Water is essential for healthy digestion, blood circulation, and joint lubrication. Yet, many adults navigate daily routines experiencing mild dehydration without realising their fluid levels are low. Because thirst is not always a reliable or immediate warning sign of fluid deficit, recognising early clinical and physical indicators can help you avoid persistent fatigue, headaches, and dizziness. Here are key signs to watch for every day.<h2>Dark or strong-smelling urine and infrequent breaks</h2>Monitoring urine colour is one of the most reliable ways to track your hydration levels. According to guidance from the National Health Service (NHS), healthy urine should be pale straw or clear. When daily fluid intake drops, the kidneys retain water to protect vital organs. This results in concentrated, dark amber urine with a noticeably stronger smell. Visiting the washroom fewer than three or four times a day is another factual indicator that your fluid intake is falling short.<h2>Sudden fatigue, headaches, and reduced concentration</h2>Even a mild drop in total body water, between 1 and 3 per cent of body weight can directly impact cognitive performance. Clinical benchmarks published in peer-reviewed medical literature indicate that fluid loss lowers overall circulating blood volume. To compensate, the heart works harder to pump oxygen to the brain and muscles. This slight drop in circulation frequently triggers mid-day lethargy, tension headaches, and difficulty focusing on routine tasks.<h2>Dry mouth, chapped lips, and skin elasticity</h2>Saliva production relies heavily on adequate daily water intake. A persistent dry mouth, sticky tongue, or chapped lips points directly to reduced saliva secretion. Furthermore, dehydration affects skin elasticity, referred to medically as skin turgor. If you gently pinch the skin on your arm or abdomen and it takes several seconds to snap back flat, your cellular tissue requires hydration.<h2>Lightheadedness when standing up</h2>If you experience brief dizziness upon standing up after sitting, you may be experiencing mild orthostatic symptoms caused by low fluid levels. According to medical reports, reduced circulating blood volume can cause temporary drops in blood pressure when changing posture.&nbsp;Health authorities like the NHS recommend drinking six to eight glasses, or roughly 1.2 to 1.5 litres, of fluids daily. Consistent sipping throughout the day, rather than drinking large quantities at once, supports kidney function and steady energy levels. Keeping a water bottle nearby ensures your body stays balanced.

Water is vital for circulation, digestion, and mental focus. Recognising early physical warnings of mild dehydration, such as dark urine, frequent headaches, dry mouth, and reduced skin elasticity, helps maintain daily alertness and protect vital organ function.

Water is essential for healthy digestion, blood circulation, and joint lubrication. Yet, many adults navigate daily routines experiencing mild dehydration without realising their fluid levels are low. Because thirst is not always a reliable or immediate warning sign of fluid deficit, recognising early clinical and physical indicators can help you avoid persistent fatigue, headaches, and dizziness. Here are key signs to watch for every day. Dark or strong-smelling urine and infrequent breaks Monitoring urine colour is one of the most reliable ways to track your hydration levels. According to guidance from the National Health Service (NHS), healthy urine should be pale straw or clear. When daily fluid intake drops, the kidneys retain water to protect vital organs. This results in concentrated, dark amber urine with a noticeably stronger smell. Visiting the washroom fewer than three or four times a day is another factual indicator that your fluid intake is falling short. Sudden fatigue, headaches, and reduced concentration Even a mild drop in total body water, between 1 and 3 per cent of body weight can directly impact cognitive performance. Clinical benchmarks published in peer-reviewed medical literature indicate that fluid loss lowers overall circulating blood volume. To compensate, the heart works harder to pump oxygen to the brain and muscles. This slight drop in circulation frequently triggers mid-day lethargy, tension headaches, and difficulty focusing on routine tasks. Dry mouth, chapped lips, and skin elasticity Saliva production relies heavily on adequate daily water intake. A persistent dry mouth, sticky tongue, or chapped lips points directly to reduced saliva secretion. Furthermore, dehydration affects skin elasticity, referred to medically as skin turgor. If you gently pinch the skin on your arm or abdomen and it takes several seconds to snap back flat, your cellular tissue requires hydration. Lightheadedness when standing up If you experience brief dizziness upon standing up after sitting, you may be experiencing mild orthostatic symptoms caused by low fluid levels. According to medical reports, reduced circulating blood volume can cause temporary drops in blood pressure when changing posture. Health authorities like the NHS recommend drinking six to eight glasses, or roughly 1.2 to 1.5 litres, of fluids daily. Consistent sipping throughout the day, rather than drinking large quantities at once, supports kidney function and steady energy levels. Keeping a water bottle nearby ensures your body stays balanced.

Water is vital for circulation, digestion, and mental focus. Recognising early physical warnings of mild dehydration, such as dark urine, frequent headaches, dry mouth, and reduced skin elasticity, helps maintain daily alertness and protect vital organ function.

Signs you're not drinking enough water every day

Water supplies in Afghanistan’s capital are falling fast, as groundwater levels drop, demand surges, and long-delayed infrastructure projects struggle to catch up. Kabul is facing a worsening shortage driven by shrinking underground reserves that many residents rely on for daily survival. Watch the full video to know more on this!

Kabul Water Crisis:  Major Water Crisis Looms Over Afghan Capital 

Archaeologists have uncovered evidence that Neolithic communities were hunting and consuming sharks as early as 7,000 years ago. The discovery offers rare insight into ancient diets, coastal survival skills, and early human interaction with marine predators.


Ancient humans ate sharks 7000 years ago, detailed evidence of diets of Neolithic communities 

A groundbreaking ISRO study reveals strong evidence of water ice hidden beneath the Moon’s polar craters. Using Chandrayaan mission data, scientists found sub-surface ice levels up to eight times higher than surface deposits — a major step toward understanding lunar resources. The discovery could redefine future Moon missions, from habitation plans to fuel generation.

ISRO Finds Evidence of Water Ice Beneath Moon’s Polar Craters

After India suspended the Indus Waters Treaty, Taliban-ruled Afghanistan has announced plans to restrict Pakistan’s water supply by building dams on the Kunar River. Taliban Supreme Leader Hibatullah Akhundzada has ordered the project to begin immediately, escalating tensions after deadly border clashes. What does this mean for South Asia’s water security, India’s regional policy, and Pakistan’s future?


Pak-Afghan tensions: Reports suggest Afghanistan to restrict water to Pakistan

Powerful explosions shook Kabul, Afghanistan’s capital, following heightened tensions after Pakistan issued an “enough is enough” warning over cross-border security issues. Watch to know more on this!

