China's air quality improved substantially last year, the environment ministry said Monday, following a government crackdown on pollution and a weakening economy.

Thick smog clouds have plagued China's cities for years and represent the dark side of rapid development that has lifted hundreds of millions out of poverty.

The country's economic miracle has rested firmly on the output of goods like steel, coal and cement, the production of which are all heavily polluting.

But last year the average level of microscopic airborne PM2.5 particles -- which penetrate deep into the lungs -- in 338 cities stood at 39 micrograms per cubic metre last year, a 9.3 per cent year-on-year fall, according to a ministry report.

It was an even greater improvement in air quality than 2017, which saw the average concentration of PM2.5 particles fall 6.5 percent from a year earlier, the report said.

Ecology and environment ministry chief Li Ganjie said Beijing would maintain its commitment to fight pollution, even as the country faces an economic slowdown.&nbsp;

"We resolutely oppose relaxing or being more lenient with environmental supervision and regulation," he said at a press conference on the sidelines of China's annual parliamentary meeting.

We cannot "sacrifice the environment in exchange for economic growth," he added.

China's economy grew at its slowest pace in almost three decades last year, with 6.4 per cent annualised growth in the last three months of 2018.

But Beijing has been forced to balance its concern over an economic slowdown with fears of a public backlash over environmental pollution.

Government authorities also ramped up enforcement of environmental regulations last year, levying a total of 15.28 billion yuan ($2.27 billion) in administrative penalties, a year-on-year boost of 32 per cent, according to the ministry's report.

China's air quality improved substantially last year, the environment ministry said Monday, following a government crackdown on pollution and a weakening economy.

China's air quality improved substantially last year, the environment ministry said Monday, following a government crackdown on pollution and a weakening economy. Thick smog clouds have plagued China's cities for years and represent the dark side of rapid development that has lifted hundreds of millions out of poverty. The country's economic miracle has rested firmly on the output of goods like steel, coal and cement, the production of which are all heavily polluting. But last year the average level of microscopic airborne PM2.5 particles -- which penetrate deep into the lungs -- in 338 cities stood at 39 micrograms per cubic metre last year, a 9.3 per cent year-on-year fall, according to a ministry report. It was an even greater improvement in air quality than 2017, which saw the average concentration of PM2.5 particles fall 6.5 percent from a year earlier, the report said. Ecology and environment ministry chief Li Ganjie said Beijing would maintain its commitment to fight pollution, even as the country faces an economic slowdown. "We resolutely oppose relaxing or being more lenient with environmental supervision and regulation," he said at a press conference on the sidelines of China's annual parliamentary meeting. We cannot "sacrifice the environment in exchange for economic growth," he added. China's economy grew at its slowest pace in almost three decades last year, with 6.4 per cent annualised growth in the last three months of 2018. But Beijing has been forced to balance its concern over an economic slowdown with fears of a public backlash over environmental pollution. Government authorities also ramped up enforcement of environmental regulations last year, levying a total of 15.28 billion yuan ($2.27 billion) in administrative penalties, a year-on-year boost of 32 per cent, according to the ministry's report.

China says air pollution dropped in 2018

Of world's 25 most polluted cities, 20 are Indian

China's capital city Beijing has pledged to improve air quality this year but did not commit to a specific target, suggesting the country's air-pollution campaign is stalling as the easily attainable measures have already been taken.

"Beijing will keep improving air quality, with average annual concentrations of small particles (PM2.5) and three-year rolling average PM2.5 level continuing to be lowered," said Beijing Municipal Government in a statement on Wednesday.

Average concentrations of PM2.5, or particulate matter that measures 2.5 microns, in 2018 fell 12.1 per cent from 2017 to 51 micrograms per cubic metre, as a result of its stringent push to trim coal consumption and to clear out polluting plants.

However, Beijing's 2018 PM2.5 levels were still much higher than China's average of 39 micrograms per cubic metre and national target of 35 micrograms per cubic metre.

PM2.5 is a closely monitored air pollutant because its small size allows the particles to lodge deep in the lungs.

The World Health Organization recommends an air quality standard for PM2.5 of no more than 10 micrograms per cubic metre.

The Beijing government said it will target emissions from vehicles, the biggest PM2.5 source in the city, construction sites and manufacturing plants in 2019.

However, the Ministry of Ecology and Environment (MEE) warned in a news briefing last month that "emission cuts in Beijing itself will be not enough to support a large scale of PM2.5 cuts".

The ministry reckons Beijing will also need to reduce external impacts from other regions, in particular from the coal-mining hub of Shanxi and Shaanxi provinces.

"In a word, Beijing's target this year is to maintain current (anti-smog) achievements...Public should be prepared to see a rising PM2.5 reading if there is adverse weather condition," Liu Bingjiang, the head of the atmospheric environment department at the MEE, said at the briefing.

Average PM2.5 level in Beijing was 52 micrograms per cubic metre in January, up 52.9 per cent from a year ago, according to the MEE data.

The city also aims to improve its water quality and tackle soil pollution in 2019 by improving the efficiency of fertiliser usage in rural area and tightening heavy-metal disposal standards, according to the government statement.

China's capital city Beijing has pledged to improve air quality this year but did not commit to a specific target, suggesting the country's air-pollution campaign is stalling as the easily attainable measures have already been taken.

China's capital city Beijing has pledged to improve air quality this year but did not commit to a specific target, suggesting the country's air-pollution campaign is stalling as the easily attainable measures have already been taken. "Beijing will keep improving air quality, with average annual concentrations of small particles (PM2.5) and three-year rolling average PM2.5 level continuing to be lowered," said Beijing Municipal Government in a statement on Wednesday. Average concentrations of PM2.5, or particulate matter that measures 2.5 microns, in 2018 fell 12.1 per cent from 2017 to 51 micrograms per cubic metre, as a result of its stringent push to trim coal consumption and to clear out polluting plants. However, Beijing's 2018 PM2.5 levels were still much higher than China's average of 39 micrograms per cubic metre and national target of 35 micrograms per cubic metre. PM2.5 is a closely monitored air pollutant because its small size allows the particles to lodge deep in the lungs. The World Health Organization recommends an air quality standard for PM2.5 of no more than 10 micrograms per cubic metre. The Beijing government said it will target emissions from vehicles, the biggest PM2.5 source in the city, construction sites and manufacturing plants in 2019. However, the Ministry of Ecology and Environment (MEE) warned in a news briefing last month that "emission cuts in Beijing itself will be not enough to support a large scale of PM2.5 cuts". The ministry reckons Beijing will also need to reduce external impacts from other regions, in particular from the coal-mining hub of Shanxi and Shaanxi provinces. "In a word, Beijing's target this year is to maintain current (anti-smog) achievements...Public should be prepared to see a rising PM2.5 reading if there is adverse weather condition," Liu Bingjiang, the head of the atmospheric environment department at the MEE, said at the briefing. Average PM2.5 level in Beijing was 52 micrograms per cubic metre in January, up 52.9 per cent from a year ago, according to the MEE data. The city also aims to improve its water quality and tackle soil pollution in 2019 by improving the efficiency of fertiliser usage in rural area and tightening heavy-metal disposal standards, according to the government statement.

China's capital Beijing vows air quality improvement but gives no target

Union Minister, Piyush Goyal, in the Interim Budget made a slew of promises and announcements for the environmental sector.&nbsp;

However, most environmental issues — pollution-free nation, cleaning rivers, protecting the coastline, self-sufficiency in food and good health infrastructure — found only a mention in the ‘Vision For The Next Decade’ section of his speech.&nbsp;

The only silver lining in the Interim Budget was an increased outlay for the National Commission for Green India from Rs 240 crore, and a thumping pat on his own back when Goyal said “India provided leadership to the global climate change effort. Our commitment to promote renewable energy is reflected in our initiative to set up the International Solar Alliance”.&nbsp;

None of these had any tangible targets or a perceptible action plan, especially when one talks about a young India with a population with an average age of less than 25.&nbsp;

Unfortunately, at Rs 100 crore, the 2019-20 allocation remained the same as last year for the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB), the central pollution watchdog, while the Centre decreased the allocation for pollution abatement by 50 per cent from Rs 20 crore last year to Rs 10 crore for 2019-20.&nbsp;

In this context, it would be apt to understand the challenges and opportunities of the air pollution crisis for a new generation born into smoking ‘cigarettes’ from their very first breath. They are being subjected to inhale polluted air, a disturbing legacy of urban growth passed on to them. Not a great life to long for.&nbsp;

Children constitute over one-third of the population. The way they handle toxins places them at far greater risk than the adult population and sadly, the younger they are, the greater the risk. They are also closer to the ground, so at greater risk to suspended low-hanging pollutants.&nbsp;

In fact, this risk begins even before birth with studies demonstrating how air pollution exposure to the mother results in numerous adverse outcomes for the unborn child, including low birth weight and in acute cases, even still-births.&nbsp;

While the number of years each child is losing due to air pollution is still being debated, it would be highly unlikely and unrealistic to expect that our smog-filled environs is actually extending lives.

The World Health Organization (WHO) recently released a report on the impact of air pollution on child health, following a global warning by UNICEF a few months earlier. In terms of health effects, a number of different conditions were highlighted besides asthma and pneumonia, but including autism, childhood cancer and obesity.

While respiratory related conditions have been fairly well researched in the Indian context, there is a paucity of evidence for other outcomes.&nbsp;

However, the absence of evidence does not in any way amount to the evidence of absence. As research for these conditions takes place in the Indian context, we will certainly see similar results, although the relative risk may differ.

The impact of air pollution for children goes beyond health. With mounting global evidence indicating that air pollution has deleterious effects on the brain, including cognition and learning, the impact on education in India hasn’t even been considered so far. &nbsp;

A US study, for example, has shown that when students taking standardised tests are separated into two groups, one where air quality is better and one where it is worse, the ones where air quality is better are significantly in an advantageous position. &nbsp;&nbsp;

Already, with the sort of air pollution levels seen in India, especially in cities like Delhi, and the other growing so-called ‘smart-cities’ marked by WHO for their pathetic pollution levels, many schools have stopped outdoor physical activity for children, a component, which is important for the growth of any child. In addition, there is always the ‘sword of Damocles’ hanging over school authorities to shut down schools.

However, in this gloom, today’s youngsters will certainly make the lotus bloom. They are now at the forefront of innovation, which was unthinkable ten years ago. Amply demonstrated by creating a sensor for traffic congestion or an app for personal monitoring of pollution, they are now becoming effective champions of change through innovation, apart from propagating the conventional ideas of using public transport or car pools, planting trees or simply by wearing a mask when they step outside in the very poor air quality.&nbsp;

Children can be harbingers of change, but ultimately at a societal level, adults have to take responsibility and ensure radical changes in emission reduction. After all, children are the most innocent victims of a world they did not create. Let’s give them a long life along with a world that is worth longing for.&nbsp;

To sum up, one does hope that the new government, after the general polls this year, does not create a situation where the environment is defeated by development.

Or else, we will have to take the words of a famous environmentalist seriously: “The cost of our society’s success is energy crises, climate change, pollution, and the destruction of our habitat. If we continue in the same direction, there will be nothing left for our children.”

(This article was originally published on The DNA. Read the <a href="https://www.dnaindia.com/analysis/column-environment-gets-short-shrift-2719261">original article</a>)

(Disclaimer: The opinions expressed above are the personal views of the author and do not reflect the views of ZMCL.)

Union Minister, Piyush Goyal, in the Interim Budget made a slew of promises and announcements for the environmental sector. However, most environmental issues — pollution-free nation, cleaning rivers, protecting the coastline, self-sufficiency in food and good health infrastructure — found only a mention in the ‘Vision For The Next Decade’ section of his speech.

