In Hebrew, the word kibbutz means ‘gathering’. A kibbutz is a uniquely Israeli phenomenon with a significant cultural legacy and an important role in the nation’s history. 

Kibbutz (plural: kibbutzim) is an intentional community in Israel that was traditionally based on agriculture. There are about 270 kibbutzim across Israel. 

The first kibbutz was established in 1910 in northern Israel. The name of the first kibbutz was Degania Alef. At their heart, kibbutzim are small towns, typically with somewhere between 100 and 1,000 residents. 

Jewish settlers behind the movement envisioned the kibbutzim as a place where Zionism met Marxism. Kibbutz culture was originally dominated by Ashkenazi Jews, or Jews of Eastern European descent, and were seen as less inclusive of those of Middle Eastern descent. 

These communities ranged from 50 residents to 2,000 and cropped up in places such as the border with Lebanon, the Jordan river and around the Gaza Strip, and many were originally on what was then Palestinian land. 

Kibbutz Be’eri and Kfar Aza were the worst hit in the recent attacks by Hamas into Israel. The attack on Be’eri came around the same time as Hamas militants descended upon the nearby Nova music festival, where more than 260 bodies were later found. 


What is a Kibbutz? Israeli Farming Communities Attacked by Hamas

IND vs PAK at World Cup: 7 Last Matches Between Arch-Rivals

Aloo Tikki Chaat features spiced potato patties topped with yoghurt, chutneys, sev and pomegranate seeds. This dish balances sweet, tangy and spicy flavours with a mix of textures, making it a delightful snack.


Israel vs Hamas: Key Persons You Should Know About 

The Israel-Hamas war entered day 7 on Friday (Oct 13). The clash that started with a surprise attack by Hamas on Israeli citizens on Saturday has turned into a full-fledged war. The number of casualties on both sides has been rising since. Here are some of the key stakeholders in the ongoing war. 

Military commander of Hamas who planned the recent attacks in Israel 

Current Palestinian leader of Hamas in the Gaza Strip 


Israel’s far-right leader and Minister of National Security 

Lebanese cleric and head of Hezbollah  


Israel-Hamas War: Key Persons You Should Know About

Nearly 500 years ago, French astrologer Nostradamus published his infamous book Les Prophéties, which contains 942 forecasts that appear to predict the future. According to many reports, more than 70 per cent of his prophecies have come true so far. Here's what he predicted for 2023:

One of the first predictions for 2023 that stands out is "a great war." According to Nostradamus, "Seven months into the Great War, people dead of evil-doing. Rouen, Evreux shall not fall to the King."

For 2023, Nostradamus predicted that temperatures would rise further and sea levels would rise to unexpected levels. He wrote, "Like the sun, the head shall sear the shining sea: The Black Sea’s living fish shall all but boil."

With the current cost of living crisis and global warming on the rise, civil unrest could reach new heights in 2023. Nostradamus predicted, "Sooner and later you will see great changes made, dreadful horrors and vengeance."

2. Papain present in unripe papaya may weaken the membrane that supports the foetus.

Nostradamus also foresaw "Celestial fire on the Royal edifice." This is thought to imply that a new world order will rise from the ashes of civilisation. His followers believe this could refer to the "end of times" or the beginning of a new world order.


Nostradamus cryptically mentioned the "light on Mars falling" in his book of prophecies. People believe it could refer to humanity's efforts to inhabit the planet. 


In his book, the French seer predicted that "So high will the bushel of wheat rise, that man will be eating his fellow man". This prediction implies that an economic downturn could lead to desperation and disharmony due to rising living costs caused by high food prices.


7 Nostradamus Predictions for 2023

The Artificial Intelligence (AI) has made significant changes in the digital world. It can now be game-changing in healthcare as well. A recent study by an Oxford professor suggests that with the help of AI we can detect dementia way before doctors can.&nbsp;

Michael Wooldridge, a professor of computer science at the University of Oxford, said that with the help of our smartphones we will be able to detect early signs of dementia. He explained that technology could spot increased hesitancy in a person while using their device, which is one possible sign of the condition.

Also Read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/over-75-trillion-tonnes-decline-in-antarcticas-ice-shelves-since-1997-half-show-no-sign-of-recovery-646295">Over 7.5 trillion tonnes decline in Antarctica's ice shelves since 1997, half show 'no sign of recovery'</a>

At an event discussing the pros and cons of AI at The Times and Sunday Times Literature Festival, he said he was “very optimistic” about the opportunities it could provide in healthcare. Wooldridge said: “I have colleagues at Oxford that think that AI is going to enable us to identify the onset of dementia, just from the way that people use their mobile phones.”

