In the world of states, there is no such thing as “humanitarian intervention”. But, there is a military intervention which states only take recourse to when their interests are at stake. In the general schema of state interest(s), there is a hierarchy of these and it is only when a given state’s fundamental interests are at stake, that it opts for military intervention. &nbsp;

From this perspective, Venezuela’s warning to the United States that there will be “irregular warfare” if the country intervenes militarily is rich and gratuitous.

It may be recalled that Venezuela is in the midst of a severe political and economic crisis, where the charismatic former president of the country, Hugo Chavez’ successor’s legitimacy and thereby the country’s future is at stake. But, the Venezuelan crisis, as important it is from a humanitarian angle, is a “low stakes game”. It is low stakes because Venezuela, even though an important oil producer and exporter, is neither a significant state in the region nor a swing one.&nbsp;

This is not to detract from the country’s intrinsic importance (because all nations and countries are important in their own right) but to put matters into perspective.

Moreover, the drift, thrust and tenor of international politics and relations is such that Venezuela, in the schema of powers that be constitute a lower order interest, perhaps because of oil and its politics thereof. But, there appears to be a humanitarian crisis brewing in the country. Given all this, will the international community led by the United States opt for military intervention?

No is the flat answer.

Besides the reasons delineated in this essay, other factors that militate against a full-blown military intervention pertain to the United States itself. The country, under Trump, has and is retreated inward into a quasi-isolationist and protectionist posture.&nbsp;

It has exited from Syria, is considering a retreat from Afghanistan and is confrontational toward China in trade matters. Against this backdrop, and the general aversion toward military intervention after the second Gulf War, it is well nigh impossible that the country will put “ boots on the ground” in Venezuela. &nbsp;

Even if these reasons and factors were to be discounted, the United States, at this point in time, does not have the absorptive capacity for the military option even of a limited and sort.

All this then rules out the military instrument. &nbsp;But, the international community along with the United States is not staying silent. It is doing something. The nature of the international community’s commission with respect to Venezuela lies in denying&nbsp;Nicolas Maduro and his government legitimacy.&nbsp;

This is a form of pressure that accrues from the very nature of international relations and politics. The state as a unit in international relations and in the international system derives legitimacy from two sides: internally and externally. It is upon the latter that the international community is focusing on. The hope here appears to be that if the Venezuelan state, in its current form and avatar, is denied legitimacy externally and with sufficient unrest, protests and perhaps even anarchy within, implied and even tacit support for the opposition forces, Maduro’s regime will collapse.&nbsp;

But, there are a plethora of assumptions involved in this approach. That is, there are too many if’s and but’s in it.

But, whatever be the case and howsoever, conditions in Venezuela will pan out and denoue, there will be no military intervention. Venezuela will be in the nature of a split and divided country and too conflicted for its own good.&nbsp;

The international community, by employing the tools and instruments it is taking recourse to, is essentially banking upon a scenario, which might or might not come to pass. &nbsp;But, it is the people of Venezuela that will suffer on a range of levels. However, all said and done, it is the people of Venezuela, not some distant politicians or technocratic experts, sitting in foreign capitals, that must choose and determine their future, how they want to live and be governed, and what system they adopt in a fair and a transparent manner. This choice must then be respected by all.&nbsp;

(Disclaimer: The opinions expressed above are the personal views of the author and do not reflect the views of ZMCL.) 
&nbsp;

In the world of states, there is no such thing as “humanitarian intervention”. But, there is a military intervention which states only take recourse to when their interests are at stake.

In the world of states, there is no such thing as “humanitarian intervention”. But, there is a military intervention which states only take recourse to when their interests are at stake. In the general schema of state interest(s), there is a hierarchy of these and it is only when a given state’s fundamental interests are at stake, that it opts for military intervention. From this perspective, Venezuela’s warning to the United States that there will be “irregular warfare” if the country intervenes militarily is rich and gratuitous. It may be recalled that Venezuela is in the midst of a severe political and economic crisis, where the charismatic former president of the country, Hugo Chavez’ successor’s legitimacy and thereby the country’s future is at stake. But, the Venezuelan crisis, as important it is from a humanitarian angle, is a “low stakes game”. It is low stakes because Venezuela, even though an important oil producer and exporter, is neither a significant state in the region nor a swing one. This is not to detract from the country’s intrinsic importance (because all nations and countries are important in their own right) but to put matters into perspective. Moreover, the drift, thrust and tenor of international politics and relations is such that Venezuela, in the schema of powers that be constitute a lower order interest, perhaps because of oil and its politics thereof. But, there appears to be a humanitarian crisis brewing in the country. Given all this, will the international community led by the United States opt for military intervention? No is the flat answer. Besides the reasons delineated in this essay, other factors that militate against a full-blown military intervention pertain to the United States itself. The country, under Trump, has and is retreated inward into a quasi-isolationist and protectionist posture. It has exited from Syria, is considering a retreat from Afghanistan and is confrontational toward China in trade matters. Against this backdrop, and the general aversion toward military intervention after the second Gulf War, it is well nigh impossible that the country will put “ boots on the ground” in Venezuela. Even if these reasons and factors were to be discounted, the United States, at this point in time, does not have the absorptive capacity for the military option even of a limited and sort. All this then rules out the military instrument. But, the international community along with the United States is not staying silent. It is doing something. The nature of the international community’s commission with respect to Venezuela lies in denying Nicolas Maduro and his government legitimacy. This is a form of pressure that accrues from the very nature of international relations and politics. The state as a unit in international relations and in the international system derives legitimacy from two sides: internally and externally. It is upon the latter that the international community is focusing on. The hope here appears to be that if the Venezuelan state, in its current form and avatar, is denied legitimacy externally and with sufficient unrest, protests and perhaps even anarchy within, implied and even tacit support for the opposition forces, Maduro’s regime will collapse. But, there are a plethora of assumptions involved in this approach. That is, there are too many if’s and but’s in it. But, whatever be the case and howsoever, conditions in Venezuela will pan out and denoue, there will be no military intervention. Venezuela will be in the nature of a split and divided country and too conflicted for its own good. The international community, by employing the tools and instruments it is taking recourse to, is essentially banking upon a scenario, which might or might not come to pass. But, it is the people of Venezuela that will suffer on a range of levels. However, all said and done, it is the people of Venezuela, not some distant politicians or technocratic experts, sitting in foreign capitals, that must choose and determine their future, how they want to live and be governed, and what system they adopt in a fair and a transparent manner. This choice must then be respected by all. (Disclaimer: The opinions expressed above are the personal views of the author and do not reflect the views of ZMCL.)

Venezuela crisis: Will the US opt for military intervention?

US President Donald Trump lashed out Thursday at Democrats for investigating his dealings with Russia, saying his opponents are "going nuts."

"<a href="http://www.wionews.com/world/trump-concerned-about-being-impeached-report-183111">PRESIDENTIAL HARASSMENT!</a> It should never be allowed to happen again!" Trump tweeted.&nbsp;

He said that an expansion of the probe by the intelligence committee in the Democrat-led House of Representatives was unprecedented.

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....The Dems and their committees are going “nuts.” The Republicans never did this to President Obama, there would be no time left to run government. I hear other committee heads will do the same thing. Even stealing people who work at White House! A continuation of Witch Hunt!
— Donald J. Trump (@realDonaldTrump) <a href="https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status/1093471134845190145?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">February 7, 2019</a></blockquote>
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PRESIDENTIAL HARASSMENT! It should never be allowed to happen again!
— Donald J. Trump (@realDonaldTrump) <a href="https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status/1093489029780332545?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">February 7, 2019</a></blockquote>
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Adam Schiff, the congressman heading the committee, said it will look into suspicions of collusion between Trump and Russia and also broader allegations of financial wrongdoing in Trump's inner circle.

The powerful committee will be working in parallel with an already well advanced probe by special prosecutor Robert Mueller into alleged links between Trump and Russian agents during his 2016 election campaign.

"Congressman Adam Schiff announces, after having found zero Russian Collusion, that he is going to be looking at every aspect of my life, both financial and personal, even though there is no reason to be doing so. Never happened before!" Trump tweeted.

Trump has repeatedly declared his innocence, claiming that the growing investigations, which also include probes by federal prosecutors in New York, are politically motivated.

However, Mueller alone has already brought charges leading to indictments of six people with ties to Trump in the Russia collusion probe.

And critics say the secrecy around the financial workings of Trump's real estate empire and his years of interest in doing business in President Vladimir Putin's Russia make a troubling backdrop that requires deeper probing.

US President Donald Trump lashed out Thursday at Democrats for investigating his dealings with Russia, saying his opponents are "going nuts." "PRESIDENTIAL HARASSMENT!

US President Donald Trump lashed out Thursday at Democrats for investigating his dealings with Russia, saying his opponents are "going nuts." "PRESIDENTIAL HARASSMENT! It should never be allowed to happen again!" Trump tweeted. He said that an expansion of the probe by the intelligence committee in the Democrat-led House of Representatives was unprecedented. ....The Dems and their committees are going “nuts.” The Republicans never did this to President Obama, there would be no time left to run government. I hear other committee heads will do the same thing. Even stealing people who work at White House! A continuation of Witch Hunt! — Donald J. Trump (@realDonaldTrump) February 7, 2019 × PRESIDENTIAL HARASSMENT! It should never be allowed to happen again! — Donald J. Trump (@realDonaldTrump) February 7, 2019 × Adam Schiff, the congressman heading the committee, said it will look into suspicions of collusion between Trump and Russia and also broader allegations of financial wrongdoing in Trump's inner circle. The powerful committee will be working in parallel with an already well advanced probe by special prosecutor Robert Mueller into alleged links between Trump and Russian agents during his 2016 election campaign. "Congressman Adam Schiff announces, after having found zero Russian Collusion, that he is going to be looking at every aspect of my life, both financial and personal, even though there is no reason to be doing so. Never happened before!" Trump tweeted. Trump has repeatedly declared his innocence, claiming that the growing investigations, which also include probes by federal prosecutors in New York, are politically motivated. However, Mueller alone has already brought charges leading to indictments of six people with ties to Trump in the Russia collusion probe. And critics say the secrecy around the financial workings of Trump's real estate empire and his years of interest in doing business in President Vladimir Putin's Russia make a troubling backdrop that requires deeper probing.

'PRESIDENTIAL HARASSMENT!' screams Trump as Democrats investigate him

Pompeo says US will still lead fight against ISIS

Donald Trump nominates Treasury official David Malpass for World Bank president

Joshua Trump was invited, by First Lady Melania, to Donald Trump's State of the Union address Wednesday morning.

Joshua is not related&nbsp;to the Trumps but he has been bullied at school — he was forced to drop out — because of his surname.

The 11-year-old walked into the House of Representatives looking, well, presidential in a white shirt and dark tie — and soon fell off to sleep.&nbsp;

Images of Joshua taking a nap during Trump's 82-minute&nbsp;speech quickly went viral on Twitter.&nbsp;

Twitter couldn't get enough of it.

"Joshua Trump is a Trump I can get behind," one user said.&nbsp;

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Joshua Trump is a Trump I can get behind. <a href="https://t.co/fCO2o7duj7">pic.twitter.com/fCO2o7duj7</a>
— Brian Tyler Cohen (@briantylercohen) <a href="https://twitter.com/briantylercohen/status/1092997537257086978?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">February 6, 2019</a></blockquote>
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"Joshua Trump rules," said another.

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JOSHUA TRUMP RULES <a href="https://t.co/Opc88adMfB">pic.twitter.com/Opc88adMfB</a>
— Josh Weinberg (@josh_weinberg) <a href="https://twitter.com/josh_weinberg/status/1092991215232966656?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">February 6, 2019</a></blockquote>
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Joshua, a middle school student from Delaware sat two seats up from First Lady Melania Trump.

Joshua had to drop out of school in 2017 because of constant&nbsp;bullying by other students over his surname, after which he told his mother he had lost the will to live.

He was home-schooled for a year and then Joshua's parents decided to change schools where they&nbsp;were instructed by teachers to not use that surname any more.

National fame was never my goal, said the sixth-grader adding that he just wanted to fit in.

"They say are you related to Donald Trump? And I say, 'Would I be here if I'm related to him?" the schoolboy told the news site Inside Edition in December.&nbsp;

Joshua was one of the 13 people to receive special invitations to the address by the president and first lady.

Melania Trump has made her anti-bullying campaign the centrepiece of her legacy as first lady, although there have been few concrete steps aside from public appearances and roundtable discussions.&nbsp;

(With inputs from AFP)

Joshua Trump was invited, by First Lady Melania, to Donald Trump's State of the Union address Wednesday morning. Joshua is not related to the Trumps but he has been bullied at school — he was forced to drop out — because of his surname.

Joshua Trump was invited, by First Lady Melania, to Donald Trump's State of the Union address Wednesday morning. Joshua is not related to the Trumps but he has been bullied at school — he was forced to drop out — because of his surname. The 11-year-old walked into the House of Representatives looking, well, presidential in a white shirt and dark tie — and soon fell off to sleep. Images of Joshua taking a nap during Trump's 82-minute speech quickly went viral on Twitter. Twitter couldn't get enough of it. "Joshua Trump is a Trump I can get behind," one user said. Joshua Trump is a Trump I can get behind. pic.twitter.com/fCO2o7duj7 — Brian Tyler Cohen (@briantylercohen) February 6, 2019 × "Joshua Trump rules," said another. JOSHUA TRUMP RULES pic.twitter.com/Opc88adMfB — Josh Weinberg (@josh_weinberg) February 6, 2019 × Joshua, a middle school student from Delaware sat two seats up from First Lady Melania Trump. Joshua had to drop out of school in 2017 because of constant bullying by other students over his surname, after which he told his mother he had lost the will to live. He was home-schooled for a year and then Joshua's parents decided to change schools where they were instructed by teachers to not use that surname any more. National fame was never my goal, said the sixth-grader adding that he just wanted to fit in. "They say are you related to Donald Trump? And I say, 'Would I be here if I'm related to him?" the schoolboy told the news site Inside Edition in December. Joshua was one of the 13 people to receive special invitations to the address by the president and first lady. Melania Trump has made her anti-bullying campaign the centrepiece of her legacy as first lady, although there have been few concrete steps aside from public appearances and roundtable discussions. (With inputs from AFP)

Special invitee Joshua Trump falls off to sleep at Trump's State of the Union address

New Mexico Governor Michelle Lujan Grisham has ordered most of the National Guard troops deployed at the state's border with Mexico to withdraw, rejecting US President <a href="http://www.wionews.com/world/trump-hardens-stance-on-mexico-border-says-15000-troops-could-be-sent-174771">Donald Trump's contention there was a border crisis</a>.

Most of the 118 National Guard troops deployed in the state will be withdrawn, Lujan Grisham, a Democrat, said in a statement late Tuesday. She called Trump's frequent declarations of an immigration crisis at the border a "charade."

The troops had been deployed by her Republican predecessor, Susana Martinez, last year at the request of Trump, also a Republican.

A small, though unspecified, number of troops will remain in place to help with the "humanitarian needs" of communities near the border and vulnerable migrants arriving at the border, Lujan Grisham said.

"We will support our neighbours where the need for assistance is great, and we will offer a helping hand when we can to those vulnerable people who arrive at our border, but New Mexico will not take part in the president's charade of border fear-mongering by misusing our diligent National Guard troops," her statement said.

Trump's promise to build a wall on the border, with construction paid for by Mexico, was a key message of his 2016 campaign. Mexico has refused to fund the project and Congress rejected Trump's demands for $5.7 billion in funding for the project. That triggered a 35-day partial US government shutdown, the longest in the nation's history.

New Mexico Governor Michelle Lujan Grisham has ordered most of the National Guard troops deployed at the state's border with Mexico to withdraw, rejecting US President Donald Trump's contention there was a border crisis.

New Mexico Governor Michelle Lujan Grisham has ordered most of the National Guard troops deployed at the state's border with Mexico to withdraw, rejecting US President Donald Trump's contention there was a border crisis. Most of the 118 National Guard troops deployed in the state will be withdrawn, Lujan Grisham, a Democrat, said in a statement late Tuesday. She called Trump's frequent declarations of an immigration crisis at the border a "charade." The troops had been deployed by her Republican predecessor, Susana Martinez, last year at the request of Trump, also a Republican. A small, though unspecified, number of troops will remain in place to help with the "humanitarian needs" of communities near the border and vulnerable migrants arriving at the border, Lujan Grisham said. "We will support our neighbours where the need for assistance is great, and we will offer a helping hand when we can to those vulnerable people who arrive at our border, but New Mexico will not take part in the president's charade of border fear-mongering by misusing our diligent National Guard troops," her statement said. Trump's promise to build a wall on the border, with construction paid for by Mexico, was a key message of his 2016 campaign. Mexico has refused to fund the project and Congress rejected Trump's demands for $5.7 billion in funding for the project. That triggered a 35-day partial US government shutdown, the longest in the nation's history.

In defiance of Trump, New Mexico governor pulls National Guard troops from US-Mexico border

<a href="http://www.wionews.com/world/the-proper-wall-never-got-built-i-will-get-it-built-says-trump-during-state-of-the-union-address-195465">The proper wall never got built, I will get it built, says Trump during State of the Union address</a>

US President Trump during his State of the Union address said he had called up another 3,750 troops to stop "organised caravans marching towards America".

"I have ordered another 3,750 troops for our southern border because organised caravans are marching towards America."

<a href="http://www.wionews.com/india-news/india-launches-communication-satellite-onboard-european-launch-vehicle-195457">Watch: India launches communication satellite GSAT-31 onboard European launch vehicle</a>

India's latest communication satellite GSAT-31 was successfully launched by European launch services provider- Arianespace rocket from French Guiana in the early hours of Wednesday.