Kabul Explosion: Powerful Explosions Rock Afghan Capital After Pakistan's 'Enough Is Enough' Threat

Climate change &ndash; a term we are acquainted with, but are our actions complying? Earthlings are no strangers to the changes in weather and other environmental hazards we've witnessed and heard of in recent years. These were not as rampant before, and we have some blame to take here. The United Nations, in its recent report, highlighted that the 'glaciers in many regions will not survive the 21st century'.
Also read: <a href="https://www.wionews.com/videos/nature-new-species-showcase-amazon-rainforests-rich-biodiversity-785895">Nature: New Species Showcase Amazon Rainforest's Rich Biodiversity</a>
Glaciers are melting, we know! But the impact is something we have only heard of. "55&ndash;60% of global annual freshwater flow supply comes from mountains," as cited in the UN World Water Development Report.
"Glaciers in many regions will not survive the 21st century if they keep melting at the current rate, potentially jeopardising hundreds of millions of people living downstream," UN climate experts said.
Which brings us to the point that are we doing enough to save the planet? Will the future generation even have clean drinking water, if nothing else. "It is really high time that we create awareness, and we change our policies, and...we mobilise resources to make sure that we have good policy frameworks in place, and we have good research in place that can help us to mitigate and also adapt to these new changes,&rdquo; said Sulagna Mishra, a scientific officer at the World Meteorological Organisation.
She further emphasised, "When you ask me how many people are actually impacted, it&rsquo;s really everyone."
Also read: <a href="https://www.wionews.com/science-tech/chain-of-underwater-active-volcanic-hotspot-discovered-hiding-near-the-cook-islands-8895121">Chain of underwater active volcanic hotspot discovered hiding near the Cook Islands</a>
Glaciers make up about 70% of the world&rsquo;s freshwater reserves, and as they melt, they meet the sea. The latest data suggests 25 to 30% of the rise in sea levels comes from glacial melt. The sea level is rising by about one millimetre higher every year due to melting snow.
&nbsp;

Glaciers are melting, and the impact is serious. "55–60% of global annual freshwater flow supply comes from mountains," as cited in the UN Report. World

Climate change – a term we are acquainted with, but are our actions complying? Earthlings are no strangers to the changes in weather and other environmental hazards we've witnessed and heard of in recent years. These were not as rampant before, and we have some blame to take here. The United Nations, in its recent report, highlighted that the 'glaciers in many regions will not survive the 21st century'. Also read: Nature: New Species Showcase Amazon Rainforest's Rich Biodiversity Glaciers are melting, we know! But the impact is something we have only heard of. "55–60% of global annual freshwater flow supply comes from mountains," as cited in the UN World Water Development Report. "Glaciers in many regions will not survive the 21st century if they keep melting at the current rate, potentially jeopardising hundreds of millions of people living downstream," UN climate experts said. Which brings us to the point that are we doing enough to save the planet? Will the future generation even have clean drinking water, if nothing else. "It is really high time that we create awareness, and we change our policies, and...we mobilise resources to make sure that we have good policy frameworks in place, and we have good research in place that can help us to mitigate and also adapt to these new changes,” said Sulagna Mishra, a scientific officer at the World Meteorological Organisation. She further emphasised, "When you ask me how many people are actually impacted, it’s really everyone." Also read: Chain of underwater active volcanic hotspot discovered hiding near the Cook Islands Glaciers make up about 70% of the world’s freshwater reserves, and as they melt, they meet the sea. The latest data suggests 25 to 30% of the rise in sea levels comes from glacial melt. The sea level is rising by about one millimetre higher every year due to melting snow.

'Glaciers will not survive 21st century', 2 billion people will be impacted

China is set to send a flying robot to the Moon's south pole to explore and search for potential water reserves, marking a significant step in lunar exploration.

China to launch flying robot to moon's south pole in search of water

China plans to send a flying robot to the Moon's south pole to explore potential water reserves, marking a new milestone in space exploration.

China's search for water on lunar south pole

China is constructing the world’s largest hydropower dam in Tibet, a project that has sparked global debate. The dam aims to generate vast amounts of energy, but concerns have arisen over environmental impacts and its potential influence on regional water resources. Watch in for more details!

Will China's Dam Project Spark A Water Crisis?

Staring across what was once one of Bosnia's largest expanses of water, --- All that one can see is boats left high and dry after months of drought emptied lake Jablanicko...

Months of Drought Empties Lake Jablanicko

A mysterious black rock has been found by scientists on Mars which suggested that the Red Planet had hot springs billions of years ago.

In new research, scientists have found new evidence which has hinted at the existence of water on the planet more than four billion years ago, which has hinted at the planet being habitable.

A sample of the meteorite was examined by academics from Curtin University in Australia, and while looking at a grain of the black crystal rock called zicron, the experts were able to find evidence that hinted at the planet being hospitable long ago.

Also read: <a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/did-nasa-accidentally-kill-living-creatures-on-mars-heres-what-a-scientist-claimed-777392">Did NASA accidentally kill living creatures on Mars? Here's what a scientist claimed</a>

Scientists discovered that the sample dated back to 4.45 billion years ago when it has been estimated that planet Earth was formed.&nbsp;

<h2>Fingerprints on water of grain?</h2>

During the study of the rock, scientists found 'fingerprints' on the water of the grain, which hinted at the existence of hot water on the Red Planet.&nbsp;

It is believed to have existed like hydrothermal springs, which are heated by magma that flows under the crust of the planet.

As per the experts, hot springs play an important role in life&nbsp;which evolves on Earth. The evidence of the existence of such springs suggests that the Red Planet may have possessed the ability to support ancient life.

Speaking to The Sun, the study's co-author, Dr Aaron Cavosie, said that nano-scale geochemistry was used for finding the evidence of hot water on the planet.

"Hydrothermal systems were essential for the development of life on Earth, and our findings suggest Mars also had water, a key ingredient for habitable environments, during the earliest history of crust formation," said Dr Cavosie while speaking to the publication.

Watch:&nbsp;Did Life Exist In Hot Water On Mars Billions Of Years Ago?

<div class="videoWrapper trancodeVideo"><iframe allowfullscreen="" autoplay="1" class="includeVideo" frameborder="0" height="350" src="https://www.wionews.com/videos/did-life-exist-in-hot-water-on-mars-billions-of-years-ago-778813/embed" style="width:100%;max-width:560px;" width="560"></iframe></div>

"Through nano-scale imaging and spectroscopy, the team identified element patterns in this unique zircon, including iron, aluminium, yttrium and sodium," he added.

"These elements were added as the zircon formed 4.45 billion years ago, suggesting water was present during early Martian magmatic activity. This new study takes us a step further in understanding early Mars, by way of identifying tell-tale signs of water-rich fluids from when the grain formed, providing geochemical markers of water in the oldest known Martian crust," Dr Cavosie further stated.&nbsp;

This discovery comes after the Mars Rover of NASA found the first "possible" signs of the existence of life on the planet.

