In an embarrassing incident that took place in Kerala’s capital, locals and head-load workers blocked a crucial piece of high-tech, heavy equipment that was being transported for the Indian Space Research Organization. The consignment weighing nearly 180tons was being carried on a special heavy-cargo haulier truck and moving towards ISRO’s Vikram Sarabhai Space Center (VSSC) in Thumba, Thiruvananthapuram when the incident occurred.&nbsp;

VSSC is India’s lead centre for the development of rockets and related technologies. It is named after the Father of the Indian Space Programme.&nbsp;

Despite the high COVID-19 cases in Kerala and the lockdown restrictions, locals and people affiliated with the political trade unions had gathered in large numbers around the truck and created a ruckus.&nbsp;

Unmindful of the fact that ISRO’s cargo was being wheeled in with special security, the locals halted the vehicle’s movement for nearly two hours.&nbsp;

In Kerala, the locals and workers unscrupulously demand unreasonable charges for unloading any cargo that is brought into their locality.&nbsp;

Even if the owners of the cargo off-load it by themselves, the head-load workers demand exorbitant money.&nbsp;

In Malayalam, this practice is known as ‘Nokku Kooli’, it loosely translates to gawking fees or gawking charges.

<a href="https://www.wionews.com/india-news/india-reports-over-38000-covid-19-cases-lowest-daily-fatalities-in-167-days-411079">Also read |&nbsp;India reports over 38,000 COVID-19 cases; lowest daily fatalities in 167 days</a>

It means that the workers will stand and stare, while the hapless people work and also shell out money to the workers.&nbsp;The workers consider that this unfair practice is their absolute right.

Zee Media has understood that the locals and workers (who possessed no equipment and had nil expertise) wanted to unload the 180-ton cargo, demanded anywhere between Rs. 2000 per ton, which is upwards of Rs. 3.6lakhs.&nbsp; 
Some reports also say that the demand was as high as Rs.10lakhs.&nbsp;

The demand for money was made even after knowing that such a heavy cargo could only be unloaded using specialised equipment and cranes. The concerned cargo was a component of a new Trisonic wind tunnel equipment that ISRO is building at its facility.&nbsp;

A trisonic wind tunnel facility enables testing of aircraft and rocket prototypes at different speeds of airflow - subsonic, which is less than the speed of sound, transonic, which is close to the speed of sound, and supersonic, which is faster than the speed of sound.&nbsp;

Simply put, wind tunnels are large air tubes used to study how model aircrafts or rockets would actually fly.

It is learnt that this is, unfortunately, a routine issue in Kerala and in this case, the Police had to intervene after ISRO raised the matter seriously with the highest office in Kerala.&nbsp;

It was only after the police convinced the gathered people that the crowd dispersed and the cargo was let into ISRO, after a delay of nearly two hours.&nbsp;

The oversized cargo had arrived in Kollam, Kerala from Maharashtra via ship and it was being transported by a heavy-haulier truck to Thumba, Thiruvananthapuram.&nbsp;

There have been reports alleging that ISRO did not honour its promise of providing jobs to the local population.

This is despite having acquired land from there.

It is noteworthy that ISRO acquired land for VSSC, back in the 1960s. Zee Media has understood from ISRO sources that the space agency has been employing people from the locality, spanning three generations. Several contracts worth lakhs of

Rupees are also handed to the locals.&nbsp;

According to the Kerala High Court, the practice of ’Nokku-Kooli was damaging the image of Kerala and the Court called for its eradication. While the Kerala Government banned the practice in 2018, it is still rampant and ongoing.&nbsp;

Such practices have been adversely impacting the Southern India state’s capability to attract investments and help sustain small local businesses, despite the State Government’s tall claims of being “business-friendly”.

The greater irony and tragedy of this entire incident is that, it is this very Kerala and this very local population (of thumba) that gave up their coastal land and church to establish ISRO's Thumba equatorial rocket launching station (TERLS) in the early 1960s.

The sacrifice of that little hamlet consisting of fishermen has led to so much advancement in India's science and technology capabilities and space-faring prowess.

It is worthwhile to recall that India's space programme and indigenous space technology have saved countless lives of fishermen, sailors, and those living on the coast and beyond. ISRO has even made an ultra-portable device that helps fishermen send distress signals to satellites in order to receive immediate help and rescue.&nbsp;

It appears that a significant number of people who blocked ISRO's cargo and demanded money have not come across these lesser-known facts and chapters of India's history.

In an embarrassing incident that took place in Kerala’s capital, locals and head-load workers blocked a crucial piece of high-tech, heavy equipment that was being transported for the Indian Space Research Organization.

In an embarrassing incident that took place in Kerala’s capital, locals and head-load workers blocked a crucial piece of high-tech, heavy equipment that was being transported for the Indian Space Research Organization. The consignment weighing nearly 180tons was being carried on a special heavy-cargo haulier truck and moving towards ISRO’s Vikram Sarabhai Space Center (VSSC) in Thumba, Thiruvananthapuram when the incident occurred. VSSC is India’s lead centre for the development of rockets and related technologies. It is named after the Father of the Indian Space Programme. Despite the high COVID-19 cases in Kerala and the lockdown restrictions, locals and people affiliated with the political trade unions had gathered in large numbers around the truck and created a ruckus. Unmindful of the fact that ISRO’s cargo was being wheeled in with special security, the locals halted the vehicle’s movement for nearly two hours. In Kerala, the locals and workers unscrupulously demand unreasonable charges for unloading any cargo that is brought into their locality. Even if the owners of the cargo off-load it by themselves, the head-load workers demand exorbitant money. In Malayalam, this practice is known as ‘Nokku Kooli’, it loosely translates to gawking fees or gawking charges. Also read | India reports over 38,000 COVID-19 cases; lowest daily fatalities in 167 days It means that the workers will stand and stare, while the hapless people work and also shell out money to the workers. The workers consider that this unfair practice is their absolute right. Zee Media has understood that the locals and workers (who possessed no equipment and had nil expertise) wanted to unload the 180-ton cargo, demanded anywhere between Rs. 2000 per ton, which is upwards of Rs. 3.6lakhs. Some reports also say that the demand was as high as Rs.10lakhs. The demand for money was made even after knowing that such a heavy cargo could only be unloaded using specialised equipment and cranes. The concerned cargo was a component of a new Trisonic wind tunnel equipment that ISRO is building at its facility. A trisonic wind tunnel facility enables testing of aircraft and rocket prototypes at different speeds of airflow - subsonic, which is less than the speed of sound, transonic, which is close to the speed of sound, and supersonic, which is faster than the speed of sound. Simply put, wind tunnels are large air tubes used to study how model aircrafts or rockets would actually fly. It is learnt that this is, unfortunately, a routine issue in Kerala and in this case, the Police had to intervene after ISRO raised the matter seriously with the highest office in Kerala. It was only after the police convinced the gathered people that the crowd dispersed and the cargo was let into ISRO, after a delay of nearly two hours. The oversized cargo had arrived in Kollam, Kerala from Maharashtra via ship and it was being transported by a heavy-haulier truck to Thumba, Thiruvananthapuram. There have been reports alleging that ISRO did not honour its promise of providing jobs to the local population. This is despite having acquired land from there. It is noteworthy that ISRO acquired land for VSSC, back in the 1960s. Zee Media has understood from ISRO sources that the space agency has been employing people from the locality, spanning three generations. Several contracts worth lakhs of Rupees are also handed to the locals. According to the Kerala High Court, the practice of ’Nokku-Kooli was damaging the image of Kerala and the Court called for its eradication. While the Kerala Government banned the practice in 2018, it is still rampant and ongoing. Such practices have been adversely impacting the Southern India state’s capability to attract investments and help sustain small local businesses, despite the State Government’s tall claims of being “business-friendly”. The greater irony and tragedy of this entire incident is that, it is this very Kerala and this very local population (of thumba) that gave up their coastal land and church to establish ISRO's Thumba equatorial rocket launching station (TERLS) in the early 1960s. The sacrifice of that little hamlet consisting of fishermen has led to so much advancement in India's science and technology capabilities and space-faring prowess. It is worthwhile to recall that India's space programme and indigenous space technology have saved countless lives of fishermen, sailors, and those living on the coast and beyond. ISRO has even made an ultra-portable device that helps fishermen send distress signals to satellites in order to receive immediate help and rescue. It appears that a significant number of people who blocked ISRO's cargo and demanded money have not come across these lesser-known facts and chapters of India's history.

Head-load workers and locals block ISRO’s cargo and demand money for unloading

The Indian Space Research Organisation's (ISRO) Chandrayaan-2 validated the presence of water on the moon’s surface. According to ISRO scientists who were associated with both Lunar projects, the data from the Chandrayaan-2 would be used to build a lunar water map, which would further aid upcoming missions to the moon.

ISRO's orbiter Chandrayaan-2 confirms earlier finding of water on moon surface

The rocket blasted off from the second launch pad at the Satish Dhawan Space Center in Sriharikota at its scheduled time of 5:43 AM. The flight of the rocket was also visible from the Southern Indian metropolis of Chennai.

ISRO Gisat failure: What does anomaly in Cryogenic Engine mean

The Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) on Thursday&nbsp;announced the successful test-fire of its Vikas (Vikram A Sarabhai) Engine or the Core stage L110 Engine of its heaviest operational rocket - the GSLV Mk 3.

While this engine and the rocket comprising it have flown several times in the past, the test is part of a series of new evaluations. They are meant to ensure the human-rating of the rocket.

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<a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/ISRO?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#ISRO</a> on July 14, 2021 has successfully conducted the hot test of the liquid propellant Vikas Engine for the core L110 liquid stage of the human rated GSLV MkIII vehicle, as part of engine qualification requirements for the <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/Gaganyaan?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#Gaganyaan</a> Programme 
 
Read More: <a href="https://t.co/cqYatVNwsf">https://t.co/cqYatVNwsf</a> <a href="https://t.co/4MFvHIBgVW">pic.twitter.com/4MFvHIBgVW</a>
— ISRO (@isro) <a href="https://twitter.com/isro/status/1415312724876095492?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">July 14, 2021</a></blockquote>
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Simply put, ISRO is working on converting its cargo-carrying rocket into a reliable human-carrier, meant for astronauts. Chairman, ISRO, Dr K Sivan, revealed this and much more in an exclusive conversation with WION.&nbsp;

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The fundamental difference in carrying satellites and humans to space is that satellite missions are about carrying more payload (heavy satellite or multiple small satellites) to orbit.

Whereas, human spaceflight is about ensuring fail-safe, reliable flight of astronauts, even if the rocket is not carrying its maximum payload. Once launched by a rocket, a satellite carries out its functions in space, based on commands from its control facility, back on Earth.&nbsp;

In case of India’s Human spaceflight programme, the capsule/spacecraft carrying humans must be launched into space (via a rocket), the astronauts must perform their activities/experiments in space for a defined time.

Later, the spacecraft propels and re-aligns itself to re-enter earth’s atmosphere (overcoming extreme high temperature and friction). Then, it is recovered after a splash down in the sea.&nbsp;

Human-rating is the process of certifying a rocket’s capability to safely carry such a capsule to space. As far as ISRO is concerned, it involves strengthening the overall launch system, modifying its design and components for high-reliability.

Owing to these modifications, additional testing is required for each of its hardware.&nbsp;

The GSLV Mk3 is a three-stage rocket - powered by two S200 Solid fuel boosters, two liquid fuel Vikas engines(L110 core stage) and the CE-20 Cryogenic Engine (that burns a mixture of liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen).

It must also be noted that the same Vikas Engine also powers India’s PSLV rocket, that has a stellar success record of over 96 per cent&nbsp;in 53 flights. Even the two failures that so occurred in the PSLV launches, were unrelated to its engines and core rocketry.

