One of the bustling cities of the world, the United States's Big Apple - New York - also happens to be the one battling the menace of rising air pollution.&nbsp;

Experts have found that spikes in New York's air pollution levels in the year 2018 could be attributed to Canadian wildfires and controlled agricultural burning in Canada and the southeastern US.&nbsp;

Experts believe that the rising incident of wildfires, fueled by climate change, is set to add to more pollution in years to come.&nbsp;

Meanwhile, the British weather office came out with a report earlier this month stating that the co2 levels in the atmosphere will witness the biggest ever annual rise this year as a result of the devastating Australian bushfires.&nbsp;

Also read: <a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/australian-bushfires-to-fuel-biggest-annual-rise-in-co2-concentration-this-year-276424">Australian bushfires to fuel biggest annual rise in CO2 this year</a>

The meteorological office of the United Kingdom predicted that the impact of weather patterns on global ecosystems is also likely to go up by 10 per cent this year with the devastating Australian bushfires to account for about one-fifth of this rise.&nbsp;

An unusually long bushfire season has scorched an area one-third the size of Germany in Australia. While over 25 people have lost lives in the deadly blazes since September, an estimated 1 billion animals have been killed.&nbsp;

One of the bustling cities of the world, the United States's Big Apple - New York - also happens to be the one battling the menace of rising air pollution. Experts have found that spikes in New York's air pollution levels in the year 2018 could be attributed to Canadian wildfires and controlled agricultural burning in Canada and the southeastern US.

One of the bustling cities of the world, the United States's Big Apple - New York - also happens to be the one battling the menace of rising air pollution. Experts have found that spikes in New York's air pollution levels in the year 2018 could be attributed to Canadian wildfires and controlled agricultural burning in Canada and the southeastern US. Experts believe that the rising incident of wildfires, fueled by climate change, is set to add to more pollution in years to come. Meanwhile, the British weather office came out with a report earlier this month stating that the co2 levels in the atmosphere will witness the biggest ever annual rise this year as a result of the devastating Australian bushfires. Also read: Australian bushfires to fuel biggest annual rise in CO2 this year The meteorological office of the United Kingdom predicted that the impact of weather patterns on global ecosystems is also likely to go up by 10 per cent this year with the devastating Australian bushfires to account for about one-fifth of this rise. An unusually long bushfire season has scorched an area one-third the size of Germany in Australia. While over 25 people have lost lives in the deadly blazes since September, an estimated 1 billion animals have been killed.

Experts believe Canadian wildfires prompted spikes in New York's air pollution 

Former Finance Minister late Arun Jaitley and former External Affairs Minister late Sushma Swaraj have been conferred India's second-highest civilian honour, Padma Vibhushan.&nbsp;

Former Minister of Defence George Fernandes was also conferred the Padma Vibhushan.

Former Goa Chief Minister and Defence Minister Manohar Parrikar has been awarded Padma Bhushan, posthumously.&nbsp;

<a href="https://www.wionews.com/india-news/president-kovind-confers-padma-awards-hs-phoolka-cricketer-gautam-gambhir-bollywood-actor-manoj-bajpayee-receive-padma-shri-203672">Padma Bhushan</a> is the third-highest civilian honour in India.&nbsp;

Industrialist Anand Mahindra and ace Indian shuttler PV Sindhu also received Padma Bhushan award. Indian boxing champion MC Mary Kom was honoured with Padma Vibhushan.

Former Mauritius prime minister Anerood Jugnauth also has been honoured with the Padma Vibhushan.

Padma Bhushan was also conferred on eminent personalities industrialist Venu Shrinivasan, former Nagaland chief minister SC Jamir and Jammu and Kashmir politician Muzaffar Hussain Baig.

The Padma Vibhushan for this year has been awarded to a total of seven prominent personalities, while 16 have been given the Padma Bhushan, 118 have been given the Padma Shri this year.

Last year, President Ram Nath Kovind had conferred Padma awards. Eminent personalities including senior advocate and former leader of opposition HS Phoolka, ISRO scientist Nambi Narayanan, former Indian cricketer Gautam Gambhir and Bollywood actor Manoj Bajpayee, among others, were honoured.&nbsp;

While advocate HS Phoolka, cricketer Gautam Gambhir, Bollywood actor Manoj Bajpayee were conferred Padma Shri, Narayanan was honoured with Padma Bhushan.&nbsp;

(With inputs from agencies)&nbsp;

&nbsp;

&nbsp;

Former Finance Minister late Arun Jaitley and former External Affairs Minister late Sushma Swaraj have been conferred India's second-highest civilian honour, Padma Vibhushan.

Former Finance Minister late Arun Jaitley and former External Affairs Minister late Sushma Swaraj have been conferred India's second-highest civilian honour, Padma Vibhushan. Former Minister of Defence George Fernandes was also conferred the Padma Vibhushan. Former Goa Chief Minister and Defence Minister Manohar Parrikar has been awarded Padma Bhushan, posthumously. Padma Bhushan is the third-highest civilian honour in India. Industrialist Anand Mahindra and ace Indian shuttler PV Sindhu also received Padma Bhushan award. Indian boxing champion MC Mary Kom was honoured with Padma Vibhushan. Former Mauritius prime minister Anerood Jugnauth also has been honoured with the Padma Vibhushan. Padma Bhushan was also conferred on eminent personalities industrialist Venu Shrinivasan, former Nagaland chief minister SC Jamir and Jammu and Kashmir politician Muzaffar Hussain Baig. The Padma Vibhushan for this year has been awarded to a total of seven prominent personalities, while 16 have been given the Padma Bhushan, 118 have been given the Padma Shri this year. Last year, President Ram Nath Kovind had conferred Padma awards. Eminent personalities including senior advocate and former leader of opposition HS Phoolka, ISRO scientist Nambi Narayanan, former Indian cricketer Gautam Gambhir and Bollywood actor Manoj Bajpayee, among others, were honoured. While advocate HS Phoolka, cricketer Gautam Gambhir, Bollywood actor Manoj Bajpayee were conferred Padma Shri, Narayanan was honoured with Padma Bhushan. (With inputs from agencies)

Arun Jaitley, Sushma Swaraj conferred Padma Vibhushan posthumously

President Ram Nath Kovind on Saturday urged people, particularly the youth, to remain non-violent when fighting for a cause and stressed on the need to "hold fast to constitutional methods" of achieving social and economic objectives.

His remarks come in the backdrop of protests against the new citizenship law although he made no reference to them.

In his customary address to the nation on the eve of 71st Republic Day, Kovind cited Mahatma Gandhi's gift of 'Ahimsa' (non-violence) to the humanity and said that his talisman for deciding whether an act is right or wrong "applies to the functioning of our democracy".

He said modern India comprises three organs - Legislature, Executive and Judiciary - which are necessarily interlinked and interdependent.

"Yet, on ground, the people comprise the State. 'We the People' are the prime movers of the Republic. With us, the people of India rests the real power to decide our collective future," he said.

Stressing that both the government and the opposition have "important roles to play", the president said "while giving expression to their political ideas both must move forward in tandem to ensure that development of the country and welfare of its people are promoted consistently".

