Nearly half of the graves contained metal ornaments, with copper-alloy bracelets being the most frequent. Several damaged brooches were also found.


2,300-year-old mysterious sword with 'Swastika' symbol discovered in France

The largest 'bluestone' of the ancient Stonehenge, a six-tonne rock, had been moved from some 750 kilometres away in Scotland to its current location in Salisbury, England, according to a new study that scientists found fascinating.

The study puts to question not only how ancient people were able to move such a big megalith for hundreds of kilometres, but also how human populations interacted in the Neolithic period. 
 
Neolithic period, also known as New Stone Age, ran from 10,000 BC to 2200 BC

<h2>How did scientists trace origin of Stonehenge bluestone&nbsp;to Scotland?</h2>

As per a study published in Nature journal, the scientists tested the chemical composition and age of minerals within the bluestone. Bluestone is the name given to rocks that are not native to the area.&nbsp;

The &nbsp;stone’s chemical composition and the age of minerals within it, when taken together, give an “age fingerprint”.

Also read: <a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/lunar-standstill-illuminates-stonehenges-celestial-connections-734668">Lunar 'standstill' illuminates Stonehenge's celestial connections</a>

Based on the analysis, the scientists are now positing that the largest bluestone was moved by water from some 750km&nbsp;away in northeast Scotland. 
 
The area of its origin is probably around Orkney Islands, according to the study.&nbsp;

It assumes that the blue stone, which is called 'altar stone', was sourced from red sandstone deposits of northeast Scotland.

So far, the origin of blue stones in Stonehenge had been traced to Preseli hills in Wales. The larger sarsen stones - the ones that stand tall at the peripheral circle of Stonehenge, are from West Woods, near Marlborough.

WATCH: Stonehenge to celebrate Summer Solstice: Movement of the sun to be live-streamed

&nbsp;

<div class="ui-state-default" contenteditable="false">
<div class="twitter-block" draggable="false">
<div class="videoWrapper trancodeVideo"><iframe allowfullscreen="" autoplay="1" class="includeVideo" frameborder="0" height="350" src="https://www.wionews.com/videos/stonehenge-to-celebrate-summer-solstice-movement-of-the-sun-to-be-live-streamed-489773/embed" style="width:100%;max-width:560px;" width="560"></iframe></div>
</div>
<a class="close-mark close-div" href="#" id="jqclosemark">×</a></div>

 
Sarsens stones are sourced relatively nearby, estimated to be 25 km.&nbsp;

<h4>Also read: &nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/experts-believe-rare-lunar-event-may-be-linked-to-stonehenges-alignment-711657">Experts believe rare lunar event may be linked to Stonehenge's alignment</a></h4>

<h2>What is the significance of the study?</h2>

"The difficulty of long-distance overland transport of such massive cargo from Scotland, navigating topographic barriers, suggests that it was transported by sea," said the study.

 
"Such routing demonstrates a high level of societal organization with intra-Britain transport during the Neolithic period," it added.

(With inputs from agencies)

The largest 'bluestone' of the ancient Stonehenge, a six-tonne rock, had been moved from some 750 kilometres away in Scotland to its current location in Salisbury, England, according to a new study that scientists found fascinating.

The largest 'bluestone' of the ancient Stonehenge, a six-tonne rock, had been moved from some 750 kilometres away in Scotland to its current location in Salisbury, England, according to a new study that scientists found fascinating. The study puts to question not only how ancient people were able to move such a big megalith for hundreds of kilometres, but also how human populations interacted in the Neolithic period. Neolithic period, also known as New Stone Age, ran from 10,000 BC to 2200 BC How did scientists trace origin of Stonehenge bluestone to Scotland? As per a study published in Nature journal, the scientists tested the chemical composition and age of minerals within the bluestone. Bluestone is the name given to rocks that are not native to the area. The stone’s chemical composition and the age of minerals within it, when taken together, give an “age fingerprint”. Also read: Lunar 'standstill' illuminates Stonehenge's celestial connections Based on the analysis, the scientists are now positing that the largest bluestone was moved by water from some 750km away in northeast Scotland. The area of its origin is probably around Orkney Islands, according to the study. It assumes that the blue stone, which is called 'altar stone', was sourced from red sandstone deposits of northeast Scotland. So far, the origin of blue stones in Stonehenge had been traced to Preseli hills in Wales. The larger sarsen stones - the ones that stand tall at the peripheral circle of Stonehenge, are from West Woods, near Marlborough. WATCH: Stonehenge to celebrate Summer Solstice: Movement of the sun to be live-streamed × Sarsens stones are sourced relatively nearby, estimated to be 25 km. Also read: Experts believe rare lunar event may be linked to Stonehenge's alignment What is the significance of the study? "The difficulty of long-distance overland transport of such massive cargo from Scotland, navigating topographic barriers, suggests that it was transported by sea," said the study. "Such routing demonstrates a high level of societal organization with intra-Britain transport during the Neolithic period," it added. (With inputs from agencies)

A six-tonne stone in Stonehenge was transported from 750km away. Scientists wonder how

The world's oldest mummies in Chile face the threat of decomposition due to climate change. These ancient relics are even older than the Egyptian mummies of pharaohs and their decorated tombs.

According to Bernando Arriaza, a professor at the University of Tarapaca, the ancient Chincorro people who lived in the Atacama Desert of Chile started mummifying their dead around 5,000 years ago, while the Egyptians began much later in about 2600 BCE.

Since then, the desert has preserved the mummies and other ancient remains and has given significant information about the Chincorro people to archaeologists.

Also Read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/archaeologists-discover-ruins-of-4000-year-old-temple-738555">Archaeologists discover ruins of 4,000-year-old ceremonial temple</a>

According to archaeologists, the idea of preserving bodies as mummies came from observing the natural process the dead went through under the dry conditions of the desert. The mummies were also adorned with clay masks, reed blankets, human hair and other articles.

The desert region has been declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO&nbsp;to help save the relics, however, it might not be enough. While there are many museums in the ancient city of Arica which display the relics from Chincorro culture in climate-controlled exhibits, the remaining antiques that are still buried in the arid desert are at risk.

"If we have an increase in sea surface temperatures, for example, across the coast of northern Chile, that would increase atmospheric humidity," said Claudio LaTorre, a paleo-ecologist at the Catholic University of Chile. "And that in turn would generate decomposition, (in) places where you don't have decomposition today, and you would lose the mummies themselves."&nbsp;

Also Read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/saudi-arabia-had-no-barren-lands-but-monumental-buildings-in-ancient-times-claims-study-738490">Ancient Saudi Arabia had monumental buildings, not just barren lands: Study</a>

Other ancient clues in the region that archaeologists could find may also be lost.

"Human-induced climate change is one aspect that we're really worried about, because it'll change a number of different aspects that are forming the desert today," said LaTorre.&nbsp;

Arriaza has been advocating the preservation of mummies and has been working to raise awareness on the matter.

"It's a big, big challenge because you need to have resources," Arriaza said. "It's everybody's effort to a common goal, to preserve the site, to preserve the mummies."&nbsp;

(With inputs from agencies)

The world's oldest mummies in Chile face the threat of decomposition due to climate change. These ancient relics are even older than the Egyptian mummies of pharaohs and their decorated tombs.

The world's oldest mummies in Chile face the threat of decomposition due to climate change. These ancient relics are even older than the Egyptian mummies of pharaohs and their decorated tombs. According to Bernando Arriaza, a professor at the University of Tarapaca, the ancient Chincorro people who lived in the Atacama Desert of Chile started mummifying their dead around 5,000 years ago, while the Egyptians began much later in about 2600 BCE. Since then, the desert has preserved the mummies and other ancient remains and has given significant information about the Chincorro people to archaeologists. Also Read | Archaeologists discover ruins of 4,000-year-old ceremonial temple According to archaeologists, the idea of preserving bodies as mummies came from observing the natural process the dead went through under the dry conditions of the desert. The mummies were also adorned with clay masks, reed blankets, human hair and other articles. The desert region has been declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO to help save the relics, however, it might not be enough. While there are many museums in the ancient city of Arica which display the relics from Chincorro culture in climate-controlled exhibits, the remaining antiques that are still buried in the arid desert are at risk. "If we have an increase in sea surface temperatures, for example, across the coast of northern Chile, that would increase atmospheric humidity," said Claudio LaTorre, a paleo-ecologist at the Catholic University of Chile. "And that in turn would generate decomposition, (in) places where you don't have decomposition today, and you would lose the mummies themselves." Also Read | Ancient Saudi Arabia had monumental buildings, not just barren lands: Study Other ancient clues in the region that archaeologists could find may also be lost. "Human-induced climate change is one aspect that we're really worried about, because it'll change a number of different aspects that are forming the desert today," said LaTorre. Arriaza has been advocating the preservation of mummies and has been working to raise awareness on the matter. "It's a big, big challenge because you need to have resources," Arriaza said. "It's everybody's effort to a common goal, to preserve the site, to preserve the mummies." (With inputs from agencies)

Chile: The oldest mummies in the world are at threat from climate change

Archaeologists have discovered a 4000-year-old rock art in Venezuela that represents a new culture that was unknown earlier. The team of researchers found 20 such rock art sites in the Canaima National Park, in the country's southeastern region.

