<p>Having travelled a distance of nearly 3.84 lakh kilometres over a period of 20 days in space, India's third Lunar spacecraft Chandrayaan-3 has been captured by the Lunar gravity. At present, the craft is circling the moon in a highly-elliptical orbit. In a circular orbit, a spacecraft constantly remains at a certain distance from the body that it is orbiting. However, in a highly elliptical orbit, the craft circles the celestial body (moon, in this case) where its distance from the body varies drastically.&nbsp;</p>

<p>It is a significant milestone for the Indian space programme, that all Indian Lunar crafts Chandrayaan-1 (2008), Chandrayaan-2 (2019) and the ongoing Chandrayaan-3, have flawlessly entered into an orbit around the moon.<br />
&nbsp;</p>

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<p dir="ltr" lang="en">Chandrayaan-3 Mission:<br />
“MOX, ISTRAC, this is Chandrayaan-3. I am feeling lunar gravity 🌖”<br />
🙂<br />
<br />
Chandrayaan-3 has been successfully inserted into the lunar orbit.<br />
<br />
A retro-burning at the Perilune was commanded from the Mission Operations Complex (MOX), ISTRAC, Bengaluru.<br />
<br />
The next… <a href="https://t.co/6T5acwiEGb">pic.twitter.com/6T5acwiEGb</a></p>
— ISRO (@isro) <a href="https://twitter.com/isro/status/1687829587018100736?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">August 5, 2023</a></blockquote>
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<p>“MOX, ISTRAC, this is Chandrayaan-3. I am feeling lunar gravity,” ISRO said on X, formerly known as Twitter, indicating that Chandrayaan-3 is under the moon's gravitational influence. Chandrayaan-3 has been successfully inserted into the lunar orbit, the Indian space agency added. The craft has been captured by Lunar gravity after it performed what is known as a Lunar Orbit Insertion manoeuvre.</p>

<p>"During the Lunar orbit insertion, the craft will reach the vicinity of the moon and within the Lunar gravitational influence. Thereafter, it would fire its on-board engines to slow itself down and get captured into Lunar orbit. Then, it would begin to circle the moon in a highly-elliptical orbit," Dr. Mylswamy Annadurai explained to WION. Having contributed majorly towards India's maiden Lunar mission Chandrayaan-1 as its Project Director, Dr. Annadurai earned the moniker 'Moon Man of India'. He had retired from ISRO as the Director of UR Rao Satellite Centre.</p>

<h2><strong>The journey so far...&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; </strong></h2>

<p>Chandrayaan-3 was launched on 14&nbsp;July from India's spaceport, Satish Dhawan Space Centre, Sriharikota. Sixteen minutes from the lift-off, the craft was placed in a highly elliptical orbit around the earth. Thereafter, by performing five engine burns, the craft raised its orbit on five occasions and slingshot itself further away from Earth, while continuing to remain in Earth's orbit.&nbsp;</p>

<p>In the intervening night of 31st July and 1st August, Chandrayaan-3 performed its Trans-Lunar injection burn. This was a long-duration firing of its engines and it pushed the craft out of Earth's gravitational pull and towards Lunar gravitational influence. "By firing its engines for the TLI, the craft gained departure velocity and set course from the earth orbit towards a location in the vicinity of the moon," Dr. Mylswamy Annadurai had told WION.&nbsp;</p>

<h2><strong>The journey ahead...&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;</strong></h2>

<p>ISRO has said that the craft's next operation would be the maiden reduction of orbit around the moon. It is scheduled for August 6th 2023, around 23:00hrs IST, ISRO said. Just like ISRO slingshot the craft away from earth by performing multiple engine firings, the same process would be carried out for the reverse effect. Engine firings would be done to bring the craft closer to the lunar surface and eventually into a circular orbit around the moon.&nbsp;</p>

<p>"When the lander separates from the propulsion module, the craft will be in a 100x100kms circular orbit around the moon. The craft would be in that orbit for 4-5 days and we would use that period to test the crucial systems, sensors that would be used for the lunar landing (because, this is the first time we would be testing them in space)." M.Sankaran, Director of ISRO's UR Rao satellite Centre, had told WION.</p>

<p>Thereafter, the craft would be brought to 100x30kms orbit and then a process of Rough braking, Attitude hold, Fine braking, velocity reduction would be carried out, in the run-up to the lunar landing. ISRO has planned the Lunar landing at 5:47 pm Indian Standard Time, on 23rd August.</p>

<h2><strong>Objectives of Chandrayaan-3...&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;</strong></h2>

<p>India's 3rd Lunar spacecraft comprises a propulsion module, lander and rover. The combined mass of them is 3.9 tonnes. The key goal of the craft is to perform a lunar soft-landing and perform in-situ analysis near 70 degrees latitude of the Lunar surface. The mission is expected to last 14 earth days or one lunar day, during which the six-wheeled rover and the lander will perform their respective experiments.&nbsp;<br />
<br />
&nbsp;</p>

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Having travelled a distance of nearly 3.84 lakh kilometres over a period of 20 days in space, India's third Lunar spacecraft Chandrayaan-3 has been captured by the Lunar gravity.

Having travelled a distance of nearly 3.84 lakh kilometres over a period of 20 days in space, India's third Lunar spacecraft Chandrayaan-3 has been captured by the Lunar gravity. At present, the craft is circling the moon in a highly-elliptical orbit. In a circular orbit, a spacecraft constantly remains at a certain distance from the body that it is orbiting. However, in a highly elliptical orbit, the craft circles the celestial body (moon, in this case) where its distance from the body varies drastically. It is a significant milestone for the Indian space programme, that all Indian Lunar crafts Chandrayaan-1 (2008), Chandrayaan-2 (2019) and the ongoing Chandrayaan-3, have flawlessly entered into an orbit around the moon. Chandrayaan-3 Mission: “MOX, ISTRAC, this is Chandrayaan-3. I am feeling lunar gravity 🌖” 🙂 Chandrayaan-3 has been successfully inserted into the lunar orbit. A retro-burning at the Perilune was commanded from the Mission Operations Complex (MOX), ISTRAC, Bengaluru. The next… pic.twitter.com/6T5acwiEGb — ISRO (@isro) August 5, 2023 × “MOX, ISTRAC, this is Chandrayaan-3. I am feeling lunar gravity,” ISRO said on X, formerly known as Twitter, indicating that Chandrayaan-3 is under the moon's gravitational influence. Chandrayaan-3 has been successfully inserted into the lunar orbit, the Indian space agency added. The craft has been captured by Lunar gravity after it performed what is known as a Lunar Orbit Insertion manoeuvre. "During the Lunar orbit insertion, the craft will reach the vicinity of the moon and within the Lunar gravitational influence. Thereafter, it would fire its on-board engines to slow itself down and get captured into Lunar orbit. Then, it would begin to circle the moon in a highly-elliptical orbit," Dr. Mylswamy Annadurai explained to WION. Having contributed majorly towards India's maiden Lunar mission Chandrayaan-1 as its Project Director, Dr. Annadurai earned the moniker 'Moon Man of India'. He had retired from ISRO as the Director of UR Rao Satellite Centre. The journey so far... Chandrayaan-3 was launched on 14 July from India's spaceport, Satish Dhawan Space Centre, Sriharikota. Sixteen minutes from the lift-off, the craft was placed in a highly elliptical orbit around the earth. Thereafter, by performing five engine burns, the craft raised its orbit on five occasions and slingshot itself further away from Earth, while continuing to remain in Earth's orbit. In the intervening night of 31st July and 1st August, Chandrayaan-3 performed its Trans-Lunar injection burn. This was a long-duration firing of its engines and it pushed the craft out of Earth's gravitational pull and towards Lunar gravitational influence. "By firing its engines for the TLI, the craft gained departure velocity and set course from the earth orbit towards a location in the vicinity of the moon," Dr. Mylswamy Annadurai had told WION. The journey ahead... ISRO has said that the craft's next operation would be the maiden reduction of orbit around the moon. It is scheduled for August 6th 2023, around 23:00hrs IST, ISRO said. Just like ISRO slingshot the craft away from earth by performing multiple engine firings, the same process would be carried out for the reverse effect. Engine firings would be done to bring the craft closer to the lunar surface and eventually into a circular orbit around the moon. "When the lander separates from the propulsion module, the craft will be in a 100x100kms circular orbit around the moon. The craft would be in that orbit for 4-5 days and we would use that period to test the crucial systems, sensors that would be used for the lunar landing (because, this is the first time we would be testing them in space)." M.Sankaran, Director of ISRO's UR Rao satellite Centre, had told WION. Thereafter, the craft would be brought to 100x30kms orbit and then a process of Rough braking, Attitude hold, Fine braking, velocity reduction would be carried out, in the run-up to the lunar landing. ISRO has planned the Lunar landing at 5:47 pm Indian Standard Time, on 23rd August. Objectives of Chandrayaan-3... India's 3rd Lunar spacecraft comprises a propulsion module, lander and rover. The combined mass of them is 3.9 tonnes. The key goal of the craft is to perform a lunar soft-landing and perform in-situ analysis near 70 degrees latitude of the Lunar surface. The mission is expected to last 14 earth days or one lunar day, during which the six-wheeled rover and the lander will perform their respective experiments. WATCH WION LIVE HERE You can now write for wionews.com and be a part of the community. Share your stories and opinions with us here.

With Chandrayaan-3 entering Lunar orbit, all Indian Lunar crafts have circled the moon

<p>India's third Lunar spacecraft Chandrayaan-3 has covered 2/3rd the distance to the moon and is expected to be captured by the Lunar gravitational influence by 7:00pm (IST), Saturday evening. The next crucial manoeuvre for the craft will be a Lunar Orbit Insertion, where the craft gets captured by Lunar gravitational influence and begins to orbit the moon. "The (Chandrayaan-3) spacecraft has covered about two-thirds of the distance to the moon. Lunar Orbit Injection (LOI) set for Aug 5, 2023, around 19:00 Hrs. IST," ISRO tweeted.&nbsp;</p>

<p>In the late hours of July 31st, the craft performed Trans-Lunar injection (TLI), a long-duration firing of its engines and began a journey that pushed it out of Earth's gravitational influence and towards Lunar gravitational influence. "By firing its engines for the TLI, the craft gained departure velocity and set course from the earth orbit towards a location in the vicinity of the moon. At present, the craft is travelling from Earth to the vicinity of the moon and at the designated time it will rendezvous with the moon," Dr Mylswamy Annadurai (Retd), Former Director of India's UR Rao Satellite Centre, told WION.&nbsp;</p>

<p><strong>Also read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/spacecraft-mission-operations-the-science-thats-steering-chandrayaan-3-to-the-moon-622124">Explained | Spacecraft Mission Operations, the science that's steering Chandrayaan-3 to the Moon</a>&nbsp;</strong></p>

<p>Explaining the upcoming Lunar Orbit insertion, he said, "During the Lunar orbit insertion, the craft will reach the vicinity of the moon and within the Lunar gravitational influence. Thereafter, it would fire its onboard engines to slow itself down and get captured into Lunar orbit. Then, it would begin to circle the moon in a highly-elliptical orbit". Having contributed majorly towards India's maiden Lunar mission Chandrayaan-1, as its Project Director, Dr Annadurai earned the moniker 'Moon Man of India'.&nbsp;</p>

<p>Initially, to escape from Earth orbit, Chandrayaan-3 sequentially slingshot itself into orbits farther and farther from the Earth and eventually performed the TLI burn. After being captured in Lunar orbit on Saturday, the craft would perform engine burns that would get it into orbits that gradually move closer to the moon. This is a process followed in preparation for the eventual Lunar soft-landing that ISRO has planned for 23rd August at 5:47pm (IST) Indian standard time.&nbsp;</p>

<p><strong>Also read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/what-is-lunar-codex-unique-project-sending-digitised-work-of-30000-artists-on-moon-621629">What is Lunar Codex? Unique project sending digitised work of 30,000 artists to moon</a>&nbsp;</strong></p>

<p>Chandrayaan-3 is expected to make a soft landing near the Lunar south pole at around 70 degrees latitude. Performing a successful Lunar soft landing would make India the fourth nation to do so, after Russia, the USA and China. The 3.9ton Lunar spacecraft was launched into earth orbit on 14th July, by India's heaviest rocket LVM3 and marked the seventh successive successful flight of the rocket. The Chandrayaan-3 Lunar lander (including rover) weighs 1750kgs, whereas the rover weighs 26kgs. The Chandrayaan-3 spacecraft carries a total of six payloads that are mounted on the propulsion module, the lander and the rover.</p>

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India's third Lunar spacecraft Chandrayaan-3 has covered 2/3rd the distance to the moon and is expected to be captured by the Lunar gravitational influence by 7:00pm (IST), Saturday evening.

