The U.S. Department of war is reportedly drafting a revised classified nuclear strategy led by defence planners to give the Commander-in-Chief new options in regional conflicts. The policy focuses on integrating lower-yield tactical nuclear weapons to defend allies from attacks by Russia or China. We break down what tactical nukes are, and what this strategy means for NATO allies.

Trump Goes Nuclear, Prepares for War with China, Russia | GRAVITAS 

As geopolitical tensions sharpen and debates over United States actions toward Iran intensify, deeper questions are emerging about the durability of the post-war international order. Much of the current discourse remains focused on immediate actions and perceived violations of norms. What is often missing, however, is a broader historical perspective—an understanding of how this order was constructed, and the conditions under which it emerged.The international system that is frequently invoked today did not arise organically. It was designed—deliberately and systematically—in the aftermath of catastrophic global conflict. To understand its current trajectory, it is necessary to revisit how it was conceived and the circumstances that enabled its creation.Even before the Second World War, efforts had been made to construct a more stable global system. Woodrow Wilson’s proposal for a League of Nations following World War I was ultimately rejected by the United States Senate, widely dismissed at the time as idealistic. Yet it established an enduring intellectual premise: that international order could be consciously constructed, rather than left solely to shifting balances of power.That premise re-emerged under far more favourable conditions during and after the Second World War. The Dumbarton Oaks Conference laid the foundations for the United Nations system, while the Bretton Woods Conference established the architecture for global finance. Together, these frameworks shaped not only security and economic relations, but over time trade, development, and governance norms across the international system.The United States played a central role in this process. It provided strategic leadership, political momentum, and the institutional imagination required to translate post-war devastation into a functioning order. At the same time, it engaged selectively—remaining outside certain frameworks such as the International Criminal Court and the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, even as it shaped many others.This system was born out of trauma. The devastation of two world wars brought unprecedented levels of violence and destruction, transforming both the ethics and limits of conflict. A fragile consensus—“never again”—began to take shape. Concepts such as restraint, legitimacy, and moral authority entered the strategic lexicon, tempering the older doctrine of “might is right.” Yet ultimate authority remained concentrated in the hands of a small group of powerful states.Today, that order is visibly under strain.The rise of China, the re-emergence of India, and the renewed assertiveness of Russia, together with the growing influence of regional and middle powers, are reshaping the global balance. At the same time, technological disruption—from artificial intelligence to cyber capabilities—and renewed competition over energy and resources are transforming the foundations of power itself.In this context, debates within the United States have taken on increasing urgency. Some American strategists argue that Washington has been “sleeping at the switch”—that it has failed to assert its dominance decisively and risks strategic drift. Seen through this lens, developments involving Iran become more than regional issues. They become platforms for signalling—not only to Tehran, but to Beijing and other actors in a changing global system.Recent actions underscore a clear reality: the United States still possesses the most advanced and capable military power in history, with unmatched global reach. It is worth noting, however, what has not been used. The restraint shown—particularly the avoidance of escalation into nuclear thresholds or other extreme forms of warfare—may prove as significant as the actions themselves.Yet if current trends continue—where power increasingly substitutes for principle—this will not remain a uniquely American dilemma. Other major and regional powers, including China, India, and an assertive Russia, as well as influential middle powers, may soon face similar strategic choices. As capabilities expand, so too does the temptation—or perceived necessity—to act outside established norms. What begins as exception risks becoming precedent.This is the paradox of great power transition. Once “might” becomes the primary currency of legitimacy, it generates systemic pressure on all major actors to behave in ways that reinforce that logic. In such an environment, restraint is no longer rewarded; it is penalised.At that point, the question is no longer whether the system is under strain, but whether it is capable of renewal.Incremental adjustments and crisis management may stabilise the present, but they do not shape the future. Without a broader framework, they risk becoming a form of strategic drift—managing disorder rather than designing order.There is precedent for such design. The Dumbarton Oaks process itself was not a summit of heads of state, but a structured diplomatic effort conducted by senior officials operating with political authorisation. It was shaped by strong leadership, but also by negotiation, sequencing, and compromise among competing interests.A contemporary equivalent would necessarily be more complex. It would have to reflect a more diffuse distribution of power and a lower level of trust among major actors. It would require an approach that is consultative rather than directive, incremental rather than declaratory, and focused on convergence rather than dominance.Any such effort would need to include the United States, China, India, and Russia as central actors, alongside other major, legacy, and regional powers. India’s role would not be that of a hegemonic architect, but of a credible convenor capable of bridging divides across competing systems and interests.Symbolism would matter. A venue such as Nalanda—once a global centre of learning that drew scholars from across Asia and beyond—offers more than historical resonance. It represents a tradition of intellectual exchange that transcended political boundaries, a space where knowledge, dialogue, and pluralism flourished across cultures and civilisations. In a contemporary context marked by fragmentation and strategic mistrust, such symbolism carries practical value. Nalanda, in this sense, is not merely a place—it is a metaphor for a more open, dialogic, and civilisationally grounded approach to organising international cooperation.In the absence of such an initiative, managed competition will give way to unmanaged rivalry, where stability becomes episodic and crisis becomes the default condition.&nbsp;A durable global architecture will depend on the active participation of the United States, China, India, and Russia—alongside other major, legacy, and regional powers—around which a stable international order must be constructed.The post-war system was not inevitable; it was envisioned, negotiated, and built. As it comes under increasing strain, the central question is whether the international community still possesses the imagination—and discipline—to do so again, before drift hardens into irreversible disorder.&nbsp;Disclaimer: The views of the writer do not represent the views of WION or ZMCL. Nor does WION or ZMCL endorse the views of the writer.

Even before the Second World War, efforts had been made to construct a more stable global system. Woodrow Wilson’s proposal for a League of Nations following World War I was ultimately rejected by the United States Senate, widely dismissed at the time as idealistic.

As geopolitical tensions sharpen and debates over United States actions toward Iran intensify, deeper questions are emerging about the durability of the post-war international order. Much of the current discourse remains focused on immediate actions and perceived violations of norms. What is often missing, however, is a broader historical perspective—an understanding of how this order was constructed, and the conditions under which it emerged. The international system that is frequently invoked today did not arise organically. It was designed—deliberately and systematically—in the aftermath of catastrophic global conflict. To understand its current trajectory, it is necessary to revisit how it was conceived and the circumstances that enabled its creation. Even before the Second World War, efforts had been made to construct a more stable global system. Woodrow Wilson’s proposal for a League of Nations following World War I was ultimately rejected by the United States Senate, widely dismissed at the time as idealistic. Yet it established an enduring intellectual premise: that international order could be consciously constructed, rather than left solely to shifting balances of power. That premise re-emerged under far more favourable conditions during and after the Second World War. The Dumbarton Oaks Conference laid the foundations for the United Nations system, while the Bretton Woods Conference established the architecture for global finance. Together, these frameworks shaped not only security and economic relations, but over time trade, development, and governance norms across the international system. The United States played a central role in this process. It provided strategic leadership, political momentum, and the institutional imagination required to translate post-war devastation into a functioning order. At the same time, it engaged selectively—remaining outside certain frameworks such as the International Criminal Court and the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, even as it shaped many others. This system was born out of trauma. The devastation of two world wars brought unprecedented levels of violence and destruction, transforming both the ethics and limits of conflict. A fragile consensus—“never again”—began to take shape. Concepts such as restraint, legitimacy, and moral authority entered the strategic lexicon, tempering the older doctrine of “might is right.” Yet ultimate authority remained concentrated in the hands of a small group of powerful states. Today, that order is visibly under strain. The rise of China, the re-emergence of India, and the renewed assertiveness of Russia, together with the growing influence of regional and middle powers, are reshaping the global balance. At the same time, technological disruption—from artificial intelligence to cyber capabilities—and renewed competition over energy and resources are transforming the foundations of power itself. In this context, debates within the United States have taken on increasing urgency. Some American strategists argue that Washington has been “sleeping at the switch”—that it has failed to assert its dominance decisively and risks strategic drift. Seen through this lens, developments involving Iran become more than regional issues. They become platforms for signalling—not only to Tehran, but to Beijing and other actors in a changing global system. Recent actions underscore a clear reality: the United States still possesses the most advanced and capable military power in history, with unmatched global reach. It is worth noting, however, what has not been used. The restraint shown—particularly the avoidance of escalation into nuclear thresholds or other extreme forms of warfare—may prove as significant as the actions themselves. Yet if current trends continue—where power increasingly substitutes for principle—this will not remain a uniquely American dilemma. Other major and regional powers, including China, India, and an assertive Russia, as well as influential middle powers, may soon face similar strategic choices. As capabilities expand, so too does the temptation—or perceived necessity—to act outside established norms. What begins as exception risks becoming precedent. This is the paradox of great power transition. Once “might” becomes the primary currency of legitimacy, it generates systemic pressure on all major actors to behave in ways that reinforce that logic. In such an environment, restraint is no longer rewarded; it is penalised. At that point, the question is no longer whether the system is under strain, but whether it is capable of renewal. Incremental adjustments and crisis management may stabilise the present, but they do not shape the future. Without a broader framework, they risk becoming a form of strategic drift—managing disorder rather than designing order. There is precedent for such design. The Dumbarton Oaks process itself was not a summit of heads of state, but a structured diplomatic effort conducted by senior officials operating with political authorisation. It was shaped by strong leadership, but also by negotiation, sequencing, and compromise among competing interests. A contemporary equivalent would necessarily be more complex. It would have to reflect a more diffuse distribution of power and a lower level of trust among major actors. It would require an approach that is consultative rather than directive, incremental rather than declaratory, and focused on convergence rather than dominance. Any such effort would need to include the United States, China, India, and Russia as central actors, alongside other major, legacy, and regional powers. India’s role would not be that of a hegemonic architect, but of a credible convenor capable of bridging divides across competing systems and interests. Symbolism would matter. A venue such as Nalanda—once a global centre of learning that drew scholars from across Asia and beyond—offers more than historical resonance. It represents a tradition of intellectual exchange that transcended political boundaries, a space where knowledge, dialogue, and pluralism flourished across cultures and civilisations. In a contemporary context marked by fragmentation and strategic mistrust, such symbolism carries practical value. Nalanda, in this sense, is not merely a place—it is a metaphor for a more open, dialogic, and civilisationally grounded approach to organising international cooperation. In the absence of such an initiative, managed competition will give way to unmanaged rivalry, where stability becomes episodic and crisis becomes the default condition. A durable global architecture will depend on the active participation of the United States, China, India, and Russia—alongside other major, legacy, and regional powers—around which a stable international order must be constructed. The post-war system was not inevitable; it was envisioned, negotiated, and built. As it comes under increasing strain, the central question is whether the international community still possesses the imagination—and discipline—to do so again, before drift hardens into irreversible disorder. Disclaimer: The views of the writer do not represent the views of WION or ZMCL. Nor does WION or ZMCL endorse the views of the writer.

