<p>The first baby was created in the United Kingdom from the DNA of three people using a pioneering IVF procedure. The baby was developed using the process called mitochondrial donation treatment (MDT) in which the nucleus is taken from one of the eggs of the mother, which contains her DNA and is implanted into a donor egg. The donor egg's nuclei are removed but its healthy mitochondrial DNA is retained.&nbsp;</p>

<p>The process involves the creation of IVF embryos which are free from harmful mutations that are carried by their mothers and are likely to be passed onto their children. Unlike normal DNA, &nbsp;which contains the genetic information that helps in creating normal humans, mitochondrial DNA contains power for the cell. Researchers have drawn a comparison between the mitochondrial DNA and a battery.</p>

<p>Various scientists insist that the term “three-parent baby” is not accurate because more than 98.8 per cent of the child's DNA still comes from two people.</p>

<p>A green light was given by the UK parliament to the procedure in 2015 and requests for its use were&nbsp;considered by the regulatory body called the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority (HFEA).&nbsp;</p>

<p><strong>ALSO READ |</strong> <a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/sars-cov-2-virus-can-alter-our-dna-lead-to-long-covid-study-575438">SARS-CoV-2 virus can alter our DNA, lead to long Covid: Study</a></p>

<p>The first “three-parent child” of Britain was found in a Freedom of Information request made to the HFEA. As per reports, the clinic said that few babies have been born using MDT in the UK.&nbsp;</p>

<p>The details of the babies who have been created using the MDT programme are not released by doctors amid concerns that the confidentiality of the patient can be compromised through specific information. &nbsp;</p>

<p>The HFEA has stated that "less than five" babies were born as of 20 April 2023 using the technology. However, HFEA refused to provide precise numbers to protect the identities of the families. The details were published by The Guardian.&nbsp;</p>

<p>"News that a small number of babies with donated mitochondria have now been born in the UK is the next step, in what will probably remain a slow and cautious process of assessing and refining mitochondrial donation," stated Sarah Norcross, the director of the Progress Educational Trust.</p>

<p><strong>WATCH | India among top five countries with highest rate of pre-term births: Report</strong></p>

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<p>Meanwhile, Francis Crick Research Institute's Prof Robin Lovell-Badge said, "It will be interesting to know how well the mitochondrial replacement therapy technique worked at a practical level, whether the babies are free of mitochondrial disease, and whether there is any risk of them developing problems later in life."</p>

<p>Britain is not the first nation where children have been born through MDT. In 2016, the same procedure was used for a child who was created in Mexico.&nbsp;</p>

<p>You can&nbsp;<strong>now write for wionews.com</strong>&nbsp;and be a part of the community. Share your stories and opinions with us&nbsp;<strong><a href="https://www.wionews.com/content-contribution-registration-form">here</a>.</strong></p>

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The first baby was created in the United Kingdom from the DNA of three people using a pioneering IVF procedure. The baby was developed using the process called mitochondrial donation treatment (MDT) in which the nucleus is taken from one of the eggs of the mother, which contains her DNA and is implanted into a donor egg.

The first baby was created in the United Kingdom from the DNA of three people using a pioneering IVF procedure. The baby was developed using the process called mitochondrial donation treatment (MDT) in which the nucleus is taken from one of the eggs of the mother, which contains her DNA and is implanted into a donor egg. The donor egg's nuclei are removed but its healthy mitochondrial DNA is retained. The process involves the creation of IVF embryos which are free from harmful mutations that are carried by their mothers and are likely to be passed onto their children. Unlike normal DNA, which contains the genetic information that helps in creating normal humans, mitochondrial DNA contains power for the cell. Researchers have drawn a comparison between the mitochondrial DNA and a battery. Various scientists insist that the term “three-parent baby” is not accurate because more than 98.8 per cent of the child's DNA still comes from two people. A green light was given by the UK parliament to the procedure in 2015 and requests for its use were considered by the regulatory body called the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority (HFEA). ALSO READ | SARS-CoV-2 virus can alter our DNA, lead to long Covid: Study The first “three-parent child” of Britain was found in a Freedom of Information request made to the HFEA. As per reports, the clinic said that few babies have been born using MDT in the UK. The details of the babies who have been created using the MDT programme are not released by doctors amid concerns that the confidentiality of the patient can be compromised through specific information. The HFEA has stated that "less than five" babies were born as of 20 April 2023 using the technology. However, HFEA refused to provide precise numbers to protect the identities of the families. The details were published by The Guardian. "News that a small number of babies with donated mitochondria have now been born in the UK is the next step, in what will probably remain a slow and cautious process of assessing and refining mitochondrial donation," stated Sarah Norcross, the director of the Progress Educational Trust. WATCH | India among top five countries with highest rate of pre-term births: Report Meanwhile, Francis Crick Research Institute's Prof Robin Lovell-Badge said, "It will be interesting to know how well the mitochondrial replacement therapy technique worked at a practical level, whether the babies are free of mitochondrial disease, and whether there is any risk of them developing problems later in life." Britain is not the first nation where children have been born through MDT. In 2016, the same procedure was used for a child who was created in Mexico. You can now write for wionews.com and be a part of the community. Share your stories and opinions with us here. WATCH WION LIVE HERE

First UK baby with DNA from three people born through IVF

Here, we bring you the news that is trending across WION's social media platforms - IVF Miracle: First baby born with the DNA of three people in UK.

IVF Miracle: First baby born with the DNA of three people

China’s population is now abating. The country that used to be the world's most populous, is now trying to augment its declining population. China aims to slow its demographic decline. China's Chengdu has made it permissible for unmarried mothers to register their children. China is considering implementing this move nationwide.

China considering giving single women IVF access to stem population decline

<p>China is mulling to liberalise in-vitro fertility (IVF) treatment facility nationwide as it seeks to reverse the demographic decline.</p>

<p>According to local media reports, the authorities in Beijing might allow unmarried and single women to freeze their eggs and obtain IVF treatment. Apart from that, they will be allowed to avail paid maternity leaves and receive child subsidies previously only available to married couples.</p>

<p>Though these recommendations were proposed in March, Chinese leaders are yet to comment publicly on the recommendations.</p>

<p>According to Reuters, these services are already available to unmarried women in Shanghai and the southern Guangdong province, but IVF for single women remain banned.</p>

<p>“If China changes their policy to allow single women to have children, this can result in an increase of IVF demand," Yve Lyppens, director of business development for Asia Pacific at INVO Bioscience, told Reuters news agency.</p>

<p>His firm has been awaiting regulatory approval to launch its IVF technology in China after signing a distribution agreement with Guangzhou-based Onesky Holdings last year.</p>