India's third Lunar spacecraft Chandrayaan-3 has covered 2/3rd the distance to the moon and is expected to be captured by the Lunar gravitational influence by 7:00pm (IST), Saturday evening. The next crucial manoeuvre for the craft will be a Lunar Orbit Insertion, where the craft gets captured by Lunar gravitational influence and begins to orbit the moon. "The (Chandrayaan-3) spacecraft has covered about two-thirds of the distance to the moon. Lunar Orbit Injection (LOI) set for Aug 5, 2023, around 19:00 Hrs. IST," ISRO tweeted. In the late hours of July 31st, the craft performed Trans-Lunar injection (TLI), a long-duration firing of its engines and began a journey that pushed it out of Earth's gravitational influence and towards Lunar gravitational influence. "By firing its engines for the TLI, the craft gained departure velocity and set course from the earth orbit towards a location in the vicinity of the moon. At present, the craft is travelling from Earth to the vicinity of the moon and at the designated time it will rendezvous with the moon," Dr Mylswamy Annadurai (Retd), Former Director of India's UR Rao Satellite Centre, told WION. Also read: Explained | Spacecraft Mission Operations, the science that's steering Chandrayaan-3 to the Moon Explaining the upcoming Lunar Orbit insertion, he said, "During the Lunar orbit insertion, the craft will reach the vicinity of the moon and within the Lunar gravitational influence. Thereafter, it would fire its onboard engines to slow itself down and get captured into Lunar orbit. Then, it would begin to circle the moon in a highly-elliptical orbit". Having contributed majorly towards India's maiden Lunar mission Chandrayaan-1, as its Project Director, Dr Annadurai earned the moniker 'Moon Man of India'. Initially, to escape from Earth orbit, Chandrayaan-3 sequentially slingshot itself into orbits farther and farther from the Earth and eventually performed the TLI burn. After being captured in Lunar orbit on Saturday, the craft would perform engine burns that would get it into orbits that gradually move closer to the moon. This is a process followed in preparation for the eventual Lunar soft-landing that ISRO has planned for 23rd August at 5:47pm (IST) Indian standard time. Also read: What is Lunar Codex? Unique project sending digitised work of 30,000 artists to moon Chandrayaan-3 is expected to make a soft landing near the Lunar south pole at around 70 degrees latitude. Performing a successful Lunar soft landing would make India the fourth nation to do so, after Russia, the USA and China. The 3.9ton Lunar spacecraft was launched into earth orbit on 14th July, by India's heaviest rocket LVM3 and marked the seventh successive successful flight of the rocket. The Chandrayaan-3 Lunar lander (including rover) weighs 1750kgs, whereas the rover weighs 26kgs. The Chandrayaan-3 spacecraft carries a total of six payloads that are mounted on the propulsion module, the lander and the rover. WATCH WION LIVE HERE You can now write for wionews.com and be a part of the community. Share your stories and opinions with us here.

Chandrayaan-3 in final approach to lunar orbit, covers two-third distance to Moon

<p>"How is Chandrayaan-3 getting to the moon?" Most people posed with this question would reply that the Chandrayaan-3 spacecraft was launched into space by the Indian LVM3 rocket and thereafter the craft is propelling its way to the moon.&nbsp;<br />
<br />
Of course, the launch of a rocket is the most spectacular moment of any spacefaring mission - it makes great visuals for television and social media, and the engine roar of the rocket is a certain goosebumps moment. However, a rocket launch mission (from lift-off to satellite injection) barely lasts 20 minutes (in the case of Chandrayaan-3 it was 16 minutes). So, how does the spacecraft safely and efficiently get to the moon in the six weeks that it travels in space? That's where a lesser-known science, 'Spacecraft Mission Operations' comes into play. The teams working on Spacecraft Mission Operations are the ones who remotely monitor, control and keep the spacecraft operational.</p>

<h2><strong>Mission planning</strong></h2>

<p>Think of it as planning a business trip by road. A whole variety of aspects need to be factored in - when to reach, when to leave, the route to take, backup plans etc. Planning a space mission is quite similar but with exponentially higher levels of complexity and no tolerance for errors. If the primary plans fail, there are multiple backup plans kept in place.&nbsp;</p>

<p>When Chandrayaan-3 was launched on July 14th, the vehicle lifted off at 2:35pm (IST) and on the same afternoon, ISRO announced that the Lunar landing is scheduled for 5:47pm (IST) on August 23. This indicates that the entire 40-day journey to the moon and the manoeuvres to be performed in between are planned well in advance, and they are precisely charted on a minute-to-minute basis.&nbsp;</p>

<p>While planning such missions, a whole variety of factors are taken into consideration. There is an entire branch of space science known as 'Orbital Mechanics' that is used to determine what is known as a 'Launch window', a period of time within which a certain launch must happen. Launch windows depend on a plethora of factors - place of launch, type of orbit intended, final destination, whether it is headed for another planet, number of satellites being carried, the time of the year, the position of the relevant celestial bodies and also near-nil risk of space debris.&nbsp;</p>

<h2><strong>Mission Operations</strong></h2>

<p>In a layman's view, a rocket launch mission is considered successful if the satellite is injected into its orbit. However, that is just the beginning of the constant process of mission monitoring, where various aspects of the spacecraft's health and performance have to be kept track of. For a spacecraft to work properly and safely, it has to be able to generate its own power, its antennae have to be positioned towards the earth, its systems and sensors must be functional, it must be kept clear of space debris, it must be kept safe from solar storms etc. From the time a satellite is placed in orbit, till the time its operational life ends (or it is disposed by de-orbiting), a spacecraft is constantly monitored.</p>

<h2><strong>Tracking, Telemetry and Command</strong></h2>

<p>It is one thing to launch rockets and spacecraft away from the Earth, but the purpose of the mission is fulfilled only if there is a constant communication link between the ground stations and the spacefaring rocket and spacecraft. Simply put, tracking and telemetry serve as the eyes and ears of any space agency. Using giant antennae positioned at various locations, it is possible to locate the craft, communicate with it, receive the data being shared by the craft and even issue commands to the craft.&nbsp;</p>

<p>During its time in orbit around the earth, Chandrayaan-3 was commanded to perform five Orbit Raising manoeuvres, each of which slingshot it further away from the earth. Most recently (on August 1st), Chandrayaan-3 was pushed outside of Earth's orbit and put on a path that will lead it to rendezvous with the moon on August 5th. All of these manoeuvres performed by the craft are based on commands that are issued from the ground stations that ISRO operates.&nbsp;</p>

<p>ISRO Telemetry, Tracking and Command Network (ISTRAC), Bengaluru handles the major responsibility to provide tracking support for all the satellite and launch vehicle missions of ISRO. The major objectives of the centre are to carrying out mission operations of all operational remote sensing and scientific satellites, providing Telemetry, Tracking and Command (TTC) services from launch vehicle lift-off, till injection of the satellite into orbit and to estimate its preliminary orbit in space etc. In this endeavour, ISTRAC is supported by ISRO's Indian Deep Space Network, Karnataka.</p>

<h2><strong>Tracking Deep Space missions: An international collaborative effort</strong></h2>

<p>However large and capable, all radars and communication antennae have a specific range within which they can track and communicate. When tracking a rocket launch, tracking a global constellation of satellites or tracking deep space missions (interplanetary or Lunar missions), an extremely wide coverage of antennae from various locations are required. Such antennae and related infrastructure have to be installed at multiple locations and can cost huge sums of money.&nbsp;</p>

<p>ISRO's ISTRAC has established a network of ground stations at Bengaluru, Lucknow, Mauritius, Sriharikota, Port Blair, and Thiruvananthapuram, within India. Brunei, Biak (Indonesia) are the friendly-foreign nations where ISTRAC operates its overseas facilities. However, when a spacecraft like Chandrayaan-3 circles the earth and travels farther (the moon is 3.84lakh kms away), it is imperative to have a global network of stations that can offer tracking support.&nbsp;</p>

<p>As part of ISRO's International cooperation with major space agencies, multiple tracking stations belonging to NASA, the European space agency and Swedish Space Corporation are tracking Chandrayaan-3 from around the world. These include South Point Satellite Station in Hawaii, Goldstone in California, Kourou in South America (French Guiana), Madrid in Spain, Goonhilly in the UK and Canberra in Australia. The constant tracking from Indian and foreign stations ensures that India's Chandrayaan-3 spacecraft is visible to one or more stations at a time and can be monitored and safely steered towards the moon.&nbsp;</p>

<p>On August 23rd, at 5:43pm (IST), when the Lunar soft-landing of Chandrayaan-3 is planned, all eyes would be on ISTRAC in Bengaluru, as the station coordinates with its foreign collaborators to monitor the craft's all-important touchdown on Lunar soil.&nbsp;</p>

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"How is Chandrayaan-3 getting to the moon?" Most people posed with this question would reply that the Chandrayaan-3 spacecraft was launched into space by the Indian LVM3 rocket and thereafter the craft is propelling its way to the moon.