Similar designs have also been found in South America previously, however, archaeologists believe the recently discovered art depicts "a new culture previously unknown", José Miguel Pérez-Gómez, the lead archaeologist in the team, told Live Science in an email. He is an archaeologist and researcher at Simón Bolívar University in Caracas.

Some designs depict pictograms and geometric patterns including straight lines, star patterns, lines of dots, and rows of X's. Additionally, archaeologists discovered some petroglyphs, which are rock carvings made by pecking the stone surface with a tool. Some simple representations of stick figures and leaves were also found.

Also Read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/archaeologist-uncover-city-of-the-dead-with-more-than-300-tombs-report-736825">Archaeologists uncover ‘City of the Dead’ with more than 300 tombs: Report</a>

Pérez-Gómez highlighted that although the purpose of the art is unclear, it had a ritual significance which may be related to the revival of nature, good hunting, birth, or diseases. "It's unclear why people created this art. It is almost impossible to get into the minds of people living so many [thousands of] years ago" he said and added "definitely these signs had a ritual meaning."&nbsp;

Although the exact age of the recent rock art findings in Venezuela cannot be determined yet, it is thought to be older than previous similar findings&nbsp;in Brazil dating&nbsp;4,000 years ago, according to Pérez-Gómez.

Nearly the size of Belgium, Canaima National Park comprises mountainous and forest terrain. The world's tallest waterfall, Angel Falls is also located in this park. Pérez-Gómez said this park may have been the initial site from where this culture developed and further spread to other locations like the Amazon River basin, the Guianas, and southern Colombia.

Also Read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/evidence-found-in-australian-cave-shows-sorcery-is-the-worlds-continuously-practiced-oldest-ritual-737027">Sorcery is the world’s continuously practiced oldest ritual, sticks found in Australian cave show</a>

The stone tools and ceramics, which might have been used to create the ancient rock art were also found at the 20 sites. However, this theory is yet to be confirmed with further research, according to Pérez-Gómez. He believes more such sites are likely to be found in the park as the research continues.

The research findings were first presented at the "New Worlds New Ideas", an international conference held in Valcamonica, Italy, from June 26 to 29. A paper discussing the findings of one of the rock art sites was published in the Rock Art Research journal in November.

“This is relevant not only for Venezuela but points at a cultural and ethnic richness that will enhance, worldwide, how we think about the region,” Pérez-Gómez told Axios Latino.

Archaeologists have discovered a 4000-year-old rock art in Venezuela that represents a new culture that was unknown earlier. The team of researchers found 20 such rock art sites in the Canaima National Park, in the country's southeastern region.

Archaeologists have discovered a 4000-year-old rock art in Venezuela that represents a new culture that was unknown earlier. The team of researchers found 20 such rock art sites in the Canaima National Park, in the country's southeastern region. Similar designs have also been found in South America previously, however, archaeologists believe the recently discovered art depicts "a new culture previously unknown", José Miguel Pérez-Gómez, the lead archaeologist in the team, told Live Science in an email. He is an archaeologist and researcher at Simón Bolívar University in Caracas. Some designs depict pictograms and geometric patterns including straight lines, star patterns, lines of dots, and rows of X's. Additionally, archaeologists discovered some petroglyphs, which are rock carvings made by pecking the stone surface with a tool. Some simple representations of stick figures and leaves were also found. Also Read | Archaeologists uncover ‘City of the Dead’ with more than 300 tombs: Report Pérez-Gómez highlighted that although the purpose of the art is unclear, it had a ritual significance which may be related to the revival of nature, good hunting, birth, or diseases. "It's unclear why people created this art. It is almost impossible to get into the minds of people living so many [thousands of] years ago" he said and added "definitely these signs had a ritual meaning." Although the exact age of the recent rock art findings in Venezuela cannot be determined yet, it is thought to be older than previous similar findings in Brazil dating 4,000 years ago, according to Pérez-Gómez. Nearly the size of Belgium, Canaima National Park comprises mountainous and forest terrain. The world's tallest waterfall, Angel Falls is also located in this park. Pérez-Gómez said this park may have been the initial site from where this culture developed and further spread to other locations like the Amazon River basin, the Guianas, and southern Colombia. Also Read | Sorcery is the world’s continuously practiced oldest ritual, sticks found in Australian cave show The stone tools and ceramics, which might have been used to create the ancient rock art were also found at the 20 sites. However, this theory is yet to be confirmed with further research, according to Pérez-Gómez. He believes more such sites are likely to be found in the park as the research continues. The research findings were first presented at the "New Worlds New Ideas", an international conference held in Valcamonica, Italy, from June 26 to 29. A paper discussing the findings of one of the rock art sites was published in the Rock Art Research journal in November. “This is relevant not only for Venezuela but points at a cultural and ethnic richness that will enhance, worldwide, how we think about the region,” Pérez-Gómez told Axios Latino.

Venezuela archaeologists discover ancient rock art sites from a 'previously unknown' culture

A company drilling for oil off the Israeli coast stumbled upon a shipwreck which might change maritime history as we know it. The ship, which according to the Israel Antiquities Authority (IAA) is 3,300 years old is also said to be the remains of the oldest shipwreck to be found in the deep sea.&nbsp;

<h2>About the shipwreck discovered</h2>

The shipwreck and its artefacts were discovered around 1,800 metres deep at the bottom of the Mediterranean Sea by Energean, an energy company. The cargo on the ship included hundreds of amphorae – a tall ancient Greek or Roman container likely used for carrying oil, wine or fruit.&nbsp;

The shipwreck was discovered last year after the Energean-operated underwater robot was scouring the seabed and stumbled upon the 12- to 14-metre-long ship buried in the muddy bottom of the sea among hundreds of jars.&nbsp;

Also Read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/after-human-testicles-microplastics-discovered-in-human-penises-for-first-time-733810">After human testicles, microplastics discovered in human penises for first time</a>

The energy company’s environment lead Karnit Bahartan said that they had sent the images to the IAA; it turned out to be a “sensational discovery, far beyond what we could imagine”. &nbsp;

The ship is still sitting at the bottom of the ocean. However, Energean worked with the IAA and retrieved two of the jars to the surface for research.

<h2>‘Groundbreaking discovery’</h2>

The finding of the hundreds of intact ancient amphorae has been described as a “groundbreaking discovery” by the IAA.&nbsp;

The Israeli authority also said that given the depth at which the shipwreck is, it has been undisturbed by waves, currents or fishermen for millennia. Therefore, the IAA believes that it offers a greater potential for research.&nbsp;

“Only two other shipwrecks with cargo are known from the Late Bronze Age in the Mediterranean Sea…both found off the Turkish coast. Yet both of those shipwrecks were found relatively close to shore,” Jacob Sharvit, head of the IAA marine unit noted.&nbsp;

The shipwreck, Sharvit said, has “tremendous potential” for research and since it was “preserved at such a great depth time has frozen since the moment of disaster.”&nbsp;

According to the IAA, the discovery suggests that the navigational skills of ancient sailors were more advanced than previously thought.&nbsp;

“The discovery of this boat now changes our entire understanding of ancient mariner abilities. It is the very first to be found at such a great distance with no line of sight to any landmass,” said Sharvit.&nbsp;

Also Read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/does-space-travel-impact-eye-health-researchers-investigate-733576">Does space travel impact eye health? Researchers investigate</a>

He also noted that up until this discovery, researchers were under the impression that the trade during this period was conducted by boats sailing close to the shore and “safely flitting from port to port”.&nbsp;

“The discovery of this boat now changes our entire understanding of ancient mariner abilities. It is the very first to be found at such a great distance with no line of sight to any landmass,” said the official from the IAA.&nbsp;

The finding, as per the Israeli official, also suggests that the sailors navigated using celestial bodies like the sun and star positions to find their way.

(With inputs from agencies) 
&nbsp;

A company drilling for oil off the Israeli coast stumbled upon a shipwreck which might change maritime history as we know it. The ship, which according to the Israel Antiquities Authority (IAA) is 3,300 years old is also said to be the remains of the oldest shipwreck to be found in the deep sea.