In his televised address, Kovind said Gandhi's ideals remain relevant in the nation-building efforts.

"It should be part of our daily routine to introspect on Gandhiji's message of truth and non-violence, which has become all the more necessary in our times," he said in his speech. 
Recalling the importance of January 26, he said that even before 1947, this day was celebrated 'Purna Swaraj Day' (complete independence day) from 1930 to 1947.

Kovind said though the Constitution gave rights to all the citizens of a free democratic nation, but also placed on responsibility to always adhere to the central tenets of the democracy - justice, liberty, equality and fraternity.

"It becomes easier for us to follow these constitutional ideals, if we keep in mind the life and values of the Father of our Nation. By doing so, we will be adding a meaningful dimension to our celebrations of 150th birth anniversary of Gandhiji," he added.

The president said the present third decade of the 21st century will be "the decade of the rise of New India and a new generation of Indians.

"More and more of those born in this century are participating in the national discourse. With the passage of time, we are gradually losing living links with our great freedom struggle, but there is no reason to worry about the continuity of the beliefs that guided it," he said.

Kovind said with advances in technology, the young minds of today are better informed and more confident. "The next generation remains strongly committed to the core values of our nation. For our youth, the nation always comes first. With them, we are witnessing the emergence of a New India," he said.

Concluding his speech by quoting Babasaheb Ambedkar "If we wish to maintain democracy not merely in form, but also in fact, what must we do? The first thing in my judgment we must do is to hold fast to constitutional methods of achieving our social and economic objectives", the president said "these words have always lighted our path. These words will continue to show us the way ahead to new glories".

Speaking about security, he said strong internal security is essential for the development of the country and therefore, the government has taken several concrete steps to strengthen the internal security system.

"I have nothing but unreserved praise for our armed forces, paramilitary and internal security forces. Their sacrifices to preserve the integrity and unity of our country present a saga of unparalleled courage and discipline," he said.

Kovind said as India and Indians march forward, "we remain committed to engaging the global community to build a secure and prosperous future for ourselves and for the entire humanity."

He made a mention about the achievement of Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) and said they were making further progress in Mission Gaganyaan. "... The nation excitedly looks forward to the Indian Human Spaceflight Programme gaining further momentum this year."

Speaking about number of welfare scheme launched by the government, Kovind highlighted the 'Swachchh Bharat Abhiyan' which has achieved astounding success in such a short time.

He said the same spirit could be seen in other endeavours and added "be it giving up cooking fuel subsidy or pushing digital payments, the common man has made the government programmes his own, making them truly effective."

He said the 'Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana' is a matter of pride, as the target of 8 crore beneficiaries has been achieved. "With this, those in need have access to clean fuel."

About the farmers, he said under 'Pradhanmantri Kisan Samman Nidhi', more than 14 crore farmer families have become entitled to receive minimum annual income of Rupees six thousand which has enabled the farmers, who feed the nation, to live a life of dignity.

He expressed hope that schemes like 'Jal Jeevan Mission', aimed at water conservation, will soon take form of a popular movement.

He said along with the welfare of needy, every policy initiative of the government is guided by the 'nation-first' principle and there is a consistent effort by the government to ensure overall development of each and every part of the country, be it Jammu-Kashmir and Ladakh, the states in the North-East or our Islands in the Indian Ocean.

The president also spoke about sound education system built in ancient times, with the setting up of great universities like Nalanda and Takshashila. "In India, knowledge has always been considered more valuable than power, fame or riches. In our tradition, educational institutions are respected as temples of learning."

He said the educational system merged as path of empowerment after a long colonial rule.

"Even though the development of our educational institutions commenced soon after Independence, in an environment of scarcity of resources, our achievements in the field of education have followed a remarkable trajectory," he said, adding "our endeavour is to ensure that no child or youth is denied education. At the same time, we need to strive to reach global education standards by continuous reform of our educational systems."

President Ram Nath Kovind on Saturday urged people, particularly the youth, to remain non-violent when fighting for a cause and stressed on the need to "hold fast to constitutional methods" of achieving social and economic objectives.

President Ram Nath Kovind on Saturday urged people, particularly the youth, to remain non-violent when fighting for a cause and stressed on the need to "hold fast to constitutional methods" of achieving social and economic objectives. His remarks come in the backdrop of protests against the new citizenship law although he made no reference to them. In his customary address to the nation on the eve of 71st Republic Day, Kovind cited Mahatma Gandhi's gift of 'Ahimsa' (non-violence) to the humanity and said that his talisman for deciding whether an act is right or wrong "applies to the functioning of our democracy". He said modern India comprises three organs - Legislature, Executive and Judiciary - which are necessarily interlinked and interdependent. "Yet, on ground, the people comprise the State. 'We the People' are the prime movers of the Republic. With us, the people of India rests the real power to decide our collective future," he said. Stressing that both the government and the opposition have "important roles to play", the president said "while giving expression to their political ideas both must move forward in tandem to ensure that development of the country and welfare of its people are promoted consistently". In his televised address, Kovind said Gandhi's ideals remain relevant in the nation-building efforts. "It should be part of our daily routine to introspect on Gandhiji's message of truth and non-violence, which has become all the more necessary in our times," he said in his speech. Recalling the importance of January 26, he said that even before 1947, this day was celebrated 'Purna Swaraj Day' (complete independence day) from 1930 to 1947. Kovind said though the Constitution gave rights to all the citizens of a free democratic nation, but also placed on responsibility to always adhere to the central tenets of the democracy - justice, liberty, equality and fraternity. "It becomes easier for us to follow these constitutional ideals, if we keep in mind the life and values of the Father of our Nation. By doing so, we will be adding a meaningful dimension to our celebrations of 150th birth anniversary of Gandhiji," he added. The president said the present third decade of the 21st century will be "the decade of the rise of New India and a new generation of Indians. "More and more of those born in this century are participating in the national discourse. With the passage of time, we are gradually losing living links with our great freedom struggle, but there is no reason to worry about the continuity of the beliefs that guided it," he said. Kovind said with advances in technology, the young minds of today are better informed and more confident. "The next generation remains strongly committed to the core values of our nation. For our youth, the nation always comes first. With them, we are witnessing the emergence of a New India," he said. Concluding his speech by quoting Babasaheb Ambedkar "If we wish to maintain democracy not merely in form, but also in fact, what must we do? The first thing in my judgment we must do is to hold fast to constitutional methods of achieving our social and economic objectives", the president said "these words have always lighted our path. These words will continue to show us the way ahead to new glories". Speaking about security, he said strong internal security is essential for the development of the country and therefore, the government has taken several concrete steps to strengthen the internal security system. "I have nothing but unreserved praise for our armed forces, paramilitary and internal security forces. Their sacrifices to preserve the integrity and unity of our country present a saga of unparalleled courage and discipline," he said. Kovind said as India and Indians march forward, "we remain committed to engaging the global community to build a secure and prosperous future for ourselves and for the entire humanity." He made a mention about the achievement of Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) and said they were making further progress in Mission Gaganyaan. "... The nation excitedly looks forward to the Indian Human Spaceflight Programme gaining further momentum this year." Speaking about number of welfare scheme launched by the government, Kovind highlighted the 'Swachchh Bharat Abhiyan' which has achieved astounding success in such a short time. He said the same spirit could be seen in other endeavours and added "be it giving up cooking fuel subsidy or pushing digital payments, the common man has made the government programmes his own, making them truly effective." He said the 'Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana' is a matter of pride, as the target of 8 crore beneficiaries has been achieved. "With this, those in need have access to clean fuel." About the farmers, he said under 'Pradhanmantri Kisan Samman Nidhi', more than 14 crore farmer families have become entitled to receive minimum annual income of Rupees six thousand which has enabled the farmers, who feed the nation, to live a life of dignity. He expressed hope that schemes like 'Jal Jeevan Mission', aimed at water conservation, will soon take form of a popular movement. He said along with the welfare of needy, every policy initiative of the government is guided by the 'nation-first' principle and there is a consistent effort by the government to ensure overall development of each and every part of the country, be it Jammu-Kashmir and Ladakh, the states in the North-East or our Islands in the Indian Ocean. The president also spoke about sound education system built in ancient times, with the setting up of great universities like Nalanda and Takshashila. "In India, knowledge has always been considered more valuable than power, fame or riches. In our tradition, educational institutions are respected as temples of learning." He said the educational system merged as path of empowerment after a long colonial rule. "Even though the development of our educational institutions commenced soon after Independence, in an environment of scarcity of resources, our achievements in the field of education have followed a remarkable trajectory," he said, adding "our endeavour is to ensure that no child or youth is denied education. At the same time, we need to strive to reach global education standards by continuous reform of our educational systems."