(With inputs from agencies)

A mysterious black rock has been found by scientists on Mars which suggested that the Red Planet had hot springs billions of years ago. In new research, scientists have found new evidence which has hinted at the existence of water on the planet more than four billion years ago, which has hinted at the planet being habitable.

A mysterious black rock has been found by scientists on Mars which suggested that the Red Planet had hot springs billions of years ago. In new research, scientists have found new evidence which has hinted at the existence of water on the planet more than four billion years ago, which has hinted at the planet being habitable. A sample of the meteorite was examined by academics from Curtin University in Australia, and while looking at a grain of the black crystal rock called zicron, the experts were able to find evidence that hinted at the planet being hospitable long ago. Also read: Did NASA accidentally kill living creatures on Mars? Here's what a scientist claimed Scientists discovered that the sample dated back to 4.45 billion years ago when it has been estimated that planet Earth was formed. Fingerprints on water of grain? During the study of the rock, scientists found 'fingerprints' on the water of the grain, which hinted at the existence of hot water on the Red Planet. It is believed to have existed like hydrothermal springs, which are heated by magma that flows under the crust of the planet. As per the experts, hot springs play an important role in life which evolves on Earth. The evidence of the existence of such springs suggests that the Red Planet may have possessed the ability to support ancient life. Speaking to The Sun, the study's co-author, Dr Aaron Cavosie, said that nano-scale geochemistry was used for finding the evidence of hot water on the planet. "Hydrothermal systems were essential for the development of life on Earth, and our findings suggest Mars also had water, a key ingredient for habitable environments, during the earliest history of crust formation," said Dr Cavosie while speaking to the publication. Watch: Did Life Exist In Hot Water On Mars Billions Of Years Ago? "Through nano-scale imaging and spectroscopy, the team identified element patterns in this unique zircon, including iron, aluminium, yttrium and sodium," he added. "These elements were added as the zircon formed 4.45 billion years ago, suggesting water was present during early Martian magmatic activity. This new study takes us a step further in understanding early Mars, by way of identifying tell-tale signs of water-rich fluids from when the grain formed, providing geochemical markers of water in the oldest known Martian crust," Dr Cavosie further stated. This discovery comes after the Mars Rover of NASA found the first "possible" signs of the existence of life on the planet. (With inputs from agencies)

Were aliens enjoying hot springs on Mars 4.5 billion years ago? Here's what ancient evidence hints at

Mars was hit by an asteroid 11 million years ago because of which pieces of the Red Planet had been disbursed into space.&nbsp;

A chunk of this Red Planet later crashed into the Earth close to Purdue University. The researchers at Purdue University rediscovered this meteorite in 1931 and it was named Lafayette Meteorite.

During Lafayette Meteorite's early investigations, scientists found that it had interacted with liquid water on Mars.&nbsp;

Also Read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/whats-green-on-mars-perseverance-dissects-a-rock-and-gives-birth-to-even-more-questions-772181">What's 'green' on Mars? Perseverance dissects a rock and gives birth to even more questions</a>

A group of scientists, which included two from the College of Science at Purdue University, were able to find out the age of the minerals in the Lafayette Meteorite which were formed when water existed.&nbsp;

<h2>Here's how scientists found the age of minerals</h2>

Assistant professor with the Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences (EAPS) at Purdue University Marissa Trembla, who is the lead author of the study, said that she is using noble gases like helium, neon and argon for studying the chemical and physical processes which shape the surfaces of Earth and other planets.&nbsp;

She said that some meteorites from Mars had minerals which were formed when they interacted with liquid water when on the red planet.&nbsp;

"Dating these minerals can therefore tell us when there was liquid water at or near the surface of Mars in the planet's geologic past," Trembla said.&nbsp;

Also Read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/happy-new-year-on-mars-nasa-celebrates-as-rovers-join-the-party-775767">Happy New Year... on Mars! NASA celebrates as rovers join the party</a>

"We dated these minerals in the Martian meteorite Lafayette and found that they formed 742 million years ago. We do not think there was abundant liquid water on the surface of Mars at this time. Instead, we think the water came from the melting of nearby subsurface ice called permafrost, and that the permafrost melting was caused by magmatic activity that still occurs periodically on Mars to the present day," she added.&nbsp;

"The age could have been affected by the impact that ejected the Lafayette Meteorite from Mars, the heating Lafayette experienced during the 11 million years it was floating out in space, or the heating Lafayette experienced when it fell to Earth and burned up a little bit in Earth's atmosphere. But we were able to demonstrate that none of these things affected the age of aqueous alteration in Lafayette," the lead author further stated.&nbsp;

Meanwhile, senior research scientist with Purdue EAPS Ryan Ickert said, "This meteorite uniquely has evidence that it has reacted with water. The exact date of this was controversial, and our publication dates when water was present."&nbsp;

(With inputs from agencies)

Mars was hit by an asteroid 11 million years ago because of which pieces of the Red Planet had been disbursed into space. A chunk of this Red Planet later crashed into the Earth close to Purdue University.

Mars was hit by an asteroid 11 million years ago because of which pieces of the Red Planet had been disbursed into space. A chunk of this Red Planet later crashed into the Earth close to Purdue University. The researchers at Purdue University rediscovered this meteorite in 1931 and it was named Lafayette Meteorite. During Lafayette Meteorite's early investigations, scientists found that it had interacted with liquid water on Mars. Also Read: What's 'green' on Mars? Perseverance dissects a rock and gives birth to even more questions A group of scientists, which included two from the College of Science at Purdue University, were able to find out the age of the minerals in the Lafayette Meteorite which were formed when water existed. Here's how scientists found the age of minerals Assistant professor with the Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences (EAPS) at Purdue University Marissa Trembla, who is the lead author of the study, said that she is using noble gases like helium, neon and argon for studying the chemical and physical processes which shape the surfaces of Earth and other planets. She said that some meteorites from Mars had minerals which were formed when they interacted with liquid water when on the red planet. "Dating these minerals can therefore tell us when there was liquid water at or near the surface of Mars in the planet's geologic past," Trembla said. Also Read: Happy New Year... on Mars! NASA celebrates as rovers join the party "We dated these minerals in the Martian meteorite Lafayette and found that they formed 742 million years ago. We do not think there was abundant liquid water on the surface of Mars at this time. Instead, we think the water came from the melting of nearby subsurface ice called permafrost, and that the permafrost melting was caused by magmatic activity that still occurs periodically on Mars to the present day," she added. "The age could have been affected by the impact that ejected the Lafayette Meteorite from Mars, the heating Lafayette experienced during the 11 million years it was floating out in space, or the heating Lafayette experienced when it fell to Earth and burned up a little bit in Earth's atmosphere. But we were able to demonstrate that none of these things affected the age of aqueous alteration in Lafayette," the lead author further stated. Meanwhile, senior research scientist with Purdue EAPS Ryan Ickert said, "This meteorite uniquely has evidence that it has reacted with water. The exact date of this was controversial, and our publication dates when water was present." (With inputs from agencies)

A meteorite from Mars has evidence of water on planet 742 million years ago

A report on the health links with climate change has found that people around the world are experiencing more days of Health threatening temperatures while extreme weather, tree cover loss and air pollution from the burning of coal oil and gas is increasingly jeopardized health outcomes. Watch to know more.