A company drilling for oil off the Israeli coast stumbled upon a shipwreck which might change maritime history as we know it. The ship, which according to the Israel Antiquities Authority (IAA) is 3,300 years old is also said to be the remains of the oldest shipwreck to be found in the deep sea. About the shipwreck discovered The shipwreck and its artefacts were discovered around 1,800 metres deep at the bottom of the Mediterranean Sea by Energean, an energy company. The cargo on the ship included hundreds of amphorae – a tall ancient Greek or Roman container likely used for carrying oil, wine or fruit. The shipwreck was discovered last year after the Energean-operated underwater robot was scouring the seabed and stumbled upon the 12- to 14-metre-long ship buried in the muddy bottom of the sea among hundreds of jars. Also Read | After human testicles, microplastics discovered in human penises for first time The energy company’s environment lead Karnit Bahartan said that they had sent the images to the IAA; it turned out to be a “sensational discovery, far beyond what we could imagine”. The ship is still sitting at the bottom of the ocean. However, Energean worked with the IAA and retrieved two of the jars to the surface for research. ‘Groundbreaking discovery’ The finding of the hundreds of intact ancient amphorae has been described as a “groundbreaking discovery” by the IAA. The Israeli authority also said that given the depth at which the shipwreck is, it has been undisturbed by waves, currents or fishermen for millennia. Therefore, the IAA believes that it offers a greater potential for research. “Only two other shipwrecks with cargo are known from the Late Bronze Age in the Mediterranean Sea…both found off the Turkish coast. Yet both of those shipwrecks were found relatively close to shore,” Jacob Sharvit, head of the IAA marine unit noted. The shipwreck, Sharvit said, has “tremendous potential” for research and since it was “preserved at such a great depth time has frozen since the moment of disaster.” According to the IAA, the discovery suggests that the navigational skills of ancient sailors were more advanced than previously thought. “The discovery of this boat now changes our entire understanding of ancient mariner abilities. It is the very first to be found at such a great distance with no line of sight to any landmass,” said Sharvit. Also Read | Does space travel impact eye health? Researchers investigate He also noted that up until this discovery, researchers were under the impression that the trade during this period was conducted by boats sailing close to the shore and “safely flitting from port to port”. “The discovery of this boat now changes our entire understanding of ancient mariner abilities. It is the very first to be found at such a great distance with no line of sight to any landmass,” said the official from the IAA. The finding, as per the Israeli official, also suggests that the sailors navigated using celestial bodies like the sun and star positions to find their way. (With inputs from agencies)

A 3,300-year-old shipwreck discovered off Israeli coast could rewrite history. Here's why

Archaeologists&nbsp;made a significant discovery, earlier this week,&nbsp;at the first United States President George Washington’s home at Mount Vernon. They unearthed two glass jars while excavating the cellar, which holds 250-year-old preserved cherries.

<h2>‘Forgotten bottles’</h2>

Amid an ongoing revitalisation project at Mount Vernon, archaeologists found two dark green glass bottles which were sealed and each contained a liquid, said a statement by the Mount Vernon Ladies’ Association (MVLA), a non-profit organisation that preserves and maintains Washington’s estate.&nbsp;

The bottles were found in the historic mansion’s cellar and each of them was full of cherries which are said to be more than two centuries old.&nbsp;

Also Read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/iconic-mona-lisa-painting-could-get-a-room-of-its-own-says-louvre-715715">Iconic Mona Lisa painting could get a room of its own, says Louvre</a>

It is also believed that the bottles were recovered from a “pit where they may have been forgotten and eventually buried beneath a brick floor laid in the 1770s,” said the statement from Mount Vernon.&nbsp;

After the discovery, the intact bottles were transported to Mount Vernon’s archaeology lab for further research where they were opened and unsealed.&nbsp;

Researchers also determined that removing the liquid would stabilise the glass that has not been exposed to the atmosphere for around two centuries.&nbsp;

<h2>What did the bottles contain?</h2>

Mount Vernon’s principal archaeologist, Jason Boroughs, told USA Today that the 250-year-old cherries actually looked like cherries and were described as having flesh, pits and stems. He also said that the liquid inside smelled like cherry blossoms.

The cherries, as per the team at Mount Vernon, “bore the characteristic scent of cherry blossoms familiar to residents of the region during the spring season.”

However, the research team working at Washington’s estate is not entirely sure about what that liquid is. Meanwhile, Boroughs said that the cherries may have been picked by enslaved labourers sometime between 1758 and 1776 and preserved this way so that they could be eaten later.

Also Read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/trending/delta-airlines-boeings-emergency-exit-slide-detaches-mid-air-report-says-715633">Delta Airlines Boeing plane's emergency exit slide detaches mid-air, report says</a>

“There are 18th-century accounts that talk about proper ways of preserving fruits and vegetables,” he told the Washington Post.&nbsp;

The researchers also speculated that the bottles’ contents could be remnants of Washington’s drink of choice, Cherry Bounce. The drink was reportedly made with brandy, spice, sugar and cherry juice. However, the drink was said to be stored in bigger bottles, so it seems unlikely and the theory was later ruled out by the team.&nbsp;

The bottles “can provide us with valuable insight and perspective into 18th-century lives at Mount Vernon,” said Boroughs.&nbsp;

He added, “These bottles have the potential to enrich the historic narrative, and we’re excited to have the contents analyzed so we can share this discovery with fellow researchers and the visiting public.”

(With inputs from agencies)

Archaeologists made a significant discovery, earlier this week, at the first United States President George Washington’s home at Mount Vernon. They unearthed two glass jars while excavating the cellar, which holds 250-year-old preserved cherries.

Archaeologists made a significant discovery, earlier this week, at the first United States President George Washington’s home at Mount Vernon. They unearthed two glass jars while excavating the cellar, which holds 250-year-old preserved cherries. ‘Forgotten bottles’ Amid an ongoing revitalisation project at Mount Vernon, archaeologists found two dark green glass bottles which were sealed and each contained a liquid, said a statement by the Mount Vernon Ladies’ Association (MVLA), a non-profit organisation that preserves and maintains Washington’s estate. The bottles were found in the historic mansion’s cellar and each of them was full of cherries which are said to be more than two centuries old. Also Read | Iconic Mona Lisa painting could get a room of its own, says Louvre It is also believed that the bottles were recovered from a “pit where they may have been forgotten and eventually buried beneath a brick floor laid in the 1770s,” said the statement from Mount Vernon. After the discovery, the intact bottles were transported to Mount Vernon’s archaeology lab for further research where they were opened and unsealed. Researchers also determined that removing the liquid would stabilise the glass that has not been exposed to the atmosphere for around two centuries. What did the bottles contain? Mount Vernon’s principal archaeologist, Jason Boroughs, told USA Today that the 250-year-old cherries actually looked like cherries and were described as having flesh, pits and stems. He also said that the liquid inside smelled like cherry blossoms. The cherries, as per the team at Mount Vernon, “bore the characteristic scent of cherry blossoms familiar to residents of the region during the spring season.” However, the research team working at Washington’s estate is not entirely sure about what that liquid is. Meanwhile, Boroughs said that the cherries may have been picked by enslaved labourers sometime between 1758 and 1776 and preserved this way so that they could be eaten later. Also Read | Delta Airlines Boeing plane's emergency exit slide detaches mid-air, report says “There are 18th-century accounts that talk about proper ways of preserving fruits and vegetables,” he told the Washington Post. The researchers also speculated that the bottles’ contents could be remnants of Washington’s drink of choice, Cherry Bounce. The drink was reportedly made with brandy, spice, sugar and cherry juice. However, the drink was said to be stored in bigger bottles, so it seems unlikely and the theory was later ruled out by the team. The bottles “can provide us with valuable insight and perspective into 18th-century lives at Mount Vernon,” said Boroughs. He added, “These bottles have the potential to enrich the historic narrative, and we’re excited to have the contents analyzed so we can share this discovery with fellow researchers and the visiting public.” (With inputs from agencies)

Archaeologists find bottles of 250-year-old cherries under George Washington’s home in Mount Vernon

Archaeologists have discovered evidence of ancient Stone Age rituals. The analysis of bones discovered in a tomb in France's Rhone Valley uncovers evidence of ritualistic killings reaching back over 2,000 years.

Archaeologists have discovered evidence of ancient Stone Age rituals. The analysis of bones discovered in a tomb in France's Rhone Valley uncovers evidence of ritualistic killings reaching back over 2,000 years. These findings, which were published in Science Advances on April 10, give insight into our predecessors' activities. The tomb, located in Saint-Paul-Trois-Chateaux in Avignon in southern France, was discovered more than two decades ago. The tomb, which resembled the structure of a grain silo, held the bones of three women who were interred around 5,500 years ago. What is incaprettamento? What distinguishes this find is the women's sad fate. According to analysis, they were buried alive, demonstrating the traditions of the time. The skeletons were discovered with their necks connected to their legs behind their backs, a kind of self-strangulation known as incaprettamento. Also read: Dancing in trance: Ancient humans possibly danced under hallucinogenic influence, archaeologists suggest Eric Crubrezy, a biological anthropologist at Paul Sabatier University, suggests a relationship between these ceremonies and agriculture. "You have the alignment, you have the silo, you have the broken stones - so it seems that it was a rite related to agriculture," he added. Similar tombs around Europe, spanning from 5,400 to 3,500 BC, suggest a widespread practice. When did this practice begin? According to Crubrezy's team, incaprettamento most likely began as a sacrificial tradition in the Mesolithic period before evolving into human sacrifices related to agriculture in the Neolithic. Penny Bickle, an archaeologist at the University of York, supports this theory, citing a link between fertility rituals and human sacrifice. Also read: Archaeologists find well-preserved fresco paintings replete with Trojan War characters in Pompeii Why is this research important? This finding provides insight into our ancient predecessors' religious and cultural practices. While disturbing to us now, it highlights the intricacies of early cultures and the important role rituals played in their lives.