The human-rated GSLV would be housing the crew module under the rocket’s nose cone. The rocket is capable of carrying a 4-tonne payload to Geosynchronous Transfer Orbit (36,000kms from Earth’s surface) and eight-ton payload to Low Earth Orbit( LEO is 400-600km) respectively.&nbsp;&nbsp;

Despite the GSLV Mk3 rocket having flown four times till date and having performed each mission successfully, ISRO is testing each of its engines multiple times, in order to ensure they can perform above their operational requirements.

“Normally we conduct two tests for an engine, but for Gaganyaan we are conducting five or six tests. The third successful test of the Vikas engine(done on Wednesday) is a major milestone and gives us confidence about its robustness. Similar tests will be carried out on the S200 Boosters in October, in addition to tests on the Cryogenic engine “ Dr Sivan said.

Simply put, the tests are about pushing the rocket components beyond their limits and capabilities. “Suppose the Engine’s operating pressure is ‘X value’, we will test its performance at an ‘X+ value’ and do this for multiple parameters” he explained.&nbsp;

ISRO’s work that was hit owing to the Covid-19 Lockdown has now picked up pace, with private industries and suppliers resuming operations. Queried on the status of the Spacecraft/human module, Dr Sivan said that its design phase was completed and it was handed over for fabrication.

With regards the spacesuits, ISRO would be utilising the tried and tested Russian suits for the manned flight of Gaganyaan. Announced in 2018 by Prime Minister Narendra Modi, Gaganyaan or Human Spaceflight programme is India’s most ambitious space-faring mission.

Following two unmanned flight trials of the human-rated GSLV Mk3, Indian astronauts&nbsp; would head for space in the third flight.&nbsp;

The Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) on Thursday announced the successful test-fire of its Vikas (Vikram A Sarabhai) Engine or the Core stage L110 Engine of its heaviest operational rocket - the GSLV Mk 3.

The Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) on Thursday announced the successful test-fire of its Vikas (Vikram A Sarabhai) Engine or the Core stage L110 Engine of its heaviest operational rocket - the GSLV Mk 3. While this engine and the rocket comprising it have flown several times in the past, the test is part of a series of new evaluations. They are meant to ensure the human-rating of the rocket. #ISRO on July 14, 2021 has successfully conducted the hot test of the liquid propellant Vikas Engine for the core L110 liquid stage of the human rated GSLV MkIII vehicle, as part of engine qualification requirements for the #Gaganyaan Programme Read More: https://t.co/cqYatVNwsf pic.twitter.com/4MFvHIBgVW — ISRO (@isro) July 14, 2021 × Simply put, ISRO is working on converting its cargo-carrying rocket into a reliable human-carrier, meant for astronauts. Chairman, ISRO, Dr K Sivan, revealed this and much more in an exclusive conversation with WION. The fundamental difference in carrying satellites and humans to space is that satellite missions are about carrying more payload (heavy satellite or multiple small satellites) to orbit. Whereas, human spaceflight is about ensuring fail-safe, reliable flight of astronauts, even if the rocket is not carrying its maximum payload. Once launched by a rocket, a satellite carries out its functions in space, based on commands from its control facility, back on Earth. In case of India’s Human spaceflight programme, the capsule/spacecraft carrying humans must be launched into space (via a rocket), the astronauts must perform their activities/experiments in space for a defined time. Later, the spacecraft propels and re-aligns itself to re-enter earth’s atmosphere (overcoming extreme high temperature and friction). Then, it is recovered after a splash down in the sea. Human-rating is the process of certifying a rocket’s capability to safely carry such a capsule to space. As far as ISRO is concerned, it involves strengthening the overall launch system, modifying its design and components for high-reliability. Owing to these modifications, additional testing is required for each of its hardware. The GSLV Mk3 is a three-stage rocket - powered by two S200 Solid fuel boosters, two liquid fuel Vikas engines(L110 core stage) and the CE-20 Cryogenic Engine (that burns a mixture of liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen). It must also be noted that the same Vikas Engine also powers India’s PSLV rocket, that has a stellar success record of over 96 per cent in 53 flights. Even the two failures that so occurred in the PSLV launches, were unrelated to its engines and core rocketry. The human-rated GSLV would be housing the crew module under the rocket’s nose cone. The rocket is capable of carrying a 4-tonne payload to Geosynchronous Transfer Orbit (36,000kms from Earth’s surface) and eight-ton payload to Low Earth Orbit( LEO is 400-600km) respectively. Despite the GSLV Mk3 rocket having flown four times till date and having performed each mission successfully, ISRO is testing each of its engines multiple times, in order to ensure they can perform above their operational requirements. “Normally we conduct two tests for an engine, but for Gaganyaan we are conducting five or six tests. The third successful test of the Vikas engine(done on Wednesday) is a major milestone and gives us confidence about its robustness. Similar tests will be carried out on the S200 Boosters in October, in addition to tests on the Cryogenic engine “ Dr Sivan said. Simply put, the tests are about pushing the rocket components beyond their limits and capabilities. “Suppose the Engine’s operating pressure is ‘X value’, we will test its performance at an ‘X+ value’ and do this for multiple parameters” he explained. ISRO’s work that was hit owing to the Covid-19 Lockdown has now picked up pace, with private industries and suppliers resuming operations. Queried on the status of the Spacecraft/human module, Dr Sivan said that its design phase was completed and it was handed over for fabrication. With regards the spacesuits, ISRO would be utilising the tried and tested Russian suits for the manned flight of Gaganyaan. Announced in 2018 by Prime Minister Narendra Modi, Gaganyaan or Human Spaceflight programme is India’s most ambitious space-faring mission. Following two unmanned flight trials of the human-rated GSLV Mk3, Indian astronauts would head for space in the third flight.

ISRO moves one step ahead in converting ‘cargo-carrier’ GSLV rocket into human-carrier

The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) is getting back into launch activity fully at Sriharikota spaceport with the planned orbiting of geo imaging satellite GISAT-1 on board GSLV-F10 rocket on August 12.

ISRO plans to launch GISAT-1 on August 12

In&nbsp;an air-sea&nbsp;coordinated operation, the&nbsp;Indian&nbsp;Coast Guard(ICG) rescued a distressed fishing vessel ‘RSN-TWO’ and its seven crew, on Thursday. The vessel was off Tillanchong Island, nearly&nbsp;350 Km south of Port Blair.

This mission highlighted the significance of a home-grown satellite communication device that helps fishermen&nbsp;in&nbsp;distress, by alerting the concerned authorities.

The Maritime Rescue Co-ordination Centre (MRCC) Port Blair received an unregistered DAT (Distress Alert Transmitter) alert around Wednesday noon.

As the DAT was unregistered, its data was unavailable with the ICG, hence the details were sought from the fisheries department.&nbsp;

On learning that the said vessel was ‘RSN-TWO’, which left Port Blair earlier&nbsp;in&nbsp;the week for fishing, ICG tasked ship C-422 from Kamorta, besides ship Vishwast and Dornier aircraft for&nbsp;Search and Rescue. On locating the boat off Tillanchong island and establishing contact, early on Thursday, it was learnt that the boat had machinery failure.&nbsp;

AN ICG team that boarded the distressed vessel provided basic necessities and first aid, following which&nbsp;attempts were made to rectify the defect.

Due to the non-availability of specific spares the on-site repair was not possible, also considering the&nbsp;inclement weather conditions, the distressed vessel was towed for passage to Kamorta, by ICGS Vishwast.

<a href="https://www.wionews.com/india-news/drone-spotted-inside-indian-mission-in-islamabad-matter-raised-395299">Also Read |&nbsp;Drone spotted inside Indian mission in Islamabad; matter raised</a>

Jointly&nbsp;developed&nbsp;by the&nbsp;Indian&nbsp;Space Research Organization(ISRO) and&nbsp;Indian&nbsp;Coast Guard, the DAT(Distress Alert Transponder) is a low-cost and effective satellite transmitter built for fishermen.&nbsp;

At&nbsp;a press of a button, this device transmits distress alerts to the&nbsp;Search and Rescue Authorities through the&nbsp;INSAT series of&nbsp;satellites. The&nbsp;Indian&nbsp;Coast Guard has been emphasizing that fishermen must carry the DAT device and also register it for effective, timely&nbsp;search and rescue.

The&nbsp;Indian&nbsp;National Satellite (INSAT) system is one of the largest domestic communication satellite systems&nbsp;in the Asia-Pacific region with multiple operational communication&nbsp;satellites&nbsp;placed&nbsp;in&nbsp;Geo-stationary orbit. Established&nbsp;in&nbsp;1983 with the commissioning of&nbsp;INSAT-1B, it&nbsp;initiated a major revolution&nbsp;in&nbsp;India’s communications sector and sustained the same later.

According to ISRO, the&nbsp;INSAT system with more than 200 transponders&nbsp;in&nbsp;the C, Extended C and Ku-bands provides services to telecommunications, television broadcasting, satellite news-gathering, societal applications, weather forecasting, disaster warning and&nbsp;Search and Rescue operations.

In an air-sea coordinated operation, the Indian Coast Guard(ICG) rescued a distressed fishing vessel ‘RSN-TWO’ and its seven crew, on Thursday. The vessel was off Tillanchong Island, nearly 350 Km south of Port Blair.

In an air-sea coordinated operation, the Indian Coast Guard(ICG) rescued a distressed fishing vessel ‘RSN-TWO’ and its seven crew, on Thursday. The vessel was off Tillanchong Island, nearly 350 Km south of Port Blair. This mission highlighted the significance of a home-grown satellite communication device that helps fishermen in distress, by alerting the concerned authorities. The Maritime Rescue Co-ordination Centre (MRCC) Port Blair received an unregistered DAT (Distress Alert Transmitter) alert around Wednesday noon. As the DAT was unregistered, its data was unavailable with the ICG, hence the details were sought from the fisheries department. On learning that the said vessel was ‘RSN-TWO’, which left Port Blair earlier in the week for fishing, ICG tasked ship C-422 from Kamorta, besides ship Vishwast and Dornier aircraft for Search and Rescue. On locating the boat off Tillanchong island and establishing contact, early on Thursday, it was learnt that the boat had machinery failure. AN ICG team that boarded the distressed vessel provided basic necessities and first aid, following which attempts were made to rectify the defect. Due to the non-availability of specific spares the on-site repair was not possible, also considering the inclement weather conditions, the distressed vessel was towed for passage to Kamorta, by ICGS Vishwast. Also Read | Drone spotted inside Indian mission in Islamabad; matter raised Jointly developed by the Indian Space Research Organization(ISRO) and Indian Coast Guard, the DAT(Distress Alert Transponder) is a low-cost and effective satellite transmitter built for fishermen. At a press of a button, this device transmits distress alerts to the Search and Rescue Authorities through the INSAT series of satellites. The Indian Coast Guard has been emphasizing that fishermen must carry the DAT device and also register it for effective, timely search and rescue. The Indian National Satellite (INSAT) system is one of the largest domestic communication satellite systems in the Asia-Pacific region with multiple operational communication satellites placed in Geo-stationary orbit. Established in 1983 with the commissioning of INSAT-1B, it initiated a major revolution in India’s communications sector and sustained the same later. According to ISRO, the INSAT system with more than 200 transponders in the C, Extended C and Ku-bands provides services to telecommunications, television broadcasting, satellite news-gathering, societal applications, weather forecasting, disaster warning and Search and Rescue operations.

ISRO-ICG developed tech, Indian satellites prove crucial in saving lives at sea

The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) is actively repurposing existing resources, scaling up production capacity of their facilities and also transferring technology&nbsp;to aid the country’s fight against the severe second wave of COVID-19. In an exclusive conversation with Zee Media, Dr. K. Sivan, Chairman, ISRO elaborated on how the premier space agency’s facilities across the country have been contributing to India's fight against Covid.