<p>"However, if there is a sudden increase, China will have an even larger capacity issue," he was quoted as saying.</p>

<p>Among the many reasons attributed to the fall in birth rate is the high costs of education and child-rearing.</p>

<h2><strong>China’s shrinking population and constraints on its future power</strong></h2>

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<p>In the past, China's National Health Commission (NHC) noted that many young women are delaying marriage plans or having children late due to these reasons, indicating that it has significantly contributed to declining marriage rates.</p>

<p>According to government estimates, China has 539 public and private IVF facilities, and the NHC has said it aims to set up one facility for every 2.3 million people by 2025, which would take the total above 600.</p>

<p>Both public and private, provide about 1 million rounds of IVF treatment - or cycles - annually, compared with 1.5 million in the rest of the world, according to academic journals and industry experts.</p>

<p>The price for a cycle - which involves medication for ovarian stimulation, egg collection, insemination in a laboratory and embryo transfer - is regulated in China. It ranges between $3,500 and $4,500, about a quarter of US prices, according to Reuters.</p>

<p><strong>Also read |</strong>&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/chinese-rover-finds-traces-of-recent-water-activity-on-mars-587230">Chinese rover finds traces of recent water activity on Mars</a></p>

<p>Chen, a divorced 33-year-old who lives in Chengdu and is 10 weeks pregnant, said there are a lot of single women who want to get IVF treatment legally in private clinics.</p>

<p>"Becoming a single parent is not for everyone, but I'm happy with the decision," said Chen, who works in logistics and lives in Chengdu, the capital of the southwestern Sichuan province, which legalised registration of children by unmarried women in February.</p>

<p>"Equally, getting married or not is for each individual to decide. We have liberalised the policies here and I know a lot of single women are doing IVF," she was quoted as saying.</p>

<p>(With inputs from agencies)</p>

<p><strong>WATCH WION LIVE HERE</strong></p>

<p><iframe allow="accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="350" src="https://www.wionews.com/live-tv/embed?autoplay=1&amp;mute=1" width="100%"></iframe></p>


China is mulling to liberalise in-vitro fertility (IVF) treatment facility nationwide as it seeks to reverse the demographic decline. According to local media reports, the authorities in Beijing might allow unmarried and single women to freeze their eggs and obtain IVF treatment.

China is mulling to liberalise in-vitro fertility (IVF) treatment facility nationwide as it seeks to reverse the demographic decline. According to local media reports, the authorities in Beijing might allow unmarried and single women to freeze their eggs and obtain IVF treatment. Apart from that, they will be allowed to avail paid maternity leaves and receive child subsidies previously only available to married couples. Though these recommendations were proposed in March, Chinese leaders are yet to comment publicly on the recommendations. According to Reuters, these services are already available to unmarried women in Shanghai and the southern Guangdong province, but IVF for single women remain banned. “If China changes their policy to allow single women to have children, this can result in an increase of IVF demand," Yve Lyppens, director of business development for Asia Pacific at INVO Bioscience, told Reuters news agency. His firm has been awaiting regulatory approval to launch its IVF technology in China after signing a distribution agreement with Guangzhou-based Onesky Holdings last year. "However, if there is a sudden increase, China will have an even larger capacity issue," he was quoted as saying. Among the many reasons attributed to the fall in birth rate is the high costs of education and child-rearing. China’s shrinking population and constraints on its future power In the past, China's National Health Commission (NHC) noted that many young women are delaying marriage plans or having children late due to these reasons, indicating that it has significantly contributed to declining marriage rates. According to government estimates, China has 539 public and private IVF facilities, and the NHC has said it aims to set up one facility for every 2.3 million people by 2025, which would take the total above 600. Both public and private, provide about 1 million rounds of IVF treatment - or cycles - annually, compared with 1.5 million in the rest of the world, according to academic journals and industry experts. The price for a cycle - which involves medication for ovarian stimulation, egg collection, insemination in a laboratory and embryo transfer - is regulated in China. It ranges between $3,500 and $4,500, about a quarter of US prices, according to Reuters. Also read | Chinese rover finds traces of recent water activity on Mars Chen, a divorced 33-year-old who lives in Chengdu and is 10 weeks pregnant, said there are a lot of single women who want to get IVF treatment legally in private clinics. "Becoming a single parent is not for everyone, but I'm happy with the decision," said Chen, who works in logistics and lives in Chengdu, the capital of the southwestern Sichuan province, which legalised registration of children by unmarried women in February. "Equally, getting married or not is for each individual to decide. We have liberalised the policies here and I know a lot of single women are doing IVF," she was quoted as saying. (With inputs from agencies) WATCH WION LIVE HERE

China looking to liberalise IVF facility for single women to reverse population decline

<p>Australian people conceived through donor sperm or egg may soon have greater access to their genetic history. The Queensland government, as per a Guardian report, has accepted a new set of recommendations in this regard. The recommendations were presented in response to a parliamentary inquiry on the issue and the government has given its in-principal support, the paper reported. Under this, the so-called donor-conceived children, once they attain the age of 18, will legally be provided with the right to know the identity of the donor and their genetic siblings, if any.</p>

<p>For this to work, as per the government, Queensland will have to establish a central donor conception register. This will probably involve developing IT systems and digitising historical records.</p>

<p><strong>Watch |&nbsp;Gravitas: America finally wakes up to TikTok threat</strong></p>

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<p>"Further consideration is required regarding the implementation, funding and resourcing implications to establish and maintain a register," said the government."</p>

<p>Currently, Queensland does not have legislation to regulate donor conception practices, assisted reproductive technology services, or access to donor conception information.</p>

<p><strong>Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/china-says-us-overreacting-by-banning-tiktok-on-federal-devices-566857">China says US 'overreacting' by banning TikTok on federal devices</a></strong></p>

<p>As per Shannon Fentiman, the state's attorney general, this access will enhance people's well-being and allow them to manage their health more appropriately.</p>

<p>"Conception using donated sperm, eggs or embryos has given countless Queensland couples and individuals the precious gift of starting or extending a family," she said.</p>

<p>"We must not lose sight of the unique needs of those who have been conceived through this process."</p>

<p><strong>Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/joe-biden-on-way-to-become-the-most-evasive-president-in-us-history-report-566880">Joe Biden on his way to becoming the most evasive president in US history: Report</a></strong></p>

<p>The changes, as per Donor Conceived Australia’s national director, Aimee Shackleton, are a result of 30 years of advocacy.</p>

<p>"Queensland donor-conceived people have the same rights to their medical and family history as any other Australian, including the option for facilitated contact with donors and siblings, with the consent of both parties," Shackleton said.</p>

<p><em>(With inputs from agencies)</em></p>

<p><strong>WATCH WION LIVE HERE</strong></p>

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<p>You can <strong>now write for wionews.com</strong> and be a part of the community. Share your stories and opinions with us <strong><a href="https://www.wionews.com/content-contribution-registration-form">here</a>.</strong></p>


Australian people conceived through donor sperm or egg may soon have greater access to their genetic history. The Queensland government, as per a Guardian report, has accepted a new set of recommendations in this regard.