Even before the Second World War, efforts had been made to construct a more stable global system. Woodrow Wilson’s proposal for a League of Nations following World War I was ultimately rejected by the United States Senate, widely dismissed at the time as idealistic.

From Dumbarton Oaks to Nalanda: The Emerging Strain on the Post-War Order

The war in West Asia is forcing everyone to play a game no one can simply walk away from. The longer it continues, the worse things will become for consumers and companies. Central banks are also facing their toughest challenges. We decode that and more in this next report. Take a look.

The World Waits for a Sharp Slowdown

To put that into context, the total money spent adjusted for inflation on wars is more than the entire GDP of every country except the US and China. In this Next News in Numbers report, we list the amount spent by the US on different wars since 1971.

World Wars: Since 1917, America Has Spent Over 14 Trillion Dollars on Wars

With staggering death tolls and mass devastation, these conflicts serve as a remainder of how far humanity has gone in pursuit of power and wealth.

'From World War 2 to Napoleonic Wars': 7 of history’s bloodiest conflicts that claimed millions of lives

The US and Philippines routinely conduct annual combat drills amid rising tensions with China. During the annual Balikatan exercises the warships from both countries glide in formation with the aim to enhance interoperability and demonstrate the strength of the two alliances but this time around before the mock assault drill could even start between the US and Philippines a warship unexpectedly sank before it could be sunk as part of the planned exercise.

World War II ship sinks before mock drills

A military parade street parties and a balcony appearance by Britain's royal family they're all part of UK celebrations of 80 years since the end of World War II.

VE Day 80: Nationwide parades & tributes honour WW-II generation

A military parade, street parties and a balcony appearance by the royal family will on Monday begin four days of UK celebrations to mark 80 years since the end of World War II.
King Charles III, Prime Minister Keir Starmer and thousands of spectators will watch NATO personnel from the US, France and Germany, along with Ukrainian troops, in a military procession that will begin with Winston Churchill's 1945 victory speech, voiced by actor Timothy Spall.
Also read: <a href="https://www.wionews.com/web-stories/luxury-and-lifestyle/fire-of-world-war-2-why-zippo-is-still-the-worlds-most-luxurious-lighter-in-2025-9027083">'Fire of World War 2': Why Zippo is still the world&rsquo;s most luxurious lighter in 2025</a>
As European countries gear up to celebrate Victory in Europe (VE) Day on May 8, the war in Ukraine is a reminder "that peace is never to be taken for granted", Charles told the Italian parliament last month.
"Today, sadly, the echoes of those times&ndash;&ndash; which we fervently hoped had been consigned to history&ndash;&ndash; reverberate across our continent," the king said.
Monday's procession will culminate in a fly past featuring aerobatic team the Red Arrows and 23 current and historic military aircraft, which the 76-year-old monarch and other working royals will watch from the balcony of Buckingham Palace.
It was from the same balcony on May 8, 1945, that King George VI and Queen Elizabeth -- alongside their daughters Princesses Elizabeth and Margaret, and then Prime Minister Churchill -- greeted tens of thousands of Londoners celebrating what Churchill declared the "day of victory in Europe".
That night, the two princesses, then 19 and 14, were allowed to leave the palace and join the jubilant crowds incognito.
Some 40 years later, Elizabeth, by then queen, described the night as "one of the most memorable" of her life.
<h3>Poppies, pubs and parties&nbsp;</h3>
This year's commemorations will take on extra poignancy given the fading of the "Greatest Generation".
This will be the last major commemoration for which "anyone will still be alive who actually served in the Second World War," monarchy specialist Robert Hazell of University College London told AFP.
Buckingham Palace will on Monday host a reception to celebrate veterans and people of the WWII generation.
Their numbers are dwindling, leaving younger generations increasingly disconnected from the conflict that shook the continent from 1939 to 1945.
"It's important to remember some of the poor devils who didn't make it like I did," 99-year-old Royal Air Force Veteran Dennis Bishop told AFP.
The first act on a chilly Monday morning in London was the draping of two huge Union Jack flags on the Cenotaph war memorial that honours Britain's war dead.
The usually bustling central London streets were deserted, except for The Mall outside Buckingham Palace, where hundreds of people set up camp with chairs and rugs.
"It's so emotional to be here today. Eighty years of peace and peace of mind, I don't know if we understand what achievement it is. Where would we be without them?" said Patrick Beacon, 76, who arrived with his wife at around 7 am (0600 GMT) to get the "best view".
<h3>'Debt of gratitude'&nbsp;</h3>
Among other events, there will be a party on HMS Belfast -- one of the few surviving British warships from WWII -- which is moored on the banks of the Thames.
And people are invited to take part in hundreds of other parties, picnics, installations and commemorations that will take place across the country through the week until VE Day on Thursday.
On Tuesday, Queen Camilla will visit an art installation of around 30,000 ceramic red poppies -&ndash; symbols of remembrance for the war dead -&ndash; at the iconic Tower of London.
Celebrations will draw to a close on Thursday with a two-minute national silence, observed by the royals and at government buildings at noon.
King Charles, who has been undergoing treatment for cancer for over a year, and Queen Camilla will attend a service of thanksgiving at Westminster Abbey, followed by a concert at London's Horse Guards Parade.
The royal family is hoping "nothing will detract or distract" from the celebrations after Prince Harry, Charles' youngest son, gave a bombshell interview on Friday, according to UK media.
Pubs across the country have been allowed to stay open two hours later as part of the celebrations.
"We owe a debt of gratitude to those prepared to make the ultimate sacrifice for our country," Prime Minister Keir Starmer wrote on X late Sunday.