Remain non-violent when fighting for a cause, President Kovind tells countrymen on Republic Day eve

Mukesh Kumar Singh, one of the death row convicts in the 2012-gangrape and murder case, on Saturday moved Supreme Court challenging the rejection of his mercy petition by the President.

"I have filed a petition before the Court challenging the rejection of mercy petition by the President," said his lawyer Vrinda Grover, speaking to ANI.

"I have moved the Apex Court for judicial review against the order of rejection of mercy petition by the President of India," said Grover.

Grover has sought commutation of Mukesh's death sentence to life imprisonment, as the President had rejected his mercy petition.

Supreme Court's five-judge bench, headed by Justice NV Ramana, had earlier, dismissed the curative petitions of Mukesh and another death row convict, Vinay Kumar Sharma.

After the dismissal of the curative petition by the SC, Mukesh had filed a mercy petition before the President of India, who also had rejected his mercy plea.

Mercy petition is the last constitutional recourse that a death row convict can exhaust.

The 23-year-old paramedical student was brutally gang-raped in a moving bus on December 16, 2012, by six men (including a juvenile), in Delhi.

One of the accused, out of five adult accused, Ram Singh, had committed suicide in the Tihar jail during the trial of the case.

The other three death row convicts, against whom the death warrants had already been issued are - Pawan Kumar Gupta, Vinay Kumar Sharma, and Akshay Kumar Singh.&nbsp; 
&nbsp;

Mukesh Kumar Singh, one of the death row convicts in the 2012-gangrape and murder case, on Saturday moved Supreme Court challenging the rejection of his mercy petition by the President.

Mukesh Kumar Singh, one of the death row convicts in the 2012-gangrape and murder case, on Saturday moved Supreme Court challenging the rejection of his mercy petition by the President. "I have filed a petition before the Court challenging the rejection of mercy petition by the President," said his lawyer Vrinda Grover, speaking to ANI. "I have moved the Apex Court for judicial review against the order of rejection of mercy petition by the President of India," said Grover. Grover has sought commutation of Mukesh's death sentence to life imprisonment, as the President had rejected his mercy petition. Supreme Court's five-judge bench, headed by Justice NV Ramana, had earlier, dismissed the curative petitions of Mukesh and another death row convict, Vinay Kumar Sharma. After the dismissal of the curative petition by the SC, Mukesh had filed a mercy petition before the President of India, who also had rejected his mercy plea. Mercy petition is the last constitutional recourse that a death row convict can exhaust. The 23-year-old paramedical student was brutally gang-raped in a moving bus on December 16, 2012, by six men (including a juvenile), in Delhi. One of the accused, out of five adult accused, Ram Singh, had committed suicide in the Tihar jail during the trial of the case. The other three death row convicts, against whom the death warrants had already been issued are - Pawan Kumar Gupta, Vinay Kumar Sharma, and Akshay Kumar Singh.

Nirbhaya death row convict challenges rejection of mercy petition in Supreme Court

An encounter between security forces and terrorists broke out in Jammu and Kashmir's Awantipora area on Saturday.&nbsp;

According to reports, two terrorists have been killed in the encounter.&nbsp;

Earlier, it was reported that a top Jaish-e-Mohammed (JeM) commander and two other terrorists were trapped in the encounter.&nbsp;

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Kashmir Zone Police on Awantipora encounter: In the exchange of fire two terrorists have been killed. Operation is in progress. <a href="https://t.co/3uDPdiIMJv">https://t.co/3uDPdiIMJv</a>
— ANI (@ANI) <a href="https://twitter.com/ANI/status/1221038058025304065?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">January 25, 2020</a></blockquote>
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This comes just three days after a <a href="https://www.wionews.com/india-news/jk-one-terrorist-killed-in-encounter-with-security-forces-in-pulwama-275958">terrorist was gunned down in Jammu and Kashmir's Pulwama district</a> after an encounter with security forces.

The encounter had broken out on Tuesday and continued till Wednesday.

"#Awantipora encounter update: 01 #terrorist has been killed. #Operation is in progress. Further details shall follow," Kashmir Zone Police had tweeted.&nbsp;

An encounter between security forces and terrorists broke out in Jammu and Kashmir's Awantipora area on Saturday. According to reports, two terrorists have been killed in the encounter.

An encounter between security forces and terrorists broke out in Jammu and Kashmir's Awantipora area on Saturday. According to reports, two terrorists have been killed in the encounter. Earlier, it was reported that a top Jaish-e-Mohammed (JeM) commander and two other terrorists were trapped in the encounter. Kashmir Zone Police on Awantipora encounter: In the exchange of fire two terrorists have been killed. Operation is in progress. https://t.co/3uDPdiIMJv — ANI (@ANI) January 25, 2020 × This comes just three days after a terrorist was gunned down in Jammu and Kashmir's Pulwama district after an encounter with security forces. The encounter had broken out on Tuesday and continued till Wednesday. "#Awantipora encounter update: 01 #terrorist has been killed. #Operation is in progress. Further details shall follow," Kashmir Zone Police had tweeted.

Jammu and Kashmir: 2 terrorists killed in encounter between security forces and terrorists in Awantipora

Referring to border issues, the Nepal government said that there will be no problem to resolve matters with India, sources said on Saturday.

"Sometimes, some issues are unresolved. We should not keep in mind and not speak. We can discuss openly including border issues. We are developing friendly ties. There will be no problem to resolve issues with India," Nepal government sources told ANI.