Australian people conceived through donor sperm or egg may soon have greater access to their genetic history. The Queensland government, as per a Guardian report, has accepted a new set of recommendations in this regard. The recommendations were presented in response to a parliamentary inquiry on the issue and the government has given its in-principal support, the paper reported. Under this, the so-called donor-conceived children, once they attain the age of 18, will legally be provided with the right to know the identity of the donor and their genetic siblings, if any. For this to work, as per the government, Queensland will have to establish a central donor conception register. This will probably involve developing IT systems and digitising historical records. Watch | Gravitas: America finally wakes up to TikTok threat "Further consideration is required regarding the implementation, funding and resourcing implications to establish and maintain a register," said the government." Currently, Queensland does not have legislation to regulate donor conception practices, assisted reproductive technology services, or access to donor conception information. Also read | China says US 'overreacting' by banning TikTok on federal devices As per Shannon Fentiman, the state's attorney general, this access will enhance people's well-being and allow them to manage their health more appropriately. "Conception using donated sperm, eggs or embryos has given countless Queensland couples and individuals the precious gift of starting or extending a family," she said. "We must not lose sight of the unique needs of those who have been conceived through this process." Also read | Joe Biden on his way to becoming the most evasive president in US history: Report The changes, as per Donor Conceived Australia’s national director, Aimee Shackleton, are a result of 30 years of advocacy. "Queensland donor-conceived people have the same rights to their medical and family history as any other Australian, including the option for facilitated contact with donors and siblings, with the consent of both parties," Shackleton said. (With inputs from agencies) WATCH WION LIVE HERE You can now write for wionews.com and be a part of the community. Share your stories and opinions with us here.

Queensland to allow children born of donated sperm or eggs to know their genetic history

<p>Science has progressed leaps and bounds; for couples and even singles who are looking to have children, there are a variety of methods available. One of these is sperm banks. These banks serve as a boon for many who are unable to have children by "natural means". The best thing about these so-called "sperm banks" is that prospective parents can choose from legitimate, verified donors with ease. But what if the donor lied?</p>

<p>In a surprising case from Australia, parents of multiple children were taken aback by the remarkable similarity of their children's looks. The parents, who were members of Australia's LGBTQI + community, were gathered for a community barbeque event. They soon&nbsp;discovered that the children&nbsp;—&nbsp;60 in total — have all been fathered by the same sperm donor.&nbsp;</p>

<p>The as-of-yet unnamed donor used fake aliases to donate sperm to multiple sperm banks and also through other "unofficial or informal means".</p>

<p><strong>Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/human-experience-longer-sleep-in-winter-than-summer-says-study-563206">Humans not lazy in winter, need longer sleep than in summer, reveals new study</a></strong></p>

<p>As per Dr Anne Clark of IVF clinic Fertility First, "the reason he was discovered is because he wasn't fully Caucasian."</p>

<p>In Australia where it is illegal to pay or give gifts to obtain any human tissue (including sperm), the donor via Facebook groups and other informal means got gifts and holidays, says Dr Clark, calling this "a complete criminal offence".</p>

<p>The case has brought to light these informal donations, which according to Daily Mail are booming. As per the report, these online forums have been "springing up" offering to connect desperate wannabe parents with willing donors."</p>

<p>On two such Facebook pages named 'Sperm Donation Australia' and 'Australian Backpackers Seeking Sperm Donation', posts asking for or offering donations are aplenty.&nbsp;</p>

<p><strong>Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/scientists-discover-bond-villain-dna-possible-game-changer-for-cancer-treatment-563525">Scientists discover ‘Bond villain’ DNA, say it is ‘game changer’ for cancer treatment</a></strong></p>

<p>These range from Artificial Insemination to "natural means". Many donors are backpackers visiting the country for a few days or weeks, with the donation happening in deserted parking lots and in cars.</p>

<p>Aimee Shackleton, national director of Donor Conceived Australia, says there is "little regard for the effects such a decision would have on the child."</p>

<p>She adds that "people talk about meeting up in a car park or hotel and passing over a fresh sample for immediate use."</p>

<p>In her opinion, "our life ought to begin with dignity, and not as a process of some unregulated anonymous transaction."</p>

<p><em>(With inputs from agencies)</em></p>

<p><strong>WATCH WION LIVE HERE</strong></p>

<p><iframe allow="accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="350" loading="”lazy”" src="https://www.wionews.com/live-tv/embed?autoplay=1&amp;mute=1" width="100%"></iframe></p>

<p>You can <strong>now write for wionews.com</strong> and be a part of the community. Share your stories and opinions with us <strong><a href="https://www.wionews.com/content-contribution-registration-form">here</a>.</strong></p>


Science has progressed leaps and bounds; for couples and even singles who are looking to have children, there are a variety of methods available. One of these is sperm banks.

Science has progressed leaps and bounds; for couples and even singles who are looking to have children, there are a variety of methods available. One of these is sperm banks. These banks serve as a boon for many who are unable to have children by "natural means". The best thing about these so-called "sperm banks" is that prospective parents can choose from legitimate, verified donors with ease. But what if the donor lied? In a surprising case from Australia, parents of multiple children were taken aback by the remarkable similarity of their children's looks. The parents, who were members of Australia's LGBTQI + community, were gathered for a community barbeque event. They soon discovered that the children — 60 in total — have all been fathered by the same sperm donor. The as-of-yet unnamed donor used fake aliases to donate sperm to multiple sperm banks and also through other "unofficial or informal means". Also read | Humans not lazy in winter, need longer sleep than in summer, reveals new study As per Dr Anne Clark of IVF clinic Fertility First, "the reason he was discovered is because he wasn't fully Caucasian." In Australia where it is illegal to pay or give gifts to obtain any human tissue (including sperm), the donor via Facebook groups and other informal means got gifts and holidays, says Dr Clark, calling this "a complete criminal offence". The case has brought to light these informal donations, which according to Daily Mail are booming. As per the report, these online forums have been "springing up" offering to connect desperate wannabe parents with willing donors." On two such Facebook pages named 'Sperm Donation Australia' and 'Australian Backpackers Seeking Sperm Donation', posts asking for or offering donations are aplenty. Also read | Scientists discover ‘Bond villain’ DNA, say it is ‘game changer’ for cancer treatment These range from Artificial Insemination to "natural means". Many donors are backpackers visiting the country for a few days or weeks, with the donation happening in deserted parking lots and in cars. Aimee Shackleton, national director of Donor Conceived Australia, says there is "little regard for the effects such a decision would have on the child." She adds that "people talk about meeting up in a car park or hotel and passing over a fresh sample for immediate use." In her opinion, "our life ought to begin with dignity, and not as a process of some unregulated anonymous transaction." (With inputs from agencies) WATCH WION LIVE HERE You can now write for wionews.com and be a part of the community. Share your stories and opinions with us here.