According to Dr. K. Sivan, ISRO is no exception to the prevalent Covid situation across the country and their staff across facilities are infected, thus affecting the pace of their activities. However, he says that the organisation is doing the best possible amid the crisis and helping in every possible manner.&nbsp;

The Indian Government-run space agency has been providing liquid oxygen to state governments in Kerala, Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh&nbsp;from their manufacturing facilities or from existing stock. It is important to note that liquid oxygen, known as (Lox) in the aerospace and science parlance, is a crucial resource for any modern space agency, as it is used as an oxidiser in cryogenic engines that power large rockets.

ISRO Propulsion Complex (IPRC) in Mahendragiri, Tamil Nadu, which is responsible for the production of cryogenic fuels has been supplying liquid oxygen to the state governments in Tamil Nadu and adjoining Kerala.&nbsp;

“IPRC has supplied over 150 tonnes of Lox to Kerala and Tamil Nadu Governments since 24th April and continues to do so. Our daily production capacity is 2.5 tonnes, but we have progressively scaled up to 11 tonnes per day by working round-the-clock with more staff. Around 20 tonnes of Lox stored at our spaceport in Sriharikota, Andhra Pradesh has also been provided to the state government” Dr. Sivan said.&nbsp;

Cryogenic fuels, as the name suggests, have to be stored at very low temperatures. As far as ISRO’s rockets are concerned their cryogenic engines are fuelled by liquid hydrogen, where oxygen serves as an oxidiser. Globally, Kerosene, methane are also used as rocket fuels, along with liquid oxygen as the oxidiser. ISRO has already developed ISROsene (rocket grade Kerosene) to power its future semi-cryogenic engines and their teams are working on using methane to power rockets.&nbsp;

ISRO has also provided the large capacity fuel tanks at their facilities to be repurposed and used as stores of liquid oxygen in various states. These tanks serve as a hub for mass storage of liquid oxygen, following which they can be distributed to the healthcare facilities in the region.&nbsp;

“Our Space Applications Center in Ahmedabad has nitrogen storage tanks with a capacity of 40,000 litres and 1 lakh litres, they were made suitable for storing Oxygen and the Gujarat government has been utilising them. Similarly, at the UR Rao Satellite Center in Bengaluru, we are ready to convert our large storage tanks for Lox storage. The Lox supplies we had in Chandigarh also have been provided to the government” Dr. Sivan added.&nbsp;

The pandemic has impacted ISRO’s mission schedule for 2021 and subsequent projects, with a good number staff (as possible, based on roles) working from home, as per government guidelines and lockdowns at the state level. Despite the pandemic-induced challenges faced by the agency, they are also working on transferring technology of oxygen Concentrators and ventilators developed in-house, to Indian industry for mass manufacture, which will help serve the nation’s needs.&nbsp;

Earlier this year in its maiden launch, in February, ISRO had launched a Brazilian satellite Amazonia-1 on a commercial arrangement. ISRO is expected to launch GISAT-1 an advanced Earth Observation satellite in the coming months, whereas the first unmanned trial of the ambitious Gaganyaan (human spaceflight) mission has been originally scheduled for the end of the year.&nbsp;India’s third moon mission Chandrayaan-3 had also been originally slated for launch by mid-2022.

The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) is actively repurposing existing resources, scaling up production capacity of their facilities and also transferring technology to aid the country’s fight against the severe second wave of COVID-19.

The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) is actively repurposing existing resources, scaling up production capacity of their facilities and also transferring technology to aid the country’s fight against the severe second wave of COVID-19. In an exclusive conversation with Zee Media, Dr. K. Sivan, Chairman, ISRO elaborated on how the premier space agency’s facilities across the country have been contributing to India's fight against Covid. According to Dr. K. Sivan, ISRO is no exception to the prevalent Covid situation across the country and their staff across facilities are infected, thus affecting the pace of their activities. However, he says that the organisation is doing the best possible amid the crisis and helping in every possible manner. The Indian Government-run space agency has been providing liquid oxygen to state governments in Kerala, Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh from their manufacturing facilities or from existing stock. It is important to note that liquid oxygen, known as (Lox) in the aerospace and science parlance, is a crucial resource for any modern space agency, as it is used as an oxidiser in cryogenic engines that power large rockets. ISRO Propulsion Complex (IPRC) in Mahendragiri, Tamil Nadu, which is responsible for the production of cryogenic fuels has been supplying liquid oxygen to the state governments in Tamil Nadu and adjoining Kerala. “IPRC has supplied over 150 tonnes of Lox to Kerala and Tamil Nadu Governments since 24th April and continues to do so. Our daily production capacity is 2.5 tonnes, but we have progressively scaled up to 11 tonnes per day by working round-the-clock with more staff. Around 20 tonnes of Lox stored at our spaceport in Sriharikota, Andhra Pradesh has also been provided to the state government” Dr. Sivan said. Cryogenic fuels, as the name suggests, have to be stored at very low temperatures. As far as ISRO’s rockets are concerned their cryogenic engines are fuelled by liquid hydrogen, where oxygen serves as an oxidiser. Globally, Kerosene, methane are also used as rocket fuels, along with liquid oxygen as the oxidiser. ISRO has already developed ISROsene (rocket grade Kerosene) to power its future semi-cryogenic engines and their teams are working on using methane to power rockets. ISRO has also provided the large capacity fuel tanks at their facilities to be repurposed and used as stores of liquid oxygen in various states. These tanks serve as a hub for mass storage of liquid oxygen, following which they can be distributed to the healthcare facilities in the region. “Our Space Applications Center in Ahmedabad has nitrogen storage tanks with a capacity of 40,000 litres and 1 lakh litres, they were made suitable for storing Oxygen and the Gujarat government has been utilising them. Similarly, at the UR Rao Satellite Center in Bengaluru, we are ready to convert our large storage tanks for Lox storage. The Lox supplies we had in Chandigarh also have been provided to the government” Dr. Sivan added. The pandemic has impacted ISRO’s mission schedule for 2021 and subsequent projects, with a good number staff (as possible, based on roles) working from home, as per government guidelines and lockdowns at the state level. Despite the pandemic-induced challenges faced by the agency, they are also working on transferring technology of oxygen Concentrators and ventilators developed in-house, to Indian industry for mass manufacture, which will help serve the nation’s needs. Earlier this year in its maiden launch, in February, ISRO had launched a Brazilian satellite Amazonia-1 on a commercial arrangement. ISRO is expected to launch GISAT-1 an advanced Earth Observation satellite in the coming months, whereas the first unmanned trial of the ambitious Gaganyaan (human spaceflight) mission has been originally scheduled for the end of the year. India’s third moon mission Chandrayaan-3 had also been originally slated for launch by mid-2022.

From liquid oxygen to O2 concentrators, here’s how ISRO is aiding India’s COVID-19 battle

In this year's first lift-off of the Indian space, research origination launched Brazil's primary satellite Amazonia-1. The Satellite onboard the polar satellite launch vehicle C-51 with 18 co-passenger satellites has been launched from Satish Dhawan space center in Sriharikota.

Brazil's primary satellite Amazonia-1 Satellite launches from ISRO, India

An Indian rocket is set to soon launch a Brazilian satellite for the first time from Sriharikota spaceport on Sunday. It's also Indian Space Research Organisation's (ISRO) first launch of 2021.

Subject to weather conditions, the blast-off is scheduled at 10.24 hours from Satish Dhawan Space Centre (SDSC) SHAR, Sriharikota, where countdown commenced at 08.54 hours on Saturday for the PSLV-C51/Amazonia-1 mission.

PSLV-C51 rocket, which is the 53rd mission of PSLV (Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle), will launch Amazonia-1 of Brazil as primary satellite and 18 co-passenger payloads from the first launch pad of the Sriharikota spaceport in Andhra Pradesh's Nellore district, about 100 km from Chennai.

These co-passenger satellites include Satish Dhawan Sat (SD SAT) from Chennai-based Space Kidz India (SKI).&nbsp;

A picture of Prime Minister Narendra Modi has been engraved on the top panel of this spacecraft. It's also a big day for Bengaluru-headquartered ISRO's commercial arm NewSpace India Limited (NSIL).

PSLV-C51/Amazonia-1 is the first dedicated commercial mission of NSIL, which is undertaking it under a commercial arrangement with Seattle, US-based satellite rideshare and mission management provider, Spaceflight Inc.

The 637-kg Amazonia-1, which will be the first Brazilian satellite to be launched from India, is the optical earth observation satellite of National Institute for Space Research (INPE).

"This satellite would further strengthen the existing structure by providing remote sensing data to users for monitoring deforestation in the Amazon region and analysis of diversified agriculture across the Brazilian territory," an ISRO statement said.

In view of the strict COVID-19 pandemic norms in place at SDSC SHAR, Sriharikota, gathering of media personnel is not planned there and launch viewing gallery will be closed. However, the live telecast of the launch will be available on ISRO website, Youtube, Facebook and Twitter channels.

The 18 co-passenger satellites are: four from ISRO's Indian National Space Promotion and Authorisation Centre (three UNITYsats from consortium of three Indian academic institutes and the SD SAT from SKI) and 14 from NSIL.

(with inputs)

An Indian rocket is set to soon launch a Brazilian satellite for the first time from Sriharikota spaceport on Sunday. It's also Indian Space Research Organisation's (ISRO) first launch of 2021.

An Indian rocket is set to soon launch a Brazilian satellite for the first time from Sriharikota spaceport on Sunday. It's also Indian Space Research Organisation's (ISRO) first launch of 2021. Subject to weather conditions, the blast-off is scheduled at 10.24 hours from Satish Dhawan Space Centre (SDSC) SHAR, Sriharikota, where countdown commenced at 08.54 hours on Saturday for the PSLV-C51/Amazonia-1 mission. PSLV-C51 rocket, which is the 53rd mission of PSLV (Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle), will launch Amazonia-1 of Brazil as primary satellite and 18 co-passenger payloads from the first launch pad of the Sriharikota spaceport in Andhra Pradesh's Nellore district, about 100 km from Chennai. These co-passenger satellites include Satish Dhawan Sat (SD SAT) from Chennai-based Space Kidz India (SKI). A picture of Prime Minister Narendra Modi has been engraved on the top panel of this spacecraft. It's also a big day for Bengaluru-headquartered ISRO's commercial arm NewSpace India Limited (NSIL). PSLV-C51/Amazonia-1 is the first dedicated commercial mission of NSIL, which is undertaking it under a commercial arrangement with Seattle, US-based satellite rideshare and mission management provider, Spaceflight Inc. The 637-kg Amazonia-1, which will be the first Brazilian satellite to be launched from India, is the optical earth observation satellite of National Institute for Space Research (INPE). "This satellite would further strengthen the existing structure by providing remote sensing data to users for monitoring deforestation in the Amazon region and analysis of diversified agriculture across the Brazilian territory," an ISRO statement said. In view of the strict COVID-19 pandemic norms in place at SDSC SHAR, Sriharikota, gathering of media personnel is not planned there and launch viewing gallery will be closed. However, the live telecast of the launch will be available on ISRO website, Youtube, Facebook and Twitter channels. The 18 co-passenger satellites are: four from ISRO's Indian National Space Promotion and Authorisation Centre (three UNITYsats from consortium of three Indian academic institutes and the SD SAT from SKI) and 14 from NSIL. (with inputs)

Countdown begins for ISRO's first mission in 2021

Chandrayaan-3, India's third mission to Moon, is likely to be launched in 2022, ISRO chief K Sivan has said.

Unlike its predecessor, Chandrayaan-3 will not have an orbiter.

Several projects of the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) including Chandrayaan-3, which was scheduled to be launched in late 2020, and Gaganyaan, the country's first manned space mission, were hit by the pandemic-induced lockdown.