<a href="http://www.wionews.com/world/pakistan-should-cease-undermining-regional-stability-us-commander-votel-to-lawmakers-195458">Pakistan should cease undermining regional stability: US commander Votel to lawmakers</a>

Militants operating out of Pakistan and Afghanistan continue to threaten Afghan stability as well as stoke tensions between Pakistan and India, and the US looks to Islamabad to cease behaviour undermining regional stability, a top Pentagon commander said on Tuesday.

<a href="http://www.wionews.com/world/priests-bishops-sexually-abused-nuns-pope-francis-admits-publicly-195459">Priests, bishops sexually abused nuns, Pope Francis admits publicly</a>

"There are some priests and also bishops who have done it," the pontiff said in response to a journalist's question on the abuse of nuns, speaking on the return flight from his trip to the United Arab Emirates.

<a href="http://www.wionews.com/india-news/go-to-shillong-it-is-a-cool-place-cji-ranjan-gogoi-to-cbi-kolkata-police-commissioner-195460">Go to Shillong, it is a cool place: CJI Ranjan Gogoi tells CBI, Kolkata Police Commissioner</a>

Amid the massive drama between the Central Bureau of Investigation and the Kolkata Police Commissioner, the Supreme Court observed in a lighter note that both parties must go to the "cool place" that Shillong is.&nbsp;

The proper wall never got built, I will get it built, says Trump during State of the Union address US President Trump during his State of the Union address said he had called up another 3,750 troops to stop "organised caravans marching towards America".

The proper wall never got built, I will get it built, says Trump during State of the Union address US President Trump during his State of the Union address said he had called up another 3,750 troops to stop "organised caravans marching towards America". "I have ordered another 3,750 troops for our southern border because organised caravans are marching towards America." Watch: India launches communication satellite GSAT-31 onboard European launch vehicle India's latest communication satellite GSAT-31 was successfully launched by European launch services provider- Arianespace rocket from French Guiana in the early hours of Wednesday. Pakistan should cease undermining regional stability: US commander Votel to lawmakers Militants operating out of Pakistan and Afghanistan continue to threaten Afghan stability as well as stoke tensions between Pakistan and India, and the US looks to Islamabad to cease behaviour undermining regional stability, a top Pentagon commander said on Tuesday. Priests, bishops sexually abused nuns, Pope Francis admits publicly "There are some priests and also bishops who have done it," the pontiff said in response to a journalist's question on the abuse of nuns, speaking on the return flight from his trip to the United Arab Emirates. Go to Shillong, it is a cool place: CJI Ranjan Gogoi tells CBI, Kolkata Police Commissioner Amid the massive drama between the Central Bureau of Investigation and the Kolkata Police Commissioner, the Supreme Court observed in a lighter note that both parties must go to the "cool place" that Shillong is.

News brief: Big stories of the day

Donald Trump's former lawyer Michael Cohen delayed his closed-door testimony planned for Friday before the US House Intelligence Committee, the panel said in a statement on Wednesday.

It was the second appearance Cohen has cancelled before Congress.&nbsp;

Last month, he postponed a public congressional hearing, citing threats from Trump, before later agreeing to testify behind closed doors.

Last year in December Cohen claimed that Trump was aware that the hush money payments were wrong.&nbsp;

News agency AFP quoted Cohen as saying, "Trump knew hush-money payments were wrong".

Michael Cohen has been sentenced to three years in jail for his role in the payment of hush money to women who said they had affairs with Trump and for lying to Congress about a proposed Trump Tower project in Russia discussed during the 2016 election campaign.

Donald Trump's former lawyer Michael Cohen delayed his closed-door testimony planned for Friday before the US House Intelligence Committee, the panel said in a statement on Wednesday.

Donald Trump's former lawyer Michael Cohen delayed his closed-door testimony planned for Friday before the US House Intelligence Committee, the panel said in a statement on Wednesday. It was the second appearance Cohen has cancelled before Congress. Last month, he postponed a public congressional hearing, citing threats from Trump, before later agreeing to testify behind closed doors. Last year in December Cohen claimed that Trump was aware that the hush money payments were wrong. News agency AFP quoted Cohen as saying, "Trump knew hush-money payments were wrong". Michael Cohen has been sentenced to three years in jail for his role in the payment of hush money to women who said they had affairs with Trump and for lying to Congress about a proposed Trump Tower project in Russia discussed during the 2016 election campaign.

Former Trump lawyer Cohen delays congressional testimony until February 28

By Jeffrey Fields 
 
Secretary of State Mike Pompeo announced February 1 that the United States would withdraw from its nuclear weapons treaty with Russia.

Since the Obama administration, the US&nbsp;has accused Russia of being in violation of the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty, which prohibits the US&nbsp;and Russia from developing certain types of ballistic and cruise missiles. A day after Pompeo’s announcement, President Vladimir Putin announced that Russia would also suspend its participation in the treaty.

The treaty is not dead yet. The announcements serve as the six month’s notice required by the treaty before parties can withdraw. There is still time to reconcile differences.

But I don’t think that will happen.

I worked on issues related to arms control and nuclear nonproliferation at both the State Department and Department of Defense.

Here’s why a resolution is unlikely.

Cold War context

In the 1970s, the Soviet Union began placing missiles in strategic locations within its territory that could each carry three nuclear warheads a distance of about 2,500 miles.

These SS-20 missles were in a category of weapons called “intermediate-range ballistic missiles.” The missiles could strike almost all 29 member states of the North Atlantaic Treaty Organisation with the exception of the US and Canada.

At the time, NATO did not have a way to address the new threat through diplomacy with the Soviets. Nor did they have equivalent missiles capable of striking strategic locations in the Soviet Union from Western Europe.

The US&nbsp;sought to reassure NATO allies and deter a nuclear Soviet attack on Western Europe. In the early 1980s, it placed the Pershing II ballistic missile, as well as other missiles in Belgium, Italy, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom and West Germany.

The move was designed in part to counter the Soviet missile threat, and also persuade the Soviets to negotiate to limit the number of intermediate and short-range missiles on both sides in Europe and the Soviet Union.

Terms of the treaty

Negotiations between the US and Soviet Union began in 1979 in the late stages of the Carter administration. The aim was to limit the number of intermediate-range missiles each could deploy. The negotiations carried over into the Reagan administration with various proposals on how many missiles each side could have and where they were be allowed to be placed.

In 1987, Mikhail Gorbachev proposed eliminating all short- and intermediate-range missiles. This led to the landmark INF Treaty that banned the entire class of missiles. The treaty was signed by Presidents Reagan and Gorbachev on December 8, 1987.

Both sides agreed to eliminate all existing cruise and ballistic missiles that could be launched from the ground (as opposed to from the sea or sky) and had a range between roughly 300 and 3,400 miles. They also pledged to “not have such systems thereafter.”

Before the treaty’s implementation deadline in 1991, the US and Russia destroyed more than 2,500 missiles covered by the treaty.

Nuclear powers beyond Russia

The United States first became concerned with Russian compliance with the treaty in 2014, when it alleged that Russia had tested a missile that violated the range restrictions of the treaty. Russia denied the accusation.

Meanwhile, countries such as China, Iran or North Korea, are not constrained by any treaties related to developing missiles that can carry nuclear weapons. These countries have continued to develop or are considering developing such missile technology.

Russia began to fear in the mid-2000s that the treaty was constraining its military options.

Some analysts have argued the US&nbsp;should abandon the INF Treaty for this same reason – not because of Russian noncompliance, but because it limits US&nbsp;military options vis-à-vis China. The treaty prohibits the US&nbsp;from putting ground-launched, short-range missiles in places like Japan. Trump’s national security adviser John Bolton is a firm proponent of this approach.

Prospects for the treaty don’t look good.

Russia has long denied being in violation of the treaty. The Trump administration is sceptical of arms control in general and has plans to continue modernising the US nuclear arsenal.

Unbound by the treaty, the US could develop new nuclear weapons systems in East Asia to counter Chinese military advances. The treaty’s demise seems likely. What follows depends on several variables, especially the outcome of the US 2020 presidential election.

(Jeffrey Fields is Associate Professor of the Practice of International Relations, University of Southern California)

(This article was originally published on The Conversation. Read the <a href="https://theconversation.com/a-nuclear-treaty-between-russia-and-the-us-is-falling-apart-can-it-be-saved-111024">original article</a>)

(Disclaimer: The opinions expressed above are the personal views of the author and do not reflect the views of ZMCL)

By Jeffrey Fields Secretary of State Mike Pompeo announced February 1 that the United States would withdraw from its nuclear weapons treaty with Russia. Since the Obama administration, the US has accused Russia of being in violation of the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty, which prohibits the US and Russia from developing certain types of ballistic and cruise missiles.

By Jeffrey Fields Secretary of State Mike Pompeo announced February 1 that the United States would withdraw from its nuclear weapons treaty with Russia. Since the Obama administration, the US has accused Russia of being in violation of the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty, which prohibits the US and Russia from developing certain types of ballistic and cruise missiles. A day after Pompeo’s announcement, President Vladimir Putin announced that Russia would also suspend its participation in the treaty. The treaty is not dead yet. The announcements serve as the six month’s notice required by the treaty before parties can withdraw. There is still time to reconcile differences. But I don’t think that will happen. I worked on issues related to arms control and nuclear nonproliferation at both the State Department and Department of Defense. Here’s why a resolution is unlikely. Cold War context In the 1970s, the Soviet Union began placing missiles in strategic locations within its territory that could each carry three nuclear warheads a distance of about 2,500 miles. These SS-20 missles were in a category of weapons called “intermediate-range ballistic missiles.” The missiles could strike almost all 29 member states of the North Atlantaic Treaty Organisation with the exception of the US and Canada. At the time, NATO did not have a way to address the new threat through diplomacy with the Soviets. Nor did they have equivalent missiles capable of striking strategic locations in the Soviet Union from Western Europe. The US sought to reassure NATO allies and deter a nuclear Soviet attack on Western Europe. In the early 1980s, it placed the Pershing II ballistic missile, as well as other missiles in Belgium, Italy, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom and West Germany. The move was designed in part to counter the Soviet missile threat, and also persuade the Soviets to negotiate to limit the number of intermediate and short-range missiles on both sides in Europe and the Soviet Union. Terms of the treaty Negotiations between the US and Soviet Union began in 1979 in the late stages of the Carter administration. The aim was to limit the number of intermediate-range missiles each could deploy. The negotiations carried over into the Reagan administration with various proposals on how many missiles each side could have and where they were be allowed to be placed. In 1987, Mikhail Gorbachev proposed eliminating all short- and intermediate-range missiles. This led to the landmark INF Treaty that banned the entire class of missiles. The treaty was signed by Presidents Reagan and Gorbachev on December 8, 1987. Both sides agreed to eliminate all existing cruise and ballistic missiles that could be launched from the ground (as opposed to from the sea or sky) and had a range between roughly 300 and 3,400 miles. They also pledged to “not have such systems thereafter.” Before the treaty’s implementation deadline in 1991, the US and Russia destroyed more than 2,500 missiles covered by the treaty. Nuclear powers beyond Russia The United States first became concerned with Russian compliance with the treaty in 2014, when it alleged that Russia had tested a missile that violated the range restrictions of the treaty. Russia denied the accusation. Meanwhile, countries such as China, Iran or North Korea, are not constrained by any treaties related to developing missiles that can carry nuclear weapons. These countries have continued to develop or are considering developing such missile technology. Russia began to fear in the mid-2000s that the treaty was constraining its military options. Some analysts have argued the US should abandon the INF Treaty for this same reason – not because of Russian noncompliance, but because it limits US military options vis-à-vis China. The treaty prohibits the US from putting ground-launched, short-range missiles in places like Japan. Trump’s national security adviser John Bolton is a firm proponent of this approach. Prospects for the treaty don’t look good. Russia has long denied being in violation of the treaty. The Trump administration is sceptical of arms control in general and has plans to continue modernising the US nuclear arsenal. Unbound by the treaty, the US could develop new nuclear weapons systems in East Asia to counter Chinese military advances. The treaty’s demise seems likely. What follows depends on several variables, especially the outcome of the US 2020 presidential election. (Jeffrey Fields is Associate Professor of the Practice of International Relations, University of Southern California) (This article was originally published on The Conversation. Read the original article) (Disclaimer: The opinions expressed above are the personal views of the author and do not reflect the views of ZMCL)

A nuclear treaty between Russia and the US is falling apart – can it be saved?

President <a href="http://www.wionews.com/world/the-proper-wall-never-got-built-i-will-get-it-built-says-trump-during-state-of-the-union-address-195465">Donald Trump</a> told <a href="http://www.wionews.com/world/nato-treated-us-unfairly-says-trump-during-state-of-the-union-address-195468">Americans</a> in his <a href="http://www.wionews.com/world/this-year-us-astronauts-will-go-back-to-space-in-american-rockets-says-trump-in-state-of-the-union-address-195461">State of the Union</a> address on Tuesday that he will hold a two-day summit with North Korea leader Kim Jong Un February 27-28 in Vietnam to continue his efforts to persuade Kim to give up his nuclear weapons.

The summit would be the second between the two leaders. Kim and Trump met in Singapore last year, marking the first bilateral meeting between leaders of the two countries.

“Much work remains to be done, but my relationship with Kim Jong-un is a good one. And Chairman Kim and I will meet again on February 27 and 28 in Vietnam," Trump said.

“If I had not been elected president of the United States, we would right now, in my opinion, be in a major war with North Korea,” he declared.

Since his first meeting with Kim, Trump said: “Our hostages have come home, nuclear testing has stopped, and there has not been a missile launch in more than 15 months," he added.

US Special Representative for North Korea Stephen Biegun will visit Pyongyang on Wednesday (February 6) and meet his North Korean counterpart Kim Hyok Chol to discuss the second meeting between the leaders of the two countries.

(With inputs from agencies)

President Donald Trump told Americans in his State of the Union address on Tuesday that he will hold a two-day summit with North Korea leader Kim Jong Un February 27-28 in Vietnam to continue his efforts to persuade Kim to give up his nuclear weapons.

President Donald Trump told Americans in his State of the Union address on Tuesday that he will hold a two-day summit with North Korea leader Kim Jong Un February 27-28 in Vietnam to continue his efforts to persuade Kim to give up his nuclear weapons. The summit would be the second between the two leaders. Kim and Trump met in Singapore last year, marking the first bilateral meeting between leaders of the two countries. “Much work remains to be done, but my relationship with Kim Jong-un is a good one. And Chairman Kim and I will meet again on February 27 and 28 in Vietnam," Trump said. “If I had not been elected president of the United States, we would right now, in my opinion, be in a major war with North Korea,” he declared. Since his first meeting with Kim, Trump said: “Our hostages have come home, nuclear testing has stopped, and there has not been a missile launch in more than 15 months," he added. US Special Representative for North Korea Stephen Biegun will visit Pyongyang on Wednesday (February 6) and meet his North Korean counterpart Kim Hyok Chol to discuss the second meeting between the leaders of the two countries. (With inputs from agencies)

I will meet North Korea's Kim in Vietnam on February 27-28: Trump in State of the Union address

Venezuelan military officers blocked a bridge on the border with Colombia ahead of an anticipated humanitarian aid shipment, as opposition leader <a href="http://www.wionews.com/world/venezuelas-guaido-challenging-maduro-through-humanitarian-aid-195434">Juan Guaido stepped up his challenge</a> to President Nicolas Maduro's authority.

Earlier Tuesday the opposition-dominated National Assembly had warned the armed forces, which make up much of Maduro's power base, not to cross a "red line" by blocking aid.

Guaido, who proclaimed himself acting president on January 23 -- sparking an international crisis -- claims that up to 300,000 people face death if the aid is not delivered.

"You know there's a red line, you know well there's a limit, you know that medicines, food and medical supplies are that limit," lawmaker Miguel Pizarro said in a message to the military.

Maduro, though, said humanitarian aid would be the forerunner of a US-led invasion, insisting that "no one will enter, not one invading soldier."

Venezuelan military officers used a tanker truck and huge shipping container to block access to the Tienditas bridge, which links Cucuta, Colombia to Urena, Venezuela.

Franklyn Duarte, an opposition lawmaker from the border state of Tachira, told AFP that troops from the armed forces were blocking the crossing.

The aid delivery was being coordinated by Guaido, who has declared himself interim president of the oil-rich country and now enjoys the backing of some 40 countries as Venezuela's legitimate leader.

Maduro, 56, has repeatedly accused the United States of fomenting a coup.

The US, which has not ruled out military intervention in crisis-wracked Venezuela, was the first to recognize him as acting president, followed by a dozen Latin American countries.

In his State of the Union address Tuesday night, <a href="http://www.wionews.com/world/i-will-meet-north-koreas-kim-jong-un-in-vietnam-on-february-27-28-trump-in-state-of-the-union-address-195467">President Donald Trump</a> reaffirmed US support for Guaido, saying "we stand with the Venezuelan people in their noble quest for freedom."

Britain, France, Germany and Spain were among 20 EU nations to side with Guaido this week after Maduro ignored their demands that he announce new presidential elections by February 3

Interference&nbsp;

Guaido is trying to force Maduro from power, set up a transitional government and hold a new presidential poll.

He thanked his EU supporters "for supporting all Venezuelans in this struggle we undertake to rescue our nation's democracy, freedom and justice."

But key Maduro ally Russia slammed what it called interference in the oil-rich but now poor Latin American country, saying it was an attempt to "legitimize usurped power."

Turkey's President Recep Tayyip Erdogan accused the EU of trying to "topple the government by violence and ruse," while berating the US for treating Venezuela like "one of your states."

Guaido, 35, claims his legitimacy from the constitution and has been ramping up pressure on Maduro by calling his supporters out into the streets.

The next mass demonstration is due for February 12.

Guaido must still find a way to bring in the humanitarian aid given the military's loyalty to Maduro.

He accused the military on Monday of planning to divert aid being stockpiled in Colombia, Brazil and an unidentified Caribbean island, in order to distribute it through the socialist government's subsidized food program for its own supporters.