<h2>AI in healthcare</h2>

AI, if used efficiently and in control, can have huge benefits to healthcare and medical field, Wooldridge said. It is already being used in some settings to help spot early onset dementia by analysing people’s speech patterns and eye movements.&nbsp;

Researchers say these tools will play a significant role in reducing the burden on dementia assessment services. The average waiting time from a dementia referral to receiving a diagnosis increased from 13 weeks in 2019 to 17.7 weeks in 2021, a survey by the Royal College of Psychiatrists found.

<h2>Threats involved</h2>

Wooldridge, however, warned that large language models, such as ChatGPT, could be exploited by hackers to launch cyberattacks. He said bad actors could use chatbots to carry out attacks on institutions including the NHS and the Ministry of Defence by “firing off a huge number of requests to a website”.

Also Read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/software-by-indian-techies-helps-hear-from-distant-galaxies-make-discoveries-646321">Software by Indian techies helps hear from distant galaxies, make discoveries</a>

The denial of service is among the most basic forms of cyberattack, which works by overwhelming servers with an avalanche of bogus requests for data, making it impossible for legitimate web traffic to get through.

“The website just gets drowned and it can’t respond,” Wooldridge said. “Open AI, who produce ChatGPT, will probably try and prevent you from doing that. But within a few years what happens if we have all got a large language model downloaded from the dark web on our laptop or smartphone and there are just no barriers, there are no guardrails to stop that.”

(With inputs from agencies)

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The Artificial Intelligence (AI) has made significant changes in the digital world. It can now be game-changing in healthcare as well. A recent study by an Oxford professor suggests that with the help of AI we can detect dementia way before doctors can.

The Artificial Intelligence (AI) has made significant changes in the digital world. It can now be game-changing in healthcare as well. A recent study by an Oxford professor suggests that with the help of AI we can detect dementia way before doctors can. Michael Wooldridge, a professor of computer science at the University of Oxford, said that with the help of our smartphones we will be able to detect early signs of dementia. He explained that technology could spot increased hesitancy in a person while using their device, which is one possible sign of the condition. Also Read | Over 7.5 trillion tonnes decline in Antarctica's ice shelves since 1997, half show 'no sign of recovery' At an event discussing the pros and cons of AI at The Times and Sunday Times Literature Festival, he said he was “very optimistic” about the opportunities it could provide in healthcare. Wooldridge said: “I have colleagues at Oxford that think that AI is going to enable us to identify the onset of dementia, just from the way that people use their mobile phones.” AI in healthcare AI, if used efficiently and in control, can have huge benefits to healthcare and medical field, Wooldridge said. It is already being used in some settings to help spot early onset dementia by analysing people’s speech patterns and eye movements. Researchers say these tools will play a significant role in reducing the burden on dementia assessment services. The average waiting time from a dementia referral to receiving a diagnosis increased from 13 weeks in 2019 to 17.7 weeks in 2021, a survey by the Royal College of Psychiatrists found. Threats involved Wooldridge, however, warned that large language models, such as ChatGPT, could be exploited by hackers to launch cyberattacks. He said bad actors could use chatbots to carry out attacks on institutions including the NHS and the Ministry of Defence by “firing off a huge number of requests to a website”. Also Read | Software by Indian techies helps hear from distant galaxies, make discoveries The denial of service is among the most basic forms of cyberattack, which works by overwhelming servers with an avalanche of bogus requests for data, making it impossible for legitimate web traffic to get through. “The website just gets drowned and it can’t respond,” Wooldridge said. “Open AI, who produce ChatGPT, will probably try and prevent you from doing that. But within a few years what happens if we have all got a large language model downloaded from the dark web on our laptop or smartphone and there are just no barriers, there are no guardrails to stop that.” (With inputs from agencies) WATCH WION LIVE HERE You can now write for wionews.com and be a part of the community. Share your stories and opinions with us here.

AI can help detect dementia way before doctors do, claims Oxford professor

AUS vs SA live streaming free: Australia and South Africa will meet each other in the match 10 of the 2023 ICC World Cup on Thursday (Oct 12). The match is slated to be played at the Ekana Cricket Stadium in Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh.

Australia will be coming on the back of a sour loss in their first game of the tournament. The side took on India in their first game of the World Cup and succumbed to a hefty loss.

On the other hand, South Africa are riding high in their confidence after they registered a massive victory in their last game over Sri Lanka in their first game.&nbsp;

Also Read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/sports/aus-vs-sa-head-to-head-world-cup-2023-australia-vs-south-africa-pitch-report-weather-update-live-streaming-645373">AUS vs SA Head-to-head: World Cup 2023- Australia vs South Africa pitch report, weather update, live streaming</a>

Led by Temba Bavuma, the Proteas will hope to continue their winning momentum against Australia as well. Their top order which went all guns blazing in the last ODI World Cup game will aim to come up good yet again against the Men in Yellow.