"How is Chandrayaan-3 getting to the moon?" Most people posed with this question would reply that the Chandrayaan-3 spacecraft was launched into space by the Indian LVM3 rocket and thereafter the craft is propelling its way to the moon. Of course, the launch of a rocket is the most spectacular moment of any spacefaring mission - it makes great visuals for television and social media, and the engine roar of the rocket is a certain goosebumps moment. However, a rocket launch mission (from lift-off to satellite injection) barely lasts 20 minutes (in the case of Chandrayaan-3 it was 16 minutes). So, how does the spacecraft safely and efficiently get to the moon in the six weeks that it travels in space? That's where a lesser-known science, 'Spacecraft Mission Operations' comes into play. The teams working on Spacecraft Mission Operations are the ones who remotely monitor, control and keep the spacecraft operational. Mission planning Think of it as planning a business trip by road. A whole variety of aspects need to be factored in - when to reach, when to leave, the route to take, backup plans etc. Planning a space mission is quite similar but with exponentially higher levels of complexity and no tolerance for errors. If the primary plans fail, there are multiple backup plans kept in place. When Chandrayaan-3 was launched on July 14th, the vehicle lifted off at 2:35pm (IST) and on the same afternoon, ISRO announced that the Lunar landing is scheduled for 5:47pm (IST) on August 23. This indicates that the entire 40-day journey to the moon and the manoeuvres to be performed in between are planned well in advance, and they are precisely charted on a minute-to-minute basis. While planning such missions, a whole variety of factors are taken into consideration. There is an entire branch of space science known as 'Orbital Mechanics' that is used to determine what is known as a 'Launch window', a period of time within which a certain launch must happen. Launch windows depend on a plethora of factors - place of launch, type of orbit intended, final destination, whether it is headed for another planet, number of satellites being carried, the time of the year, the position of the relevant celestial bodies and also near-nil risk of space debris. Mission Operations In a layman's view, a rocket launch mission is considered successful if the satellite is injected into its orbit. However, that is just the beginning of the constant process of mission monitoring, where various aspects of the spacecraft's health and performance have to be kept track of. For a spacecraft to work properly and safely, it has to be able to generate its own power, its antennae have to be positioned towards the earth, its systems and sensors must be functional, it must be kept clear of space debris, it must be kept safe from solar storms etc. From the time a satellite is placed in orbit, till the time its operational life ends (or it is disposed by de-orbiting), a spacecraft is constantly monitored. Tracking, Telemetry and Command It is one thing to launch rockets and spacecraft away from the Earth, but the purpose of the mission is fulfilled only if there is a constant communication link between the ground stations and the spacefaring rocket and spacecraft. Simply put, tracking and telemetry serve as the eyes and ears of any space agency. Using giant antennae positioned at various locations, it is possible to locate the craft, communicate with it, receive the data being shared by the craft and even issue commands to the craft. During its time in orbit around the earth, Chandrayaan-3 was commanded to perform five Orbit Raising manoeuvres, each of which slingshot it further away from the earth. Most recently (on August 1st), Chandrayaan-3 was pushed outside of Earth's orbit and put on a path that will lead it to rendezvous with the moon on August 5th. All of these manoeuvres performed by the craft are based on commands that are issued from the ground stations that ISRO operates. ISRO Telemetry, Tracking and Command Network (ISTRAC), Bengaluru handles the major responsibility to provide tracking support for all the satellite and launch vehicle missions of ISRO. The major objectives of the centre are to carrying out mission operations of all operational remote sensing and scientific satellites, providing Telemetry, Tracking and Command (TTC) services from launch vehicle lift-off, till injection of the satellite into orbit and to estimate its preliminary orbit in space etc. In this endeavour, ISTRAC is supported by ISRO's Indian Deep Space Network, Karnataka. Tracking Deep Space missions: An international collaborative effort However large and capable, all radars and communication antennae have a specific range within which they can track and communicate. When tracking a rocket launch, tracking a global constellation of satellites or tracking deep space missions (interplanetary or Lunar missions), an extremely wide coverage of antennae from various locations are required. Such antennae and related infrastructure have to be installed at multiple locations and can cost huge sums of money. ISRO's ISTRAC has established a network of ground stations at Bengaluru, Lucknow, Mauritius, Sriharikota, Port Blair, and Thiruvananthapuram, within India. Brunei, Biak (Indonesia) are the friendly-foreign nations where ISTRAC operates its overseas facilities. However, when a spacecraft like Chandrayaan-3 circles the earth and travels farther (the moon is 3.84lakh kms away), it is imperative to have a global network of stations that can offer tracking support. As part of ISRO's International cooperation with major space agencies, multiple tracking stations belonging to NASA, the European space agency and Swedish Space Corporation are tracking Chandrayaan-3 from around the world. These include South Point Satellite Station in Hawaii, Goldstone in California, Kourou in South America (French Guiana), Madrid in Spain, Goonhilly in the UK and Canberra in Australia. The constant tracking from Indian and foreign stations ensures that India's Chandrayaan-3 spacecraft is visible to one or more stations at a time and can be monitored and safely steered towards the moon. On August 23rd, at 5:43pm (IST), when the Lunar soft-landing of Chandrayaan-3 is planned, all eyes would be on ISTRAC in Bengaluru, as the station coordinates with its foreign collaborators to monitor the craft's all-important touchdown on Lunar soil. WATCH WION LIVE HERE You can now write for wionews.com and be a part of the community. Share your stories and opinions with us here.

Explained | Spacecraft Mission Operations, the science that's steering Chandrayaan-3 to the Moon

<p>After spending 17 days in orbit around the Earth, India's third Lunar spacecraft Chandrayaan-3 is prepared to bid goodbye to its orbit around the home planet and set course for its destination - Earth's Moon. By performing a Trans-Lunar Injection(TLI), a long duration burn of its engines (around 20 minutes), Chandrayaan-3 will completely slingshot itself out of earth's orbit and influence, thereby putting it on a path that will eventually lead it to the moon. This crucial manoeuvre is expected to be performed on the intervening night of Monday and Tuesday (31st July and 1st August) between midnight hour and 1:00 am (IST).</p>

<p>So far, during its orbit around the earth, as per commands from ISRO's tracking, telemetry and command facility (ISTRAC), the spacecraft fired its onboard engines on five pre-planned occasions. During each of these engine firings, the craft slingshot itself into a higher orbit and moved further away from the Earth.&nbsp;</p>

<p>To get its spacecraft to destinations far away from the Earth (Moon, Mars etc), the Indian space agency has been using the Slingshot method, scientifically known as Hohmann Transfer Orbits. This is an energy-efficient technique to get a spacecraft to its destination, in the absence of powerful and heavy-lifting rockets. With extremely powerful rockets(such as America's Space Launch System), it is possible to propel a massive craft (weighing close to 40 tonnes) to the moon in less than a week. Given that India's LVM3 rocket has around only a fraction of the lifting power of global super-heavy rockets, the Indian space agency is using a time-consuming method (which takes more than a month) to get its 3.9-tonne craft to the moon, using available resources.&nbsp;</p>

<p>Having heavier and more powerful rockets means the ability to carry&nbsp;more capable spacecraft. The combination of heavy rockets and heavy spacecraft will ensure that the craft is able to develop the velocity and departure energy required to rapidly exit the earth's influence and set course for the moon (Trans Lunar Injection).&nbsp;</p>

<p>Once the TLI burn is complete, the craft will travel around five days to reach a pre-determined point in space, where the moon will also be at the time. Remember, the moon is also circling the earth and the spacecraft is also circling the earth, so the craft and the moon will have to meet at a certain ideal time and place. Once that meeting happens, the craft will be captured by the moon's gravity and it would begin to orbit the moon.&nbsp;</p>

<p>Thereafter, during the ideal time and day, the Lunar craft is allowed to de-boost itself and progressively get closer to the moon's surface, slow itself down gradually and prepare for a lunar landing. ISRO has planned Chandrayaan-3's Lunar landing for&nbsp;5:47 pm (IST) on August 23.&nbsp;</p>

<p>With a mission life of one Lunar day (14 Earth days), Chandrayaan-3 is meant to land near the Lunar south pole (approximately at 80 degrees latitude).</p>

<p>The mission's 'Vikram' lander must touch down on the Lunar surface at the start of the Lunar day in order to make use of available sunlight (using solar panels and batteries) and operate its science payloads, sensors, gather data and communicate it back to earth. ISRO's Lunar spacecraft is meant to land a few hundred kilometres away from the Lunar south pole. The Lunar south pole is a region that has largely remained unexplored, owing to the near-nil sunlight illumination there. It is believed that many mysteries of the moon could be unravelled by performing in-situ probing of this region.&nbsp;</p>

<p><strong>WATCH WION LIVE HERE</strong></p>

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After spending 17 days in orbit around the Earth, India's third Lunar spacecraft Chandrayaan-3 is prepared to bid goodbye to its orbit around the home planet and set course for its destination - Earth's Moon.

After spending 17 days in orbit around the Earth, India's third Lunar spacecraft Chandrayaan-3 is prepared to bid goodbye to its orbit around the home planet and set course for its destination - Earth's Moon. By performing a Trans-Lunar Injection(TLI), a long duration burn of its engines (around 20 minutes), Chandrayaan-3 will completely slingshot itself out of earth's orbit and influence, thereby putting it on a path that will eventually lead it to the moon. This crucial manoeuvre is expected to be performed on the intervening night of Monday and Tuesday (31st July and 1st August) between midnight hour and 1:00 am (IST). So far, during its orbit around the earth, as per commands from ISRO's tracking, telemetry and command facility (ISTRAC), the spacecraft fired its onboard engines on five pre-planned occasions. During each of these engine firings, the craft slingshot itself into a higher orbit and moved further away from the Earth. To get its spacecraft to destinations far away from the Earth (Moon, Mars etc), the Indian space agency has been using the Slingshot method, scientifically known as Hohmann Transfer Orbits. This is an energy-efficient technique to get a spacecraft to its destination, in the absence of powerful and heavy-lifting rockets. With extremely powerful rockets(such as America's Space Launch System), it is possible to propel a massive craft (weighing close to 40 tonnes) to the moon in less than a week. Given that India's LVM3 rocket has around only a fraction of the lifting power of global super-heavy rockets, the Indian space agency is using a time-consuming method (which takes more than a month) to get its 3.9-tonne craft to the moon, using available resources. Having heavier and more powerful rockets means the ability to carry more capable spacecraft. The combination of heavy rockets and heavy spacecraft will ensure that the craft is able to develop the velocity and departure energy required to rapidly exit the earth's influence and set course for the moon (Trans Lunar Injection). Once the TLI burn is complete, the craft will travel around five days to reach a pre-determined point in space, where the moon will also be at the time. Remember, the moon is also circling the earth and the spacecraft is also circling the earth, so the craft and the moon will have to meet at a certain ideal time and place. Once that meeting happens, the craft will be captured by the moon's gravity and it would begin to orbit the moon. Thereafter, during the ideal time and day, the Lunar craft is allowed to de-boost itself and progressively get closer to the moon's surface, slow itself down gradually and prepare for a lunar landing. ISRO has planned Chandrayaan-3's Lunar landing for 5:47 pm (IST) on August 23. With a mission life of one Lunar day (14 Earth days), Chandrayaan-3 is meant to land near the Lunar south pole (approximately at 80 degrees latitude). The mission's 'Vikram' lander must touch down on the Lunar surface at the start of the Lunar day in order to make use of available sunlight (using solar panels and batteries) and operate its science payloads, sensors, gather data and communicate it back to earth. ISRO's Lunar spacecraft is meant to land a few hundred kilometres away from the Lunar south pole. The Lunar south pole is a region that has largely remained unexplored, owing to the near-nil sunlight illumination there. It is believed that many mysteries of the moon could be unravelled by performing in-situ probing of this region. WATCH WION LIVE HERE You can now write for wionews.com and be a part of the community. Share your stories and opinions with us here.