The National Assembly said the military must decide whether it is on the side of the people or "the problem."

Guaido knows he needs the armed forces on his side to dislodge Maduro. He was boosted on Saturday by the defection of a top air force general.

His fledgling alternative administration will hold talks in Washington February 14 on responding to "the largest hemispheric humanitarian crisis in modern history."

Maduro disclosed Monday that he sent Pope Francis a letter seeking help in mediating the country's crisis. The pope told journalists Tuesday that this would require agreement from both the government and the opposition.

"Getting close to both sides to enact the possibilities of dialogue. That's how diplomacy works," the pope said on the plane bringing him back from the United Arab Emirates. &nbsp; &nbsp;

'Confrontation'&nbsp;

Eurasia Group analysts say the humanitarian crisis "represents a lose-lose gambit for Maduro" who will either have to allow the goods to enter the country, further bolstering Guaido, or force the military to block their entry, risking a backlash in the streets.

Maduro, though, remains steadfast.

"Venezuela doesn't have to beg to anyone," he said. "If they want to help, then end the blockade and the sanctions."

Under Maduro's stewardship, oil-dependent Venezuela has plunged into an economic crisis, suffering from hyperinflation and shortages of food and medicine.

Eurasia said US oil sanctions are "set to have a broad impact" with the government facing "the prospect of running out of gasoline, which could serve as another social catalyst."

Maduro won't cave&nbsp;

Guaido branded Maduro illegitimate over his reelection in May, which the opposition boycotted after several of its leaders were either jailed, barred or forced into exile.

The US and EU dismissed the elections as a fraud.

Maduro has flatly rejected demands for new elections, telling Spanish television he would not "cave in to pressure."&nbsp;

He has supported plans for a meeting of Latin American and EU states in a "Contact Group" in Montevideo on Thursday, though.

The United Nations said 40 people were killed in clashes with security forces in a week of protests last month, coinciding with Guaido's self-proclamation as acting leader. Local NGO Foro Penal said almost 1,000 people were detained between January 21 and 31.

Venezuelan military officers blocked a bridge on the border with Colombia ahead of an anticipated humanitarian aid shipment, as opposition leader Juan Guaido stepped up his challenge to President Nicolas Maduro's authority.

Venezuelan military officers blocked a bridge on the border with Colombia ahead of an anticipated humanitarian aid shipment, as opposition leader Juan Guaido stepped up his challenge to President Nicolas Maduro's authority. Earlier Tuesday the opposition-dominated National Assembly had warned the armed forces, which make up much of Maduro's power base, not to cross a "red line" by blocking aid. Guaido, who proclaimed himself acting president on January 23 -- sparking an international crisis -- claims that up to 300,000 people face death if the aid is not delivered. "You know there's a red line, you know well there's a limit, you know that medicines, food and medical supplies are that limit," lawmaker Miguel Pizarro said in a message to the military. Maduro, though, said humanitarian aid would be the forerunner of a US-led invasion, insisting that "no one will enter, not one invading soldier." Venezuelan military officers used a tanker truck and huge shipping container to block access to the Tienditas bridge, which links Cucuta, Colombia to Urena, Venezuela. Franklyn Duarte, an opposition lawmaker from the border state of Tachira, told AFP that troops from the armed forces were blocking the crossing. The aid delivery was being coordinated by Guaido, who has declared himself interim president of the oil-rich country and now enjoys the backing of some 40 countries as Venezuela's legitimate leader. Maduro, 56, has repeatedly accused the United States of fomenting a coup. The US, which has not ruled out military intervention in crisis-wracked Venezuela, was the first to recognize him as acting president, followed by a dozen Latin American countries. In his State of the Union address Tuesday night, President Donald Trump reaffirmed US support for Guaido, saying "we stand with the Venezuelan people in their noble quest for freedom." Britain, France, Germany and Spain were among 20 EU nations to side with Guaido this week after Maduro ignored their demands that he announce new presidential elections by February 3 Interference Guaido is trying to force Maduro from power, set up a transitional government and hold a new presidential poll. He thanked his EU supporters "for supporting all Venezuelans in this struggle we undertake to rescue our nation's democracy, freedom and justice." But key Maduro ally Russia slammed what it called interference in the oil-rich but now poor Latin American country, saying it was an attempt to "legitimize usurped power." Turkey's President Recep Tayyip Erdogan accused the EU of trying to "topple the government by violence and ruse," while berating the US for treating Venezuela like "one of your states." Guaido, 35, claims his legitimacy from the constitution and has been ramping up pressure on Maduro by calling his supporters out into the streets. The next mass demonstration is due for February 12. Guaido must still find a way to bring in the humanitarian aid given the military's loyalty to Maduro. He accused the military on Monday of planning to divert aid being stockpiled in Colombia, Brazil and an unidentified Caribbean island, in order to distribute it through the socialist government's subsidized food program for its own supporters. The National Assembly said the military must decide whether it is on the side of the people or "the problem." Guaido knows he needs the armed forces on his side to dislodge Maduro. He was boosted on Saturday by the defection of a top air force general. His fledgling alternative administration will hold talks in Washington February 14 on responding to "the largest hemispheric humanitarian crisis in modern history." Maduro disclosed Monday that he sent Pope Francis a letter seeking help in mediating the country's crisis. The pope told journalists Tuesday that this would require agreement from both the government and the opposition. "Getting close to both sides to enact the possibilities of dialogue. That's how diplomacy works," the pope said on the plane bringing him back from the United Arab Emirates. 'Confrontation' Eurasia Group analysts say the humanitarian crisis "represents a lose-lose gambit for Maduro" who will either have to allow the goods to enter the country, further bolstering Guaido, or force the military to block their entry, risking a backlash in the streets. Maduro, though, remains steadfast. "Venezuela doesn't have to beg to anyone," he said. "If they want to help, then end the blockade and the sanctions." Under Maduro's stewardship, oil-dependent Venezuela has plunged into an economic crisis, suffering from hyperinflation and shortages of food and medicine. Eurasia said US oil sanctions are "set to have a broad impact" with the government facing "the prospect of running out of gasoline, which could serve as another social catalyst." Maduro won't cave Guaido branded Maduro illegitimate over his reelection in May, which the opposition boycotted after several of its leaders were either jailed, barred or forced into exile. The US and EU dismissed the elections as a fraud. Maduro has flatly rejected demands for new elections, telling Spanish television he would not "cave in to pressure." He has supported plans for a meeting of Latin American and EU states in a "Contact Group" in Montevideo on Thursday, though. The United Nations said 40 people were killed in clashes with security forces in a week of protests last month, coinciding with Guaido's self-proclamation as acting leader. Local NGO Foro Penal said almost 1,000 people were detained between January 21 and 31.

Venezuela's military blocks humanitarian aid shipment

When US President Donald Trump delivers his second<a href="http://www.wionews.com/world/pelosi-invites-trump-to-deliver-state-of-the-union-address-188179"> State of the Union speech to Congress </a>today, his guests will include Joshua Trump, a sixth grader passionate about science and animals.

The youngster isn't a member of the president's family, but instead a boy from Wilmington, Delaware, who has been bullied in school as a result of his last name, according to a short statement issued the White House.

"He appreciates science, art, and history," the statement said.

"He also loves animals and hopes to pursue a related career in the future," it continued, adding young Trump's hero and best friend is his Uncle Cody, a member of the United States Air Force.

"Unfortunately, Joshua has been bullied in school due to his last name. He is thankful to the First Lady and the Trump family for their support," the statement concluded.

The president, first lady, and the 535 members of Congress are permitted to invite guests to the annual speech, a key fixture in the American political calendar which sees the US leader tout their successes and outline goals.

The first couple's other guests include family members of Gerald and Sharon David, an elderly couple killed in January allegedly by an undocumented immigrant; and Matthew Charles, a former drug dealer who turned his life around in prison and was the first person released under a criminal justice reform law passed in December.

When US President Donald Trump delivers his second State of the Union speech to Congress today, his guests will include Joshua Trump, a sixth grader passionate about science and animals.

When US President Donald Trump delivers his second State of the Union speech to Congress today, his guests will include Joshua Trump, a sixth grader passionate about science and animals. The youngster isn't a member of the president's family, but instead a boy from Wilmington, Delaware, who has been bullied in school as a result of his last name, according to a short statement issued the White House. "He appreciates science, art, and history," the statement said. "He also loves animals and hopes to pursue a related career in the future," it continued, adding young Trump's hero and best friend is his Uncle Cody, a member of the United States Air Force. "Unfortunately, Joshua has been bullied in school due to his last name. He is thankful to the First Lady and the Trump family for their support," the statement concluded. The president, first lady, and the 535 members of Congress are permitted to invite guests to the annual speech, a key fixture in the American political calendar which sees the US leader tout their successes and outline goals. The first couple's other guests include family members of Gerald and Sharon David, an elderly couple killed in January allegedly by an undocumented immigrant; and Matthew Charles, a former drug dealer who turned his life around in prison and was the first person released under a criminal justice reform law passed in December.

Joshua Trump, 'bullied' sixth grade student to attend President Trump's State of the Union speech

<a href="http://www.wionews.com/world/bona-fide-leader-of-democrats-stacey-abrams-to-counter-trump-speech-195377">President Donald Trump</a> on Tuesday was set to deliver a <a href="http://www.wionews.com/india-news/eye-on-india-in-state-of-the-union-address-trump-to-speak-on-reciprocal-trade-act-195242">State of the Union speech</a> challenging Democrats to approve funding for his long-sought border wall, but stopping short of declaring a national emergency over it, at least for now.

At 9 pm EST before a joint session of Congress, Trump will likely stir contention with remarks on immigration policy, after his demand for $5.7 billion in wall funds triggered a historic 35-day partial government shutdown that more than half of Americans blamed him for, according to Reuters/Ipsos polling.

Millions of Americans were expected to be watching the address on television, giving Trump his biggest opportunity to date to explain why he believes a barrier is needed on the US southern border with Mexico. The speech was delayed for a week because of the shutdown that ended on January 25.

When he takes centre stage in the chamber of the House of Representatives for the big speech, sitting behind him over his shoulder will be his main congressional adversary, Democrat Nancy Pelosi, who became House speaker after her party won control of the chamber in November's elections.

She has shown no sign of budging from her opposition to Trump's wall-funding demand. That has led Trump to contemplate declaring a national emergency, which he says would let him reallocate funding from elsewhere without congressional action.

But a source close to Trump said the president was not expected to take that step, which would likely draw a swift court challenge from Democrats. Instead, he will urge a congressional committee to do a border security deal by February 15.

"He's going to set the stage," the source said. "He'll tell people: 'Here's why I should,' but say: 'I'm giving Congress another chance to act.'"

Trump's speech will also offer an olive branch to opponents as he looks toward the 2020 election, targeting areas he sees for potential bipartisan agreement, such as infrastructure improvements, lowering prescription drug costs and healthcare.

A senior administration official said Trump would "encourage Congress to reject the politics of resistance and retribution, and instead adopt a spirit of cooperation and compromise so we can achieve it."

But that message could be undermined with Trump threatening to go his own way on the wall if he cannot get Congress to approve the funding he wants. On Sunday, Trump tweeted: "If there is no Wall, there is no Security." He has said the wall, which he promised in his 2016 campaign, is needed to deter illegal immigration and drugs.

Some Republicans are urging Trump not to declare an emergency. "I'm for whatever works that prevents the level of dysfunction we've seen on full display here the last month, and also doesn't bring about a view on the president's part that he needs to declare a national emergency," Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell told reporters last week.

FOREIGN POLICY

Trump will also address foreign policy, including support for an effort to coax Venezuelan President Nicolas Maduro into leaving power, declaring the Islamic State militant group all but defeated, and perhaps announcing where he will next meet North Korean leader Kim Jong Un. He will also give an update on trade talks with the Chinese.

Trump, Vice President Mike Pence and White House acting Chief of Staff Mick Mulvaney went over the speech on Monday night with about a dozen supporters including former campaign aides Corey Lewandowski and David Bossie, as well as Matt Schlapp, chairman of the American Conservative Union, a source familiar with the meeting said.

The source said Trump would discuss troop drawdowns in Syria and Afghanistan, and that about half the speech would be devoted to foreign policy.

Trump will also claim success on economic policy, including cutting federal regulations, the source said.

Some Democrats have invited guests to the speech to highlight various causes, some at odds with Trump’s policies, making a raucous atmosphere possible inside the House chamber.

Representative Pramila Jayapal said on Monday she would invite climate scientist Lisa Graumlich, dean of the College of the Environment at the University of Washington, as her guest, to underscore the climate change issue.

"One thing you will see is that the chamber is full and the president is surrounded by women, by people of colour, by individuals who have really been hurt by this president and many of the actions that he has taken,” Jayapal said.

Republican strategist and former White House official Raj Shah said the speech offered Trump a chance to turn the page.

"Washington right now looks a little bit petty and a little bit small and the State of the Union is an opportunity to go big and talk in broad themes about what’s good about America and look beyond some of the issues of the last few weeks," he said.

President Donald Trump on Tuesday was set to deliver a State of the Union speech challenging Democrats to approve funding for his long-sought border wall, but stopping short of declaring a national emergency over it, at least for now.

President Donald Trump on Tuesday was set to deliver a State of the Union speech challenging Democrats to approve funding for his long-sought border wall, but stopping short of declaring a national emergency over it, at least for now. At 9 pm EST before a joint session of Congress, Trump will likely stir contention with remarks on immigration policy, after his demand for $5.7 billion in wall funds triggered a historic 35-day partial government shutdown that more than half of Americans blamed him for, according to Reuters/Ipsos polling. Millions of Americans were expected to be watching the address on television, giving Trump his biggest opportunity to date to explain why he believes a barrier is needed on the US southern border with Mexico. The speech was delayed for a week because of the shutdown that ended on January 25. When he takes centre stage in the chamber of the House of Representatives for the big speech, sitting behind him over his shoulder will be his main congressional adversary, Democrat Nancy Pelosi, who became House speaker after her party won control of the chamber in November's elections. She has shown no sign of budging from her opposition to Trump's wall-funding demand. That has led Trump to contemplate declaring a national emergency, which he says would let him reallocate funding from elsewhere without congressional action. But a source close to Trump said the president was not expected to take that step, which would likely draw a swift court challenge from Democrats. Instead, he will urge a congressional committee to do a border security deal by February 15. "He's going to set the stage," the source said. "He'll tell people: 'Here's why I should,' but say: 'I'm giving Congress another chance to act.'" Trump's speech will also offer an olive branch to opponents as he looks toward the 2020 election, targeting areas he sees for potential bipartisan agreement, such as infrastructure improvements, lowering prescription drug costs and healthcare. A senior administration official said Trump would "encourage Congress to reject the politics of resistance and retribution, and instead adopt a spirit of cooperation and compromise so we can achieve it." But that message could be undermined with Trump threatening to go his own way on the wall if he cannot get Congress to approve the funding he wants. On Sunday, Trump tweeted: "If there is no Wall, there is no Security." He has said the wall, which he promised in his 2016 campaign, is needed to deter illegal immigration and drugs. Some Republicans are urging Trump not to declare an emergency. "I'm for whatever works that prevents the level of dysfunction we've seen on full display here the last month, and also doesn't bring about a view on the president's part that he needs to declare a national emergency," Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell told reporters last week. FOREIGN POLICY Trump will also address foreign policy, including support for an effort to coax Venezuelan President Nicolas Maduro into leaving power, declaring the Islamic State militant group all but defeated, and perhaps announcing where he will next meet North Korean leader Kim Jong Un. He will also give an update on trade talks with the Chinese. Trump, Vice President Mike Pence and White House acting Chief of Staff Mick Mulvaney went over the speech on Monday night with about a dozen supporters including former campaign aides Corey Lewandowski and David Bossie, as well as Matt Schlapp, chairman of the American Conservative Union, a source familiar with the meeting said. The source said Trump would discuss troop drawdowns in Syria and Afghanistan, and that about half the speech would be devoted to foreign policy. Trump will also claim success on economic policy, including cutting federal regulations, the source said. Some Democrats have invited guests to the speech to highlight various causes, some at odds with Trump’s policies, making a raucous atmosphere possible inside the House chamber. Representative Pramila Jayapal said on Monday she would invite climate scientist Lisa Graumlich, dean of the College of the Environment at the University of Washington, as her guest, to underscore the climate change issue. "One thing you will see is that the chamber is full and the president is surrounded by women, by people of colour, by individuals who have really been hurt by this president and many of the actions that he has taken,” Jayapal said. Republican strategist and former White House official Raj Shah said the speech offered Trump a chance to turn the page. "Washington right now looks a little bit petty and a little bit small and the State of the Union is an opportunity to go big and talk in broad themes about what’s good about America and look beyond some of the issues of the last few weeks," he said.

In State of Union speech Wednesday, Trump again expected to make case for his border wall

President Donald Trump promises a shift to sunny optimism in the State of the Union speech but with his congressional Democratic nemesis seated right behind him, will he be able to resist throwing his usual thunderbolts?

The annual presidential speech to Congress is typically a ritualistic set piece, bloated by lofty rhetoric and endless ovations.

Trump's dramatically delayed State of the Union on Tuesday is, like the president himself, less predictable.

The White House is flagging an "optimistic," "unifying," even "visionary" speech to mark this presidency's midway point. In an excerpt released Friday, Trump predicts Republicans and Democrats can "break decades of political stalemate."

But the mood in Washington is as hostile as it has been for years following the confrontation between Trump and the Democratic-led House of Representatives over his demand for funding for a US-Mexico border wall.

Already, the row has triggered a crippling five-week partial shutdown of government and led to the State of the Union speech itself being put off by a week.

And who'll be sitting on a dais just a few feet behind Trump when he speaks? The House Democrats' steely speaker Nancy Pelosi.