<h2>AUS vs SA, World Cup 2023: Australia vs South Africa free live-streaming details</h2>

Here are all the live-streaming details of Sunday’s match here:&nbsp;

India- Star Sports and Disney+ Hotstar

Pakistan- PTV Sports&nbsp;

Australia- 9Now and Fox Sports

US and Canada- ESPN+

UK- Sky Sports and My5

New Zealand- Sky Sport and Sky Go

<h2>AUS vs SA, World Cup 2023: When is Australia vs South Africa match to be played?- Date</h2>

The Australia vs South Africa match will be played on Thursday, October 12.&nbsp;

<h2>AUS vs SA, World Cup 2023: At what time Australia vs South Africa match will be played?- Time&nbsp;</h2>

The Australia vs South Africa match will be played at 2:00 pm IST.&nbsp;

<h2>AUS vs SA, World Cup 2023: Where will Australia vs South Africa match be played?- Venue</h2>

The Australia vs South Africa match will be played at Ekana Cricket Stadium, Lucknow.&nbsp;

<h2>AUS vs SA, World Cup 2023: Where to watch the live-telecast of Australia vs South Africa match?</h2>

The live-telecast of the Australia vs South Africa match can be watched on all Star Sports Network channels.&nbsp;

<h2>AUS vs SA, World Cup 2023: How to live-stream the Australia vs South Africa match online?&nbsp;</h2>

The Australia vs South Africa match live-streaming can be watched on the Disney+ Hotstar app and website.

<h2>AUS vs SA World Cup 2023: Australia vs South Africa probable playing XI</h2>

Australia (AUS): David Warner, Mitchell Marsh, Steven Smith, Marnus Labuschagne, Glenn Maxwell, Alex Carey, Marcus Stoinis, Pat Cummins (c), Mitchell Starc, Adam Zampa, Josh Hazlewood

South Africa (SA): Quinton de Kock (wk), Temba Bavuma (c), Rassie van der Dussen, Aiden Markram, Heinrich Klaasen, David Miller, Marco Jansen, Gerald Coetzee, Keshav Maharaj, Kagiso Rabada, Lungi Ngidi

(With inputs from agencies)

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AUS vs SA live streaming free: Australia and South Africa will meet each other in the match 10 of the 2023 ICC World Cup on Thursday (Oct 12). The match is slated to be played at the Ekana Cricket Stadium in Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh.

AUS vs SA live streaming free: Australia and South Africa will meet each other in the match 10 of the 2023 ICC World Cup on Thursday (Oct 12). The match is slated to be played at the Ekana Cricket Stadium in Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh. Australia will be coming on the back of a sour loss in their first game of the tournament. The side took on India in their first game of the World Cup and succumbed to a hefty loss. On the other hand, South Africa are riding high in their confidence after they registered a massive victory in their last game over Sri Lanka in their first game. Also Read | AUS vs SA Head-to-head: World Cup 2023- Australia vs South Africa pitch report, weather update, live streaming Led by Temba Bavuma, the Proteas will hope to continue their winning momentum against Australia as well. Their top order which went all guns blazing in the last ODI World Cup game will aim to come up good yet again against the Men in Yellow. AUS vs SA, World Cup 2023: Australia vs South Africa free live-streaming details Here are all the live-streaming details of Sunday’s match here: India- Star Sports and Disney+ Hotstar Pakistan- PTV Sports Australia- 9Now and Fox Sports US and Canada- ESPN+ UK- Sky Sports and My5 New Zealand- Sky Sport and Sky Go AUS vs SA, World Cup 2023: When is Australia vs South Africa match to be played?- Date The Australia vs South Africa match will be played on Thursday, October 12. AUS vs SA, World Cup 2023: At what time Australia vs South Africa match will be played?- Time The Australia vs South Africa match will be played at 2:00 pm IST. AUS vs SA, World Cup 2023: Where will Australia vs South Africa match be played?- Venue The Australia vs South Africa match will be played at Ekana Cricket Stadium, Lucknow. AUS vs SA, World Cup 2023: Where to watch the live-telecast of Australia vs South Africa match? The live-telecast of the Australia vs South Africa match can be watched on all Star Sports Network channels. AUS vs SA, World Cup 2023: How to live-stream the Australia vs South Africa match online? The Australia vs South Africa match live-streaming can be watched on the Disney+ Hotstar app and website. AUS vs SA World Cup 2023: Australia vs South Africa probable playing XI Australia (AUS): David Warner, Mitchell Marsh, Steven Smith, Marnus Labuschagne, Glenn Maxwell, Alex Carey, Marcus Stoinis, Pat Cummins (c), Mitchell Starc, Adam Zampa, Josh Hazlewood South Africa (SA): Quinton de Kock (wk), Temba Bavuma (c), Rassie van der Dussen, Aiden Markram, Heinrich Klaasen, David Miller, Marco Jansen, Gerald Coetzee, Keshav Maharaj, Kagiso Rabada, Lungi Ngidi (With inputs from agencies) WATCH WION LIVE HERE You can now write for wionews.com and be a part of the community. Share your stories and opinions with us here.