Chandrayaan-2, aimed at landing a rover on unchartered Lunar South Pole, was launched on July 22, 2019 on board the country's most powerful geosynchronous launch vehicle. However, the lander Vikram hard-landed on September 7, 2019, crashing India's dream to become the first nation to successfully land on the lunar surface in its maiden attempt.

Chandrayaan-3 is critical for ISRO as it will demonstrate India's capabilities to make landing for further interplanetary missions.

ISRO is targetting December to launch the first unmanned mission under the Gaganyaan project. The mission was originally scheduled to launch in December last year.

It will be followed by another unmanned mission and the third leg is the main module.

Gaganyaan envisages to send three Indians to space by 2022. The four test pilots selected for the mission are currently undergoing training in Russia.

Chandrayaan-3, India's third mission to Moon, is likely to be launched in 2022, ISRO chief K Sivan has said. Unlike its predecessor, Chandrayaan-3 will not have an orbiter.

Chandrayaan-3, India's third mission to Moon, is likely to be launched in 2022, ISRO chief K Sivan has said. Unlike its predecessor, Chandrayaan-3 will not have an orbiter. Several projects of the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) including Chandrayaan-3, which was scheduled to be launched in late 2020, and Gaganyaan, the country's first manned space mission, were hit by the pandemic-induced lockdown. Chandrayaan-2, aimed at landing a rover on unchartered Lunar South Pole, was launched on July 22, 2019 on board the country's most powerful geosynchronous launch vehicle. However, the lander Vikram hard-landed on September 7, 2019, crashing India's dream to become the first nation to successfully land on the lunar surface in its maiden attempt. Chandrayaan-3 is critical for ISRO as it will demonstrate India's capabilities to make landing for further interplanetary missions. ISRO is targetting December to launch the first unmanned mission under the Gaganyaan project. The mission was originally scheduled to launch in December last year. It will be followed by another unmanned mission and the third leg is the main module. Gaganyaan envisages to send three Indians to space by 2022. The four test pilots selected for the mission are currently undergoing training in Russia.

Chandrayaan-3 launch delayed further to 2022

It has somewhat become a ritual in foreign space agencies to carry the names of common people on-board satellites that are undertaking ambitious missions. Now, this trend is being kickstarted in India, by Chennai-based SpaceKidz, that will be launching their SD Sat (an experimental communication satellite)&nbsp;on-board ISRO’s PSLV-C51 rocket in early 2021.&nbsp;

Satish Dhawan Satellite (SD Sat) is a 30x10x10cm cuboid, which is being launched into orbit to study space radiation, the magnetosphere and most importantly to demonstrate the indigenously designed and developed nanosatellite components, in line with Indian government's Aatmanirbhar Bharat (Self-reliant India) policy. The satellite is named after Prof. Satish Dhawan, a former ISRO chairman and among the pioneers of space technology in India.&nbsp;

This miniature spacecraft would also test the capabilities of LoRa (Long range) technology in space which could be helpful for many applications in the future in short and M2M (machine-to-machine) communication. LoRa is a long-range, low-power wireless radio frequency technology that has become a common platform for the Internet of Things (IoT) networks worldwide.&nbsp;

According to Dr. Srimathy Kesan, Founder and CEO of SpaceKidz India, this satellite is their most ambitious yet and the first one that would have propulsion of its own. It is important to note that SpaceKidz earlier satellites were maintained in orbit on board PS4 (final and fourth stage) of the PSLV rocket for up to 6 months after launch. But SD Sat would fly on its own like the larger satellites and is expected to have a mission life of two years.&nbsp;

While their satellite would be primarily using Frequency-shift keying (FSK) to transmit data back to earth, LoRa would be the secondary. Experimenting with LoRa would help them study the feasibility of using LoRa in ground communications for industrial purposes.&nbsp;

“SD Sat (30x10x10cm)is a significant step for our 10-member team of college students, because so far we’ve only done 10cm cubes. The satellite fabrication is underway and it will be handed over to ISRO within three weeks from now. The important aspect of this mission is to establish communication with the satellite from our ground station in Chennai” she told Zee Media.

When asked about the idea of sending names of common people to space, she said it was an initiative to create awareness, generate curiosity and to get more people fascinated about space science, which many still perceive as inaccessible.&nbsp;

“We’ve shared a link on our website where people can enter their names (by Jan 3rd), we’ll compile the list and put the names on a memory card that’ll be on-board the satellite. Everyone who registered their name will get a boarding pass”, she added.&nbsp;

As a goodwill gesture, SpaceKidz team had also shared a similar boarding pass with India’s Prime Minister Narendra Modi when they had virtually interacted with him the previous week.&nbsp; 
&nbsp;

It has somewhat become a ritual in foreign space agencies to carry the names of common people on-board satellites that are undertaking ambitious missions. Now, this trend is being kickstarted in India, by Chennai-based SpaceKidz, that will be launching their SD Sat (an experimental communication satellite) on-board ISRO’s PSLV-C51 rocket in early 2021.

It has somewhat become a ritual in foreign space agencies to carry the names of common people on-board satellites that are undertaking ambitious missions. Now, this trend is being kickstarted in India, by Chennai-based SpaceKidz, that will be launching their SD Sat (an experimental communication satellite) on-board ISRO’s PSLV-C51 rocket in early 2021. Satish Dhawan Satellite (SD Sat) is a 30x10x10cm cuboid, which is being launched into orbit to study space radiation, the magnetosphere and most importantly to demonstrate the indigenously designed and developed nanosatellite components, in line with Indian government's Aatmanirbhar Bharat (Self-reliant India) policy. The satellite is named after Prof. Satish Dhawan, a former ISRO chairman and among the pioneers of space technology in India. This miniature spacecraft would also test the capabilities of LoRa (Long range) technology in space which could be helpful for many applications in the future in short and M2M (machine-to-machine) communication. LoRa is a long-range, low-power wireless radio frequency technology that has become a common platform for the Internet of Things (IoT) networks worldwide. According to Dr. Srimathy Kesan, Founder and CEO of SpaceKidz India, this satellite is their most ambitious yet and the first one that would have propulsion of its own. It is important to note that SpaceKidz earlier satellites were maintained in orbit on board PS4 (final and fourth stage) of the PSLV rocket for up to 6 months after launch. But SD Sat would fly on its own like the larger satellites and is expected to have a mission life of two years. While their satellite would be primarily using Frequency-shift keying (FSK) to transmit data back to earth, LoRa would be the secondary. Experimenting with LoRa would help them study the feasibility of using LoRa in ground communications for industrial purposes. “SD Sat (30x10x10cm)is a significant step for our 10-member team of college students, because so far we’ve only done 10cm cubes. The satellite fabrication is underway and it will be handed over to ISRO within three weeks from now. The important aspect of this mission is to establish communication with the satellite from our ground station in Chennai” she told Zee Media. When asked about the idea of sending names of common people to space, she said it was an initiative to create awareness, generate curiosity and to get more people fascinated about space science, which many still perceive as inaccessible. “We’ve shared a link on our website where people can enter their names (by Jan 3rd), we’ll compile the list and put the names on a memory card that’ll be on-board the satellite. Everyone who registered their name will get a boarding pass”, she added. As a goodwill gesture, SpaceKidz team had also shared a similar boarding pass with India’s Prime Minister Narendra Modi when they had virtually interacted with him the previous week.

This Indian communication satellite will carry your name to space at no cost

The new satellite will enhance the country’s communication networks and aid in e-learning, tele-medicine, and disaster management services.

ISRO successfully launches CMS-01 satellite; Likely to boost Disaster management, net connectivity

ISRO successfully launched its latest earth observation satellite (EOS-01), as well as nine satellites from customer nations from the Satish Dhawan Space Centre in Sriharikota.

ISRO successfully launched 10 satellites simultaneously

The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) is working towards launching its new rocket 'Small Satellite Launch Vehicle (SSLV)' before December 2020, a senior official said.

Necessary tests to check its biggest motor will be done in November.

According to IANS, the SSLV launch will be from the first launch pad at Sriharikota rocket port after the flight of Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle C49 (PSLV C49). Post PSLV C49's flight, the launch pad set up has to be reconfigured to suit SSLV.

Sometime next month PSLV C49 will fly with about 10 satellites. The rocket will be carrying India's RISAT-2BR2 and other commercial satellites. It will be followed by PSLV C50 with the GSAT-12R satellite in December. The rocket is being assembled at Sriharikota with various systems coming from different centres. It will fly from the second launch pad, Somanath said.

From the drawing board to launch pad the time taken is only about two-and-half years. The SSLV is a three stage/engine rocket all powered by solid fuel.

The 34-metre rocket will have a liftoff mass of 120 tons. The rocket has the capability for multiple satellite launches at different orbits. The SSLV can carry a 500 kg payload for low earth orbit (LEO) and 300 kg for sun-synchronous orbit (SSO).

The development cost of the rocket is about Rs 120 crore.

The new miniaturised telemetry system developed for SSLV has achieved 70 per cent mass reduction in the telemetry package.

The developmental cost of SSLV is low and only the third stage of the PSLV rocket has been adopted for the new rocket.

The per kg cost of launching a satellite will be similar to that of ISRO's other rocket PSLV.

The first payload for SSLV has already been booked and some more payloads are being looked at as the rocket has a capacity to carry up to 500 kg.

According to ISRO, the first satellite to be carried by SSLV will be 142 kg Mircrosat-2A to demonstrate launch on demand capability. The satellite is expected to meet the ever-increasing user demands for cartographic applications at cadastral level, urban and rural management, coastal land use and regulation, utilities mapping, development and various other geographic information system (GIS) applications.

(with inputs)

The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) is working towards launching its new rocket 'Small Satellite Launch Vehicle (SSLV)' before December 2020, a senior official said.

The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) is working towards launching its new rocket 'Small Satellite Launch Vehicle (SSLV)' before December 2020, a senior official said. Necessary tests to check its biggest motor will be done in November. According to IANS, the SSLV launch will be from the first launch pad at Sriharikota rocket port after the flight of Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle C49 (PSLV C49). Post PSLV C49's flight, the launch pad set up has to be reconfigured to suit SSLV. Sometime next month PSLV C49 will fly with about 10 satellites. The rocket will be carrying India's RISAT-2BR2 and other commercial satellites. It will be followed by PSLV C50 with the GSAT-12R satellite in December. The rocket is being assembled at Sriharikota with various systems coming from different centres. It will fly from the second launch pad, Somanath said. From the drawing board to launch pad the time taken is only about two-and-half years. The SSLV is a three stage/engine rocket all powered by solid fuel. The 34-metre rocket will have a liftoff mass of 120 tons. The rocket has the capability for multiple satellite launches at different orbits. The SSLV can carry a 500 kg payload for low earth orbit (LEO) and 300 kg for sun-synchronous orbit (SSO). The development cost of the rocket is about Rs 120 crore. The new miniaturised telemetry system developed for SSLV has achieved 70 per cent mass reduction in the telemetry package. The developmental cost of SSLV is low and only the third stage of the PSLV rocket has been adopted for the new rocket. The per kg cost of launching a satellite will be similar to that of ISRO's other rocket PSLV. The first payload for SSLV has already been booked and some more payloads are being looked at as the rocket has a capacity to carry up to 500 kg. According to ISRO, the first satellite to be carried by SSLV will be 142 kg Mircrosat-2A to demonstrate launch on demand capability. The satellite is expected to meet the ever-increasing user demands for cartographic applications at cadastral level, urban and rural management, coastal land use and regulation, utilities mapping, development and various other geographic information system (GIS) applications. (with inputs)

ISRO plans to launch new rocket before December 2020

The Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) marked five years of the lunch of AstroSat, which is India’s first multi-wavelength mission, which was launched from Sriharikota spaceport on 28th September 2018. The satellite is being operated as a proposal-based observatory, covering a wide band ranging from Ultraviolet(UV) to high energy X-rays.&nbsp;

While a vast majority of ISRO’s satellites are meant to serve purposes like communication, surveillance, imagery, remote sensing etc. A handful of missions/satellites are purely for exploring and helping understand unexplored sciences. Such missions are Chandrayaan, Mangalyaan and AstroSat.