Wall fight

Pelosi has frustrated Trump since December by pushing back against the wall project. Neither is there much sign of a thaw ahead of the president's February 15 deadline for Congress finally to come up with funding or face renewed conflict.

Pelosi, Trump said in an interview with CBS television's "Face the Nation" Sunday talkshow, is "rigid" and "very bad for the country."

If Congress doesn't relent, Trump says he could repeat his government shutdown tactic, which earlier this year led to the temporary freezing of 800,000 federal jobs.

Alternatively, he could bypass Congress altogether, declaring a national emergency due to what he claims is an invasion of criminals along the border, thereby attempting to secure wall funds unilaterally.

It's a move that would spark uproar and lawsuits accusing Trump of manufacturing a crisis for his own political gain.

But not only is an emergency declaration a real possibility, it could, Trump has teased, be unleashed during his speech.

Achievements and threats

Traditionally, the State of the Union is a showcase for the president's accomplishments and broad new proposals.

Trump can be counted on to tout the strength of the US economy, a key message in his looming 2020 reelection campaign. The White House says he will also propose federal infrastructure spending, an area where Democrats could conceivably join forces with the government.

More contentiously, Trump will claim foreign policy successes.

That means defending his push -- criticized by some in the security services and the Republicans -- to withdraw US soldiers from Syria and Afghanistan as soon as possible.

Trump is likewise expected to update Congress on China trade talks and on his intention to hold a second summit with reclusive North Korean leader Kim Jong Un, whom he is trying to persuade to give up nuclear weapons.

And he may use the high-profile occasion to dial up the pressure on Venezuela's leftist leader Nicolas Maduro -- with opposition leader Juan Guaido's envoy to Washington among the top guests invited to attend.

At each listing of successes, Trump will see Republican legislators rise to clap.

The opposition, however, may greet much of the speech with silence or even the odd heckle, like the "You lie!" yelled at Barack Obama in 2009.

Democrats are lining up ahead of the 2020 polls to take on a president they see as already badly wounded.

Among those watching Trump from the chamber will be members of House investigative committees determined to probe the president's personal finances and other sensitive areas.

That's on top of the huge report by special prosecutor Robert Mueller, who is charged with examining alleged collusion between the Trump election campaign and the Kremlin.

So Trump could breathe fire during his big speech. But Pelosi and her Democrats will be breathing down his neck.

President Donald Trump promises a shift to sunny optimism in the State of the Union speech but with his congressional Democratic nemesis seated right behind him, will he be able to resist throwing his usual thunderbolts?

President Donald Trump promises a shift to sunny optimism in the State of the Union speech but with his congressional Democratic nemesis seated right behind him, will he be able to resist throwing his usual thunderbolts? The annual presidential speech to Congress is typically a ritualistic set piece, bloated by lofty rhetoric and endless ovations. Trump's dramatically delayed State of the Union on Tuesday is, like the president himself, less predictable. The White House is flagging an "optimistic," "unifying," even "visionary" speech to mark this presidency's midway point. In an excerpt released Friday, Trump predicts Republicans and Democrats can "break decades of political stalemate." But the mood in Washington is as hostile as it has been for years following the confrontation between Trump and the Democratic-led House of Representatives over his demand for funding for a US-Mexico border wall. Already, the row has triggered a crippling five-week partial shutdown of government and led to the State of the Union speech itself being put off by a week. And who'll be sitting on a dais just a few feet behind Trump when he speaks? The House Democrats' steely speaker Nancy Pelosi. Wall fight Pelosi has frustrated Trump since December by pushing back against the wall project. Neither is there much sign of a thaw ahead of the president's February 15 deadline for Congress finally to come up with funding or face renewed conflict. Pelosi, Trump said in an interview with CBS television's "Face the Nation" Sunday talkshow, is "rigid" and "very bad for the country." If Congress doesn't relent, Trump says he could repeat his government shutdown tactic, which earlier this year led to the temporary freezing of 800,000 federal jobs. Alternatively, he could bypass Congress altogether, declaring a national emergency due to what he claims is an invasion of criminals along the border, thereby attempting to secure wall funds unilaterally. It's a move that would spark uproar and lawsuits accusing Trump of manufacturing a crisis for his own political gain. But not only is an emergency declaration a real possibility, it could, Trump has teased, be unleashed during his speech. Achievements and threats Traditionally, the State of the Union is a showcase for the president's accomplishments and broad new proposals. Trump can be counted on to tout the strength of the US economy, a key message in his looming 2020 reelection campaign. The White House says he will also propose federal infrastructure spending, an area where Democrats could conceivably join forces with the government. More contentiously, Trump will claim foreign policy successes. That means defending his push -- criticized by some in the security services and the Republicans -- to withdraw US soldiers from Syria and Afghanistan as soon as possible. Trump is likewise expected to update Congress on China trade talks and on his intention to hold a second summit with reclusive North Korean leader Kim Jong Un, whom he is trying to persuade to give up nuclear weapons. And he may use the high-profile occasion to dial up the pressure on Venezuela's leftist leader Nicolas Maduro -- with opposition leader Juan Guaido's envoy to Washington among the top guests invited to attend. At each listing of successes, Trump will see Republican legislators rise to clap. The opposition, however, may greet much of the speech with silence or even the odd heckle, like the "You lie!" yelled at Barack Obama in 2009. Democrats are lining up ahead of the 2020 polls to take on a president they see as already badly wounded. Among those watching Trump from the chamber will be members of House investigative committees determined to probe the president's personal finances and other sensitive areas. That's on top of the huge report by special prosecutor Robert Mueller, who is charged with examining alleged collusion between the Trump election campaign and the Kremlin. So Trump could breathe fire during his big speech. But Pelosi and her Democrats will be breathing down his neck.

Trump promises sunny State of Union speech but clouds thicken

Nobel Peace Prize winner Nadia Murad and Venezuelan opposition leader <a href="http://www.wionews.com/world/lima-group-canada-call-for-peaceful-change-without-military-intervention-in-venezuela-government-195182">Juan Guaido</a>'s envoy to Washington are among the top guests invited to attend US President Donald Trump's State of the Union address, lawmakers announced Monday.

In keeping with tradition, the 535 members of the US Congress may invite someone to accompany them to the annual speech, to be held Tuesday, where the president is expected to tout his accomplishments and outlines his vision for the future.

It's an occasion for the Democrats, Republicans and independents of the 100-member Senate and 435-member House of Representatives to bring guests who symbolize policy goals and bring attention to the causes they hold dear.

Murad, an Iraqi Yazidi woman who escaped the clutches of the Islamic State group to become a leading campaigner against sexual violence in war, and Carlos Vecchio, whom the US has recognized as Venezuela's top diplomat in Washington, are among the high-profile guests this year.

Murad was invited by Jeff Fortenberry, a Republican congressman for Nebraska, who said the 26-year-old's tale "is a story the world needs to hear."

"I am so honoured that she will be my guest at this year's State of the Union," he added.

IS fighters swept into Murad's village, Kojo, in August 2014, killing the men, taking children captive to train them as fighters and condemning thousands of women to a life of forced labour and sexual slavery.

Murad was taken to Mosul, the Iraqi "capital" of the IS's self-declared caliphate. She was held captive there and repeatedly gang-raped, tortured and beaten.

IS fighters wanted "to take our honour, but they lost their honour," she has said about the ordeal.

'Tireless advocate'

Vecchio, who has lived in exile since 2014, was invited by Republican Senator Marco Rubio of Florida, who has called him a "tireless advocate for the restoration of democracy and freedom of his beloved homeland."

"I anticipate President Trump will reemphasize his administration's stance against tyrannical leaders in Latin America and in support of the people of Venezuela," Rubio said.

Venezuelan opposition chief Juan Guaido declared himself interim president last month, triggering an ongoing standoff with socialist leader Nicolas Maduro.

Britain, France and Spain were among 16 European nations to side with Guaido on Monday, following in the footsteps of key regional powers and the United States, which has refused to rule out military intervention in the crisis-wracked country.

Republican Senator Thom Tillis meanwhile announced he would be bringing Pastor Andrew Brunson, who was freed from a Turkish jail after spending a year and a half there and becoming a cause celebre for Trump's conservative Christian base.

Democratic Senator Jeff Merkeley of Oregon will be accompanied by a Guatemalan mother and daughter who were separated at the Mexico border in 2018 -- highlighting the plight of thousands of others who faced similar circumstances due to Trump's hardline immigration policies.

Republicans, on the other hand, have invited border patrol agents who fiercely defend the president's fight against illegal border crossings.

Nobel Peace Prize winner Nadia Murad and Venezuelan opposition leader Juan Guaido's envoy to Washington are among the top guests invited to attend US President Donald Trump's State of the Union address, lawmakers announced Monday.

Nobel Peace Prize winner Nadia Murad and Venezuelan opposition leader Juan Guaido's envoy to Washington are among the top guests invited to attend US President Donald Trump's State of the Union address, lawmakers announced Monday. In keeping with tradition, the 535 members of the US Congress may invite someone to accompany them to the annual speech, to be held Tuesday, where the president is expected to tout his accomplishments and outlines his vision for the future. It's an occasion for the Democrats, Republicans and independents of the 100-member Senate and 435-member House of Representatives to bring guests who symbolize policy goals and bring attention to the causes they hold dear. Murad, an Iraqi Yazidi woman who escaped the clutches of the Islamic State group to become a leading campaigner against sexual violence in war, and Carlos Vecchio, whom the US has recognized as Venezuela's top diplomat in Washington, are among the high-profile guests this year. Murad was invited by Jeff Fortenberry, a Republican congressman for Nebraska, who said the 26-year-old's tale "is a story the world needs to hear." "I am so honoured that she will be my guest at this year's State of the Union," he added. IS fighters swept into Murad's village, Kojo, in August 2014, killing the men, taking children captive to train them as fighters and condemning thousands of women to a life of forced labour and sexual slavery. Murad was taken to Mosul, the Iraqi "capital" of the IS's self-declared caliphate. She was held captive there and repeatedly gang-raped, tortured and beaten. IS fighters wanted "to take our honour, but they lost their honour," she has said about the ordeal. 'Tireless advocate' Vecchio, who has lived in exile since 2014, was invited by Republican Senator Marco Rubio of Florida, who has called him a "tireless advocate for the restoration of democracy and freedom of his beloved homeland." "I anticipate President Trump will reemphasize his administration's stance against tyrannical leaders in Latin America and in support of the people of Venezuela," Rubio said. Venezuelan opposition chief Juan Guaido declared himself interim president last month, triggering an ongoing standoff with socialist leader Nicolas Maduro. Britain, France and Spain were among 16 European nations to side with Guaido on Monday, following in the footsteps of key regional powers and the United States, which has refused to rule out military intervention in the crisis-wracked country. Republican Senator Thom Tillis meanwhile announced he would be bringing Pastor Andrew Brunson, who was freed from a Turkish jail after spending a year and a half there and becoming a cause celebre for Trump's conservative Christian base. Democratic Senator Jeff Merkeley of Oregon will be accompanied by a Guatemalan mother and daughter who were separated at the Mexico border in 2018 -- highlighting the plight of thousands of others who faced similar circumstances due to Trump's hardline immigration policies. Republicans, on the other hand, have invited border patrol agents who fiercely defend the president's fight against illegal border crossings.

Nobel laureate Nadia Murad, Juan Guaido's envoy among top guests for Trump's State of Union address

The Trump administration has notified<a href="http://www.wionews.com/world/ivanka-trump-backing-indra-nooyi-to-be-next-world-bank-chief-report-190611"> World Bank </a>shareholders that President Donald Trump intends to pick senior Treasury Department official David Malpass as the US&nbsp;nominee to lead the development lender, people familiar with the decision said on Monday.

The nomination of Malpass would put a Trump loyalist and a sceptic of multilateral institutions in line to lead the world's largest development lender. Politico, which first reported the decision, said it would be announced on Wednesday, citing unidentified administration officials.

A White House spokeswoman declined to comment, and a spokesman for the US Treasury did not respond to queries about the decision.

A European diplomatic source said the Trump administration had notified several capitals of the Malpass nomination, adding that European shareholders of the bank were not likely to block it.

Malpass or any other US nominee would still need to win approval from the World Bank's 12-member executive board. While the United States controls the largest share of board voting power and has traditionally chosen the World Bank's leader, challengers could emerge.

If approved, Malpass, the US Treasury's top diplomat as undersecretary for international affairs, would replace Jim Yong Kim in the role. Kim stepped down on Feb. 1 to join private equity fund Global Infrastructure Partners, more than three years before his term ended, amid differences with the Trump administration over climate change and development resources.

Malpass in 2017 criticized the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund and other multilateral institutions for growing larger, more "intrusive" and "entrenched."

Over the past two years, Malpass has also pushed for the World Bank to halt lending to China, which he says is too wealthy for such aid, especially when Beijing has subjected some developing countries including Sri Lanka and Pakistan to crushing debt loads with its "Belt and Road" infrastructure development program. China is the World Bank's third-largest shareholder after Japan.

But last year, Malpass helped negotiate a package of World Bank lending reforms tied to a $13 billion capital increase that aimed to limit the bank's lending and focus resources more on poorer countries. The reforms seek to "graduate" countries to private-sector lending and limit World Bank staff salary growth.

Malpass, 62, was an economic adviser to Trump during his 2016 election campaign. He served as chief economist at Bear Stearns and Co prior to its 2008 collapse and served at the Treasury and State Departments under Presidents Ronald Reagan and George HW Bush.

The Trump administration has notified World Bank shareholders that President Donald Trump intends to pick senior Treasury Department official David Malpass as the US nominee to lead the development lender, people familiar with the decision said on Monday.

The Trump administration has notified World Bank shareholders that President Donald Trump intends to pick senior Treasury Department official David Malpass as the US nominee to lead the development lender, people familiar with the decision said on Monday. The nomination of Malpass would put a Trump loyalist and a sceptic of multilateral institutions in line to lead the world's largest development lender. Politico, which first reported the decision, said it would be announced on Wednesday, citing unidentified administration officials. A White House spokeswoman declined to comment, and a spokesman for the US Treasury did not respond to queries about the decision. A European diplomatic source said the Trump administration had notified several capitals of the Malpass nomination, adding that European shareholders of the bank were not likely to block it. Malpass or any other US nominee would still need to win approval from the World Bank's 12-member executive board. While the United States controls the largest share of board voting power and has traditionally chosen the World Bank's leader, challengers could emerge. If approved, Malpass, the US Treasury's top diplomat as undersecretary for international affairs, would replace Jim Yong Kim in the role. Kim stepped down on Feb. 1 to join private equity fund Global Infrastructure Partners, more than three years before his term ended, amid differences with the Trump administration over climate change and development resources. Malpass in 2017 criticized the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund and other multilateral institutions for growing larger, more "intrusive" and "entrenched." Over the past two years, Malpass has also pushed for the World Bank to halt lending to China, which he says is too wealthy for such aid, especially when Beijing has subjected some developing countries including Sri Lanka and Pakistan to crushing debt loads with its "Belt and Road" infrastructure development program. China is the World Bank's third-largest shareholder after Japan. But last year, Malpass helped negotiate a package of World Bank lending reforms tied to a $13 billion capital increase that aimed to limit the bank's lending and focus resources more on poorer countries. The reforms seek to "graduate" countries to private-sector lending and limit World Bank staff salary growth. Malpass, 62, was an economic adviser to Trump during his 2016 election campaign. He served as chief economist at Bear Stearns and Co prior to its 2008 collapse and served at the Treasury and State Departments under Presidents Ronald Reagan and George HW Bush.

Trump plans to nominate Treasury's Malpass to lead World Bank: Politico

<a href="http://www.wionews.com/world/withdrawal-risks-hard-won-gains-national-security-us-senate-resolution-on-trumps-syria-pull-out-195191">'Withdrawal risks hard-won gains &amp; national security': US Senate resolution on Trump's Syria pull out</a>

The US Senate has approved by a large majority an amendment critical of President Donald Trump's decision to withdraw troops from Syria and Afghanistan, in a sign of the deep discontent caused by the policies within his own Republican ranks.

<a href="http://www.wionews.com/india-news/defrauded-chit-fund-investors-say-betrayed-by-west-bengals-move-to-stop-cbi-195181">Defrauded chit fund investors say 'betrayed' by West Bengal's move to stop CBI</a>

The defrauded investors and agents of various chit fund companies on Monday said they feel "betrayed" by the West Bengal government's move to stop CBI officers from interrogating the Kolkata Police commissioner and accused the Trinamool Congress dispensation of trying to hide the truth behind the multi-crore scam.

<a href="http://www.wionews.com/world/huawei-cfo-wanzhou-may-fight-extradition-by-claiming-us-political-motive-report-195186">Huawei CFO Wanzhou may fight extradition by claiming US political motive: Report</a>

Huawei executive Meng Wanzhou, who was arrested in Canada and faces possible extradition to the United States, is exploring a defence that claims US charges against her are politically motivated, the Globe and Mail newspaper reported on Monday.

<a href="http://www.wionews.com/world/lima-group-canada-call-for-peaceful-change-without-military-intervention-in-venezuela-government-195182">Lima Group, Canada call for peaceful change without military intervention in Venezuela government</a>

The Lima Group of Latin American countries and Canada called Monday for a peaceful change in government in Venezuela, without military intervention.

<a href="http://www.wionews.com/world/death-toll-in-brazil-dam-disaster-rises-to-134-199-still-missing-195188">Death</a><a href="http://www.wionews.com/world/death-toll-in-brazil-dam-disaster-rises-to-134-199-still-missing-195188"> toll in Brazil dam disaster rises to 134, 199 still missing</a>

The toll from a dam collapse at a mine in southeast Brazil has risen to 134 deaths after more than a week of searches, with 199 missing, authorities said Monday.

