As more and more companies pull out from Russia over its war on Ukraine, Kremlin is reportedly easing its copyright laws and allowing domestic companies to steal intellectual property from “unfriendly nations”.

Earlier this week, the Russian Ministry of Economic Development proposed relaxing piracy legislation to undermine sanctions imposed by the Western countries.

“The possibility of lifting restrictions on the use of intellectual property contained in certain goods, the supply of which to Russia is limited, is being considered,” the ministry said in a statement.

“This will smooth out the impact on the market of breaks in supply chains, as well as the shortage of goods and services that arose due to new sanctions by Western countries.”

According to a TASS report, such measures would “mitigate the impact on the market of supply chain brakes as well as shortages of goods and services that have arisen due to new sanctions of western countries.”

State-backed newspaper Rossiyskaya Gazeta reports that new laws allow will Russian firms to steal from unfriendly countries without paying to use their intellectual property.

“Since many Western studios have refused to release new films in Russia, the parliamentarian believes that thanks to the torrent tracker, users will be able to watch Hollywood films,” reports Gazetta.

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/white-house-briefs-tiktokers-on-ukraine-as-information-war-against-russia-heats-up-461466">White House briefs TikTokers on Ukraine as information war heats up</a>

The list of ‘unfriend countries’ includes the US, Australia, Great Britain, Iceland, Canada, Monaco, New Zealand, Norway, South Korea, Japan, Ukraine, Switzerland and EU member states.

More than a dozen companies originating in the West have halted operations in Russia in response to the attack on Ukraine.

Streaming platforms such as Netflix, Disney+Hotstar have blocked their services in Russia.

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/photos/in-pics-list-of-foreign-companies-pulling-out-of-russia-keeps-on-growing-459518">List of foreign companies pulling out of Russia keeps on growing</a>

Software companies like Microsoft, Google, Meta, Samsung, Apple, fashion designers like Zara and H&amp;M, apart from automobile companies such as Toyota, Renault, have all ceased operations.

Food and retail companies like McDonald's, Starbucks and Coca-Cola have exited the Russian market. While consumer goods brands Unilever and Kraft Heinz suspended all Russian imports and exports.

(With inputs from agencies)

As more and more companies pull out from Russia over its war on Ukraine, Kremlin is reportedly easing its copyright laws and allowing domestic companies to steal intellectual property from “unfriendly nations”.

As more and more companies pull out from Russia over its war on Ukraine, Kremlin is reportedly easing its copyright laws and allowing domestic companies to steal intellectual property from “unfriendly nations”. Earlier this week, the Russian Ministry of Economic Development proposed relaxing piracy legislation to undermine sanctions imposed by the Western countries. “The possibility of lifting restrictions on the use of intellectual property contained in certain goods, the supply of which to Russia is limited, is being considered,” the ministry said in a statement. “This will smooth out the impact on the market of breaks in supply chains, as well as the shortage of goods and services that arose due to new sanctions by Western countries.” According to a TASS report, such measures would “mitigate the impact on the market of supply chain brakes as well as shortages of goods and services that have arisen due to new sanctions of western countries.” State-backed newspaper Rossiyskaya Gazeta reports that new laws allow will Russian firms to steal from unfriendly countries without paying to use their intellectual property. “Since many Western studios have refused to release new films in Russia, the parliamentarian believes that thanks to the torrent tracker, users will be able to watch Hollywood films,” reports Gazetta. Also read | White House briefs TikTokers on Ukraine as information war heats up The list of ‘unfriend countries’ includes the US, Australia, Great Britain, Iceland, Canada, Monaco, New Zealand, Norway, South Korea, Japan, Ukraine, Switzerland and EU member states. More than a dozen companies originating in the West have halted operations in Russia in response to the attack on Ukraine. Streaming platforms such as Netflix, Disney+Hotstar have blocked their services in Russia. Also read | List of foreign companies pulling out of Russia keeps on growing Software companies like Microsoft, Google, Meta, Samsung, Apple, fashion designers like Zara and H&M, apart from automobile companies such as Toyota, Renault, have all ceased operations. Food and retail companies like McDonald's, Starbucks and Coca-Cola have exited the Russian market. While consumer goods brands Unilever and Kraft Heinz suspended all Russian imports and exports. (With inputs from agencies)

Russia legalises piracy, allows patent thefts to counter West sanctions: Report

The head of German pharmaceutical company BioNTech said on Monday that there is no need to waive patents on coronavirus vaccines because manufacturers will be able to produce enough shots to supply the world over the coming year.&nbsp;

Ugur Sahin, the chief executive of BioNTech, rejected the US-backed proposal to temporarily lift some intellectual property rights for vaccines in order to boost global supply during the ongoing pandemic.&nbsp;

In a call with investors announcing the company’s first-quarter net profit of 1.13 billion euros ($1.37 billion), Sahin said BioNTech and its US partner Pfizer had already delivered vaccines to more than 90 countries and more than doubled its forecast production capacity for the year.&nbsp;

“We have now scaled the manufacturing capacity up to 3 billion doses in 2021, and more than 40% of these doses are expected to go to middle- and low-income countries,” Sahin said.&nbsp;

Waiving patents would not ease supply shortages in the coming months, he said, citing the complexity of producing the mRNA-based shot his company developed last year.&nbsp;

Sahin said his company is working to further expand its manufacturing network with its own sites, such as one now planned in Singapore, and through cooperation with other manufacturers to ensure greater supply while maintaining the quality of the vaccine. But he also noted that rival manufacturers have their own shots either on the market already or in the pipeline.&nbsp;

“We believe, together with the other vaccine developers, in the next 9 to 12 months, that there will be more than enough vaccine produced and there is absolutely no need for waiving patents,” he said.&nbsp;

BioNTech’s estimated revenues surged to over two billion euros for the period from January to March, compared with just 28 million euros in the same period last year, after it launched the first widely used vaccine against COVID-19 together with Pfizer, which holds the market and distribution rights in much of the world.&nbsp;

The Mainz-based company said its revenues included over 1.75 billion euros in gross profits from vaccine sales in Pfizer’s territories, and almost 200 million from sales to customers in its region. Based on current orders for some 1.8 billion doses, it expects full-year revenues of 12.4 billion euros in 2021.&nbsp;

BioNTech shares rose by more than 7% to $196.60 in early trading on Monday on Nasdaq.&nbsp;

The results are a significant turnaround for the company, which made a net loss of 53 million euros in the first quarter of 2020.&nbsp;

Early last year as the pandemic began, BioNTech pivoted from researching treatments for cancer to developing a vaccine against COVID-19. Like its rival Moderna, the company’s vaccine uses mRNA technology to prime the body’s immune system to attack the virus.&nbsp;

(With inputs from agencies)&nbsp;

The head of German pharmaceutical company BioNTech said on Monday that there is no need to waive patents on coronavirus vaccines because manufacturers will be able to produce enough shots to supply the world over the coming year.