Study unearths practice of women sacrifices across Europe during Stone Age

Researchers have found unusual carvings on Peruvian rocks that might have been created by ancient humans who here high. The carvings are located in Toro Muertoin a Peruvian desert valley dubbed as the Majes River Valley.

Researchers have found unusual carvings on Peruvian rocks that might have been created by ancient humans who here high. The carvings are located in Toro Muertoin a Peruvian desert valley dubbed as the Majes River Valley. The valley is home to over 2,500 volcanic boulders which are carved with ancient inscriptions. These inscriptions or petroglyphs might have been carved by hallucinating ancient artists according to the research published in the Cambridge Archaeological Journal. The archaeologists from Poland's Adam Mickiewicz University and the University of Warsaw who conducted the study found a characteristic feature in the Toro Muertoin's petroglyph iconography that is human figures engaged in dance, referred to as danzantes, often accompanied by geometric patterns, predominantly variations of zigzag lines. The researchers have multiple theories for what these lines could represent: Songs or wild dancing "We suggest that zigzag lines could be representations of songs, which seems particularly intriguing given the repeated juxtaposition of these patterns with the figures of dancers at Toro Muerto, not only in the more complex compositions (Figs 4–8) but also in the less complex as well," the paper read. Visual metaphors for passage to the afterlife It is also speculated that some complex arrangements of danzantes and linear geometric patterns might serve as visual representations of transitioning to the afterlife. "Our interpretation suggests that the banded structures of geometric patterns could be representations of the cosmos—its spheres and events connected to its creation and its exploration, which could have come about during ritual ceremonies of which dance and song were the quintessence," researchers said. "The associations of danzantes with banded structures of patterns might embody visualization of being in this parallel world, emphasizing its authenticity and invariability," they added. Also read: Mythology meets Astronomy: Ancient Egyptians believed Milky Way galaxy was a celestial goddess, claims study Influence of hallucinogenic plants They further suggest that the carvings and patterns around the dancing folks are to convey experiencing music while under the influence of some type of psychedelic. The authors believe that these engravings were created while under the influence of hallucinogenic plants. "The scene on boulder TM 1219 indeed presents surprising similarities to the Tukano drawings, in terms not only of individual motifs but also their arrangement," the researchers said. Earlier research has shown that many of these carvings were carved during rituals by people under the influence of ayahuasca, a beverage prepared from psychotropic vines. The carvings in Toro MuertoinGiven are similar to those in the earlier research leading to the belief that they were created by people on hallucinogenic herbs.

Dancing in trance: Ancient humans possibly danced under hallucinogenic influence, archaeologists suggest

In pics | Peru: Archaeologists unearth 3,000-year-old priestly tomb

In pics | Archaeologists find over 500-year-old ‘unique’ cache of well-preserved spices

A study published in the journal, Nature Ecology and Evolution, after studying thousands of fish fossils, revealed that they have found evidence of what may be the earliest signs of fire being used to cook. This comes as scientists previously found “definitive evidence” by Neanderthals and early Homo sapiens 170,000 years ago, however, the new research pushes the date to more than 600,000 years.&nbsp;

The study conducted by Israeli researchers claims that early humans living 780,000 years ago used to cook, while the issue has somewhat been controversial among archaeologists as it is difficult to prove that fireplaces were used for anything other than warmth. The study comes after 16 years of research, which catalogued thousands of fish remains found in Gesher Benot Ya’aqov in northern Israel.&nbsp;

ALSO READ:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/worlds-first-saliva-based-pregnancy-test-kit-launched-in-israel-to-be-available-globally-in-2023-532841">World's first saliva-based pregnancy test kit launched in Israel; to be available globally in 2023</a>

The first author Irit Zohar, an archaeologist at Tel Aviv University’s Steinhardt Museum of Natural History, said that the banks of the Jordan River once had a lake where they found these ancient fish fossils which helped them investigate. In an interview with AFP, she said that the fossils they found had “nearly no fish bones” but lots of teeth which was their first clue.&nbsp;

Notably, most of the teeth found were of the two particularly large species of carp which were over two metres long and may have been selected for their “succulent” meat, said the study. In the same area, her colleague found burnt flints and other evidence that indicated the presence of a fireplace.&nbsp;

ALSO WATCH:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/videos/a-7-million-year-old-fossil-of-a-crocodile-ancestor-found-in-peru-480049">A 7-million-year-old fossil of a crocodile ancestor found in Peru</a>

The first author also said that the presence of only teeth suggests cooking because fish bones soften and disintegrate at temperatures under 500 degrees Celsius. However, they found “decisive” after studying the teeth enamel, Zohar added.&nbsp;

Researchers used an X-ray powder diffraction at the Natural History Museum in London in order to compare the changes in the structure of the crystals that make up enamel after it was heated with the other fish fossils discovered in the lake. Subsequently, it concluded that the teeth from the key area of the lake were subjected to a temperature between 200-500 degree celsius, which they say is the right range for a well-cooked fish.&nbsp;

(With inputs from agencies)&nbsp; 
&nbsp;

WATCH WION LIVE HERE

<iframe allow="accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="350" loading="”lazy”" src="https://www.wionews.com/live-tv/embed?autoplay=1&amp;mute=1" width="100%"></iframe>

You can now write for wionews.com and be a part of the community. Share your stories and opinions with us <a href="https://www.wionews.com/content-contribution-registration-form">here</a>.

A study published in the journal, Nature Ecology and Evolution, after studying thousands of fish fossils, revealed that they have found evidence of what may be the earliest signs of fire being used to cook.

A study published in the journal, Nature Ecology and Evolution, after studying thousands of fish fossils, revealed that they have found evidence of what may be the earliest signs of fire being used to cook. This comes as scientists previously found “definitive evidence” by Neanderthals and early Homo sapiens 170,000 years ago, however, the new research pushes the date to more than 600,000 years. The study conducted by Israeli researchers claims that early humans living 780,000 years ago used to cook, while the issue has somewhat been controversial among archaeologists as it is difficult to prove that fireplaces were used for anything other than warmth. The study comes after 16 years of research, which catalogued thousands of fish remains found in Gesher Benot Ya’aqov in northern Israel. ALSO READ: World's first saliva-based pregnancy test kit launched in Israel; to be available globally in 2023 The first author Irit Zohar, an archaeologist at Tel Aviv University’s Steinhardt Museum of Natural History, said that the banks of the Jordan River once had a lake where they found these ancient fish fossils which helped them investigate. In an interview with AFP, she said that the fossils they found had “nearly no fish bones” but lots of teeth which was their first clue. Notably, most of the teeth found were of the two particularly large species of carp which were over two metres long and may have been selected for their “succulent” meat, said the study. In the same area, her colleague found burnt flints and other evidence that indicated the presence of a fireplace. ALSO WATCH: A 7-million-year-old fossil of a crocodile ancestor found in Peru The first author also said that the presence of only teeth suggests cooking because fish bones soften and disintegrate at temperatures under 500 degrees Celsius. However, they found “decisive” after studying the teeth enamel, Zohar added. Researchers used an X-ray powder diffraction at the Natural History Museum in London in order to compare the changes in the structure of the crystals that make up enamel after it was heated with the other fish fossils discovered in the lake. Subsequently, it concluded that the teeth from the key area of the lake were subjected to a temperature between 200-500 degree celsius, which they say is the right range for a well-cooked fish. (With inputs from agencies) WATCH WION LIVE HERE You can now write for wionews.com and be a part of the community. Share your stories and opinions with us here.

Study shows first evidence of cooking which maybe over 600,000 years earlier than previously thought

On Sunday, a team of archaeologists in Israel announced what they have described as a “once-in-a-lifetime” discovery, upon finding a burial cave dating back to ancient Egyptian Pharaoh Rameses II. The cave has also been called “frozen in time” as it has been untouched for at least 3,300 years.&nbsp;

According to the Israel Antiquities Authority (IAA), the cave has not been opened in over three millennia, “This is a once-in-a-lifetime find! It’s not every day that you walk onto an Indiana Jones set – a cave with tools on the floor that haven’t been touched in 3,300 years,” said the country’s antiquities authority expert, Eli Yannai in a press release.&nbsp;

The cave was reportedly found by accident at a popular Israeli beach at the Palmahim National Park and is filled with dozens of pottery pieces most of them still intact and bronze artefacts including spears and arrows. Although some of the other organic material may have disintegrated over the millennia, like the quiver that held the bronze arrowhead, the artefacts are mostly intact.&nbsp;

Yannai, the IAA Bronze Age expert, believes that some of the vessels had been imported from other countries like Lebanon, Syria and Cyprus which was common for the burial assemblages of the era, the local media reported. But it also shows the “lively trading activity that took place along the coast”, said Yannai.&nbsp;

On Tuesday, a mechanical digger was used to hit the roof of the cave which allowed the archaeologists to descend into the man-made structure. The set-up of the artefacts was exactly like that of a Bronze-Age era burial ceremony, reports said. “These vessels were burial offerings that accompanied the deceased in the belief that they would serve the dead in the afterlife,” the officials indicated.&nbsp;