AUS vs SA live streaming: When & where to watch World Cup 2023 Australia vs South Africa live on mobile

AUS vs SA head-to-head: The 2023 World Cup kick-started with the first match between England and New Zealand. The match 10 of the tournament will take place on Thursday (Oct 11) between Australia and South Africa. The game is slated to take place at the Ekana Sports City Stadium in Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh.

Australia will be coming in the match after its defeat against India in their last match. The side took on India in their first match of the World Cup and gave in to a big loss. On the other hand, South Africa registered a massive victory over Sri Lanka in their first match and is confident to win the second game.

Ahead of Thursday’s match, let’s take a look at the head-to-head record of the two teams in ODI matches:

<h2>AUS vs SA World Cup 2023: Australia vs South Africa head-to-head stats</h2>

A total of 108 matches have take place between Australia and South Africa in the ODI format. Australia has won 50 matches while South Africa has won 54 matches.

Total matches played: 108

Matches won by Australia: 50&nbsp;

Matches won by South Africa: 54

<h2>AUS vs SA World Cup 2023: Pitch report</h2>

The surface at the Ekana Cricket Stadium is one that is heavily preferred by the bowlers. The spinners, specifically, will have a lot to gain from such a surface. The batters will look to stay patient in the early stages of the game and steadily build their innings. Hence, opting to bowl first could be viable decision for the captain winning the toss at this venue.

<h2>AUS vs SA World Cup 2023: Weather update</h2>

The weather on Thursday is expected with a day and night temperature range of 35 degree Celcius as the high and 22 degree Celsius as the low. There is very little likelihood of rain at just 1 per cent.&nbsp;

<h2>AUS vs SA World Cup 2023: Australia vs South Africa probable playing XI</h2>

Australia (AUS): David Warner, Mitchell Marsh, Steven Smith, Marnus Labuschagne, Glenn Maxwell, Alex Carey, Marcus Stoinis, Pat Cummins (c), Mitchell Starc, Adam Zampa, Josh Hazlewood

South Africa (SA): Quinton de Kock (wk), Temba Bavuma (c), Rassie van der Dussen, Aiden Markram, Heinrich Klaasen, David Miller, Marco Jansen, Gerald Coetzee, Keshav Maharaj, Kagiso Rabada, Lungi Ngidi

<h2>AUS vs SA World Cup 2023: Australia vs South Africa match details</h2>

Match: Australia vs South Africa, Match 10, World Cup 2023

Venue: Ekana Sports City Stadium, Lucknow

Date &amp; Time: Thursday, October 11, 2:00 pm IST

(With inputs from agencies)

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AUS vs SA head-to-head: The 2023 World Cup kick-started with the first match between England and New Zealand. The match 10 of the tournament will take place on Thursday (Oct 11) between Australia and South Africa.

AUS vs SA head-to-head: The 2023 World Cup kick-started with the first match between England and New Zealand. The match 10 of the tournament will take place on Thursday (Oct 11) between Australia and South Africa. The game is slated to take place at the Ekana Sports City Stadium in Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh. Australia will be coming in the match after its defeat against India in their last match. The side took on India in their first match of the World Cup and gave in to a big loss. On the other hand, South Africa registered a massive victory over Sri Lanka in their first match and is confident to win the second game. Ahead of Thursday’s match, let’s take a look at the head-to-head record of the two teams in ODI matches: AUS vs SA World Cup 2023: Australia vs South Africa head-to-head stats A total of 108 matches have take place between Australia and South Africa in the ODI format. Australia has won 50 matches while South Africa has won 54 matches. Total matches played: 108 Matches won by Australia: 50 Matches won by South Africa: 54 AUS vs SA World Cup 2023: Pitch report The surface at the Ekana Cricket Stadium is one that is heavily preferred by the bowlers. The spinners, specifically, will have a lot to gain from such a surface. The batters will look to stay patient in the early stages of the game and steadily build their innings. Hence, opting to bowl first could be viable decision for the captain winning the toss at this venue. AUS vs SA World Cup 2023: Weather update The weather on Thursday is expected with a day and night temperature range of 35 degree Celcius as the high and 22 degree Celsius as the low. There is very little likelihood of rain at just 1 per cent. AUS vs SA World Cup 2023: Australia vs South Africa probable playing XI Australia (AUS): David Warner, Mitchell Marsh, Steven Smith, Marnus Labuschagne, Glenn Maxwell, Alex Carey, Marcus Stoinis, Pat Cummins (c), Mitchell Starc, Adam Zampa, Josh Hazlewood South Africa (SA): Quinton de Kock (wk), Temba Bavuma (c), Rassie van der Dussen, Aiden Markram, Heinrich Klaasen, David Miller, Marco Jansen, Gerald Coetzee, Keshav Maharaj, Kagiso Rabada, Lungi Ngidi AUS vs SA World Cup 2023: Australia vs South Africa match details Match: Australia vs South Africa, Match 10, World Cup 2023 Venue: Ekana Sports City Stadium, Lucknow Date & Time: Thursday, October 11, 2:00 pm IST (With inputs from agencies) WATCH WION LIVE HERE You can now write for wionews.com and be a part of the community. Share your stories and opinions with us here.