A military parade, street parties and a balcony appearance by the royal family will on Monday begin four days of UK celebrations to mark 80 years since the end of World War II. World

A military parade, street parties and a balcony appearance by the royal family will on Monday begin four days of UK celebrations to mark 80 years since the end of World War II. King Charles III, Prime Minister Keir Starmer and thousands of spectators will watch NATO personnel from the US, France and Germany, along with Ukrainian troops, in a military procession that will begin with Winston Churchill's 1945 victory speech, voiced by actor Timothy Spall. Also read: 'Fire of World War 2': Why Zippo is still the world’s most luxurious lighter in 2025 As European countries gear up to celebrate Victory in Europe (VE) Day on May 8, the war in Ukraine is a reminder "that peace is never to be taken for granted", Charles told the Italian parliament last month. "Today, sadly, the echoes of those times–– which we fervently hoped had been consigned to history–– reverberate across our continent," the king said. Monday's procession will culminate in a fly past featuring aerobatic team the Red Arrows and 23 current and historic military aircraft, which the 76-year-old monarch and other working royals will watch from the balcony of Buckingham Palace. It was from the same balcony on May 8, 1945, that King George VI and Queen Elizabeth -- alongside their daughters Princesses Elizabeth and Margaret, and then Prime Minister Churchill -- greeted tens of thousands of Londoners celebrating what Churchill declared the "day of victory in Europe". That night, the two princesses, then 19 and 14, were allowed to leave the palace and join the jubilant crowds incognito. Some 40 years later, Elizabeth, by then queen, described the night as "one of the most memorable" of her life. Poppies, pubs and parties This year's commemorations will take on extra poignancy given the fading of the "Greatest Generation". This will be the last major commemoration for which "anyone will still be alive who actually served in the Second World War," monarchy specialist Robert Hazell of University College London told AFP. Buckingham Palace will on Monday host a reception to celebrate veterans and people of the WWII generation. Their numbers are dwindling, leaving younger generations increasingly disconnected from the conflict that shook the continent from 1939 to 1945. "It's important to remember some of the poor devils who didn't make it like I did," 99-year-old Royal Air Force Veteran Dennis Bishop told AFP. The first act on a chilly Monday morning in London was the draping of two huge Union Jack flags on the Cenotaph war memorial that honours Britain's war dead. The usually bustling central London streets were deserted, except for The Mall outside Buckingham Palace, where hundreds of people set up camp with chairs and rugs. "It's so emotional to be here today. Eighty years of peace and peace of mind, I don't know if we understand what achievement it is. Where would we be without them?" said Patrick Beacon, 76, who arrived with his wife at around 7 am (0600 GMT) to get the "best view". 'Debt of gratitude' Among other events, there will be a party on HMS Belfast -- one of the few surviving British warships from WWII -- which is moored on the banks of the Thames. And people are invited to take part in hundreds of other parties, picnics, installations and commemorations that will take place across the country through the week until VE Day on Thursday. On Tuesday, Queen Camilla will visit an art installation of around 30,000 ceramic red poppies -– symbols of remembrance for the war dead -– at the iconic Tower of London. Celebrations will draw to a close on Thursday with a two-minute national silence, observed by the royals and at government buildings at noon. King Charles, who has been undergoing treatment for cancer for over a year, and Queen Camilla will attend a service of thanksgiving at Westminster Abbey, followed by a concert at London's Horse Guards Parade. The royal family is hoping "nothing will detract or distract" from the celebrations after Prince Harry, Charles' youngest son, gave a bombshell interview on Friday, according to UK media. Pubs across the country have been allowed to stay open two hours later as part of the celebrations. "We owe a debt of gratitude to those prepared to make the ultimate sacrifice for our country," Prime Minister Keir Starmer wrote on X late Sunday.

End of World War II: 80th anniversary celebration underway in UK

Amid the ongoing conflict in Ukraine, Russia has conducted extensive nuclear drills stimulating a massive response to potential enemy strikes and this comes after Russian President Vladimir Putin highlighted the importance of modern nuclear forces. Watch in for more details!

Russia President Vladimir Putin Insists On Modernising  Nuclear Capabilities Amid Conflict

India, US sign Rs 32,000-crore deal to procure 31 Predator drones. General Atomics manufactures Predator MQ-9B High Altitude Long Endurance UAV. Deal will enhance the surveillance capabilities of the Indian armed forces. Deal also includes 170 AGM-114R Hellfire missiles, 16 M36E9 Hellfire training missiles. Indian Navy likely to get 15, while eight each will be allotted to Army and Air Force. Watch to know more!

India, US Sign Rs 32,000-Crore Deal To Procure 31 Predator Drones | WION Originals

History books tell us that the First World War started in 1914 and went on till 1918. But what if this was not the first such war to be fought on Earth? A study has revealed that the first war to be fought on such a massive scale took place some 32 centuries ago.&nbsp;

It comprised a series of conflicts across much of Europe, the Mediterranean, North Africa and the Middle East. Two strong armies from two different parts of Europe engaged in a battle just south of the Baltic Sea. At least 400 miles of land separated their homes - &nbsp;with one coming from Bavaria (current Czech Republic) and a northern one from what is now north-east Germany.

Over 2,000 soldiers fought the epic war which was triggered by a series of conflicts and crises. There was chaos in several parts of the world and everything, from Scandinavia to the Sahara and from Western Europe to today's Iraq, was affected.&nbsp;

The new findings have been published in the UK-based academic journal, Antiquity.

It was fought in the valley of the River Tollense around 1250 BC.

The period was fraught with political turmoil with several major empires reaching their demise.&nbsp;

This included the fall of the first great Greek civilisation (the Mycenaeans) from around 1230 BC, the collapse of the Middle East’s Hittite empire in the 1190s BC, the weakening of ancient Egypt from around 1180 BC, and the decline of Babylon by 1155 BC.

Also Read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/120-million-year-old-part-of-earth-lost-since-break-up-of-pangea-discovered-760618">120-million-year-old part of Earth lost since break up of Pangea discovered</a>

This is also when the final 13th century BC collapse of the Indus Valley civilisation happened. Major political centres in Romania, Hungary and northern Serbia also declined in the 12th century.&nbsp;

<h2>Proof of the war</h2>

A likely proof of the major conflict is the construction of defensive ramparts in Bavaria, Austria, Bohemia, and as far west as Ireland in the 13th century.&nbsp;

Archaeologists have found proof that the battle was not only the earliest known major battle in Europe but was fought on a much larger scale than previously thought. The remains of 160 warriors have been found so far, despite only a tiny fraction of the battlefield being excavated.&nbsp;

Around 54 bronze arrowheads have also been found, which align with the injuries on the bodies of the soldiers as most of them are believed to have been killed by them.

Another proof of the war was the two types of arrows found - one from north-east Germany, the other from southern Germany or from Bohemia or Moravia in what is now the Czech Republic.

“Our study of this battlefield completely changes our understanding of Bronze Age society,” prehistorian Professor Thomas Terberger of the University of Göttingen, a co-author of today’s Antiquity paper, said.

“Our investigations have been revealing the unexpected scale and level of military and political organisation in that period,” he added.

History books tell us that the First World War started in 1914 and went on till 1918. But what if this was not the first such war to be fought on Earth? A study has revealed that the first war to be fought on such a massive scale took place some 32 centuries ago.

History books tell us that the First World War started in 1914 and went on till 1918. But what if this was not the first such war to be fought on Earth? A study has revealed that the first war to be fought on such a massive scale took place some 32 centuries ago. It comprised a series of conflicts across much of Europe, the Mediterranean, North Africa and the Middle East. Two strong armies from two different parts of Europe engaged in a battle just south of the Baltic Sea. At least 400 miles of land separated their homes - with one coming from Bavaria (current Czech Republic) and a northern one from what is now north-east Germany. Over 2,000 soldiers fought the epic war which was triggered by a series of conflicts and crises. There was chaos in several parts of the world and everything, from Scandinavia to the Sahara and from Western Europe to today's Iraq, was affected. The new findings have been published in the UK-based academic journal, Antiquity. It was fought in the valley of the River Tollense around 1250 BC. The period was fraught with political turmoil with several major empires reaching their demise. This included the fall of the first great Greek civilisation (the Mycenaeans) from around 1230 BC, the collapse of the Middle East’s Hittite empire in the 1190s BC, the weakening of ancient Egypt from around 1180 BC, and the decline of Babylon by 1155 BC. Also Read: 120-million-year-old part of Earth lost since break up of Pangea discovered This is also when the final 13th century BC collapse of the Indus Valley civilisation happened. Major political centres in Romania, Hungary and northern Serbia also declined in the 12th century. Proof of the war A likely proof of the major conflict is the construction of defensive ramparts in Bavaria, Austria, Bohemia, and as far west as Ireland in the 13th century. Archaeologists have found proof that the battle was not only the earliest known major battle in Europe but was fought on a much larger scale than previously thought. The remains of 160 warriors have been found so far, despite only a tiny fraction of the battlefield being excavated. Around 54 bronze arrowheads have also been found, which align with the injuries on the bodies of the soldiers as most of them are believed to have been killed by them. Another proof of the war was the two types of arrows found - one from north-east Germany, the other from southern Germany or from Bohemia or Moravia in what is now the Czech Republic. “Our study of this battlefield completely changes our understanding of Bronze Age society,” prehistorian Professor Thomas Terberger of the University of Göttingen, a co-author of today’s Antiquity paper, said. “Our investigations have been revealing the unexpected scale and level of military and political organisation in that period,” he added.