Australian man uses fake names to donate sperm in exchange for gifts, holidays; fathers 60 children

In a recent interview, actress Jennifer Aniston revealed that she was trying to get pregnant many years back and underwent in-vitro fertilisation Priyanka Sharma brings you the details

WION Fineprint | 'Friends' actor opens up about infertility

<p>A year after losing her son Jack during a pregnancy loss, Chrissy Teigen is ready to expand her family with another child.&nbsp;<br />
<br />
The cookbook author revealed that she's undergoing IVF treatments in the hopes of having another child with her husband John Legend.<br />
&nbsp;<br />
Taking to her Instagram handle, Teigen wrote, “Hiiii. I posted about it in my stories, but I wanted to let you guys know I’m balls deep in another IVF cycle to save as many eggos as I possibly can and hopefully make some strong, healthy embryos,”</p>

<p><a href="https://www.wionews.com/entertainment/hollywood/news-director-james-gunn--peacemaker-star-jennifer-holland-are-engaged-454943" hreflang="en">Director James Gunn &amp; 'Peacemaker' star Jennifer Holland are engaged!</a><br />
<br />
''I honestly don’t mind the shots…they make me feel like a doctor/chemist…but the bloating is a b****h, so I humbly beg you to stop asking if I’m pregnant because while I know it’s said with excited, good intentions, it just kind of sucks to hear because I am the opposite of pregnant! But also like please stop asking people, anyone, if they’re pregnant. I said this in the comments and got yelled at because the internet is wild but I’d rather be the one to tell you and not some poor woman who will look you in the eyes through tears and that’s how you finally learn. Anyhow, Iove youuuuu??,'' she added further.</p>

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<p>Teigen is also a mother to two children with Legend, son Miles and daughter Luna.</p>

<p><a href="https://www.wionews.com/entertainment/hollywood/news-man-arrested-outside-the-white-lotus-star-alexandra-daddarios-home-454933" hreflang="en">Man arrested outside 'The White Lotus' star Alexandra Daddario's home</a></p>

<p>In October 2020, Teigen and Legend revealed the tragic news of her pregnancy loss&nbsp;with a series of heartbreaking photos.</p>

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<p>“We are shocked and in the kind of deep pain you only hear about, the kind of pain we’ve never felt before,” the “Cravings” cookbook author wrote on Instagram at the time. “We were never able to stop the bleeding and give our baby the fluids he needed, despite bags and bags of blood transfusions. It just wasn’t enough.”<br />
<br />
The couple conceived their other two children — daughter Luna and son Miles with the help of IVF treatments.</p>


A year after losing her son Jack during a pregnancy loss, Chrissy Teigen is ready to expand her family with another child. The cookbook author revealed that she's undergoing IVF treatments in the hopes of having another child with her husband John Legend.

A year after losing her son Jack during a pregnancy loss, Chrissy Teigen is ready to expand her family with another child. The cookbook author revealed that she's undergoing IVF treatments in the hopes of having another child with her husband John Legend. Taking to her Instagram handle, Teigen wrote, “Hiiii. I posted about it in my stories, but I wanted to let you guys know I’m balls deep in another IVF cycle to save as many eggos as I possibly can and hopefully make some strong, healthy embryos,” Director James Gunn & 'Peacemaker' star Jennifer Holland are engaged! ''I honestly don’t mind the shots…they make me feel like a doctor/chemist…but the bloating is a b****h, so I humbly beg you to stop asking if I’m pregnant because while I know it’s said with excited, good intentions, it just kind of sucks to hear because I am the opposite of pregnant! But also like please stop asking people, anyone, if they’re pregnant. I said this in the comments and got yelled at because the internet is wild but I’d rather be the one to tell you and not some poor woman who will look you in the eyes through tears and that’s how you finally learn. Anyhow, Iove youuuuu??,'' she added further. View this post on Instagram A post shared by chrissy teigen (@chrissyteigen) × Teigen is also a mother to two children with Legend, son Miles and daughter Luna. Man arrested outside 'The White Lotus' star Alexandra Daddario's home In October 2020, Teigen and Legend revealed the tragic news of her pregnancy loss with a series of heartbreaking photos. View this post on Instagram A post shared by chrissy teigen (@chrissyteigen) × “We are shocked and in the kind of deep pain you only hear about, the kind of pain we’ve never felt before,” the “Cravings” cookbook author wrote on Instagram at the time. “We were never able to stop the bleeding and give our baby the fluids he needed, despite bags and bags of blood transfusions. It just wasn’t enough.” The couple conceived their other two children — daughter Luna and son Miles with the help of IVF treatments.

Chrissy Teigen undergoing IVF after loss of son Jack: 'I honestly don't mind the shots'

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, IVF treatment for more than half of the respondents has been delayed in the UK, with patients saying they had to undergo repeat tests because many were out of date by the time they could access treatments.

IVF patients miss out on proper medical counselling due to COVID-19 in UK

<p>Unknowingly giving birth to a stranger's baby. Doesn't this sound like the plot of a movie? Well, this is exactly what happened to a couple in the United States.</p>

<p>An American woman and her husband are suing a fertility clinic for implanting them with another woman's child, the couple's lawyers announced Monday.</p>

<p><strong>Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/trending/nurse-finds-gold-bible-worth-usd-13-million-in-a-field-427808" hreflang="en">Nurse finds gold Bible worth USD 1.3 million in a field</a></strong></p>

<p>The first time Daphna and Alexander Cardinale saw their newborn, conceived through IVF, they noticed her jet-black hair and a dark complexion unlike anyone in their family.</p>

<p>Several months later, a DNA test revealed the girl born in September 2019 was not related to either of them, and they had actually been raising another couple's child.</p>

<p>According to lawyers in Los Angeles, two laboratories connected by the same doctor switched the embryos of two couples and implanted them in the wrong mothers.</p>

<p><strong>Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/photos/in-pics-chinas-first-snowstorm-of-winter-season-arrives-early-427792" hreflang="en">In pics | China's first snowstorm of winter season arrives early</a></strong></p>

<p>Finally, the couples met and obtained custody of their genetic children through the courts.</p>

<p>"The moment our... daughter was born should have been among the happiest of my life," Alexander Cardinale said.</p>