AUS vs SA Head-to-head: World Cup 2023- Australia vs South Africa pitch report, weather update, live streaming

This film travels through the love life of George from his school days to the point of his marriage.

This movie revolves around four brothers and their love-hate relationships. The striking cinematography makes the movie stand apart from all the other movies released in that year.

The movie portrays romance between the taxi driver, Rasool and a sales girl, Anna from the backdrops of Kochi. The couple's story represents lower-middle class and innocence of characters that makes movie different.

The movie tells the story from a girl's perspective in which Pooja Mathew falls for Giri. Through the course of life, Pooja tries to impress Giri by doing crazy things and it takes years to conquer the heart of Giri.


This is a coming-of-age comedy film around a girl named June. The movie revolves around the theme of romantic journey of June through various stages- from school to her professional career.


The story is of a Hindu boy, Vinod, falling in love with a Muslim girl, Aisha. The movie displayed the struggles of an inter-religion relationship, which ended on a positive note.

6 Must-Watch Romantic Malayalam Movies

Israel has fought many wars since its inception as a nation. Israel came into existence as a state in 1948 after the British terminated the Mandate on 14 May 1948. Upon its independence, Israel became almost immediately embroiled in conflicts with its five neighbouring Arab states. Here are some of the major wars fought by Israel in the past.

When the UN voted to partition the British mandate of Palestine into a Jewish state and an Arab state, clashes broke out between Jews and Arabs in Palestine which quickly escalated into a regular war. It ended with a set of agreements between Israel and Arab states.

This was a military attack on Egypt by Britain, France, and Israel, beginning on 29 October 1956, with the intention to occupy the Sinai Peninsula and take over the Suez Canal. Although the Israeli invasion of the Sinai was successful, the United States and USSR forced it to retreat.

It was fought between Israel and Arab neighbours Egypt, Jordan, and Syria. The nations of Iraq, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, and Algeria also contributed troops and arms to the Arab forces. Following the war, the territory held by Israel expanded significantly (The Purple Line) - The West Bank (including East Jerusalem) from Jordan, the Golan Heights from Syria, and Sinai and Gaza from Egypt.

It was a coalition of Arab states led by Egypt and Syria against Israel as a way of recapturing part of the territories which they lost in the Six-Day War. The war began with a surprise joint attack by on the Jewish holiday of Yom Kippur. Both countries crossed the cease-fire lines in the Sinai and Golan Heights. Eventually, Arab forces were defeated by Israel and there were no significant territorial changes.

It began on 6 June 1982, when the IDF invaded southern Lebanon to expel the PLO from the territory. Israel's invasion was a response to the assassination attempt on Israel's ambassador to the United Kingdom, Shlomo Argovand due to the constant terror attacks on northern Israel made by the Palestinian guerrilla organisations. The war resulted in the expulsion of the PLO from Lebanon and created an Israeli Security Zone in southern Lebanon.

It began as a military operation in response to the abduction of two Israeli reserve soldiers by Hezbollah. The operation gradually strengthened into a war. The conflict started on 12 July 2006 and continued until a UN-brokered ceasefire went into effect on 14 August 2006. It formally ended on 8 September 2006, when Israel lifted its naval blockade of Lebanon. The war resulted in a stalemate.

After the Second Lebanon War in 2006, Israel launched many operations into the Gaza Strip- Operation Cast Lead (2008-09), Operation Protective Edge (2014) and Operation Guardian of the Walls (2021), mainly to fight against the Hamas, a political and military organisation currently governing the Gaza Strip.

All Wars Israel Has Fought in the Past

Scientists have discovered a set of “extraordinary” microfossils that preserve muscle tissue from a creature that lived 535 million years ago. The fossils were recovered from the Kuanchuanpu geological formation in southern Shaanxi Province in China. The study was published in the Royal Society journal Proceedings of the Royal Society B.