Health Risk From Excessive Heat In India

Thousands of people marched through central London demanding action on cleaning up Britain's rivers and seas. Environmental activist and singer Feargal Sharkey and fast show comedian Paul Whitehouse were among those Joining the march for clean water.

Tackling Water Pollution in UK

South Africa faces a looming water scarcity crisis that could exacerbate climate change-induced crises and lead to conflict. The water crisis is severe due to widespread infrastructure failures, inadequate government response, and a lack of clean water access for millions, which threatens public health and socio-economic stability.

Water Shortages Are The New Reality In South Africa

Rare rainfall hits Sahara Desert, the storm was triggered after a low pressure system pushed across the northwestern Sahara region. The locals think that its a gift from heaven. Watch to know more.

Sahara Desert: Basin Was Barren For Nearly 20 Years

Rare rainfall hits Sahara Desert, the storm was triggered after a low pressure system pushed across the northwestern Sahara region. Watch to know more.

Sahara Desert Witness First Floods In 50 Years

Rare rainfall has hit some of the most arid places on Earth. Southeastern Morocco Sahara Desert known for its frequent drought is experiencing floods. Watch in for more details!

Water Gushes Through Sand Of Sahara

The Curiosity rover of NASA is exploring the Gale crater on Mars currently and is providing more details about how the Red Planet's climate turned from potentially suitable for life to inhospitable to terrestrial life.&nbsp;

It has been known that Mars was holding widespread liquid water in ancient times, as per the evidence.&nbsp;

Even though the surface of Mars is hostile and frigid to life, NASA's robotic explorers&nbsp;have been finding clues about whether the planet supported life in the distant past.&nbsp;

Also Read: <a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/a-spooky-smiley-face-appears-on-mars-scientists-say-its-hiding-life-forms-757191">A 'spooky smiley face' appears on Mars. Scientists say it's hiding life forms...</a>

The instruments on board Curiosity have been used by the researchers for measuring the isotopic composition of carbon-rich minerals (carbonates) which were discovered in the Gale crater and found new insights into how the ancient climate of the Red Planet transformed.

<h2>Here's what happened to ancient Mars</h2>

"The isotope values of these carbonates point toward extreme amounts of evaporation, suggesting that these carbonates likely formed in a climate that could only support transient liquid&nbsp;water," said David Burtt, who is lead author of a paper and works at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland.&nbsp;

The research was&nbsp;published&nbsp;in the&nbsp;Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

"Our samples are not consistent with an ancient environment with life (biosphere) on the surface of Mars, although this does not rule out the possibility of an underground biosphere or a surface biosphere that began and ended before these carbonates formed," Burtt said.&nbsp;

Isotopes are different versions of an element which have different masses. With the evaporation of water, light versions of carbon and oxygen escaped into the atmosphere while the heavy versions remained behind, accumulated in high abundances and were eventually incorporated into the carbonate rocks.

Also Read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/perseverance-spots-an-odd-rock-on-mars-with-zebra-stripes-where-did-it-come-from-761350">Perseverance spots an odd rock on Mars with zebra stripes. Where did it come from?</a>

In the paper, the researchers proposed two ways in which carbonates present at Gale were formed.

In the first case, carbonates were created in a series of wet-dry cycles that took place in the Gale Crater. In the second way, carbonates were formed in very salty water that was under cold, ice-forming (cryogenic) conditions in the Gale Crater.

"These formation mechanisms represent two different climate regimes that may present different habitability scenarios," said Jennifer Stern, who is co-author of the paper and is from NASA Goddard.

"Wet-dry cycling would indicate alternation between more-habitable and less-habitable environments, while&nbsp;cryogenic temperatures&nbsp;in the mid-latitudes of Mars would indicate a less-habitable environment where most water is locked up in ice and not available for chemistry or biology, and what is there is extremely salty and unpleasant for life," he added.&nbsp;

(With inputs from agencies)

The Curiosity rover of NASA is exploring the Gale crater on Mars currently and is providing more details about how the Red Planet's climate turned from potentially suitable for life to inhospitable to terrestrial life.

The Curiosity rover of NASA is exploring the Gale crater on Mars currently and is providing more details about how the Red Planet's climate turned from potentially suitable for life to inhospitable to terrestrial life. It has been known that Mars was holding widespread liquid water in ancient times, as per the evidence. Even though the surface of Mars is hostile and frigid to life, NASA's robotic explorers have been finding clues about whether the planet supported life in the distant past. Also Read: A 'spooky smiley face' appears on Mars. Scientists say it's hiding life forms... The instruments on board Curiosity have been used by the researchers for measuring the isotopic composition of carbon-rich minerals (carbonates) which were discovered in the Gale crater and found new insights into how the ancient climate of the Red Planet transformed. Here's what happened to ancient Mars "The isotope values of these carbonates point toward extreme amounts of evaporation, suggesting that these carbonates likely formed in a climate that could only support transient liquid water," said David Burtt, who is lead author of a paper and works at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland. The research was published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. "Our samples are not consistent with an ancient environment with life (biosphere) on the surface of Mars, although this does not rule out the possibility of an underground biosphere or a surface biosphere that began and ended before these carbonates formed," Burtt said. Isotopes are different versions of an element which have different masses. With the evaporation of water, light versions of carbon and oxygen escaped into the atmosphere while the heavy versions remained behind, accumulated in high abundances and were eventually incorporated into the carbonate rocks. Also Read: Perseverance spots an odd rock on Mars with zebra stripes. Where did it come from? In the paper, the researchers proposed two ways in which carbonates present at Gale were formed. In the first case, carbonates were created in a series of wet-dry cycles that took place in the Gale Crater. In the second way, carbonates were formed in very salty water that was under cold, ice-forming (cryogenic) conditions in the Gale Crater. "These formation mechanisms represent two different climate regimes that may present different habitability scenarios," said Jennifer Stern, who is co-author of the paper and is from NASA Goddard. "Wet-dry cycling would indicate alternation between more-habitable and less-habitable environments, while cryogenic temperatures in the mid-latitudes of Mars would indicate a less-habitable environment where most water is locked up in ice and not available for chemistry or biology, and what is there is extremely salty and unpleasant for life," he added. (With inputs from agencies)

Mars once had water to support life. Curiosity rover now finds what made it uninhabitable

The hunt for life beyond Earth went a step further when scientists discovered water vapour&nbsp;in abundance in the universe.