&nbsp;

&nbsp;

'Withdrawal risks hard-won gains & national security': US Senate resolution on Trump's Syria pull out The US Senate has approved by a large majority an amendment critical of President Donald Trump's decision to withdraw troops from Syria and Afghanistan, in a sign of the deep discontent caused by the policies within his own Republican ranks.

'Withdrawal risks hard-won gains & national security': US Senate resolution on Trump's Syria pull out The US Senate has approved by a large majority an amendment critical of President Donald Trump's decision to withdraw troops from Syria and Afghanistan, in a sign of the deep discontent caused by the policies within his own Republican ranks. Defrauded chit fund investors say 'betrayed' by West Bengal's move to stop CBI The defrauded investors and agents of various chit fund companies on Monday said they feel "betrayed" by the West Bengal government's move to stop CBI officers from interrogating the Kolkata Police commissioner and accused the Trinamool Congress dispensation of trying to hide the truth behind the multi-crore scam. Huawei CFO Wanzhou may fight extradition by claiming US political motive: Report Huawei executive Meng Wanzhou, who was arrested in Canada and faces possible extradition to the United States, is exploring a defence that claims US charges against her are politically motivated, the Globe and Mail newspaper reported on Monday. Lima Group, Canada call for peaceful change without military intervention in Venezuela government The Lima Group of Latin American countries and Canada called Monday for a peaceful change in government in Venezuela, without military intervention. Death toll in Brazil dam disaster rises to 134, 199 still missing The toll from a dam collapse at a mine in southeast Brazil has risen to 134 deaths after more than a week of searches, with 199 missing, authorities said Monday.

The US special envoy for North Korea will meet with his North Korean counterpart on Wednesday in Pyongyang to<a href="http://www.wionews.com/world/us-calls-on-north-korea-to-provide-full-list-of-weapons-programs-to-seal-peace-deal-194181"> prepare for a summit</a> later this month between President Donald Trump and North Korean leader Kim Jong Un, the US State Department said on Monday.

The US&nbsp;envoy Stephen Biegun said last week he aimed in working-level negotiations with his new North Korean counterpart Kim Hyok Chol to map out "a set of concrete deliverables" for the second summit between Trump and Kim Jong Un.

Biegun said he would be aiming for "a roadmap of negotiations and declarations going forward, and a shared understanding of the desired outcomes of our joint efforts."

An unprecedented first summit between Trump and Kim Jong Un last June in Singapore yielded a vague commitment by Kim to work towards the denuclearisation of the Korean peninsula, where US&nbsp;troops have been stationed since the 1950-53 Korean War.

In the US view, Pyongyang has yet to take concrete steps to give up a nuclear weapons programme that threatens the United States, while North Korea has complained that Washington has done little to reciprocate its freezing of nuclear and missile testing and dismantling of some nuclear facilities.

Pyongyang has repeatedly urged a lifting of punishing US-led sanctions, a formal end to the war, and security guarantees.

On Thursday, Biegun said Kim Jong Un had committed during an October visit by US&nbsp;Secretary of State Mike Pompeo to the dismantling and destruction his country's plutonium and uranium enrichment facilities in return for "corresponding measures" from the United States.

Biegun said such corresponding steps would be the subject of this week's talks and Washington was willing to discuss "many actions" to improve ties and entice Pyongyang to give up its nuclear weapons. At the same time, he set out an extensive list of demands, including a full disclosure of North Korea's arms programme.

Biegun held talks with South Korean officials in Seoul on Sunday and Monday.

Trump on Thursday hailed "tremendous progress" in his dealings with North Korea and said the date and location of a second summit would be announced "early next week" - probably during his State of the Union speech on Tuesday.

Vietnam's central resort town of Danang has been seen as the most likely location.

The director of US national intelligence, Dan Coats, told Congress on Tuesday that North Korea was unlikely to give up all its nuclear weapons and has continued activity inconsistent with pledges to denuclearise.

The US special envoy for North Korea will meet with his North Korean counterpart on Wednesday in Pyongyang to prepare for a summit later this month between President Donald Trump and North Korean leader Kim Jong Un, the US State Department said on Monday.

The US special envoy for North Korea will meet with his North Korean counterpart on Wednesday in Pyongyang to prepare for a summit later this month between President Donald Trump and North Korean leader Kim Jong Un, the US State Department said on Monday. The US envoy Stephen Biegun said last week he aimed in working-level negotiations with his new North Korean counterpart Kim Hyok Chol to map out "a set of concrete deliverables" for the second summit between Trump and Kim Jong Un. Biegun said he would be aiming for "a roadmap of negotiations and declarations going forward, and a shared understanding of the desired outcomes of our joint efforts." An unprecedented first summit between Trump and Kim Jong Un last June in Singapore yielded a vague commitment by Kim to work towards the denuclearisation of the Korean peninsula, where US troops have been stationed since the 1950-53 Korean War. In the US view, Pyongyang has yet to take concrete steps to give up a nuclear weapons programme that threatens the United States, while North Korea has complained that Washington has done little to reciprocate its freezing of nuclear and missile testing and dismantling of some nuclear facilities. Pyongyang has repeatedly urged a lifting of punishing US-led sanctions, a formal end to the war, and security guarantees. On Thursday, Biegun said Kim Jong Un had committed during an October visit by US Secretary of State Mike Pompeo to the dismantling and destruction his country's plutonium and uranium enrichment facilities in return for "corresponding measures" from the United States. Biegun said such corresponding steps would be the subject of this week's talks and Washington was willing to discuss "many actions" to improve ties and entice Pyongyang to give up its nuclear weapons. At the same time, he set out an extensive list of demands, including a full disclosure of North Korea's arms programme. Biegun held talks with South Korean officials in Seoul on Sunday and Monday. Trump on Thursday hailed "tremendous progress" in his dealings with North Korea and said the date and location of a second summit would be announced "early next week" - probably during his State of the Union speech on Tuesday. Vietnam's central resort town of Danang has been seen as the most likely location. The director of US national intelligence, Dan Coats, told Congress on Tuesday that North Korea was unlikely to give up all its nuclear weapons and has continued activity inconsistent with pledges to denuclearise.

US envoy to hold talks in North Korea on Wednesday

North Korea's nuclear programmes remain intact: UN Report

North Korea is working to ensure its nuclear and ballistic missile capabilities cannot be destroyed by military strikes, UN monitors said ahead of a meeting between US and North Korean officials to prepare a <a href="http://www.wionews.com/world/us-calls-on-north-korea-to-provide-full-list-of-weapons-programs-to-seal-peace-deal-194181">second denuclearisation summit</a>.

The US&nbsp;special envoy for North Korea, <a href="http://www.wionews.com/world/us-envoy-to-hold-talks-in-north-korea-on-wednesday-195180">Stephen Biegun</a>, will meet his North Korean counterpart on Wednesday in Pyongyang to prepare for a summit later this month between President Donald Trump and North Korean leader Kim Jong Un, the US State Department said on Monday.

Biegun has said he hoped the meeting with new North Korean counterpart Kim Hyok Chol would map out "a set of concrete deliverables" for the summit between Trump and Kim Jong Un.

Biegun, who held talks with South Korean officials in Seoul on Sunday and Monday, said he would be aiming for "a roadmap of negotiations and declarations going forward, and a shared understanding of the desired outcomes of our joint efforts".

South Korean officials said they and the United States could be looking at a compromise that could expedite North Korea's denuclearisation - the dismantling of the North's main Yongbyon nuclear complex, which could be reciprocated by US measures including formally ending the 1950-53 Korean War and setting up a liaison office.

But UN sanctions monitors said in a confidential report, submitted to a 15-member UN Security Council sanctions committee and seen by Reuters on Monday, that they had "found evidence of a consistent trend on the part of the DPRK to disperse its assembly, storage and testing locations", using the abbreviation for North Korea's official name, the Democratic People's Republic of Korea.

The North Korean mission to the United Nations did not immediately respond to a request for comment on the report, which was submitted to Security Council members on Friday.

The first summit between Trump and Kim Jong Un last June in Singapore yielded a vague commitment by Kim to work toward the denuclearisation of the Korean peninsula, where US troops have been stationed since the 1950-53 Korean War.

The Vietnamese resort town of Danang is seen as the most likely location for the next summit.

Trump last Thursday hailed "tremendous progress" in his dealings with North Korea, but the view in the United States is that it has yet to take concrete steps to give up its nuclear weapons program.

'Sanctions ineffective'

North Korea has complained the United States has done little to reciprocate its freezing of nuclear and missile testing and dismantling of some nuclear facilities.

It has also repeatedly urged a lifting of punishing US-led sanctions, a formal end to the war, and security guarantees.

The UN report said sanctions were proving ineffective.

"The country continues to defy Security Council resolutions through a massive increase in illegal ship-to-ship transfers of petroleum products and coal," the sanctions monitors found.

"These violations render the latest UN sanctions ineffective."

The monitors said they had evidence of one unprecedented prohibited petroleum product transfer of more than 57,600 barrels, worth more than $5.7 million.

North Korea has said it will never unilaterally give up its nuclear weapons unless the United States first removes any threat to it. North Korea has long demanded U.S. troops be withdrawn as a condition for peace.

The Korean War ended with an armistice that left the two Koreas technically still at war.

The United States has stressed that US troops are not a bargaining chip and South Korea has said US troops in the South were unrelated to any future peace treaty and that American forces should stay even if such an agreement is signed.

The US State Department said on Monday that Washington and Seoul had reached an agreement "in principle" on sharing the cost of stationing US troops in the Asian country.

CNN quoted a State Department official as saying that under the revised agreement, South Korea would boost its contribution to nearly $1 billion.

A 2014 deal that expired last year required South Korea to pay about 960 billion won ($848 million) a year for keeping some 28,500 US troops in South Korea. The allies had appeared unable to strike an accord to renew the deal despite 10 rounds of talks since March.

North Korea is working to ensure its nuclear and ballistic missile capabilities cannot be destroyed by military strikes, UN monitors said ahead of a meeting between US and North Korean officials to prepare a second denuclearisation summit.

North Korea is working to ensure its nuclear and ballistic missile capabilities cannot be destroyed by military strikes, UN monitors said ahead of a meeting between US and North Korean officials to prepare a second denuclearisation summit. The US special envoy for North Korea, Stephen Biegun, will meet his North Korean counterpart on Wednesday in Pyongyang to prepare for a summit later this month between President Donald Trump and North Korean leader Kim Jong Un, the US State Department said on Monday. Biegun has said he hoped the meeting with new North Korean counterpart Kim Hyok Chol would map out "a set of concrete deliverables" for the summit between Trump and Kim Jong Un. Biegun, who held talks with South Korean officials in Seoul on Sunday and Monday, said he would be aiming for "a roadmap of negotiations and declarations going forward, and a shared understanding of the desired outcomes of our joint efforts". South Korean officials said they and the United States could be looking at a compromise that could expedite North Korea's denuclearisation - the dismantling of the North's main Yongbyon nuclear complex, which could be reciprocated by US measures including formally ending the 1950-53 Korean War and setting up a liaison office. But UN sanctions monitors said in a confidential report, submitted to a 15-member UN Security Council sanctions committee and seen by Reuters on Monday, that they had "found evidence of a consistent trend on the part of the DPRK to disperse its assembly, storage and testing locations", using the abbreviation for North Korea's official name, the Democratic People's Republic of Korea. The North Korean mission to the United Nations did not immediately respond to a request for comment on the report, which was submitted to Security Council members on Friday. The first summit between Trump and Kim Jong Un last June in Singapore yielded a vague commitment by Kim to work toward the denuclearisation of the Korean peninsula, where US troops have been stationed since the 1950-53 Korean War. The Vietnamese resort town of Danang is seen as the most likely location for the next summit. Trump last Thursday hailed "tremendous progress" in his dealings with North Korea, but the view in the United States is that it has yet to take concrete steps to give up its nuclear weapons program. 'Sanctions ineffective' North Korea has complained the United States has done little to reciprocate its freezing of nuclear and missile testing and dismantling of some nuclear facilities. It has also repeatedly urged a lifting of punishing US-led sanctions, a formal end to the war, and security guarantees. The UN report said sanctions were proving ineffective. "The country continues to defy Security Council resolutions through a massive increase in illegal ship-to-ship transfers of petroleum products and coal," the sanctions monitors found. "These violations render the latest UN sanctions ineffective." The monitors said they had evidence of one unprecedented prohibited petroleum product transfer of more than 57,600 barrels, worth more than $5.7 million. North Korea has said it will never unilaterally give up its nuclear weapons unless the United States first removes any threat to it. North Korea has long demanded U.S. troops be withdrawn as a condition for peace. The Korean War ended with an armistice that left the two Koreas technically still at war. The United States has stressed that US troops are not a bargaining chip and South Korea has said US troops in the South were unrelated to any future peace treaty and that American forces should stay even if such an agreement is signed. The US State Department said on Monday that Washington and Seoul had reached an agreement "in principle" on sharing the cost of stationing US troops in the Asian country. CNN quoted a State Department official as saying that under the revised agreement, South Korea would boost its contribution to nearly $1 billion. A 2014 deal that expired last year required South Korea to pay about 960 billion won ($848 million) a year for keeping some 28,500 US troops in South Korea. The allies had appeared unable to strike an accord to renew the deal despite 10 rounds of talks since March.

North Korea protecting nuclear missiles, UN monitors say, ahead of summit talks

<a href="http://www.wionews.com/world/trump-says-he-does-not-necessarily-agree-with-intelligence-agencies-195057">US President Donald Trump</a>'s typical day starts late and is spent mostly watching TV, browsing newspapers and tweeting, according to a leak of the president's confidential schedule.

The weekend report on news site axios.com angered the White House, which did not deny the details of what appears to be a rather easy typical day at the office for the world's most powerful man.

Most days, Trump has no official work before 11:00 am, according to the daily guidance given to the media by the press office. That usually begins with the president receiving his intelligence briefing.

According to detailed private schedules published by Axios, things don't get much more hectic after that.

Sixty per cent of the president's work life is categorized as "executive time," meaning unstructured time to make phone calls, read newspapers, tweet and watch television.

Trump's personal secretary, Madeleine Westerhout, was not amused by the embarrassing report.

"What a disgraceful breach of trust to leak schedules," she tweeted, adding that the leaked documents in Axios don't show "the hundreds of calls and meetings @realDonaldTrump takes every day."

"This POTUS is working harder for the American people than anyone in recent history," she tweeted.

Monday's official schedule, released by the press office, indicated business as usual. Trump, who spent the weekend at his Florida golf club, was due to have his intelligence briefing at 11:45, followed by lunch with Vice President Mike Pence at 12:45.

No other events were listed.

US President Donald Trump's typical day starts late and is spent mostly watching TV, browsing newspapers and tweeting, according to a leak of the president's confidential schedule.

US President Donald Trump's typical day starts late and is spent mostly watching TV, browsing newspapers and tweeting, according to a leak of the president's confidential schedule. The weekend report on news site axios.com angered the White House, which did not deny the details of what appears to be a rather easy typical day at the office for the world's most powerful man. Most days, Trump has no official work before 11:00 am, according to the daily guidance given to the media by the press office. That usually begins with the president receiving his intelligence briefing. According to detailed private schedules published by Axios, things don't get much more hectic after that. Sixty per cent of the president's work life is categorized as "executive time," meaning unstructured time to make phone calls, read newspapers, tweet and watch television. Trump's personal secretary, Madeleine Westerhout, was not amused by the embarrassing report. "What a disgraceful breach of trust to leak schedules," she tweeted, adding that the leaked documents in Axios don't show "the hundreds of calls and meetings @realDonaldTrump takes every day." "This POTUS is working harder for the American people than anyone in recent history," she tweeted. Monday's official schedule, released by the press office, indicated business as usual. Trump, who spent the weekend at his Florida golf club, was due to have his intelligence briefing at 11:45, followed by lunch with Vice President Mike Pence at 12:45. No other events were listed.

Fire and fury in White House after Trump's daily schedule is leaked

<a href="http://www.wionews.com/world/us-sends-3750-more-troops-to-mexico-border-pentagon-194907">US</a><a href="http://www.wionews.com/world/us-sends-3750-more-troops-to-mexico-border-pentagon-194907"> to send 3,750 more troops to Mexico border: Pentagon</a>

The United States will send an additional 3,750 troops to its frontier with Mexico, the Pentagon said on Sunday, as President Donald Trump doubled down on his call for a wall to boost border security.

<a href="http://www.wionews.com/sports/footballer-emiliano-salas-missing-plane-found-claim-investigators-194908">Footballer Emiliano Sala's missing plane found, claim investigators</a>

The missing plane carrying Argentinian footballer Emiliano Sala and his pilot has been found, investigators told AFP on Sunday.

<a href="http://www.wionews.com/world/you-will-stain-the-presidency-with-blood-venezuelas-maduro-to-trump-194921">You will stain the presidency with blood: Venezuela's Maduro to Trump</a>

With hours to go until the deadline passes for Nicolas Maduro to call early elections in Venezuela, ousted President warned Donald Trump of a civil war if he continues to insist on overthrowing him.

<a href="http://www.wionews.com/india-news/cbi-to-move-supreme-court-against-detention-of-agency-officials-by-mamata-government-194919">CBI to move Supreme Court against </a><a href="http://www.wionews.com/india-news/cbi-to-move-supreme-court-against-detention-of-agency-officials-by-mamata-government-194919">detention</a><a href="http://www.wionews.com/india-news/cbi-to-move-supreme-court-against-detention-of-agency-officials-by-mamata-government-194919"> of agency officials by Mamata government</a>

The CBI will approach the Supreme Court against the wrongful detention of their officers outside Kolkata Commissioner Rajeev Kumar's residence on Sunday, said the central agency interim chief M Nageswara Rao.