First real World War was fought not in 1914 but way back in 1250 BC

U.S. will continue to keep its Typhon missile launcher deployed to the Philippines indefinitely despite protests from China. The missile system was delivered earlier this year ahead of the U.S.-Philippine joint military exercise. The Filipino and American forces continue to train with it, with officials saying that the move is aimed at giving China "sleepless nights."

China fumes as US keeps missile system capable of striking Chinese targets, in Philippines

Amid tensions with China, the U.S. is bringing back to life a World War II airfield located in the remote Pacific island of Tinian. The airfield was once used to launch the atomic bombings of Japan in 1945.

US Restores World War II Airfield To Prepare For Future War With China

Poland on Sunday marked 85 years since the outbreak of World War II during an annual commemoration ceremony held at dawn to remember Nazi Germany’s first attacks that triggered the deadly conflict.

Poland marks 85th anniversary of World War II

It might have been the longest wait but on Saturday 100-year-old American World War II veteran Harold Terens married his 96-year-old fiancee in Normandy, just days after being honoured on the 80th anniversary of the D-Day landings in northwestern France.

To the sounds of "I will always love you", "Ave Maria" and bagpipes, Terens and his sweetheart Jeanne Swerlin said "I do" in the town of Carentan-les-Marais at a ceremony attended by dozens of guests, some wearing military uniforms.

Also watch |&nbsp;D-Day Anniversary: Britain, France and US commemorate D-Day; Macron honours WW2 veterans

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To top off an extraordinary day, the newly wedded couple then attended the state banquet at the Elysee Palace in Paris thrown by President Emmanuel Macron in honour of visiting US leader Joe Biden.

"I waited 96 years to find the right man and now I have a wedding like only a queen and king can have," Swerlin told AFP before the ceremony in Normandy.

"I feel young again," Terens said. "It's the best time of my entire life."

Terens, who wore a light blue suit, entered the local wedding hall to applause from family and friends.&nbsp;

Dressed in satin pink, Swerlin made her entrance to the sound of Whitney Houston's "I will always love you." The bride and groom embraced, swaying with emotion.

"Oui!" Swerlin said in French when asked by the mayor, Jean-Pierre Lhonneur, if she wished to take Terens to be her husband.

Terens and Swerlin, who live in Boca Raton, Florida, tied the knot after commemorations of the 80th anniversary of the June 6, 1944 Normandy landings.

<h2>'Dreams of big things'</h2>

"Today Harold chose our country to marry Jeanne. They are among us today. cogratulations to the young couple!" Macron told the pair in his toast to Biden at the state dinner.

The glitzy asembly of guests rose and cheered the couple.

"My religion is love," Terens told AFP in Normandy. He said he always taught his family to "just love".

"I never leave my house without saying goodbye and kissing them, always, from the day they are born until today."

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/bidens-age-sunaks-exit-passport-and-brexit-what-made-d-day-commemorations-awkward-this-time-729632">Show your passports, a listless Biden, Sunak's exit: What made D-Day commemorations awkward</a>

His son Bill Terens said they did not know "if he'd be alive or well enough to travel" to France for the anniversary of the D-Day landings as he regularly did in the past. But Terens said he felt good.

"I want to marry Jeannie," he also said, according to his son.

"So we all thought it was a little crazy, but we supported him again, and here we are. He has always been a dreamer, he dreams of big things, and sometimes he gets them."

Anne-Marie Ruffier, a 66-year-old local, called the wedding a "unique event".

"It's also a way of thanking this man who helped liberate France," she told AFP.&nbsp;

Pierre Le Goubey, 69, said he "wouldn't have missed this wedding for the world".&nbsp;

"It's a powerful symbol," he said, adding that in a way the veteran was "marrying France".

<h2>'Unbelievable guy'</h2>

Philip Taubman, Swerlin's son-in-law, praised the "once-in-a-lifetime" celebration.

"It proves what life is all about," he said. "Harold was a hero and he made a safer democracy of all the world and this is just the final celebration of his particular life."

Terens was awarded the French Legion of Honour by Macron in 2019.

"We are very honoured that Mr. Terens has chosen to marry here, in Carentan, where in June 1944 the Allied troops landed on the beaches of Utah and Omaha," the mayor said.

"We'll be offering him champagne, of course, but also a gift to thank him for taking part in the liberation of France."

During the war Terens was also part of a secret mission that took him to Soviet Ukraine via Casablanca, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, Cairo, Baghdad and Tehran.

After the war Terens married his first wife, Thelma, with whom he spent 70 years and raised three children until her death in 2018.

In 2021, a friend introduced him to Swerlin, a charismatic woman who had also been widowed, and the two have been inseparable ever since.

"She makes life worth living," Terens told AFP last month in Florida.&nbsp;

Swerlin said Terens was "an unbelievable guy".

"He's handsome -- and he's a good kisser."

It might have been the longest wait but on Saturday 100-year-old American World War II veteran Harold Terens married his 96-year-old fiancee in Normandy, just days after being honoured on the 80th anniversary of the D-Day landings in northwestern France.

It might have been the longest wait but on Saturday 100-year-old American World War II veteran Harold Terens married his 96-year-old fiancee in Normandy, just days after being honoured on the 80th anniversary of the D-Day landings in northwestern France. To the sounds of "I will always love you", "Ave Maria" and bagpipes, Terens and his sweetheart Jeanne Swerlin said "I do" in the town of Carentan-les-Marais at a ceremony attended by dozens of guests, some wearing military uniforms. Also watch | D-Day Anniversary: Britain, France and US commemorate D-Day; Macron honours WW2 veterans × To top off an extraordinary day, the newly wedded couple then attended the state banquet at the Elysee Palace in Paris thrown by President Emmanuel Macron in honour of visiting US leader Joe Biden. "I waited 96 years to find the right man and now I have a wedding like only a queen and king can have," Swerlin told AFP before the ceremony in Normandy. "I feel young again," Terens said. "It's the best time of my entire life." Terens, who wore a light blue suit, entered the local wedding hall to applause from family and friends. Dressed in satin pink, Swerlin made her entrance to the sound of Whitney Houston's "I will always love you." The bride and groom embraced, swaying with emotion. "Oui!" Swerlin said in French when asked by the mayor, Jean-Pierre Lhonneur, if she wished to take Terens to be her husband. Terens and Swerlin, who live in Boca Raton, Florida, tied the knot after commemorations of the 80th anniversary of the June 6, 1944 Normandy landings. 'Dreams of big things' "Today Harold chose our country to marry Jeanne. They are among us today. cogratulations to the young couple!" Macron told the pair in his toast to Biden at the state dinner. The glitzy asembly of guests rose and cheered the couple. "My religion is love," Terens told AFP in Normandy. He said he always taught his family to "just love". "I never leave my house without saying goodbye and kissing them, always, from the day they are born until today." Also read | Show your passports, a listless Biden, Sunak's exit: What made D-Day commemorations awkward His son Bill Terens said they did not know "if he'd be alive or well enough to travel" to France for the anniversary of the D-Day landings as he regularly did in the past. But Terens said he felt good. "I want to marry Jeannie," he also said, according to his son. "So we all thought it was a little crazy, but we supported him again, and here we are. He has always been a dreamer, he dreams of big things, and sometimes he gets them." Anne-Marie Ruffier, a 66-year-old local, called the wedding a "unique event". "It's also a way of thanking this man who helped liberate France," she told AFP. Pierre Le Goubey, 69, said he "wouldn't have missed this wedding for the world". "It's a powerful symbol," he said, adding that in a way the veteran was "marrying France". 'Unbelievable guy' Philip Taubman, Swerlin's son-in-law, praised the "once-in-a-lifetime" celebration. "It proves what life is all about," he said. "Harold was a hero and he made a safer democracy of all the world and this is just the final celebration of his particular life." Terens was awarded the French Legion of Honour by Macron in 2019. "We are very honoured that Mr. Terens has chosen to marry here, in Carentan, where in June 1944 the Allied troops landed on the beaches of Utah and Omaha," the mayor said. "We'll be offering him champagne, of course, but also a gift to thank him for taking part in the liberation of France." During the war Terens was also part of a secret mission that took him to Soviet Ukraine via Casablanca, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, Cairo, Baghdad and Tehran. After the war Terens married his first wife, Thelma, with whom he spent 70 years and raised three children until her death in 2018. In 2021, a friend introduced him to Swerlin, a charismatic woman who had also been widowed, and the two have been inseparable ever since. "She makes life worth living," Terens told AFP last month in Florida. Swerlin said Terens was "an unbelievable guy". "He's handsome -- and he's a good kisser."