This comes a day after Nepali Foreign Minister Pradeep Gyawali said he is optimistic that the lingering territorial issues will be resolved by the two countries through the "diplomatic process".

Speaking to ANI, Gyawali said that New Delhi and Kathmandu are preparing a mechanism to resolve the issue.Nepal had raised objections over the inclusion of Limpiyadhura, Lipulek, and Kalapani areas under India's territory in a fresh map released by the Centre following the bifurcation of Jammu and Kashmir into Union Territories.

Also read: <a href="https://www.wionews.com/south-asia/nepal-urges-india-to-reconsider-palm-oil-import-ban-276463">Nepal finance minister urges India to reconsider palm oil import ban</a>

India, on its part, said that the map accurately depicts its sovereign territory and that it did not revise its boundary with Nepal in any manner.

The valley of Kalapani, with the Lipulekh Pass at the top, forms the Indian route to Kailash Manasarovar, an ancient pilgrimage site.

The territory is also the traditional trading route to Tibet for the Bhotiyas of Uttarakhand.

After India closed the Lipulekh Pass in the aftermath of the 1962 Sino-Indian War, much of the Bhotiya trade used to pass through the Tinkar Pass.

The Nepalese protests regarding the Kalapani territory started in 1997 after India and China agreed to reopen the Lipulekh Pass.&nbsp; 
&nbsp;

Referring to border issues, the Nepal government said that there will be no problem to resolve matters with India, sources said on Saturday. "Sometimes, some issues are unresolved.

Referring to border issues, the Nepal government said that there will be no problem to resolve matters with India, sources said on Saturday. "Sometimes, some issues are unresolved. We should not keep in mind and not speak. We can discuss openly including border issues. We are developing friendly ties. There will be no problem to resolve issues with India," Nepal government sources told ANI. This comes a day after Nepali Foreign Minister Pradeep Gyawali said he is optimistic that the lingering territorial issues will be resolved by the two countries through the "diplomatic process". Speaking to ANI, Gyawali said that New Delhi and Kathmandu are preparing a mechanism to resolve the issue.Nepal had raised objections over the inclusion of Limpiyadhura, Lipulek, and Kalapani areas under India's territory in a fresh map released by the Centre following the bifurcation of Jammu and Kashmir into Union Territories. Also read: Nepal finance minister urges India to reconsider palm oil import ban India, on its part, said that the map accurately depicts its sovereign territory and that it did not revise its boundary with Nepal in any manner. The valley of Kalapani, with the Lipulekh Pass at the top, forms the Indian route to Kailash Manasarovar, an ancient pilgrimage site. The territory is also the traditional trading route to Tibet for the Bhotiyas of Uttarakhand. After India closed the Lipulekh Pass in the aftermath of the 1962 Sino-Indian War, much of the Bhotiya trade used to pass through the Tinkar Pass. The Nepalese protests regarding the Kalapani territory started in 1997 after India and China agreed to reopen the Lipulekh Pass.

No problem in resolving border issues with India: Nepal

Amid protests over the Citizenship Amendment Act in India, a top American diplomat has underscored the importance of the principle of equal protection under the law.

Acting Assistant Secretary of State for South and Central Asia Alice Wells, who has just returned from a trip to the region besides attending the Raisina Dialogue in New Delhi, said on Friday that her visit offered an opportunity to hear more regarding developments with the new citizenship law.

According to the CAA, members of Hindu, Sikh, Buddhist, Jain, Parsi and Christian communities who have come from Pakistan, Bangladesh and Afghanistan till December 31, 2014 following religious persecution there will get Indian citizenship.

"The visit also offered an opportunity to hear more regarding developments with India's Citizenship Amendment Act, which is undergoing I would say a vigorous democratic scrutiny, whether it's in the streets, by the political opposition, media, and the courts," she said.

"We continue to underscore the importance of the principle of equal protection under the law," Wells added.

On Jammu and Kashmir, Wells said she was "pleased to see some incremental steps, including the partial return of internet service" in Kashmir.

The restrictions were imposed on August 5 last when India abrogated the Article 370 that gave special powers to Jammu and Kashmir, and bifurcated the state into two Union Territories. 
Wells described the visit by US ambassador Kenneth Juster, and other foreign diplomats to Jammu and Kashmir as "a useful step".

"We also continue to urge the government to permit regular access by our diplomats, and to move swiftly to release those political leaders detained without charge," she said.

In the first such trip by foreign diplomats post August 5, envoys of 15 countries, including the US, early this month visited Jammu and Kashmir where they interacted with select political representatives, civil society members as well as top military brass with the Indian government rejecting criticism that it was a "guided tour".

While in New Delhi, Wells had meetings with her Indian counterparts, which she said were focused on how to build on the diplomatic and defence gains achieved during the 2+2 ministerial dialogue in December.

With continued progress on defense cooperation, peacekeeping operations, space, counterterrorism, trade, people-to-people initiatives, and more, she said the quality and frequency of India-US naval cooperation, especially the information sharing, have reached unprecedented levels.

Amid protests over the Citizenship Amendment Act in India, a top American diplomat has underscored the importance of the principle of equal protection under the law.

Amid protests over the Citizenship Amendment Act in India, a top American diplomat has underscored the importance of the principle of equal protection under the law. Acting Assistant Secretary of State for South and Central Asia Alice Wells, who has just returned from a trip to the region besides attending the Raisina Dialogue in New Delhi, said on Friday that her visit offered an opportunity to hear more regarding developments with the new citizenship law. According to the CAA, members of Hindu, Sikh, Buddhist, Jain, Parsi and Christian communities who have come from Pakistan, Bangladesh and Afghanistan till December 31, 2014 following religious persecution there will get Indian citizenship. "The visit also offered an opportunity to hear more regarding developments with India's Citizenship Amendment Act, which is undergoing I would say a vigorous democratic scrutiny, whether it's in the streets, by the political opposition, media, and the courts," she said. "We continue to underscore the importance of the principle of equal protection under the law," Wells added. On Jammu and Kashmir, Wells said she was "pleased to see some incremental steps, including the partial return of internet service" in Kashmir. The restrictions were imposed on August 5 last when India abrogated the Article 370 that gave special powers to Jammu and Kashmir, and bifurcated the state into two Union Territories. Wells described the visit by US ambassador Kenneth Juster, and other foreign diplomats to Jammu and Kashmir as "a useful step". "We also continue to urge the government to permit regular access by our diplomats, and to move swiftly to release those political leaders detained without charge," she said. In the first such trip by foreign diplomats post August 5, envoys of 15 countries, including the US, early this month visited Jammu and Kashmir where they interacted with select political representatives, civil society members as well as top military brass with the Indian government rejecting criticism that it was a "guided tour". While in New Delhi, Wells had meetings with her Indian counterparts, which she said were focused on how to build on the diplomatic and defence gains achieved during the 2+2 ministerial dialogue in December. With continued progress on defense cooperation, peacekeeping operations, space, counterterrorism, trade, people-to-people initiatives, and more, she said the quality and frequency of India-US naval cooperation, especially the information sharing, have reached unprecedented levels.