The head of German pharmaceutical company BioNTech said on Monday that there is no need to waive patents on coronavirus vaccines because manufacturers will be able to produce enough shots to supply the world over the coming year. Ugur Sahin, the chief executive of BioNTech, rejected the US-backed proposal to temporarily lift some intellectual property rights for vaccines in order to boost global supply during the ongoing pandemic. In a call with investors announcing the company’s first-quarter net profit of 1.13 billion euros ($1.37 billion), Sahin said BioNTech and its US partner Pfizer had already delivered vaccines to more than 90 countries and more than doubled its forecast production capacity for the year. “We have now scaled the manufacturing capacity up to 3 billion doses in 2021, and more than 40% of these doses are expected to go to middle- and low-income countries,” Sahin said. Waiving patents would not ease supply shortages in the coming months, he said, citing the complexity of producing the mRNA-based shot his company developed last year. Sahin said his company is working to further expand its manufacturing network with its own sites, such as one now planned in Singapore, and through cooperation with other manufacturers to ensure greater supply while maintaining the quality of the vaccine. But he also noted that rival manufacturers have their own shots either on the market already or in the pipeline. “We believe, together with the other vaccine developers, in the next 9 to 12 months, that there will be more than enough vaccine produced and there is absolutely no need for waiving patents,” he said. BioNTech’s estimated revenues surged to over two billion euros for the period from January to March, compared with just 28 million euros in the same period last year, after it launched the first widely used vaccine against COVID-19 together with Pfizer, which holds the market and distribution rights in much of the world. The Mainz-based company said its revenues included over 1.75 billion euros in gross profits from vaccine sales in Pfizer’s territories, and almost 200 million from sales to customers in its region. Based on current orders for some 1.8 billion doses, it expects full-year revenues of 12.4 billion euros in 2021. BioNTech shares rose by more than 7% to $196.60 in early trading on Monday on Nasdaq. The results are a significant turnaround for the company, which made a net loss of 53 million euros in the first quarter of 2020. Early last year as the pandemic began, BioNTech pivoted from researching treatments for cancer to developing a vaccine against COVID-19. Like its rival Moderna, the company’s vaccine uses mRNA technology to prime the body’s immune system to attack the virus. (With inputs from agencies)

Vaccine maker BioNTech says no need to waive patents 

After refusing to sell vaccine raw materials, the US is now trying to undo the damage.&nbsp; President Joe Biden spoke to Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi last night and promised to send emergency assistance. This includes oxygen supplies, vaccine materials and medicines. On Monday, an Air India flight picked up oxygen concentrators from New York. &nbsp;

This is a welcome shift. Remember, America was reluctant to help. It changed, after it was slammed the world over. Not only for refusing to help India, but also for hoarding vaccines. &nbsp;

<div class="videoWrapper trancodeVideo"><iframe allowfullscreen="" autoplay="1" class="includeVideo" frameborder="0" height="350" src="https://www.wionews.com/videos/gravitas-bill-gates-says-no-to-sharing-vaccine-formulas-to-developing-world-380867/embed" style="width:100%;max-width:560px;" width="560"></iframe></div>

America wants to send up to 60,000,000 doses of the AstraZeneca vaccine to different countries. When will that happen? After American regulators check the safety of the shots. It could take weeks and even months. So, there are no clear timelines. The world is not America's priority. So, why is it sharing vaccines at all? Because it's got too many of them, more than 550,000,000 excess doses.&nbsp;

That's what you call hoarding. Countries like China and India exported more than 40 per cent of their supplies. Even the European Union had shared 42 per cent of its supplies. What about the United States? It exported zero shots. What about the United Kingdom? Again, zero. &nbsp;

Countries like the US and the UK represent the global elite. The rich, who booked millions of doses well in advance. Now, they have extra vaccines, enough to inoculate their population three times and in some cases, five times. But they haven't shared anything with the world and they are making sure this system does not change.&nbsp;

They won't share vaccines, or patents. Life-saving drugs have been locked in patents. &nbsp;

Reports say during the phone call, Prime Minister Modi pressed President Biden about this. India has been pushing for a waiver on vaccine patents at the World Trade Organisation. The US and the UK have aggressively blocked this proposal, backing them are the European Union and Japan.&nbsp;

After the phone call, a senior official of the Biden administration was asked if America will relent. Will the United States back a patent waiver? Team Biden said it has nothing to share on this front.

And it's not just governments&nbsp;who are putting patents over lives. Even individuals, who make up the global elite, are championing the cause of big pharma. The likes of Bill Gates, the billionaire philanthropist, believes vaccine formulas should not be shared with the developing world. On Sunday, Bill Gates was asked if it would be helpful for intellectual property protections to be lifted. He responded with an emphatic no. &nbsp;

Because he fears that lifting patent rights even temporarily could comprise the safety of vaccines. Gates believes in keeping the circle tight, that ideas like moving production from a Johnson &amp; Johnson factory to a facility in India are novel and they only happen 'because of our grants and expertise'.&nbsp;

“There's only so many vaccine factories in the world and people are very serious about the safety of vaccines. So, moving something that had never been done, moving a vaccine, say, from a (Johnson &amp; Johnson) factory into a factory in India, it's novel, it's only because of our grants and expertise that can happen at all,” said Gates, who was toeing the line of big pharma. &nbsp;

According to a report, every vaccine maker has its own secret recipes and supply chains, and they insist that no other approach is possible. &nbsp;

This is exactly why the world is lagging behind in the global vaccination drive. It's because the supplies have been limited by design. Only a few companies are being allowed to make vaccines right now. More than one billion shots have been administered so far. 87 per cent of these have gone to rich countries. One in four people in wealthy countries have got a jab. What about the poor countries? Just one in 500 have got a shot in these nations. &nbsp;

According to a report, only 0.2 per cent of the doses made so far have been dispensed to low-income countries. This is not just a question of inequity. This strategy will come back to bite the rich, because at this rate, the pandemic will take years to end. And if it doesn't end in the poor countries, it won't end in the rich ones either as this virus mutates and jumps borders. &nbsp;

Around 185,00,000 doses are being administered daily around the world. At this pace, it would take at least 19 more months to inoculate 75 per cent of the world population, which means extending this pandemic for at least two more years. If the world wants to end this pandemic, it must end vaccine patents first.&nbsp;

After refusing to sell vaccine raw materials, the US is now trying to undo the damage. President Joe Biden spoke to Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi last night and promised to send emergency assistance.