Union Minister, Piyush Goyal, in the Interim Budget made a slew of promises and announcements for the environmental sector. However, most environmental issues — pollution-free nation, cleaning rivers, protecting the coastline, self-sufficiency in food and good health infrastructure — found only a mention in the ‘Vision For The Next Decade’ section of his speech. The only silver lining in the Interim Budget was an increased outlay for the National Commission for Green India from Rs 240 crore, and a thumping pat on his own back when Goyal said “India provided leadership to the global climate change effort. Our commitment to promote renewable energy is reflected in our initiative to set up the International Solar Alliance”. None of these had any tangible targets or a perceptible action plan, especially when one talks about a young India with a population with an average age of less than 25. Unfortunately, at Rs 100 crore, the 2019-20 allocation remained the same as last year for the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB), the central pollution watchdog, while the Centre decreased the allocation for pollution abatement by 50 per cent from Rs 20 crore last year to Rs 10 crore for 2019-20. In this context, it would be apt to understand the challenges and opportunities of the air pollution crisis for a new generation born into smoking ‘cigarettes’ from their very first breath. They are being subjected to inhale polluted air, a disturbing legacy of urban growth passed on to them. Not a great life to long for. Children constitute over one-third of the population. The way they handle toxins places them at far greater risk than the adult population and sadly, the younger they are, the greater the risk. They are also closer to the ground, so at greater risk to suspended low-hanging pollutants. In fact, this risk begins even before birth with studies demonstrating how air pollution exposure to the mother results in numerous adverse outcomes for the unborn child, including low birth weight and in acute cases, even still-births. While the number of years each child is losing due to air pollution is still being debated, it would be highly unlikely and unrealistic to expect that our smog-filled environs is actually extending lives. The World Health Organization (WHO) recently released a report on the impact of air pollution on child health, following a global warning by UNICEF a few months earlier. In terms of health effects, a number of different conditions were highlighted besides asthma and pneumonia, but including autism, childhood cancer and obesity. While respiratory related conditions have been fairly well researched in the Indian context, there is a paucity of evidence for other outcomes. However, the absence of evidence does not in any way amount to the evidence of absence. As research for these conditions takes place in the Indian context, we will certainly see similar results, although the relative risk may differ. The impact of air pollution for children goes beyond health. With mounting global evidence indicating that air pollution has deleterious effects on the brain, including cognition and learning, the impact on education in India hasn’t even been considered so far. A US study, for example, has shown that when students taking standardised tests are separated into two groups, one where air quality is better and one where it is worse, the ones where air quality is better are significantly in an advantageous position. Already, with the sort of air pollution levels seen in India, especially in cities like Delhi, and the other growing so-called ‘smart-cities’ marked by WHO for their pathetic pollution levels, many schools have stopped outdoor physical activity for children, a component, which is important for the growth of any child. In addition, there is always the ‘sword of Damocles’ hanging over school authorities to shut down schools. However, in this gloom, today’s youngsters will certainly make the lotus bloom. They are now at the forefront of innovation, which was unthinkable ten years ago. Amply demonstrated by creating a sensor for traffic congestion or an app for personal monitoring of pollution, they are now becoming effective champions of change through innovation, apart from propagating the conventional ideas of using public transport or car pools, planting trees or simply by wearing a mask when they step outside in the very poor air quality. Children can be harbingers of change, but ultimately at a societal level, adults have to take responsibility and ensure radical changes in emission reduction. After all, children are the most innocent victims of a world they did not create. Let’s give them a long life along with a world that is worth longing for. To sum up, one does hope that the new government, after the general polls this year, does not create a situation where the environment is defeated by development. Or else, we will have to take the words of a famous environmentalist seriously: “The cost of our society’s success is energy crises, climate change, pollution, and the destruction of our habitat. If we continue in the same direction, there will be nothing left for our children.” (This article was originally published on The DNA. Read the original article) (Disclaimer: The opinions expressed above are the personal views of the author and do not reflect the views of ZMCL.)

Environment gets short shrift

Delhi woke up to thick fog and chilly winds with maximum and minimum temperatures hovering at 22 Degree Celsius and 7 Degree Celsius, respectively.&nbsp;

According to the Indian Railways, as many as 17 trains were rescheduled after getting delayed by at least two hours owing to poor visibility.&nbsp;

Jaynagar- New Delhi S. Sainani Express, Indore New Delhi Express, and Poorvottar Sampark Kranti Express were delayed by 3 hours, 4 hours and 1 hour, respectively.In addition to the biting cold, poor air quality is also adding to the woes of commoners in Delhi.

Air Quality Index (AQI) at Mathura Road was docking at in the morning with Particulate Matter (PM) 2.5.&nbsp;

At Dhirpur, the AQI was 242 while in Pitampura area it dipped to 'very poor' category at 304.

Furthermore, AQI near Pusa Road, Airport Terminal 3 and Chandni Chowk stood at 204, 313 and 316, respectively.

The AQI between the range of 51 to 100 is considered as satisfactory, 101-200 is moderate, 201-300 falls under the category of poor. 300-400 is considered as `very poor` and range between 401-500 falls under the category as 'hazardous'.

People have been advised to avoid prolonged or heavy exertion.

"Go for a short walk instead of a jog and take more breaks. Stop any activity level if you experience any unusual coughing, chest discomfort, wheezing, breathing difficulty, or fatigue. If the room has windows, close them. If the air conditioner provides a fresh air intake option, keep that closed. Avoid burning of wood, candles or incense. Keep the room clean – don’t vacuum. Do wet mopping to reduce dust," read an advisory issued by the Centre.&nbsp;

Delhi woke up to thick fog and chilly winds with maximum and minimum temperatures hovering at 22 Degree Celsius and 7 Degree Celsius, respectively. According to the Indian Railways, as many as 17 trains were rescheduled after getting delayed by at least two hours owing to poor visibility.

Delhi woke up to thick fog and chilly winds with maximum and minimum temperatures hovering at 22 Degree Celsius and 7 Degree Celsius, respectively. According to the Indian Railways, as many as 17 trains were rescheduled after getting delayed by at least two hours owing to poor visibility. Jaynagar- New Delhi S. Sainani Express, Indore New Delhi Express, and Poorvottar Sampark Kranti Express were delayed by 3 hours, 4 hours and 1 hour, respectively.In addition to the biting cold, poor air quality is also adding to the woes of commoners in Delhi. Air Quality Index (AQI) at Mathura Road was docking at in the morning with Particulate Matter (PM) 2.5. At Dhirpur, the AQI was 242 while in Pitampura area it dipped to 'very poor' category at 304. Furthermore, AQI near Pusa Road, Airport Terminal 3 and Chandni Chowk stood at 204, 313 and 316, respectively. The AQI between the range of 51 to 100 is considered as satisfactory, 101-200 is moderate, 201-300 falls under the category of poor. 300-400 is considered as `very poor` and range between 401-500 falls under the category as 'hazardous'. People have been advised to avoid prolonged or heavy exertion. "Go for a short walk instead of a jog and take more breaks. Stop any activity level if you experience any unusual coughing, chest discomfort, wheezing, breathing difficulty, or fatigue. If the room has windows, close them. If the air conditioner provides a fresh air intake option, keep that closed. Avoid burning of wood, candles or incense. Keep the room clean – don’t vacuum. Do wet mopping to reduce dust," read an advisory issued by the Centre.

Cold wave grips Delhi, air quality plummets to 'poor'

An attempt by South Korea to create artificial rain to tackle <a href="http://www.wionews.com/india-news/cpcb-mulling-using-artificial-rain-in-delhi-to-tackle-pollution-after-diwali-175908">air pollution</a> much blame on neighbouring China has failed, the government said Monday, as it struggles to address what has become an urgent public concern.

Many South Koreans blamed China when pollution surged for three days earlier this month, and on Friday the Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA) sent an aircraft to seed clouds with silver iodide in the hope of promoting rain.

The intention was for the rain to douse airborne particles and pollutants known as "fine dust" in South Korea.&nbsp;

However, an initial analysis of the experiment has been disappointing, KMA said in a preliminary report issued Monday.

While a weak, misty rain was detected for several minutes, the agency said, "there was no observation of significant precipitation".

"Aside from its success or failure, the test was an opportunity to accumulate the necessary technology for faster commercialisation of cloud seeding," it added.

A full report is expected to be released later next month.

Air quality in South Korea is generally better than in China, which is more frequently affected by choking bouts of filthy air.

South Korean President Moon Jae-in last week advised his officials to handle the issue as a "natural disaster" as he urged cooperation with Beijing, addressing "great public concerns about fine dust coming from China".

Beijing is also trying to tackle the scourge, which causes widespread public anger, and a recent study found urban levels of PM2.5 — the tiny airborne particles considered most harmful to health — had been cut by almost a third on average over four years.

But they remain far above World Health Organization norms, and pollution levels in Korea sometimes spike as the prevailing winds blow PM2.5 particulates across the sea between the two countries.

China, which according to the International Energy Agency uses coal to generate around three quarters of its energy, is regarded as the world's biggest polluter.

Last year, South Korea shut down five ageing coal-fired power plants in air quality.

An attempt by South Korea to create artificial rain to tackle air pollution much blame on neighbouring China has failed, the government said Monday, as it struggles to address what has become an urgent public concern.

An attempt by South Korea to create artificial rain to tackle air pollution much blame on neighbouring China has failed, the government said Monday, as it struggles to address what has become an urgent public concern. Many South Koreans blamed China when pollution surged for three days earlier this month, and on Friday the Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA) sent an aircraft to seed clouds with silver iodide in the hope of promoting rain. The intention was for the rain to douse airborne particles and pollutants known as "fine dust" in South Korea. However, an initial analysis of the experiment has been disappointing, KMA said in a preliminary report issued Monday. While a weak, misty rain was detected for several minutes, the agency said, "there was no observation of significant precipitation". "Aside from its success or failure, the test was an opportunity to accumulate the necessary technology for faster commercialisation of cloud seeding," it added. A full report is expected to be released later next month. Air quality in South Korea is generally better than in China, which is more frequently affected by choking bouts of filthy air. South Korean President Moon Jae-in last week advised his officials to handle the issue as a "natural disaster" as he urged cooperation with Beijing, addressing "great public concerns about fine dust coming from China". Beijing is also trying to tackle the scourge, which causes widespread public anger, and a recent study found urban levels of PM2.5 — the tiny airborne particles considered most harmful to health — had been cut by almost a third on average over four years. But they remain far above World Health Organization norms, and pollution levels in Korea sometimes spike as the prevailing winds blow PM2.5 particulates across the sea between the two countries. China, which according to the International Energy Agency uses coal to generate around three quarters of its energy, is regarded as the world's biggest polluter. Last year, South Korea shut down five ageing coal-fired power plants in air quality.

South Korea makes first attempt at fighting 'Chinese' pollution, fails

<a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=http://www.wionews.com/world/two-koreas-connect-dmz-road-across-border-seoul-178776&amp;sa=U&amp;ved=0ahUKEwjg_NndpojgAhVKrI8KHaCrAfwQFggFMAA&amp;client=internal-uds-cse&amp;cx=006054055338965708568:09spwrlibei&amp;usg=AOvVaw3mtwVWlnzcVce4alaYPBWj">Seoul</a> on Friday sent aircraft over the Yellow Sea to carry out cloud-seeding experiments in an effort to tackle<a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=http://www.wionews.com/world/in-china-air-pollution-is-driving-happiness-levels-down-191887&amp;sa=U&amp;ved=0ahUKEwiTr_7vpojgAhWab30KHecgDjwQFggFMAA&amp;client=internal-uds-cse&amp;cx=006054055338965708568:09spwrlibei&amp;usg=AOvVaw04v-EfX_rqmAHHhxeYjKJC"> air pollution </a>many South Koreans blame on China.