US stresses equal protection under India's new citizenship law

India and Brazil on Saturday inked 15 agreements to ramp up cooperation in a wide range of areas and unveiled an action plan to further broadbase strategic ties after talks between Prime Minister Narendra Modi and Brazilian President Jair Messias Bolsonaro.

In the action plan, the two countries have set specific goals for deeper cooperation in areas of defence and security, trade and commerce, agriculture, civil aviation, energy, environment, health and innovation and vowed to work together to conclude an agreement to deal with international terrorism.

The major focus of the talks was on boosting bilateral trade and investment as both the large economies were hit by global economic slowdown.

The 15 agreements will provide for cooperation in a wide range of areas including oil and gas, mineral resources, traditional medicine, animal husbandry, bioenergy and trade and investment.

"Your visit to India has opened a new chapter in ties between India and Brazil," Modi said, summing up the outcome of his talks with Bolsonaro.

Calling Brazil a valuable partner in India's economic growth, the prime minister said both the countries have been on the same page on various global issues and exuded confidence that the ties will strengthen further.

"Despite geographical distance, both India and Brazil are together on various global issues as there is convergence in our views," Modi said in his media statement in the presence of Bolsonaro.

Also read: <a href="https://www.wionews.com/india-news/pm-modi-welcomes-brazilian-president-says-visit-will-strengthen-india-brazil-relations-276454">PM Modi welcomes Brazilian President, says visit will strengthen India-Brazil relations</a>

The prime minister said focus is being given to new ways of boosting defence industrial cooperation.

"We want to have broad-based cooperation in defence," he added.

On his part Bolsonaro said the two countries have further consolidated the already strong ties by signing 15 agreements which will provide for cooperation in a range of areas.

According to the action plan, the two countries will encourage greater collaboration between their defence industrial bases and work together to conclude an agreement in combating international terrorism and transnational organised crime.

It mentioned that the two sides will strengthen established institutional mechanisms and promote coordination on bilateral, plurilateral and multilateral issues of mutual interest based on the principles of equality and trust.

Bolsonaro arrived here on Friday, accompanied by his daughter Laura Bolsonaro, daughter-in-law Leticia Firmo, eight ministers, four members of the Brazilian parliament and a large business delegation.

The Brazilian president will grace the Republic Day Parade as chief guest on Sunday.

Earlier, the Brazilian president was given a ceremonial welcome at the Rashtrapati Bhavan in the presence of President Ram Nath Kovind and Modi.

India's ties with Brazil, the largest country in Latin America, have been on an upswing in the last few years. The country has a population of 210 million with $1.8 trillion economy. 
This is the first visit of President Bolsonaro to India.

The volume of bilateral trade was $8.2 billion in 2018-19. This included $3.8 billion worth of Indian exports to Brazil and $4.4 million as imports by India.

Both the governments feel there is a huge potential to enhance bilateral trade further.

Major Indian exports to Brazil include agro-chemicals, synthetic yarns, auto components and parts, pharmaceutical and petroleum products.

Brazilian exports to India include crude oil, gold, vegetable oil, sugar and bulk mineral and ores.

Indian investments in Brazil were around $6 billion and Brazilian investments in India are estimated at $1 billion in 2018.&nbsp;

India and Brazil on Saturday inked 15 agreements to ramp up cooperation in a wide range of areas and unveiled an action plan to further broadbase strategic ties after talks between Prime Minister Narendra Modi and Brazilian President Jair Messias Bolsonaro.

India and Brazil on Saturday inked 15 agreements to ramp up cooperation in a wide range of areas and unveiled an action plan to further broadbase strategic ties after talks between Prime Minister Narendra Modi and Brazilian President Jair Messias Bolsonaro. In the action plan, the two countries have set specific goals for deeper cooperation in areas of defence and security, trade and commerce, agriculture, civil aviation, energy, environment, health and innovation and vowed to work together to conclude an agreement to deal with international terrorism. The major focus of the talks was on boosting bilateral trade and investment as both the large economies were hit by global economic slowdown. The 15 agreements will provide for cooperation in a wide range of areas including oil and gas, mineral resources, traditional medicine, animal husbandry, bioenergy and trade and investment. "Your visit to India has opened a new chapter in ties between India and Brazil," Modi said, summing up the outcome of his talks with Bolsonaro. Calling Brazil a valuable partner in India's economic growth, the prime minister said both the countries have been on the same page on various global issues and exuded confidence that the ties will strengthen further. "Despite geographical distance, both India and Brazil are together on various global issues as there is convergence in our views," Modi said in his media statement in the presence of Bolsonaro. Also read: PM Modi welcomes Brazilian President, says visit will strengthen India-Brazil relations The prime minister said focus is being given to new ways of boosting defence industrial cooperation. "We want to have broad-based cooperation in defence," he added. On his part Bolsonaro said the two countries have further consolidated the already strong ties by signing 15 agreements which will provide for cooperation in a range of areas. According to the action plan, the two countries will encourage greater collaboration between their defence industrial bases and work together to conclude an agreement in combating international terrorism and transnational organised crime. It mentioned that the two sides will strengthen established institutional mechanisms and promote coordination on bilateral, plurilateral and multilateral issues of mutual interest based on the principles of equality and trust. Bolsonaro arrived here on Friday, accompanied by his daughter Laura Bolsonaro, daughter-in-law Leticia Firmo, eight ministers, four members of the Brazilian parliament and a large business delegation. The Brazilian president will grace the Republic Day Parade as chief guest on Sunday. Earlier, the Brazilian president was given a ceremonial welcome at the Rashtrapati Bhavan in the presence of President Ram Nath Kovind and Modi. India's ties with Brazil, the largest country in Latin America, have been on an upswing in the last few years. The country has a population of 210 million with $1.8 trillion economy. This is the first visit of President Bolsonaro to India. The volume of bilateral trade was $8.2 billion in 2018-19. This included $3.8 billion worth of Indian exports to Brazil and $4.4 million as imports by India. Both the governments feel there is a huge potential to enhance bilateral trade further. Major Indian exports to Brazil include agro-chemicals, synthetic yarns, auto components and parts, pharmaceutical and petroleum products. Brazilian exports to India include crude oil, gold, vegetable oil, sugar and bulk mineral and ores. Indian investments in Brazil were around $6 billion and Brazilian investments in India are estimated at $1 billion in 2018.

India, Brazil ink 15 pacts; unveil action plan to broadbase ties

With some of the 100 selected smart cities lagging behind in implementing projects under the Mission, the Union Housing and Urban Affairs Ministry has decided to pair up 20 best cities with 20 worst performers.

The move is aimed at improving the rank of cities whose performance is not up to the mark despite having availability of sufficient funds for the execution of various projects.

Smart Cities Mission Director Kunal Kumar told PTI that some cities are lagging behind, which need to be pushed through guidance by best performing cities.

"Under the 20-20 formula floated by ministry secretary Durga Shanker Mishra, the 20 best performing cities will be made sister cities which will team up with 20 cities which need to do well in implementing projects," he said.