After refusing to sell vaccine raw materials, the US is now trying to undo the damage. President Joe Biden spoke to Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi last night and promised to send emergency assistance. This includes oxygen supplies, vaccine materials and medicines. On Monday, an Air India flight picked up oxygen concentrators from New York. This is a welcome shift. Remember, America was reluctant to help. It changed, after it was slammed the world over. Not only for refusing to help India, but also for hoarding vaccines. America wants to send up to 60,000,000 doses of the AstraZeneca vaccine to different countries. When will that happen? After American regulators check the safety of the shots. It could take weeks and even months. So, there are no clear timelines. The world is not America's priority. So, why is it sharing vaccines at all? Because it's got too many of them, more than 550,000,000 excess doses. That's what you call hoarding. Countries like China and India exported more than 40 per cent of their supplies. Even the European Union had shared 42 per cent of its supplies. What about the United States? It exported zero shots. What about the United Kingdom? Again, zero. Countries like the US and the UK represent the global elite. The rich, who booked millions of doses well in advance. Now, they have extra vaccines, enough to inoculate their population three times and in some cases, five times. But they haven't shared anything with the world and they are making sure this system does not change. They won't share vaccines, or patents. Life-saving drugs have been locked in patents. Reports say during the phone call, Prime Minister Modi pressed President Biden about this. India has been pushing for a waiver on vaccine patents at the World Trade Organisation. The US and the UK have aggressively blocked this proposal, backing them are the European Union and Japan. After the phone call, a senior official of the Biden administration was asked if America will relent. Will the United States back a patent waiver? Team Biden said it has nothing to share on this front. And it's not just governments who are putting patents over lives. Even individuals, who make up the global elite, are championing the cause of big pharma. The likes of Bill Gates, the billionaire philanthropist, believes vaccine formulas should not be shared with the developing world. On Sunday, Bill Gates was asked if it would be helpful for intellectual property protections to be lifted. He responded with an emphatic no. Because he fears that lifting patent rights even temporarily could comprise the safety of vaccines. Gates believes in keeping the circle tight, that ideas like moving production from a Johnson & Johnson factory to a facility in India are novel and they only happen 'because of our grants and expertise'. “There's only so many vaccine factories in the world and people are very serious about the safety of vaccines. So, moving something that had never been done, moving a vaccine, say, from a (Johnson & Johnson) factory into a factory in India, it's novel, it's only because of our grants and expertise that can happen at all,” said Gates, who was toeing the line of big pharma. According to a report, every vaccine maker has its own secret recipes and supply chains, and they insist that no other approach is possible. This is exactly why the world is lagging behind in the global vaccination drive. It's because the supplies have been limited by design. Only a few companies are being allowed to make vaccines right now. More than one billion shots have been administered so far. 87 per cent of these have gone to rich countries. One in four people in wealthy countries have got a jab. What about the poor countries? Just one in 500 have got a shot in these nations. According to a report, only 0.2 per cent of the doses made so far have been dispensed to low-income countries. This is not just a question of inequity. This strategy will come back to bite the rich, because at this rate, the pandemic will take years to end. And if it doesn't end in the poor countries, it won't end in the rich ones either as this virus mutates and jumps borders. Around 185,00,000 doses are being administered daily around the world. At this pace, it would take at least 19 more months to inoculate 75 per cent of the world population, which means extending this pandemic for at least two more years. If the world wants to end this pandemic, it must end vaccine patents first.

Will rich countries share vaccines or patents? 

Imagine mobilising for a war, but only arming a handful of soldiers. It's a doomed strategy but that's exactly what the world is doing now. Private companies have been leading the global vaccine research. Pfizer, Moderna, J&amp;J vaccines are being developed by big pharma companies. &nbsp;

Big pharma companies are acting like mercenaries as they are singularly focussed on profits. They sell life-saving drugs for a profit, perform life-saving surgeries for a profit.&nbsp;

<div class="videoWrapper trancodeVideo"><iframe allowfullscreen="" autoplay="1" class="includeVideo" frameborder="0" height="350" src="https://www.wionews.com/videos/gravitas-patents-hamper-global-pandemic-response-380622/embed" style="width:100%;max-width:560px;" width="560"></iframe></div>

For decades, big pharma has spun money out of health crises using patents. Think of it as a glorified way of calling dibs if you have a patent for something, only you can produce or use it. If someone else does, you can sue them. The whole idea behind patents is to protect ingenuity but it has been misused by pharma companies.&nbsp;

They have locked up formulas of life-saving drugs and created a profit-churning monopoly. Humira is a drug prescribed for arthritis. It is among the most popular ones in the market. There are 132 patents protecting the makers, which means Humira is a guaranteed monopoly for at least 39 years. Then, there is Lantus, a long-acting insulin used in type one and type two diabetes, again, extremely popular in the market. There are 49 patents protecting Lantus for a period of 37 years.&nbsp;

Both these medicines can save lives but there is a monopoly on both of them. It means higher prices and lower output. It's an unfair system and today is a good day to talk about it. It's World Intellectual Property Day, which is supposed to create awareness on patents and trademarks and copyrights to celebrate the innovation of creators. But the way patents are being misused, what exactly are we celebrating?&nbsp;

Patents have put a price tag on human lives and they continue to do so during this pandemic. Right from the start, patents have complicated our pandemic response. Think back to the mask shortage in 2020. It was because American multinational 3m had a patent on N95 masks. So, new firms could not start producing immediately. It was the same story for testing. Companies patented rapid testing kits. So, there was no scope for mass production and now with vaccines, nothing has changed. The formulas are still locked away and only a handful of companies have successfully developed vaccines.&nbsp;

Imagine if they shared their designs with the world, we could end the pandemic in weeks, but that would mean sacrificing profits. So, what's the solution here? How can we side-step patents?&nbsp;

One option is to pool them. The World Health Organization is using this method for HIV and tuberculosis. In it, multiple patent holders come together and form a consortium. And within this consortium, they share patents. So now, there are more producers for each medicine. You could say a patent pool is one step below open source.