World War-2 veteran, 100, marries 96-year-old sweetheart in France after D-Day events

Russia stages its main annual Victory Day parade in Moscow's Red Square. The nation marked the Soviet Union's victory over Nazi Germany in World War II. Russian President Vladimir Putin addressed the nation at the event.

Russia Victory Parade 2024: Military parade celebrates WWII Soviet victory over Nazi Germany

Following Germany's surrender, World War II in Europe officially ended at midnight on May 8, 1945.

Gravitas |  World War II officially ended in Europe, 79 years ago today | Gravitas Recall

Blind psychic Baba Vanga, who apparently had rightfully predicted the 9/11 attacks as well as the COVID-19 pandemic, also made a scary prediction of World War III in 2024.

Now, with Iran attacking Israel and the latter planning out a retaliation, the predictions of the next world war have come to the fore, leaving many concerned.

<h2>Who was Baba Vanga?</h2>

Baba Vanga was a Bulgarian prophetess who emerged as an important figure among conspiracy theorists after some of her pronouncements came true. She died 27 years ago in 1996.

Baba Vanga, who is famously called the Nostradamus of the Balkans, predicted an event which will happen every year till 5079, when according to her the world will end.

For the year 2024, the mystic predicted numerous dark events which included biological attacks, terrorist attacks in Europe as well as World War 3, which some are finding eerily possible as tensions escalated in the Middle East and Iran launched nearly 300 missiles and drones on Israel on Saturday (April 13).

Also Read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/us-plans-new-sanctions-against-iran-hopes-allies-will-follow-footsteps-712071">US plans new sanctions against Iran, hopes allies will follow in its footsteps</a>

As per media reports, the prophetess had predicted a wave of terror and said that a 'major country' may dabble with biological warfare.&nbsp;

The blind psychic had warned that the developments may take place after the invasion of southern Israel by Hamas.

Baba Vanga, also known as Vangelia Pandeva Dimitrova, had claimed to have a rare gift from God which helped her see into the future after she lost her sight at the age of 12.

<h2>Predictions of Baba Vanga which became true</h2>

The most important predictions made by Baba Vanga which became true were the 9/11 attacks in New York City and the Russian invasion of Ukraine.

In her 50-year-long career, the prophetess also predicted the coronavirus pandemic, the death of Princess Diana in 1997 and the Chernobyl disaster in Ukraine in 1986.

Watch:&nbsp;Operation 'True Promise' revealed: Iran warns Israel against 'slightest' response to weekend attack

<div class="videoWrapper trancodeVideo"><iframe allowfullscreen="" autoplay="1" class="includeVideo" frameborder="0" height="350" src="https://www.wionews.com/videos/operation-true-promise-revealed-iran-warns-israel-against-slightest-response-to-weekend-attack-712167/embed" style="width:100%;max-width:560px;" width="560"></iframe></div>

While predicting about coronavirus pandemic 'years ago', Baba Vanga said, "The coronavirus will be all over us."&nbsp;

In 1989, the psychic speaking about the 9/11 attacks on the World Trade Centre, said, "Horror, horror! The American brethren will fall after being attacked by the steel birds. The wolves will be howling in a bush, and innocent blood will be gushing."

Baba Vanga also made a correct prediction about Barack Obama becoming the first black president of the United States, although she said that he would be the very last.

(With inputs from agencies)

Blind psychic Baba Vanga, who apparently had rightfully predicted the 9/11 attacks as well as the COVID-19 pandemic, also made a scary prediction of World War III in 2024.

Blind psychic Baba Vanga, who apparently had rightfully predicted the 9/11 attacks as well as the COVID-19 pandemic, also made a scary prediction of World War III in 2024. Now, with Iran attacking Israel and the latter planning out a retaliation, the predictions of the next world war have come to the fore, leaving many concerned. Who was Baba Vanga? Baba Vanga was a Bulgarian prophetess who emerged as an important figure among conspiracy theorists after some of her pronouncements came true. She died 27 years ago in 1996. Baba Vanga, who is famously called the Nostradamus of the Balkans, predicted an event which will happen every year till 5079, when according to her the world will end. For the year 2024, the mystic predicted numerous dark events which included biological attacks, terrorist attacks in Europe as well as World War 3, which some are finding eerily possible as tensions escalated in the Middle East and Iran launched nearly 300 missiles and drones on Israel on Saturday (April 13). Also Read: US plans new sanctions against Iran, hopes allies will follow in its footsteps As per media reports, the prophetess had predicted a wave of terror and said that a 'major country' may dabble with biological warfare. The blind psychic had warned that the developments may take place after the invasion of southern Israel by Hamas. Baba Vanga, also known as Vangelia Pandeva Dimitrova, had claimed to have a rare gift from God which helped her see into the future after she lost her sight at the age of 12. Predictions of Baba Vanga which became true The most important predictions made by Baba Vanga which became true were the 9/11 attacks in New York City and the Russian invasion of Ukraine. In her 50-year-long career, the prophetess also predicted the coronavirus pandemic, the death of Princess Diana in 1997 and the Chernobyl disaster in Ukraine in 1986. Watch: Operation 'True Promise' revealed: Iran warns Israel against 'slightest' response to weekend attack While predicting about coronavirus pandemic 'years ago', Baba Vanga said, "The coronavirus will be all over us." In 1989, the psychic speaking about the 9/11 attacks on the World Trade Centre, said, "Horror, horror! The American brethren will fall after being attacked by the steel birds. The wolves will be howling in a bush, and innocent blood will be gushing." Baba Vanga also made a correct prediction about Barack Obama becoming the first black president of the United States, although she said that he would be the very last. (With inputs from agencies)

After 9/11 and pandemic, is Baba Vanga’s prediction of WWIII coming true with Iran-Israel tensions?

Japan's cabinet on Tuesday (March 26) gave the green light for the export of new fighter jets currently under development in collaboration with the United Kingdom and Italy. The move signals Tokyo's growing assertiveness in defence partnerships amid its evolving security posture.

<h2>What does it mean?</h2>

The decision, announced following a cabinet meeting, marks a major shift in Japan's approach to arms exports.&nbsp;

Under the eased regulations, the advanced fighter jets will be eligible for sale to countries with which Japan has established defence pacts, provided there is no ongoing conflict in the recipient nation.

Japan has vowed to enhance its military capabilities citing rising threats posed by neighbouring powers such as China and North Korea. Tokyo also plans to double its defence spending by 2027. However, each sale of state-of-the-art fighter jets will be subject to cabinet approval.

<h2>What is Tempest project?</h2>

The collaboration between Japan, the UK, and Italy, known as the Tempest project, was initiated in December 2022. The project aims to develop next-generation fighter jets equipped with artificial intelligence and advanced sensor technologies.&nbsp;

Also watch |&nbsp;Japan becomes second Quad partner to sign semiconductor pact with India

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These cutting-edge aircraft are slated for deployment by 2035, marking Tokyo's first defence equipment development partnership with a nation other than the United States.

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/india-japan-expected-to-finalise-unicorn-deal-during-quad-summit-698987">India, Japan expected to finalise 'UNICORN' antennas deal during Quad summit</a>

The timing of this decision also coincides with Prime Minister Fumio Kishida's upcoming official visit to the United States in April, where he is expected to reaffirm Tokyo's commitment to its alliance with Washington and its willingness to engage in broader defence cooperation initiatives.

<h2>What is Japan's pacifist policy about?</h2>

Following its defeat in World War II, Japan adopted a constitution renouncing war and the use of force to settle international disputes. This led to the imposition of strict limitations on its military activities and its defence capabilities have been primarily focused on self-defence. But in recent years, Japan has gradually relaxed its arms export policies, a gradual shift in its defence posture.

(With inputs from agencies)&nbsp;

Japan's cabinet on Tuesday (March 26) gave the green light for the export of new fighter jets currently under development in collaboration with the United Kingdom and Italy.