Chandrayaan-3 craft to slingshot itself out of Earth's influence, set course for Lunar capture

<p>After spending 17 days in orbit around the Earth, India's third lunar spacecraft Chandrayaan-3 has bid goodbye to its orbit around the home planet and set course for its destination - Earth's Moon. By performing a Trans-Lunar Injection (TLI), a long-duration burn of its engines (around 20 minutes), Chandrayaan-3 has completely slingshot itself out of Earth'sorbit and influence, thereby putting it on a path that will eventually lead it to the moon.</p>

<p>This crucial manoeuvre has been performed on the intervening night of Monday and Tuesday (31 July and 1 August between midnight hour and 1 am Indian Standard Time).&nbsp;</p>

<p>"Chandrayaan-3 completes its orbits around the Earth and heads towards the Moon. A successful perigee-firing performed at ISTRAC, ISRO has injected the spacecraft into the translunar orbit. Next stop: the Moon. As it arrives at the moon, the Lunar-Orbit Insertion (LOI) is planned for Aug 5, 2023," the Indian space agency posted on X, formerly known as Twitter at 00:32 hrs on 1 August, Indian Standard Time.</p>

<p>So far, during its orbit around the earth, as per commands from ISRO's tracking, telemetry and command facility (ISTRAC), the spacecraft fired its onboard engines on five pre-planned occasions. During each of these engine firings, the craft slingshot itself into a higher orbit and moved further away from the Earth. But now, the craft has exited the earth's influence and set course for the moon.</p>

<p>To get its spacecraft to destinations far away from the Earth (Moon, Mars), the Indian space agency has been using the Slingshot method, scientifically known as Hohmann Transfer Orbits. This is an energy-efficient technique to get a spacecraft to its destination, in the absence of powerful and heavy-lifting rockets.</p>

<p>With extremely powerful rockets (such as America's Space Launch System), it is possible to propel a massive craft(weighing close to 40 tonnes) to the moon in less than a week. Given that India's LVM3 rocket has around only a fraction of the lifting power of global super-heavy rockets, the Indian space agency is using a time-consuming method (which takes more than a month) to get its 3.9-tonne craft to the moon, using available resources.&nbsp;</p>

<p>Having heavier and more powerful rockets offers the performance to carry heavy and more capable spacecraft. The combination of heavy rockets and heavy spacecraft will ensure that the craft is able to develop the velocity and departure energy required to rapidly exit the earth's influence and set course for the moon(Trans Lunar Injection).&nbsp;</p>

<p>Here on, the craft will travel around five days to reach a pre-determined point in space, where the moon will also be at the time. Remember, the moon is also circling the earth and the spacecraft is also circling the earth, so the craft and the moon will have to meet at a certain ideal time and place. Once that meeting happens, the craft will be captured by the moon's gravity and it would begin to orbit the moon.&nbsp;</p>

<p>Thereafter, during the ideal time and day, the lunar craft is allowed to de-boost itself and progressively get closer to the moon's surface, slow itself down gradually and prepare for a lunar landing. ISRO has planned Chandrayaan-3's lunar landing at 5:47 pm Indian Standard Time on 23rd August.&nbsp;</p>

<p><a href="https://www.wionews.com/videos/all-about-chandrayaan-3-mission-616153"><strong>Watch |&nbsp;All about Chandrayaan-3 mission</strong></a></p>

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<p>With a mission life of one lunar day (14 Earth days), Chandrayaan-3 is meant to land near the Lunar south pole(approximately at 80 degrees latitude).</p>

<p>It is imperative for the mission's 'Vikram' lander to touch down on the Lunar surface at the start of the Lunar day, in order to make use of available sunlight(using solar panels &amp; batteries) and operate its science payloads, sensors, gather data and communicate it back to earth.</p>

<p>ISRO's Lunar spacecraft is meant to land a few hundred kilometres away from the Lunar south pole. The Lunar south pole is a region that has largely remained unexplored, owing to the near-nil sunlight illumination there. It is believed that many mysteries of the moon could be unravelled by performing in-situ probing of this region.&nbsp;</p>

<p><strong>WATCH WION LIVE HERE:&nbsp;</strong></p>

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After spending 17 days in orbit around the Earth, India's third lunar spacecraft Chandrayaan-3 has bid goodbye to its orbit around the home planet and set course for its destination - Earth's Moon.

After spending 17 days in orbit around the Earth, India's third lunar spacecraft Chandrayaan-3 has bid goodbye to its orbit around the home planet and set course for its destination - Earth's Moon. By performing a Trans-Lunar Injection (TLI), a long-duration burn of its engines (around 20 minutes), Chandrayaan-3 has completely slingshot itself out of Earth'sorbit and influence, thereby putting it on a path that will eventually lead it to the moon. This crucial manoeuvre has been performed on the intervening night of Monday and Tuesday (31 July and 1 August between midnight hour and 1 am Indian Standard Time). "Chandrayaan-3 completes its orbits around the Earth and heads towards the Moon. A successful perigee-firing performed at ISTRAC, ISRO has injected the spacecraft into the translunar orbit. Next stop: the Moon. As it arrives at the moon, the Lunar-Orbit Insertion (LOI) is planned for Aug 5, 2023," the Indian space agency posted on X, formerly known as Twitter at 00:32 hrs on 1 August, Indian Standard Time. So far, during its orbit around the earth, as per commands from ISRO's tracking, telemetry and command facility (ISTRAC), the spacecraft fired its onboard engines on five pre-planned occasions. During each of these engine firings, the craft slingshot itself into a higher orbit and moved further away from the Earth. But now, the craft has exited the earth's influence and set course for the moon. To get its spacecraft to destinations far away from the Earth (Moon, Mars), the Indian space agency has been using the Slingshot method, scientifically known as Hohmann Transfer Orbits. This is an energy-efficient technique to get a spacecraft to its destination, in the absence of powerful and heavy-lifting rockets. With extremely powerful rockets (such as America's Space Launch System), it is possible to propel a massive craft(weighing close to 40 tonnes) to the moon in less than a week. Given that India's LVM3 rocket has around only a fraction of the lifting power of global super-heavy rockets, the Indian space agency is using a time-consuming method (which takes more than a month) to get its 3.9-tonne craft to the moon, using available resources. Having heavier and more powerful rockets offers the performance to carry heavy and more capable spacecraft. The combination of heavy rockets and heavy spacecraft will ensure that the craft is able to develop the velocity and departure energy required to rapidly exit the earth's influence and set course for the moon(Trans Lunar Injection). Here on, the craft will travel around five days to reach a pre-determined point in space, where the moon will also be at the time. Remember, the moon is also circling the earth and the spacecraft is also circling the earth, so the craft and the moon will have to meet at a certain ideal time and place. Once that meeting happens, the craft will be captured by the moon's gravity and it would begin to orbit the moon. Thereafter, during the ideal time and day, the lunar craft is allowed to de-boost itself and progressively get closer to the moon's surface, slow itself down gradually and prepare for a lunar landing. ISRO has planned Chandrayaan-3's lunar landing at 5:47 pm Indian Standard Time on 23rd August. Watch | All about Chandrayaan-3 mission × With a mission life of one lunar day (14 Earth days), Chandrayaan-3 is meant to land near the Lunar south pole(approximately at 80 degrees latitude). It is imperative for the mission's 'Vikram' lander to touch down on the Lunar surface at the start of the Lunar day, in order to make use of available sunlight(using solar panels & batteries) and operate its science payloads, sensors, gather data and communicate it back to earth. ISRO's Lunar spacecraft is meant to land a few hundred kilometres away from the Lunar south pole. The Lunar south pole is a region that has largely remained unexplored, owing to the near-nil sunlight illumination there. It is believed that many mysteries of the moon could be unravelled by performing in-situ probing of this region. WATCH WION LIVE HERE:

Chandrayaan-3 leaves Earth's influence after 17 days in orbit. Next stop: Moon

<p>Senior Officials from Taiwanese electronics contract-manufacturing firm Hon Hai Technology Group&nbsp;(Foxconn) met the Chief Minister of the Southern Indian state of Tamil Nadu and inked a pact to set up a $200mn facility. With the potential to create 6,000 jobs, this facility is expected to come up in the Kanchipuram district, near the capital city of Chennai.&nbsp;Foxconn Group Chairman Young Liu met Tamil Nadu Chief Minister MK Stalin and senior government officials&nbsp;regarding this deal.&nbsp;</p>

<p>The Letter of Intent (LoI) inked by Foxconn and Guidance Tamil Nadu (the state Government's nodal agency for investment promotion), is for establishing a facility to manufacture components for mobile phones.&nbsp;</p>

<p>"Foxconn’s repeated investments and expansion plans in Tamil Nadu are a testament to the state being the top choice for manufacturing in India for major companies across the world. This is a major achievement for the state," said Tamil Nadu's Industries Minister TRB Rajaa.&nbsp;&nbsp;</p>

<div class="ui-state-default" contenteditable="false">
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<blockquote class="twitter-tweet">
<p dir="ltr" lang="en">Tamil Nadu takes the crown as India's electronic goods export powerhouse, achieving an incredible milestone by exporting electronic goods worth $5.37 billion.<br />
<br />
With a relentless focus on fostering innovation, attracting investments, and nurturing entrepreneurship,<br />
(1/2) <a href="https://t.co/0GVpg4s8xd">pic.twitter.com/0GVpg4s8xd</a></p>
— Guidance Tamil Nadu (@Guidance_TN) <a href="https://twitter.com/Guidance_TN/status/1676063739261403136?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">July 4, 2023</a></blockquote>
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<p>"With this proposed investment and many more to come, Tamil Nadu is poised to not only remain the top electronics exporter in the country but also significantly increase its electronics exports in the coming years. This will play a critical role in attaining our Honourable Chief Minister Thiru MK&nbsp;Stalin's ambition of a One Trillion USD economy in Tamil Nadu," he added.&nbsp;</p>

<p>Foxconn already operates an Apple iPhone assembly facility in Sriperumbudur, on Chennai's outskirts. According to the data from the Indian government, Tamil Nadu topped the charts as the leading electronics exporter in the country. For the year 2022-23, the value of electronics exported touched $5.37bn or Rs&nbsp;44,044cr.&nbsp;&nbsp;</p>

<p><strong>WATCH WION LIVE HERE</strong></p>

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Senior Officials from Taiwanese electronics contract-manufacturing firm Hon Hai Technology Group (Foxconn) met the Chief Minister of the Southern Indian state of Tamil Nadu and inked a pact to set up a $200mn facility.