Air quality in South Korea is generally better than in its giant neighbour, the world's biggest polluter, which is periodically affected by choking bouts of filthy air and according to the International Energy Agency uses coal to generate around three-quarters of its energy.

Beijing has been seeking to tackle the scourge, which causes widespread public anger, and a recent study found urban levels of PM2.5 — the tiny airborne particles considered most harmful to health — had been cut by almost a third on average over four years.

But they remain far above World Health Organization norms, and pollution levels in Korea sometimes spike as the prevailing winds blow PM2.5 particulates — referred to as "fine dust" in the South — across the sea between the two countries.

Many South Koreans accused China when pollution surged for three days earlier this month, and on Friday the Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA) sent an aircraft to disperse silver iodide, a compound believed to cause rain to fall, over the waters, known as the West Sea in Korea.

"The experiment is to see whether the technology works and is effective in washing away fine dust," a spokeswoman told AFP, adding it was the first of 15 such tests planned for this year.

She said Seoul had "no evidence that fine dust on the West Sea is entirely from China".

Last year, South Korea shut down five ageing coal-fired power plants in a bid to improve its air quality.

But ruling party lawmaker Shin Ching-Hyun pointed out that when pollution levels rose two weeks ago, they were highest on Baengnyeongdo island, 200 kilometres west of Seoul and the closest South Korean land to China.

"China's claim — that it is not entirely to blame for South Korea's air pollution problem — violates the rights of South Koreans to a healthy environment," he said in a statement.

Earlier this month, Thailand also deployed rain-making planes to try to combat its own air pollution.

Seoul on Friday sent aircraft over the Yellow Sea to carry out cloud-seeding experiments in an effort to tackle air pollution many South Koreans blame on China. Air quality in South Korea is generally better than in its giant neighbour, the world's biggest polluter, which is periodically affected by choking bouts of filthy air and according to the International Energy Agency uses coal to generate around three-quarters of its energy.

Seoul on Friday sent aircraft over the Yellow Sea to carry out cloud-seeding experiments in an effort to tackle air pollution many South Koreans blame on China. Air quality in South Korea is generally better than in its giant neighbour, the world's biggest polluter, which is periodically affected by choking bouts of filthy air and according to the International Energy Agency uses coal to generate around three-quarters of its energy. Beijing has been seeking to tackle the scourge, which causes widespread public anger, and a recent study found urban levels of PM2.5 — the tiny airborne particles considered most harmful to health — had been cut by almost a third on average over four years. But they remain far above World Health Organization norms, and pollution levels in Korea sometimes spike as the prevailing winds blow PM2.5 particulates — referred to as "fine dust" in the South — across the sea between the two countries. Many South Koreans accused China when pollution surged for three days earlier this month, and on Friday the Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA) sent an aircraft to disperse silver iodide, a compound believed to cause rain to fall, over the waters, known as the West Sea in Korea. "The experiment is to see whether the technology works and is effective in washing away fine dust," a spokeswoman told AFP, adding it was the first of 15 such tests planned for this year. She said Seoul had "no evidence that fine dust on the West Sea is entirely from China". Last year, South Korea shut down five ageing coal-fired power plants in a bid to improve its air quality. But ruling party lawmaker Shin Ching-Hyun pointed out that when pollution levels rose two weeks ago, they were highest on Baengnyeongdo island, 200 kilometres west of Seoul and the closest South Korean land to China. "China's claim — that it is not entirely to blame for South Korea's air pollution problem — violates the rights of South Koreans to a healthy environment," he said in a statement. Earlier this month, Thailand also deployed rain-making planes to try to combat its own air pollution.

South Korea in airborne fight against 'Chinese' pollution

The torrential downpour witnessed in Delhi has brought the much-needed respite from toxic air, as air quality improved sharply for the first time in the New Year.

The overall Air Quality Index (AQI) of the national capital was docking at 85 in the morning, ranging in the 'satisfactory' category, for the first time in a span of four months, after a long period of oscillation between 'poor' and 'hazardous' categories.

The minimum and maximum temperature in Delhi will hover around 10 degrees Celsius and 19 degrees Celsius, respectively.

Moderate fog will prevail throughout the region with wind speed 10 kilometres per hour and humidity 96 per cent.

Due to foggy weather, as many as 21 trains were rescheduled after getting delayed for at least by 2 hrs.

Ranchi-new Delhi Garib rath, Islampur-New Delhi -Magadh Express, Vaishali Express were delayed by 2:30 hours each.

Puri-New Delhi Purushottam Express, Darbhanga Delhi Bihar S Kranti, Howrah-New Delhi- Poorva and Azamgarh-Delhi Kaifiyat Express were delayed by 6 hours, 4 hours, 3:30 hours and 2:30 hours, respectively.

The region witnessed a spike in pollution levels during the winter when weather conditions lead to the trapping of pollutants near the surface, and crop residue burning adds to the menace.

According to Mahesh Palawat, VP-Meteorology, Skymet Weather, "Widespread rains were not limited to Delhi but to entire northwestern plains. Thus, pollutants have settled down all over the places. Thus, any immediate spike in air pollution is not likely. With these rains moderate in nature, they would not let pollutants settle down. Also, we are not expecting any weather system in quick succession that could change the wind pattern. For the next couple of days, air quality would continue to juggle between 'satisfactory' and 'moderate' pollution levels. Although rains would fade away in the next 48 hours, the national capital region (NCR) will witness northwesterly winds thereafter."

The torrential downpour witnessed in Delhi has brought the much-needed respite from toxic air, as air quality improved sharply for the first time in the New Year.

The torrential downpour witnessed in Delhi has brought the much-needed respite from toxic air, as air quality improved sharply for the first time in the New Year. The overall Air Quality Index (AQI) of the national capital was docking at 85 in the morning, ranging in the 'satisfactory' category, for the first time in a span of four months, after a long period of oscillation between 'poor' and 'hazardous' categories. The minimum and maximum temperature in Delhi will hover around 10 degrees Celsius and 19 degrees Celsius, respectively. Moderate fog will prevail throughout the region with wind speed 10 kilometres per hour and humidity 96 per cent. Due to foggy weather, as many as 21 trains were rescheduled after getting delayed for at least by 2 hrs. Ranchi-new Delhi Garib rath, Islampur-New Delhi -Magadh Express, Vaishali Express were delayed by 2:30 hours each. Puri-New Delhi Purushottam Express, Darbhanga Delhi Bihar S Kranti, Howrah-New Delhi- Poorva and Azamgarh-Delhi Kaifiyat Express were delayed by 6 hours, 4 hours, 3:30 hours and 2:30 hours, respectively. The region witnessed a spike in pollution levels during the winter when weather conditions lead to the trapping of pollutants near the surface, and crop residue burning adds to the menace. According to Mahesh Palawat, VP-Meteorology, Skymet Weather, "Widespread rains were not limited to Delhi but to entire northwestern plains. Thus, pollutants have settled down all over the places. Thus, any immediate spike in air pollution is not likely. With these rains moderate in nature, they would not let pollutants settle down. Also, we are not expecting any weather system in quick succession that could change the wind pattern. For the next couple of days, air quality would continue to juggle between 'satisfactory' and 'moderate' pollution levels. Although rains would fade away in the next 48 hours, the national capital region (NCR) will witness northwesterly winds thereafter."

Delhi's air quality 'satisfactory' for first time in 2019

Eye-watering, throat-scratching air pollution is a major driver of big city blues in China, according to a study published Monday that matched social network chatter with fine-particle pollution levels.&nbsp;

"The take-away is simple," lead author Siqi Zheng, an associate professor at MIT and director of the University's China Future City Lab, told AFP.

"Higher levels of air pollution lower people's happiness in the world's most populous country."

Dirty air is not the only blight on life in urban China, which is also plagued by soaring housing prices, worries over food safety, and poor public services. &nbsp;

But health-wreaking pollution -- especially microscopic bits from coal-fired power plants and factories that settle in the lungs -- is a long-standing gripe of the country's burgeoning middle class.

More than a million premature deaths every year in China can be chalked up to air pollution, the World Health Organization and other research groups have concluded.

Also read:&nbsp;<a href="http://www.wionews.com/world/world-on-course-to-miss-its-best-chance-of-preventing-runaway-climate-change-study-191884">World is going to miss its 'best chance' of preventing runaway climate change</a>

A toxic cocktail of small and larger particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulphur dioxide (SO2) and ozone (O3) is likewise linked to poor cognitive performance, labour productivity and educational outcomes.

On polluted days, people are also more likely to engage in impulsive and risky behaviour they may later regret, observational studies have shown.

Awareness of the problem and its consequences is very high among China's city dwellers, a fact not lost on the government.

After an embarrassing episode in 2012 when daily pollution levels published on Twitter by the US embassy in Beijing were consistently higher than official figures for the city, China's leaders declared war on smog-clogged air.

Happiness index 
They set up hundreds of monitoring stations throughout the country, and introduced more stringent standards, especially for small particles less than 2.5 microns (PM2.5) in diameter.

The average human hair is 60-to-90 microns in width.

According to the new rules, the density of these dangerous microscopic particles should not exceeded 35 microgrammes per cubic metre (35 mcg/m3) for any 24-hour period.

WHO Air Quality Guidelines are even more strict, setting the limit at 25 mcg/m3.

China's most heavily polluted cities -- including Beijing and Tianjin, home to more than 35 million -- particle density are often two, three and even four times higher than either standard.

To gauge how urban air pollution affected day-to-day mood, Zheng and colleagues used machine-learning algorithms to comb through more than 200 million messages from 144 cities posted in 2014 on China's largest microblogging site, called Weibo.

As of mid-2018, Weibo, similar to Twitter, had 455 million active users.

The researchers devised an "expressed happiness index" based on key words and context, and then stacked it up against fluctuating PM2.5 pollution levels.&nbsp;

"We found a significant negative correlation" -- when one went up, the other went down -- "between pollution and happiness levels," Zheng said.

"Women were more sensitive to higher pollution levels than men."

Average daily PM2.5 concentration was 55 mcg/m3 across all 144 cities -- more than double the WHO limit -- and several times higher in many.

More than half of China's population -- nearly 700 million people -- now live in urban areas.&nbsp;

Intriguingly, the link was strongest in the very cleanest and dirtiest cities examined.&nbsp;

People very worried about health and air quality tend to move to cleaner cities, the study suggested, while those in the dirtiest urban areas were more aware of damage to their health.

"Our index has the potential to become a tool for government to understand common citizens' daily concerns," Zheng said.

The Chinese government, in fact, has long monitored posts and conversations on social networks to track public opinion.

Since 2013, PM2.5 particle pollution has dropped on average about 40 percent, according to one recent study, but ground-level ozone pollution continues to climb. 
&nbsp;

Eye-watering, throat-scratching air pollution is a major driver of big city blues in China, according to a study published Monday that matched social network chatter with fine-particle pollution levels.