This geological formation in China is rich in fossils that have helped shed light on a period of Earth’s history known as the Cambrian explosion, which began around 540 million years ago.&nbsp;

Also Read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/climate-crisis-behind-extreme-heat-during-winters-in-south-america-says-study-645140">Climate crisis behind extreme heat during winters in South America, says study</a>

<h2>Cambrian explosion</h2>

The Cambrian period is panned roughly at 539-485 million years ago. The explosion that took place at the beginning of the Cambrian period is called the Cambrian explosion.&nbsp;

The explosion was characterised by an unparalleled emergence of organisms over the course of several million years, including the first appearance of most of the major animal groups we know today.

The microfossils found in the latest study date back to the earliest part of the Cambrian period, known as the Fortunian Age.

Also Read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/bird-flu-thing-of-past-scientists-achieve-major-breakthrough-with-gene-editing-645150">Bird flu thing of the past? Scientists achieve major breakthrough with gene-editing</a>

It is not clear exactly what animals the fossils belong to. However, the researchers have proposed that the&nbsp;preserved muscle tissue is from an animal group known as the cycloneuralians. Finding the preserved muscle or nerve tissue among these cycloneuralins is new discovery and has never been heard of before.

<h2>Why is this finding significant?</h2>

The finding is significant because it will shed light on the musculature systems of early animals, features that are typically not preserved in the fossil record but are critical in understanding the behaviours of early animals.&nbsp;

“Such fossils are extremely rare—literally a needle in a haystack," Shuhai Xiao, a researcher in the Department of Geosciences at Virginia Tech University and an author of the study, told Newsweek.

The cycloneuralian group includes animals such as roundworms and mud dragons that are characterised by a worm-like body. The group first appears in the fossil record at the beginning of the Cambrian period, and there are several species alive today.

Also Read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/scientists-find-spinning-supermassive-black-hole-in-distant-galaxy-after-20-years-of-research-645158">Scientists find spinning supermassive black hole in distant galaxy after 20 years of research</a>

In the latest study, the researchers describe three fossil specimens, measuring just a few millimetres across, which they say represent preserved cycloneuralian muscle tissue from a body part known as the proboscis—a kind of sucking organ.

Among the specimens, one labelled NIGP179459 is better preserved, consisting of five successively larger rings with interconnecting structures, which the researchers interpreted to represent preserved proboscis muscle tissue.&nbsp;

It is unclear why the muscle tissue has been preserved in isolation from the host animal, according to the researchers.

(With inputs from agencies)

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&nbsp;

Scientists have discovered a set of “extraordinary” microfossils that preserve muscle tissue from a creature that lived 535 million years ago. The fossils were recovered from the Kuanchuanpu geological formation in southern Shaanxi Province in China.

Scientists have discovered a set of “extraordinary” microfossils that preserve muscle tissue from a creature that lived 535 million years ago. The fossils were recovered from the Kuanchuanpu geological formation in southern Shaanxi Province in China. The study was published in the Royal Society journal Proceedings of the Royal Society B. This geological formation in China is rich in fossils that have helped shed light on a period of Earth’s history known as the Cambrian explosion, which began around 540 million years ago. Also Read | Climate crisis behind extreme heat during winters in South America, says study Cambrian explosion The Cambrian period is panned roughly at 539-485 million years ago. The explosion that took place at the beginning of the Cambrian period is called the Cambrian explosion. The explosion was characterised by an unparalleled emergence of organisms over the course of several million years, including the first appearance of most of the major animal groups we know today. The microfossils found in the latest study date back to the earliest part of the Cambrian period, known as the Fortunian Age. Also Read | Bird flu thing of the past? Scientists achieve major breakthrough with gene-editing It is not clear exactly what animals the fossils belong to. However, the researchers have proposed that the preserved muscle tissue is from an animal group known as the cycloneuralians. Finding the preserved muscle or nerve tissue among these cycloneuralins is new discovery and has never been heard of before. Why is this finding significant? The finding is significant because it will shed light on the musculature systems of early animals, features that are typically not preserved in the fossil record but are critical in understanding the behaviours of early animals. “Such fossils are extremely rare—literally a needle in a haystack," Shuhai Xiao, a researcher in the Department of Geosciences at Virginia Tech University and an author of the study, told Newsweek. The cycloneuralian group includes animals such as roundworms and mud dragons that are characterised by a worm-like body. The group first appears in the fossil record at the beginning of the Cambrian period, and there are several species alive today. Also Read | Scientists find spinning supermassive black hole in distant galaxy after 20 years of research In the latest study, the researchers describe three fossil specimens, measuring just a few millimetres across, which they say represent preserved cycloneuralian muscle tissue from a body part known as the proboscis—a kind of sucking organ. Among the specimens, one labelled NIGP179459 is better preserved, consisting of five successively larger rings with interconnecting structures, which the researchers interpreted to represent preserved proboscis muscle tissue. It is unclear why the muscle tissue has been preserved in isolation from the host animal, according to the researchers. (With inputs from agencies) WATCH WION LIVE HERE You can now write for wionews.com and be a part of the community. Share your stories and opinions with us here.