Senior Officials from Taiwanese electronics contract-manufacturing firm Hon Hai Technology Group (Foxconn) met the Chief Minister of the Southern Indian state of Tamil Nadu and inked a pact to set up a $200mn facility. With the potential to create 6,000 jobs, this facility is expected to come up in the Kanchipuram district, near the capital city of Chennai. Foxconn Group Chairman Young Liu met Tamil Nadu Chief Minister MK Stalin and senior government officials regarding this deal. The Letter of Intent (LoI) inked by Foxconn and Guidance Tamil Nadu (the state Government's nodal agency for investment promotion), is for establishing a facility to manufacture components for mobile phones. "Foxconn’s repeated investments and expansion plans in Tamil Nadu are a testament to the state being the top choice for manufacturing in India for major companies across the world. This is a major achievement for the state," said Tamil Nadu's Industries Minister TRB Rajaa. Tamil Nadu takes the crown as India's electronic goods export powerhouse, achieving an incredible milestone by exporting electronic goods worth $5.37 billion. With a relentless focus on fostering innovation, attracting investments, and nurturing entrepreneurship, (1/2) pic.twitter.com/0GVpg4s8xd — Guidance Tamil Nadu (@Guidance_TN) July 4, 2023 × "With this proposed investment and many more to come, Tamil Nadu is poised to not only remain the top electronics exporter in the country but also significantly increase its electronics exports in the coming years. This will play a critical role in attaining our Honourable Chief Minister Thiru MK Stalin's ambition of a One Trillion USD economy in Tamil Nadu," he added. Foxconn already operates an Apple iPhone assembly facility in Sriperumbudur, on Chennai's outskirts. According to the data from the Indian government, Tamil Nadu topped the charts as the leading electronics exporter in the country. For the year 2022-23, the value of electronics exported touched $5.37bn or Rs 44,044cr. WATCH WION LIVE HERE You can now write for wionews.com and be a part of the community. Share your stories and opinions with us here.

Taiwan's Foxconn to make phone components at $200mn facility in this Indian state

<p>A mysterious, cylindrical object that was found on a beach near Jurein Bay in Western Australia is "most likely debris from an expended third-stage of a Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV)", the Australian Space Agency announced on Monday, July 31.</p>

<p>The Australian Space Agency(ASA) first mentioned this object on July 17&nbsp;after media reports on the subject sparked&nbsp;speculations about the likely origins of the mysterious object found on the beach.</p>

<p>On social media, enthusiasts initially linked this mysterious object to the missing Malaysian plane MH370, a Boeing 777-200ER aircraft that went missing in the year 2014, with 239 persons on board.</p>

<p>Some even speculated that the object had military origins.</p>

<p>As a coincidence, the news of this debris being spotted along the shores of&nbsp;a small Australian coastal town, came barely days after Australia-based social media users shared photos of India's Chandrayaan-3 upper-stage flight being visible over parts of Australia.</p>

<p>The Chandrayaan-3 flight being visible over parts of Australia was initially speculated as a UFO sighting&nbsp;in that part of the world.&nbsp;</p>

<p>The Chandrayaan-3 mission was launched on India's LVM3 rocket, at 2:35 pm Indian Standard Time on July 14 and the news of the debris spotting came on July 17.</p>

<p>However, the debris had no connection to the Chandrayaan-3 mission or the LVM3 rocket that launched it.&nbsp;</p>

<p>PSLV is an Indian spacefaring rocket that has performed 58 launch missions and had its maiden launch in the year 1993.</p>

<p>The PSLV is a four-stage rocket that is powered by solid and liquid fuels. The first stage is powered by solids, the second by liquids, the third by solids and the fourth by liquids. India uses the PSLV to launch satellites weighing between 500 kgs and 1,750 kgs.&nbsp;</p>

<p>It is the most-flown Indian spacefaring rocket and a highly-reliable one at that.</p>

<p>The PSLV has the unique distinction of lofting most of the 431 foreign-origin satellites that India has put into space, as part of commercial arrangements. The PSLV launched India's maiden Lunar mission Chandrayaan-1 and its only Mars mission, Mangalyaan. Soon, PSLV will also be launching India's maiden mission to study the Sun.&nbsp;</p>

<p>"The debris remains in storage and the Australian Space Agency is working with ISRO, who will provide further confirmation to determine the next steps, including considering obligations under the United Nations space treaties", the ASA tweeted on Monday, 31<sup>st</sup>&nbsp;July.</p>

<p>It also urged its citizens to report to local authorities, if they happen to spot any similar debris.&nbsp;</p>

<p>WION answers the key questions and the possibilities in this case:</p>

<h2><strong>Is this really debris from PSLV?</strong></h2>

<div class="ui-state-default" contenteditable="false">
<div class="twitter-block" draggable="false">
<blockquote class="twitter-tweet">
<p dir="ltr" lang="en">The <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/Australian?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#Australian</a> <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/space?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#space</a> agency has concluded that the object on their Western coast is most likely a <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/PSLV?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#PSLV</a> 3rd stage debris<br />
<br />
Left- Debris on Aus beach<br />
Right- PSLV 3rd stage<br />
(Both are 2m dia)<br />
<br />
I have confirmation from sources that this is a non-metallic object. So, it could float <a href="https://t.co/vU90oJ8u8t">pic.twitter.com/vU90oJ8u8t</a></p>
— Sidharth.M.P (@sdhrthmp) <a href="https://twitter.com/sdhrthmp/status/1685898464151113728?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">July 31, 2023</a></blockquote>
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<p>Images available in the open domain indicate the visual similarities between the debris on the beach and the PSLV 3rd stage.</p>

<p>The third stage of the PSLV is of two-metre&nbsp;diameter and the same dimensions are being mentioned in reports about the object on Australian shores.</p>

<p>The Australian space agency had also said that this piece of debris was most likely a solid rocket motor casing.</p>

<p><strong>Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/australias-space-economy-projected-to-triple-by-2030-sees-india-as-important-international-partner-492241">Australia's space economy projected to triple by 2030, sees India as important international partner</a></strong></p>

<p>It is noteworthy that very few spacefaring rockets in the world use a solid-fueled third stage. The Indian PSLV (and the newer SSLV rocket) is among the few rockets to do so. However, almost all missiles are powered by solid fuel.&nbsp;</p>

<h2><strong>Which PSLV launch can this be traced to?&nbsp;</strong></h2>

<p>Highly-placed sources told WION that this third-stage debris can't be specifically linked to any particular PSLV mission. However, given the barnacles attached to the debris and its worn-out appearance, it would be safe to assume that it is several months or a few years old and has been adrift at sea for a long time.&nbsp;</p>

<h2><strong>How did it reach the shore?&nbsp;</strong></h2>

<p>During a rocket's ascent to space, spent rocket parts are jettisoned mid-flight and space agencies take special efforts to ensure that such objects fall only in the high seas and as far as possible from any nation, their territorial waters or inhabited land.</p>

<p>However, once the rocket parts are ditched in the sea, there are all kinds of possibilities. Some parts could get trapped in fishing nets and could be brought ashore, some could end up floating and would be at the mercy of the ocean current and could wash up on shores.</p>

<p>WION has learnt that the said object on Australian shores is non-metallic and could have possibly floated to the Western Australian coast. There are also instances of spent rocket parts which spend years circling the earth and re-enter the earth in an uncontrolled manner and end up falling on inhabited regions.</p>

<h2><strong>Is an ISRO team visiting Australia to study the object?</strong></h2>

<p>WION has learnt that the Indian mission in Australia would coordinate with the relevant agencies in the country&nbsp;for further discussion in this regard.</p>

<h2><strong>What are the United Nations guidelines on space debris?</strong></h2>

<p>As per the UN Office for Outer Space Affairs(UNOOSA), the recovery and return of space debris is a central part of the 1968 Rescue Agreement. The treaty requires that State&nbsp;Parties return any "foreign" space objects discovered in their territory to their owners and that they notify the Secretary-General of any such discovered objects.&nbsp;</p>

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A mysterious, cylindrical object that was found on a beach near Jurein Bay in Western Australia is "most likely debris from an expended third-stage of a Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV)", the Australian Space Agency announced on Monday, July 31.

A mysterious, cylindrical object that was found on a beach near Jurein Bay in Western Australia is "most likely debris from an expended third-stage of a Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV)", the Australian Space Agency announced on Monday, July 31. The Australian Space Agency(ASA) first mentioned this object on July 17 after media reports on the subject sparked speculations about the likely origins of the mysterious object found on the beach. On social media, enthusiasts initially linked this mysterious object to the missing Malaysian plane MH370, a Boeing 777-200ER aircraft that went missing in the year 2014, with 239 persons on board. Some even speculated that the object had military origins. As a coincidence, the news of this debris being spotted along the shores of a small Australian coastal town, came barely days after Australia-based social media users shared photos of India's Chandrayaan-3 upper-stage flight being visible over parts of Australia. The Chandrayaan-3 flight being visible over parts of Australia was initially speculated as a UFO sighting in that part of the world. The Chandrayaan-3 mission was launched on India's LVM3 rocket, at 2:35 pm Indian Standard Time on July 14 and the news of the debris spotting came on July 17. However, the debris had no connection to the Chandrayaan-3 mission or the LVM3 rocket that launched it. PSLV is an Indian spacefaring rocket that has performed 58 launch missions and had its maiden launch in the year 1993. The PSLV is a four-stage rocket that is powered by solid and liquid fuels. The first stage is powered by solids, the second by liquids, the third by solids and the fourth by liquids. India uses the PSLV to launch satellites weighing between 500 kgs and 1,750 kgs. It is the most-flown Indian spacefaring rocket and a highly-reliable one at that. The PSLV has the unique distinction of lofting most of the 431 foreign-origin satellites that India has put into space, as part of commercial arrangements. The PSLV launched India's maiden Lunar mission Chandrayaan-1 and its only Mars mission, Mangalyaan. Soon, PSLV will also be launching India's maiden mission to study the Sun. "The debris remains in storage and the Australian Space Agency is working with ISRO, who will provide further confirmation to determine the next steps, including considering obligations under the United Nations space treaties", the ASA tweeted on Monday, 31st July. It also urged its citizens to report to local authorities, if they happen to spot any similar debris. WION answers the key questions and the possibilities in this case: Is this really debris from PSLV? The #Australian #space agency has concluded that the object on their Western coast is most likely a #PSLV 3rd stage debris Left- Debris on Aus beach Right- PSLV 3rd stage (Both are 2m dia) I have confirmation from sources that this is a non-metallic object. So, it could float pic.twitter.com/vU90oJ8u8t — Sidharth.M.P (@sdhrthmp) July 31, 2023 × Images available in the open domain indicate the visual similarities between the debris on the beach and the PSLV 3rd stage. The third stage of the PSLV is of two-metre diameter and the same dimensions are being mentioned in reports about the object on Australian shores. The Australian space agency had also said that this piece of debris was most likely a solid rocket motor casing. Also read | Australia's space economy projected to triple by 2030, sees India as important international partner It is noteworthy that very few spacefaring rockets in the world use a solid-fueled third stage. The Indian PSLV (and the newer SSLV rocket) is among the few rockets to do so. However, almost all missiles are powered by solid fuel. Which PSLV launch can this be traced to? Highly-placed sources told WION that this third-stage debris can't be specifically linked to any particular PSLV mission. However, given the barnacles attached to the debris and its worn-out appearance, it would be safe to assume that it is several months or a few years old and has been adrift at sea for a long time. How did it reach the shore? During a rocket's ascent to space, spent rocket parts are jettisoned mid-flight and space agencies take special efforts to ensure that such objects fall only in the high seas and as far as possible from any nation, their territorial waters or inhabited land. However, once the rocket parts are ditched in the sea, there are all kinds of possibilities. Some parts could get trapped in fishing nets and could be brought ashore, some could end up floating and would be at the mercy of the ocean current and could wash up on shores. WION has learnt that the said object on Australian shores is non-metallic and could have possibly floated to the Western Australian coast. There are also instances of spent rocket parts which spend years circling the earth and re-enter the earth in an uncontrolled manner and end up falling on inhabited regions. Is an ISRO team visiting Australia to study the object? WION has learnt that the Indian mission in Australia would coordinate with the relevant agencies in the country for further discussion in this regard. What are the United Nations guidelines on space debris? As per the UN Office for Outer Space Affairs(UNOOSA), the recovery and return of space debris is a central part of the 1968 Rescue Agreement. The treaty requires that State Parties return any "foreign" space objects discovered in their territory to their owners and that they notify the Secretary-General of any such discovered objects. WATCH WION LIVE HERE You can now write for wionews.com and be a part of the community. Share your stories and opinions with us here.