<p>"But I immediately felt shaken and confused as to why I didn't recognise her.</p>

<p>"When the truth came to light, it made exchanging the children all the more heartbreaking," he said.</p>

<p>"Losing the birth child you know, for the genetic child that you don't know yet... a truly impossible nightmare."</p>

<p>Lawyers Peiffer Wolf Carr Kane &amp; Conway said the lawsuit is seeking emotional damages, compensatory and property damages, as well as a wide range of costs.</p>

<p><strong>Watch |&nbsp;Gravitas: France clears IVF treatment for lesbians</strong></p>

<div class="videoWrapper trancodeVideo"><iframe allowfullscreen="" autoplay="1" class="includeVideo" frameborder="0" height="350" src="https://www.wionews.com/videos/gravitas-france-clears-ivf-treatment-for-lesbians-394791/embed" style="width:100%;max-width:560px;" width="560"></iframe></div>

<p>IVF involves combining sperm and eggs in a laboratory setting and growing the resulting embryo before implanting it into a mother's uterus.</p>

<p>When couples are having trouble conceiving, this procedure is often used. It may also involve donated eggs, sperm, or both.</p>

<p><em>(With inputs from agencies)</em></p>


Unknowingly giving birth to a stranger's baby. Doesn't this sound like the plot of a movie? Well, this is exactly what happened to a couple in the United States.

Unknowingly giving birth to a stranger's baby. Doesn't this sound like the plot of a movie? Well, this is exactly what happened to a couple in the United States. An American woman and her husband are suing a fertility clinic for implanting them with another woman's child, the couple's lawyers announced Monday. Also read | Nurse finds gold Bible worth USD 1.3 million in a field The first time Daphna and Alexander Cardinale saw their newborn, conceived through IVF, they noticed her jet-black hair and a dark complexion unlike anyone in their family. Several months later, a DNA test revealed the girl born in September 2019 was not related to either of them, and they had actually been raising another couple's child. According to lawyers in Los Angeles, two laboratories connected by the same doctor switched the embryos of two couples and implanted them in the wrong mothers. Also read | In pics | China's first snowstorm of winter season arrives early Finally, the couples met and obtained custody of their genetic children through the courts. "The moment our... daughter was born should have been among the happiest of my life," Alexander Cardinale said. "But I immediately felt shaken and confused as to why I didn't recognise her. "When the truth came to light, it made exchanging the children all the more heartbreaking," he said. "Losing the birth child you know, for the genetic child that you don't know yet... a truly impossible nightmare." Lawyers Peiffer Wolf Carr Kane & Conway said the lawsuit is seeking emotional damages, compensatory and property damages, as well as a wide range of costs. Watch | Gravitas: France clears IVF treatment for lesbians IVF involves combining sperm and eggs in a laboratory setting and growing the resulting embryo before implanting it into a mother's uterus. When couples are having trouble conceiving, this procedure is often used. It may also involve donated eggs, sperm, or both. (With inputs from agencies)

'Good Newwz': US couple sues IVF clinic for baby 'mix-up' after raising child not related to them

<p>Hundreds of victims of a disgraced Canadian fertility doctor, including more than a dozen children conceived using his sperm, are set to share a proposed C$13.375 million ($10 million)&nbsp;class-action settlement.</p>

<p>For decades, Barwin has been a highly sought after fertility doctor dubbed “Baby God” for his success rate. He has even been awarded the Order of Canada.</p>

<p>However, some four decades ago, couples began to question his methodology.</p>

<p>It started in 1989 when Davina and David Dixon sought Barwin’s help to conceive.&nbsp;</p>

<p>They grew suspicious after their daughter, Rebecca did not resemble her parents.&nbsp;</p>

<p>When she developed celiac disease, even after nobody else in the family suffering from the illness, her parents approached Barwin for a DNA sample.</p>

<p>The doctor refused to comply. &nbsp;However, the Dixons managed to compare Rebecca’s DNA with that of another of Barwin’s patients.</p>

<p>They found a match. At 25, she learned that Barwin was her biological father.</p>

<p><a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/high-court-victory-for-stonehenge-campaigners-here-is-all-you-need-to-know-401927"><strong>Also read |&nbsp;High court victory for Stonehenge campaigners, here is all you need to know</strong></a></p>

<p>Dixon told the Ottawa Citizen in 2019, "I was in shock. Something inside me shifted. It made me feel like my existence was something to be ashamed of".</p>

<p>Barwin is alleged to have told couples that the male partner’s sperm would be used.&nbsp;</p>

<p>Instead, they were unknowingly given random samples. Also, in some cases, it was Barwin’s own sperm being used. Barwin did not notify his patients of the errors.</p>

<p>Under the proposed settlement, former patients and children will be eligible for up to C$50,000 in damages. Also, a judge must approve the settlement before any money is made available.</p>

<p>The College of Physicians and Surgeons of Ontario suspended Barwin in 2013 after he admitted to inseminating four women using the wrong sperm.&nbsp;</p>

<p>Also, he resigned his medical licence in 2014.</p>


Hundreds of victims of a disgraced Canadian fertility doctor, including more than a dozen children conceived using his sperm, are set to share a proposed C$13.375 million ($10 million) class-action settlement.

Hundreds of victims of a disgraced Canadian fertility doctor, including more than a dozen children conceived using his sperm, are set to share a proposed C$13.375 million ($10 million) class-action settlement. For decades, Barwin has been a highly sought after fertility doctor dubbed “Baby God” for his success rate. He has even been awarded the Order of Canada. However, some four decades ago, couples began to question his methodology. It started in 1989 when Davina and David Dixon sought Barwin’s help to conceive. They grew suspicious after their daughter, Rebecca did not resemble her parents. When she developed celiac disease, even after nobody else in the family suffering from the illness, her parents approached Barwin for a DNA sample. The doctor refused to comply. However, the Dixons managed to compare Rebecca’s DNA with that of another of Barwin’s patients. They found a match. At 25, she learned that Barwin was her biological father. Also read | High court victory for Stonehenge campaigners, here is all you need to know Dixon told the Ottawa Citizen in 2019, "I was in shock. Something inside me shifted. It made me feel like my existence was something to be ashamed of". Barwin is alleged to have told couples that the male partner’s sperm would be used. Instead, they were unknowingly given random samples. Also, in some cases, it was Barwin’s own sperm being used. Barwin did not notify his patients of the errors. Under the proposed settlement, former patients and children will be eligible for up to C$50,000 in damages. Also, a judge must approve the settlement before any money is made available. The College of Physicians and Surgeons of Ontario suspended Barwin in 2013 after he admitted to inseminating four women using the wrong sperm. Also, he resigned his medical licence in 2014.