In the latest research, the scientists focused on a gas and dust disk which was surrounding a young star. It was observed using the Atacama Large Millimetre/submillimetre Array (ALMA).

The star, which has been named HL Tauri, was discovered 450 light-years away and a huge amount of vapour was seen surrounding it.

Also Read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/mars-once-had-water-but-now-its-barren-heres-what-led-to-its-mysterious-disappearance-756902">Mars once had water but now it's barren. Here's what led to its mysterious disappearance</a>

The water vapour&nbsp;was&nbsp;equivalent to three times the volume of all the oceans on Earth and could be the birthplace of the planet.

<h2>Can water in space create habitable planets?</h2>

Speaking about the discovery in a press release, Stefano Facchini, an astrophysicist at the University of Milan and study leader,&nbsp;said, “I had never imagined that we could capture an image of oceans of water vapour in the same region where a planet is likely forming."

As per the research published in Nature Astronomy, the water vapour's volume can increase the chances of the planet being habitable after its formation.

As per the scientists, the amount of water vapour present around HL Tauri appeared to have an influence over the birth of new planets. It is also likely that the conditions amid the vapour&nbsp;can be very similar to the conditions that were prevalent when the formation of Earth took place 4.5 billion years ago.

Watch:&nbsp;The Curious Case Of The Prematurely Aging Space Heart

<div class="videoWrapper trancodeVideo"><iframe allowfullscreen="" autoplay="1" class="includeVideo" frameborder="0" height="350" src="https://www.wionews.com/videos/the-curious-case-of-the-prematurely-aging-space-heart-762633/embed" style="width:100%;max-width:560px;" width="560"></iframe></div>

Speaking about his excitement at noticing the oceans of water vapour, Facchini said, “Our recent images reveal a substantial quantity of water vapour at a range of distances from the star that includes a gap where a planet could potentially be forming at the present time."

In recent times, water has been fundamental for various scientific developments. Recently, it was also found by scientists that water has been leaking slowly from the surface to the core of the Earth.

(With inputs from agencies)

The hunt for life beyond Earth went a step further when scientists discovered water vapour in abundance in the universe. In the latest research, the scientists focused on a gas and dust disk which was surrounding a young star.

The hunt for life beyond Earth went a step further when scientists discovered water vapour in abundance in the universe. In the latest research, the scientists focused on a gas and dust disk which was surrounding a young star. It was observed using the Atacama Large Millimetre/submillimetre Array (ALMA). The star, which has been named HL Tauri, was discovered 450 light-years away and a huge amount of vapour was seen surrounding it. Also Read: Mars once had water but now it's barren. Here's what led to its mysterious disappearance The water vapour was equivalent to three times the volume of all the oceans on Earth and could be the birthplace of the planet. Can water in space create habitable planets? Speaking about the discovery in a press release, Stefano Facchini, an astrophysicist at the University of Milan and study leader, said, “I had never imagined that we could capture an image of oceans of water vapour in the same region where a planet is likely forming." As per the research published in Nature Astronomy, the water vapour's volume can increase the chances of the planet being habitable after its formation. As per the scientists, the amount of water vapour present around HL Tauri appeared to have an influence over the birth of new planets. It is also likely that the conditions amid the vapour can be very similar to the conditions that were prevalent when the formation of Earth took place 4.5 billion years ago. Watch: The Curious Case Of The Prematurely Aging Space Heart Speaking about his excitement at noticing the oceans of water vapour, Facchini said, “Our recent images reveal a substantial quantity of water vapour at a range of distances from the star that includes a gap where a planet could potentially be forming at the present time." In recent times, water has been fundamental for various scientific developments. Recently, it was also found by scientists that water has been leaking slowly from the surface to the core of the Earth. (With inputs from agencies)

Huge water presence, three times greater than oceans of Earth, found in space

Humans have waged wars for power, resources and riches. However, the next big flashpoint in geopolitical tensions could be a commodity that is abundantly available at the moment. This report delves into the details.

Water, the next big flashpoint in Geopolitics?

India has once again called on Pakistan to amend or "review and modify" the Indus Water Treaty, with a diplomatic note sent to Islamabad on August 30, 2024. New Delhi has made a firm case, citing Article XII(3) of the treaty, which allows for amendments to emphasise the need for changes.

Under the Article, the treaty can be modified from time to time for which both governments need to sit for negotiations.

"Provisions of this treaty may from time to time be modified by a duly ratified treaty concluded for that purpose between the two Governments," it says.&nbsp; 
 
India had last year also reached out to Pakistan seeking to "review and modify" the treaty, but no concrete response came from Islamabad.&nbsp;

Nearly a month has passed and Pakistan&nbsp;is yet to respond to India's diplomatic note sent in August. In the note, India highlighted the significant global changes since 1960 and stressed the importance of initiating talks to amend the treaty.&nbsp;

<a href="https://www.wionews.com/videos/indus-water-treaty-first-pakistan-delegation-since-article-370-abrogation-arrives-in-jammu-734714">Watch |&nbsp;Indus Water Treaty: First Pakistan delegation since Article 370 abrogation arrives in Jammu</a>

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The Indus Water Treaty was originally signed in 1960 in Karachi by then-Indian Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru and then-Pakistani President Ayub Khan. One of the key reasons for seeking an amendment to the treaty is India's increasing reliance on hydropower and the need to accelerate clean energy development to meet its emission targets.

The push for amendments also arises amid controversy surrounding the Kishanganga and Ratle hydro projects. In response, the World Bank has simultaneously activated both the neutral expert mechanism and the Court of Arbitration to address the same issues. Consequently, India has called for a reconsideration of the treaty's dispute resolution mechanism.

<a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/explained-ready-reckoner-on-india-pakistan-tensions-over-indus-waters-treaty-562799">Also read |&nbsp;Explained: India-Pakistan tensions over Indus Waters Treaty | A ready reckoner</a>

Under the Indus Water Treaty of 1960, the water of three eastern rivers – Sutlej, Beas, and Ravi are allocated to India for unrestricted use while the waters of three western rivers – Indus, Jhelum, and Chenab go to Pakistan. Additionally, New Delhi has the right to generate hydroelectricity through the run of the river projects on the three western rivers, subject to specific criteria for design.&nbsp;

India has once again called on Pakistan to amend or "review and modify" the Indus Water Treaty, with a diplomatic note sent to Islamabad on August 30, 2024. New Delhi has made a firm case, citing Article XII(3) of the treaty, which allows for amendments to emphasise the need for changes.