Explained: How did Indian PSLV rocket debris end up on an Australian beach?

<p>ISRO successfully carried out its second launch mission this month, with the successful orbiting of seven Singaporean satellites using its Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) launcher, this morning (July 30). In a mission that lasted around 25 minutes, the Indian launch vehicle hurled the primary passenger DS-SAR radar-imaging, Earth observation satellite and six co-passenger satellites into the designated orbit.&nbsp;</p>

<p>"We have a very perfect orbit accomplishment," said ISRO Chairman Dr S Somnath.</p>

<p>This PSLV mission marks the successful launch of 431 foreign-origin satellites by the Indian space agency&nbsp;since the year 1999.&nbsp;</p>

<p>D Radhakrishnan, chairman and managing director of NSIL (ISRO's commercial arm) said that it was historic for a single customer (Singapore government and academia) to use the PSLV launcher for four launch missions. Referring to it as a "real record", he expressed faith that Singapore would use the services of ISRO-NSIL for many more missions that they have planned for the coming times.&nbsp;</p>

<p>Notably, it is after a hiatus of nearly five years&nbsp;that ISRO performed two launches in a month. The last time was in November 2018, when ISRO performed launch missions of its LVM3/GSAT-19 and PSLV-HySIS, in quick succession.</p>

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<p>The core-alone configuration (without strap-on boosters) PSLV rocket, which offers the least lifting power among PSLVs, lifted off at 6:31 am from the first launch pad at Satish Dhawan Space Centre, Sriharikota. The total payload on board the rocket weighed around 425 kg.&nbsp;</p>

<p>"We have very exciting activities coming up now - the rocket's 4th and final stage is in a 535 km circular orbit. Soon, it will be lowered and brought down to an orbit of 300kms and it will happen in a span of 90 minutes. This will ensure that the spent stage has a lower lifespan as space debris. This is part of our conscious efforts to mitigate space debris and we can eventually bring down the upper stage in a controlled manner," the ISRO Chairman said.</p>

<p><a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/explained-isro-tests-system-that-will-steer-and-orient-indian-astronaut-capsule-617855"><strong>Also read |&nbsp;Explained | ISRO tests system that will steer and orient Indian astronaut capsule</strong></a></p>

<p>Sharing updates on upcoming missions, ISRO Chairman Somnath told reporters that the 'TV-D1' Gaganyaan flight would be carried out in September. He said that the assembly of the L40-stage-based test vehicle was being carried out at the spaceport in Sriharikota and that the crew module would soon arrive there. 'TV-D1' will be the test flight of the Gaganyaan crew module and is meant to test the abort systems (ejection mechanism) of the crew module, in case of any mid-flight failure or emergency. This is a crucial system that saves the crew, by rapidly carrying the crew module far away from the launch vehicle and ensuring that the crew module safely splashes down in the ocean.&nbsp;</p>

<p>Speaking of the next orbital launch, ISRO Chairman mentioned that it would be PSLV-C57/Aditya-L1, an Indian mission to study the sun from a vantage point in deep space. This vantage point is known as Lagrangian Point 1 (L1) and is situated 1.5 million kilometres from the Earth. This probe is meant to study the various phenomenon occurring in the Sun and the Sun's atmosphere and the impact that it has on space weather.</p>

<p>According to ISRO, the payloads on Aditya L1 are expected to provide the most crucial information to understand the problem of coronal heating, coronal mass ejection, pre-flare and flare activities and their characteristics, dynamics of space weather, propagation of particles and fields.</p>

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ISRO successfully carried out its second launch mission this month, with the successful orbiting of seven Singaporean satellites using its Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) launcher, this morning (July 30).

ISRO successfully carried out its second launch mission this month, with the successful orbiting of seven Singaporean satellites using its Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) launcher, this morning (July 30). In a mission that lasted around 25 minutes, the Indian launch vehicle hurled the primary passenger DS-SAR radar-imaging, Earth observation satellite and six co-passenger satellites into the designated orbit. "We have a very perfect orbit accomplishment," said ISRO Chairman Dr S Somnath. This PSLV mission marks the successful launch of 431 foreign-origin satellites by the Indian space agency since the year 1999. D Radhakrishnan, chairman and managing director of NSIL (ISRO's commercial arm) said that it was historic for a single customer (Singapore government and academia) to use the PSLV launcher for four launch missions. Referring to it as a "real record", he expressed faith that Singapore would use the services of ISRO-NSIL for many more missions that they have planned for the coming times. Notably, it is after a hiatus of nearly five years that ISRO performed two launches in a month. The last time was in November 2018, when ISRO performed launch missions of its LVM3/GSAT-19 and PSLV-HySIS, in quick succession. #WATCH | Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) launches its PSLV-C56 with six co-passenger satellites from Satish Dhawan Space Centre (SDSC) SHAR, Sriharikota. (Source: ISRO) pic.twitter.com/2I1pNvKvBH — ANI (@ANI) July 30, 2023 × The core-alone configuration (without strap-on boosters) PSLV rocket, which offers the least lifting power among PSLVs, lifted off at 6:31 am from the first launch pad at Satish Dhawan Space Centre, Sriharikota. The total payload on board the rocket weighed around 425 kg. "We have very exciting activities coming up now - the rocket's 4th and final stage is in a 535 km circular orbit. Soon, it will be lowered and brought down to an orbit of 300kms and it will happen in a span of 90 minutes. This will ensure that the spent stage has a lower lifespan as space debris. This is part of our conscious efforts to mitigate space debris and we can eventually bring down the upper stage in a controlled manner," the ISRO Chairman said. Also read | Explained | ISRO tests system that will steer and orient Indian astronaut capsule Sharing updates on upcoming missions, ISRO Chairman Somnath told reporters that the 'TV-D1' Gaganyaan flight would be carried out in September. He said that the assembly of the L40-stage-based test vehicle was being carried out at the spaceport in Sriharikota and that the crew module would soon arrive there. 'TV-D1' will be the test flight of the Gaganyaan crew module and is meant to test the abort systems (ejection mechanism) of the crew module, in case of any mid-flight failure or emergency. This is a crucial system that saves the crew, by rapidly carrying the crew module far away from the launch vehicle and ensuring that the crew module safely splashes down in the ocean. Speaking of the next orbital launch, ISRO Chairman mentioned that it would be PSLV-C57/Aditya-L1, an Indian mission to study the sun from a vantage point in deep space. This vantage point is known as Lagrangian Point 1 (L1) and is situated 1.5 million kilometres from the Earth. This probe is meant to study the various phenomenon occurring in the Sun and the Sun's atmosphere and the impact that it has on space weather. According to ISRO, the payloads on Aditya L1 are expected to provide the most crucial information to understand the problem of coronal heating, coronal mass ejection, pre-flare and flare activities and their characteristics, dynamics of space weather, propagation of particles and fields. WATCH WION LIVE HERE:

ISRO successfully launches seven Singaporean satellites onboard PSLV workhorse | Watch

<p>After a gap of almost five years, the Indian space agency Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) will be performing two rocket launches in the same month.</p>

<p>After launching the third lunar mission Chandrayaan-3 on July 14, the ISRO is geared up for a commercial mission by the PSLV rocket on Sunday (July 30).</p>

<p>The 25-hours 30 minutes countdown for the launch commenced at 5:01 am on Saturday and the vehicle is expected to lift off from the first launchpad of Satish Dhawan Space Centre at 6:31 am on Sunday. The last time that ISRO performed two launches in a month was in November 2018, when ISRO performed launch missions of its LVM3 and PLSV rocket, in quick succession.</p>

<p><strong>ALSO READ |</strong> <a href="https://www.wionews.com/india-news/chandrayaan-3-successfully-completes-final-earth-orbit-raising-manoeuvre-isro-619262">Chandrayaan-3 successfully completes final Earth orbit-raising manoeuvre: ISRO</a></p>

<p>The primary passenger of the PSLV C56 rocket will be the 360kg DS-SAR Satellite and it will be placed in a Near-equatorial Orbit (NEO) at 5 degrees inclination and 535 km altitude. The DS-SAR satellite is developed under a partnership between DSTA (representing the Government of Singapore) and ST Engineering.</p>

<p>Once deployed and operational, it will be used to support the satellite imagery requirements of various agencies within the Government of Singapore. ST Engineering will use it for multi-modal and higher responsiveness imagery and geospatial services for their commercial customers.</p>

<p>DS-SAR carries a Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) payload developed by Israel Aerospace Industries (IAI). This allows the DS-SAR to provide for all-weather day and night coverage and is capable of imaging at 1m resolution at full polarimetry.</p>

<p>The co-passenger satellites are VELOX-AM -a 23 kg technology demonstration microsatellite, ARCADE- Atmospheric Coupling and Dynamics Explorer (ARCADE), an experimental satellite, SCOOB-II - a 3U nanosatellite flying a technology demonstrator payload, NuLIoN by NuSpace- an advanced 3U nanosatellite enabling seamless IoT connectivity in both urban &amp; remote locations, Galassia-2- a 3U nanosatellite that will be orbiting at low earth orbit and ORB-12 STRIDER - the satellite is developed under an International collaboration.</p>

<p><strong>WATCH |&nbsp;ISRO tests engine of Gaganyaan spacecraft that will carry Indian astronauts to space</strong></p>

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<p>Put together, all seven satellites weigh close to 425kg and therefore the PSLV rocket will be flown in its Core-alone configuration. Depending on the payload to be lifted, the PSLV rocket is configured in the core-alone version(for less-heavy payloads) and with strap-on boosters for added lifting power and heavy payloads.</p>

<p>If successful, this mission would mark the launch of 431 foreign-origin satellites by the Indian space agency, since the year 1999. Given that Sunday's mission is a commercial mission, ISRO will be performing the launch for its commercial arm known as New Space India Limited (NSIL).</p>

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After a gap of almost five years, the Indian space agency Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) will be performing two rocket launches in the same month. After launching the third lunar mission Chandrayaan-3 on July 14, the ISRO is geared up for a commercial mission by the PSLV rocket on Sunday (July 30).