The mission director said that the ministry will announce the exact pairings of these cities under 20-20 formula in the next 15 days.

Also read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/india-news/what-is-a-smart-city-and-what-does-it-mean-for-urban-india-270444">What is a 'smart city' and what does it mean for urban India?</a>

For instance, a best performing hill city will team up with another non-performing hill city for executing projects and dealing with problems be it related to road infrastructure, water, electricity and others.

Kumar said that the ministry does internal rankings of 100 selected cities every week based on their performance under the Mission.

Another official, who did not wish to be named, said that Surat, Ahmedabad, Nagpur, Ranchi, Bhopal, Kanpur, Indore, Visakhapatnam, Agra, Varanasi, Pune and Udaipur are among the 20 best performing smart cities.

Smart Cities Mission, launched in 2015, is aimed at ensuring all-round developments of a city which has advanced facilities for its citizens.

Meanwhile, a two-day 3rd Apex Conference of Smart Cities concluded here on Saturday where CEOs of selected cities participated.

Surat was ranked the first among other 100 cities in overall category.

According to the Union Housing and Urban Affairs Ministry, which is mandated to implement the Smart Cities Mission, the value of tendered smart city projects is so far over Rs 1,62,000 crore.

The value of work orders issued so far is around Rs 1,20,000 crore and the value of all completed projects is more than Rs 25,000 crore.&nbsp;

With some of the 100 selected smart cities lagging behind in implementing projects under the Mission, the Union Housing and Urban Affairs Ministry has decided to pair up 20 best cities with 20 worst performers.

With some of the 100 selected smart cities lagging behind in implementing projects under the Mission, the Union Housing and Urban Affairs Ministry has decided to pair up 20 best cities with 20 worst performers. The move is aimed at improving the rank of cities whose performance is not up to the mark despite having availability of sufficient funds for the execution of various projects. Smart Cities Mission Director Kunal Kumar told PTI that some cities are lagging behind, which need to be pushed through guidance by best performing cities. "Under the 20-20 formula floated by ministry secretary Durga Shanker Mishra, the 20 best performing cities will be made sister cities which will team up with 20 cities which need to do well in implementing projects," he said. The mission director said that the ministry will announce the exact pairings of these cities under 20-20 formula in the next 15 days. Also read: What is a 'smart city' and what does it mean for urban India? For instance, a best performing hill city will team up with another non-performing hill city for executing projects and dealing with problems be it related to road infrastructure, water, electricity and others. Kumar said that the ministry does internal rankings of 100 selected cities every week based on their performance under the Mission. Another official, who did not wish to be named, said that Surat, Ahmedabad, Nagpur, Ranchi, Bhopal, Kanpur, Indore, Visakhapatnam, Agra, Varanasi, Pune and Udaipur are among the 20 best performing smart cities. Smart Cities Mission, launched in 2015, is aimed at ensuring all-round developments of a city which has advanced facilities for its citizens. Meanwhile, a two-day 3rd Apex Conference of Smart Cities concluded here on Saturday where CEOs of selected cities participated. Surat was ranked the first among other 100 cities in overall category. According to the Union Housing and Urban Affairs Ministry, which is mandated to implement the Smart Cities Mission, the value of tendered smart city projects is so far over Rs 1,62,000 crore. The value of work orders issued so far is around Rs 1,20,000 crore and the value of all completed projects is more than Rs 25,000 crore.

Smart Cities Mission: Best performing cities to team up with worst performers under 20-20 formula

Nepal on Saturday became the first South Asian nation to offer to "mediate" between India and Pakistan over Kashmir and cross-border terrorism with a Nepal government source underlining the importance of dialogue between the two arch-rivals to resolve their differences that could also lead to the revival of the SAARC.

Tensions between India and Pakistan have spiked since India abrogated Article 370 of the Constitution to revoke the special status of Jammu and Kashmir in August last year. India's decision evoked strong reactions from Pakistan, which downgraded diplomatic ties and expelled the Indian envoy.

"Peaceful talks and discussions are the best ways to resolve any problems. There may be contradictions and differences but it can be resolved through dialogue. If necessary, we can play the role of the mediator as Nepal is an independent, neutral and peace loving country," the source said here.

The source, however, said that better solution to resolve the issues would be to develop better dialogue between two countries.

"We can be instrumental, but it will be better (for the two sides) to develop direct contact," the source told a group of visiting Indian journalists.

Earlier this week, US President Donald Trump repeated his offer to "help" resolve the Kashmir issue between India and Pakistan during his meeting with Prime Minister Imran Khan on the sidelines of the World Economic Forum in Davos, Switzerland.

New Delhi maintains that there is no scope for any third-party mediation between India and Pakistan over Kashmir.

"When we come together, sit together and share views then things will be resolved. In every situation, we have to sit together and try to resolve the problem otherwise things can be deteriorated," the Nepalese source said.

Expressing concern over the uncertainty prevailing over the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) summit, the source said the eight member grouping should be revitalised and misunderstandings should be removed.

"SAARC is not dead. It is alive. Only thing is that we have not met. Hope we can revive it," he said.

The last SAARC Summit in 2014 was held in Kathmandu, which was attended by Prime Minister Narendra Modi.

The 2016 SAARC summit was to be held in Islamabad. But after the terrorist attack on an Indian Army camp in Uri in Jammu and Kashmir on September 18 that year, India expressed its inability to participate in the summit due to "prevailing circumstances".

The summit was called off after Bangladesh, Bhutan and Afghanistan also declined to participate in the Islamabad meet.

In the last three years, India has been distancing itself from the SAARC, citing security challenge facing the region from terror networks based in Pakistan, which is also a member of the grouping.

Nepal is still the Chairman of the SAARC because of the postponement of the 2016 summit in Islamabad.

On Friday, Nepal's Foreign Minister Pradeep Kumar Gyawali said his country is "ready and eager" to handover the position to Pakistan.

The source said that there was no link between SAARC and terrorism, a major issue between India and Pakistan that led to the cancellation of the 2016 summit.

"We are strongly against all forms and manifestations of terrorism. But there is no relationship between the two (SAARC and terrorism). We cannot connect the two issues," the source said.

Nepal, India, Pakistan, the Maldives, Bhutan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka and Afghanistan are the members of the SAARC.

Identifying terrorism as a common threat to peace loving countries, the source said, "We have to deal with the issue of terrorism".

"I think that misunderstandings should be narrowed down and SAARC should be revitalised. It would be better to revise SAARC. I have told India that SAARC should be revitalised. We can find out amicable solutions," the source said.

SAARC summits are usually held biennially and hosted by member states in alphabetical order. The member state hosting the summit assumes the Chair of the Association. 
On the boundary issue with India, the source said the two countries can discuss any issue based on "truth, evidences and facts".

India in November released fresh maps of the newly-created union territories of Jammu and Kashmir, and Ladakh. In the maps, Pakistan-occupied Kashmir is part of Jammu and Kashmir, while Gilgit-Baltistan is in Ladakh.