ALSO READ:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/palestinian-farmer-unearths-a-byzantine-era-mosaic-in-gaza-517207">Palestinian farmer unearths a Byzantine-era mosaic in Gaza while planting olive tree</a>

The IAA also released a video which showed the stunned archaeologists shining flashlights on the vessels dating back to the reign of the ancient Egyptian king who died in 1213 B.C. Some of the bowls were painted red and some even contained bones, there were also reportedly some chalices, cooking pots, storage jars and even clay oil lamps that still held their burnt&nbsp;wicks.&nbsp;

According to Yannai, the cave may give them clues to a complete picture of “funerary customs,” of the Late Bronze Age. The archaeologists also found at least one intact skeleton in one of the two rectangular plots at the corner of the cave. However, since the bodies were not well preserved a DNA analysis was not possible, although the archaeologists have theorized that they were local coastal residents.&nbsp;

“The fact that these people were buried along with weapons, including entire arrows, shows that these people might have been warriors, perhaps they were guards on ships – which may have been the reason they were able to obtain vessels from all around the area,” said IAA archaeologist David Gelman. The authorities also think that this is a family tomb, the local media reported.&nbsp;

Rameses II controlled Canaan, a territory which roughly encompasses modern-day Israel and Palestine. Unfortunately, some of the artefacts were stolen, but the site has since been resealed and guarded as the investigation for the missing items is underway, meanwhile, the IAA is formulating a plan for its excavation. “Shortly before the cave was sealed, and despite guarding it, a number of archaeological items were stolen from the cave, and the matter is under investigation,” said IAA head Eli Eskozido, in a statement.&nbsp; 
 
 
(With inputs from agencies)

On Sunday, a team of archaeologists in Israel announced what they have described as a “once-in-a-lifetime” discovery, upon finding a burial cave dating back to ancient Egyptian Pharaoh Rameses II.

On Sunday, a team of archaeologists in Israel announced what they have described as a “once-in-a-lifetime” discovery, upon finding a burial cave dating back to ancient Egyptian Pharaoh Rameses II. The cave has also been called “frozen in time” as it has been untouched for at least 3,300 years. According to the Israel Antiquities Authority (IAA), the cave has not been opened in over three millennia, “This is a once-in-a-lifetime find! It’s not every day that you walk onto an Indiana Jones set – a cave with tools on the floor that haven’t been touched in 3,300 years,” said the country’s antiquities authority expert, Eli Yannai in a press release. The cave was reportedly found by accident at a popular Israeli beach at the Palmahim National Park and is filled with dozens of pottery pieces most of them still intact and bronze artefacts including spears and arrows. Although some of the other organic material may have disintegrated over the millennia, like the quiver that held the bronze arrowhead, the artefacts are mostly intact. Yannai, the IAA Bronze Age expert, believes that some of the vessels had been imported from other countries like Lebanon, Syria and Cyprus which was common for the burial assemblages of the era, the local media reported. But it also shows the “lively trading activity that took place along the coast”, said Yannai. On Tuesday, a mechanical digger was used to hit the roof of the cave which allowed the archaeologists to descend into the man-made structure. The set-up of the artefacts was exactly like that of a Bronze-Age era burial ceremony, reports said. “These vessels were burial offerings that accompanied the deceased in the belief that they would serve the dead in the afterlife,” the officials indicated. ALSO READ: Palestinian farmer unearths a Byzantine-era mosaic in Gaza while planting olive tree The IAA also released a video which showed the stunned archaeologists shining flashlights on the vessels dating back to the reign of the ancient Egyptian king who died in 1213 B.C. Some of the bowls were painted red and some even contained bones, there were also reportedly some chalices, cooking pots, storage jars and even clay oil lamps that still held their burnt wicks. According to Yannai, the cave may give them clues to a complete picture of “funerary customs,” of the Late Bronze Age. The archaeologists also found at least one intact skeleton in one of the two rectangular plots at the corner of the cave. However, since the bodies were not well preserved a DNA analysis was not possible, although the archaeologists have theorized that they were local coastal residents. “The fact that these people were buried along with weapons, including entire arrows, shows that these people might have been warriors, perhaps they were guards on ships – which may have been the reason they were able to obtain vessels from all around the area,” said IAA archaeologist David Gelman. The authorities also think that this is a family tomb, the local media reported. Rameses II controlled Canaan, a territory which roughly encompasses modern-day Israel and Palestine. Unfortunately, some of the artefacts were stolen, but the site has since been resealed and guarded as the investigation for the missing items is underway, meanwhile, the IAA is formulating a plan for its excavation. “Shortly before the cave was sealed, and despite guarding it, a number of archaeological items were stolen from the cave, and the matter is under investigation,” said IAA head Eli Eskozido, in a statement. (With inputs from agencies)

A rare ‘frozen in time’ Ramses II-era burial cave found in Israel

History fascinates us; the discovery of a bygone civilisation fills us with awe, making us wonder what those people were like and how society was back then. Even while we know a lot, we still don't know nearly enough, which is why archaeology and its findings are so crucial.

In the latest, Egyptian researchers have discovered the ruins of a temple dedicated to the ancient Greek god Zeus in the Sinai Peninsula.

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/photos/2-years-after-the-devastating-notre-dame-fire-preventative-archaeological-dig-uncovers-cultural-treasures-471134">Two years after devastating Notre Dame fire, 'preventative' archaeological dig uncovers cultural treasures</a>

For Egypt's&nbsp;tourism business, which has been hit hard by the political upheaval that followed the overthrow of longstanding ruler Hosni Mubarak in 2011, this can very well be a good way to attract tourists.

Coronavirus pandemic and, most recently, Russia's invasion of Ukraine have also proven to be&nbsp;severe blows to the sector.

The temple ruins are the most recent in a long line of ancient finds that Egypt has trumpeted in recent years in the hopes of luring more tourists.

<img alt="Zeus temple" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="8a2a9750-deb3-4c0b-afa2-e23f99793f67" src="//cdn.wionews.com/sites/default/files/inline-images/Gallery%20%2813%29.jpg" />

(Image courtesy: Egypt&nbsp;Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities/Twitter)

Watch |&nbsp;Gravitas: 3500-yr-old Mummy 'digitally unwrapped' by Egyptian Scientists

<div class="videoWrapper trancodeVideo"><iframe allowfullscreen="" autoplay="1" class="includeVideo" frameborder="0" height="350" src="https://www.wionews.com/videos/gravitas-3500-yr-old-mummy-digitally-unwrapped-by-egyptian-scientists-441041/embed" style="width:100%;max-width:560px;" width="560"></iframe></div>

According to the Tourism and Antiquities Ministry, the temple ruins were discovered in the Tell el-Farma archaeological site in northwestern.

<img alt="egypt" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="d237d066-0106-4997-8fd8-9ba9c2fc7aa8" src="//cdn.wionews.com/sites/default/files/inline-images/FROJJY_XsAMr5Se.jpeg" />

(Image courtesy: Egypt&nbsp;Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities/Twitter)

Tell el-Farma, also known as Pelusium in ancient times, dates from the late Pharaonic period and was also utilised during the Greco-Roman and Byzantine periods.&nbsp;Also among the discoveries were additional relics from the early Christian and Islamic periods.

According to Hisham Hussein, head of Sinai archaeological sites, inscriptions discovered in the area reveal that the temple was rebuilt by Roman Emperor Hadrian (117-138).

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/archeologists-discover-most-important-piece-of-prehistoric-art-in-100-years-453044">Archeologists discover 'most important' piece of prehistoric art in 100 years</a>

Excavations in the area began in the early 1900s when French Egyptologist Jean Clédat discovered ancient Greek inscriptions indicating the existence of the Zeus-Kasios temple, but he did not unearth anything, according to the ministry.

Zeus-Kasios is a combination of Zeus, the God of the Sky in Greek mythology, and Mount Kasios in Syria, where Zeus was&nbsp;previously worshipped.

(With inputs from agencies)

History fascinates us; the discovery of a bygone civilisation fills us with awe, making us wonder what those people were like and how society was back then. Even while we know a lot, we still don't know nearly enough, which is why archaeology and its findings are so crucial.