After a gap of almost five years, the Indian space agency Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) will be performing two rocket launches in the same month. After launching the third lunar mission Chandrayaan-3 on July 14, the ISRO is geared up for a commercial mission by the PSLV rocket on Sunday (July 30). The 25-hours 30 minutes countdown for the launch commenced at 5:01 am on Saturday and the vehicle is expected to lift off from the first launchpad of Satish Dhawan Space Centre at 6:31 am on Sunday. The last time that ISRO performed two launches in a month was in November 2018, when ISRO performed launch missions of its LVM3 and PLSV rocket, in quick succession. ALSO READ | Chandrayaan-3 successfully completes final Earth orbit-raising manoeuvre: ISRO The primary passenger of the PSLV C56 rocket will be the 360kg DS-SAR Satellite and it will be placed in a Near-equatorial Orbit (NEO) at 5 degrees inclination and 535 km altitude. The DS-SAR satellite is developed under a partnership between DSTA (representing the Government of Singapore) and ST Engineering. Once deployed and operational, it will be used to support the satellite imagery requirements of various agencies within the Government of Singapore. ST Engineering will use it for multi-modal and higher responsiveness imagery and geospatial services for their commercial customers. DS-SAR carries a Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) payload developed by Israel Aerospace Industries (IAI). This allows the DS-SAR to provide for all-weather day and night coverage and is capable of imaging at 1m resolution at full polarimetry. The co-passenger satellites are VELOX-AM -a 23 kg technology demonstration microsatellite, ARCADE- Atmospheric Coupling and Dynamics Explorer (ARCADE), an experimental satellite, SCOOB-II - a 3U nanosatellite flying a technology demonstrator payload, NuLIoN by NuSpace- an advanced 3U nanosatellite enabling seamless IoT connectivity in both urban & remote locations, Galassia-2- a 3U nanosatellite that will be orbiting at low earth orbit and ORB-12 STRIDER - the satellite is developed under an International collaboration. WATCH | ISRO tests engine of Gaganyaan spacecraft that will carry Indian astronauts to space Put together, all seven satellites weigh close to 425kg and therefore the PSLV rocket will be flown in its Core-alone configuration. Depending on the payload to be lifted, the PSLV rocket is configured in the core-alone version(for less-heavy payloads) and with strap-on boosters for added lifting power and heavy payloads. If successful, this mission would mark the launch of 431 foreign-origin satellites by the Indian space agency, since the year 1999. Given that Sunday's mission is a commercial mission, ISRO will be performing the launch for its commercial arm known as New Space India Limited (NSIL). You can now write for wionews.com and be a part of the community. Share your stories and opinions with us here. WATCH WION LIVE HERE

ISRO's PSLV to launch 7 Singaporean satellites on Sunday, countdown begins

<p>The fourth and final meeting of the G20 Environment &amp; Climate Sustainability Working Group (ECSWG) meeting commenced on Wednesday, in Chennai city. Delegates from most G20 nations, nine guest nations and 12 International and regional organisations are in attendance.</p>

<p>According to Richa Sharma, Additional Secretary of India's Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change, the key focus areas of this group would be&nbsp;land degradation, ecosystem restoration, biodiversity &amp; water resources, sustainable &amp; resilient ocean-based economy, resource efficiency &amp; circular economy.&nbsp;</p>

<p>The previous meetings of this working group were held in Bengaluru, Gandhinagar and Mumbai.</p>

<p><strong>Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/india-news/hyderabad-woman-found-starving-on-chicago-streets-went-to-the-us-to-pursue-higher-education-watch-619700">Hyderabad woman found starving on Chicago streets, went to the US to pursue higher education. Watch!</a></strong></p>

<p>"In Bengaluru, we agreed upon the broader themes of discussion. In Gandhinagar, we emphasised upon integrated water resources management and other priorities. In Mumbai, we focussed on science &amp; technology, innovation, policy, governance etc.," Richa Sharma said.&nbsp;</p>

<p>A highlight of the ongoing ECSWG meeting will be the launch of the Resource Efficiency Circular Economy Industry Coalition (RECEIC), on Thursday. The RECEIC is being formed with the objective of bring together nations, industries and experts in their endeavour to take forward the global circularity agenda. 39 firms from across industries will be the founding members of this coalition.&nbsp;</p>

<p>The annual Global Circularity Gap Report, published by Circle Economy in collaboration with Deloitte, warns the global economy is now only 7.2 per cent circular.</p>

<p><strong>Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/india-news/india-to-be-in-worlds-top-3-economies-pm-modi-vows-milestone-in-third-term-during-iecc-inauguration-619676">'India to be in world's top 3 economies': PM Modi vows milestone in third term during IECC</a></strong></p>

<p>“A global circular economy,” it argues, “will allow us to fulfil people’s needs with only 70 per cent of the materials we now extract and use,” within the safe planetary limits. According to senior officials from India's Environment Ministry (MoEFCC), 'RECEIC' will be an industry-led coalition, for which the governments would play a supportive role.</p>

<p>The coalition would include multi-national firms from a wide-range of sectors, including steel, FMCG, beverages, electronics, IT, automobile, manufacturing, etc. Aditya Birla Group, Coca-Cola, HP Inc, Nestle India, Oppo, Siemens Ltd, Unilever, Maruti Suzuki India, Tata Motors are among the 39 firms that will be part of this coalition.&nbsp;</p>

<p>Further, there will be a meeting of Ministers from G20 and invited nations, on Friday, which would feature keynote addresses by experts in the field of climate change, discussions between the Environment and Climate Change Minister from G20 nations, followed by the adoption of the High Level Principles Document. The Ministerial meeting would be presided over by Bhupender Yadav, India's Minister for Environment, Forest and Climate Change. The ministers' meeting would conclude with the release of the Outcome and Presidency documents.&nbsp;</p>

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The fourth and final meeting of the G20 Environment & Climate Sustainability Working Group (ECSWG) meeting commenced on Wednesday, in Chennai city. Delegates from most G20 nations, nine guest nations and 12 International and regional organisations are in attendance.

The fourth and final meeting of the G20 Environment & Climate Sustainability Working Group (ECSWG) meeting commenced on Wednesday, in Chennai city. Delegates from most G20 nations, nine guest nations and 12 International and regional organisations are in attendance. According to Richa Sharma, Additional Secretary of India's Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change, the key focus areas of this group would be land degradation, ecosystem restoration, biodiversity & water resources, sustainable & resilient ocean-based economy, resource efficiency & circular economy. The previous meetings of this working group were held in Bengaluru, Gandhinagar and Mumbai. Also read | Hyderabad woman found starving on Chicago streets, went to the US to pursue higher education. Watch! "In Bengaluru, we agreed upon the broader themes of discussion. In Gandhinagar, we emphasised upon integrated water resources management and other priorities. In Mumbai, we focussed on science & technology, innovation, policy, governance etc.," Richa Sharma said. A highlight of the ongoing ECSWG meeting will be the launch of the Resource Efficiency Circular Economy Industry Coalition (RECEIC), on Thursday. The RECEIC is being formed with the objective of bring together nations, industries and experts in their endeavour to take forward the global circularity agenda. 39 firms from across industries will be the founding members of this coalition. The annual Global Circularity Gap Report, published by Circle Economy in collaboration with Deloitte, warns the global economy is now only 7.2 per cent circular. Also read | 'India to be in world's top 3 economies': PM Modi vows milestone in third term during IECC “A global circular economy,” it argues, “will allow us to fulfil people’s needs with only 70 per cent of the materials we now extract and use,” within the safe planetary limits. According to senior officials from India's Environment Ministry (MoEFCC), 'RECEIC' will be an industry-led coalition, for which the governments would play a supportive role. The coalition would include multi-national firms from a wide-range of sectors, including steel, FMCG, beverages, electronics, IT, automobile, manufacturing, etc. Aditya Birla Group, Coca-Cola, HP Inc, Nestle India, Oppo, Siemens Ltd, Unilever, Maruti Suzuki India, Tata Motors are among the 39 firms that will be part of this coalition. Further, there will be a meeting of Ministers from G20 and invited nations, on Friday, which would feature keynote addresses by experts in the field of climate change, discussions between the Environment and Climate Change Minister from G20 nations, followed by the adoption of the High Level Principles Document. The Ministerial meeting would be presided over by Bhupender Yadav, India's Minister for Environment, Forest and Climate Change. The ministers' meeting would conclude with the release of the Outcome and Presidency documents. WATCH WION LIVE HERE You can now write for wionews.com and be a part of the community. Share your stories and opinions with us here.

Maruti, Tata, HP, Coca-Cola and 35 other firms to launch 'RECEIC' a global, industry-led coalition

<p>With the increasing frequency and severity of disasters that are wreaking havoc around the world, India, under its Presidency of the Group of 20 nations&nbsp;has constituted a first-of-its-kind Disaster Risk Reduction Working Group. After completing the initial meetings in Ahmedabad and Mumbai, the G20 Working Group commenced its third meeting in the southern Indian city of Chennai.</p>

<p>This key outcome of this meeting is expected to be the release of the Communique or the Joint statement, which is a set of recommendations that the group will put forth to the Sherpa (G20 representative of the Head of State/Head of Government) and will thereafter be discussed at the G20 Leaders meeting in September, at New Delhi.&nbsp;</p>

<h2>Ambition of G20&nbsp;Disaster Risk Reduction Working Group must match scale of problem: PK Mishra</h2>

<p>Speaking at the inaugural session, Dr PK Mishra, Principal Secretary to India's Prime Minister Narendra Modi highlighted the effects of climate change, and related disasters and listed out the Forest fires in Canada, the resultant haze in North America, major cyclonic activity on India's East and West Coast, unprecedented flooding in New Delhi (worst in 45yrs), among others. "Climate change-related&nbsp;disasters are already here - enormous, interconnected and affect everyone across the planet. The ambition of this group must match the scale of the problem, we need a transformation of local, national and global disaster risk reduction systems" he said.&nbsp;</p>

<p><strong>Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/india-news/must-bring-in-gender-parity-in-15-years-indias-g20-sherpa-amitabh-kant-to-wion-604956">Must bring in gender parity in 15 years: India's G20 Sherpa Amitabh Kant to WION</a></strong></p>

<p>According to Kamal Kishore, Member Secretary of India's National Disaster Management Authority, the key focus areas of this group are: Ensure early warning for all, Investing in climate and disaster resilient infrastructure, Improving financing framework for disaster risk reduction, Improve systems for better post-disaster recovery, Ecosystem-based approaches to disaster risk reduction.&nbsp;</p>

<p>Preparing for and working towards reducing the risk of disasters is the primary objective of India's National Disaster Management Authority&nbsp;(NDMA) and this activity is now being taken to the global stage and the exchange of ideas is being carried out with foreign counterparts, he said.&nbsp;</p>

<h2><strong>Spotlight on Sendai Framework</strong></h2>

<p>Lt Gen Syed Ata Hasnain (Retd), Member, NDMA said that the G20 Disaster Risk Reduction Meeting was aimed at fulfilling the criteria that are envisioned by the Sendai Framework.&nbsp;The Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030 (Sendai Framework) was the first major agreement of the post-2015 development agenda and provides Member States with concrete actions to protect development gains from the risk of disaster.&nbsp;</p>

<p><strong>Also watch |&nbsp;India's G20 Presidency: Weaving inclusive growth</strong></p>

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<p>The Sendai Framework works hand in hand with the other 2030 Agenda agreements, including The Paris Agreement on Climate Change, The Addis Ababa Action Agenda on Financing for Development, the New Urban Agenda, and ultimately the Sustainable Development Goals.&nbsp;It was endorsed by the UN General Assembly following the 2015 Third UN World Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction (WCDRR), and advocates for:&nbsp;The substantial reduction of disaster risk and losses in lives, livelihoods and health and in the economic, physical, social, cultural and environmental assets of persons, businesses, communities and countries.</p>

<p>Queried about the increased international cooperation in sharing sensor data and warnings on Tsunami, earthquakes, and cyclones,&nbsp;Kamal Kishore told WION that the observation data from various sensors are global public goods and such data is fed to global models and is useful to all nations. He also highlighted the need to improve the density of such networks, provide&nbsp;access to warnings and timely dissemination and the capability to act on the warnings.&nbsp;</p>

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With the increasing frequency and severity of disasters that are wreaking havoc around the world, India, under its Presidency of the Group of 20 nations has constituted a first-of-its-kind Disaster Risk Reduction Working Group.