Eye-watering, throat-scratching air pollution is a major driver of big city blues in China, according to a study published Monday that matched social network chatter with fine-particle pollution levels. "The take-away is simple," lead author Siqi Zheng, an associate professor at MIT and director of the University's China Future City Lab, told AFP. "Higher levels of air pollution lower people's happiness in the world's most populous country." Dirty air is not the only blight on life in urban China, which is also plagued by soaring housing prices, worries over food safety, and poor public services. But health-wreaking pollution -- especially microscopic bits from coal-fired power plants and factories that settle in the lungs -- is a long-standing gripe of the country's burgeoning middle class. More than a million premature deaths every year in China can be chalked up to air pollution, the World Health Organization and other research groups have concluded. Also read: World is going to miss its 'best chance' of preventing runaway climate change A toxic cocktail of small and larger particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulphur dioxide (SO2) and ozone (O3) is likewise linked to poor cognitive performance, labour productivity and educational outcomes. On polluted days, people are also more likely to engage in impulsive and risky behaviour they may later regret, observational studies have shown. Awareness of the problem and its consequences is very high among China's city dwellers, a fact not lost on the government. After an embarrassing episode in 2012 when daily pollution levels published on Twitter by the US embassy in Beijing were consistently higher than official figures for the city, China's leaders declared war on smog-clogged air. Happiness index They set up hundreds of monitoring stations throughout the country, and introduced more stringent standards, especially for small particles less than 2.5 microns (PM2.5) in diameter. The average human hair is 60-to-90 microns in width. According to the new rules, the density of these dangerous microscopic particles should not exceeded 35 microgrammes per cubic metre (35 mcg/m3) for any 24-hour period. WHO Air Quality Guidelines are even more strict, setting the limit at 25 mcg/m3. China's most heavily polluted cities -- including Beijing and Tianjin, home to more than 35 million -- particle density are often two, three and even four times higher than either standard. To gauge how urban air pollution affected day-to-day mood, Zheng and colleagues used machine-learning algorithms to comb through more than 200 million messages from 144 cities posted in 2014 on China's largest microblogging site, called Weibo. As of mid-2018, Weibo, similar to Twitter, had 455 million active users. The researchers devised an "expressed happiness index" based on key words and context, and then stacked it up against fluctuating PM2.5 pollution levels. "We found a significant negative correlation" -- when one went up, the other went down -- "between pollution and happiness levels," Zheng said. "Women were more sensitive to higher pollution levels than men." Average daily PM2.5 concentration was 55 mcg/m3 across all 144 cities -- more than double the WHO limit -- and several times higher in many. More than half of China's population -- nearly 700 million people -- now live in urban areas. Intriguingly, the link was strongest in the very cleanest and dirtiest cities examined. People very worried about health and air quality tend to move to cleaner cities, the study suggested, while those in the dirtiest urban areas were more aware of damage to their health. "Our index has the potential to become a tool for government to understand common citizens' daily concerns," Zheng said. The Chinese government, in fact, has long monitored posts and conversations on social networks to track public opinion. Since 2013, PM2.5 particle pollution has dropped on average about 40 percent, according to one recent study, but ground-level ozone pollution continues to climb.

In China, air pollution is driving happiness levels down

Heavy rains drastically reduced the pollution level of the national capital, which recorded the best air quality of this year on Tuesday, authorities said.

According to the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) data, the overall air quality index (AQI) in the city was 133, which falls in the 'moderate' category.

This is the first time this year that an AQI as low as 133 was recorded, the CPCB data showed. In first week of January too, the air quality had improved to 'moderate' category for a brief period of time.

Delhi has been battling hazardous pollution level for the past few months and for the last one month the air quality has been oscillating between 'very poor' and 'severe' category.

An AQI between 100 and 200 comes under 'moderate' category, 201 and 300 is considered 'poor', 301 and 400 'very poor', while that between 401 and 500 is 'severe'.

On Tuesday, two areas recorded 'satisfactory' air quality while 32 areas recorded 'moderate' air quality, the CPCB said.

In the National Capital Region, Noida, Faridabad, Ghaziabad, Gurgaon and Greater Noida recorded 'moderate' air quality, it said.

The overall PM2.5 level -- fine particulate matters in the air with a diameter of less than 2.5 micrometers -- in Delhi was 61, while the PM10 level was 110, it said.

Authorities said the drastic drop in pollution level was due to heavy rain that lashed the Delhi NCR.

Heavy rains drastically reduced the pollution level of the national capital, which recorded the best air quality of this year on Tuesday, authorities said. According to the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) data, the overall air quality index (AQI) in the city was 133, which falls in the 'moderate' category.

Heavy rains drastically reduced the pollution level of the national capital, which recorded the best air quality of this year on Tuesday, authorities said. According to the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) data, the overall air quality index (AQI) in the city was 133, which falls in the 'moderate' category. This is the first time this year that an AQI as low as 133 was recorded, the CPCB data showed. In first week of January too, the air quality had improved to 'moderate' category for a brief period of time. Delhi has been battling hazardous pollution level for the past few months and for the last one month the air quality has been oscillating between 'very poor' and 'severe' category. An AQI between 100 and 200 comes under 'moderate' category, 201 and 300 is considered 'poor', 301 and 400 'very poor', while that between 401 and 500 is 'severe'. On Tuesday, two areas recorded 'satisfactory' air quality while 32 areas recorded 'moderate' air quality, the CPCB said. In the National Capital Region, Noida, Faridabad, Ghaziabad, Gurgaon and Greater Noida recorded 'moderate' air quality, it said. The overall PM2.5 level -- fine particulate matters in the air with a diameter of less than 2.5 micrometers -- in Delhi was 61, while the PM10 level was 110, it said. Authorities said the drastic drop in pollution level was due to heavy rain that lashed the Delhi NCR.

After heavy rain, Delhi's air quality at year's best

Air quality in the national capital nosedived to 'very poor' on Sunday morning and is likely get worse in the next couple of days.

According to System of Air Quality and Weather Forecasting And Research (SAFAR) data, the air quality of Delhi showed levels of prominent pollutants PM (particulate matter) 10 at 369, which is considered as 'very poor'.

An AQI between the range of 51 to 100 is considered as satisfactory, 101-200 is moderate, 201-300 falls under the poor category, whereas 401-500 range is severe.

The organisation has advised the people residing in Delhi to avoid all physical activities outdoors and warned asthmatics to keep relief medicines handy. "Stop any activity level if you experience any usual coughing, chest discomfort, wheezing, breathing difficulty, or fatigue," it added.

In November last year, SAFAR had conducted a study which revealed that 41 per cent of the pollution in Delhi was caused by the transport sector. It had also stated that "after transport, wind-blown dust is the second major contributor with 21.5 per cent followed by Industries at 18.6 per cent."

"The other minor contributors are Power and Residential sectors contributing about 4.9 and 3 per cent respectively. Others contribute about 11 per cent. Residential Sector includes slum, crop Residue, cow dung, a street vendor, household, DG Set, wood burning, etc while other Sector includes MSW Plants, MSW Open Burning, Crematory, Aviation, Incense Stick, Brick Kiln," the state-run body had revealed.

Air quality in Mumbai has gotten worse with the climatic change after hazy conditions covered the regions' skyline yesterday. The AQI is hovering at 259 and is likely to get higher in the next few days.

During winter season each year, most of northern India suffers from a spike in toxicity in the air due to the change in weather patterns and crop residue burning in states such as Haryana, Punjab and Uttar Pradesh.

Not only that, a dip in temperature along with low wind speed also tends to trap air pollutants closer to the ground.

According to System of Air Quality and Weather Forecasting And Research (SAFAR) data, the air quality of Delhi showed levels of prominent pollutants PM (particulate matter) 10 at 369, which is considered as 'very poor'.

Air quality in the national capital nosedived to 'very poor' on Sunday morning and is likely get worse in the next couple of days. According to System of Air Quality and Weather Forecasting And Research (SAFAR) data, the air quality of Delhi showed levels of prominent pollutants PM (particulate matter) 10 at 369, which is considered as 'very poor'. An AQI between the range of 51 to 100 is considered as satisfactory, 101-200 is moderate, 201-300 falls under the poor category, whereas 401-500 range is severe. The organisation has advised the people residing in Delhi to avoid all physical activities outdoors and warned asthmatics to keep relief medicines handy. "Stop any activity level if you experience any usual coughing, chest discomfort, wheezing, breathing difficulty, or fatigue," it added. In November last year, SAFAR had conducted a study which revealed that 41 per cent of the pollution in Delhi was caused by the transport sector. It had also stated that "after transport, wind-blown dust is the second major contributor with 21.5 per cent followed by Industries at 18.6 per cent." "The other minor contributors are Power and Residential sectors contributing about 4.9 and 3 per cent respectively. Others contribute about 11 per cent. Residential Sector includes slum, crop Residue, cow dung, a street vendor, household, DG Set, wood burning, etc while other Sector includes MSW Plants, MSW Open Burning, Crematory, Aviation, Incense Stick, Brick Kiln," the state-run body had revealed. Air quality in Mumbai has gotten worse with the climatic change after hazy conditions covered the regions' skyline yesterday. The AQI is hovering at 259 and is likely to get higher in the next few days. During winter season each year, most of northern India suffers from a spike in toxicity in the air due to the change in weather patterns and crop residue burning in states such as Haryana, Punjab and Uttar Pradesh. Not only that, a dip in temperature along with low wind speed also tends to trap air pollutants closer to the ground.

Toxic air leaves Delhiites gasping for breath

About&nbsp;93 per cent of Delhiites do not understand the Air Quality Index and its six categories, a survey of 10 most polluted areas of Delhi revealed on Friday.

Conducted by the United Residents Joint Action (URJA), a collective of the city's resident welfare associations and ARK foundation, the survey interacted with 509 residents from Anand Vihar, Ashok Vihar, Dwarka, ITO, Lodhi Road, Patparganj, Rohini, R K Puram, Siri Fort, and Bawana.

The respondents -- minimum 50 people each from the 10 localities -- did not know the meaning of AQI and when the air in the national capital is categorised as good, moderate, poor or severe.

The survey showed that 89 per cent of the respondents were not aware about the air pollution monitors installed in their areas.

The questionnaire was given across the wards spread in a two-km radius around the identified locations where air quality monitors have been installed.

Eighty-eight per cent of the respondents said that they had not seen any LED screens showing the different levels of air quality, the survey said, adding that 71 per cent of the respondents were not satisfied with the air quality in Delhi.

While 58 per cent respondents said that they were affected by pollution, 42 per cent said they were unaffected.

Further, 28 per cent people admitted to facing difficulty in breathing due to <a href="http://www.wionews.com/india-news/better-not-to-be-in-delhi-it-is-like-a-gas-chamber-supreme-court-191301">poor quality of air</a> and 20 per cent said that they were take extra care of their skin.&nbsp;

Another 16 per cent said they felt depressed due to the blanket of smog enveloping the national capital.

The questionnaire asked the respondents a mix of closed-ended and open-ended questions.&nbsp;

About 93 per cent of Delhiites do not understand the Air Quality Index and its six categories, a survey of 10 most polluted areas of Delhi revealed on Friday. Conducted by the United Residents Joint Action (URJA), a collective of the city's resident welfare associations and ARK foundation, the survey interacted with 509 residents from Anand Vihar, Ashok Vihar, Dwarka, ITO, Lodhi Road, Patparganj, Rohini, R K Puram, Siri Fort, and Bawana.

About 93 per cent of Delhiites do not understand the Air Quality Index and its six categories, a survey of 10 most polluted areas of Delhi revealed on Friday. Conducted by the United Residents Joint Action (URJA), a collective of the city's resident welfare associations and ARK foundation, the survey interacted with 509 residents from Anand Vihar, Ashok Vihar, Dwarka, ITO, Lodhi Road, Patparganj, Rohini, R K Puram, Siri Fort, and Bawana. The respondents -- minimum 50 people each from the 10 localities -- did not know the meaning of AQI and when the air in the national capital is categorised as good, moderate, poor or severe. The survey showed that 89 per cent of the respondents were not aware about the air pollution monitors installed in their areas. The questionnaire was given across the wards spread in a two-km radius around the identified locations where air quality monitors have been installed. Eighty-eight per cent of the respondents said that they had not seen any LED screens showing the different levels of air quality, the survey said, adding that 71 per cent of the respondents were not satisfied with the air quality in Delhi. While 58 per cent respondents said that they were affected by pollution, 42 per cent said they were unaffected. Further, 28 per cent people admitted to facing difficulty in breathing due to poor quality of air and 20 per cent said that they were take extra care of their skin. Another 16 per cent said they felt depressed due to the blanket of smog enveloping the national capital. The questionnaire asked the respondents a mix of closed-ended and open-ended questions.