Japan's cabinet on Tuesday (March 26) gave the green light for the export of new fighter jets currently under development in collaboration with the United Kingdom and Italy. The move signals Tokyo's growing assertiveness in defence partnerships amid its evolving security posture. What does it mean? The decision, announced following a cabinet meeting, marks a major shift in Japan's approach to arms exports. Under the eased regulations, the advanced fighter jets will be eligible for sale to countries with which Japan has established defence pacts, provided there is no ongoing conflict in the recipient nation. Japan has vowed to enhance its military capabilities citing rising threats posed by neighbouring powers such as China and North Korea. Tokyo also plans to double its defence spending by 2027. However, each sale of state-of-the-art fighter jets will be subject to cabinet approval. What is Tempest project? The collaboration between Japan, the UK, and Italy, known as the Tempest project, was initiated in December 2022. The project aims to develop next-generation fighter jets equipped with artificial intelligence and advanced sensor technologies. Also watch | Japan becomes second Quad partner to sign semiconductor pact with India × These cutting-edge aircraft are slated for deployment by 2035, marking Tokyo's first defence equipment development partnership with a nation other than the United States. Also read | India, Japan expected to finalise 'UNICORN' antennas deal during Quad summit The timing of this decision also coincides with Prime Minister Fumio Kishida's upcoming official visit to the United States in April, where he is expected to reaffirm Tokyo's commitment to its alliance with Washington and its willingness to engage in broader defence cooperation initiatives. What is Japan's pacifist policy about? Following its defeat in World War II, Japan adopted a constitution renouncing war and the use of force to settle international disputes. This led to the imposition of strict limitations on its military activities and its defence capabilities have been primarily focused on self-defence. But in recent years, Japan has gradually relaxed its arms export policies, a gradual shift in its defence posture. (With inputs from agencies)

Japan gets out of post-World War pacifism, allows sale of fighter jets

The British armed forces do not have enough weapons to fight a prolonged war against Russia, a report has warned.

Can Britain afford a third world war?

Gita Gopinath, a senior International Monetary Fund (IMF) official warned during a speech in Colombia on Monday (Dec 11), that the world economy is on the brink of a second cold war, which could "annihilate" progress made since the collapse of the Soviet Union.&nbsp;

The IMF's first deputy managing director also said that the fragmentation in the global economy into power blocs, such as China the United States and Russia, could impact global output and wipe out trillions of dollars.&nbsp;

She said that the clear shifts in underlying bilateral trade because of all these factors could result in a "new Cold War".&nbsp;

Notably, the Cold War was a period of geopolitical tension between the US and the Soviet Union, as well as their respective allies, between 1945 and 1991.&nbsp;

Also read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/un-marks-75-years-of-human-rights-declaration-in-shadow-of-gaza-668644">UN marks 75 years of human rights declaration in shadow of Gaza war</a>&nbsp;

"If we descend into Cold War II, knowing the costs, we may not see mutually assured economic destruction. But we could see an annihilation of the gains from open trade," told the International Economic Association in Medellin, Colombia.&nbsp;

She said that losses could reach 2.5 per cent to seven per cent of global gross domestic product if the world economy fragmented into two blocs.&nbsp;

"While there are no signs of broad-based retreat from globalisation, fault lines are emerging as geoeconomic fragmentation is increasingly a reality. If fragmentation deepens, we could find ourselves in a new Cold War," she said.&nbsp;

As she warned the world, she urged the leaders to pull back from the brink and work towards shared economic priorities.&nbsp;

Her remarks came amid the ongoing war between Russia and Ukraine, the war between Israel and Hamas, existing tensions between the US and China, and other conflicts which resulted in a slowdown in international trade.&nbsp;

Also read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/zelensky-arrives-in-us-for-last-ditch-effort-for-more-aid-668663">Zelensky arrives in US for last-ditch effort for more aid</a>&nbsp;

"While there are no signs of broad-based retreat from globalisation, fault lines are emerging as geoeconomic fragmentation is increasingly a reality. If fragmentation deepens, we could find ourselves in a new cold war," she said.&nbsp;

A Reuters report mentioned that China is no longer the largest US trading partner, with Mexico having assumed that role after years of increasing trade tensions and rising tariffs.&nbsp;

China's share of US imports fell to 13 per cent in the first half of 2023 from 22 per cent in 2018. Around 3,000 trade-restrictive measures were imposed last year around the world - nearly three times the number imposed in 2019.&nbsp;

Watch: China encroaches into Bhutanese territory

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<h2>'The costs could easily overwhelm benefits'&nbsp;</h2>

She said that such fragmentation has potentially serious consequences that could outweigh greater domestic economic resiliency and security.&nbsp;

Gopinath added, "If not properly managed, the costs could easily overwhelm these benefits, and potentially reverse nearly three decades of peace, integration, and growth that helped lift billions out of poverty."&nbsp;

She said that the global fragmentation will make it harder to address common concerns such as climate change, and she urged governments to adopt "pragmatic" policies that preserve the benefits of free trade to the greatest extent possible.&nbsp;

(With inputs from agencies)

Gita Gopinath, a senior International Monetary Fund (IMF) official warned during a speech in Colombia on Monday (Dec 11), that the world economy is on the brink of a second cold war, which could "annihilate" progress made since the collapse of the Soviet Union.

Gita Gopinath, a senior International Monetary Fund (IMF) official warned during a speech in Colombia on Monday (Dec 11), that the world economy is on the brink of a second cold war, which could "annihilate" progress made since the collapse of the Soviet Union. The IMF's first deputy managing director also said that the fragmentation in the global economy into power blocs, such as China the United States and Russia, could impact global output and wipe out trillions of dollars. She said that the clear shifts in underlying bilateral trade because of all these factors could result in a "new Cold War". Notably, the Cold War was a period of geopolitical tension between the US and the Soviet Union, as well as their respective allies, between 1945 and 1991. Also read: UN marks 75 years of human rights declaration in shadow of Gaza war "If we descend into Cold War II, knowing the costs, we may not see mutually assured economic destruction. But we could see an annihilation of the gains from open trade," told the International Economic Association in Medellin, Colombia. She said that losses could reach 2.5 per cent to seven per cent of global gross domestic product if the world economy fragmented into two blocs. "While there are no signs of broad-based retreat from globalisation, fault lines are emerging as geoeconomic fragmentation is increasingly a reality. If fragmentation deepens, we could find ourselves in a new Cold War," she said. As she warned the world, she urged the leaders to pull back from the brink and work towards shared economic priorities. Her remarks came amid the ongoing war between Russia and Ukraine, the war between Israel and Hamas, existing tensions between the US and China, and other conflicts which resulted in a slowdown in international trade. Also read: Zelensky arrives in US for last-ditch effort for more aid "While there are no signs of broad-based retreat from globalisation, fault lines are emerging as geoeconomic fragmentation is increasingly a reality. If fragmentation deepens, we could find ourselves in a new cold war," she said. A Reuters report mentioned that China is no longer the largest US trading partner, with Mexico having assumed that role after years of increasing trade tensions and rising tariffs. China's share of US imports fell to 13 per cent in the first half of 2023 from 22 per cent in 2018. Around 3,000 trade-restrictive measures were imposed last year around the world - nearly three times the number imposed in 2019. Watch: China encroaches into Bhutanese territory × 'The costs could easily overwhelm benefits' She said that such fragmentation has potentially serious consequences that could outweigh greater domestic economic resiliency and security. Gopinath added, "If not properly managed, the costs could easily overwhelm these benefits, and potentially reverse nearly three decades of peace, integration, and growth that helped lift billions out of poverty." She said that the global fragmentation will make it harder to address common concerns such as climate change, and she urged governments to adopt "pragmatic" policies that preserve the benefits of free trade to the greatest extent possible. (With inputs from agencies)

Senior IMF official warns fragmentation in global economy could trigger 'new Cold War'

The Dutch defence ministry said on Thursday (Nov 23) that the human remains found in the wreckage of a British World War II bomber that crashed into the IJsselmeer have been identified.&nbsp;

British airmen Arthur Smart, Raymond Moore and Charles Sprack can be laid to rest as these last three missing airmen have been identified 80 years after they were shot down by the Germans.&nbsp;

The ministry said that the Lancaster crashed in the IJsselmeer in the early morning of June 13, 1943, after a bombing flight in the Ruhr area. It was on its way home from a mission over Bochem in Germany.&nbsp;

Also read: <a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/spain-church-audit-into-sex-abuse-to-be-ready-next-month-662537">Spain Church audit into sex abuse to be ready next month</a>&nbsp;

The ministry statement mentioned that four crew members washed up on the shores and were buried in Stavoren, Workum and Hindeloopen. However, there was no trace of the three mentioned officers until now.&nbsp;

Their remains, which have been identified by laboratory research in Soesterberg, were found during the recovery operation.&nbsp;

The ministry said that the defence aircraft recovery team carried out the operation between September 5 and October 6, at the request of the municipality of Súdwest-Fryslân.