Nepal claimed that Limpiyadhura, Lipulek and Kalapani areas were shown under India's territory even though they lie within the Nepalese territory.

India has said the new map accurately depicts its sovereign territory and it has in no manner revised its boundary with Nepal.

"We can resolve any issue if we discuss. Sometimes some issues are left unresolved. We should not keep something in mind and don't speak out. This is not the situation now," the source said.

"We can share and discuss openly, including on the border issue. We are developing our friendly ties in a new track and depth," he said, adding that the leaders of the two sides have developed very good relations and taken the bilateral ties to the next level.

On National Register of Citizens (NRC) and its possible impact on Nepali speaking people and Gorkhas, the source said Nepal has been reassured by the statement of Defence

Minister Rajnath Singh that it would not have any impact on them.

"This is an issue of India and the people of India and they will resolve themselves," he added.&nbsp; 
&nbsp;

Nepal on Saturday became the first South Asian nation to offer to "mediate" between India and Pakistan over Kashmir and cross-border terrorism with a Nepal government source underlining the importance of dialogue between the two arch-rivals to resolve their differences that could also lead to the revival of the SAARC.

Nepal on Saturday became the first South Asian nation to offer to "mediate" between India and Pakistan over Kashmir and cross-border terrorism with a Nepal government source underlining the importance of dialogue between the two arch-rivals to resolve their differences that could also lead to the revival of the SAARC. Tensions between India and Pakistan have spiked since India abrogated Article 370 of the Constitution to revoke the special status of Jammu and Kashmir in August last year. India's decision evoked strong reactions from Pakistan, which downgraded diplomatic ties and expelled the Indian envoy. "Peaceful talks and discussions are the best ways to resolve any problems. There may be contradictions and differences but it can be resolved through dialogue. If necessary, we can play the role of the mediator as Nepal is an independent, neutral and peace loving country," the source said here. The source, however, said that better solution to resolve the issues would be to develop better dialogue between two countries. "We can be instrumental, but it will be better (for the two sides) to develop direct contact," the source told a group of visiting Indian journalists. Earlier this week, US President Donald Trump repeated his offer to "help" resolve the Kashmir issue between India and Pakistan during his meeting with Prime Minister Imran Khan on the sidelines of the World Economic Forum in Davos, Switzerland. New Delhi maintains that there is no scope for any third-party mediation between India and Pakistan over Kashmir. "When we come together, sit together and share views then things will be resolved. In every situation, we have to sit together and try to resolve the problem otherwise things can be deteriorated," the Nepalese source said. Expressing concern over the uncertainty prevailing over the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) summit, the source said the eight member grouping should be revitalised and misunderstandings should be removed. "SAARC is not dead. It is alive. Only thing is that we have not met. Hope we can revive it," he said. The last SAARC Summit in 2014 was held in Kathmandu, which was attended by Prime Minister Narendra Modi. The 2016 SAARC summit was to be held in Islamabad. But after the terrorist attack on an Indian Army camp in Uri in Jammu and Kashmir on September 18 that year, India expressed its inability to participate in the summit due to "prevailing circumstances". The summit was called off after Bangladesh, Bhutan and Afghanistan also declined to participate in the Islamabad meet. In the last three years, India has been distancing itself from the SAARC, citing security challenge facing the region from terror networks based in Pakistan, which is also a member of the grouping. Nepal is still the Chairman of the SAARC because of the postponement of the 2016 summit in Islamabad. On Friday, Nepal's Foreign Minister Pradeep Kumar Gyawali said his country is "ready and eager" to handover the position to Pakistan. The source said that there was no link between SAARC and terrorism, a major issue between India and Pakistan that led to the cancellation of the 2016 summit. "We are strongly against all forms and manifestations of terrorism. But there is no relationship between the two (SAARC and terrorism). We cannot connect the two issues," the source said. Nepal, India, Pakistan, the Maldives, Bhutan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka and Afghanistan are the members of the SAARC. Identifying terrorism as a common threat to peace loving countries, the source said, "We have to deal with the issue of terrorism". "I think that misunderstandings should be narrowed down and SAARC should be revitalised. It would be better to revise SAARC. I have told India that SAARC should be revitalised. We can find out amicable solutions," the source said. SAARC summits are usually held biennially and hosted by member states in alphabetical order. The member state hosting the summit assumes the Chair of the Association. On the boundary issue with India, the source said the two countries can discuss any issue based on "truth, evidences and facts". India in November released fresh maps of the newly-created union territories of Jammu and Kashmir, and Ladakh. In the maps, Pakistan-occupied Kashmir is part of Jammu and Kashmir, while Gilgit-Baltistan is in Ladakh. Nepal claimed that Limpiyadhura, Lipulek and Kalapani areas were shown under India's territory even though they lie within the Nepalese territory. India has said the new map accurately depicts its sovereign territory and it has in no manner revised its boundary with Nepal. "We can resolve any issue if we discuss. Sometimes some issues are left unresolved. We should not keep something in mind and don't speak out. This is not the situation now," the source said. "We can share and discuss openly, including on the border issue. We are developing our friendly ties in a new track and depth," he said, adding that the leaders of the two sides have developed very good relations and taken the bilateral ties to the next level. On National Register of Citizens (NRC) and its possible impact on Nepali speaking people and Gorkhas, the source said Nepal has been reassured by the statement of Defence Minister Rajnath Singh that it would not have any impact on them. "This is an issue of India and the people of India and they will resolve themselves," he added.

Nepal offers to play role of mediator between India and Pakistan

British Prime Minister Boris Johnson signed Britain's EU divorce agreement on Friday after Brussels' top two officials earlier did likewise at a ceremony behind closed doors.

"Today I have signed the Withdrawal Agreement for the UK to leave the EU on January 31st, honouring the democratic mandate of the British people," Johnson wrote on Twitter.

On Wednesday next week, the text will go to the European Parliament for ratification and on Thursday diplomats from the EU member states will approve the deal in writing.

Then, on Friday, January 31, Britain spends its last day in the EU before leaving the bloc at 2300 GMT as clocks strike midnight in Brussels.

"Charles Michel and I have just signed the Agreement on the Withdrawal of the UK from the EU, opening the way for its ratification by the European Parliament," European Commission president von der Leyen tweeted.

Also read: <a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/britains-johnson-sets-brexit-on-january-31-as-top-priority-queen-269204">Britain's Johnson sets Brexit on January 31 as top priority - Queen</a>

In a separate tweet, European Council president Michel said: "Things will inevitably change but our friendship will remain. We start a new chapter as partners and allies."

The former Belgian premier, whose council represents EU member governments, added, in French: "I'm keen to write this new page together."

Official photographs of the official signing ceremony, conducted before dawn in the European Council's headquarters in Brussels, showed chief EU Brexit negotiator Michel Barnier looking on.

No reporters or photographers were allowed to witness the low key ceremony, despite news agencies offering to organise a pool.

British voters backed leaving the European Union in a June 2016 referendum, and after lengthy negotiations and several delays, Johnson's new government plans to "get Brexit done" next week.