<a href="http://www.wionews.com/india-news/will-return-padma-bhushan-if-government-doesnt-fulfil-promises-hazare-194913">Will return Padma Bhushan if </a><a href="http://www.wionews.com/india-news/will-return-padma-bhushan-if-government-doesnt-fulfil-promises-hazare-194913">government</a><a href="http://www.wionews.com/india-news/will-return-padma-bhushan-if-government-doesnt-fulfil-promises-hazare-194913"> doesn't fulfil promises: Hazare</a>

Social activist Anna Hazare, whose indefinite hunger strike entered the fifth day on Sunday, warned that if the Narendra Modi government did not fulfil its promises, he would return his Padma Bhushan.

 
&nbsp;

&nbsp;

US to send 3,750 more troops to Mexico border: Pentagon The United States will send an additional 3,750 troops to its frontier with Mexico, the Pentagon said on Sunday, as President Donald Trump doubled down on his call for a wall to boost border security.

US to send 3,750 more troops to Mexico border: Pentagon The United States will send an additional 3,750 troops to its frontier with Mexico, the Pentagon said on Sunday, as President Donald Trump doubled down on his call for a wall to boost border security. Footballer Emiliano Sala's missing plane found, claim investigators The missing plane carrying Argentinian footballer Emiliano Sala and his pilot has been found, investigators told AFP on Sunday. You will stain the presidency with blood: Venezuela's Maduro to Trump With hours to go until the deadline passes for Nicolas Maduro to call early elections in Venezuela, ousted President warned Donald Trump of a civil war if he continues to insist on overthrowing him. CBI to move Supreme Court against detention of agency officials by Mamata government The CBI will approach the Supreme Court against the wrongful detention of their officers outside Kolkata Commissioner Rajeev Kumar's residence on Sunday, said the central agency interim chief M Nageswara Rao. Will return Padma Bhushan if government doesn't fulfil promises: Hazare Social activist Anna Hazare, whose indefinite hunger strike entered the fifth day on Sunday, warned that if the Narendra Modi government did not fulfil its promises, he would return his Padma Bhushan.

With hours to go until the deadline passes for Nicolas Maduro to call early elections in Venezuela, ousted President warned <a href="http://www.wionews.com/world/guaido-being-targeted-by-venezuelas-supreme-court-trump-193904">Donald Trump </a>of a civil war if he continues to insist on overthrowing him.

Speaking in an interview with Spanish TV show 'Salvados' which broadcast on Sunday, Nicolas Maduro said, "You (Donald Trump) are making mistakes that are going to stain your hands with blood!"

Also read: <a href="http://www.wionews.com/world/venezuela-will-not-cave-into-pressure-says-maduro-rejecting-european-ultimatum-on-elections-194906">Will </a><a href="http://www.wionews.com/world/venezuela-will-not-cave-into-pressure-says-maduro-rejecting-european-ultimatum-on-elections-194906">not</a><a href="http://www.wionews.com/world/venezuela-will-not-cave-into-pressure-says-maduro-rejecting-european-ultimatum-on-elections-194906"> cave into pressure, says Maduro rejecting European ultimatum on elections</a>

"Stop! Stop! Donald Trump! You are making mistakes that are going to stain your hands with blood! And you are going to leave the presidency stained with blood," Maduro said.

While urging to respect each other, Maduro also said, "Bolivarians have the capacity of dialogue and understanding."

"Stop! Bolivarians have the capacity of dialogue and understanding. Let's respect each other. Or is it that you are going to repeat a Vietnam in Latin America? That's what I would say and repeat to him."

Venezuela President legitimacy has been in the crisis since January after <a href="http://www.wionews.com/world/venezuela-opposition-leader-juan-guaido-says-family-threatened-by-maduro-agents-194183">opposition leader Juan </a><a href="http://www.wionews.com/world/venezuela-opposition-leader-juan-guaido-says-family-threatened-by-maduro-agents-194183">Guiado</a><a href="http://www.wionews.com/world/venezuela-opposition-leader-juan-guaido-says-family-threatened-by-maduro-agents-194183"> </a>declared himself as an acting President. He also called the incumbent Nicolas Maduro's 2018 reelections invalid and the body that elevated him.

The crisis has sparked mass protest in the country with thousands of people demonstrating against Maduro.

However, Maduro's government says, the current crisis is a coup attempt led by the United States to topple him and control the country's vast oil reserves.

On Sunday Donald Trump said that sending the military to Venezuela was "an option" and that he had turned down President Nicolas Maduro's request for a meeting.

"Certainly, it's something that's on the - it's an option," Trump said in an interview with CBS to be broadcast on Sunday.

Trump said Maduro requested a meeting months ago and he turned down the Venezuela leader.

"I've turned it down because we're very far along in the process," he said in excerpts from a CBS "Face the Nation" interview.&nbsp;

Maduro also rejected the ultimatums he had been given by several European countries to call early elections, saying that he will not cave in to pressure.

"They are trying to corner us with ultimatums to force us into an extreme situation of confrontation," Maduro said.

Seven EU states had given Maduro a Sunday deadline to call snap presidential elections or see them recognize Guaido as interim president.

Maduro also called on Guaido to have a face to face conversation with him.

"He (Juan Guaido) should stop the strategy of the coup and stop simulating a presidency in which nobody elected him. And that if he wants to contribute to anything, to sit at a table to have a face to face conversation, direct. Let's talk, talk about the problems of the country and the solutions. Politics is not a child's game. Politics, at government levels and states, demands a lot of responsibility and sensibility. A lot of responsibility," Maduro said.

(With inputs from news agencies)

With hours to go until the deadline passes for Nicolas Maduro to call early elections in Venezuela, ousted President warned Donald Trump of a civil war if he continues to insist on overthrowing him.

With hours to go until the deadline passes for Nicolas Maduro to call early elections in Venezuela, ousted President warned Donald Trump of a civil war if he continues to insist on overthrowing him. Speaking in an interview with Spanish TV show 'Salvados' which broadcast on Sunday, Nicolas Maduro said, "You (Donald Trump) are making mistakes that are going to stain your hands with blood!" Also read: Will not cave into pressure, says Maduro rejecting European ultimatum on elections "Stop! Stop! Donald Trump! You are making mistakes that are going to stain your hands with blood! And you are going to leave the presidency stained with blood," Maduro said. While urging to respect each other, Maduro also said, "Bolivarians have the capacity of dialogue and understanding." "Stop! Bolivarians have the capacity of dialogue and understanding. Let's respect each other. Or is it that you are going to repeat a Vietnam in Latin America? That's what I would say and repeat to him." Venezuela President legitimacy has been in the crisis since January after opposition leader Juan Guiado declared himself as an acting President. He also called the incumbent Nicolas Maduro's 2018 reelections invalid and the body that elevated him. The crisis has sparked mass protest in the country with thousands of people demonstrating against Maduro. However, Maduro's government says, the current crisis is a coup attempt led by the United States to topple him and control the country's vast oil reserves. On Sunday Donald Trump said that sending the military to Venezuela was "an option" and that he had turned down President Nicolas Maduro's request for a meeting. "Certainly, it's something that's on the - it's an option," Trump said in an interview with CBS to be broadcast on Sunday. Trump said Maduro requested a meeting months ago and he turned down the Venezuela leader. "I've turned it down because we're very far along in the process," he said in excerpts from a CBS "Face the Nation" interview. Maduro also rejected the ultimatums he had been given by several European countries to call early elections, saying that he will not cave in to pressure. "They are trying to corner us with ultimatums to force us into an extreme situation of confrontation," Maduro said. Seven EU states had given Maduro a Sunday deadline to call snap presidential elections or see them recognize Guaido as interim president. Maduro also called on Guaido to have a face to face conversation with him. "He (Juan Guaido) should stop the strategy of the coup and stop simulating a presidency in which nobody elected him. And that if he wants to contribute to anything, to sit at a table to have a face to face conversation, direct. Let's talk, talk about the problems of the country and the solutions. Politics is not a child's game. Politics, at government levels and states, demands a lot of responsibility and sensibility. A lot of responsibility," Maduro said. (With inputs from news agencies)

You will stain the presidency with blood: Venezuela's Maduro to Trump

Venezuela's President <a href="http://www.wionews.com/world/venezuela-as-thousands-of-guaido-supporters-hit-streets-nicolas-maduro-calls-for-early-parliamentary-elections-194664">Nicolas Maduro</a> flatly rejected Sunday a call by European countries to call snap elections after opposition leader Juan Guaido declared himself the Latin American country's interim leader.

Maduro said in an interview with Spanish television station Sexta that he would not "cave in to pressure" from those calling for his departure.

"They are trying to corner us with ultimatums to force us into an extreme situation of confrontation," Maduro said.

Also read: <a href="http://www.wionews.com/world/turkey-says-countries-supporting-guaido-fuel-venezuela-crisis-194836">Turkey says countries supporting Guaido fuel Venezuela crisis</a>

Seven EU states had given Maduro a Sunday deadline to call snap presidential elections or see them recognize Guaido as interim president.

Guaido, already recognized by the <a href="http://www.wionews.com/world/trump-says-sending-military-to-venezuela-an-option-cbs-194884">United States</a>, Canada, Australia and several Latin American countries, said Sunday he would lobby the European Union for badly-needed humanitarian aid to a nation wracked by economic crisis.

"We are going to exercise our powers to deal with the crisis, restore democracy and achieve freedom," the 35-year-old National Assembly leader said on Twitter.

Guaido was also expected to announce a date for the arrival of humanitarian aid from the US -- a path President Maduro believes will lead to a US-led military intervention.

Guaido says up to 300,000 people are "at risk of death" in <a href="http://www.wionews.com/world/eu-latam-contact-group-on-venezuela-to-meet-on-december-7-194869">Venezuela</a> for want of humanitarian aid.

In Washington, US President Donald Trump warned that military intervention remains "an option" for dealing with the crisis in oil-rich but impoverished Venezuela.

Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau meanwhile held a phone call Sunday with Guaido, commending him for his "courage and leadership" and underscoring his call for fresh elections, according to a statement.

Earlier Sunday, Maduro addressed troops on military exercises in Venezuela's coastal northeast, calling on them for "maximum cohesion" a day after a top Air Force general publicly sided with Guaido.

The opposition "want to deliver the country in pieces to the gringo empire and the local oligarchies," Maduro told the soldiers.

Deadline looming

The US recognized Guaido as Venezuela's interim president on January 23 while seven European nations, including Britain, France, Germany and Spain, have said they will do likewise unless Maduro calls presidential elections.

Austria was the latest to join the group. Foreign Minister Sebastian Kurz announced the decision to back the ultimatum in a tweet on Sunday.

France warned Maduro of the approaching deadline and that it was preparing to recognize Guaido.

"If between now and this evening Mr Maduro does not commit to organizing presidential elections, we will consider that Mr Guaido is legitimate to organize them in his place," France's European Affairs Minister Nathalie Loiseau told French media on Sunday.

'Let's have elections'

Tens of thousands of people turned out Saturday for competing shows of support for Guaido, who stunned the world 11 days ago by declaring himself "acting president," and for Maduro who was sworn in on January 10 to a disputed second six-year term.

During the protest, Guaido announced the installation of collection centers for medicine and food -- items lacking in Venezuela -- in neighbouring Colombia and Brazil.

Speaking at a pro-regime demonstration marking 20 years since his predecessor Hugo Chavez came to power, Maduro ignored international demands for a new ballot and instead reiterated his call to bring forward legislative elections slated for the end of 2020 to this year.&nbsp;

"They want to bring forward elections, let's have elections," he said.

Maduro, making his first appearance at a rally since a military parade in August when he claimed to have been targeted in an attempted assassination, accused Guaido of being a US "puppet" in a coup d'etat attempt.

Under Maduro's stewardship, oil-dependent Venezuela has lurched into an economic crisis that has left the country suffering from hyperinflation and shortages of food and medicine.

But he refuses to let aid into the country. At his rally on Saturday, he called the opposition "imperialist beggars," claiming a US pledge to deliver $20 million in aid would precede military intervention.

'Decisive'

Guaido also called for a new demonstration on February 12, and another protest to push for the entry of aid.

Speaking at the European Union's headquarters in the east of the capital, he said this month "should be decisive."

All eyes are on the military, which has so far been Maduro's main pillar of support, but there have been signs of unrest in the ranks.

On January 21, a group of 27 soldiers rose up against Maduro in Caracas. Although that was quickly suppressed, it helped spark a week of protests in which 40 people were killed in clashes with security forces, with hundreds more arrested, according to the United Nations.

European and Latin American states have formed a "Contact Group" giving themselves 90 days to resolve the crisis. They will meet in the Uruguayan capital Montevideo next Thursday, the EU said.&nbsp;

Meanwhile, the 14-nation Lima Group -- made up of Canada and Latin American countries -- meets in Ottawa on Monday. Eleven of its members have recognized Guaido.

Guaido moved to expand his international support by reassuring China -- Venezuela's main creditor and a long-time ally of the socialist regime -- that he would honour bilateral agreements if successful in ousting Maduro.

Another key ally, Russia, hit out Sunday against "destructive outside interference" in Venezuela's problems.

Venezuela's President Nicolas Maduro flatly rejected Sunday a call by European countries to call snap elections after opposition leader Juan Guaido declared himself the Latin American country's interim leader.

Venezuela's President Nicolas Maduro flatly rejected Sunday a call by European countries to call snap elections after opposition leader Juan Guaido declared himself the Latin American country's interim leader. Maduro said in an interview with Spanish television station Sexta that he would not "cave in to pressure" from those calling for his departure. "They are trying to corner us with ultimatums to force us into an extreme situation of confrontation," Maduro said. Also read: Turkey says countries supporting Guaido fuel Venezuela crisis Seven EU states had given Maduro a Sunday deadline to call snap presidential elections or see them recognize Guaido as interim president. Guaido, already recognized by the United States, Canada, Australia and several Latin American countries, said Sunday he would lobby the European Union for badly-needed humanitarian aid to a nation wracked by economic crisis. "We are going to exercise our powers to deal with the crisis, restore democracy and achieve freedom," the 35-year-old National Assembly leader said on Twitter. Guaido was also expected to announce a date for the arrival of humanitarian aid from the US -- a path President Maduro believes will lead to a US-led military intervention. Guaido says up to 300,000 people are "at risk of death" in Venezuela for want of humanitarian aid. In Washington, US President Donald Trump warned that military intervention remains "an option" for dealing with the crisis in oil-rich but impoverished Venezuela. Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau meanwhile held a phone call Sunday with Guaido, commending him for his "courage and leadership" and underscoring his call for fresh elections, according to a statement. Earlier Sunday, Maduro addressed troops on military exercises in Venezuela's coastal northeast, calling on them for "maximum cohesion" a day after a top Air Force general publicly sided with Guaido. The opposition "want to deliver the country in pieces to the gringo empire and the local oligarchies," Maduro told the soldiers. Deadline looming The US recognized Guaido as Venezuela's interim president on January 23 while seven European nations, including Britain, France, Germany and Spain, have said they will do likewise unless Maduro calls presidential elections. Austria was the latest to join the group. Foreign Minister Sebastian Kurz announced the decision to back the ultimatum in a tweet on Sunday. France warned Maduro of the approaching deadline and that it was preparing to recognize Guaido. "If between now and this evening Mr Maduro does not commit to organizing presidential elections, we will consider that Mr Guaido is legitimate to organize them in his place," France's European Affairs Minister Nathalie Loiseau told French media on Sunday. 'Let's have elections' Tens of thousands of people turned out Saturday for competing shows of support for Guaido, who stunned the world 11 days ago by declaring himself "acting president," and for Maduro who was sworn in on January 10 to a disputed second six-year term. During the protest, Guaido announced the installation of collection centers for medicine and food -- items lacking in Venezuela -- in neighbouring Colombia and Brazil. Speaking at a pro-regime demonstration marking 20 years since his predecessor Hugo Chavez came to power, Maduro ignored international demands for a new ballot and instead reiterated his call to bring forward legislative elections slated for the end of 2020 to this year. "They want to bring forward elections, let's have elections," he said. Maduro, making his first appearance at a rally since a military parade in August when he claimed to have been targeted in an attempted assassination, accused Guaido of being a US "puppet" in a coup d'etat attempt. Under Maduro's stewardship, oil-dependent Venezuela has lurched into an economic crisis that has left the country suffering from hyperinflation and shortages of food and medicine. But he refuses to let aid into the country. At his rally on Saturday, he called the opposition "imperialist beggars," claiming a US pledge to deliver $20 million in aid would precede military intervention. 'Decisive' Guaido also called for a new demonstration on February 12, and another protest to push for the entry of aid. Speaking at the European Union's headquarters in the east of the capital, he said this month "should be decisive." All eyes are on the military, which has so far been Maduro's main pillar of support, but there have been signs of unrest in the ranks. On January 21, a group of 27 soldiers rose up against Maduro in Caracas. Although that was quickly suppressed, it helped spark a week of protests in which 40 people were killed in clashes with security forces, with hundreds more arrested, according to the United Nations. European and Latin American states have formed a "Contact Group" giving themselves 90 days to resolve the crisis. They will meet in the Uruguayan capital Montevideo next Thursday, the EU said. Meanwhile, the 14-nation Lima Group -- made up of Canada and Latin American countries -- meets in Ottawa on Monday. Eleven of its members have recognized Guaido. Guaido moved to expand his international support by reassuring China -- Venezuela's main creditor and a long-time ally of the socialist regime -- that he would honour bilateral agreements if successful in ousting Maduro. Another key ally, Russia, hit out Sunday against "destructive outside interference" in Venezuela's problems.

Venezuela: Will not cave into pressure, says Maduro rejecting European ultimatum on elections

The United States will send an additional 3,750 troops to its frontier with <a href="http://www.wionews.com/opinions/mexico-is-bleeding-can-its-new-president-stop-the-violence-193818">Mexico</a>, the Pentagon said on Sunday, as President Donald Trump doubled down on his call for a wall to boost border security.