Also read:&nbsp;<a href="http://13.235.153.162/india-news/with-isro-assistance-indias-skyroot-aerospace-aims-maiden-rocket-launch-by-dec-2021-320835" hreflang="en">With ISRO assistance, India’s Skyroot Aerospace aims maiden rocket launch by Dec-2021</a>

ISRO says that the unique observation capability of AstroSat in this wide band makes it one of the major space science observatories in the world. According to the Indian Space agency, AstroSat was also the mission which led to the discovery of one of the earliest galaxies in extreme Ultraviolet light, marking a major breakthrough. Called AUDFs01, this galaxy is said to be 9.3 billion light years away from earth.&nbsp;

The discovery was made by an international team of astronomers led by Dr. Kanak Saha, at the Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics (IUCAA), Pune. This team was comprised of scientists from India, Switzerland, France, USA, Japan and Netherlands.&nbsp;

Speaking at a virtual event, to mark five years of AstroSat, R. Umamaheswaran, Scientific Secretary, ISRO said that the data generated from the AstroSat mission has been shared with over 1500 users across 43 countries, hailing the mission as an ‘international success’. “AstroSat was launched into a unique circular orbit, with low incline of 6 degrees and five of its payloads can function simultaneously” he said.&nbsp;

Chairman ISRO, DR. K.Sivan said that, the study of the universe played a major role in defining research of ISRO and AstroSat has brought us into the big league of space astronomy and provided excellent results. He added that the satellite had served its mission life of five years, with all five on-board equipment in ‘very fine’ condition and that it would continue to serve for years to come.&nbsp;

Also read:&nbsp;<a href="http://13.235.153.162/india-news/chandrayaan-2-mapping-lunar-surface-as-per-mission-plan-isro-315205" hreflang="en">Chandrayaan-2 mapping lunar surface as per mission plan: ISRO</a>

Referring to AstroSat as a multi-agency mission, Dr.Sivan elaborated that academia and R&amp;D institutions had worked in the engineering and testing phase of this project.&nbsp;

Speaking of ISRO’s ‘big future plans’ in space exploration and science, he said, that Exposat and Aditya L-1 were upcoming missions which would open exciting possibilities. While Exposat was meant to study X-ray polarisation from cosmic sources, it would also be the first polarimetric mission after half a century, Sivan added. Aditya L-1 is a mission that was slated for launch by mid-2020, the scientific objective of the mission was to study the Sun.&nbsp;

“There are exciting possibilities - missions to detect Eletromagnetic counterparts of gravitational events, to study atmospheric composition of rocky planets and discovery of all life forms outside our solar system” he said. He urged the scientific community to use the scientific data and research to the maximum extent and also indicate the importance of generating future Human Resources by involving school students.&nbsp;

Thus far, in 2020 ISRO has not had any launches owing to the pandemic-induced lockdowns and logistical challenges etc. ISRO officials have said that 4 satellites are ready for launch, namely -&nbsp;&nbsp;GISAT-1, Microsat 2-A, GSAT-12R and RISAT-2BR2.&nbsp;

The Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) marked five years of the lunch of AstroSat, which is India’s first multi-wavelength mission, which was launched from Sriharikota spaceport on 28th September 2018.

The Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) marked five years of the lunch of AstroSat, which is India’s first multi-wavelength mission, which was launched from Sriharikota spaceport on 28th September 2018. The satellite is being operated as a proposal-based observatory, covering a wide band ranging from Ultraviolet(UV) to high energy X-rays. While a vast majority of ISRO’s satellites are meant to serve purposes like communication, surveillance, imagery, remote sensing etc. A handful of missions/satellites are purely for exploring and helping understand unexplored sciences. Such missions are Chandrayaan, Mangalyaan and AstroSat. Also read: With ISRO assistance, India’s Skyroot Aerospace aims maiden rocket launch by Dec-2021 ISRO says that the unique observation capability of AstroSat in this wide band makes it one of the major space science observatories in the world. According to the Indian Space agency, AstroSat was also the mission which led to the discovery of one of the earliest galaxies in extreme Ultraviolet light, marking a major breakthrough. Called AUDFs01, this galaxy is said to be 9.3 billion light years away from earth. The discovery was made by an international team of astronomers led by Dr. Kanak Saha, at the Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics (IUCAA), Pune. This team was comprised of scientists from India, Switzerland, France, USA, Japan and Netherlands. Speaking at a virtual event, to mark five years of AstroSat, R. Umamaheswaran, Scientific Secretary, ISRO said that the data generated from the AstroSat mission has been shared with over 1500 users across 43 countries, hailing the mission as an ‘international success’. “AstroSat was launched into a unique circular orbit, with low incline of 6 degrees and five of its payloads can function simultaneously” he said. Chairman ISRO, DR. K.Sivan said that, the study of the universe played a major role in defining research of ISRO and AstroSat has brought us into the big league of space astronomy and provided excellent results. He added that the satellite had served its mission life of five years, with all five on-board equipment in ‘very fine’ condition and that it would continue to serve for years to come. Also read: Chandrayaan-2 mapping lunar surface as per mission plan: ISRO Referring to AstroSat as a multi-agency mission, Dr.Sivan elaborated that academia and R&D institutions had worked in the engineering and testing phase of this project. Speaking of ISRO’s ‘big future plans’ in space exploration and science, he said, that Exposat and Aditya L-1 were upcoming missions which would open exciting possibilities. While Exposat was meant to study X-ray polarisation from cosmic sources, it would also be the first polarimetric mission after half a century, Sivan added. Aditya L-1 is a mission that was slated for launch by mid-2020, the scientific objective of the mission was to study the Sun. “There are exciting possibilities - missions to detect Eletromagnetic counterparts of gravitational events, to study atmospheric composition of rocky planets and discovery of all life forms outside our solar system” he said. He urged the scientific community to use the scientific data and research to the maximum extent and also indicate the importance of generating future Human Resources by involving school students. Thus far, in 2020 ISRO has not had any launches owing to the pandemic-induced lockdowns and logistical challenges etc. ISRO officials have said that 4 satellites are ready for launch, namely - GISAT-1, Microsat 2-A, GSAT-12R and RISAT-2BR2.

ISRO marks 5 years of Space Observatory - AstroSat; More science missions in anvil

On the occasion of the birth anniversary of Prof. Satish Dhawan, a pioneer who spearheaded ISRO's efforts as the organisation’s second Chairman, an Indian space startup has unveiled their indigenously developed cryogenic engine - Dhawan-I. This cryogenic engine is meant to fuel the upper stage of their rocket Vikram -II.

The company, Skyroot Aerospace has already tested a solid-fueled engine, but the cryogenic engine is even more significant because of the extreme complexity in the technology and the handling of its fuels. A cryogenic engine uses liquid fuel and an oxidizer that is maintained at extremely cold temperatures. Cryogenic is a generic term that can be used to describe temperatures below -150 degrees Celsius. Such engines are used in the uppermost stages of rockets, which are used for propulsion in space.&nbsp;

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/india-news/with-isro-assistance-indias-skyroot-aerospace-aims-maiden-rocket-launch-by-dec-2021-320835">With ISRO assistance, India’s Skyroot Aerospace aims maiden rocket launch by Dec-2021</a>

A typical rocket consists of two or more stages, each of which would have its own engines(either single or packed in a cluster). Simply put, a rocket is a combination of multiple engines(stages) that are vertically stacked.&nbsp;Skyroot Aerospace has revealed that their cryogenic engine would be powered by Liquid Natural gas as fuel(LNG) &amp; Liquid Oxygen as oxidizer (LoX).&nbsp;

“This engine is India’s first fully Cryogenic engine running on futuristic fuel LNG,” said V. Gnanagandhi an ex-ISRO scientist &amp; Padmashri awardee who is the Sr. Vice President at Skyroot, leading their Cryogenic propulsion team.

It is said that LNG being used comprises of over 90% methane gas, thus making it a clean-burning, low-cost, highly re-usable field which is suited for long-duration space missions.&nbsp;

Pawan Kumar Chandana, CEO of Skyroot Aerospace says that their team has successfully completed many tests to check the fuel flow and structural integrity. He added that they were building a dedicated test facility for hot-fire testing of this engine.&nbsp;

“Dhawan-I is a 100% 3D Printed cryogenic engine with regenerative cooling,” says Naga Bharath Daka, COO. Regenerative cooling refers to a configuration where, some or all of the propellant is passed through tubes, channels, or in a jacket around the combustion chamber or nozzle to cool the engine. This is effective because the fuel (and sometimes the oxidizer) are good coolants. The heated propellant is then fed into a special gas generator or injected directly into the main combustion chamber.

While the company has successfully tested the upper-most stage engine of its first rocket Vikram-I, the initial stage engines of Vikram-I are being manufactured. If all goes well, the company is looking forward to a maiden launch of Vikram-I by December 2021, with the support and guidance of the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). The cryogenic engine won’t see action in Vikram-I and is meant for their bigger rocket Vikram-II.&nbsp;

In terms of payload capacity, Vikram I is meant to lift 225 kg to 500 km Sun Synchronous Polar Orbit (SSPO) and 315 kg to 45º inclination 500 km Low Earth Orbit (LEO). Vikram II is designed for 410 kg to 500 km SSPO and 520 kg to 45º inclination 500 km LEO. In the case of Vikram III, we are looking at 580 kg to 500 km SSPO and 720 kg to 45º inclination 500 km LEO.&nbsp; 
&nbsp;

On the occasion of the birth anniversary of Prof. Satish Dhawan, a pioneer who spearheaded ISRO's efforts as the organisation’s second Chairman, an Indian space startup has unveiled their indigenously developed cryogenic engine - Dhawan-I.

On the occasion of the birth anniversary of Prof. Satish Dhawan, a pioneer who spearheaded ISRO's efforts as the organisation’s second Chairman, an Indian space startup has unveiled their indigenously developed cryogenic engine - Dhawan-I. This cryogenic engine is meant to fuel the upper stage of their rocket Vikram -II. The company, Skyroot Aerospace has already tested a solid-fueled engine, but the cryogenic engine is even more significant because of the extreme complexity in the technology and the handling of its fuels. A cryogenic engine uses liquid fuel and an oxidizer that is maintained at extremely cold temperatures. Cryogenic is a generic term that can be used to describe temperatures below -150 degrees Celsius. Such engines are used in the uppermost stages of rockets, which are used for propulsion in space. Also read | With ISRO assistance, India’s Skyroot Aerospace aims maiden rocket launch by Dec-2021 A typical rocket consists of two or more stages, each of which would have its own engines(either single or packed in a cluster). Simply put, a rocket is a combination of multiple engines(stages) that are vertically stacked. Skyroot Aerospace has revealed that their cryogenic engine would be powered by Liquid Natural gas as fuel(LNG) & Liquid Oxygen as oxidizer (LoX). “This engine is India’s first fully Cryogenic engine running on futuristic fuel LNG,” said V. Gnanagandhi an ex-ISRO scientist & Padmashri awardee who is the Sr. Vice President at Skyroot, leading their Cryogenic propulsion team. It is said that LNG being used comprises of over 90% methane gas, thus making it a clean-burning, low-cost, highly re-usable field which is suited for long-duration space missions. Pawan Kumar Chandana, CEO of Skyroot Aerospace says that their team has successfully completed many tests to check the fuel flow and structural integrity. He added that they were building a dedicated test facility for hot-fire testing of this engine. “Dhawan-I is a 100% 3D Printed cryogenic engine with regenerative cooling,” says Naga Bharath Daka, COO. Regenerative cooling refers to a configuration where, some or all of the propellant is passed through tubes, channels, or in a jacket around the combustion chamber or nozzle to cool the engine. This is effective because the fuel (and sometimes the oxidizer) are good coolants. The heated propellant is then fed into a special gas generator or injected directly into the main combustion chamber. While the company has successfully tested the upper-most stage engine of its first rocket Vikram-I, the initial stage engines of Vikram-I are being manufactured. If all goes well, the company is looking forward to a maiden launch of Vikram-I by December 2021, with the support and guidance of the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). The cryogenic engine won’t see action in Vikram-I and is meant for their bigger rocket Vikram-II. In terms of payload capacity, Vikram I is meant to lift 225 kg to 500 km Sun Synchronous Polar Orbit (SSPO) and 315 kg to 45º inclination 500 km Low Earth Orbit (LEO). Vikram II is designed for 410 kg to 500 km SSPO and 520 kg to 45º inclination 500 km LEO. In the case of Vikram III, we are looking at 580 kg to 500 km SSPO and 720 kg to 45º inclination 500 km LEO.