93% Delhiites don't know what AQI means: Report

Delhi, routinely suffering from air pollution accompanied by thick fog caused by vehicular exhaust and coal burning, witnessed yet another bad day on Friday.

Owing to the low visibility, ten trains were delayed in the morning after the minimum temperature settled at 7 Degrees Celsius.

Moreover, flights into and out of Delhi were delayed and diverted from 5:30 am to 7 am after fog reduced visibility to 50 meters.

The official data maintained by the Centre-run System of Air Quality and Weather Forecasting And Research (SAFAR) put the condition at severely polluted.

The Particulate Matter (PM) 2.5 level was recorded at 146 while the PM 10 was docking at 233 in New Delhi.

At Dhirpur, the AQI was 420 at 8 am, while at Mathura Road area, it dipped to 'hazardous' category with AQI 423.

AQI near Pitampura, Airport Terminal 3 and Delhi University stood at 434, 397 and 448, respectively.

An AQI between 0-50 is considered good, 51-100 is satisfactory, 101-200 moderate, 201-300 poor, 301-400 very poor and 401-500 is marked as severe/hazardous.

People residing in Delhi have been advised to avoid all physical activity outdoors and move activities indoors.

"If asthmatics, keep relief medicine handy. Sensitive Groups must stop outdoor activity at early morning and after sunset times. Avoid prolonged or heavy exertion. Go for a short walk instead of a jog and take more breaks. Stop any activity level if you experience any unusual coughing, chest discomfort, wheezing, breathing difficulty, or fatigue. If the room has windows, close them. If the air Conditioner provides a fresh air intake option, keep that closed," stated an advisory published by SAFAR.

According to the latest report published by the World Health Organisation, as many as one million lives in the world can be saved if all the countries reduce the menace of air pollution in accordance with the Paris Agreement by 2050.

WHO presented this report at the United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP24) in Katowice last month.

"The Paris Agreement is potentially the strongest health agreement of this century," said Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, Director-General of WHO.

"The evidence is clear that climate change is already having a serious impact on human lives and health. It threatens the basic elements we all need for good health-clean air, safe drinking water, nutritious food supply, and safe shelter-and will undermine decades of progress in global health. We can't afford to delay action any further," the report read.

Delhi, routinely suffering from air pollution accompanied by thick fog caused by vehicular exhaust and coal burning, witnessed yet another bad day on Friday. Owing to the low visibility, ten trains were delayed in the morning after the minimum temperature settled at 7 Degrees Celsius.

Delhi, routinely suffering from air pollution accompanied by thick fog caused by vehicular exhaust and coal burning, witnessed yet another bad day on Friday. Owing to the low visibility, ten trains were delayed in the morning after the minimum temperature settled at 7 Degrees Celsius. Moreover, flights into and out of Delhi were delayed and diverted from 5:30 am to 7 am after fog reduced visibility to 50 meters. The official data maintained by the Centre-run System of Air Quality and Weather Forecasting And Research (SAFAR) put the condition at severely polluted. The Particulate Matter (PM) 2.5 level was recorded at 146 while the PM 10 was docking at 233 in New Delhi. At Dhirpur, the AQI was 420 at 8 am, while at Mathura Road area, it dipped to 'hazardous' category with AQI 423. AQI near Pitampura, Airport Terminal 3 and Delhi University stood at 434, 397 and 448, respectively. An AQI between 0-50 is considered good, 51-100 is satisfactory, 101-200 moderate, 201-300 poor, 301-400 very poor and 401-500 is marked as severe/hazardous. People residing in Delhi have been advised to avoid all physical activity outdoors and move activities indoors. "If asthmatics, keep relief medicine handy. Sensitive Groups must stop outdoor activity at early morning and after sunset times. Avoid prolonged or heavy exertion. Go for a short walk instead of a jog and take more breaks. Stop any activity level if you experience any unusual coughing, chest discomfort, wheezing, breathing difficulty, or fatigue. If the room has windows, close them. If the air Conditioner provides a fresh air intake option, keep that closed," stated an advisory published by SAFAR. According to the latest report published by the World Health Organisation, as many as one million lives in the world can be saved if all the countries reduce the menace of air pollution in accordance with the Paris Agreement by 2050. WHO presented this report at the United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP24) in Katowice last month. "The Paris Agreement is potentially the strongest health agreement of this century," said Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, Director-General of WHO. "The evidence is clear that climate change is already having a serious impact on human lives and health. It threatens the basic elements we all need for good health-clean air, safe drinking water, nutritious food supply, and safe shelter-and will undermine decades of progress in global health. We can't afford to delay action any further," the report read.

Delhi: Air quality worsens, fog disrupts air and rail traffic

Watch: WION Your Story, 14th January, 2019

Indian govt unveils National Clean Air Programme to combat air pollution

A scattered spell of rain was witnessed in parts of New Delhi on the first Sunday of the New Year, as a blanket of fog descended over the national capital.

Mild drizzle was witnessed in various parts of Delhi in the early hours of Sunday, including Rajpath and the area around Press Club of India, with the temperature hovering around 9 degrees Celcius.

As per the MET office, the minimum temperature during the day is expected to dip to 6 degrees Celcius, while the maximum temperature will be 19 degrees Celcius.

As chilly winds engulf the national capital, it has become an ordeal for the homeless. Scores of people have taken refuge at night shelters as the cold wave is set to intensify in the coming days.

Apart from the onset of severe winter, the national capital is also reeling under poor air quality levels. According to Skymet, pollution levels are in 'severely poor'&nbsp;category at present.

However, after the spell of rain and thundershower, the situation is expected to improve marginally, with pollution levels in the 'moderate'&nbsp;to 'poor'&nbsp;category. Last week, several trains arriving and departing from Delhi were delayed owing to the dense fog blanketing northern India. As many as 15 trains were delayed by over three hours.

The System of Air Quality and Weather Forecasting And Research (SAFAR) has advised individuals to avoid prolonged or heavy exertion.

"Go for a short walk instead of a jog and take more breaks. Stop any activity level if you experience any unusual coughing, chest discomfort, wheezing, breathing difficulty, or fatigue. If the room has windows, close them. If the air conditioner provides a fresh air intake option, keep that closed. Avoid burning of wood, candles or incense. Keep the room clean - don't vacuum. Do wet mopping to reduce dust," read an advisory from the state-run agency.

A scattered spell of rain was witnessed in parts of New Delhi on the first Sunday of the New Year, as a blanket of fog descended over the national capital. Mild drizzle was witnessed in various parts of Delhi in the early hours of Sunday, including Rajpath and the area around Press Club of India, with the temperature hovering around 9 degrees Celcius.

A scattered spell of rain was witnessed in parts of New Delhi on the first Sunday of the New Year, as a blanket of fog descended over the national capital. Mild drizzle was witnessed in various parts of Delhi in the early hours of Sunday, including Rajpath and the area around Press Club of India, with the temperature hovering around 9 degrees Celcius. As per the MET office, the minimum temperature during the day is expected to dip to 6 degrees Celcius, while the maximum temperature will be 19 degrees Celcius. As chilly winds engulf the national capital, it has become an ordeal for the homeless. Scores of people have taken refuge at night shelters as the cold wave is set to intensify in the coming days. Apart from the onset of severe winter, the national capital is also reeling under poor air quality levels. According to Skymet, pollution levels are in 'severely poor' category at present. However, after the spell of rain and thundershower, the situation is expected to improve marginally, with pollution levels in the 'moderate' to 'poor' category. Last week, several trains arriving and departing from Delhi were delayed owing to the dense fog blanketing northern India. As many as 15 trains were delayed by over three hours. The System of Air Quality and Weather Forecasting And Research (SAFAR) has advised individuals to avoid prolonged or heavy exertion. "Go for a short walk instead of a jog and take more breaks. Stop any activity level if you experience any unusual coughing, chest discomfort, wheezing, breathing difficulty, or fatigue. If the room has windows, close them. If the air conditioner provides a fresh air intake option, keep that closed. Avoid burning of wood, candles or incense. Keep the room clean - don't vacuum. Do wet mopping to reduce dust," read an advisory from the state-run agency.

Delhi witnesses scattered spell of rain, air quality remains 'poor'

With the national capital battling<a href="http://www.wionews.com/india-news/delhi-residents-spend-christmas-indoors-as-smog-emergency-reaches-fourth-day-186396"> 'severe' air pollution</a>, Chief Minister Arvind Kejriwal said on Tuesday the Delhi government will implement odd-even scheme, to regulate plying of private vehicles in the city, whenever it is required.

He said the Delhi government was taking several steps for reducing pollution levels in the national capital.

In view of the city's 'severe' air quality, the Supreme Court-appointed Environment Pollution Control Authority (EPCA) on Monday banned industrial activities in pollution hot spots and construction work across Delhi-NCR till Wednesday.

"Whenever the odd-even (scheme) is required, we will definitely implement it," Kejriwal told reporters here.

"We all have to be participants in reducing pollution. The Delhi government is taking several steps. We have carried out large-scale tree plantation drive. The government will procure 3000 buses soon. Also, we sanctioned a large phase of Metro... We are making all efforts on our part," he said.

Asked about the Centre's role in reducing pollution levels, the chief minister said the Union government should call a meeting of neighbouring states as "air has no boundary".?

"In October and November, there are around 20-25 days when pollution level increases in Delhi due to stubble burning (in neighbouring states). Until the centre takes steps, nothing cannot be done," Kejriwal said.

Delhi's air quality remained in the 'severe' category for the fourth consecutive day on Tuesday as meteorological conditions continued to be unfavourable for dispersion of pollutants, authorities said.

The city is facing its worst pollution crisis since Diwali.

While the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) data showed the overall air quality index (AQI) at 'severe' level of 416, the Centre-run System of Air Quality and Weather Forecasting (SAFAR) recorded an AQI of 423.

In view of the city's severe air quality, authorities have advised people to minimise outdoor activities and avoid use of private vehicles.

Industries located in hotspot industrial areas of Wazirpur, Mundka, Narela, Bawana, Sahibabad and Faridabad will remain closed until Wednesday, EPCA Chairperson Bhure Lal had said in a letter to Delhi Chief Secretary Vijay Kumar Dev.

With the national capital battling 'severe' air pollution, Chief Minister Arvind Kejriwal said on Tuesday the Delhi government will implement odd-even scheme, to regulate plying of private vehicles in the city, whenever it is required.