India has once again called on Pakistan to amend or "review and modify" the Indus Water Treaty, with a diplomatic note sent to Islamabad on August 30, 2024. New Delhi has made a firm case, citing Article XII(3) of the treaty, which allows for amendments to emphasise the need for changes. Under the Article, the treaty can be modified from time to time for which both governments need to sit for negotiations. "Provisions of this treaty may from time to time be modified by a duly ratified treaty concluded for that purpose between the two Governments," it says. India had last year also reached out to Pakistan seeking to "review and modify" the treaty, but no concrete response came from Islamabad. Nearly a month has passed and Pakistan is yet to respond to India's diplomatic note sent in August. In the note, India highlighted the significant global changes since 1960 and stressed the importance of initiating talks to amend the treaty. Watch | Indus Water Treaty: First Pakistan delegation since Article 370 abrogation arrives in Jammu × The Indus Water Treaty was originally signed in 1960 in Karachi by then-Indian Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru and then-Pakistani President Ayub Khan. One of the key reasons for seeking an amendment to the treaty is India's increasing reliance on hydropower and the need to accelerate clean energy development to meet its emission targets. The push for amendments also arises amid controversy surrounding the Kishanganga and Ratle hydro projects. In response, the World Bank has simultaneously activated both the neutral expert mechanism and the Court of Arbitration to address the same issues. Consequently, India has called for a reconsideration of the treaty's dispute resolution mechanism. Also read | Explained: India-Pakistan tensions over Indus Waters Treaty | A ready reckoner Under the Indus Water Treaty of 1960, the water of three eastern rivers – Sutlej, Beas, and Ravi are allocated to India for unrestricted use while the waters of three western rivers – Indus, Jhelum, and Chenab go to Pakistan. Additionally, New Delhi has the right to generate hydroelectricity through the run of the river projects on the three western rivers, subject to specific criteria for design.

India pushes for revisions to Indus Water Treaty with Pakistan

A Georgian motorsport competitor rode the surface of the water on his modified bike. The bike was fitted with skis to glide on water. Take a look.

Georgian daredevil biker rides on surface of water

Nestle's water subsidiary has agreed to pay a $2.2 million fine to resolve criminal complaints in France related to its natural mineral water production.

Nestle pays $2.2 mn in French water scandal

A new report exposes hypocrisy on part of wealthy, democratic countries in the global north – using harsh means to clamp down on climate protests while criticising similar harsh tactics being used by authorities in the global south. Molly Gambhir tells you more.

New report exposes hypocrisy of rich countries

In a joint study between NASA's Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution (MAVEN) and the&nbsp;Hubble Space Telescope, it was observed that Mars may have lost its water because of the seasonal changes on the planet.

More than three billion years ago, the Red Planet was warm and wet and had large water bodies on its surface along with a thicker atmosphere. However, today Mars is barren, dry and cold. So, where exactly did the water disappear?

<h2>Mysterious disappearance of Martian water</h2>

"There's only two places water can go," said John Clarke of the University of Boston, in a&nbsp;statement. "It can freeze into the ground, or the water molecules can break into atoms, and the atoms can escape from the top of the atmosphere into space," he added.

There is still plenty of water on Mars. It has been observed that vast reservoirs of water are locked deep underground at depths between 11.5 and 20 kilometres (7.1 and 12.4 miles).

Also Read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/elon-musk-says-spacex-to-launch-first-uncrewed-starships-to-mars-in-two-years-756866">Elon Musk says SpaceX to launch first uncrewed Starships to Mars in two years</a>

The surface of Mars has sufficient water inside it which is the global equivalent layer (GEL) - refers to how deep a planet-wide ocean it can create.

Meanwhile, water-ice in small amounts is also locked inside the shallow permafrost and in the polar ice caps of Mars.

According to John Clarke and his team in the&nbsp;Center for Space Physics&nbsp;at Boston University, it is important to understand the fate of water on Mars for which it is important to track the escapee atoms.

Watch:&nbsp;China advances deadline for launch of Mars mission by two years

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Scientists, by measuring the number of hydrogen atoms going into space and the current escape rate, can trace water's history on the planet.

In the atmosphere of Mars, the sunlight is suspected to have dismantled the water molecules and divided them into two types of atoms - which are hydrogen and deuterium or “heavy hydrogen.”

Mars does not have a magnetic field, unlike Earth, because of which the solar wind directly interacts with the atmosphere.

Because of these interactions, light gases like hydrogen, get stripped from the atmosphere.

(With inputs from agencies)&nbsp;

In a joint study between NASA's Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution (MAVEN) and the Hubble Space Telescope, it was observed that Mars may have lost its water because of the seasonal changes on the planet.

In a joint study between NASA's Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution (MAVEN) and the Hubble Space Telescope, it was observed that Mars may have lost its water because of the seasonal changes on the planet. More than three billion years ago, the Red Planet was warm and wet and had large water bodies on its surface along with a thicker atmosphere. However, today Mars is barren, dry and cold. So, where exactly did the water disappear? Mysterious disappearance of Martian water "There's only two places water can go," said John Clarke of the University of Boston, in a statement. "It can freeze into the ground, or the water molecules can break into atoms, and the atoms can escape from the top of the atmosphere into space," he added. There is still plenty of water on Mars. It has been observed that vast reservoirs of water are locked deep underground at depths between 11.5 and 20 kilometres (7.1 and 12.4 miles). Also Read: Elon Musk says SpaceX to launch first uncrewed Starships to Mars in two years The surface of Mars has sufficient water inside it which is the global equivalent layer (GEL) - refers to how deep a planet-wide ocean it can create. Meanwhile, water-ice in small amounts is also locked inside the shallow permafrost and in the polar ice caps of Mars. According to John Clarke and his team in the Center for Space Physics at Boston University, it is important to understand the fate of water on Mars for which it is important to track the escapee atoms. Watch: China advances deadline for launch of Mars mission by two years Scientists, by measuring the number of hydrogen atoms going into space and the current escape rate, can trace water's history on the planet. In the atmosphere of Mars, the sunlight is suspected to have dismantled the water molecules and divided them into two types of atoms - which are hydrogen and deuterium or “heavy hydrogen.” Mars does not have a magnetic field, unlike Earth, because of which the solar wind directly interacts with the atmosphere. Because of these interactions, light gases like hydrogen, get stripped from the atmosphere. (With inputs from agencies)

Mars once had water but now it's barren. Here's what led to its mysterious disappearance

Britain will set out new legislation to stop water companies leaking sewage into rivers and seas and it will do so by bringing in tougher penalties including imprisonment for company bosses, and giving the regulator new powers.

UK rivers riddled with sewage pollution

The samples collected from the 4.5-billion-year-old Asteroid Bennu and brought to Earth are being studied by researchers from&nbsp;Curtin University, who are part of an international team, to understand the origins of our solar system.&nbsp;

The scientists carrying out the research have said that the asteroid most likely existed before the birth of the Solar System and may have brought water and life to Earth.&nbsp;

NASA’s billion-dollar&nbsp;OSIRIS-REx&nbsp;mission completed its seven-year journey in September last year and brought back samples from the asteroid Bennu. Its specimens were sent to different research laboratories across the world, which included Curtin.