Space startup unveils India’s first privately developed Cryogenic Rocket engine

India's space program has stepped into a new era. Private players can now build and launch satellites with ISRO. It's a step that's no less than a giant leap.

Gravitas: India To Allow Private Players In Space

In an Exclusive Interview to WION, Dr Sivan, Chairman ISRO & Secretary Department of Space shared the vision behind the reforms that are being rolled out and elaborated on the progress of various current and future missions.

WION in conversation with ISRO Chairman Dr K Sivan

To enable the opening-up of space sector for private players and synergise efforts, the Union Cabinet which met on Wednesday, under the leadership of Prime Minister Narendra Modi approved setting up of IN-SPACe (Indian National Space Promotion and Authorization Centre), an extended body meant to supplement the work of Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO).&nbsp;

Calling it a “historic and path-breaking decision which is a departure from the practices of the last 70 years”, Minister of State for Space, Dr Jitendra Singh said that this was a long-term reform aimed at boosting private sector participation in space activities and opening up a new culture.&nbsp;

Stating that this was not just a budgetary or human-resource facilitation, he added that this was an attempt to stop brain-drain. “We train the best Indian minds at our teaching facility in Thiruvananthapuram, they all get 100% job placement and 60-70% get placed abroad with premium institutions. We don’t want to let our best human and non-human assets go unused by our country. We want to put them to optimum use and Make-in India.”

WION had earlier reported about how private players were welcome in India’s Space journey, but ISRO needs an organisational revamp to enhance focus on R&amp;D.

<a href="https://www.wionews.com/india-news/private-players-welcome-in-indias-space-journey-but-isro-needs-an-organizational-revamp-to-focus-on-rd-301484">Also read | Private players welcome in India’s Space journey, but ISRO needs an organisational revamp to focus on R&amp;D</a>

During the cabinet briefing, the minister added that the concept of IN-SPACe has been worked out and that its organisational structure was being decided.&nbsp;

This decision comes after Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman’s announcement in May, that the private sector will be a co-traveller in India’s space journey. The announcement was made as a part of policy reforms to fast-track investment effort towards Atmanirbhar Bharat (self-reliant India).

“Traditionally space activities were working under a shroud of secrecy and space capabilities were limited to a handful of ISRO scientists, but with time, our human resources and expertise in space has improved. We have set a world record by launching 104 satellites, we have done Mangalyaan (mars-mission) and we have training underway for manned-mission Gaganyaan. Chandrayaan-3 is also coming up,” Dr Singh added.&nbsp;

According to a statement, the Indian National Space Promotion and Authorisation Centre (IN-SPACe), is meant to provide a level playing field for private companies to use Indian Space Infrastructure. It will also hand-hold, promote and guide the private industries in space activities through encouraging policies and a friendly regulatory environment.&nbsp;

It added that these reforms will allow ISRO to focus more on Research and Development(R&amp;D) activities, new technologies, exploration missions and human spaceflight programme.&nbsp;

The minister also clarified that the existing body New Space India Limited (NSIL) and the new body IN-SPACe would only supplement ISRO’s functions and not work at cross purposes. He added that this reform would augment India’s Space Commission and warrant the appointment of new roles at the Department of Space.

“ISRO is a basic organisation and the key decisions related to activities, missions and projects would remain with them. We have NSIL to facilitate private participation and IN-SPACe would be working on mechanism of announcement and opportunities for industries by ISRO and meeting the demands the private sector,” Jitendra Singh said.

With the decision to set up IN-SPACe being taken by India’s cabinet, further details are expected to be revealed by ISRO Chairman and Secretary, Department of Space Dr K Sivan, in his media briefing on Thursday.&nbsp;

To enable the opening-up of space sector for private players and synergise efforts, the Union Cabinet which met on Wednesday, under the leadership of Prime Minister Narendra Modi approved setting up of IN-SPACe (Indian National Space Promotion and Authorization Centre), an extended body meant to supplement the work of Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO).

To enable the opening-up of space sector for private players and synergise efforts, the Union Cabinet which met on Wednesday, under the leadership of Prime Minister Narendra Modi approved setting up of IN-SPACe (Indian National Space Promotion and Authorization Centre), an extended body meant to supplement the work of Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO). Calling it a “historic and path-breaking decision which is a departure from the practices of the last 70 years”, Minister of State for Space, Dr Jitendra Singh said that this was a long-term reform aimed at boosting private sector participation in space activities and opening up a new culture. Stating that this was not just a budgetary or human-resource facilitation, he added that this was an attempt to stop brain-drain. “We train the best Indian minds at our teaching facility in Thiruvananthapuram, they all get 100% job placement and 60-70% get placed abroad with premium institutions. We don’t want to let our best human and non-human assets go unused by our country. We want to put them to optimum use and Make-in India.” WION had earlier reported about how private players were welcome in India’s Space journey, but ISRO needs an organisational revamp to enhance focus on R&D. Also read | Private players welcome in India’s Space journey, but ISRO needs an organisational revamp to focus on R&D During the cabinet briefing, the minister added that the concept of IN-SPACe has been worked out and that its organisational structure was being decided. This decision comes after Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman’s announcement in May, that the private sector will be a co-traveller in India’s space journey. The announcement was made as a part of policy reforms to fast-track investment effort towards Atmanirbhar Bharat (self-reliant India). “Traditionally space activities were working under a shroud of secrecy and space capabilities were limited to a handful of ISRO scientists, but with time, our human resources and expertise in space has improved. We have set a world record by launching 104 satellites, we have done Mangalyaan (mars-mission) and we have training underway for manned-mission Gaganyaan. Chandrayaan-3 is also coming up,” Dr Singh added. According to a statement, the Indian National Space Promotion and Authorisation Centre (IN-SPACe), is meant to provide a level playing field for private companies to use Indian Space Infrastructure. It will also hand-hold, promote and guide the private industries in space activities through encouraging policies and a friendly regulatory environment. It added that these reforms will allow ISRO to focus more on Research and Development(R&D) activities, new technologies, exploration missions and human spaceflight programme. The minister also clarified that the existing body New Space India Limited (NSIL) and the new body IN-SPACe would only supplement ISRO’s functions and not work at cross purposes. He added that this reform would augment India’s Space Commission and warrant the appointment of new roles at the Department of Space. “ISRO is a basic organisation and the key decisions related to activities, missions and projects would remain with them. We have NSIL to facilitate private participation and IN-SPACe would be working on mechanism of announcement and opportunities for industries by ISRO and meeting the demands the private sector,” Jitendra Singh said. With the decision to set up IN-SPACe being taken by India’s cabinet, further details are expected to be revealed by ISRO Chairman and Secretary, Department of Space Dr K Sivan, in his media briefing on Thursday.

IN-SPACe is ISRO’s extended arm to encourage private participation

The four astronauts shortlisted for India’s first manned space mission, Gaganyaan, have commenced their full-fledged training at Russia’s Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Centre in Star City.

India gears up for Mission Gaganyaan

Here is all that you need to know about ISRO’s first half-humanoid, Vyommitra. She will be sent to unmanned space mission in December 2020 on Gaganyaan. Watch to know more.

Meet Vyommitra, India's first female humanoid robot

ISRO has unveiled a humanoid that will travel to space as part of its unmanned space mission. Its called Vyommitra - It can recognise and speak to astronauts, and even operate the space module.

Gravitas: Isro’s Humanoid 'Vyommitra' Set To Go To Space

The United States on Friday (Dec 8) vetoed the proposed demand by the other&nbsp;United Nations Security Council countries for an immediate ceasefire in the intense fighting between Israel and the Palestinian militant group Hamas in Gaza, in a bid to shield its longtime ally.

Thirteen other members voted in favour of the draft resolution moved by the United Arab Emirates, while the United Kingdom abstained.&nbsp;

The voting came after United Nations Secretary-General Antonio Guterres, in a rare move, formally warned the 15-member council of a global threat from the war, which has now been going on for over two months.

"What is the message we are sending Palestinians if we cannot unite behind a call to halt the relentless bombardment of Gaza?," Deputy UAE U.N. Ambassador Mohamed Abushahab asked the council. 
 
"Indeed, what is the message we are sending civilians across the world who may find themselves in similar situations?"

"The United Arab Emirates is deeply disappointed," said the representative of the UAE. "Regrettably... this council is unable to demand a humanitarian ceasefire."

Also read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/vladimir-putin-will-run-again-in-russian-presidential-elections-next-march-667595">Putin will run again in Russian presidential elections next March</a>

<h2>US defends veto</h2>

The United States, defending its veto, said that the resolution still held a call for an unconditional ceasefire.

"This resolution still contains a call for an unconditional ceasefire... it would leave Hamas in place able to repeat what it did on October 7," said US deputy UN representative Robert Wood.

Wood further denounced the UAE stating that the draft resolution was a rushed, imbalanced text "that was divorced from reality, that would not move the needle forward on the ground in any concrete way."

"We do not support this resolution's call for an unsustainable ceasefire that will only plant the seeds for the next war," said Wood.

UK's UN Ambassador Barbara Woodward said that her country abstained because there was no denunciation of Hamas.

"Israel needs to be able to address the threat posed by Hamas and it needs to do so in a manner that abides by international humanitarian law so that such an attack can never be carried out again," she told the council.

Israel's UN Ambassador Gilad Erdan did not address the Security Council after the vote, but in a statement said: "A ceasefire will be possible only with the return of all the hostages and the destruction of Hamas."

Washington, being the permanent member of the Security Council, can veto any resolution.

Ahead of the vote, Guterres had said that "the brutality perpetrated by Hamas can never justify the collective punishment of the Palestinian people."

(With inputs from agencies)&nbsp; 
&nbsp;

The United States on Friday (Dec 8) vetoed the proposed demand by the other United Nations Security Council countries for an immediate ceasefire in the intense fighting between Israel and the Palestinian militant group Hamas in Gaza, in a bid to shield its longtime ally.