History fascinates us; the discovery of a bygone civilisation fills us with awe, making us wonder what those people were like and how society was back then. Even while we know a lot, we still don't know nearly enough, which is why archaeology and its findings are so crucial. In the latest, Egyptian researchers have discovered the ruins of a temple dedicated to the ancient Greek god Zeus in the Sinai Peninsula. Also read | Two years after devastating Notre Dame fire, 'preventative' archaeological dig uncovers cultural treasures For Egypt's tourism business, which has been hit hard by the political upheaval that followed the overthrow of longstanding ruler Hosni Mubarak in 2011, this can very well be a good way to attract tourists. Coronavirus pandemic and, most recently, Russia's invasion of Ukraine have also proven to be severe blows to the sector. The temple ruins are the most recent in a long line of ancient finds that Egypt has trumpeted in recent years in the hopes of luring more tourists. (Image courtesy: Egypt Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities/Twitter) Watch | Gravitas: 3500-yr-old Mummy 'digitally unwrapped' by Egyptian Scientists According to the Tourism and Antiquities Ministry, the temple ruins were discovered in the Tell el-Farma archaeological site in northwestern. (Image courtesy: Egypt Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities/Twitter) Tell el-Farma, also known as Pelusium in ancient times, dates from the late Pharaonic period and was also utilised during the Greco-Roman and Byzantine periods. Also among the discoveries were additional relics from the early Christian and Islamic periods. According to Hisham Hussein, head of Sinai archaeological sites, inscriptions discovered in the area reveal that the temple was rebuilt by Roman Emperor Hadrian (117-138). Also read | Archeologists discover 'most important' piece of prehistoric art in 100 years Excavations in the area began in the early 1900s when French Egyptologist Jean Clédat discovered ancient Greek inscriptions indicating the existence of the Zeus-Kasios temple, but he did not unearth anything, according to the ministry. Zeus-Kasios is a combination of Zeus, the God of the Sky in Greek mythology, and Mount Kasios in Syria, where Zeus was previously worshipped. (With inputs from agencies)

Egypt announces the discovery of Zeus temple in Sinai, check out some fascinating pics of the dig

Two years after devastating Notre Dame fire, 'preventative' archaeological dig uncovers cultural treasures

Neanderthals first appeared in Europe 400,000 years ago. The current theory suggests that the species went extinct about 40,000 years ago, right around the time Homo sapiens arrived from Africa on the continent.

An interesting <a href="https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.abj9496">new study</a>&nbsp;indicates that our species may have arrived much earlier and coexisted with the Neanderthals for more than 10,000 years before they became extinct.

Prof Chris Stringer, of the Natural History Museum in London, argues that these results undermine the current view that humans quickly overtook the Neanderthals.

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/mt-everests-2000-year-old-glacier-will-disappear-by-mid-century-warn-scientists-451624" hreflang="en">Mt. Everest's 2,000-year-old glacier will disappear by mid-century, warn scientists</a>

According to him, modern humans did not take over the planet overnight. Talking to BBC he said that "sometimes Neanderthals had the advantage, sometimes modern humans had the advantage, so it was more finely balanced."

During excavations at Grotte Mandrin in France, archaeologists found fossils in several layers. As they dug deeper, they could see farther back in time. Neanderthal remains were found in the lowest layers, which date back 20,000 years.

However, to their surprise, they also found a modern human child's tooth in a layer dating back over 54,000 years ago. In addition, they also found stone tools that did not appear to have come from Neanderthals.

<img alt="Source: Science.org" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="116f31db-49c2-4122-87d3-5bfbe152a0ba" src="//cdn.wionews.com/sites/default/files/inline-images/stories%20%2818%29.jpg" />

Image source: Science.org

Based on the evidence, this early group of humans lived at the site for about 2,000 years, after which it was abandoned. After a few thousand years, the Neanderthals return and occupy the site, until modern humans return some 44,000 years ago.

''We have this ebb and flow,'' says Prof Stringer. ''The modern humans appear briefly, then there's a gap where maybe the climate just finished them off and then the Neanderthals come back again.''

Another important discovery was the association between the stone tools and the modern child's teeth found in the same layer. In the past, similar tools had been found in other locations, including the Rhone valley and Lebanon, but scientists did not know what species of humans made them.

Also read | <a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/study-reveals-that-even-dying-stars-can-give-birth-to-brand-new-planets-451084" hreflang="en">Study reveals that even dying stars can give birth to brand new planets</a>

Several of the smaller tools discovered at the site may have been arrowheads, according to some of the researchers. The discovery suggest that early modern humans used the advanced weaponry of bows and arrows to defeat the Neanderthals 54,000 years ago. This if confirmed can be quite a discovery. However, even if that were the case, it would have only been a temporary advantage, since the Neanderthals came back.

<img alt="Image source: Science.org" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="d972c325-54a9-496e-a59c-5f3fe752adc3" src="//cdn.wionews.com/sites/default/files/inline-images/stories%20%2817%29.jpg" />

Image source: Science.org

It begs the question if it was not our species eradicating them immediately, what gave us the advantage in the long run?

There have been many theories put forth by scientists: our ability to create art, language, and perhaps a better brain. Prof Stringer believes it was because we were more organised.&nbsp;The networking was better, the social groups were larger, the knowledge was stored better, and we built on it, he said.

Prof Stringer believes that the idea of long-term interaction between humans and Neanderthals is in agreement with the finding in 2010 that modern humans possess some Neanderthal DNA. This indicates that the two species interbred.

We don't know if they exchanged partners peacefully or if they grabbed another female. They could have adopted orphaned Neanderthal babies, he said.

He pointed out that it's possible that all of those things happened, but we will be able to learn more about what happened at the end of the Neanderthal era as more DNA is found.

Neanderthals first appeared in Europe 400,000 years ago. The current theory suggests that the species went extinct about 40,000 years ago, right around the time Homo sapiens arrived from Africa on the continent.

Neanderthals first appeared in Europe 400,000 years ago. The current theory suggests that the species went extinct about 40,000 years ago, right around the time Homo sapiens arrived from Africa on the continent. An interesting new study indicates that our species may have arrived much earlier and coexisted with the Neanderthals for more than 10,000 years before they became extinct. Prof Chris Stringer, of the Natural History Museum in London, argues that these results undermine the current view that humans quickly overtook the Neanderthals. Also read | Mt. Everest's 2,000-year-old glacier will disappear by mid-century, warn scientists According to him, modern humans did not take over the planet overnight. Talking to BBC he said that "sometimes Neanderthals had the advantage, sometimes modern humans had the advantage, so it was more finely balanced." During excavations at Grotte Mandrin in France, archaeologists found fossils in several layers. As they dug deeper, they could see farther back in time. Neanderthal remains were found in the lowest layers, which date back 20,000 years. However, to their surprise, they also found a modern human child's tooth in a layer dating back over 54,000 years ago. In addition, they also found stone tools that did not appear to have come from Neanderthals. Image source: Science.org Based on the evidence, this early group of humans lived at the site for about 2,000 years, after which it was abandoned. After a few thousand years, the Neanderthals return and occupy the site, until modern humans return some 44,000 years ago. ''We have this ebb and flow,'' says Prof Stringer. ''The modern humans appear briefly, then there's a gap where maybe the climate just finished them off and then the Neanderthals come back again.'' Another important discovery was the association between the stone tools and the modern child's teeth found in the same layer. In the past, similar tools had been found in other locations, including the Rhone valley and Lebanon, but scientists did not know what species of humans made them. Also read | Study reveals that even dying stars can give birth to brand new planets Several of the smaller tools discovered at the site may have been arrowheads, according to some of the researchers. The discovery suggest that early modern humans used the advanced weaponry of bows and arrows to defeat the Neanderthals 54,000 years ago. This if confirmed can be quite a discovery. However, even if that were the case, it would have only been a temporary advantage, since the Neanderthals came back. Image source: Science.org It begs the question if it was not our species eradicating them immediately, what gave us the advantage in the long run? There have been many theories put forth by scientists: our ability to create art, language, and perhaps a better brain. Prof Stringer believes it was because we were more organised. The networking was better, the social groups were larger, the knowledge was stored better, and we built on it, he said. Prof Stringer believes that the idea of long-term interaction between humans and Neanderthals is in agreement with the finding in 2010 that modern humans possess some Neanderthal DNA. This indicates that the two species interbred. We don't know if they exchanged partners peacefully or if they grabbed another female. They could have adopted orphaned Neanderthal babies, he said. He pointed out that it's possible that all of those things happened, but we will be able to learn more about what happened at the end of the Neanderthal era as more DNA is found.

Did we, the modern humans, kill off Neanderthals? A new finding may have answers

Researchers have uncovered the world's oldest family tree by analysing DNA from a tomb 5,700 years old. This has shed "extraordinary light" on farming and family among the earliest farmers in Britain.

Scientists have examined 35 people's teeth and bones in a neolithic tomb near Hazleton, in the Cotswolds, which is one of the best-preserved tombs in Britain. The results, according to Dr Chris Fowler of Newcastle University, are "astounding.".

27 of the subjects were biological relatives from five generations of a single extended family. Many were related through four women who had children with the same man.

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/now-supply-chain-disruption-hits-mcdonalds-in-japan-french-fries-take-a-hit-439149" hreflang="en">Now, supply chain disruption hits McDonald's in Japan; French fries take a hit</a>

According to Fowler, this indicates the importance of descent. It is likely that they chose people who were close relatives of the people buried there in the first place when they built the tombs. They share a very close connection with their ancestors that stretches back several generations.

Researchers from Newcastle, Central Lancashire, Exeter, and York Universities worked with geneticists from Harvard University, Vienna University, and the University of the Basque Country on the project. This study, published in Nature presents the first comprehensive picture of prehistoric family structures.

The inclusion of some very young children in the tomb shows that family was important.

Approximately 100 years after cattle and cereal cultivation was introduced to Britain from continental Europe, this prehistoric group lived around 3700–3600BC and became some of Britain's first farmers. Stonehenge, the most famous Neolithic monument, would not be built for another 700 years.