IVF doctor who used own sperm told to pay $10 million to victims

After two years of debate, the French parliament has approved fertility treatments for lesbian couples. Which other countries permit IVF for lesbians? Why are same-sex couples denied the right to raise a family? Palki Sharma has a report.

Gravitas: France clears IVF treatment for lesbians

<p>L<strong>latest IVF scandal</strong>&nbsp;- <b>Dutch Fertility Doctor </b>&nbsp; A deceased gynaecologist has fathered at least 17 children with women, who thought they were receiving sperm from anonymous donors.</p>

<p>Jan Wildschut worked from 1981 to 1993 at the <strong>fertility clinic</strong> of the former Sophia hospital.</p>

<p>"A total of 17 donor children are currently known, in addition to the legal children of this former gynaecologist," Isala hospital in the eastern Dutch city of Zwolle said in a statement, describing Wildschut's actions as "morally unacceptable".</p>

<p>At the time he was involved in the hospital's artificial insemination programme with donor sperm, called <strong>KID in Dutch</strong>. It was unknown whether he sired more children, the hospital said.</p>

<p>Learning of the news in 2019, the hospital decided to make it public together with the <strong>doctor's family</strong> and donor children to "contribute to greater transparency" in the issue of sperm donation.</p>

<p><strong>Dutch fertility doctor :&nbsp;latest IVF scandal </strong></p>

<p>De Stentor newspaper said the matter was first discovered when a donor child discovered a DNA match via a commercial database with a niece of Wildschut, who had died in 2009.</p>

<p>The <strong>Dutch Health </strong>and Youth Inspectorate has declined to open a probe, as "this case took place at a time when there were no laws or regulations governing fertility treatments," the hospital said.</p>

<p>This is the <strong>latest IVF scandal </strong>to hit the country. Last year, the Netherlands was rocked by another scandal after it came out that another<strong> Dutch doctor </strong>in Rotterdam fathered at least 49 children while inseminating women seeking treatment.</p>


Llatest IVF scandal - Dutch Fertility Doctor A deceased gynaecologist has fathered at least 17 children with women, who thought they were receiving sperm from anonymous donors.

Llatest IVF scandal - Dutch Fertility Doctor A deceased gynaecologist has fathered at least 17 children with women, who thought they were receiving sperm from anonymous donors. Jan Wildschut worked from 1981 to 1993 at the fertility clinic of the former Sophia hospital. "A total of 17 donor children are currently known, in addition to the legal children of this former gynaecologist," Isala hospital in the eastern Dutch city of Zwolle said in a statement, describing Wildschut's actions as "morally unacceptable". At the time he was involved in the hospital's artificial insemination programme with donor sperm, called KID in Dutch. It was unknown whether he sired more children, the hospital said. Learning of the news in 2019, the hospital decided to make it public together with the doctor's family and donor children to "contribute to greater transparency" in the issue of sperm donation. Dutch fertility doctor : latest IVF scandal De Stentor newspaper said the matter was first discovered when a donor child discovered a DNA match via a commercial database with a niece of Wildschut, who had died in 2009. The Dutch Health and Youth Inspectorate has declined to open a probe, as "this case took place at a time when there were no laws or regulations governing fertility treatments," the hospital said. This is the latest IVF scandal to hit the country. Last year, the Netherlands was rocked by another scandal after it came out that another Dutch doctor in Rotterdam fathered at least 49 children while inseminating women seeking treatment.

Scandalous Dutch fertility doctor fathered 17 children

<p>France's lower house of parliament approved Friday a draft law to allow lesbian and single women to conceive children using donor sperm, a move that has already set the stage for street protests next month.</p>

<p>For now, only heterosexual couples have the right to use medically-assisted reproduction methods such as in vitro fertilisation, commonly known as IVF.</p>

<p>Given the green light by the National Assembly, the bill must also get the go-ahead from the upper house, or Senate, before it can become law.</p>

<p>It represents President Emmanuel Macron's biggest social reform since coming to power in 2017, but has drawn the ire of conservatives and even some in his own party who claim it would make children "fatherless".</p>

<p>Macron, who acknowledged last week the political risk of the legislation, is mindful of the backlash six years ago against gay marriage, legalised under his Socialist predecessor Francois Hollande.</p>


France's lower house of parliament approved Friday a draft law to allow lesbian and single women to conceive children using donor sperm, a move that has already set the stage for street protests next month.

France's lower house of parliament approved Friday a draft law to allow lesbian and single women to conceive children using donor sperm, a move that has already set the stage for street protests next month. For now, only heterosexual couples have the right to use medically-assisted reproduction methods such as in vitro fertilisation, commonly known as IVF. Given the green light by the National Assembly, the bill must also get the go-ahead from the upper house, or Senate, before it can become law. It represents President Emmanuel Macron's biggest social reform since coming to power in 2017, but has drawn the ire of conservatives and even some in his own party who claim it would make children "fatherless". Macron, who acknowledged last week the political risk of the legislation, is mindful of the backlash six years ago against gay marriage, legalised under his Socialist predecessor Francois Hollande.

French lawmakers approve IVF for lesbians, single women

<p>France risks a shortage of frozen sperm if lawmakers approve new legislation that allows single women and lesbian couples access to in-vitro fertilization (IVF) and abolishes the right of sperm and egg donors to keep their identities secret, clinicians said.</p>

<p>Lawmakers in the country's National Assembly on Tuesday start debating a bioethics bill that unwinds some of western Europe's strictest rules governing medically-assisted pregnancies, a campaign promise of President Emmanuel Macron.</p>

<p>Under existing law in <a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/google-wins-right-to-be-forgotten-case-against-frances-privacy-watchdog-251737">France</a>, IVF is available only to opposite-sex couples, and only for reasons of infertility or the risk of transmission of a disease or medical condition to the child or either parent.</p>

<p>Health Minister Agnes Buzyn forecasts a roughly two-thirds increase in demand for IVF procedures, with an extra 2,000 women annually registering for treatment.</p>

<p>Couples already wait an average of 12 months from registration to their first attempt at IVF. Clinicians at France's network of public sperm banks (CECOS) said the supply of cryopreserved sperm only meets demand.</p>

<p>Moreover, they predict lifting donor anonymity could prompt three-quarters of registered male and female donors to deny clinics the use of their sperm and eggs under the new rules.</p>

<p>"To say 'everything is going to be ok' would be burying your head in the sand," Nathalie Rives, president of the CECOS federation, told Reuters.</p>

<p>"There will be a period of instability, with increased demand and the need to recruit new donors. We don't know how long this instability will last and whether there will be a shortage."</p>