The statement added, "In addition to remains of kite equipment and clothing, the recovery team found 2 silver-plated cigarette cases. It bore the initials of Arthur Smart and Edward Moore. These personal belongings are returned to their families."&nbsp;

Also read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/canadian-pm-justin-trudeau-says-political-rival-abandoning-ukraine-due-to-donald-trumps-influence-662587">Canadian PM Justin Trudeau says political rival abandoning Ukraine due to Donald Trump's influence</a>&nbsp;

As quoted by The Guardian, Johan Graas, of the Stichting Aircraft Recovery Group, said, "It is good news that all three have been identified and amazing that the cigarette cases of Smart and Moore were found."&nbsp;

"The goal of our foundation is to give men like them an official grave, men who gave their lives for our freedom. Alas, it has taken many years," added Graas.

The ministry statement also shared details about the wreckage site as it said that during World War II, almost 6,000 Allied and German aircraft were lost in the Netherlands.&nbsp;

It is very likely that the remains of missing crew members are still present at the wreckage sites at around 30 to 50 places in the Netherlands.&nbsp;

The Dutch defence ministry said on Thursday (Nov 23) that the human remains found in the wreckage of a British World War II bomber that crashed into the IJsselmeer have been identified.

The Dutch defence ministry said on Thursday (Nov 23) that the human remains found in the wreckage of a British World War II bomber that crashed into the IJsselmeer have been identified. British airmen Arthur Smart, Raymond Moore and Charles Sprack can be laid to rest as these last three missing airmen have been identified 80 years after they were shot down by the Germans. The ministry said that the Lancaster crashed in the IJsselmeer in the early morning of June 13, 1943, after a bombing flight in the Ruhr area. It was on its way home from a mission over Bochem in Germany. Also read: Spain Church audit into sex abuse to be ready next month The ministry statement mentioned that four crew members washed up on the shores and were buried in Stavoren, Workum and Hindeloopen. However, there was no trace of the three mentioned officers until now. Their remains, which have been identified by laboratory research in Soesterberg, were found during the recovery operation. The ministry said that the defence aircraft recovery team carried out the operation between September 5 and October 6, at the request of the municipality of Súdwest-Fryslân. The statement added, "In addition to remains of kite equipment and clothing, the recovery team found 2 silver-plated cigarette cases. It bore the initials of Arthur Smart and Edward Moore. These personal belongings are returned to their families." Also read: Canadian PM Justin Trudeau says political rival abandoning Ukraine due to Donald Trump's influence As quoted by The Guardian, Johan Graas, of the Stichting Aircraft Recovery Group, said, "It is good news that all three have been identified and amazing that the cigarette cases of Smart and Moore were found." "The goal of our foundation is to give men like them an official grave, men who gave their lives for our freedom. Alas, it has taken many years," added Graas. The ministry statement also shared details about the wreckage site as it said that during World War II, almost 6,000 Allied and German aircraft were lost in the Netherlands. It is very likely that the remains of missing crew members are still present at the wreckage sites at around 30 to 50 places in the Netherlands.

Remains of World War II bomber crew identified after 80 years

Israeli President Isaac Herzog said in an interview that <a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/hamas-had-intentions-of-using-chemical-weapons-as-part-of-terror-attack-report-649949">Hamas militants had plans to use cyanide agents</a> against Israeli civilians when they launched an unprecedented attack on Oct 7, killing more than 1,400 people and taking around 200 hostages.&nbsp;

During the interview with Sky News, Herzog supported his claims by showing material recovered from a USB drive on the body of a Hamas terrorist.&nbsp;The document was copied from al-Qaeda and had "detailed instructions on creating chemical weapons". It also included "precise instructions for preparing a device for dispersing cyanide agents".&nbsp;

"This is material which was found on the body of one of those sadistic villains. It's al-Qaeda material, official al-Qaeda material. When dealing with ISIS, al-Qaeda, and Hamas, this is what we're dealing with. And in this material, there were instructions, on how to produce chemical weapons," he said.&nbsp;

Tensions continue to escalate, and several claims and counterclaims are being made. But there's no data that would substantiate what Hamas planned, or whether or not the militants&nbsp;were carrying the elements to make a bomb.&nbsp;

There's no confirmation of the use of chemical weapons in the Israel-Hamas war which started after the Oct 7 attack. But let's decode what exactly chemical weapons are.&nbsp;

Also read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/what-are-white-phosphorus-bombs-that-israel-reportedly-launched-in-gaza-it-is-legal-to-use-645106">What are white phosphorus bombs that Israel reportedly used in Gaza? Is it illegal?</a>&nbsp;

<h2>What are chemical weapons?&nbsp;</h2>

A Chemical Weapon (CW) is a chemical used to cause intentional death or harm through its toxic properties. Chemical weapons also include munitions, gadgets, and other equipment specifically designed to weaponise toxic substances.&nbsp;

The Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) says that any chemical which through its chemical action on life processes can cause death, temporary incapacitation or permanent harm&nbsp;through its toxic properties is termed a chemical weapon. Chlorine, which is a&nbsp;non-controlled chemical, could also become a chemical weapon if used in a conflict.&nbsp;

Chemical weapons are&nbsp;condemned by human rights groups, but white phosphorous is not banned by the CWC. Neither are cluster munitions, which fall under a separate international treaty.

Chemical weapons can be used in warfare and are known by the military acronym NBC (for nuclear, biological, and chemical warfare). They are different from nuclear weapons, biological weapons, and radiological weapons, but are classified as weapons of mass destruction (WMD).&nbsp;

Chemical weapons are cheap and simple to make, allowing even small terrorist groups to cause mass casualties in small quantities.&nbsp;

Also read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/is-israel-hamas-war-spreading-al-qaeda-and-is-call-on-followers-to-attack-jewish-and-us-targets-650184">Amid horror of Israel-Hamas war, al-Qaeda, Islamic State call for global attacks</a>

<h2>How chemical weapons are used?&nbsp;</h2>

Chemical weapons are extremely toxic synthetic chemicals and can be extensively disseminated in gas, liquid, and solid forms. They can readily injure anyone other than the intended targets. Chemical weapons in the modern era include nerve gas, tear gas, and pepper spray.&nbsp;

These CW agents can be deadly or incapacitate&nbsp;humans. They vary from explosive compounds, in that their damaging effects are localised and triggered by shear stress.&nbsp;

There are thousands of toxic substances known, but only a few of them are considered CW agents based on their characteristics, such as high toxicity, imperceptibility to senses, rapidity of action after dissemination, and persistency.&nbsp;

Watch this report:&nbsp;

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<h2>Are chemical weapons banned?&nbsp;</h2>

The 1925 Protocol for the Prohibition of the Use of Asphyxiating, Poisonous or Other Gases, and of Bacteriological Methods of Warfare, commonly known as the 1925 Geneva Protocol, bans the use of chemical and bacteriological (biological) weapons in war.&nbsp;

Chemical weapons production, use and stockpiling are banned under the 1997 Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC). Some nations, such as Egypt, North Korea and South Sudan, have not signed or ratified the international arms control treaty.&nbsp;

Under the treaty, the use of the most dangerous "scheduled" toxins and their precursors is banned. This includes nerve agents sarin, VX and the Soviet-era developed Novichok, as well as the poison ricin and blistering agent sulphur mustard.&nbsp;

Also read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/a-family-destroyed-16-year-old-british-teen-noiya-sharabi-confirmed-dead-in-tragic-hamas-attack-650157">A 16-year-old British teen Noiya Sharabi confirmed dead in tragic Hamas attack</a>&nbsp;

<h2>Are there long-term effects of chemical weapons?</h2>

Lancet conducted a study, published in 2002, after analysing volunteers who suffered such attacks.&nbsp;

The study mentioned that those who have claimed that they were exposed to chemical warfare agents have often presented with "unusual clinical syndromes or symptom complexes that have caused controversy".&nbsp;

Nerve agents such as sarin, tabun, and soman, are believed to have the most severe long-term consequences.&nbsp;

In some cases, altered neuromuscular function, abnormal electroencephalograms, and impaired psychomotor performance have been reported.&nbsp;

This could affect behaviour, intelligence, and memory, especially if the initial exposure induced cerebral abnormalities detectable via MRI or electroencephalogram.&nbsp;

There can be other effects as well, but it needs more data and analysis to find out other long-term effects, which also vary from case to case.&nbsp;

<h2>When were such weapons used?&nbsp;</h2>

There have been various instances when chemical weapons were deployed. After the development of industrial chemistry in the 19th century, mass manufacturing and deployment of CW agents in warfare became a possibility.