Queen Elizabeth II gave her formal assent to the British withdrawal legislation on Thursday and the European Union is now expected to complete the final formalities in the coming days.

11-month transition period

Britain will leave the institutions of the union, reducing it to 27 member states, but the withdrawal agreement provides for an 11-month transition period until the end of the year.

During this time, Britain and the rest of the bloc will continue to apply the same rules of business to avoid economic disruption while officials try to negotiate a broader trade deal.

Most experts regard the idea that London and Brussels could agree a comprehensive free trade agreement in that time as ambitious.

But officials have expressed cautious optimism that some kind of agreement can be reached.

Formal trade talks are not expected to begin until the end of February or even March, and in the meantime, Barnier has been in intensive talks with EU member states on his negotiating mandate.

After the transition, Britain wants the right to set its own rules in areas such as workers' rights and environmental standards.

But Brussels has warned that the more the UK diverges from EU standards, the less it will have unfettered access to Europe's huge single market.&nbsp;

And a comprehensive free trade agreement of the type the European Union has signed with Canada could take years to negotiate.

British Prime Minister Boris Johnson signed Britain's EU divorce agreement on Friday after Brussels' top two officials earlier did likewise at a ceremony behind closed doors.

British Prime Minister Boris Johnson signed Britain's EU divorce agreement on Friday after Brussels' top two officials earlier did likewise at a ceremony behind closed doors. "Today I have signed the Withdrawal Agreement for the UK to leave the EU on January 31st, honouring the democratic mandate of the British people," Johnson wrote on Twitter. On Wednesday next week, the text will go to the European Parliament for ratification and on Thursday diplomats from the EU member states will approve the deal in writing. Then, on Friday, January 31, Britain spends its last day in the EU before leaving the bloc at 2300 GMT as clocks strike midnight in Brussels. "Charles Michel and I have just signed the Agreement on the Withdrawal of the UK from the EU, opening the way for its ratification by the European Parliament," European Commission president von der Leyen tweeted. Also read: Britain's Johnson sets Brexit on January 31 as top priority - Queen In a separate tweet, European Council president Michel said: "Things will inevitably change but our friendship will remain. We start a new chapter as partners and allies." The former Belgian premier, whose council represents EU member governments, added, in French: "I'm keen to write this new page together." Official photographs of the official signing ceremony, conducted before dawn in the European Council's headquarters in Brussels, showed chief EU Brexit negotiator Michel Barnier looking on. No reporters or photographers were allowed to witness the low key ceremony, despite news agencies offering to organise a pool. British voters backed leaving the European Union in a June 2016 referendum, and after lengthy negotiations and several delays, Johnson's new government plans to "get Brexit done" next week. Queen Elizabeth II gave her formal assent to the British withdrawal legislation on Thursday and the European Union is now expected to complete the final formalities in the coming days. 11-month transition period Britain will leave the institutions of the union, reducing it to 27 member states, but the withdrawal agreement provides for an 11-month transition period until the end of the year. During this time, Britain and the rest of the bloc will continue to apply the same rules of business to avoid economic disruption while officials try to negotiate a broader trade deal. Most experts regard the idea that London and Brussels could agree a comprehensive free trade agreement in that time as ambitious. But officials have expressed cautious optimism that some kind of agreement can be reached. Formal trade talks are not expected to begin until the end of February or even March, and in the meantime, Barnier has been in intensive talks with EU member states on his negotiating mandate. After the transition, Britain wants the right to set its own rules in areas such as workers' rights and environmental standards. But Brussels has warned that the more the UK diverges from EU standards, the less it will have unfettered access to Europe's huge single market. And a comprehensive free trade agreement of the type the European Union has signed with Canada could take years to negotiate.

PM Johnson signs agreement for Britain to leave European Union

Prime Minister Narendra Modi welcomed Brazilian President Jair Messias Bolsonaro, who arrived on Friday for his four-day visit to India.

Prime Minister said that Bolsonaro's visit to India will add strength to India-Brazil relations.

"A warm welcome to President Jair Messias Bolsonaro! We are delighted to host him and we look forward to his taking part in our Republic Day celebrations. His visit will add strength to India-Brazil relations," tweeted Prime Minister Modi.

The visit of Brazilian President, who is the Chief Guest of Republic Day Parade, is aimed at strengthening bilateral relations in the fields of agriculture, energy, and defence.

Bolsonaro was accompanied by a high-level delegation comprising several ministers, senior officials, chairman of Brazil-India Friendship Group in the Brazilian Parliament, and businessmen.

The second day of his visit is packed with several engagements, including his meeting with Prime Minister Narendra Modi, which will subsequently be followed by the exchange of agreements between India and Brazil in different fields.

Brazilian Ambassador to New Delhi Andre Aranha Correa do Lago had told ANI on Tuesday that the two countries would ink over 15 agreements and launch a plan of action for the strategic partnership during Bolsonaro's visit.

"We are going to exchange more than 15 agreements with the government and institutions. We are also going to launch a plan of action for our strategic partnership. We want to make our strategic partnership more dynamic. The plan of action will be launched by the two leaders (Prime Minister Narendra Modi and Bolsonaro)," the Ambassador had said.

Andre had also said that the focus of the visit would be on strengthening bilateral relationships in the fields of energy, agriculture, and defence.&nbsp;

Prime Minister Narendra Modi welcomed Brazilian President Jair Messias Bolsonaro, who arrived on Friday for his four-day visit to India. Prime Minister said that Bolsonaro's visit to India will add strength to India-Brazil relations.

Prime Minister Narendra Modi welcomed Brazilian President Jair Messias Bolsonaro, who arrived on Friday for his four-day visit to India. Prime Minister said that Bolsonaro's visit to India will add strength to India-Brazil relations. "A warm welcome to President Jair Messias Bolsonaro! We are delighted to host him and we look forward to his taking part in our Republic Day celebrations. His visit will add strength to India-Brazil relations," tweeted Prime Minister Modi. The visit of Brazilian President, who is the Chief Guest of Republic Day Parade, is aimed at strengthening bilateral relations in the fields of agriculture, energy, and defence. Bolsonaro was accompanied by a high-level delegation comprising several ministers, senior officials, chairman of Brazil-India Friendship Group in the Brazilian Parliament, and businessmen. The second day of his visit is packed with several engagements, including his meeting with Prime Minister Narendra Modi, which will subsequently be followed by the exchange of agreements between India and Brazil in different fields. Brazilian Ambassador to New Delhi Andre Aranha Correa do Lago had told ANI on Tuesday that the two countries would ink over 15 agreements and launch a plan of action for the strategic partnership during Bolsonaro's visit. "We are going to exchange more than 15 agreements with the government and institutions. We are also going to launch a plan of action for our strategic partnership. We want to make our strategic partnership more dynamic. The plan of action will be launched by the two leaders (Prime Minister Narendra Modi and Bolsonaro)," the Ambassador had said. Andre had also said that the focus of the visit would be on strengthening bilateral relationships in the fields of energy, agriculture, and defence.

PM Modi welcomes Brazilian President, says visit will strengthen India-Brazil relations

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