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/this-is-the-most-well-preserved-dinosaur-egg-ever-discovered-438891" hreflang="en">This is the most well-preserved Dinosaur egg ever discovered</a>

Research indicates that the dead were buried according to the women they were descended from at Hazleton North long cairn. Thus, the study concludes, these first-generation women were socially important in the memories of this community.

The people probably herded animals as they moved around the landscape. Their diet was rich in dairy products and protein, and they used pots to store and cook their food. New research suggests that family ties were also important to them.

Fowler said the research was crucial because it allows us to see what was happening in Neolithic society. In carrying out such burial practices, they are tracing their lineage, they are looking toward the future as a community.

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/comet-leonard-had-a-close-shave-with-a-spacecraft-near-sun-check-what-happened-439008" hreflang="en">Comet Leonard had a close shave with a spacecraft near Sun, check what happened</a>

An analysis of DNA revealed the age, gender, and family ties of the individuals. It is much easier for us to relate to those individuals now that we have an improved biographical picture of them, he said.

Fowler states that similar studies in Ireland concluded that remains were not biologically related, which makes the discovery at Hazleton North all the more remarkable.

In addition, researchers found that males who we would call stepsons were also adopted into the lineage, a finding that suggests that blended families aren't just a modern phenomenon.

Researchers have uncovered the world's oldest family tree by analysing DNA from a tomb 5,700 years old. This has shed "extraordinary light" on farming and family among the earliest farmers in Britain.

Researchers have uncovered the world's oldest family tree by analysing DNA from a tomb 5,700 years old. This has shed "extraordinary light" on farming and family among the earliest farmers in Britain. Scientists have examined 35 people's teeth and bones in a neolithic tomb near Hazleton, in the Cotswolds, which is one of the best-preserved tombs in Britain. The results, according to Dr Chris Fowler of Newcastle University, are "astounding.". 27 of the subjects were biological relatives from five generations of a single extended family. Many were related through four women who had children with the same man. Also read | Now, supply chain disruption hits McDonald's in Japan; French fries take a hit According to Fowler, this indicates the importance of descent. It is likely that they chose people who were close relatives of the people buried there in the first place when they built the tombs. They share a very close connection with their ancestors that stretches back several generations. Researchers from Newcastle, Central Lancashire, Exeter, and York Universities worked with geneticists from Harvard University, Vienna University, and the University of the Basque Country on the project. This study, published in Nature presents the first comprehensive picture of prehistoric family structures. The inclusion of some very young children in the tomb shows that family was important. Approximately 100 years after cattle and cereal cultivation was introduced to Britain from continental Europe, this prehistoric group lived around 3700–3600BC and became some of Britain's first farmers. Stonehenge, the most famous Neolithic monument, would not be built for another 700 years. Also read | This is the most well-preserved Dinosaur egg ever discovered Research indicates that the dead were buried according to the women they were descended from at Hazleton North long cairn. Thus, the study concludes, these first-generation women were socially important in the memories of this community. The people probably herded animals as they moved around the landscape. Their diet was rich in dairy products and protein, and they used pots to store and cook their food. New research suggests that family ties were also important to them. Fowler said the research was crucial because it allows us to see what was happening in Neolithic society. In carrying out such burial practices, they are tracing their lineage, they are looking toward the future as a community. Also read | Comet Leonard had a close shave with a spacecraft near Sun, check what happened An analysis of DNA revealed the age, gender, and family ties of the individuals. It is much easier for us to relate to those individuals now that we have an improved biographical picture of them, he said. Fowler states that similar studies in Ireland concluded that remains were not biologically related, which makes the discovery at Hazleton North all the more remarkable. In addition, researchers found that males who we would call stepsons were also adopted into the lineage, a finding that suggests that blended families aren't just a modern phenomenon.

Researchers discover world's oldest family tree, by analysing DNA from 5,700 years old tomb

Researchers from Israel on Wednesday displayed a golden ring bearing an early Christian symbol of Jesus engraved in its gemstone, which was found in a shipwreck off the ancient port of Caesarea.

On the thick octagonal gold ring was the figure of the "Good Shepherd" in the form of a young shepherd boy wearing a tunic and carrying a ram or sheep across his shoulders.

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/1875-almanac-other-books-found-in-a-time-capsule-in-us-richmond-439198" hreflang="en">1875 almanac, other books found in a time capsule in US' Richmond</a>

As well as the ring, the Israel Antiquities Authority said it found bronze eagle figurines, bells for warding off evil spirits, pottery, and a Roman pantomimus figurine in a comic mask.

A red gemstone along with a carving of a lyre and the wooden hull of the ship were also found in the relatively shallow waters, according to the authority.

The Good Shepherd ring was researched by Helena Sokolov, a curator in the IAA's coin department. According to her, the city of Cesarea during the third century was the capital of the Roman empire, and its harbour was an important hub for Roman trade and commerce.

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/trending/kleptomaniac-kitty-plagues-town-in-new-zealand-steals-underwear-shoes-and-drugs-439218" hreflang="en">'Kleptomaniac kitty' plagues town in New Zealand; steals underwear, shoes and drugs</a>

Jesus is represented as a caring shepherd, guiding those in need and tending to his flock in early Christian symbolism. However, finding it on a ring was rare.

In the third century, when it was one of Christianity's earliest centres, Caesarea was ethnically and religiously heterogeneous, so the presence of such a symbol on a ring probably owned by a Roman operating in or around the port made sense.

"This was a period when Christianity was just in its beginning, but definitely growing and developing, especially in mixed cities like Caesarea," Sokolov told news agency AFP, adding that the ring was not large, suggesting it may have belonged to a female.

Watch |&nbsp;This tiny British island looking for new 'King'

<div class="videoWrapper trancodeVideo"><iframe allowfullscreen="" autoplay="1" class="includeVideo" frameborder="0" height="350" src="https://www.wionews.com/videos/this-tiny-british-island-looking-for-new-king-439211/embed" style="width:100%;max-width:560px;" width="560"></iframe></div>

While Christianity was being practised in "underground" forums at the time, she pointed out that the Roman empire was tolerant of new forms of worship, including that of Jesus, so that a wealthy citizen could wear such a ring.

In addition to the Roman-era treasures, IAA divers also discovered a trove of about 560 Mamluk-era coins from the fourteenth century in a second wreck nearby.

(With inputs from agencies)

Researchers from Israel on Wednesday displayed a golden ring bearing an early Christian symbol of Jesus engraved in its gemstone, which was found in a shipwreck off the ancient port of Caesarea.

Researchers from Israel on Wednesday displayed a golden ring bearing an early Christian symbol of Jesus engraved in its gemstone, which was found in a shipwreck off the ancient port of Caesarea. On the thick octagonal gold ring was the figure of the "Good Shepherd" in the form of a young shepherd boy wearing a tunic and carrying a ram or sheep across his shoulders. Also read | 1875 almanac, other books found in a time capsule in US' Richmond As well as the ring, the Israel Antiquities Authority said it found bronze eagle figurines, bells for warding off evil spirits, pottery, and a Roman pantomimus figurine in a comic mask. A red gemstone along with a carving of a lyre and the wooden hull of the ship were also found in the relatively shallow waters, according to the authority. The Good Shepherd ring was researched by Helena Sokolov, a curator in the IAA's coin department. According to her, the city of Cesarea during the third century was the capital of the Roman empire, and its harbour was an important hub for Roman trade and commerce. Also read | 'Kleptomaniac kitty' plagues town in New Zealand; steals underwear, shoes and drugs Jesus is represented as a caring shepherd, guiding those in need and tending to his flock in early Christian symbolism. However, finding it on a ring was rare. In the third century, when it was one of Christianity's earliest centres, Caesarea was ethnically and religiously heterogeneous, so the presence of such a symbol on a ring probably owned by a Roman operating in or around the port made sense. "This was a period when Christianity was just in its beginning, but definitely growing and developing, especially in mixed cities like Caesarea," Sokolov told news agency AFP, adding that the ring was not large, suggesting it may have belonged to a female. Watch | This tiny British island looking for new 'King' While Christianity was being practised in "underground" forums at the time, she pointed out that the Roman empire was tolerant of new forms of worship, including that of Jesus, so that a wealthy citizen could wear such a ring. In addition to the Roman-era treasures, IAA divers also discovered a trove of about 560 Mamluk-era coins from the fourteenth century in a second wreck nearby. (With inputs from agencies)

Gold ring bearing 'Good Shepherd' inscription found in Roman-era wreckage off Israel

Throughout history, literature, folklore, and art have depicted&nbsp;love as an important part of human emotions. Despite this, direct skeletal evidence of love in an archaeological setting is rare.&nbsp;

Recently, the skeletal remains of a male and female were found in a joint burial from the Northern Wei Dynasty (386-434 CE).&nbsp;

While excavating the Shanxi province in northern China, workers discovered them in June 2020.