Scientists discover 535-million-year-old creature with rare preserved muscle

World Arthritis Day 2023: World Arthritis Day is observed annually on October 12. The day is dedicated to create awareness about arthritis and other musculoskeletal diseases. With this day, the global community aims to educate people about the early signs, causes, diagnosis and prevention to arthritis.

Arthritis and its types

Arthritis is not a single disease but a broad term for more than 100 diseases related to joints than can cause swelling in or around a joint, which results in pain and stiffness. Major arthritis can also lead to difficulty in walking.&nbsp;

There are different types of arthritis including rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, juvenile idiopathic arthritis, Gout, Psoriatic arthritis, Septic arthritis, and more. Each type of arthritis varies in terms of signs, symptoms, and causes. The most common ones are osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.

<h2>World Arthritis Day 2023: History</h2>

The first World Arthritis day was observed in 1996. The day provides an opportunity for all communities to come together and&nbsp;find a common voice to help bring the much-needed message to all audiences.

<h2>World Arthritis Day 2023: Significance</h2>

The main significance of celebrating World Arthritis Day is to promote understanding of arthritis, dispel myths and misconceptions, and provide accurate information about the condition.

The day also aims to provide greater support for those living with arthritis and encourages research into the prevention and cure of these conditions. Various organisations, healthcare providers and individuals participate in activities and events to mark this day, spreading knowledge about arthritis and promoting a better quality of life for those affected by it.

<h2>World Arthritis Day 2023: Theme</h2>

This year, the theme of World Arthritis Day is “Living with an RMD at all stages of life”.

<h2>World Arthritis Day 2023: Early signs of arthritis</h2>

The most common early sign of arthritis is pain in the joints. Here are some other signs that can be a probable arthritis:

- shortness of breath

- fever

- chest pain

- eye inflammation or dryness

- swelling of fingers&nbsp;

- redness near joints

(With inputs from agencies)

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World Arthritis Day 2023: World Arthritis Day is observed annually on October 12. The day is dedicated to create awareness about arthritis and other musculoskeletal diseases.

World Arthritis Day 2023: World Arthritis Day is observed annually on October 12. The day is dedicated to create awareness about arthritis and other musculoskeletal diseases. With this day, the global community aims to educate people about the early signs, causes, diagnosis and prevention to arthritis. Arthritis and its types Arthritis is not a single disease but a broad term for more than 100 diseases related to joints than can cause swelling in or around a joint, which results in pain and stiffness. Major arthritis can also lead to difficulty in walking. There are different types of arthritis including rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, juvenile idiopathic arthritis, Gout, Psoriatic arthritis, Septic arthritis, and more. Each type of arthritis varies in terms of signs, symptoms, and causes. The most common ones are osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. World Arthritis Day 2023: History The first World Arthritis day was observed in 1996. The day provides an opportunity for all communities to come together and find a common voice to help bring the much-needed message to all audiences. World Arthritis Day 2023: Significance The main significance of celebrating World Arthritis Day is to promote understanding of arthritis, dispel myths and misconceptions, and provide accurate information about the condition. The day also aims to provide greater support for those living with arthritis and encourages research into the prevention and cure of these conditions. Various organisations, healthcare providers and individuals participate in activities and events to mark this day, spreading knowledge about arthritis and promoting a better quality of life for those affected by it. World Arthritis Day 2023: Theme This year, the theme of World Arthritis Day is “Living with an RMD at all stages of life”. World Arthritis Day 2023: Early signs of arthritis The most common early sign of arthritis is pain in the joints. Here are some other signs that can be a probable arthritis: - shortness of breath - fever - chest pain - eye inflammation or dryness - swelling of fingers - redness near joints (With inputs from agencies) WATCH WION LIVE HERE You can now write for wionews.com and be a part of the community. Share your stories and opinions with us here.

World Arthritis Day 2023: History, significance, theme and early signs of arthritis

Workers at major US and UK brands, like Mcdonald’s and Amazon, working for their Middle Eastern branches have alleged&nbsp;violations of labour laws, including low pay and harsh working conditions. The revelations were made in an investigative report by The Guardian.&nbsp;

Nearly 100 migrant workers from Asia reported to The Guardian of repressive labour practices while working at the Persian Gulf locations of four well-known brands- McDonald’s, Amazon, Chuck E Cheese and InterContinental Hotels.&nbsp;

Also Read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/business-economy/google-ceo-sundar-pichai-addresses-employees-working-in-israel-amidst-conflict-645218">Google CEO Sundar Pichai addresses employees working in Israel amidst conflict&nbsp;</a>

The workers were interviewed as part of Trafficking Inc, a joint investigation by the Guardian US, the International Consortium of Investigative Journalists (ICIJ), NBC News, Arab Reporters for Investigative Journalism and other media partners.