Another option is to do away with intellectual property rights in pharma. This might sound impossible, but there is a real-life example for it:&nbsp;the WHO's global influenza surveillance and response system. Their scientists meet every two years and update each other on the developing strains and finalise a vaccine design. The jabs are then produced in government-funded labs around the world. There are no private players. This could become the future of public health but knowing big pharma, they will fight back, which is where governments come in. No monopoly can thrive without the state's ignorance as international law puts public health over patents. So technically, governments can force pharma companies to share their designs, but they still haven't done it. Instead, what they have done is hoard vaccines. &nbsp;

The arithmetic of vaccination is simple. Two shots per person. So, it's not tough to calculate how many shots you actually need to buy but the United States and Europe are on a buying spree. Around 16% of the world population has bought more than half the output and they are just sitting on this stockpile. The US has ordered around 40 million doses of AstraZeneca's vaccine, but they don't need these jabs. Once the next shipment of Pfizer and Moderna arrive, the US will have enough shots to inoculate every adult thrice. This is a classic case of hoarding. &nbsp;

Monopolies and hoarding kill competition but here, it is killing people. This world IPR day, let's bring back the original motto of patents, which is&nbsp;to enrich human lives, to further human capacity, etc. And if big pharma doesn't relent, it's time for governments to put the foot down.&nbsp;

Imagine mobilising for a war, but only arming a handful of soldiers. It's a doomed strategy but that's exactly what the world is doing now. Private companies have been leading the global vaccine research.

Imagine mobilising for a war, but only arming a handful of soldiers. It's a doomed strategy but that's exactly what the world is doing now. Private companies have been leading the global vaccine research. Pfizer, Moderna, J&J vaccines are being developed by big pharma companies. Big pharma companies are acting like mercenaries as they are singularly focussed on profits. They sell life-saving drugs for a profit, perform life-saving surgeries for a profit. For decades, big pharma has spun money out of health crises using patents. Think of it as a glorified way of calling dibs if you have a patent for something, only you can produce or use it. If someone else does, you can sue them. The whole idea behind patents is to protect ingenuity but it has been misused by pharma companies. They have locked up formulas of life-saving drugs and created a profit-churning monopoly. Humira is a drug prescribed for arthritis. It is among the most popular ones in the market. There are 132 patents protecting the makers, which means Humira is a guaranteed monopoly for at least 39 years. Then, there is Lantus, a long-acting insulin used in type one and type two diabetes, again, extremely popular in the market. There are 49 patents protecting Lantus for a period of 37 years. Both these medicines can save lives but there is a monopoly on both of them. It means higher prices and lower output. It's an unfair system and today is a good day to talk about it. It's World Intellectual Property Day, which is supposed to create awareness on patents and trademarks and copyrights to celebrate the innovation of creators. But the way patents are being misused, what exactly are we celebrating? Patents have put a price tag on human lives and they continue to do so during this pandemic. Right from the start, patents have complicated our pandemic response. Think back to the mask shortage in 2020. It was because American multinational 3m had a patent on N95 masks. So, new firms could not start producing immediately. It was the same story for testing. Companies patented rapid testing kits. So, there was no scope for mass production and now with vaccines, nothing has changed. The formulas are still locked away and only a handful of companies have successfully developed vaccines. Imagine if they shared their designs with the world, we could end the pandemic in weeks, but that would mean sacrificing profits. So, what's the solution here? How can we side-step patents? One option is to pool them. The World Health Organization is using this method for HIV and tuberculosis. In it, multiple patent holders come together and form a consortium. And within this consortium, they share patents. So now, there are more producers for each medicine. You could say a patent pool is one step below open source. Another option is to do away with intellectual property rights in pharma. This might sound impossible, but there is a real-life example for it: the WHO's global influenza surveillance and response system. Their scientists meet every two years and update each other on the developing strains and finalise a vaccine design. The jabs are then produced in government-funded labs around the world. There are no private players. This could become the future of public health but knowing big pharma, they will fight back, which is where governments come in. No monopoly can thrive without the state's ignorance as international law puts public health over patents. So technically, governments can force pharma companies to share their designs, but they still haven't done it. Instead, what they have done is hoard vaccines. The arithmetic of vaccination is simple. Two shots per person. So, it's not tough to calculate how many shots you actually need to buy but the United States and Europe are on a buying spree. Around 16% of the world population has bought more than half the output and they are just sitting on this stockpile. The US has ordered around 40 million doses of AstraZeneca's vaccine, but they don't need these jabs. Once the next shipment of Pfizer and Moderna arrive, the US will have enough shots to inoculate every adult thrice. This is a classic case of hoarding. Monopolies and hoarding kill competition but here, it is killing people. This world IPR day, let's bring back the original motto of patents, which is to enrich human lives, to further human capacity, etc. And if big pharma doesn't relent, it's time for governments to put the foot down.

The tale of patent misuse by big pharma companies 

Patents are slowing the vaccinations down. Since last year, India and South Africa have been pushing for a ban on vaccine patents. Only to be stonewalled by the rich countries. A last-ditch attempt is now underway to unlock the vaccine patents. &nbsp;

The world's leading powers are struggling as they are at the mercy of vaccine makers. The supply of shots has been slow as there aren't enough vials to go around. &nbsp;

More than seven billion people are to be vaccinated but only a handful of companies can produce vaccines.&nbsp;

The reason is vaccine patents. Only companies with patents can produce vaccines as their numbers are limited, so is their capacity. &nbsp;&nbsp;

Why can't more vaccine makers produce the coronavirus shot? &nbsp;&nbsp;

India and South Africa are pushing for it. They want a temporary waiver on vaccine patents. India and South Africa have moved a proposal at the World Trade Organisation but it did not find many takers. &nbsp;&nbsp;

<a href="https://www.wionews.com/videos/gravitas-why-india-wants-vaccine-patents-to-be-waived-365768">WATCH|</a>

<div class="videoWrapper trancodeVideo"><iframe allowfullscreen="" autoplay="1" class="includeVideo" frameborder="0" height="350" src="https://www.wionews.com/videos/gravitas-why-india-wants-vaccine-patents-to-be-waived-365768/embed" style="width:100%;max-width:560px;" width="560"></iframe></div>