History books have mentioned the German gas attack with chlorine on April 22, 1915, at Ypres, Belgium.&nbsp;

During World War I, the use of these toxic chemicals, including phosgene, sulfur mustard and lewisites, caused 100,000 deaths.&nbsp;

During World War II, Nazis used Zyklon B gas (hydrogen cyanide gas) which killed millions of civilians.&nbsp;

The United States used Agent Orange, a defoliant, during the Vietnam War.&nbsp;

Another instance was in the 1980s during the Iran-Iraq war. An Iraqi nerve agent strike was reportedly launched on the Kurdish civilian population of Halabja, killing hundreds of people.&nbsp;

<h2>How al-Qaeda has used chemical weapons in attacks?</h2>

From late 2006 to mid-2007, al-Qaeda in Iraq detonated a series of crude chlorine bombs in Iraq. The New America Foundation discovered a total of 16 chlorine gas bombs in Iraq, the most recent of which occurred in June 2007.

On Oct 21, 2006, al-Qaeda in Iraq initiated its chlorine bomb campaign in Ramadi by detonating a car filled with mortars and chlorine tanks, injuring three Iraqi police officers and a civilian.&nbsp;

Most publications on al-Qaeda's chemical weapons operations simply claim that there is evidence that it is interested in creating or acquiring chemical weapons.&nbsp;

The 11th volume of al-Qaeda’s Encyclopedia of Jihad talks about how to construct chemical and biological weapons. Osama bin Laden claimed: "‘We have chemical and nuclear weapons as a deterrent and if America used them against us we reserve the right to use them." His remarks came during an interview with a Pakistani journalist in 2001.&nbsp;&nbsp;

(With inputs from agencies)

Disclaimer: WION takes utmost care to accurately and responsibly report ongoing developments on the Israel-Palestine conflict after the Hamas attacks. However, we cannot independently verify the authenticity of all statements, photos and videos.&nbsp;

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Israeli President Isaac Herzog said in an interview that Hamas militants had plans to use cyanide agents against Israeli civilians when they launched an unprecedented attack on Oct 7, killing more than 1,400 people and taking around 200 hostages.

Israeli President Isaac Herzog said in an interview that Hamas militants had plans to use cyanide agents against Israeli civilians when they launched an unprecedented attack on Oct 7, killing more than 1,400 people and taking around 200 hostages. During the interview with Sky News, Herzog supported his claims by showing material recovered from a USB drive on the body of a Hamas terrorist. The document was copied from al-Qaeda and had "detailed instructions on creating chemical weapons". It also included "precise instructions for preparing a device for dispersing cyanide agents". "This is material which was found on the body of one of those sadistic villains. It's al-Qaeda material, official al-Qaeda material. When dealing with ISIS, al-Qaeda, and Hamas, this is what we're dealing with. And in this material, there were instructions, on how to produce chemical weapons," he said. Tensions continue to escalate, and several claims and counterclaims are being made. But there's no data that would substantiate what Hamas planned, or whether or not the militants were carrying the elements to make a bomb. There's no confirmation of the use of chemical weapons in the Israel-Hamas war which started after the Oct 7 attack. But let's decode what exactly chemical weapons are. Also read: What are white phosphorus bombs that Israel reportedly used in Gaza? Is it illegal? What are chemical weapons? A Chemical Weapon (CW) is a chemical used to cause intentional death or harm through its toxic properties. Chemical weapons also include munitions, gadgets, and other equipment specifically designed to weaponise toxic substances. The Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) says that any chemical which through its chemical action on life processes can cause death, temporary incapacitation or permanent harm through its toxic properties is termed a chemical weapon. Chlorine, which is a non-controlled chemical, could also become a chemical weapon if used in a conflict. Chemical weapons are condemned by human rights groups, but white phosphorous is not banned by the CWC. Neither are cluster munitions, which fall under a separate international treaty. Chemical weapons can be used in warfare and are known by the military acronym NBC (for nuclear, biological, and chemical warfare). They are different from nuclear weapons, biological weapons, and radiological weapons, but are classified as weapons of mass destruction (WMD). Chemical weapons are cheap and simple to make, allowing even small terrorist groups to cause mass casualties in small quantities. Also read: Amid horror of Israel-Hamas war, al-Qaeda, Islamic State call for global attacks How chemical weapons are used? Chemical weapons are extremely toxic synthetic chemicals and can be extensively disseminated in gas, liquid, and solid forms. They can readily injure anyone other than the intended targets. Chemical weapons in the modern era include nerve gas, tear gas, and pepper spray. These CW agents can be deadly or incapacitate humans. They vary from explosive compounds, in that their damaging effects are localised and triggered by shear stress. There are thousands of toxic substances known, but only a few of them are considered CW agents based on their characteristics, such as high toxicity, imperceptibility to senses, rapidity of action after dissemination, and persistency. Watch this report: × Are chemical weapons banned? The 1925 Protocol for the Prohibition of the Use of Asphyxiating, Poisonous or Other Gases, and of Bacteriological Methods of Warfare, commonly known as the 1925 Geneva Protocol, bans the use of chemical and bacteriological (biological) weapons in war. Chemical weapons production, use and stockpiling are banned under the 1997 Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC). Some nations, such as Egypt, North Korea and South Sudan, have not signed or ratified the international arms control treaty. Under the treaty, the use of the most dangerous "scheduled" toxins and their precursors is banned. This includes nerve agents sarin, VX and the Soviet-era developed Novichok, as well as the poison ricin and blistering agent sulphur mustard. Also read: A 16-year-old British teen Noiya Sharabi confirmed dead in tragic Hamas attack Are there long-term effects of chemical weapons? Lancet conducted a study, published in 2002, after analysing volunteers who suffered such attacks. The study mentioned that those who have claimed that they were exposed to chemical warfare agents have often presented with "unusual clinical syndromes or symptom complexes that have caused controversy". Nerve agents such as sarin, tabun, and soman, are believed to have the most severe long-term consequences. In some cases, altered neuromuscular function, abnormal electroencephalograms, and impaired psychomotor performance have been reported. This could affect behaviour, intelligence, and memory, especially if the initial exposure induced cerebral abnormalities detectable via MRI or electroencephalogram. There can be other effects as well, but it needs more data and analysis to find out other long-term effects, which also vary from case to case. When were such weapons used? There have been various instances when chemical weapons were deployed. After the development of industrial chemistry in the 19th century, mass manufacturing and deployment of CW agents in warfare became a possibility. History books have mentioned the German gas attack with chlorine on April 22, 1915, at Ypres, Belgium. During World War I, the use of these toxic chemicals, including phosgene, sulfur mustard and lewisites, caused 100,000 deaths. During World War II, Nazis used Zyklon B gas (hydrogen cyanide gas) which killed millions of civilians. The United States used Agent Orange, a defoliant, during the Vietnam War. Another instance was in the 1980s during the Iran-Iraq war. An Iraqi nerve agent strike was reportedly launched on the Kurdish civilian population of Halabja, killing hundreds of people. How al-Qaeda has used chemical weapons in attacks? From late 2006 to mid-2007, al-Qaeda in Iraq detonated a series of crude chlorine bombs in Iraq. The New America Foundation discovered a total of 16 chlorine gas bombs in Iraq, the most recent of which occurred in June 2007. On Oct 21, 2006, al-Qaeda in Iraq initiated its chlorine bomb campaign in Ramadi by detonating a car filled with mortars and chlorine tanks, injuring three Iraqi police officers and a civilian. Most publications on al-Qaeda's chemical weapons operations simply claim that there is evidence that it is interested in creating or acquiring chemical weapons. The 11th volume of al-Qaeda’s Encyclopedia of Jihad talks about how to construct chemical and biological weapons. Osama bin Laden claimed: "‘We have chemical and nuclear weapons as a deterrent and if America used them against us we reserve the right to use them." His remarks came during an interview with a Pakistani journalist in 2001. (With inputs from agencies) Disclaimer: WION takes utmost care to accurately and responsibly report ongoing developments on the Israel-Palestine conflict after the Hamas attacks. However, we cannot independently verify the authenticity of all statements, photos and videos. WATCH WION LIVE HERE You can now write for wionews.com and be a part of the community. Share your stories and opinions with us here.

Explained: Did Hamas plan to use chemical weapons on Israelis? What are these 'dirty' weapons?

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