<p>The bioethics bill, which would also allow women to freeze their eggs for non-medical reasons to enhance their chances of having children, is Macron's first major societal reform.</p>

<p>Medically assisted reproduction such as IVF is widely available to all women in countries such as Britain, Belgium, Spain. But in France, it has fed into a broader debate about the commercialization of healthcare and gay rights.</p>

<p>"The right to know one’s origins is a vital right, a fundamental right,” said Arthur Kermalvezen, 35, who turned to DNA tests to track down his biological father and has campaigned for the lifting of anonymity.</p>

<p>The legalization of gay marriage in France six years ago sparked massive street protests even though the influence of the Catholic Church was thought to be in decline.</p>

<p>In a sign France has become more socially liberal, polls show a majority of French people back the bioethics reform.</p>

<p>Professor Rachel Levy, who runs the CECOS centre at the Tenon Hospital in Paris, said donor anonymity would remain in place for 13 months after the legislation comes into effect in an effort to help sperm banks build up stocks.</p>

<p>There would then be a second phase during which existing donors would say if they consent to their cryopreserved sperm being used under the new rules. The samples of those who refuse will be destroyed later.</p>

<p>"It's a challenging situation," Levy said</p>


France risks a shortage of frozen sperm if lawmakers approve new legislation that allows single women and lesbian couples access to in-vitro fertilization (IVF) and abolishes the right of sperm and egg donors to keep their identities secret, clinicians said.

France risks a shortage of frozen sperm if lawmakers approve new legislation that allows single women and lesbian couples access to in-vitro fertilization (IVF) and abolishes the right of sperm and egg donors to keep their identities secret, clinicians said. Lawmakers in the country's National Assembly on Tuesday start debating a bioethics bill that unwinds some of western Europe's strictest rules governing medically-assisted pregnancies, a campaign promise of President Emmanuel Macron. Under existing law in France, IVF is available only to opposite-sex couples, and only for reasons of infertility or the risk of transmission of a disease or medical condition to the child or either parent. Health Minister Agnes Buzyn forecasts a roughly two-thirds increase in demand for IVF procedures, with an extra 2,000 women annually registering for treatment. Couples already wait an average of 12 months from registration to their first attempt at IVF. Clinicians at France's network of public sperm banks (CECOS) said the supply of cryopreserved sperm only meets demand. Moreover, they predict lifting donor anonymity could prompt three-quarters of registered male and female donors to deny clinics the use of their sperm and eggs under the new rules. "To say 'everything is going to be ok' would be burying your head in the sand," Nathalie Rives, president of the CECOS federation, told Reuters. "There will be a period of instability, with increased demand and the need to recruit new donors. We don't know how long this instability will last and whether there will be a shortage." The bioethics bill, which would also allow women to freeze their eggs for non-medical reasons to enhance their chances of having children, is Macron's first major societal reform. Medically assisted reproduction such as IVF is widely available to all women in countries such as Britain, Belgium, Spain. But in France, it has fed into a broader debate about the commercialization of healthcare and gay rights. "The right to know one’s origins is a vital right, a fundamental right,” said Arthur Kermalvezen, 35, who turned to DNA tests to track down his biological father and has campaigned for the lifting of anonymity. The legalization of gay marriage in France six years ago sparked massive street protests even though the influence of the Catholic Church was thought to be in decline. In a sign France has become more socially liberal, polls show a majority of French people back the bioethics reform. Professor Rachel Levy, who runs the CECOS centre at the Tenon Hospital in Paris, said donor anonymity would remain in place for 13 months after the legislation comes into effect in an effort to help sperm banks build up stocks. There would then be a second phase during which existing donors would say if they consent to their cryopreserved sperm being used under the new rules. The samples of those who refuse will be destroyed later. "It's a challenging situation," Levy said

France may face sperm shortage under Macron plan to ease IVF rules

<p style="text-align: justify;">Some 120 children have been born through the &quot;Jiyo Parsi&quot; fertility initiative since it was launched four years ago in a bid to help reverse a dramatic decline in India&#39;s Zoroastrian population.</p>

<p style="text-align: justify;">The programme, which provides Parsi couples with free in-vitro fertilization treatment, has been hailed a success by many in the influential community.</p>

<p style="text-align: justify;">But critics say the scheme, which has also seen the launch of an advertising campaign effectively damning Parsis that are not having children, amounts to selective procreation and reinforces orthodox Zoroastrians views that Parsis should only have children with each other.</p>

<p style="text-align: justify;">For Aspi and Persis Kamakhan -- from Mumbai, where most of India&#39;s 57,000-odd Parsis live -- it represented a unique opportunity to have a child after trying to conceive for twelve years.&nbsp;</p>

<p style="text-align: justify;">&quot;We had lost all hope but Jiyo Parsi was a big blessing and completely changed our lives,&quot; 38-year-old Persis, now mother to a 3-year-old girl, told AFP.</p>

<p style="text-align: justify;">Parsis are Zoroastrians who first arrived in India more than 1,000 years ago after fleeing persecution in Persia. They follow the teachings of the ancient Prophet Zoroaster and worship in fire temples.</p>

<p style="text-align: justify;">The group flourished under British colonial rule and became one of India&#39;s wealthiest and most powerful communities, boasting a number of famous industrialists including the Tata, Wadia and Godrej families.</p>

<p style="text-align: justify;">But their population has been dwindling for decades. Across India, where the majority of the world&#39;s Zoroastrians reside, their numbers have halved since 1940. At the last census, in 2011, 57,264 Parsis were recorded in India.</p>

<p style="text-align: justify;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Threat to existence&nbsp;</strong></p>

<p style="text-align: justify;">The population slide has led to warnings that the community&#39;s very existence is under threat. So in 2013, the Indian government started &quot;Jiyo Parsi&quot;, meaning &quot;Live Parsi&quot; in Hindi.</p>

<p style="text-align: justify;">&quot;Jiyo Parsi has two fundamental purposes -- first to arrest the decline of Parsis, and second to increase their population,&quot; Katy Gandevia, who counsels prospective parents on the programme, told AFP.</p>

<p style="text-align: justify;">The scheme provides financial assistance ranging from 50 to 100 percent of the cost of IVF depending on the combined annual salary of the couple, a lifeline for those desperate for a baby but short of funds.</p>

<p style="text-align: justify;">It is run in partnership with the Bombay Parsi Punchayet, Mumbai&#39;s leading Parsi organization, a community NGO called the Parzor Foundation and the Tata Institute of Social Sciences.</p>

<p style="text-align: justify;">For Shernaz Cama, the founder of Parzor, every baby born offers a glimmer of hope that the group will survive long into the future.</p>

<p style="text-align: justify;">&quot;We have had 120 births&nbsp;in four years. The programme has increased the number of Parsi babies born every year by 18 percent,&quot; she told AFP.</p>