The United States on Friday (Dec 8) vetoed the proposed demand by the other United Nations Security Council countries for an immediate ceasefire in the intense fighting between Israel and the Palestinian militant group Hamas in Gaza, in a bid to shield its longtime ally. Thirteen other members voted in favour of the draft resolution moved by the United Arab Emirates, while the United Kingdom abstained. The voting came after United Nations Secretary-General Antonio Guterres, in a rare move, formally warned the 15-member council of a global threat from the war, which has now been going on for over two months. "What is the message we are sending Palestinians if we cannot unite behind a call to halt the relentless bombardment of Gaza?," Deputy UAE U.N. Ambassador Mohamed Abushahab asked the council. "Indeed, what is the message we are sending civilians across the world who may find themselves in similar situations?" "The United Arab Emirates is deeply disappointed," said the representative of the UAE. "Regrettably... this council is unable to demand a humanitarian ceasefire." Also read: Putin will run again in Russian presidential elections next March US defends veto The United States, defending its veto, said that the resolution still held a call for an unconditional ceasefire. "This resolution still contains a call for an unconditional ceasefire... it would leave Hamas in place able to repeat what it did on October 7," said US deputy UN representative Robert Wood. Wood further denounced the UAE stating that the draft resolution was a rushed, imbalanced text "that was divorced from reality, that would not move the needle forward on the ground in any concrete way." "We do not support this resolution's call for an unsustainable ceasefire that will only plant the seeds for the next war," said Wood. UK's UN Ambassador Barbara Woodward said that her country abstained because there was no denunciation of Hamas. "Israel needs to be able to address the threat posed by Hamas and it needs to do so in a manner that abides by international humanitarian law so that such an attack can never be carried out again," she told the council. Israel's UN Ambassador Gilad Erdan did not address the Security Council after the vote, but in a statement said: "A ceasefire will be possible only with the return of all the hostages and the destruction of Hamas." Washington, being the permanent member of the Security Council, can veto any resolution. Ahead of the vote, Guterres had said that "the brutality perpetrated by Hamas can never justify the collective punishment of the Palestinian people." (With inputs from agencies)

Meet Vyommitra, ISRO's humanoid that will go to space on Gaganyaan

The space programme is to send human beings to space and will be called Gaganyaan. However, before India actually sends humans to venture out into space, the Indian Space Research Agency is sending out a humanoid robot by the end of this year.

Your Story: Meet ISRO'S half-Humanoid Vyommitra

Just days after the GSAT-30 successfully completed three planned orbit manoeuvres, the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) on Monday said the 'high power'&nbsp;communication satellite has reached its orbital home and deployed its solar arrays as well as the antennas.

"After the completion of three planned orbit manoeuvres, #GSAT30 nears its orbital home with its solar arrays and antennas deployed," the ISRO said in a tweet.

The satellite, aimed at providing high-quality television, telecommunications and broadcasting services, was successfully launched from onboard Ariane-5 flight at Kourou launch base in French Guiana on early Jan 17.

Being India's first space mission in 2020, GSAT-30 was successfully launched into a Geosynchronous Transfer Orbit (GTO) at 2:35 am.

The European rocket Arianespace launched the GSAT-30 satellite for the ISRO and the Eutelsat Konnect satellite for the French telecommunications company Eutelsat.

After a flight lasting 38 minutes 25 seconds, the GSAT-30 separated from the Ariane 5 upper stage in an elliptical Geosynchronous Transfer Orbit.

Weighing 3357 kg, GSAT-30 will serve as a replacement to ISRO's INSAT-4A spacecraft services with enhanced coverage.

"GSAT-30 has a unique configuration of providing flexible frequency segments and flexible coverage. The satellite will provide communication services to Indian mainland and islands through Ku-band and wide coverage covering Gulf countries, a large number of Asian countries and Australia through C-band," said ISRO chairman K Sivan.

The GSAT-30 will provide DTH television services, connectivity to VSATs for ATM, stock-exchange, television uplinking and Teleport Services, Digital Satellite News Gathering (DSNG) and e-governance applications.

"The satellite will also be used for bulk data transfer for a host of emerging telecommunication applications," the ISRO chairman said.

Meanwhile, Eutelsat Konnect, a new generation satellite, will provide telecommunication services across Europe and Africa.&nbsp;

Just days after the GSAT-30 successfully completed three planned orbit manoeuvres, the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) on Monday said the 'high power' communication satellite has reached its orbital home and deployed its solar arrays as well as the antennas.

Just days after the GSAT-30 successfully completed three planned orbit manoeuvres, the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) on Monday said the 'high power' communication satellite has reached its orbital home and deployed its solar arrays as well as the antennas. "After the completion of three planned orbit manoeuvres, #GSAT30 nears its orbital home with its solar arrays and antennas deployed," the ISRO said in a tweet. The satellite, aimed at providing high-quality television, telecommunications and broadcasting services, was successfully launched from onboard Ariane-5 flight at Kourou launch base in French Guiana on early Jan 17. Being India's first space mission in 2020, GSAT-30 was successfully launched into a Geosynchronous Transfer Orbit (GTO) at 2:35 am. The European rocket Arianespace launched the GSAT-30 satellite for the ISRO and the Eutelsat Konnect satellite for the French telecommunications company Eutelsat. After a flight lasting 38 minutes 25 seconds, the GSAT-30 separated from the Ariane 5 upper stage in an elliptical Geosynchronous Transfer Orbit. Weighing 3357 kg, GSAT-30 will serve as a replacement to ISRO's INSAT-4A spacecraft services with enhanced coverage. "GSAT-30 has a unique configuration of providing flexible frequency segments and flexible coverage. The satellite will provide communication services to Indian mainland and islands through Ku-band and wide coverage covering Gulf countries, a large number of Asian countries and Australia through C-band," said ISRO chairman K Sivan. The GSAT-30 will provide DTH television services, connectivity to VSATs for ATM, stock-exchange, television uplinking and Teleport Services, Digital Satellite News Gathering (DSNG) and e-governance applications. "The satellite will also be used for bulk data transfer for a host of emerging telecommunication applications," the ISRO chairman said. Meanwhile, Eutelsat Konnect, a new generation satellite, will provide telecommunication services across Europe and Africa.

After completing 3 orbit manoeuvres, ISRO says GSAT-30 nears its orbital home

Indian Space Research Organisation is all set to launch two back to back dedicated missions that will expand the horizon of nation's space outlook. ISRO launched Chandrayaan-2 in July 2019 but the mission remains unsuccessful. Now the organisation is again geared up to launch Chandrayaan-3 and Gaganyaan. #ISRO #WION #KSivan #Chandrayaan-3

WION Exclusive: ISRO Chairman K Sivan briefs over Chandrayaan 3, Gaganyaan

With the dawn of the New Year, ISRO announced its ambitious new project Chandrayaan 3 and Gaganyaan. With Chandrayaan 3 the Indian Space Research Organisation is making its second attempt to soft-landing on the surface of the Moon. Gaganyaan is India's first manned mission and is expected to take off by 2022. WION caught up with ISRO Chief Kailasavadivoo Sivan on the latest updates. Watch this exclusive report: #WION #WIONNews #ISRO #Gaganyaan #Chandrayaan3

WION Exclusive conversation with ISRO Chief Kailasavadivoo Sivan

Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) chief K Sivan started the New Year with good news. He announced in a media briefing that India's new lunar mission Chandrayaan-3 will be launched later this year in November 2020.

ISRO to launch Chandrayaan-3 in November 2020

The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) would launch India's latest spy satellite RISAT-2BR1 and nine foreign satellites on December 11. The radar imaging earth observation satellite, RISAT-2BR1 would be launched through Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV). Today's launch will mark a significant milestone for the space agency as it would be the 50th flight of the PSLV.

ISRO to launch PSLV-C48 from Sriharikota today

ISRO’s most-reliable workhorse, the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) is gearing up to lift-off for its 50th time from the Satish Dhawan Space Centre in Sriharikota, with the launch scheduled for 3:25 pm on Wednesday. PSLV is the third generation launch vehicle of India. It is the first Indian launch vehicle to be equipped with liquid stages.

The rocket’s primary payload will be an Indian Radar imaging earth observation satellite (RISAT-2BR1) weighing about 628 kg, which will be placed into a 576 km orbit. ISRO states that the RISAT -2BR1 would be used for agriculture, forestry and disaster management.&nbsp;

As a part of a commercial agreement, ISRO will also be launching nine&nbsp;foreign satellites as co-passengers of the Indian satellite. The customer satellites include six&nbsp;American satellites, besides one each from Israel, Italy, and Japan.&nbsp;

Besides being the 50th launch of the PSLV, wednesday’s launch would mark several milestones for the ISRO - the second flight of PSLV in 'QL' configuration (with four&nbsp;strap-on motors). This will be the 75th&nbsp;launch vehicle mission from SDSC SHAR, Sriharikota and 37th&nbsp;launch from the First Launchpad.

The PSLV is a four-stage rocket with the first stage and third stage using solid-propellant rocket motors, whereas the second a fourth stage use liquid-propellant rocket motors.

It is considered&nbsp;the most reliable launch vehicle of ISRO as it has flown 47 of its 49 missions successfully. The only failures of missions involving the PSLV rocket occurred in 1993 (first launch) and 2017 (41st launch). In its maiden mission, there was a software error in an on-board guidance and control processor, while the 2017 failure was caused as the heat shield (the bulbous top portion that holds the satellite) had failed to separate, thus preventing the satellite from being placed in orbit.

Ahead of the milestone launch, WION spoke to ISRO veterans to understand the arduous journey, the work culture that led to the success of the PSLV and how they feel ahead of the 50th Launch:&nbsp;

 
Padma Shri&nbsp;Dr&nbsp;A Sivathanu Pillai 
Core team member in SLV-3 and PSLV Configuration&nbsp;

<img alt="A Sivathanu Pillai | Image courtesy: Twitter user @orfonline" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="c217b344-150b-4c47-baca-d76e83364e87" src="//cdn.wionews.com/sites/default/files/inline-images/Pillaiiii_1.jpg" />

WION: Kindly tell us about what led to the planning and development of PSLV and the evolution it underwent.

Pillai: It was after the successful launch of SLV-3E2, India’s first experimental satellite launch vehicle in July 1980 that three groups were formed and PSLV was formed as one study group, with Dr Srinivasan as the head.&nbsp; When we had shared the configuration with Satish Dhawan, he was unhappy with it and wanted out to be more reliable. He had envisioned that the PSLV would become the workhorse rocket and later we could go for the GSLV with a cryogenic engine. Initially, the rocket was 400 ton and with big strap-on motors, but as he was apprehensive of strap-on, a new configuration was evolved without strap-ons and with increased reliability. Then we decided to use high-strength maraging steel that was available in the USA and Japan. We decided to develop the material and DRDO developed it and transferred the technology to Midhra Dhatu Nigam (MIDHANI) for production. This ensured that the weight of the rocket was reduced from 400 odd tons to 175 tons. It was in 1982 that the PLSV project was approved and its development began, our first flight in 1993 was not successful, but thereafter the PSLV started its successful run.&nbsp;

 
Padma Bhushan S&nbsp;Nambi Narayanan 
Project Director Second Stage of PSLV -Vikas Engine (later member associate project director of PSLV, GSLV)
<img alt="S Nambi Narayanan | Image courtesy: Twitter user @IndianExpress" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="801fdd47-2f5a-4e4f-833b-6a4d4eb768b1" src="//cdn.wionews.com/sites/default/files/inline-images/Nambiiii.jpg" />
WION: How does it feel ahead of the 50th PSLV launch?&nbsp;

Narayanan: Actually I am very happy, it is much more than that, I feel really elated. The credit goes to the team of engineers who have worked day and night. But many members of our team are not with us anymore and it's sad that they are not here to see it.&nbsp;

WION: What’s the secret behind the PSLV and its above 95% success rate?&nbsp;

Narayanan: The PSLV rocket and its Vikas Engine have built-in reliability and that is one reason it has worked flawlessly. We jointly developed the liquid-engine Vikas with France (the French call it Viking -3), but we made a better system than they themselves made.&nbsp;

WION: You have constantly batted for a liquid-propellant engine over a solid-propellant engine during the PSLV development phase. Why?

Narayanan: A liquid engine can be stopped and restarted during tests and flights(ensuring better fuel efficiency), whereas a solid engine can’t be stopped after being ignited. Liquid propellant engines can be tweaked and upgraded for different uses. A liquid engine can control the flight of the rocket using gimbaling, whereas a solid engine requires external control systems which incur more cost and additional weight.&nbsp; There was always a competition between the teams working on solid and liquid propulsion. Solid took the lead as all our systems were using solid fuels, liquid systems never existed and many felt it was difficult or impossible.&nbsp; PSLV configurations were discussed without the liquid engine and it was meant to be all solid. However, with the solid engine the required payload couldn’t be achieved during the tests. Finally, the then director of VSSC Dr&nbsp;Brahm Prakash told Dr&nbsp;Satish Dhawan - “Satish this won’t work without liquid, we need a liquid system whether we like it or not”.