With the national capital battling 'severe' air pollution, Chief Minister Arvind Kejriwal said on Tuesday the Delhi government will implement odd-even scheme, to regulate plying of private vehicles in the city, whenever it is required. He said the Delhi government was taking several steps for reducing pollution levels in the national capital. In view of the city's 'severe' air quality, the Supreme Court-appointed Environment Pollution Control Authority (EPCA) on Monday banned industrial activities in pollution hot spots and construction work across Delhi-NCR till Wednesday. "Whenever the odd-even (scheme) is required, we will definitely implement it," Kejriwal told reporters here. "We all have to be participants in reducing pollution. The Delhi government is taking several steps. We have carried out large-scale tree plantation drive. The government will procure 3000 buses soon. Also, we sanctioned a large phase of Metro... We are making all efforts on our part," he said. Asked about the Centre's role in reducing pollution levels, the chief minister said the Union government should call a meeting of neighbouring states as "air has no boundary".? "In October and November, there are around 20-25 days when pollution level increases in Delhi due to stubble burning (in neighbouring states). Until the centre takes steps, nothing cannot be done," Kejriwal said. Delhi's air quality remained in the 'severe' category for the fourth consecutive day on Tuesday as meteorological conditions continued to be unfavourable for dispersion of pollutants, authorities said. The city is facing its worst pollution crisis since Diwali. While the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) data showed the overall air quality index (AQI) at 'severe' level of 416, the Centre-run System of Air Quality and Weather Forecasting (SAFAR) recorded an AQI of 423. In view of the city's severe air quality, authorities have advised people to minimise outdoor activities and avoid use of private vehicles. Industries located in hotspot industrial areas of Wazirpur, Mundka, Narela, Bawana, Sahibabad and Faridabad will remain closed until Wednesday, EPCA Chairperson Bhure Lal had said in a letter to Delhi Chief Secretary Vijay Kumar Dev.

Delhi pollution: Will implement odd-even scheme whenever required, says Kejriwal

Watch: WION Your Story, 25th December, 2018

Delhi's air quality deteriorated further and was recorded in the 'very poor' category Wednesday, with 10 areas reporting severe pollution levels as authorities said unfavourable meteorological conditions would prevail over the next few days.

The overall air quality index (AQI) of the national capital stood at 372, which falls in the 'very poor' category, the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) data showed.

An AQI between 100 to 200 comes under 'moderate' category, 201 and 300 is considered 'poor', 301 and 400 'very poor', while that between 401 and 500 is 'severe'.

The Centre-run System of Air Quality and Weather Forecasting (SAFAR) too said that the overall air quality of Delhi was in the 'very poor' category.

"Overall air quality of Delhi continues to be very poor. The minimum temperatures is likely to fall in Delhi (resulting in additional moisture in the air). Hence, the air quality will remain in the 'very poor' category for the next three days," the SAFAR said.

"Winds are again becoming partially favourable for the dispersion," it said.

The overall PM2.5 level (fine particulate matter in the air with a diameter of less than 2.5 micrometre) was recorded at 223 and the PM10 level at 359, the SAFAR said.

While Alipur, Anand Vihar, Ashok Vihar, DTU, Jahangirpuri, Mundka, Narela, Rohini, Sonia Vihar, Nehru Nagar and Wazirpur areas saw severe pollution levels, 20 places in the national capital recorded 'very poor' quality air, the CPCB said.

Neighbouring Ghaziabad, Faridabad and Noida recorded 'very poor' air quality, while in Gurgaon, it was in the 'satisfactory' category, it added.

According to the Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, the maximum ventilation index on Wednesday was 4,000 sqm/second.

A ventilation index lower than 6,000 sqm/second with an average wind speed of less than 10 kmph is unfavourable for dispersion of pollutants.&nbsp;

Delhi's air quality deteriorated further and was recorded in the 'very poor' category Wednesday, with 10 areas reporting severe pollution levels as authorities said unfavourable meteorological conditions would prevail over the next few days.

Delhi's air quality deteriorated further and was recorded in the 'very poor' category Wednesday, with 10 areas reporting severe pollution levels as authorities said unfavourable meteorological conditions would prevail over the next few days. The overall air quality index (AQI) of the national capital stood at 372, which falls in the 'very poor' category, the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) data showed. An AQI between 100 to 200 comes under 'moderate' category, 201 and 300 is considered 'poor', 301 and 400 'very poor', while that between 401 and 500 is 'severe'. The Centre-run System of Air Quality and Weather Forecasting (SAFAR) too said that the overall air quality of Delhi was in the 'very poor' category. "Overall air quality of Delhi continues to be very poor. The minimum temperatures is likely to fall in Delhi (resulting in additional moisture in the air). Hence, the air quality will remain in the 'very poor' category for the next three days," the SAFAR said. "Winds are again becoming partially favourable for the dispersion," it said. The overall PM2.5 level (fine particulate matter in the air with a diameter of less than 2.5 micrometre) was recorded at 223 and the PM10 level at 359, the SAFAR said. While Alipur, Anand Vihar, Ashok Vihar, DTU, Jahangirpuri, Mundka, Narela, Rohini, Sonia Vihar, Nehru Nagar and Wazirpur areas saw severe pollution levels, 20 places in the national capital recorded 'very poor' quality air, the CPCB said. Neighbouring Ghaziabad, Faridabad and Noida recorded 'very poor' air quality, while in Gurgaon, it was in the 'satisfactory' category, it added. According to the Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, the maximum ventilation index on Wednesday was 4,000 sqm/second. A ventilation index lower than 6,000 sqm/second with an average wind speed of less than 10 kmph is unfavourable for dispersion of pollutants.

Delhi's air quality deteriorates further, 10 areas record severe pollution: Authorities

2017: Air pollution claimed 12.4L lives in India

The National Green Tribunal (NGT) has imposed a fine of Rs 25 crore on the government of Delhi for failing to curb the problem of pollution in the capital city, news agency ANI reported.&nbsp;

According to reports, the fine is to be deducted from the salary of Delhi government officials and those polluting the environment.&nbsp;

"If Delhi government fails to pay the fine, it'll have to pay a fine of Rs.10 crore per month," ANI reported.&nbsp;

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NGT has imposed a fine of Rs.25 cr on Delhi Govt for failing to curb the problem of pollution in capital city. This is to be deducted from salary of Delhi Govt officials&amp;ppl polluting environment. If Delhi Govt fails to pay the fine, it'll have to pay a fine of Rs.10 cr per month <a href="https://t.co/40mcTfqHx0">pic.twitter.com/40mcTfqHx0</a>
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The air quality in Delhi/NCR has seen a dipping trend in the past month with most areas recording 'poor' to 'very poor' air quality.&nbsp;

The alarmingly high rates of air pollution in the national capital have raised great concerns for the people as well as the state administration. The present levels of particulate matter in the atmosphere are sufficient to contribute towards depleting health standards and high level of toxicity in the air with dangerous gasses.

According to the Centre-run &nbsp;System of Air Quality and Weather Forecasting And Research (SAFAR), the Air Quality Index of the capital on Saturday morning was recorded 346, falling in the 'very poor' category.

The National Green Tribunal (NGT) has imposed a fine of Rs 25 crore on the government of Delhi for failing to curb the problem of pollution in the capital city, news agency ANI reported.

The National Green Tribunal (NGT) has imposed a fine of Rs 25 crore on the government of Delhi for failing to curb the problem of pollution in the capital city, news agency ANI reported. According to reports, the fine is to be deducted from the salary of Delhi government officials and those polluting the environment. "If Delhi government fails to pay the fine, it'll have to pay a fine of Rs.10 crore per month," ANI reported. NGT has imposed a fine of Rs.25 cr on Delhi Govt for failing to curb the problem of pollution in capital city. This is to be deducted from salary of Delhi Govt officials&ppl polluting environment. If Delhi Govt fails to pay the fine, it'll have to pay a fine of Rs.10 cr per month pic.twitter.com/40mcTfqHx0 — ANI (@ANI) December 3, 2018 × The air quality in Delhi/NCR has seen a dipping trend in the past month with most areas recording 'poor' to 'very poor' air quality. The alarmingly high rates of air pollution in the national capital have raised great concerns for the people as well as the state administration. The present levels of particulate matter in the atmosphere are sufficient to contribute towards depleting health standards and high level of toxicity in the air with dangerous gasses. According to the Centre-run System of Air Quality and Weather Forecasting And Research (SAFAR), the Air Quality Index of the capital on Saturday morning was recorded 346, falling in the 'very poor' category.

National Green Tribunal slaps Rs 25 crore fine on Delhi government over air pollution 

Andhra Pradesh Chief Minister and TDP chief Chandrababu Naidu on Friday suggested that the state should introduce electric vehicles in order to prevent air pollution and maintain air quality.

"Electric vehicles would be introduced in the state to eradicate pollution. The partnership of public and private sector is very important," Naidu said at the District Collectors' conference, news agency ANI reported.&nbsp;

Naidu added that simply introducing good schemes is not enough, people should be satisfied with the same.&nbsp;

"Just introducing good schemes are not good enough. Satisfaction among people should be at the same level. It is our duty to identify the errors beforehand. If all government branches work together, the satisfaction among people would definitely be great."

"The share of liabilities in Telangana Gross State Domestic Product (GSDP) grew by 12.7 per cent to 22.2 per cent by 2017-18. In Andhra Pradesh, the share of liabilities in GSDP declined from 36.4 per cent in 2016-17 to 27.3 per cent in 2017-18," he added.

(With inputs from ANI)&nbsp;

Andhra Pradesh Chief Minister and TDP chief Chandrababu Naidu on Friday suggested that the state should introduce electric vehicles in order to prevent air pollution and maintain air quality.

Andhra Pradesh Chief Minister and TDP chief Chandrababu Naidu on Friday suggested that the state should introduce electric vehicles in order to prevent air pollution and maintain air quality. "Electric vehicles would be introduced in the state to eradicate pollution. The partnership of public and private sector is very important," Naidu said at the District Collectors' conference, news agency ANI reported. Naidu added that simply introducing good schemes is not enough, people should be satisfied with the same. "Just introducing good schemes are not good enough. Satisfaction among people should be at the same level. It is our duty to identify the errors beforehand. If all government branches work together, the satisfaction among people would definitely be great." "The share of liabilities in Telangana Gross State Domestic Product (GSDP) grew by 12.7 per cent to 22.2 per cent by 2017-18. In Andhra Pradesh, the share of liabilities in GSDP declined from 36.4 per cent in 2016-17 to 27.3 per cent in 2017-18," he added. (With inputs from ANI)

Electric vehicles would be introduced in state to eradicate pollution: Andhra CM Naidu

A total of 79 Chinese cities have triggered air pollution alerts as severe winter smog covers wide swaths of the country, the official Xinhua news agency reported on Saturday.

As of November 30, five cities had issued red pollution warnings, the most severe in China's pollution warning system, 73 had issued orange warnings, the second-most severe, and one city had issued a yellow warning, triggering the implementation of emergency management and control measures, Xinhua reported.

The affected cities lie in and around the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region that includes China's capital, as well as in the Fenwei plains area of Shanxi, Shaanxi and Henan provinces, and in the northern Yangtze River delta region, home to Jiangsu province, China's second-largest steelmaking hub.

China's capital issued its first air pollution alert for the winter season on November 23, and Jiangu province issued orange smog alerts in late November, forcing factories and utilities to slash output.

Northern China often sees heavy smog over the winter, which runs from mid-November to mid-March, as homes and power utilities burn more coal for power and heating.

On Saturday evening, the concentration of small particulate matter, known as PM2.5, at Beijing's Temple of Heaven was 193 micrograms per cubic metre, according to data from China's National Environmental Monitoring Centre, five-and-a-half times the state standard of 35 micrograms per cubic metre.

China has taken steps to broaden its campaign against air pollution, including extending a monthly air quality ranking to 169 cities from 74 to pressure local authorities to clean up dirty skies.

A total of 79 Chinese cities have triggered air pollution alerts as severe winter smog covers wide swaths of the country, the official Xinhua news agency reported on Saturday.