In a new study, which has been published in&nbsp;Meteoritics and Planetary Science, some amazing findings from the samples have been revealed.

Also Read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/asteroid-20-times-bigger-than-dinosaur-killer-deviated-solar-systems-largest-moon-755527">Asteroid 20 times bigger than dinosaur killer altered Ganymede's position</a>

The scientists found dark particles, which ranged from dust-sized to approximately 3.5 cm long, along with some lighter particles and stones, with&nbsp;brighter material that formed veins and crusts in the samples of the asteroid.

“Analyses show Bennu is among the most chemically primitive materials known, similar in composition to the visible surface of the sun,” said OSIRIS-REx Sample Analysis Team member Associate Professor Nick Timms.

“This indicates Bennu has undergone different processes to the planets, and these processes changed the abundance of particular elements relative to the sun," he added.

In the analysis of the samples, the presence of various components were also confirmed, like hydrated phyllosilicates, which is a type of mineral that forms when water is present, and carbon-rich material.

“This means asteroids such as this may have played a key role in delivering water and the building blocks of life to Earth,” said Associate Professor Timms.

<h2>Asteroid Bennu's samples have presolar grains which existed before Solar System</h2>

The scientists also found some unexpected components in the samples. “We were surprised to find magnesium-sodium phosphates, which further suggests Bennu experienced chemical environments which possibly involved water," said Associate Professor Timms.

Watch:&nbsp;China plans nukes against asteroids

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“We also found other trace minerals, which offer clues as to the processes which have happened on Bennu over billions of years, such as temperature and pressure conditions. These trace minerals help paint a picture of Bennu’s evolution and also offer insights into the early solar system and how the different planetary bodies in the solar system were created," he added.

“The sample has presolar grains created before our solar system existed, which can provide a detailed biography of the lives of ancient stars,” the professor further said.&nbsp;

(With inputs from agencies)

The samples collected from the 4.5-billion-year-old Asteroid Bennu and brought to Earth are being studied by researchers from Curtin University, who are part of an international team, to understand the origins of our solar system.

The samples collected from the 4.5-billion-year-old Asteroid Bennu and brought to Earth are being studied by researchers from Curtin University, who are part of an international team, to understand the origins of our solar system. The scientists carrying out the research have said that the asteroid most likely existed before the birth of the Solar System and may have brought water and life to Earth. NASA’s billion-dollar OSIRIS-REx mission completed its seven-year journey in September last year and brought back samples from the asteroid Bennu. Its specimens were sent to different research laboratories across the world, which included Curtin. In a new study, which has been published in Meteoritics and Planetary Science, some amazing findings from the samples have been revealed. Also Read: Asteroid 20 times bigger than dinosaur killer altered Ganymede's position The scientists found dark particles, which ranged from dust-sized to approximately 3.5 cm long, along with some lighter particles and stones, with brighter material that formed veins and crusts in the samples of the asteroid. “Analyses show Bennu is among the most chemically primitive materials known, similar in composition to the visible surface of the sun,” said OSIRIS-REx Sample Analysis Team member Associate Professor Nick Timms. “This indicates Bennu has undergone different processes to the planets, and these processes changed the abundance of particular elements relative to the sun," he added. In the analysis of the samples, the presence of various components were also confirmed, like hydrated phyllosilicates, which is a type of mineral that forms when water is present, and carbon-rich material. “This means asteroids such as this may have played a key role in delivering water and the building blocks of life to Earth,” said Associate Professor Timms. Asteroid Bennu's samples have presolar grains which existed before Solar System The scientists also found some unexpected components in the samples. “We were surprised to find magnesium-sodium phosphates, which further suggests Bennu experienced chemical environments which possibly involved water," said Associate Professor Timms. Watch: China plans nukes against asteroids “We also found other trace minerals, which offer clues as to the processes which have happened on Bennu over billions of years, such as temperature and pressure conditions. These trace minerals help paint a picture of Bennu’s evolution and also offer insights into the early solar system and how the different planetary bodies in the solar system were created," he added. “The sample has presolar grains created before our solar system existed, which can provide a detailed biography of the lives of ancient stars,” the professor further said. (With inputs from agencies)

Asteroid Bennu brought life and water to Earth, it existed before Solar System's origin: Study

More than half the world does not trust its drinking water, and expects to be harmed by it in the next two years, a new global survey has found.

The study was done using nationally representative data from 148,585 adults in 141 countries from the 2019 Lloyd’s Register Foundation World Risk Poll, according to a release.&nbsp;

 
Watch: Water security threat amidst low snow on Himalayas, says report

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&nbsp;

 
The fear over drinking water was highest in Zambia, and lowest in Singapore while the overall mean was 52.3%, according to the study published in the journal Nature Communications on Monday (Aug 26).

In the US, 39%&nbsp;anticipated serious harm from drinking water in the short term, said the study by Northwestern University and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.&nbsp;

<a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/climate-threatened-maldives-receives-tibetan-glacier-water-from-china-705369">Also read: Climate change-threatened Maldives receives Tibetan glacier water from China</a> 
 
Those who are worried about their drinking water are mainly women, city dwellers, individuals with more education, and those struggling with their current income were more likely to anticipate being harmed by their drinking water, said the release on the study.

Interestingly, it found a correlation between higher corruption perception index scores and expected harm from drinking water

And even in countries like the US, where water access is consistent, doubts about safety were widespread, found the study.&nbsp;

<h2>What happens when people don't trust their drinking water?</h2>

Sera Young, professor of anthropology and global health at Northwestern and senior author of the new study said,&nbsp;“When we mistrust our tap water, we buy packaged water, which is wildly expensive and hard on the environment; drink soda or other sugar-sweetened beverages, which is hard on the teeth and the waistline; and consume highly processed prepared foods or go to restaurants to avoid cooking at home, which is less healthy and more expensive."

"Individuals exposed to unsafe water also experience greater psychological stress and are at greater risk of depression.”

<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/earths-groundwater-to-turn-undrinkable-for-half-a-billion-people-by-2100-study-740031">Also read:&nbsp;Earth's groundwater to turn 'undrinkable' for half a billion people by 2100: Study</a> 
 
It is difficult for consumers to judge the hazards and safety of their water supply because many contaminants are invisible, odourless and tasteless, noted the authors of the study.

Without adequate information, many are left to evaluate the safety of their water based on prior experiences, media reports, and personal values and beliefs, they said.