<p style="text-align: justify;">Largely well-educated and well-off, Parsis have tended to marry late, or not all, and have smaller families than other Indian communities, factors that have been blamed for contributing to the low birth rate.</p>

<p style="text-align: justify;">Pressure from conservatives for Parsis to marry within the closed community has reduced the pool of possible partners and led many towed out of the traditionally fold, demographers also say.</p>

<p style="text-align: justify;">Reformists, meanwhile, blame a rule that bars the children of women who marry outside the community from places of worship.</p>

<p style="text-align: justify;">By comparison, if a man weds outside the community then his children are still considered Parsi.</p>

<p style="text-align: justify;">&nbsp;</p>

<p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>&#39;Regressive&#39; ads&nbsp;</strong></p>

<p style="text-align: justify;">&quot;Welcoming these children into the fold should have been the most obvious solution to increasing community numbers. Instead, these children and their parents are being shunned,&quot; Simin Patel, a Parsi who opposes the programme,&quot; told AFP.</p>

<p style="text-align: justify;">The historian, who writes an online blog about Mumbai entitled &quot;Bombaywalla&quot;, accuses the government of supporting a programme of &quot;selective racial breeding&quot;.</p>

<p style="text-align: justify;">&quot;The Jiyo Parsi scheme is a telling example of how the theories and programmes of eugenics are still being practiced in the present day,&quot; she said.</p>

<p style="text-align: justify;">Some in the community have also criticised recent posters advertising the programme&#39;s second phase, accusing them of being elitist, patriarchal and of stigmatizing childless women.</p>

<p style="text-align: justify;">One poster shows a man sitting on a chair with the caption: &quot;After your parents, you&#39;ll inherit the family home. After you, your servant will.&quot; Another reads: &quot;Be Responsible - don&#39;t use a condom&nbsp;tonight.&quot;&nbsp;</p>

<p style="text-align: justify;">&quot;These ads reflect a sense of entitlement, are regressive and instead of empowering Parsi women, drag us back into the dark ages,&quot; Pervin Sanghvi, a Parsi from Mumbai, told AFP.</p>

<p style="text-align: justify;">Two Parsis die on average every day in Mumbai. For every four passing away, only one baby is born, according to Pearl Mistry, Jiyo Parsi&#39;s coordinator.</p>

<p style="text-align: justify;">The numbers suggest the programme itself will not be enough to save the community.</p>

<p style="text-align: justify;">&quot;Couples say that Jiyo Parsi is a ray of hope at the end of a long and dark tunnel and we cling to that,&quot; said Mistry.</p>


Some 120 children have been born through the 'Jiyo Parsi' fertility initiative since it was launched four years ago

Some 120 children have been born through the "Jiyo Parsi" fertility initiative since it was launched four years ago in a bid to help reverse a dramatic decline in India's Zoroastrian population. The programme, which provides Parsi couples with free in-vitro fertilization treatment, has been hailed a success by many in the influential community. But critics say the scheme, which has also seen the launch of an advertising campaign effectively damning Parsis that are not having children, amounts to selective procreation and reinforces orthodox Zoroastrians views that Parsis should only have children with each other. For Aspi and Persis Kamakhan -- from Mumbai, where most of India's 57,000-odd Parsis live -- it represented a unique opportunity to have a child after trying to conceive for twelve years. "We had lost all hope but Jiyo Parsi was a big blessing and completely changed our lives," 38-year-old Persis, now mother to a 3-year-old girl, told AFP. Parsis are Zoroastrians who first arrived in India more than 1,000 years ago after fleeing persecution in Persia. They follow the teachings of the ancient Prophet Zoroaster and worship in fire temples. The group flourished under British colonial rule and became one of India's wealthiest and most powerful communities, boasting a number of famous industrialists including the Tata, Wadia and Godrej families. But their population has been dwindling for decades. Across India, where the majority of the world's Zoroastrians reside, their numbers have halved since 1940. At the last census, in 2011, 57,264 Parsis were recorded in India. Threat to existence The population slide has led to warnings that the community's very existence is under threat. So in 2013, the Indian government started "Jiyo Parsi", meaning "Live Parsi" in Hindi. "Jiyo Parsi has two fundamental purposes -- first to arrest the decline of Parsis, and second to increase their population," Katy Gandevia, who counsels prospective parents on the programme, told AFP. The scheme provides financial assistance ranging from 50 to 100 percent of the cost of IVF depending on the combined annual salary of the couple, a lifeline for those desperate for a baby but short of funds. It is run in partnership with the Bombay Parsi Punchayet, Mumbai's leading Parsi organization, a community NGO called the Parzor Foundation and the Tata Institute of Social Sciences. For Shernaz Cama, the founder of Parzor, every baby born offers a glimmer of hope that the group will survive long into the future. "We have had 120 births in four years. The programme has increased the number of Parsi babies born every year by 18 percent," she told AFP. Largely well-educated and well-off, Parsis have tended to marry late, or not all, and have smaller families than other Indian communities, factors that have been blamed for contributing to the low birth rate. Pressure from conservatives for Parsis to marry within the closed community has reduced the pool of possible partners and led many towed out of the traditionally fold, demographers also say. Reformists, meanwhile, blame a rule that bars the children of women who marry outside the community from places of worship. By comparison, if a man weds outside the community then his children are still considered Parsi. 'Regressive' ads "Welcoming these children into the fold should have been the most obvious solution to increasing community numbers. Instead, these children and their parents are being shunned," Simin Patel, a Parsi who opposes the programme," told AFP. The historian, who writes an online blog about Mumbai entitled "Bombaywalla", accuses the government of supporting a programme of "selective racial breeding". "The Jiyo Parsi scheme is a telling example of how the theories and programmes of eugenics are still being practiced in the present day," she said. Some in the community have also criticised recent posters advertising the programme's second phase, accusing them of being elitist, patriarchal and of stigmatizing childless women. One poster shows a man sitting on a chair with the caption: "After your parents, you'll inherit the family home. After you, your servant will." Another reads: "Be Responsible - don't use a condom tonight." "These ads reflect a sense of entitlement, are regressive and instead of empowering Parsi women, drag us back into the dark ages," Pervin Sanghvi, a Parsi from Mumbai, told AFP. Two Parsis die on average every day in Mumbai. For every four passing away, only one baby is born, according to Pearl Mistry, Jiyo Parsi's coordinator. The numbers suggest the programme itself will not be enough to save the community. "Couples say that Jiyo Parsi is a ray of hope at the end of a long and dark tunnel and we cling to that," said Mistry.

India's Parsis multiply, slowly, with help from govt-funded IVF programme

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