In October last year, India and South Africa asked WTO to waive some provisions in a trade agreement. It would allow countries to waive off intellectual property rights on diagnostics, medicines and vaccines. It would have been a temporary measure to control the pandemic but rich countries want to make profits from the pandemic. This month, they blocked this proposal as they are also hoarding vaccines. They made millions of pre-orders and now, they don't want to share the patent.&nbsp;

The list includes the United States, the United Kingdom and the European Union. They have all opposed the proposal. They say it would stifle innovation. &nbsp;

A patent ban would rob big pharma companies of the incentive to make huge investments in research and development. So, is the proposal dead? Not yet. &nbsp;&nbsp;

India and South Africa along with other co-sponsors are now reaching out to WTO members individually. Reports say, the outline, scope and time frame for the patent waiver is being discussed.&nbsp;

The race to grab vaccines has divided the world. These divisions are showing at the WTO too.&nbsp;

Developed countries like Japan, Canada, the United Kingdom and Switzerland are saying they will not back the patent waiver while the developing world supports it.&nbsp;

Countries that still need their share of shots are co-sponsoring India and South Africa's proposal. It includes Bolivia, Eswatini, Kenya, Egypt, Mozambique, Mongolia, Pakistan, Venezuela and Zimbabwe.&nbsp;

Reports say a final call on the proposal may be taken this month. This decision will dictate for how long humanity will have to fight the coronavirus. The more vaccines we have, the sooner the pandemic will end.&nbsp;

Patents are slowing the vaccinations down. Since last year, India and South Africa have been pushing for a ban on vaccine patents. Only to be stonewalled by the rich countries.

Patents are slowing the vaccinations down. Since last year, India and South Africa have been pushing for a ban on vaccine patents. Only to be stonewalled by the rich countries. A last-ditch attempt is now underway to unlock the vaccine patents. The world's leading powers are struggling as they are at the mercy of vaccine makers. The supply of shots has been slow as there aren't enough vials to go around. More than seven billion people are to be vaccinated but only a handful of companies can produce vaccines. The reason is vaccine patents. Only companies with patents can produce vaccines as their numbers are limited, so is their capacity. Why can't more vaccine makers produce the coronavirus shot? India and South Africa are pushing for it. They want a temporary waiver on vaccine patents. India and South Africa have moved a proposal at the World Trade Organisation but it did not find many takers. WATCH| In October last year, India and South Africa asked WTO to waive some provisions in a trade agreement. It would allow countries to waive off intellectual property rights on diagnostics, medicines and vaccines. It would have been a temporary measure to control the pandemic but rich countries want to make profits from the pandemic. This month, they blocked this proposal as they are also hoarding vaccines. They made millions of pre-orders and now, they don't want to share the patent. The list includes the United States, the United Kingdom and the European Union. They have all opposed the proposal. They say it would stifle innovation. A patent ban would rob big pharma companies of the incentive to make huge investments in research and development. So, is the proposal dead? Not yet. India and South Africa along with other co-sponsors are now reaching out to WTO members individually. Reports say, the outline, scope and time frame for the patent waiver is being discussed. The race to grab vaccines has divided the world. These divisions are showing at the WTO too. Developed countries like Japan, Canada, the United Kingdom and Switzerland are saying they will not back the patent waiver while the developing world supports it. Countries that still need their share of shots are co-sponsoring India and South Africa's proposal. It includes Bolivia, Eswatini, Kenya, Egypt, Mozambique, Mongolia, Pakistan, Venezuela and Zimbabwe. Reports say a final call on the proposal may be taken this month. This decision will dictate for how long humanity will have to fight the coronavirus. The more vaccines we have, the sooner the pandemic will end.

The fight for Covid-19 vaccine patents rages on

Texas court has ruled against Apple telling them to pay more than $500 million in damages and interest for 4G patent infringements held by intellectual property company PanOptis.

Texas court has ruled against Apple telling them to pay more than $500 million in damages and interest for 4G patent infringements held by intellectual property company PanOptis. According to the local media, Apple will appeal the decision. PanOptis dragged Apple to court after claiming it refused to pay for the use of 4G LTE technologies in its smartphones, tablets and watches. PanOptis specializes in licensing patents. "The plaintiffs have repeatedly negotiated with Apple to reach an agreement for a FRAND license to the Plaintiff's patent portfolios which Apple is infringing," the court filing read. FRAND refers to terms that are "fair, reasonable and non-discriminatory" and is the IT industry standard for technology use. "The negotiations have been unsuccessful because Apple refuses to pay a FRAND royalty to the Plaintiff's license." According to the legal publication, Apple argued unsuccessfully that the patents were invalid. "Lawsuits like this by companies who accumulate patents simply to harass the industry only serve to stifle innovation and harm consumers," Apple said in a statement reported by media outlets. This the second time that the Texas court has ruled out a verdict against Apple Inc. The first time it demanded the tech giant to pay hundreds of millions of dollars to VirnetX -- another company specializing in patent litigation. On its website, PanOptis offers to manage its clients' patents, allowing them to concentrate on "innovation and new development." (Inputs from AFP)

Apple to pay over $500 million to PlanOptis, over patent violations: US court

Apple Inc's plea to avoid paying $440 million in damages to VirnetX Inc for using the patent licensing firm's security technology without permission in features such as FaceTime video calling was denied by the US Supreme Court.