(With inputs from agencies) 
&nbsp;

More than half the world does not trust its drinking water, and expects to be harmed by it in the next two years, a new global survey has found. The study was done using nationally representative data from 148,585 adults in 141 countries from the 2019 Lloyd’s Register Foundation World Risk Poll, according to a release.

More than half the world does not trust its drinking water, and expects to be harmed by it in the next two years, a new global survey has found. The study was done using nationally representative data from 148,585 adults in 141 countries from the 2019 Lloyd’s Register Foundation World Risk Poll, according to a release. Watch: Water security threat amidst low snow on Himalayas, says report × The fear over drinking water was highest in Zambia, and lowest in Singapore while the overall mean was 52.3%, according to the study published in the journal Nature Communications on Monday (Aug 26). In the US, 39% anticipated serious harm from drinking water in the short term, said the study by Northwestern University and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Also read: Climate change-threatened Maldives receives Tibetan glacier water from China Those who are worried about their drinking water are mainly women, city dwellers, individuals with more education, and those struggling with their current income were more likely to anticipate being harmed by their drinking water, said the release on the study. Interestingly, it found a correlation between higher corruption perception index scores and expected harm from drinking water And even in countries like the US, where water access is consistent, doubts about safety were widespread, found the study. What happens when people don't trust their drinking water? Sera Young, professor of anthropology and global health at Northwestern and senior author of the new study said, “When we mistrust our tap water, we buy packaged water, which is wildly expensive and hard on the environment; drink soda or other sugar-sweetened beverages, which is hard on the teeth and the waistline; and consume highly processed prepared foods or go to restaurants to avoid cooking at home, which is less healthy and more expensive." "Individuals exposed to unsafe water also experience greater psychological stress and are at greater risk of depression.” Also read: Earth's groundwater to turn 'undrinkable' for half a billion people by 2100: Study It is difficult for consumers to judge the hazards and safety of their water supply because many contaminants are invisible, odourless and tasteless, noted the authors of the study. Without adequate information, many are left to evaluate the safety of their water based on prior experiences, media reports, and personal values and beliefs, they said. (With inputs from agencies)

More than half of the world does not trust its drinking water and expects to be harmed by it: Study

Scientists have now figured out that 95 per cent of water present on any exoplanet may be trapped deep inside the planet's iron core, making it more potentially habitable.

"It is only in recent years that we have begun to realize that planets are more complex than we had thought. Planets&nbsp;are much more water-abundant than previously assumed," said Caroline Dorn, professor of&nbsp;exoplanets&nbsp;at ETH Zurich in Switzerland, in a&nbsp;statement.

Initially, they are made of hot worlds of oceans of molten magma which have not yet cooled. After cooling, they form a solid mantle of silicate bedrock.&nbsp;

In such magma oceans, water dissolves easily, unlike carbon dioxide, which outgasses and rises in the atmosphere.

Also Read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/james-webb-telescope-captures-one-of-the-coldest-exoplanets-six-times-the-size-of-jupiter-12-light-years-away-744049">James Webb telescope captures one of the coldest exoplanets, 6 times the size of Jupiter, 12 light years away</a>

Dorn, along with Haiyang Luo and Jie Deng from Princeton University, investigated how the water gets distributed between the silicates and the&nbsp;iron.&nbsp;

Explaining the results of the study, Dorn said, "The iron core takes time to develop. A large share of the iron is initially contained in the hot magma soup in the form of droplets."&nbsp;

<h2>Here's how water enters the iron core of rocky planets</h2>

The water then combines with the iron droplets and carries them to the core. "The iron droplets behave like a lift that is conveyed downward by the water," Dorn said.

"This is one of the key results of our study. The larger the planet and the greater its mass, the more the water tends to go with the iron droplets and become integrated into the core. Under certain circumstances, iron can absorb up to 70 times more water than silicates. However, owing to the enormous pressure at the core, the water no longer takes the form of H2O molecules but is present in hydrogen and oxygen," Dorn said.

Watch:&nbsp;Mercury's Diamonds: What lies beneath the planet's crust?&nbsp;

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The scientists used a computer model to understand how water reacts with molten magma on a young planet and found that much of the water, even on super-earth, can end up in its interior.&nbsp;

"The larger the planet and the greater its mass, the more the water tends to go with the iron droplets and become integrated into the core," Dorn said.&nbsp;

"Under certain circumstances, iron can absorb up to 70 times more water than silicates. However, owing to the enormous pressure at the core, the water no longer takes the form of H20 molecules but is present in hydrogen and oxygen. So if we find water in a planet's atmosphere, there is probably a great deal more in its interior," she explained.

(With inputs from agencies)&nbsp;

Scientists have now figured out that 95 per cent of water present on any exoplanet may be trapped deep inside the planet's iron core, making it more potentially habitable.

Scientists have now figured out that 95 per cent of water present on any exoplanet may be trapped deep inside the planet's iron core, making it more potentially habitable. "It is only in recent years that we have begun to realize that planets are more complex than we had thought. Planets are much more water-abundant than previously assumed," said Caroline Dorn, professor of exoplanets at ETH Zurich in Switzerland, in a statement. Initially, they are made of hot worlds of oceans of molten magma which have not yet cooled. After cooling, they form a solid mantle of silicate bedrock. In such magma oceans, water dissolves easily, unlike carbon dioxide, which outgasses and rises in the atmosphere. Also Read: James Webb telescope captures one of the coldest exoplanets, 6 times the size of Jupiter, 12 light years away Dorn, along with Haiyang Luo and Jie Deng from Princeton University, investigated how the water gets distributed between the silicates and the iron. Explaining the results of the study, Dorn said, "The iron core takes time to develop. A large share of the iron is initially contained in the hot magma soup in the form of droplets." Here's how water enters the iron core of rocky planets The water then combines with the iron droplets and carries them to the core. "The iron droplets behave like a lift that is conveyed downward by the water," Dorn said. "This is one of the key results of our study. The larger the planet and the greater its mass, the more the water tends to go with the iron droplets and become integrated into the core. Under certain circumstances, iron can absorb up to 70 times more water than silicates. However, owing to the enormous pressure at the core, the water no longer takes the form of H2O molecules but is present in hydrogen and oxygen," Dorn said. Watch: Mercury's Diamonds: What lies beneath the planet's crust? The scientists used a computer model to understand how water reacts with molten magma on a young planet and found that much of the water, even on super-earth, can end up in its interior. "The larger the planet and the greater its mass, the more the water tends to go with the iron droplets and become integrated into the core," Dorn said. "Under certain circumstances, iron can absorb up to 70 times more water than silicates. However, owing to the enormous pressure at the core, the water no longer takes the form of H20 molecules but is present in hydrogen and oxygen. So if we find water in a planet's atmosphere, there is probably a great deal more in its interior," she explained. (With inputs from agencies)

Water on exoplanets? Earth-like planets may be holding water in molten cores

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