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/archeologists-discover-new-section-of-jerusalems-ancient-wall-398101">Archeologists discover new section of Jerusalem's ancient wall</a>

Grasping each other in an embrace of eternal love, the two skeletons' position&nbsp;suggested a close bond. The pair was found lying on their sides, and the woman was nuzzling her nose into the shoulder of the man. Their arms circled each other, holding the waist of the other.

This is the first burial arrangement of its kind discovered in China and may reflect a change in Chinese attitudes toward love and its physical expression during the Northern Wei Dynasty (386-534).&nbsp;

At the time of his death, the man is estimated to have been aged 29 to 35. He was 5 feet 4 inches tall and was suffering from a broken arm, an absent ring finger on his right hand, and also had issues with his feet.

The woman is estimated to have been between 35 and 40 years old at the time of her death and stood 5'2" tall.

While there's no information about how the couple ended up in the same grave, the International Journal of Osteoarchaeology suggests the wife may have sacrificed herself to be buried with her dead husband, but other scenarios were also possible.&nbsp;

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/miniature-pompeii-ancient-roman-building-found-in-abandoned-cinema-hall-in-italy-391660">'Miniature Pompeii': Ancient Roman building found in abandoned cinema hall in Italy</a>

According to the researchers, an example of human emotion in burial, this grave is a rare opportunity to see how northern Chinese people viewed love, life, death, and beyond during times of cultural flux and ethnic exchange.

The paper's abstract as published on researchgate website says that "this funerary practice might have been influenced by the customs from the Western Regions and beyond through the Silk Roads and the sinicization and assimilation of the Xianbei people."

The cemetery contained approximately 600 graves from Xianbei. Additionally, ceramics were also discovered in the cemetery.&nbsp;

Throughout history, literature, folklore, and art have depicted love as an important part of human emotions. Despite this, direct skeletal evidence of love in an archaeological setting is rare.

Throughout history, literature, folklore, and art have depicted love as an important part of human emotions. Despite this, direct skeletal evidence of love in an archaeological setting is rare. Recently, the skeletal remains of a male and female were found in a joint burial from the Northern Wei Dynasty (386-434 CE). While excavating the Shanxi province in northern China, workers discovered them in June 2020. Also read | Archeologists discover new section of Jerusalem's ancient wall Grasping each other in an embrace of eternal love, the two skeletons' position suggested a close bond. The pair was found lying on their sides, and the woman was nuzzling her nose into the shoulder of the man. Their arms circled each other, holding the waist of the other. This is the first burial arrangement of its kind discovered in China and may reflect a change in Chinese attitudes toward love and its physical expression during the Northern Wei Dynasty (386-534). At the time of his death, the man is estimated to have been aged 29 to 35. He was 5 feet 4 inches tall and was suffering from a broken arm, an absent ring finger on his right hand, and also had issues with his feet. The woman is estimated to have been between 35 and 40 years old at the time of her death and stood 5'2" tall. While there's no information about how the couple ended up in the same grave, the International Journal of Osteoarchaeology suggests the wife may have sacrificed herself to be buried with her dead husband, but other scenarios were also possible. Also read | 'Miniature Pompeii': Ancient Roman building found in abandoned cinema hall in Italy According to the researchers, an example of human emotion in burial, this grave is a rare opportunity to see how northern Chinese people viewed love, life, death, and beyond during times of cultural flux and ethnic exchange. The paper's abstract as published on researchgate website says that "this funerary practice might have been influenced by the customs from the Western Regions and beyond through the Silk Roads and the sinicization and assimilation of the Xianbei people." The cemetery contained approximately 600 graves from Xianbei. Additionally, ceramics were also discovered in the cemetery.

'Eternal love locked in an embrace': 1,500-year-old remains of a Chinese couple discovered

An international team of archaeologists announced Wednesday that they had uncovered the oldest&nbsp;Stone Age&nbsp;hand-axe manufacturing site in North Africa.

Discovered in Morocco the site, dates back 1.3 million years.

Researchers on the team told journalists in Rabat that the find pushes back in time the start of the Acheulian stone tool industry associated with human ancestor Homo erectus by hundreds of thousands of years.

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/india-news/archeological-survey-of-india-unearths-1100-year-old-shiv-linga-in-vietnam-jaishankar-calls-it-civilisational-connect-301452">Archeological Survey of India unearths 1100-year-old Shiv linga in Vietnam; Jaishankar calls it 'civilisational connect'</a>

In the outskirts of Casablanca, Morocco's economic capital, this site was discovered during excavations at a quarry.

Abderrahim Mohib, co-director of the Franco-Moroccan "Prehistory of Casablanca" programme, said the new discovery "contributes to enriching the debate on the emergence of the Acheulian in Africa."

According to Mohib, the Casablanca site has been investigated for decades and has yielded one of the richest assemblages of Acheulians in Africa.

"It is very important because we are talking about prehistoric time, a complex period for which little data exists."

Mahib said the study was also able to establish the "earliest human presence in Morocco" which was made up of "variants of Homo erectus".

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/study-finds-coelacanth-a-human-sized-dinosaur-era-fish-can-live-for-100-years-392445">Study finds Coelacanth, a human-sized Dinosaur era fish can live for 100 years</a>

Creating tools according to the shape one wants, as shown in the latest find, was a "very important technological advance," he said.

In the past, the Acheulian stone tool industry was regarded as an ancient presence in Morocco dating back 700,000 years.

In 1969, the site of Thomas Quarry I became famous when half a human jaw or mandible was found in a cave there. Now, new finds mean the Acheulian was nearly twice as old as first thought.

The finding is based on a study of stone tools excavated from the site that the 17-member discovery team, comprised of Moroccan, French and Italian researchers.

The news was called a 'chronological rebound' by Moroccan archaeologist Abdelouahed Ben Ncer.

<div class="videoWrapper trancodeVideo"><iframe allowfullscreen="" autoplay="1" class="includeVideo" frameborder="0" height="350" src="https://www.wionews.com/videos/egypt-archaeologists-unearth-3000-year-old-coffins-in-latest-discovery-357467/embed" style="width:100%;max-width:560px;" width="560"></iframe></div>

He said the beginning of the Acheulian in Morocco is now close to the South and East African start dates of 1.6 million and 1.8 million years ago respectively.

French Foreign Ministry, Paul-Valery Montpellier 3 University, and the Moroccan Institute of Archaeology (INSAP) collaborated to develop the "Prehistory of Casablanca" programme.

The project also involved French and Italian laboratories.

Palaeolithic age begins more than three million years ago and ends more than 12,000 years ago, making it the longest period of prehistory.

(With inputs from agencies)

An international team of archaeologists announced Wednesday that they had uncovered the oldest Stone Age hand-axe manufacturing site in North Africa. Discovered in Morocco the site, dates back 1.

An international team of archaeologists announced Wednesday that they had uncovered the oldest Stone Age hand-axe manufacturing site in North Africa. Discovered in Morocco the site, dates back 1.3 million years. Researchers on the team told journalists in Rabat that the find pushes back in time the start of the Acheulian stone tool industry associated with human ancestor Homo erectus by hundreds of thousands of years. Also read | Archeological Survey of India unearths 1100-year-old Shiv linga in Vietnam; Jaishankar calls it 'civilisational connect' In the outskirts of Casablanca, Morocco's economic capital, this site was discovered during excavations at a quarry. Abderrahim Mohib, co-director of the Franco-Moroccan "Prehistory of Casablanca" programme, said the new discovery "contributes to enriching the debate on the emergence of the Acheulian in Africa." According to Mohib, the Casablanca site has been investigated for decades and has yielded one of the richest assemblages of Acheulians in Africa. "It is very important because we are talking about prehistoric time, a complex period for which little data exists." Mahib said the study was also able to establish the "earliest human presence in Morocco" which was made up of "variants of Homo erectus". Also read | Study finds Coelacanth, a human-sized Dinosaur era fish can live for 100 years Creating tools according to the shape one wants, as shown in the latest find, was a "very important technological advance," he said. In the past, the Acheulian stone tool industry was regarded as an ancient presence in Morocco dating back 700,000 years. In 1969, the site of Thomas Quarry I became famous when half a human jaw or mandible was found in a cave there. Now, new finds mean the Acheulian was nearly twice as old as first thought. The finding is based on a study of stone tools excavated from the site that the 17-member discovery team, comprised of Moroccan, French and Italian researchers. The news was called a 'chronological rebound' by Moroccan archaeologist Abdelouahed Ben Ncer. He said the beginning of the Acheulian in Morocco is now close to the South and East African start dates of 1.6 million and 1.8 million years ago respectively. French Foreign Ministry, Paul-Valery Montpellier 3 University, and the Moroccan Institute of Archaeology (INSAP) collaborated to develop the "Prehistory of Casablanca" programme. The project also involved French and Italian laboratories. Palaeolithic age begins more than three million years ago and ends more than 12,000 years ago, making it the longest period of prehistory. (With inputs from agencies)

Scientists in Morocco unearth oldest Stone Age hand-axe manufacturing site in North Africa

Archaeologists in Egypt have announced the discovery of 59 well-preserved and sealed wooden coffins that were buried more than 2,500 years ago.

Egypt unveils 59 archaeologists unearth well preserved ancient coffins