Soldiers were originally deployed to the border under an order President Donald Trump gave before midterm elections in November as <a href="http://www.wionews.com/world/us-delays-returning-asylum-seekers-to-mexico-192849">"caravans" of migrants </a>made their way to the border to seek asylum from violence and poverty in their own countries.

But the mission, under which troops assist civilian border patrol agents by providing logistical support and installing concertina-wire fencing, has been described by opponents as a political stunt designed to create the illusion of a crisis.&nbsp;

"The Department of Defense will deploy approximately 3,750 additional US forces to provide the additional support to CBP (Customs and Border Protection) at the southwest border that Acting Secretary of Defense (Pat) Shanahan approved Jan. 11," a statement said.

This additional deployment is for three months, the statement added and will bring to 4,350 the total number of troops at the border.

Their tasks will include "a mobile surveillance capability through the end of September 2019, as well as the emplacement of approximately 150 miles of concertina wire between ports of entry."

The news comes ahead of a February 15 deadline that President Donald Trump set for Congress to agree on funding for building a border wall which he made a key pledge in his election campaign.

The president says that existing sections of walls should be extended along the border to stop what he describes as an uncontrolled invasion of criminals.

Trump underscored these claims Sunday. "With Caravans marching through Mexico and toward our Country, Republicans must be prepared to do whatever is necessary for STRONG Border Security," he tweeted.&nbsp;

"Dems do nothing. If there is no Wall, there is no Security. Human Trafficking, Drugs and Criminals of all dimensions - KEEP OUT!"

Democrats, who control the lower house, have repeatedly rejected Trump's funding demands, saying that he has made the wall project a political crusade to demonize immigrants and to satisfy his base.

He previously tried to pressure Congress into backing his idea by refusing to sign off on budgets for swathes of the federal government, leading to a five-week shutdown of some 800,000 government jobs.

The border troop deployment was one of several issues on which Trump and former defence secretary Jim Mattis disagreed before he quit in December after Trump's shock decision to pull troops from Syria.

The United States will send an additional 3,750 troops to its frontier with Mexico, the Pentagon said on Sunday, as President Donald Trump doubled down on his call for a wall to boost border security.

The United States will send an additional 3,750 troops to its frontier with Mexico, the Pentagon said on Sunday, as President Donald Trump doubled down on his call for a wall to boost border security. Soldiers were originally deployed to the border under an order President Donald Trump gave before midterm elections in November as "caravans" of migrants made their way to the border to seek asylum from violence and poverty in their own countries. But the mission, under which troops assist civilian border patrol agents by providing logistical support and installing concertina-wire fencing, has been described by opponents as a political stunt designed to create the illusion of a crisis. "The Department of Defense will deploy approximately 3,750 additional US forces to provide the additional support to CBP (Customs and Border Protection) at the southwest border that Acting Secretary of Defense (Pat) Shanahan approved Jan. 11," a statement said. This additional deployment is for three months, the statement added and will bring to 4,350 the total number of troops at the border. Their tasks will include "a mobile surveillance capability through the end of September 2019, as well as the emplacement of approximately 150 miles of concertina wire between ports of entry." The news comes ahead of a February 15 deadline that President Donald Trump set for Congress to agree on funding for building a border wall which he made a key pledge in his election campaign. The president says that existing sections of walls should be extended along the border to stop what he describes as an uncontrolled invasion of criminals. Trump underscored these claims Sunday. "With Caravans marching through Mexico and toward our Country, Republicans must be prepared to do whatever is necessary for STRONG Border Security," he tweeted. "Dems do nothing. If there is no Wall, there is no Security. Human Trafficking, Drugs and Criminals of all dimensions - KEEP OUT!" Democrats, who control the lower house, have repeatedly rejected Trump's funding demands, saying that he has made the wall project a political crusade to demonize immigrants and to satisfy his base. He previously tried to pressure Congress into backing his idea by refusing to sign off on budgets for swathes of the federal government, leading to a five-week shutdown of some 800,000 government jobs. The border troop deployment was one of several issues on which Trump and former defence secretary Jim Mattis disagreed before he quit in December after Trump's shock decision to pull troops from Syria.

US to send 3,750 more troops to Mexico border: Pentagon

Iraqi politicians on Monday hit back at Donald Trump after the US president said he plans to keep American forces in the country to spy on Iran.

In an interview with CBS television, Trump reaffirmed his determination to pull the United States out of "endless wars" in Syria and Afghanistan but said American troops would stay on in Iraq, partly "to be looking a little bit at Iran".

"We spent a fortune on building this incredible base. <a href="http://www.wionews.com/world/want-to-keep-us-military-in-iraq-to-watch-iran-says-trump-in-an-interview-with-cbs-194887">We might as well keep it</a>," he said, referring to Ain al-Asad air base in western Iraq that he visited in December.

"If somebody is looking to do nuclear weapons or other things, we're going to know it before they do," he said in the interview aired on Sunday.

His comments sparked a new round of demands in Baghdad for US forces to leave the country.

"The Iraqi constitution rejects the use of Iraq as a base for hitting or attacking a neighbouring country," President Barham Saleh said.

Saleh said US forces were in the country legally under an agreement between the two countries, but that "any action taken outside this framework is unacceptable".

Iraq's government plays a delicate balancing act between its two main allies, Washington and Tehran, which are bitter enemies.&nbsp;

The US has been leading a coalition to crush the Islamic State group which grabbed swathes of Syria and Iraq in 2014, and multiple offensives have since ousted the jihadists from all but a sliver of territory in eastern Syria.

Baghdad's position has also been complicated by Trump's shock December decision to pull troops out of neighbouring Syria, prompting pro-Iran factions to step up calls for an accelerated US withdrawal from Iraq.

Sabah al-Saadi, a member of parliament in the bloc led by influential anti-American Shiite cleric Moqtada Sadr, has proposed a bill demanding a US pullout.

Trump's latest remarks had made passing such a law "a national duty".

Deputy speaker of parliament Hassan Karim al-Kaabi, also close to Sadr, said they were a "new provocation", weeks after the US president sparked outrage in Iraq by visiting US troops at Ain al-Asad without meeting a single Iraqi official.

Officially, Iraq says there are no American bases on its soil -- only instructors deployed at Iraqi bases.

Kurdish MP Sarkawt Shams tweeted that the mission of US troops in Iraq was "to help Iraqi security forces against terrorism, not 'watching' others".

"We are expecting the United States to respect Our mutual interests and avoid pushing Iraq into a regional conflict," he said.

Washington has had troops in Iraq since the 2003 US-led invasion that toppled dictator Saddam Hussein. At the height of its fight against insurgents, it had up to 170,000 US troops in the country, before a partial withdrawal starting in late 2011.

Iraqi politicians on Monday hit back at Donald Trump after the US president said he plans to keep American forces in the country to spy on Iran. In an interview with CBS television, Trump reaffirmed his determination to pull the United States out of "endless wars" in Syria and Afghanistan but said American troops would stay on in Iraq, partly "to be looking a little bit at Iran".

Iraqi politicians on Monday hit back at Donald Trump after the US president said he plans to keep American forces in the country to spy on Iran. In an interview with CBS television, Trump reaffirmed his determination to pull the United States out of "endless wars" in Syria and Afghanistan but said American troops would stay on in Iraq, partly "to be looking a little bit at Iran". "We spent a fortune on building this incredible base. We might as well keep it," he said, referring to Ain al-Asad air base in western Iraq that he visited in December. "If somebody is looking to do nuclear weapons or other things, we're going to know it before they do," he said in the interview aired on Sunday. His comments sparked a new round of demands in Baghdad for US forces to leave the country. "The Iraqi constitution rejects the use of Iraq as a base for hitting or attacking a neighbouring country," President Barham Saleh said. Saleh said US forces were in the country legally under an agreement between the two countries, but that "any action taken outside this framework is unacceptable". Iraq's government plays a delicate balancing act between its two main allies, Washington and Tehran, which are bitter enemies. The US has been leading a coalition to crush the Islamic State group which grabbed swathes of Syria and Iraq in 2014, and multiple offensives have since ousted the jihadists from all but a sliver of territory in eastern Syria. Baghdad's position has also been complicated by Trump's shock December decision to pull troops out of neighbouring Syria, prompting pro-Iran factions to step up calls for an accelerated US withdrawal from Iraq. Sabah al-Saadi, a member of parliament in the bloc led by influential anti-American Shiite cleric Moqtada Sadr, has proposed a bill demanding a US pullout. Trump's latest remarks had made passing such a law "a national duty". Deputy speaker of parliament Hassan Karim al-Kaabi, also close to Sadr, said they were a "new provocation", weeks after the US president sparked outrage in Iraq by visiting US troops at Ain al-Asad without meeting a single Iraqi official. Officially, Iraq says there are no American bases on its soil -- only instructors deployed at Iraqi bases. Kurdish MP Sarkawt Shams tweeted that the mission of US troops in Iraq was "to help Iraqi security forces against terrorism, not 'watching' others". "We are expecting the United States to respect Our mutual interests and avoid pushing Iraq into a regional conflict," he said. Washington has had troops in Iraq since the 2003 US-led invasion that toppled dictator Saddam Hussein. At the height of its fight against insurgents, it had up to 170,000 US troops in the country, before a partial withdrawal starting in late 2011.

After Trump speaks, Iraqis demand US leave country

In the last few years the term ‘last helicopter’ has been synonymous with US withdrawal of its remaining rump military and civil elements from any expeditionary deployment abroad.

It originated with the final stages of the US pullout from Saigon, reportedly from atop the US embassy building by helicopter, at the end of the Vietnam War.

That is why when reports poured in last week of a possible US-Taliban deal over a full US pullout from Afghanistan, the first thoughts reflected on the potential of the last helicopter flying away from Kabul and ending the 17-year US involvement in that country.

The question is whether such an eventuality is anywhere near fructification.

The US, Taliban, Saudi Arabia, UAE and Pakistan (the last three being the only ones, which recognised the once existent Taliban government) have over the last few months been negotiating a possible deal, which will allow a full US pullout from its involvement in Afghanistan.

“Meetings here were more productive than they have been in the past. We made significant progress on vital issues,” Zalmay Khalilzad, the US special representative for Afghan reconciliation, tweeted after six days of talks with the Taliban in Qatar in which Saudi Arabia and UAE were not present. Presence of some Pakistani representation remains unconfirmed.

The Afghan National Unity Government (NUG) led by President Ashraf Ghani is marked by its absence at the supposed conflict termination talks, primarily because of Taliban objections. It is too early to make any big deductions from the leaked and stated results, which appear at best tentative.

But the fact that some progress has been made in the six days of negotiations at Qatar is obvious because, at the end of it, Zalmay Khalilzad headed to Kabul for discussions with President Ashraf Ghani.

There are several issues that remain sticking points. It starts with the absence of the NUG itself, as the Taliban refuses to talk with its representatives, possibly out of fear of revealing weaknesses and legitimising an entity it opposes tooth and nail.

Ashraf Ghani has made genuine and sincere efforts to be a part of the negotiations. The Taliban also knows that the NUG’s absence will force the US to remain uncertain.

The Taliban is deeply suspicious of US intent. As a non-state entity, it is difficult to negotiate with, as it is not bound by conventions and rules; there can be no certainty that the Taliban will honour an accord in total.

The presence of Pakistan, Saudi Arabia and UAE is the guarantee that the US seeks for implementation of a negotiated settlement.

It appears that the two sides may have agreed to a framework deal, which may then lead to a more committed intra-Afghan dialogue. The relative seriousness of the Taliban commitment to talks is reflected by the presence of Baradar Akhund, now considered as the virtual deputy in the Taliban hierarchy.

What probably will hold back the talks from progressing to a breakthrough level is the Taliban strategy of continuing to fight while negotiating. The US, hamstrung by a 17-year-old costly war, is unable to urge the Taliban to enter a ceasefire before talks.

It does remind one of a similar situation existing in the Indo-Pak environment, where the Indian government has steadfastly refused to talk with Pakistan that backs proxy terror against it.

The Taliban possibly appreciates that the greater its domination of the security environment, the more it can squeeze from the US. In fact, there could be expectations of a renewed annual spring offensive in 2019, which usually results in a large number of casualties to the Afghan security forces that have been on an average losing 7,000-8,000 men annually in the last few years.

Conceptually, US strategy has harped on operations being fought and led by Afghans themselves, but it has consistently refused to adequately arm them with weapons considered appropriate to stem the Taliban’s frequent offensives.

A full US withdrawal without adequate safeguards of a better armed and equipped Afghan security forces, is the surest opening to civil war with only one anticipated end.

The other issue on which the talks would be focused on is the duration for a complete withdrawal. A progressive drawdown will give President Donald Trump the political leverage he seeks and yet continue the support to the Afghan National Army (ANA) and the NUG.

The US can make a quick exit without an agreement and leave behind a mess, which will only aid in advancing the interests of organisations such as ISIS that remains perched somewhere observing the situation and ready to exploit the slightest opportunity. It could then be a repeat of the conflict termination witnessed in Iraq with resultant chaos and emergence of the ISIS.

Daniel Coats, US Director of National Intelligence, has expressed his apprehensions about the situation in South Asia due to the upcoming Indian and Afghanistan elections and in particular, has reflected on the relative insecurity of nuclear resources within Pakistan.

The duration till May 2019 and a little beyond is being considered by the international community as a period of uncertainty.

With the state of Pakistan’s economy and its reluctance to rein in all extremist elements, the underlying message in Coats’reflections also points to the possibility of turbulence within Pakistan.

This, in the light of intended US withdrawal, is likely to be viewed as advantage Taliban.

India finds itself out of the mainstream parleys and Pakistan has thrived in driving uncertainty by first calling for Indian involvement (recall Pakistan Foreign Minister Shah Mahmud Qureshi’s earlier statement about the need for India to be a part of the negotiations) and then working against the same.

In the light of this, should India open some form of engagement with the Taliban to develop options for a post-US Afghanistan? Prudence does point towards following such a course, but given the current strong position the Taliban finds itself in, it is uncertain whether it will wish to upset the cards, all of which seems to be falling in its favour.

(This article was originally published on The DNA. Read the <a href="https://www.dnaindia.com/analysis/column-last-copter-from-afghanistan-2715735">original article</a>)

(Disclaimer: The opinions expressed above are the personal views of the author and do not reflect the views of ZMCL.)

In the last few years the term ‘last helicopter’ has been synonymous with US withdrawal of its remaining rump military and civil elements from any expeditionary deployment abroad.

In the last few years the term ‘last helicopter’ has been synonymous with US withdrawal of its remaining rump military and civil elements from any expeditionary deployment abroad. It originated with the final stages of the US pullout from Saigon, reportedly from atop the US embassy building by helicopter, at the end of the Vietnam War. That is why when reports poured in last week of a possible US-Taliban deal over a full US pullout from Afghanistan, the first thoughts reflected on the potential of the last helicopter flying away from Kabul and ending the 17-year US involvement in that country. The question is whether such an eventuality is anywhere near fructification. The US, Taliban, Saudi Arabia, UAE and Pakistan (the last three being the only ones, which recognised the once existent Taliban government) have over the last few months been negotiating a possible deal, which will allow a full US pullout from its involvement in Afghanistan. “Meetings here were more productive than they have been in the past. We made significant progress on vital issues,” Zalmay Khalilzad, the US special representative for Afghan reconciliation, tweeted after six days of talks with the Taliban in Qatar in which Saudi Arabia and UAE were not present. Presence of some Pakistani representation remains unconfirmed. The Afghan National Unity Government (NUG) led by President Ashraf Ghani is marked by its absence at the supposed conflict termination talks, primarily because of Taliban objections. It is too early to make any big deductions from the leaked and stated results, which appear at best tentative. But the fact that some progress has been made in the six days of negotiations at Qatar is obvious because, at the end of it, Zalmay Khalilzad headed to Kabul for discussions with President Ashraf Ghani. There are several issues that remain sticking points. It starts with the absence of the NUG itself, as the Taliban refuses to talk with its representatives, possibly out of fear of revealing weaknesses and legitimising an entity it opposes tooth and nail. Ashraf Ghani has made genuine and sincere efforts to be a part of the negotiations. The Taliban also knows that the NUG’s absence will force the US to remain uncertain. The Taliban is deeply suspicious of US intent. As a non-state entity, it is difficult to negotiate with, as it is not bound by conventions and rules; there can be no certainty that the Taliban will honour an accord in total. The presence of Pakistan, Saudi Arabia and UAE is the guarantee that the US seeks for implementation of a negotiated settlement. It appears that the two sides may have agreed to a framework deal, which may then lead to a more committed intra-Afghan dialogue. The relative seriousness of the Taliban commitment to talks is reflected by the presence of Baradar Akhund, now considered as the virtual deputy in the Taliban hierarchy. What probably will hold back the talks from progressing to a breakthrough level is the Taliban strategy of continuing to fight while negotiating. The US, hamstrung by a 17-year-old costly war, is unable to urge the Taliban to enter a ceasefire before talks. It does remind one of a similar situation existing in the Indo-Pak environment, where the Indian government has steadfastly refused to talk with Pakistan that backs proxy terror against it. The Taliban possibly appreciates that the greater its domination of the security environment, the more it can squeeze from the US. In fact, there could be expectations of a renewed annual spring offensive in 2019, which usually results in a large number of casualties to the Afghan security forces that have been on an average losing 7,000-8,000 men annually in the last few years. Conceptually, US strategy has harped on operations being fought and led by Afghans themselves, but it has consistently refused to adequately arm them with weapons considered appropriate to stem the Taliban’s frequent offensives. A full US withdrawal without adequate safeguards of a better armed and equipped Afghan security forces, is the surest opening to civil war with only one anticipated end. The other issue on which the talks would be focused on is the duration for a complete withdrawal. A progressive drawdown will give President Donald Trump the political leverage he seeks and yet continue the support to the Afghan National Army (ANA) and the NUG. The US can make a quick exit without an agreement and leave behind a mess, which will only aid in advancing the interests of organisations such as ISIS that remains perched somewhere observing the situation and ready to exploit the slightest opportunity. It could then be a repeat of the conflict termination witnessed in Iraq with resultant chaos and emergence of the ISIS. Daniel Coats, US Director of National Intelligence, has expressed his apprehensions about the situation in South Asia due to the upcoming Indian and Afghanistan elections and in particular, has reflected on the relative insecurity of nuclear resources within Pakistan. The duration till May 2019 and a little beyond is being considered by the international community as a period of uncertainty. With the state of Pakistan’s economy and its reluctance to rein in all extremist elements, the underlying message in Coats’reflections also points to the possibility of turbulence within Pakistan. This, in the light of intended US withdrawal, is likely to be viewed as advantage Taliban. India finds itself out of the mainstream parleys and Pakistan has thrived in driving uncertainty by first calling for Indian involvement (recall Pakistan Foreign Minister Shah Mahmud Qureshi’s earlier statement about the need for India to be a part of the negotiations) and then working against the same. In the light of this, should India open some form of engagement with the Taliban to develop options for a post-US Afghanistan? Prudence does point towards following such a course, but given the current strong position the Taliban finds itself in, it is uncertain whether it will wish to upset the cards, all of which seems to be falling in its favour. (This article was originally published on The DNA. Read the original article) (Disclaimer: The opinions expressed above are the personal views of the author and do not reflect the views of ZMCL.)