A total of 79 Chinese cities have triggered air pollution alerts as severe winter smog covers wide swaths of the country, the official Xinhua news agency reported on Saturday. As of November 30, five cities had issued red pollution warnings, the most severe in China's pollution warning system, 73 had issued orange warnings, the second-most severe, and one city had issued a yellow warning, triggering the implementation of emergency management and control measures, Xinhua reported. The affected cities lie in and around the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region that includes China's capital, as well as in the Fenwei plains area of Shanxi, Shaanxi and Henan provinces, and in the northern Yangtze River delta region, home to Jiangsu province, China's second-largest steelmaking hub. China's capital issued its first air pollution alert for the winter season on November 23, and Jiangu province issued orange smog alerts in late November, forcing factories and utilities to slash output. Northern China often sees heavy smog over the winter, which runs from mid-November to mid-March, as homes and power utilities burn more coal for power and heating. On Saturday evening, the concentration of small particulate matter, known as PM2.5, at Beijing's Temple of Heaven was 193 micrograms per cubic metre, according to data from China's National Environmental Monitoring Centre, five-and-a-half times the state standard of 35 micrograms per cubic metre. China has taken steps to broaden its campaign against air pollution, including extending a monthly air quality ranking to 169 cities from 74 to pressure local authorities to clean up dirty skies.

79 Chinese cities trigger air pollution alerts: Report

The alarmingly high rates of air pollution in the national capital have raised great concerns for the people as well as the state administration. The present levels of particulate matter in the atmosphere are sufficient to contribute towards depleting health standards and high level of toxicity in the air with dangerous gasses.

According to the Centre-run&nbsp; System of Air Quality and Weather Forecasting And Research (SAFAR), the Air Quality Index of the capital in the morning was recorded 346, falling in the 'very poor' category.

The AQI between the range of 51 to 100 is considered as satisfactory, 101-200 is moderate, 201-300 falls under the category of poor. 300-400 is considered as 'very poor' and range between 401-500 falls under the category as 'hazardous'.

The forecasting agency has also predicted that the air quality is likely to remain in the same category with a slight decline by tomorrow due to enhanced wind speed.

"However, it is likely to increase thereafter for the next two days to register in the upper range of very poor level. This deteriorating AQI on 2-3 December is mainly due to expected adverse meteorological conditions and a decline in wind speed. the contribution from long-range dust or stubble biomass is negligible," it added.

In order to combat the menace of air pollution,&nbsp;Environment Pollution (prevention and control) Authority (EPCA) had laid down a suggestion for the state governments of Delhi, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, and Haryana, and the Centre, to follow priority measures to accelerate second generation reforms to protect public health in the affected regions.

In its letter, the EPCA had stated that a long-term favourable taxation policy should be implemented to promote CNG programme. Secondly, the organisation wants state administrations to impose an additional 30 per cent environment compensation charge on private diesel cars. Third, to increase parking charges effectively; demarcate legal parking areas and impose a higher penalty for illegal parking to cut congestion through on-street parking and fourth to implement daily air quality index and health advisory for public information immediately.

In its guidelines, the EPCA for the National Capital Region urged people to participate in combating the pollution crisis. In its note, the organisation has advised people to reduce the use of private vehicles.

"Use public transport or other means. As per the latest report of the Union government, vehicles contribute some 40 per cent of the pollution in Delhi,&nbsp;it stated."

"Ensure that we do not burn garbage and we report all instances of garbage burning and other pollution carefully and responsibly on the CPCB (Central Pollution Control Board) Facebook/Twitter accounts. It is essential that we control local sources of pollution at this time so that the crisis is managed," it added.

&nbsp;

The alarmingly high rates of air pollution in the national capital have raised great concerns for the people as well as the state administration. The present levels of particulate matter in the atmosphere are sufficient to contribute towards depleting health standards and high level of toxicity in the air with dangerous gasses.

The alarmingly high rates of air pollution in the national capital have raised great concerns for the people as well as the state administration. The present levels of particulate matter in the atmosphere are sufficient to contribute towards depleting health standards and high level of toxicity in the air with dangerous gasses. According to the Centre-run System of Air Quality and Weather Forecasting And Research (SAFAR), the Air Quality Index of the capital in the morning was recorded 346, falling in the 'very poor' category. The AQI between the range of 51 to 100 is considered as satisfactory, 101-200 is moderate, 201-300 falls under the category of poor. 300-400 is considered as 'very poor' and range between 401-500 falls under the category as 'hazardous'. The forecasting agency has also predicted that the air quality is likely to remain in the same category with a slight decline by tomorrow due to enhanced wind speed. "However, it is likely to increase thereafter for the next two days to register in the upper range of very poor level. This deteriorating AQI on 2-3 December is mainly due to expected adverse meteorological conditions and a decline in wind speed. the contribution from long-range dust or stubble biomass is negligible," it added. In order to combat the menace of air pollution, Environment Pollution (prevention and control) Authority (EPCA) had laid down a suggestion for the state governments of Delhi, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, and Haryana, and the Centre, to follow priority measures to accelerate second generation reforms to protect public health in the affected regions. In its letter, the EPCA had stated that a long-term favourable taxation policy should be implemented to promote CNG programme. Secondly, the organisation wants state administrations to impose an additional 30 per cent environment compensation charge on private diesel cars. Third, to increase parking charges effectively; demarcate legal parking areas and impose a higher penalty for illegal parking to cut congestion through on-street parking and fourth to implement daily air quality index and health advisory for public information immediately. In its guidelines, the EPCA for the National Capital Region urged people to participate in combating the pollution crisis. In its note, the organisation has advised people to reduce the use of private vehicles. "Use public transport or other means. As per the latest report of the Union government, vehicles contribute some 40 per cent of the pollution in Delhi, it stated." "Ensure that we do not burn garbage and we report all instances of garbage burning and other pollution carefully and responsibly on the CPCB (Central Pollution Control Board) Facebook/Twitter accounts. It is essential that we control local sources of pollution at this time so that the crisis is managed," it added.

Air pollution spirals in Delhi, air quality likely to worsen

The National Green Tribunal (NGT) has slapped Rs 5-crore fine on the West Bengal government for "failing to comply" with its two-year-old directive to improve air quality in Kolkata and Howrah.

The NGT Eastern Zone principal bench comprising Judges S P Wangdi and non-judicial member Nagin Nanda on Tuesday said the fine should be paid within two weeks of the order to the Central Pollution Control Board, failing which, the government will have to pay an additional Rs 1-crore as fine for every month's delay to the CPCB.

The order was given in the wake of West Bengal government not enforcing several measures recommended by the NGT in an earlier order in 2016 to check air pollution, the bench observed.

In the order, the NGT had recommended measures like introducing alternative mechanism to put a lid on high number of polluting diesel vehicles in the twin cities of Kolkata and Howrah, introducing remote sensing device (RSD) to monitor smoke emission, increasing number of computerised air monitoring stations from the existing ones.

The other measures include introducing the system of allowing private vehicles with odd and even registration numbers on specific days in the week, monitoring entry of non-BS 4 commercial vehicles to twin cities, stop burning of waste in dumping sites in different parts of state.

The green body in subsequent sittings in the intervening period of two years had sought to know if the West Bengal government's Environment department and the West Bengal Pollution Control Board had taken any steps towards the direction.

The NGT had passed the 2016 order on the basis of a report submitted by an expert committee but environmentalist Subhas Datta had moved a contempt petition recently which led to imposition of the fine by the tribunal.

The NGT on Tuesday also directed the West Bengal chief secretary to file an affidavit by January 8, 2019 regarding the follow-up action plan and payment of fine.

Environmentalist S M Ghosh said this was the culmination of a 20-year-old battle by environmentalists with a writ petition on health hazard caused by pollution first filed in 1999 at the Calcutta high court by him, another petition on the same issue filed by environmentalist Subhas Dutta in HC in 2006 and the case being transferred to NGT East bench in 2014.&nbsp;

The National Green Tribunal (NGT) has slapped Rs 5-crore fine on the West Bengal government for "failing to comply" with its two-year-old directive to improve air quality in Kolkata and Howrah.

The National Green Tribunal (NGT) has slapped Rs 5-crore fine on the West Bengal government for "failing to comply" with its two-year-old directive to improve air quality in Kolkata and Howrah. The NGT Eastern Zone principal bench comprising Judges S P Wangdi and non-judicial member Nagin Nanda on Tuesday said the fine should be paid within two weeks of the order to the Central Pollution Control Board, failing which, the government will have to pay an additional Rs 1-crore as fine for every month's delay to the CPCB. The order was given in the wake of West Bengal government not enforcing several measures recommended by the NGT in an earlier order in 2016 to check air pollution, the bench observed. In the order, the NGT had recommended measures like introducing alternative mechanism to put a lid on high number of polluting diesel vehicles in the twin cities of Kolkata and Howrah, introducing remote sensing device (RSD) to monitor smoke emission, increasing number of computerised air monitoring stations from the existing ones. The other measures include introducing the system of allowing private vehicles with odd and even registration numbers on specific days in the week, monitoring entry of non-BS 4 commercial vehicles to twin cities, stop burning of waste in dumping sites in different parts of state. The green body in subsequent sittings in the intervening period of two years had sought to know if the West Bengal government's Environment department and the West Bengal Pollution Control Board had taken any steps towards the direction. The NGT had passed the 2016 order on the basis of a report submitted by an expert committee but environmentalist Subhas Datta had moved a contempt petition recently which led to imposition of the fine by the tribunal. The NGT on Tuesday also directed the West Bengal chief secretary to file an affidavit by January 8, 2019 regarding the follow-up action plan and payment of fine. Environmentalist S M Ghosh said this was the culmination of a 20-year-old battle by environmentalists with a writ petition on health hazard caused by pollution first filed in 1999 at the Calcutta high court by him, another petition on the same issue filed by environmentalist Subhas Dutta in HC in 2006 and the case being transferred to NGT East bench in 2014.

NGT slaps Rs 5 crore fine on West Bengal government for failing to curb air pollution

People residing in Delhi and National Capital Region are reeling under the impact of breathing polluted air from the past couple of months due to vehicular pollution, crop residue burning and climate change.

As per the Centre-run System of Air Quality and Weather Forecasting and Research (SAFAR), the air quality index (AQI) of Delhi was recorded 349 on Tuesday, falling under the 'very poor'&nbsp;quality category.

The fog will lift in the morning with maximum and minimum temperatures hovering around 31 degrees Celsius and 13-degree Celsius, respectively.

Humidity in the region has plummeted to 60 per cent with a wind speed of 8 kilometres per hour. AQI between the range of 0-50 is considered good while the range beyond 500 is contemplated as hazardous.

The air quality index between the range 51 to 100 is marked as satisfactory while 101-200 range is touted as moderate.

The range of 201-300 comes under the category of poor whereas 401-500 range is considered as severe. At Dhirpur, the AQI was 387 at 8:45 am, while in Mathura Road area, it dipped to 'very poor'&nbsp;at 361.

Furthermore, AQI near Pitampura, Airport Terminal 3 and Delhi University stood at 356, 335 and 326, respectively. Experts have predicted that the air pollution will continue to engulf the capital and its nearby region from the next couple of days.

"The air quality is very poor and will remain very poor with a gradually increasing trend for the next two days without any major episode and then likely to decline. The AQI will remain in the very poor category only. The increase is attributed to declining in wind speed as compared to past two days. Tomorrow, the sky is likely to be hazy /cloudy (not good for aq). All other meteorological factors are unfavourable and likely to remain so at least for the next two days. The contribution from stubble biomass has almost seized, " the forecasting agency stated.

In order to prevent the smog-haze issue, the pollution-hit cities can follow in Singapore's footsteps which also faced a similar issue in 2015.

In order to provide relief to its citizens, the Singapore government introduced the Haze Subsidy scheme, which provided affordable treatment for haze-related conditions to elderly, children and poor.

The climate change has also adversely affected the snow-laden peaks and landscapes of Himachal Pradesh.