<h2>Harsh, unbearable working conditions&nbsp;</h2>

Macrae Lee and Buddhiman Sunar, migrant labourers from Asia, talked to The Guardian while recalling the horrific working environment at McDonald's&nbsp;locations owned and operated by the Prince’s Riyadh International Catering Corp (RICC).

Lee, from the Philippines, says RICC’s store managers ordered him to put in as many as 22 hours a day and hundreds of hours of unpaid overtime. He was denied days off&nbsp;for rest even when he was down with a fever. When he tried to quit, a manager withheld paperwork that would have permitted him to find a new employer, he claims. This left him jobless and begging on the street for food and water.

Also Read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/us-intel-searches-for-iranian-link-in-hamas-attack-on-israel-645243">US intel searches for Iranian link in Hamas attack on Israel</a>

Sunar, who is from Nepal, said he had to pay a pretty high recruiting fee to an employment agent in his country to work at the prince’s fast-food outlets. When he was in Riyadh, he worked 13-and 14-hour shifts with no breaks. Also, managers used to abuse him, calling him, “an animal”, told Sunar. When he stepped outside the restaurant, he says, he had to fill out an “incident report” explaining why.

<h2>Indicators of labour trafficking</h2>

The current and former workers say independent employment agents in their home countries coerced them into paying exorbitant recruiting fees. While labour contractors and workplace supervisors in Saudi Arabia and other destination countries subjected them to abuses that included confiscating their passports and limiting their freedom to leave their jobs.

Also Read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/israels-close-to-forming-unity-govt-following-hamas-terror-attack-645240">Israel close to forming unity govt following Hamas terror attack</a>

These practices are widely identified as indicators of labour trafficking by the United Nations (UN).

Michael Page, deputy director of the Middle East and North Africa division at Human Rights Watch, says big companies have responsibilities under UN human rights standards to check their global operations and supply chains. This has to be done even when the component is a franchise holder instead of a company-owned branch.

(With inputs from agencies)

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&nbsp;

Workers at major US and UK brands, like Mcdonald’s and Amazon, working for their Middle Eastern branches have alleged violations of labour laws, including low pay and harsh working conditions.

Workers at major US and UK brands, like Mcdonald’s and Amazon, working for their Middle Eastern branches have alleged violations of labour laws, including low pay and harsh working conditions. The revelations were made in an investigative report by The Guardian. Nearly 100 migrant workers from Asia reported to The Guardian of repressive labour practices while working at the Persian Gulf locations of four well-known brands- McDonald’s, Amazon, Chuck E Cheese and InterContinental Hotels. Also Read | Google CEO Sundar Pichai addresses employees working in Israel amidst conflict The workers were interviewed as part of Trafficking Inc, a joint investigation by the Guardian US, the International Consortium of Investigative Journalists (ICIJ), NBC News, Arab Reporters for Investigative Journalism and other media partners. Harsh, unbearable working conditions Macrae Lee and Buddhiman Sunar, migrant labourers from Asia, talked to The Guardian while recalling the horrific working environment at McDonald's locations owned and operated by the Prince’s Riyadh International Catering Corp (RICC). Lee, from the Philippines, says RICC’s store managers ordered him to put in as many as 22 hours a day and hundreds of hours of unpaid overtime. He was denied days off for rest even when he was down with a fever. When he tried to quit, a manager withheld paperwork that would have permitted him to find a new employer, he claims. This left him jobless and begging on the street for food and water. Also Read | US intel searches for Iranian link in Hamas attack on Israel Sunar, who is from Nepal, said he had to pay a pretty high recruiting fee to an employment agent in his country to work at the prince’s fast-food outlets. When he was in Riyadh, he worked 13-and 14-hour shifts with no breaks. Also, managers used to abuse him, calling him, “an animal”, told Sunar. When he stepped outside the restaurant, he says, he had to fill out an “incident report” explaining why. Indicators of labour trafficking The current and former workers say independent employment agents in their home countries coerced them into paying exorbitant recruiting fees. While labour contractors and workplace supervisors in Saudi Arabia and other destination countries subjected them to abuses that included confiscating their passports and limiting their freedom to leave their jobs. Also Read | Israel close to forming unity govt following Hamas terror attack These practices are widely identified as indicators of labour trafficking by the United Nations (UN). Michael Page, deputy director of the Middle East and North Africa division at Human Rights Watch, says big companies have responsibilities under UN human rights standards to check their global operations and supply chains. This has to be done even when the component is a franchise holder instead of a company-owned branch. (With inputs from agencies) WATCH WION LIVE HERE You can now write for wionews.com and be a part of the community. Share your stories and opinions with us here.

McDonald's, Amazon in Middle East accused of labour exploitation and trafficking: Report

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Zee News Rajasthan

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