WION: While the French named their Engine Viking, what made us select ‘Vikas’?&nbsp;

Narayanan: Vikas means development in Sanskrit, but I had seen another adapted anagram in the name. For me, Vikas stood for Vikram A Sarabhai, the father of the Indian Space Programme. He was my Guru and leader and we won’t have another leader like him. from the very first flight till date, it is the very same Vikas engine that powers the second stage of the PSLV.

 
Padma Vibhushan&nbsp;Dr&nbsp;G Madhavan Nair&nbsp; 
Project Director PSLV and Former Chairman, ISRO

<img alt="G Madhavan Nair | Image courtesy: Twitter user @NDTV" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="92f51c26-04f3-4ff7-8a00-34f9f414a1a2" src="//cdn.wionews.com/sites/default/files/inline-images/Nairrrr_0.jpg" />

WION: How do you see the significance of PSLV in our Space programme?

Nair: PSLV is the workhorse launcher it has been performing consistently well, we are proud that we are having the 50th launch. PSLV has ushered the new era of large rocket systems in India. It is a result of a decade-long toil of over 3000 scientists and engineers who had worked in the mid-80s. International customers come to us for the low cost and high reliability of our vehicle (which is better than the global standard). Only the French Ariane Rocket is comparable with ours in terms of reliability. We are proud that India has got such a possession&nbsp;

WION: You were the Project Director of the PSLV during its maiden launch. Kindly share your memories

Nair: Dr Srinivsasn was the chief designer of this rocket, sadly he didn’t live to see the launch. He handed over the reins to me, I am proud that I could complete it and give it to the country. During our first launch in 1993, we had a snag and the mission failed, but we were successful within one year. We had the benefit of experience gained from other launch vehicles and our entire technology was homegrown without own Liquid Engine - Vikas. Even the more powerful launcher GSLV uses several modules that we developed at that time.&nbsp;

WION: Please Tell us about the organisational culture of ISRO and how various domain experts work together?&nbsp;

Nair: ISRO has tremendous strength in terms of multi-disciplinary teams working together and we maintain the culture established by our founder Vikram Sarabhai where freedom is granted and people are encouraged to come up with new ideas. Dr&nbsp;Abdul Kalam brought people together from various fields in science and technology and integrated the efforts. Most organizations don’t succeed as teams from different disciplines can’t work together.&nbsp;

 
Padma Shri Dr&nbsp;Mylswamy Annadurai 
Program Director Chandrayaan 1 and Mangalyaan
<img alt="Mylswamy Annaduarai | Image courtesy: Twitter user @ShahNawazKhanMM" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="12b9f5ed-1957-4ff9-9cb0-bdf83f732a36" src="//cdn.wionews.com/sites/default/files/inline-images/Annaduraiiii.jpg" />
WION: Kindly tell us about the PSLV’s versatility as a launcher&nbsp;

Annadurai: By definition, the PSLV is a polar satellite launch vehicle meant to launch into Low Earth Orbit(below 2000km), but due to the confidence in its configuration it has been configured to put heavier payloads into orbit. In Chandrayaan 1 we used the PSLV to carry the probe to Geosynchronous Transfer orbit (above 35000km). Likewise, for the Mars Orbiter Mission, we launched the probe into the Highly elliptical earth orbit. We use the PSLV in various configurations including the core-alone configuration and with either two, four or six strap-on boosters for heavier payloads. So depending on the payloads, we are able to customize the launcher. We have mastered the technology of launching multiple small satellites using the PSLV and hold the record for 104 satellites in a single launch. We can also launch different satellites into different orbits using a single rocket. Depending on the mission requirements engine re-starts can be done.&nbsp; PSLV is the one that gave us a face for commercial launches and by meeting the requirements completely it gives confidence to the customers. This makes it a unique launch vehicle when you compare in the world in this class (carrying payloads from 600kg-1.7 tons)

ISRO’s most-reliable workhorse, the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) is gearing up to lift-off for its 50th time from the Satish Dhawan Space Centre in Sriharikota, with the launch scheduled for 3:25 pm on Wednesday.

ISRO’s most-reliable workhorse, the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) is gearing up to lift-off for its 50th time from the Satish Dhawan Space Centre in Sriharikota, with the launch scheduled for 3:25 pm on Wednesday. PSLV is the third generation launch vehicle of India. It is the first Indian launch vehicle to be equipped with liquid stages. The rocket’s primary payload will be an Indian Radar imaging earth observation satellite (RISAT-2BR1) weighing about 628 kg, which will be placed into a 576 km orbit. ISRO states that the RISAT -2BR1 would be used for agriculture, forestry and disaster management. As a part of a commercial agreement, ISRO will also be launching nine foreign satellites as co-passengers of the Indian satellite. The customer satellites include six American satellites, besides one each from Israel, Italy, and Japan. Besides being the 50th launch of the PSLV, wednesday’s launch would mark several milestones for the ISRO - the second flight of PSLV in 'QL' configuration (with four strap-on motors). This will be the 75th launch vehicle mission from SDSC SHAR, Sriharikota and 37th launch from the First Launchpad. The PSLV is a four-stage rocket with the first stage and third stage using solid-propellant rocket motors, whereas the second a fourth stage use liquid-propellant rocket motors. It is considered the most reliable launch vehicle of ISRO as it has flown 47 of its 49 missions successfully. The only failures of missions involving the PSLV rocket occurred in 1993 (first launch) and 2017 (41st launch). In its maiden mission, there was a software error in an on-board guidance and control processor, while the 2017 failure was caused as the heat shield (the bulbous top portion that holds the satellite) had failed to separate, thus preventing the satellite from being placed in orbit. Ahead of the milestone launch, WION spoke to ISRO veterans to understand the arduous journey, the work culture that led to the success of the PSLV and how they feel ahead of the 50th Launch: Padma Shri Dr A Sivathanu Pillai Core team member in SLV-3 and PSLV Configuration WION: Kindly tell us about what led to the planning and development of PSLV and the evolution it underwent. Pillai: It was after the successful launch of SLV-3E2, India’s first experimental satellite launch vehicle in July 1980 that three groups were formed and PSLV was formed as one study group, with Dr Srinivasan as the head. When we had shared the configuration with Satish Dhawan, he was unhappy with it and wanted out to be more reliable. He had envisioned that the PSLV would become the workhorse rocket and later we could go for the GSLV with a cryogenic engine. Initially, the rocket was 400 ton and with big strap-on motors, but as he was apprehensive of strap-on, a new configuration was evolved without strap-ons and with increased reliability. Then we decided to use high-strength maraging steel that was available in the USA and Japan. We decided to develop the material and DRDO developed it and transferred the technology to Midhra Dhatu Nigam (MIDHANI) for production. This ensured that the weight of the rocket was reduced from 400 odd tons to 175 tons. It was in 1982 that the PLSV project was approved and its development began, our first flight in 1993 was not successful, but thereafter the PSLV started its successful run. Padma Bhushan S Nambi Narayanan Project Director Second Stage of PSLV -Vikas Engine (later member associate project director of PSLV, GSLV) WION: How does it feel ahead of the 50th PSLV launch? Narayanan: Actually I am very happy, it is much more than that, I feel really elated. The credit goes to the team of engineers who have worked day and night. But many members of our team are not with us anymore and it's sad that they are not here to see it. WION: What’s the secret behind the PSLV and its above 95% success rate? Narayanan: The PSLV rocket and its Vikas Engine have built-in reliability and that is one reason it has worked flawlessly. We jointly developed the liquid-engine Vikas with France (the French call it Viking -3), but we made a better system than they themselves made. WION: You have constantly batted for a liquid-propellant engine over a solid-propellant engine during the PSLV development phase. Why? Narayanan: A liquid engine can be stopped and restarted during tests and flights(ensuring better fuel efficiency), whereas a solid engine can’t be stopped after being ignited. Liquid propellant engines can be tweaked and upgraded for different uses. A liquid engine can control the flight of the rocket using gimbaling, whereas a solid engine requires external control systems which incur more cost and additional weight. There was always a competition between the teams working on solid and liquid propulsion. Solid took the lead as all our systems were using solid fuels, liquid systems never existed and many felt it was difficult or impossible. PSLV configurations were discussed without the liquid engine and it was meant to be all solid. However, with the solid engine the required payload couldn’t be achieved during the tests. Finally, the then director of VSSC Dr Brahm Prakash told Dr Satish Dhawan - “Satish this won’t work without liquid, we need a liquid system whether we like it or not”. WION: While the French named their Engine Viking, what made us select ‘Vikas’? Narayanan: Vikas means development in Sanskrit, but I had seen another adapted anagram in the name. For me, Vikas stood for Vikram A Sarabhai, the father of the Indian Space Programme. He was my Guru and leader and we won’t have another leader like him. from the very first flight till date, it is the very same Vikas engine that powers the second stage of the PSLV. Padma Vibhushan Dr G Madhavan Nair Project Director PSLV and Former Chairman, ISRO WION: How do you see the significance of PSLV in our Space programme? Nair: PSLV is the workhorse launcher it has been performing consistently well, we are proud that we are having the 50th launch. PSLV has ushered the new era of large rocket systems in India. It is a result of a decade-long toil of over 3000 scientists and engineers who had worked in the mid-80s. International customers come to us for the low cost and high reliability of our vehicle (which is better than the global standard). Only the French Ariane Rocket is comparable with ours in terms of reliability. We are proud that India has got such a possession WION: You were the Project Director of the PSLV during its maiden launch. Kindly share your memories Nair: Dr Srinivsasn was the chief designer of this rocket, sadly he didn’t live to see the launch. He handed over the reins to me, I am proud that I could complete it and give it to the country. During our first launch in 1993, we had a snag and the mission failed, but we were successful within one year. We had the benefit of experience gained from other launch vehicles and our entire technology was homegrown without own Liquid Engine - Vikas. Even the more powerful launcher GSLV uses several modules that we developed at that time. WION: Please Tell us about the organisational culture of ISRO and how various domain experts work together? Nair: ISRO has tremendous strength in terms of multi-disciplinary teams working together and we maintain the culture established by our founder Vikram Sarabhai where freedom is granted and people are encouraged to come up with new ideas. Dr Abdul Kalam brought people together from various fields in science and technology and integrated the efforts. Most organizations don’t succeed as teams from different disciplines can’t work together. Padma Shri Dr Mylswamy Annadurai Program Director Chandrayaan 1 and Mangalyaan WION: Kindly tell us about the PSLV’s versatility as a launcher Annadurai: By definition, the PSLV is a polar satellite launch vehicle meant to launch into Low Earth Orbit(below 2000km), but due to the confidence in its configuration it has been configured to put heavier payloads into orbit. In Chandrayaan 1 we used the PSLV to carry the probe to Geosynchronous Transfer orbit (above 35000km). Likewise, for the Mars Orbiter Mission, we launched the probe into the Highly elliptical earth orbit. We use the PSLV in various configurations including the core-alone configuration and with either two, four or six strap-on boosters for heavier payloads. So depending on the payloads, we are able to customize the launcher. We have mastered the technology of launching multiple small satellites using the PSLV and hold the record for 104 satellites in a single launch. We can also launch different satellites into different orbits using a single rocket. Depending on the mission requirements engine re-starts can be done. PSLV is the one that gave us a face for commercial launches and by meeting the requirements completely it gives confidence to the customers. This makes it a unique launch vehicle when you compare in the world in this class (carrying payloads from 600kg-1.7 tons)

WION Special: ISRO veterans recall the workhorse rocket PSLV’s journey ahead of its 50th launch

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NASA finds India's Vikram lander

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