With the increasing frequency and severity of disasters that are wreaking havoc around the world, India, under its Presidency of the Group of 20 nations has constituted a first-of-its-kind Disaster Risk Reduction Working Group. After completing the initial meetings in Ahmedabad and Mumbai, the G20 Working Group commenced its third meeting in the southern Indian city of Chennai. This key outcome of this meeting is expected to be the release of the Communique or the Joint statement, which is a set of recommendations that the group will put forth to the Sherpa (G20 representative of the Head of State/Head of Government) and will thereafter be discussed at the G20 Leaders meeting in September, at New Delhi. Ambition of G20 Disaster Risk Reduction Working Group must match scale of problem: PK Mishra Speaking at the inaugural session, Dr PK Mishra, Principal Secretary to India's Prime Minister Narendra Modi highlighted the effects of climate change, and related disasters and listed out the Forest fires in Canada, the resultant haze in North America, major cyclonic activity on India's East and West Coast, unprecedented flooding in New Delhi (worst in 45yrs), among others. "Climate change-related disasters are already here - enormous, interconnected and affect everyone across the planet. The ambition of this group must match the scale of the problem, we need a transformation of local, national and global disaster risk reduction systems" he said. Also read | Must bring in gender parity in 15 years: India's G20 Sherpa Amitabh Kant to WION According to Kamal Kishore, Member Secretary of India's National Disaster Management Authority, the key focus areas of this group are: Ensure early warning for all, Investing in climate and disaster resilient infrastructure, Improving financing framework for disaster risk reduction, Improve systems for better post-disaster recovery, Ecosystem-based approaches to disaster risk reduction. Preparing for and working towards reducing the risk of disasters is the primary objective of India's National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) and this activity is now being taken to the global stage and the exchange of ideas is being carried out with foreign counterparts, he said. Spotlight on Sendai Framework Lt Gen Syed Ata Hasnain (Retd), Member, NDMA said that the G20 Disaster Risk Reduction Meeting was aimed at fulfilling the criteria that are envisioned by the Sendai Framework. The Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030 (Sendai Framework) was the first major agreement of the post-2015 development agenda and provides Member States with concrete actions to protect development gains from the risk of disaster. Also watch | India's G20 Presidency: Weaving inclusive growth × The Sendai Framework works hand in hand with the other 2030 Agenda agreements, including The Paris Agreement on Climate Change, The Addis Ababa Action Agenda on Financing for Development, the New Urban Agenda, and ultimately the Sustainable Development Goals. It was endorsed by the UN General Assembly following the 2015 Third UN World Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction (WCDRR), and advocates for: The substantial reduction of disaster risk and losses in lives, livelihoods and health and in the economic, physical, social, cultural and environmental assets of persons, businesses, communities and countries. Queried about the increased international cooperation in sharing sensor data and warnings on Tsunami, earthquakes, and cyclones, Kamal Kishore told WION that the observation data from various sensors are global public goods and such data is fed to global models and is useful to all nations. He also highlighted the need to improve the density of such networks, provide access to warnings and timely dissemination and the capability to act on the warnings. WATCH WION LIVE HERE You can now write for wionews.com and be a part of the community. Share your stories and opinions with us here.

G20 nations discuss disaster risk reduction amid rising frequency of natural calamities

<p>The Indian space agency ISRO announced the successful completion of engines that would steer the Indian astronaut crew module, during the Gaganyaan human spaceflight missions.</p>

<p>"This test involved five liquid apogee motor (LAM) engines with a thrust of 440N and sixteen reaction control system (RCS) thrusters with a thrust of 100N," the ISRO said.</p>

<p>This test is one in a series of many tests that ISRO intends to conduct under various circumstances, to check the reliability of its service module.</p>

<p>In simple terms, a rocket lifts a spacecraft or crew module to space using the rocket's own propulsive power. Once the crew module is separated from the rocket and ejected into space, it has to rely on its own engines to steer itself, to move into the most precise orbit and even to steer itself back towards earth for re-entering the atmosphere etc. This time, ISRO has tested the systems that would help its crew module perform all of the above and more.</p>

<p>The five LAMs that offer a thrust of 440N each are meant to steer the spacecraft, change its orbit and perform the tasks that require high-thrust. Owing to various factors, spacecrafts are required to fire their on-board engines to makes course corrections, steer clear from space debris and other space objects or satellites etc.</p>

<p>For example, a spacecraft which has to dock with the International Space Station must be able to use its own engines to steer itself towards the space station. However, the LAM are the main engines of the spacecraft and are only placed on one side of the craft.</p>

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<p dir="ltr" lang="en">ISRO successfully tested the Gaganyaan Service Module Propulsion System (SMPS) – which caters to the requirements of the Orbital Module – at IPRC, Mahendragiri.<br />
<br />
The hot test was conducted in SMPS’s final configuration. <a href="https://t.co/yO0O1I77p2">https://t.co/yO0O1I77p2</a> <a href="https://t.co/0Wn4KzGfTU">pic.twitter.com/0Wn4KzGfTU</a></p>
— ISRO (@isro) <a href="https://twitter.com/isro/status/1681979279502897153?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">July 20, 2023</a></blockquote>
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<p>The RCS thrusters are smaller thrusters that are meant to correct the 'attitude' of the crew module, thereby ensuring that it points towards the intended direction (in this case towards the Earth). Generally, a crew module that orbits the Earth has to face the blue planet and its solar panels must be able to harness the power of sunlight to charge its batteries.&nbsp;</p>

<p>ISRO said that the test firing of the System Demonstration Model (SDM) emulated the fluid circuit of the Service Module Propulsion System, which includes the propellant tank feed system, helium pressurisation system, flight-qualified thrusters, and control components.</p>

<p>This system burns a combination of monomethyl hydrazine (MMH) and mixed oxides of nitrogen (MON). Such combinations of chemicals are most commonly used in satellite propulsion systems, as they are easy to store for long durations and deliver the required thrust for such operations.&nbsp;</p>

<p>The latest test, conducted for a duration of 250 seconds, involved LAM engines firing in continuous mode, along with RCS thrusters, and adhering to the test profile.</p>

<p>Earlier, ISRO had test fired this system as part of five tests, totalling a duration of 2,750 seconds. While the earlier phase of testing involved five 440N LAM engines and eight 100N RCS thrusters, the current configuration includes the full configuration of five 440N LAM engines and sixteen 100N RCS thrusters.</p>

<p>The Gaganyaan Service Module Propulsion System is designed, developed, and realised by Liquid Propulsion Systems Centre (LPSC).</p>

<p>The test firing was conducted at ISRO Propulsion Complex (IPRC), Mahendragiri, in Tamil Nadu.</p>

<p>The Indian space agency has also lined up additional tests to demonstrate how this system performs under ideal and not-so-ideal and adverse conditions.&nbsp;</p>

<p>Gaganyaan is India's most ambitious, yet, spacefaring mission and is aimed at launching Indian astronauts to space for a short-duration mission and recovering them via splashdown in the ocean.</p>

<p>All of this is to be performed using a human-rated Indian rocket and indigenous systems including crew module, propulsion systems etc.&nbsp;</p>

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The Indian space agency ISRO announced the successful completion of engines that would steer the Indian astronaut crew module, during the Gaganyaan human spaceflight missions.

The Indian space agency ISRO announced the successful completion of engines that would steer the Indian astronaut crew module, during the Gaganyaan human spaceflight missions. "This test involved five liquid apogee motor (LAM) engines with a thrust of 440N and sixteen reaction control system (RCS) thrusters with a thrust of 100N," the ISRO said. This test is one in a series of many tests that ISRO intends to conduct under various circumstances, to check the reliability of its service module. In simple terms, a rocket lifts a spacecraft or crew module to space using the rocket's own propulsive power. Once the crew module is separated from the rocket and ejected into space, it has to rely on its own engines to steer itself, to move into the most precise orbit and even to steer itself back towards earth for re-entering the atmosphere etc. This time, ISRO has tested the systems that would help its crew module perform all of the above and more. The five LAMs that offer a thrust of 440N each are meant to steer the spacecraft, change its orbit and perform the tasks that require high-thrust. Owing to various factors, spacecrafts are required to fire their on-board engines to makes course corrections, steer clear from space debris and other space objects or satellites etc. For example, a spacecraft which has to dock with the International Space Station must be able to use its own engines to steer itself towards the space station. However, the LAM are the main engines of the spacecraft and are only placed on one side of the craft. ISRO successfully tested the Gaganyaan Service Module Propulsion System (SMPS) – which caters to the requirements of the Orbital Module – at IPRC, Mahendragiri. The hot test was conducted in SMPS’s final configuration. https://t.co/yO0O1I77p2 pic.twitter.com/0Wn4KzGfTU — ISRO (@isro) July 20, 2023 × The RCS thrusters are smaller thrusters that are meant to correct the 'attitude' of the crew module, thereby ensuring that it points towards the intended direction (in this case towards the Earth). Generally, a crew module that orbits the Earth has to face the blue planet and its solar panels must be able to harness the power of sunlight to charge its batteries. ISRO said that the test firing of the System Demonstration Model (SDM) emulated the fluid circuit of the Service Module Propulsion System, which includes the propellant tank feed system, helium pressurisation system, flight-qualified thrusters, and control components. This system burns a combination of monomethyl hydrazine (MMH) and mixed oxides of nitrogen (MON). Such combinations of chemicals are most commonly used in satellite propulsion systems, as they are easy to store for long durations and deliver the required thrust for such operations. The latest test, conducted for a duration of 250 seconds, involved LAM engines firing in continuous mode, along with RCS thrusters, and adhering to the test profile. Earlier, ISRO had test fired this system as part of five tests, totalling a duration of 2,750 seconds. While the earlier phase of testing involved five 440N LAM engines and eight 100N RCS thrusters, the current configuration includes the full configuration of five 440N LAM engines and sixteen 100N RCS thrusters. The Gaganyaan Service Module Propulsion System is designed, developed, and realised by Liquid Propulsion Systems Centre (LPSC). The test firing was conducted at ISRO Propulsion Complex (IPRC), Mahendragiri, in Tamil Nadu. The Indian space agency has also lined up additional tests to demonstrate how this system performs under ideal and not-so-ideal and adverse conditions. Gaganyaan is India's most ambitious, yet, spacefaring mission and is aimed at launching Indian astronauts to space for a short-duration mission and recovering them via splashdown in the ocean. All of this is to be performed using a human-rated Indian rocket and indigenous systems including crew module, propulsion systems etc. WATCH WION LIVE HERE

Explained | ISRO tests system that will steer and orient Indian astronaut capsule 

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