Apple Inc's plea to avoid paying $440 million in damages to VirnetX Inc for using the patent licensing firm's security technology without permission in features such as FaceTime video calling was denied by the US Supreme Court. Apple's appeal was rejected by the judges in this case which spans a decade, wherein a Texas jury had discovered in 2016 that the iPhone manufacturer had infringed VirnetX's patents, following which the patent licensing firm was awarded $302 million. The amount was increased to $439.7 million including interest and other costs. Also Read: US jury asks Apple to pay $145 million in damages to Canada's WiLan In 2010, the Nevada-based VirnetX filed a lawsuit against California-based Apple of infringing four patents for secure networks, known as virtual private networks, and secure communications links. VirnetX was adamant that Apple infringed with its FaceTime and VPN on Demand features in products such as the iPhone and iPad. The judgement against apple was upheld last year by the US Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit in Washington. During the hearings, Apple and other tech titans requested a review of the validity of VirnetX patents by a tribunal of the US Patent and Trademark Office. Also Read: Samsung to pay $539 million to Apple for copying patented smartphone designs, features Key parts of the patents at issue, in this case, were cancelled by the Tribunal but in separate decisions issued last year, the Federal Circuit set aside certain of the tribunal's rulings which brought VirnetX closer to collecting damages from Apple. The world-renowned mobile phone manufacturer appealed to the Supreme Court, arguing that the damages should be recalculated because the specific patents VirnetX accused it of infringing with FaceTime were nearly wiped out. Also Read: Top US court rejects Samsung's appeal on patent loss to Apple In a court filing, Apple called the Federal Circuit's opposition to indulge its demands "legally wrong and grossly unfair." The company also stated that lower courts unlawfully granted requests from VirnetX and granted them compensation for damages far beyond the value of the patented invention. VirnetX issued a statement saying that "The entire damages award ... remains supported by claims that a jury - and the Federal Circuit - found valid years ago and that have not been cancelled since."

Apple appeals rejected by US Supreme Court in legal battle with VirnetX

February 21 in History: NASCAR is founded, The Communist Manifesto published, and more!

Today in history: Thomas Edison patents phonograph, Supreme Privy Council in Russia, and more!

January 28 in history: Canada SC strikes down all anti-abortion laws, Lego designs patented and more

An American business advocacy group has asked US Trade Representative to continue to place India on its priority watch list, alleging that there is strong evidence that New Delhi has not made sufficient efforts to protect Intellectual Property Rights holders&#39; interests.

 
While the Government of India made some noteworthy improvements to the overall IP environment in 2017, the Alliance for Fair Trade with India (AFTI) said New Delhi did not address numerous critical and longstanding shortcomings to its IPR regime.

 
These critical shortcomings include costly and time-consuming patent opposition hurdles for patent applicants, and long timelines for receiving patents; and lack an effective system for protecting data generated to obtain marketing approval for pharmaceutical and agricultural chemical products, it said.

 
&quot;There is strong evidence that India has not made sufficient efforts to emerge from its current status under the Priority Watch List, or to protect adequately IPR holders&#39; interests with respect to patents, copyright, and trade secrets,&quot; it said in its submission to the USTR on the latter&rsquo;s Special 301 review.

 
The Special 301 Report is prepared annually by the Office of the United States Trade Representative (USTR) which identifies trade barriers to US companies and products due to the intellectual property laws, such as copyright, patents and trademarks, in other countries.

 
&quot;AFTI requests that USTR once again place India on its Priority Watch List, where it has been placed &ndash; except for the few years it was listed as a Priority Foreign Country &ndash; since the first Special 301 Report in 1989,&quot;it said. 
AFTI members saw several new actions over the past year that created significant new IP challenges, it said.

 
These include troublesome steps related to Section 8 of the Patent Law, new court rulings related to &quot;patent working&quot;, and a stronger push by India in international forums to weaken strong international rules for IPR protection, AFTI said.

 
The AFTI alleged that forced localisation continues to be a chronic issue facing US IPR holders in India.

 
&quot;The Modi administration has not taken meaningful action to revise protectionist forced localisation policies clearly aimed at favouring domestic IP holders at the expense of goods, services, and IP from other countries,&quot; it said. 
&quot;In addition, his &#39;Make in India&#39; campaign has given some additional fodder to those who wish to promote local IPR and local manufacturing at the expense of US companies and products,&quot; the AFTI said.

Alliance for Fair Trade with India said New Delhi did not address numerous critical and longstanding shortcomings to its IPR regime

An American business advocacy group has asked US Trade Representative to continue to place India on its priority watch list, alleging that there is strong evidence that New Delhi has not made sufficient efforts to protect Intellectual Property Rights holders' interests. While the Government of India made some noteworthy improvements to the overall IP environment in 2017, the Alliance for Fair Trade with India (AFTI) said New Delhi did not address numerous critical and longstanding shortcomings to its IPR regime. These critical shortcomings include costly and time-consuming patent opposition hurdles for patent applicants, and long timelines for receiving patents; and lack an effective system for protecting data generated to obtain marketing approval for pharmaceutical and agricultural chemical products, it said. "There is strong evidence that India has not made sufficient efforts to emerge from its current status under the Priority Watch List, or to protect adequately IPR holders' interests with respect to patents, copyright, and trade secrets," it said in its submission to the USTR on the latter’s Special 301 review. The Special 301 Report is prepared annually by the Office of the United States Trade Representative (USTR) which identifies trade barriers to US companies and products due to the intellectual property laws, such as copyright, patents and trademarks, in other countries. "AFTI requests that USTR once again place India on its Priority Watch List, where it has been placed – except for the few years it was listed as a Priority Foreign Country – since the first Special 301 Report in 1989,"it said. AFTI members saw several new actions over the past year that created significant new IP challenges, it said. These include troublesome steps related to Section 8 of the Patent Law, new court rulings related to "patent working", and a stronger push by India in international forums to weaken strong international rules for IPR protection, AFTI said. The AFTI alleged that forced localisation continues to be a chronic issue facing US IPR holders in India. "The Modi administration has not taken meaningful action to revise protectionist forced localisation policies clearly aimed at favouring domestic IP holders at the expense of goods, services, and IP from other countries," it said. "In addition, his 'Make in India' campaign has given some additional fodder to those who wish to promote local IPR and local manufacturing at the expense of US companies and products," the AFTI said.

India hasn't made enough efforts to protect IPR holders' interests: US trade body

Global patent filings hit record highs last year, with China leading the charge, receiving more patent applications than the United States, Japan, South Korea and the EU combined, the UN said on Wednesday.

Some 3.1 million patent applications were filed worldwide last year, rising for the seventh straight year and marking an 8.3-percent hike from 2015, the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) said. &quot;These numbers are really quite extraordinary&quot;, WIPO chief Francis Gurry told reporters in Geneva.

China received about 236,600 of the nearly 240,600 additional patent filings, accounting for a full 98 percent of the growth, the UN agency said.&nbsp;&quot;The latest figures charting a rise in demand for intellectual property rights confirms a decade-long trend, where developments in China increasingly leave their mark on the worldwide totals,&quot; Gurry said.