Last copter from Afghanistan: Taliban chooses to continue fighting while negotiating with the US

Iraqi President Barham Salih said on Monday that President Donald <a href="http://www.wionews.com/world/want-to-keep-us-military-in-iraq-to-watch-iran-says-trump-in-an-interview-with-cbs-194887">Trump did not ask Iraq's permission for US troops </a>stationed there to "watch Iran."

Speaking at a forum in Baghdad, Salih was responding to a question about Trump's comments to CBS about how he would ask troops stationed in Iraq to "watch" Iran.

US&nbsp;troops in Iraq are there as part of an agreement between the two countries with a specific mission of combating terrorism, Salih said, and that they should stick to that.

Trump said the United States spent a fortune on a base in Iraq. "We might as well keep it. One of the reasons I want to keep it is because I want to be looking a little bit at Iran because Iran is a real problem," he said in excerpts from a CBS "Face the Nation" interview.

Asked if that meant he wanted to be able to strike Iran, Trump said, "No, because I want to be able to watch Iran."

"Don't overburden Iraq with your own issues," Salih said. "The US&nbsp;is a major power ... but do not pursue your own policy priorities, we live here."

Iraq is in a difficult position as tensions between its two biggest allies, the United States and Iran, increase.

"It is of fundamental interest for Iraq to have good relations with Iran" and other neighbouring countries, Salih said.

&nbsp;

Iraqi President Barham Salih said on Monday that President Donald Trump did not ask Iraq's permission for US troops stationed there to "watch Iran." Speaking at a forum in Baghdad, Salih was responding to a question about Trump's comments to CBS about how he would ask troops stationed in Iraq to "watch" Iran.

Iraqi President Barham Salih said on Monday that President Donald Trump did not ask Iraq's permission for US troops stationed there to "watch Iran." Speaking at a forum in Baghdad, Salih was responding to a question about Trump's comments to CBS about how he would ask troops stationed in Iraq to "watch" Iran. US troops in Iraq are there as part of an agreement between the two countries with a specific mission of combating terrorism, Salih said, and that they should stick to that. Trump said the United States spent a fortune on a base in Iraq. "We might as well keep it. One of the reasons I want to keep it is because I want to be looking a little bit at Iran because Iran is a real problem," he said in excerpts from a CBS "Face the Nation" interview. Asked if that meant he wanted to be able to strike Iran, Trump said, "No, because I want to be able to watch Iran." "Don't overburden Iraq with your own issues," Salih said. "The US is a major power ... but do not pursue your own policy priorities, we live here." Iraq is in a difficult position as tensions between its two biggest allies, the United States and Iran, increase. "It is of fundamental interest for Iraq to have good relations with Iran" and other neighbouring countries, Salih said.

Trump did not ask permission to watch Iran: Iraqi President Barham Salih

<a href="http://www.wionews.com/world/virginia-governor-deeply-sorry-for-racist-yearbook-photo-194500">http://www.wionews.com/world/virginia-governor-deeply-sorry-for-racist-yearbook-photo-194500</a>US governor Ralph Northam 'deeply sorry' for racist yearbook photo

Ralph Northam, the Democratic governor of the US state of Virginia, on Friday confirmed he appeared in a racist yearbook photo and said he is "deeply sorry."

<a href="http://www.wionews.com/world/65-magnitude-quake-shakes-guatemala-mexico-3-injured-194487">3 injured as 6.5-magnitude quake shakes Guatemala, Mexico</a>

A 6.5-magnitude earthquake shook Mexico and Guatemala on Friday, leaving three people injured and causing infrastructure damage, authorities said.

<a href="http://www.wionews.com/world/general-motors-to-lay-off-about-4000-salaried-workers-report-194493">General Motors to lay off about 4,000 salaried workers: Report</a>

General Motors is expected to lay off about 4,000 salaried workers under a reorganization announced late last year, a person familiar with the matter said Friday.

<a href="http://www.wionews.com/world/venezuelas-guaido-courts-russia-powers-divided-on-maduro-194491">Venezuela's opposition leader </a><a href="http://www.wionews.com/world/venezuelas-guaido-courts-russia-powers-divided-on-maduro-194491">Guaido</a><a href="http://www.wionews.com/world/venezuelas-guaido-courts-russia-powers-divided-on-maduro-194491"> courts Russia, China; powers divided </a><a href="http://www.wionews.com/world/venezuelas-guaido-courts-russia-powers-divided-on-maduro-194491">on</a><a href="http://www.wionews.com/world/venezuelas-guaido-courts-russia-powers-divided-on-maduro-194491"> Maduro</a>

Global jostling intensified on Thursday between countries that want Venezuelan President Nicolas Maduro in power and those trying to force him to resign, as opposition leader Juan Guaido made overtures to his rival's allies Russia and China.

<a href="http://www.wionews.com/world/trump-renews-attack-on-nancy-pelosi-says-she-is-very-bad-for-our-country-194492">Good chance we will have to declare </a><a href="http://www.wionews.com/world/trump-renews-attack-on-nancy-pelosi-says-she-is-very-bad-for-our-country-194492">emergency</a><a href="http://www.wionews.com/world/trump-renews-attack-on-nancy-pelosi-says-she-is-very-bad-for-our-country-194492">,</a><a href="http://www.wionews.com/world/trump-renews-attack-on-nancy-pelosi-says-she-is-very-bad-for-our-country-194492"> says Trump on wall funding row</a>

President Donald Trump stepped up his attacks on House of Representatives Speaker Nancy Pelosi on Friday, saying "she's very bad for our country" and "doesn't mind human trafficking" because she opposes his long-promised wall along the US-Mexico border.

&nbsp;

http://www.wionews.com/world/virginia-governor-deeply-sorry-for-racist-yearbook-photo-194500US governor Ralph Northam 'deeply sorry' for racist yearbook photo Ralph Northam, the Democratic governor of the US state of Virginia, on Friday confirmed he appeared in a racist yearbook photo and said he is "deeply sorry.

http://www.wionews.com/world/virginia-governor-deeply-sorry-for-racist-yearbook-photo-194500US governor Ralph Northam 'deeply sorry' for racist yearbook photo Ralph Northam, the Democratic governor of the US state of Virginia, on Friday confirmed he appeared in a racist yearbook photo and said he is "deeply sorry." 3 injured as 6.5-magnitude quake shakes Guatemala, Mexico A 6.5-magnitude earthquake shook Mexico and Guatemala on Friday, leaving three people injured and causing infrastructure damage, authorities said. General Motors to lay off about 4,000 salaried workers: Report General Motors is expected to lay off about 4,000 salaried workers under a reorganization announced late last year, a person familiar with the matter said Friday. Venezuela's opposition leader Guaido courts Russia, China; powers divided on Maduro Global jostling intensified on Thursday between countries that want Venezuelan President Nicolas Maduro in power and those trying to force him to resign, as opposition leader Juan Guaido made overtures to his rival's allies Russia and China. Good chance we will have to declare emergency, says Trump on wall funding row President Donald Trump stepped up his attacks on House of Representatives Speaker Nancy Pelosi on Friday, saying "she's very bad for our country" and "doesn't mind human trafficking" because she opposes his long-promised wall along the US-Mexico border.

American pop rock band Maroon 5 will headline the Super Bowl halftime show on Sunday, one of the biggest sports events of the year in the United States.&nbsp;

The band, led by Adam Levine, had announced in September last year that it would be performing during the halftime slot in the highly-anticipated final.

In the final showdown, Los Angeles Rams and New England Patriots will lock horns.&nbsp;

Maroon 5 have followed the footsteps of Madonna, Beyonce, Coldplay, Bruno Mars, Lady Gaga, Katy Perry and Justin Timberlake, who hit their notes in front of millions, either in attendance at the American football final or watching on television.&nbsp;

However,&nbsp;the band wasn't the National Football League's first choice as the event's popularity was not enough to convince singers Rihanna and Pink to headline.&nbsp;&nbsp;

In pics:&nbsp;<a href="http://www.wionews.com/photos/memorable-protests-from-sportspersons-against-injustice-473#photo-55536">Memorable protests from sportspersons against injustice</a>

Also Read:&nbsp;<a href="http://www.wionews.com/sports/serena-williams-lauds-colin-kaepernick-eric-reid-for-their-stand-on-social-issues-162870">Serena Williams lauds Colin Kaepernick, Eric Reid for their stand on social issues</a>

Rihanna reportedly declined the invitation to perform at the Super Bowl in a show of support for National Football League players who have been kneeling during the national anthem in a protest against racial discrimination.&nbsp;

Earlier, Colin Kaepernick initiated a protest against New York police brutality. The NFL players bent to their knee in silent protest during the US national anthem before a game which attracted the ire of President Trump.&nbsp;

Trump had later urged the league to suspend or fire players who protest during the national anthem.

The bold move started as a result of repeated videos showing police shooting and killing unarmed black men in the US.

Kaepernick has been unable to secure a contract with an NFL club since becoming a free agent in March last year.

Apart from&nbsp;Rihanna and Pink, there&nbsp;were several other artists, who have rejected the invitation to perform.&nbsp;

Rapper Cardi B, who featured in a Maroon 5 song, turned down an invite to perform, reportedly saying she would accept it when Kaepernick returns to the game. He has been a free agent since 2017.&nbsp;

Rappers Travis Scott and Big Boi have confirmed their participation at this year's edition. 
 
Scott, in partnership with the National Football League, donated $500,000 to a non-profit organisation dedicated to human rights and social justice.

American pop rock band Maroon 5 will headline the Super Bowl halftime show on Sunday, one of the biggest sports events of the year in the United States. The band, led by Adam Levine, had announced in September last year that it would be performing during the halftime slot in the highly-anticipated final.

American pop rock band Maroon 5 will headline the Super Bowl halftime show on Sunday, one of the biggest sports events of the year in the United States. The band, led by Adam Levine, had announced in September last year that it would be performing during the halftime slot in the highly-anticipated final. In the final showdown, Los Angeles Rams and New England Patriots will lock horns. Maroon 5 have followed the footsteps of Madonna, Beyonce, Coldplay, Bruno Mars, Lady Gaga, Katy Perry and Justin Timberlake, who hit their notes in front of millions, either in attendance at the American football final or watching on television. However, the band wasn't the National Football League's first choice as the event's popularity was not enough to convince singers Rihanna and Pink to headline. In pics: Memorable protests from sportspersons against injustice Also Read: Serena Williams lauds Colin Kaepernick, Eric Reid for their stand on social issues Rihanna reportedly declined the invitation to perform at the Super Bowl in a show of support for National Football League players who have been kneeling during the national anthem in a protest against racial discrimination. Earlier, Colin Kaepernick initiated a protest against New York police brutality. The NFL players bent to their knee in silent protest during the US national anthem before a game which attracted the ire of President Trump. Trump had later urged the league to suspend or fire players who protest during the national anthem. The bold move started as a result of repeated videos showing police shooting and killing unarmed black men in the US. Kaepernick has been unable to secure a contract with an NFL club since becoming a free agent in March last year. Apart from Rihanna and Pink, there were several other artists, who have rejected the invitation to perform. Rapper Cardi B, who featured in a Maroon 5 song, turned down an invite to perform, reportedly saying she would accept it when Kaepernick returns to the game. He has been a free agent since 2017. Rappers Travis Scott and Big Boi have confirmed their participation at this year's edition. Scott, in partnership with the National Football League, donated $500,000 to a non-profit organisation dedicated to human rights and social justice.

Maroon 5 to perform at Super Bowl on Sunday; Rihanna had said no earlier

US President Donald Trump's State of the Union speech will urge optimism, pulling back from Washington's current climate of strife, a top official insisted Friday.

Previewing next Tuesday's speech before Congress, a senior administration official said Trump will "cast an inspiring vision of American greatness."

The president -- in open warfare with opposition Democrats, as well as railing almost daily against prosecutors looking at allegations that he colluded with Russia in his 2016 election -- will take the high ground, the official said.

"Optimistic and unifying, but I think it can also be considered visionary," the official said of the speech.

However, the speech is bound to be one of the most politically fraught in years, coming against the backdrop of a bitter row with opposition Democrats who refuse to fund Trump's plan for more walling along the US-Mexican border.

The dispute even led to Congress delaying the date of the speech.

And Trump himself hinted Friday that he will use the delayed event to declare a national emergency, allowing himself to unilaterally appropriate wall building funds, bypassing Congress altogether.

The senior administration official refused to confirm any specific details of the speech and emphasized that the president's main goal was to present a more healing tone.

According to an excerpt given to journalists, Trump will say: "Together, we can break decades of political stalemate, we can bridge old divisions, heal old wounds, build new coalitions, forge new solutions and unlock the extraordinary promise of America's future."

The administration official, who spoke on condition of not being identified, said that Trump would focus on five areas:

- The contentious debate on illegal immigration over the Mexican border.

- An "update" on trade negotiations with China and other countries where Trump says he is strengthening markets for US workers.

- Asking Congress to approve "substantial investments" on US infrastructure projects.

- Lowering sky-high prescription medicine costs.

- Foreign policy and efforts in countries like Syria and Afghanistan to "bring an end to our endless foreign wars."

The official refused to give concrete details of policy announcements. However, he did say that Venezuela, where Washington is supporting the opposition's bid to push out leftist President Nicolas Maduro, would feature.

Speaking at the White House, Trump gave his strongest indication yet that he is readying to declare a state of emergency on the border, something that would undoubtedly deepen partisan bickering in Washington.

"Listen closely to the State of the Union, I think you’ll find it very exciting," Trump said.

Trump's threat comes well before the expiration of a February 15 deadline that he set for Congress to agree on funding for wall construction. But on Thursday he described negotiations with opposition Democrats "a waste of time."

US President Donald Trump's State of the Union speech will urge optimism, pulling back from Washington's current climate of strife, a top official insisted Friday.

US President Donald Trump's State of the Union speech will urge optimism, pulling back from Washington's current climate of strife, a top official insisted Friday. Previewing next Tuesday's speech before Congress, a senior administration official said Trump will "cast an inspiring vision of American greatness." The president -- in open warfare with opposition Democrats, as well as railing almost daily against prosecutors looking at allegations that he colluded with Russia in his 2016 election -- will take the high ground, the official said. "Optimistic and unifying, but I think it can also be considered visionary," the official said of the speech. However, the speech is bound to be one of the most politically fraught in years, coming against the backdrop of a bitter row with opposition Democrats who refuse to fund Trump's plan for more walling along the US-Mexican border. The dispute even led to Congress delaying the date of the speech. And Trump himself hinted Friday that he will use the delayed event to declare a national emergency, allowing himself to unilaterally appropriate wall building funds, bypassing Congress altogether. The senior administration official refused to confirm any specific details of the speech and emphasized that the president's main goal was to present a more healing tone. According to an excerpt given to journalists, Trump will say: "Together, we can break decades of political stalemate, we can bridge old divisions, heal old wounds, build new coalitions, forge new solutions and unlock the extraordinary promise of America's future." The administration official, who spoke on condition of not being identified, said that Trump would focus on five areas: - The contentious debate on illegal immigration over the Mexican border. - An "update" on trade negotiations with China and other countries where Trump says he is strengthening markets for US workers. - Asking Congress to approve "substantial investments" on US infrastructure projects. - Lowering sky-high prescription medicine costs. - Foreign policy and efforts in countries like Syria and Afghanistan to "bring an end to our endless foreign wars." The official refused to give concrete details of policy announcements. However, he did say that Venezuela, where Washington is supporting the opposition's bid to push out leftist President Nicolas Maduro, would feature. Speaking at the White House, Trump gave his strongest indication yet that he is readying to declare a state of emergency on the border, something that would undoubtedly deepen partisan bickering in Washington. "Listen closely to the State of the Union, I think you’ll find it very exciting," Trump said. Trump's threat comes well before the expiration of a February 15 deadline that he set for Congress to agree on funding for wall construction. But on Thursday he described negotiations with opposition Democrats "a waste of time."

Trump to pitch optimism, 'greatness' in State of Union: White House

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News brief: Big stories of the day

US envoy to hold talks in North Korea on Wednesday

North Korea's nuclear programmes remain intact: UN Report

North Korea protecting nuclear missiles, UN monitors say, ahead of summit talks

Fire and fury in White House after Trump's daily schedule is leaked

News brief: Big stories of the day

You will stain the presidency with blood: Venezuela's Maduro to Trump

Venezuela: Will not cave into pressure, says Maduro rejecting European ultimatum on elections

US to send 3,750 more troops to Mexico border: Pentagon

After Trump speaks, Iraqis demand US leave country