She further added, &quot;China is increasingly amongst the leaders in global innovation and branding&quot;.&nbsp;Overall, China&#39;s State Intellectual Property Office received a record total of 1.3 million patent applications last year. In the second place, the US Patent and Trademark Office trailed far behind at 605,571, followed by Japan with 318,381.&nbsp;

When it comes to patent filings abroad meanwhile, US residents clearly topped the list, filing 215,918 applications in other countries, followed by Japan, Germany, and South Korea.&nbsp;US foreign filings were more than four times as many as the 51,522 filed by Chinese citizens abroad, WIPO said.

&quot;This is just a reflection I think of the stage of growth of the Chinese economy and its orientation,&quot; Gurry said, telling AFP he expected the numbers of Chinese foreign filings to explode going forward and continue to push up global patent applications.

China was also behind ballooning numbers of global trademark and industrial design applications last year, WIPO found.&nbsp;Trademark filings swelled 16.4 percent from the year before to around seven million, and have increased three-fold since 2001, &quot;reflecting the importance of protecting branding assets in today&rsquo;s business environment,&quot; Gurry said.

With 3.7 million registrations, China accounted for more than half of last year&#39;s trademark filings.

Industrial design applications meanwhile grew by 10.4 per cent last year to nearly one million applications, containing 1.2 million designs- more than half of which were listed in China.&nbsp;

&nbsp;

According to UN, China hits record high last year in global patent filings with receiving more patent application than the US, Japan, South Korea, and the EU combined

Global patent filings hit record highs last year, with China leading the charge, receiving more patent applications than the United States, Japan, South Korea and the EU combined, the UN said on Wednesday. Some 3.1 million patent applications were filed worldwide last year, rising for the seventh straight year and marking an 8.3-percent hike from 2015, the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) said. "These numbers are really quite extraordinary", WIPO chief Francis Gurry told reporters in Geneva. China received about 236,600 of the nearly 240,600 additional patent filings, accounting for a full 98 percent of the growth, the UN agency said. "The latest figures charting a rise in demand for intellectual property rights confirms a decade-long trend, where developments in China increasingly leave their mark on the worldwide totals," Gurry said. She further added, "China is increasingly amongst the leaders in global innovation and branding". Overall, China's State Intellectual Property Office received a record total of 1.3 million patent applications last year. In the second place, the US Patent and Trademark Office trailed far behind at 605,571, followed by Japan with 318,381. When it comes to patent filings abroad meanwhile, US residents clearly topped the list, filing 215,918 applications in other countries, followed by Japan, Germany, and South Korea. US foreign filings were more than four times as many as the 51,522 filed by Chinese citizens abroad, WIPO said. "This is just a reflection I think of the stage of growth of the Chinese economy and its orientation," Gurry said, telling AFP he expected the numbers of Chinese foreign filings to explode going forward and continue to push up global patent applications. China was also behind ballooning numbers of global trademark and industrial design applications last year, WIPO found. Trademark filings swelled 16.4 percent from the year before to around seven million, and have increased three-fold since 2001, "reflecting the importance of protecting branding assets in today’s business environment," Gurry said. With 3.7 million registrations, China accounted for more than half of last year's trademark filings. Industrial design applications meanwhile grew by 10.4 per cent last year to nearly one million applications, containing 1.2 million designs- more than half of which were listed in China.

China pushed global patent filings to record high in 2016: UN

&nbsp;Tech giant Samsung Electronics Co Ltd said on Friday it sued Huawei Technologies Co Ltd for patent infringements through multiple courts in China, escalating a legal conflict between the smartphone rivals. 
 
The suits mark the latest salvo in a fight between the world&#39;s Number one and Number three smartphone makers, who compete fiercely across the world in an industry that researcher IHS says is worth $332 billion this year. 
 
The South Korean firm sued Huawei in a Beijing court about two weeks ago for allegedly infringing six of its patents, a spokeswoman said. She did not elaborate on the types of patents or the other Chinese courts involved. 
 
&quot;Despite our best efforts to resolve this matter amicably, it has regrettably become necessary to take legal action in order to defend our intellectual property,&quot; Samsung told Reuters in a statement. 
 
Shenzhen-based Huawei Technologies - also one of the world&#39;s largest telecom equipment manufacturers - said in a statement it had not received a &quot;formal complaint&quot; but would defend itself as necessary. 
 
&quot;In the absence of a negotiated settlement, litigation is often an efficient way to resolve&quot; intellectual property rights disputes, it said. 
 
Huawei sued Samsung in the United States and China in May, accusing its rival of infringement on patents for fourth-generation (4G) cellular communications technology, operating systems and user interface software. 
 
Chinese technology companies have often been on the receiving end of such lawsuits, so Huawei&#39;s US litigation marked something of a reversal of roles, reflecting its growing clout in the global telecommunications and smartphone markets. 
 
CIMB analyst Lee Do-hoon said neither company was likely to be motivated by monetary compensation from the legal battle. 
 
Huawei could be angling to boost its reputation by taking on the top smartphone player, he said, while Samsung&#39;s suit might be a manoeuvre to force Huawei to settle its claims as soon as possible. 
 
&quot;If you look at the patent battle with Apple and Samsung ... it ultimately created a lot of benefits for Samsung in a kind of an advertisement,&quot; he said. 
 
&quot;Huawei might also be trying to create some noise marketing for itself,&quot; he said, adding he expected the two firms to eventually reach a deal such as a cross-licensing agreement. 
 
Huawei became the first Chinese handset vendor to ship more than 100 million smartphones in a year in 2015 when a 44 per cent jump in its shipments defied a market slowdown. 
 
(Reuters)

Huawei, one of the world's largest telecom equipment manufacturers, said it did not receive any formal complaint

Tech giant Samsung Electronics Co Ltd said on Friday it sued Huawei Technologies Co Ltd for patent infringements through multiple courts in China, escalating a legal conflict between the smartphone rivals. The suits mark the latest salvo in a fight between the world's Number one and Number three smartphone makers, who compete fiercely across the world in an industry that researcher IHS says is worth $332 billion this year. The South Korean firm sued Huawei in a Beijing court about two weeks ago for allegedly infringing six of its patents, a spokeswoman said. She did not elaborate on the types of patents or the other Chinese courts involved. "Despite our best efforts to resolve this matter amicably, it has regrettably become necessary to take legal action in order to defend our intellectual property," Samsung told Reuters in a statement. Shenzhen-based Huawei Technologies - also one of the world's largest telecom equipment manufacturers - said in a statement it had not received a "formal complaint" but would defend itself as necessary. "In the absence of a negotiated settlement, litigation is often an efficient way to resolve" intellectual property rights disputes, it said. Huawei sued Samsung in the United States and China in May, accusing its rival of infringement on patents for fourth-generation (4G) cellular communications technology, operating systems and user interface software. Chinese technology companies have often been on the receiving end of such lawsuits, so Huawei's US litigation marked something of a reversal of roles, reflecting its growing clout in the global telecommunications and smartphone markets. CIMB analyst Lee Do-hoon said neither company was likely to be motivated by monetary compensation from the legal battle. Huawei could be angling to boost its reputation by taking on the top smartphone player, he said, while Samsung's suit might be a manoeuvre to force Huawei to settle its claims as soon as possible. "If you look at the patent battle with Apple and Samsung ... it ultimately created a lot of benefits for Samsung in a kind of an advertisement," he said. "Huawei might also be trying to create some noise marketing for itself," he said, adding he expected the two firms to eventually reach a deal such as a cross-licensing agreement. Huawei became the first Chinese handset vendor to ship more than 100 million smartphones in a year in 2015 when a 44 per cent jump in its shipments defied a market slowdown. (Reuters)

Samsung summons China's Huawei for patent infringements

Software maker Microsoft Corp &lt;MSFT.O&gt; is selling about 1,500 of its patents to Chinese device maker Xiaomi [XTC.UL], a rare departure for the U.S. company and part of what the two companies say is the start of a long-term partnership.

The deal, announced on Wednesday includes a patent cross-licensing arrangement and a commitment by Xiaomi to install copies of Microsoft software, including Office and Skype, on its phones and tablets.

Both companies declined to disclose the&nbsp;financial terms of the deal.

&quot;This is a very big collaboration agreement between the two companies,&quot; said Wang Xiang, senior vice president at Xiaomi in a telephonic conversation to Reuters.

Analysts said Xiaomi&#39;s ambitions to be a major player outside China were hampered by weak patent protection and a fear of a prolonged legal battle.

&quot;This deal might just give them enough of a patent trove to move to Western markets,&quot; said Sameer Singh, a UK-based analyst. 
&nbsp;He further added that their position in China has been under constant attack from even lower-end Android vendors, so moving overseas is now a necessity.

Shipments of Xiaomi phones fell 9 percent year-on-year in China in the first quarter, according to Strategy Analytics, and its market share dipped to 12 percent from 13 percent, squeezed not only by Huawei [HWT.UL] and Samsung Electronics &lt;005930.KS&gt; but also smaller contenders including Oppo and Vivo.

Wang said the acquisition of Microsoft patents, which included voice communications, multimedia and cloud computing, on top of some 3,700 patents the Chinese company filed last year, were &quot;an important step forwards to support our expansion internationally.&quot;

Xiaomi launched its first U.S. device earlier this month, a TV set-top box it developed in cooperation with Alphabet Inc&#39;s &lt;GOOGL.O&gt; Google, which owns the Android operating system it and most Xiaomi devices run on. Xiaomi has also launched a tablet which runs a version of Microsoft&#39;s Windows operating system.

Jonathan Tinter, corporate vice president at Microsoft, said the company was keen to tap into Xiaomi&#39;s young, affluent and educated users by having its products pre-installed on their devices. He declined to go into detail about the patent deals, but said the overall deal was something &quot;we do only with a few strategic partners.&quot;

Microsoft has cut licensing deals with many Android device makers over the years, but has had less luck with Chinese manufacturers.

Florian Mueller, a patents expert who consulted for Microsoft in the past, said it was rare for Microsoft to actually sell its patents, adding &quot;it&#39;s possible Microsoft found it easier to impose its Android patent tax on Xiaomi as part of a broader deal that also involved a transfer of patents.&quot;

Software maker Microsoft Corp is selling about 1,500 of its patents to Chinese device maker Xiaomi [XTC.UL]

Software maker Microsoft Corp <MSFT.O> is selling about 1,500 of its patents to Chinese device maker Xiaomi [XTC.UL], a rare departure for the U.S. company and part of what the two companies say is the start of a long-term partnership. The deal, announced on Wednesday includes a patent cross-licensing arrangement and a commitment by Xiaomi to install copies of Microsoft software, including Office and Skype, on its phones and tablets. Both companies declined to disclose the financial terms of the deal. "This is a very big collaboration agreement between the two companies," said Wang Xiang, senior vice president at Xiaomi in a telephonic conversation to Reuters. Analysts said Xiaomi's ambitions to be a major player outside China were hampered by weak patent protection and a fear of a prolonged legal battle. "This deal might just give them enough of a patent trove to move to Western markets," said Sameer Singh, a UK-based analyst. He further added that their position in China has been under constant attack from even lower-end Android vendors, so moving overseas is now a necessity. Shipments of Xiaomi phones fell 9 percent year-on-year in China in the first quarter, according to Strategy Analytics, and its market share dipped to 12 percent from 13 percent, squeezed not only by Huawei [HWT.UL] and Samsung Electronics <005930.KS> but also smaller contenders including Oppo and Vivo. Wang said the acquisition of Microsoft patents, which included voice communications, multimedia and cloud computing, on top of some 3,700 patents the Chinese company filed last year, were "an important step forwards to support our expansion internationally." Xiaomi launched its first U.S. device earlier this month, a TV set-top box it developed in cooperation with Alphabet Inc's <GOOGL.O> Google, which owns the Android operating system it and most Xiaomi devices run on. Xiaomi has also launched a tablet which runs a version of Microsoft's Windows operating system. Jonathan Tinter, corporate vice president at Microsoft, said the company was keen to tap into Xiaomi's young, affluent and educated users by having its products pre-installed on their devices. He declined to go into detail about the patent deals, but said the overall deal was something "we do only with a few strategic partners." Microsoft has cut licensing deals with many Android device makers over the years, but has had less luck with Chinese manufacturers. Florian Mueller, a patents expert who consulted for Microsoft in the past, said it was rare for Microsoft to actually sell its patents, adding "it's possible Microsoft found it easier to impose its Android patent tax on Xiaomi as part of a broader deal that also involved a transfer of patents."

Microsoft sells 1500 patents to Xiaomi, builds partnership

patents

Patents, News on Patents, stories on Patents, articles on Patents, Patents stories at Wion, Patents news, Patents latest news