The untimely snowfall in Lahul Spiti which is at least 3000 metres above the sea level, has resulted in the loss of crops such as cabbage, apple, potatoes etc. This area usually receives heavy snowfall between the month of December and April.

People residing in Delhi and National Capital Region are reeling under the impact of breathing polluted air from the past couple of months due to vehicular pollution, crop residue burning and climate change.

People residing in Delhi and National Capital Region are reeling under the impact of breathing polluted air from the past couple of months due to vehicular pollution, crop residue burning and climate change. As per the Centre-run System of Air Quality and Weather Forecasting and Research (SAFAR), the air quality index (AQI) of Delhi was recorded 349 on Tuesday, falling under the 'very poor' quality category. The fog will lift in the morning with maximum and minimum temperatures hovering around 31 degrees Celsius and 13-degree Celsius, respectively. Humidity in the region has plummeted to 60 per cent with a wind speed of 8 kilometres per hour. AQI between the range of 0-50 is considered good while the range beyond 500 is contemplated as hazardous. The air quality index between the range 51 to 100 is marked as satisfactory while 101-200 range is touted as moderate. The range of 201-300 comes under the category of poor whereas 401-500 range is considered as severe. At Dhirpur, the AQI was 387 at 8:45 am, while in Mathura Road area, it dipped to 'very poor' at 361. Furthermore, AQI near Pitampura, Airport Terminal 3 and Delhi University stood at 356, 335 and 326, respectively. Experts have predicted that the air pollution will continue to engulf the capital and its nearby region from the next couple of days. "The air quality is very poor and will remain very poor with a gradually increasing trend for the next two days without any major episode and then likely to decline. The AQI will remain in the very poor category only. The increase is attributed to declining in wind speed as compared to past two days. Tomorrow, the sky is likely to be hazy /cloudy (not good for aq). All other meteorological factors are unfavourable and likely to remain so at least for the next two days. The contribution from stubble biomass has almost seized, " the forecasting agency stated. In order to prevent the smog-haze issue, the pollution-hit cities can follow in Singapore's footsteps which also faced a similar issue in 2015. In order to provide relief to its citizens, the Singapore government introduced the Haze Subsidy scheme, which provided affordable treatment for haze-related conditions to elderly, children and poor. The climate change has also adversely affected the snow-laden peaks and landscapes of Himachal Pradesh. The untimely snowfall in Lahul Spiti which is at least 3000 metres above the sea level, has resulted in the loss of crops such as cabbage, apple, potatoes etc. This area usually receives heavy snowfall between the month of December and April.

Delhiites gasp for breath as air quality remains unhealthy

Diwali was celebrated this year. Surely with a Supreme Court's order for bursting of crackers between 8-10 PM. Indeed agitated and concerned was Honorable Supreme Court with the growing levels of pollution in the country overall and particularly in Delhi. It is a matter of concern which is not just agitating everyone but also affecting everyone's health. Especially the children growing up in Delhi are most vulnerable. I do not want to pass on any comment on Supreme Court's order. They adjudicated on whatever was the issue arraigned before them. We should respect the order.

Delhi of an earlier era

Let me share with the readers that I am a Delhite to the core I was born in Connaught Place, and have grown up and lived in South Delhi most part of my life except for brief interludes of living in the UK and Mumbai. The Delhi I grew up was the Delhi of 1970s and 1980s and the air was much purer in Delhi those days.

Pollution was not known to us as children except a pun here or a jest there when someone farted. That was the only pollution we knew as children and youth. It was also related to lifestyles. Notwithstanding all the negative connotation of DTU (Don't Trust Us) or DTC (Disgraceful Transport Confusion), people overall were using these public transport as a primary mode of intra-city commute. Scooters were a rarity and cars were deemed elitist.

Increasing pollution in Delhi

However, the growth of the vehicle population has indeed grown by leaps and bounds in the last two decades which as a consequence has given rise to increasing pollution in our Delhi. A young scientist, Ms. Anumita Roychowdhury, of the Centre for Science and Environment has done real time and highly creditable work on this with an attendant crisis like shrinking public spaces due to parking, impact on public health etc. She really deserves kudos for this and her work has created awareness in the government circles to address the concerns. Both the Government of Delhi and the Government of India have been flagged because of this work and have calibrated several measures in combating this. But the sheer numbers are a matter of concern, which is becoming insurmountable for any counter measures to really have an impact.

Venom multiplier 
 
Leaving the vehicular pollution behind, we are also concerned with pollution on account of several other factors like industrial pollution and illegal factories and dyeing units operating from households, on which the judiciary has indeed given appropriate directions from time to time. But one factor which generally leads to pollution during Diwali time is the stubble burning in the states of Punjab and Haryana. This results in air quality being rendered extremely poor. This, in turn, leads to a situation of Diwali crackers being a venom multiplier. It is this which I seek to examine and put in perspective.

Was there stubble burning hitherto?

As already recalled, I have been living in Delhi for one year short of six decades. This has endowed me with the opportunity to travel into nearby and neighbouring states like UP, Punjab, Haryana and Rajasthan on quite a few occasions in different stages of life. I can say for sure that hitherto this trend of stubble burning was never in vogue. It was not even a known phenomenon. May also say for sure that during my travel in the hinterland areas neighbouring Delhi, it was not just sightseeing but I also had this opportunity to interact with the local rural populace, and I never once heard even a mention of stubble burning. Only recently has this practice begun amongst the farming community of northern India.

Agrarian practices in other regions

Let me also share with you experiences I have had with farmers of other regions of the country with whom I have had an opportunity to interact during these years. As an officer of the Ministry of Textiles, I had the opportunity to speak to inhabitants of Naupatna in Odisha. The vocation of the people here are farming and handloom weaving to supplement their income. While partaking of their excellent food I had in January 2016 ascertained what crops they grow. They informed that while paddy is a primary crop, the second crop was pulses, vegetables, etc.

Again in April 2016, I had this opportunity to travel to hinterland of West Bengal from a handloom cluster in Fulia and Shantipur to Murshidabad handloom cluster. Handloom weaving is closely intertwined with the agrarian economy and here too the interaction with local inhabitants revealed that they generally grow paddy as the primary crop with a large platter of very exotic rural vegetables (contrary to myth, Bengalis consume many varieties of vegetables which are known only in the Southern and Eastern parts of the country).

Further recently, I travelled to Tamil Nadu, where again my journey took me from Madurai to Dindigul, Natham, Sivagangai, Pillaiyarpatti, Rameswaram, Tirunelveli, Sankarankoil, Srivilliputhur, Satthur, and back to Madurai. I interacted intensively with local inhabitants. Being able to speak Tamil, I was at a distinct advantage of striking a chord with them. I was told by the farming community that they have two crops namely paddy being the primary one while the other being bananas, coconuts, palm, mangoes, etc.

Now, in all these interactions I sought to know what they do after harvest of the first crop before sowing the second. They all responded uniformly that they plough the land to make it ready for next crop. When asked about the residue of the previous crop again there was a common response that the residue acts as a nutrient ('satthu' as told in Tamil to be me by a farmer).

Let me make one thing clear, that this is based on my interaction with farmers and not any laboratory findings of any scientific data. But one thing was clear, no one said that they burn the stubble. I was little surprised. It may surprise many that two decades back no one had heard of any phenomenon called stubble burning even in the North Indian states of Punjab and Haryana. An Agricultural Extension Officer would be able to confirm this. Stubble burning was known in certain pockets resorting to jhum cultivation, but that was a phenomenon in certain pockets and scientists were working for this practice to end.

When did it start in food bowl of India?

The next question is when and where did this stubble burning begin? Who introduced this phenomenon? Was it an endeavour to alter the agrarian practices? Was there a hidden agenda to make gullible farmers contribute to the destabilisation of the economy of the country?

Make no mistake, this phenomenon has been introduced in two states which were the food bowl of the nation. One of them is a border area which had seen militancy affecting its agrarian economy for two decades not very far back. There are many for whom the wounds of militancy are still to heal.

Is it an attempt at destabilisation?

Also, recent attacks on Nirankari Bhavan in Rajsansi near Amritstar does reveal the unholy involvement of ISI through al Qaeda in these attacks. Not just that Gurdaspur (Pathankot), drug menace and such other dysfunctional events in recent past do have the ISI's stamp. Is the ISI, which is latently active through its sleeper cells in Punjab, also seeking to alter agrarian practices to discredit the farmers of Punjab in nation's eyes and foist disaffection in the state?

Indeed, their previous endeavour of destabilising the Indian economy through Fake Indian Currency Notes (FICNs) got a setback due to demonetisation. Is the ISI peddling an alternative endeavour? One possible method which could prove as litmus test for this could be to check whether the farming community in Pakistan on other side of Punjab indulges in stubble burning after harvest of a crop. We need to find the truth and combat the same.

(This article was originally published on Zee News. Read the <a href="http://zeenews.india.com/blogs/beyond-air-pollution-is-there-more-to-stubble-burning-than-meets-the-eye-2157663.html">original article</a>)

(Disclaimer: The opinions expressed above are the personal views of the author and do not reflect the views of ZMCL)

Diwali was celebrated this year. Surely with a Supreme Court's order for bursting of crackers between 8-10 PM. Indeed agitated and concerned was Honorable Supreme Court with the growing levels of pollution in the country overall and particularly in Delhi.

Diwali was celebrated this year. Surely with a Supreme Court's order for bursting of crackers between 8-10 PM. Indeed agitated and concerned was Honorable Supreme Court with the growing levels of pollution in the country overall and particularly in Delhi. It is a matter of concern which is not just agitating everyone but also affecting everyone's health. Especially the children growing up in Delhi are most vulnerable. I do not want to pass on any comment on Supreme Court's order. They adjudicated on whatever was the issue arraigned before them. We should respect the order. Delhi of an earlier era Let me share with the readers that I am a Delhite to the core I was born in Connaught Place, and have grown up and lived in South Delhi most part of my life except for brief interludes of living in the UK and Mumbai. The Delhi I grew up was the Delhi of 1970s and 1980s and the air was much purer in Delhi those days. Pollution was not known to us as children except a pun here or a jest there when someone farted. That was the only pollution we knew as children and youth. It was also related to lifestyles. Notwithstanding all the negative connotation of DTU (Don't Trust Us) or DTC (Disgraceful Transport Confusion), people overall were using these public transport as a primary mode of intra-city commute. Scooters were a rarity and cars were deemed elitist. Increasing pollution in Delhi However, the growth of the vehicle population has indeed grown by leaps and bounds in the last two decades which as a consequence has given rise to increasing pollution in our Delhi. A young scientist, Ms. Anumita Roychowdhury, of the Centre for Science and Environment has done real time and highly creditable work on this with an attendant crisis like shrinking public spaces due to parking, impact on public health etc. She really deserves kudos for this and her work has created awareness in the government circles to address the concerns. Both the Government of Delhi and the Government of India have been flagged because of this work and have calibrated several measures in combating this. But the sheer numbers are a matter of concern, which is becoming insurmountable for any counter measures to really have an impact. Venom multiplier Leaving the vehicular pollution behind, we are also concerned with pollution on account of several other factors like industrial pollution and illegal factories and dyeing units operating from households, on which the judiciary has indeed given appropriate directions from time to time. But one factor which generally leads to pollution during Diwali time is the stubble burning in the states of Punjab and Haryana. This results in air quality being rendered extremely poor. This, in turn, leads to a situation of Diwali crackers being a venom multiplier. It is this which I seek to examine and put in perspective. Was there stubble burning hitherto? As already recalled, I have been living in Delhi for one year short of six decades. This has endowed me with the opportunity to travel into nearby and neighbouring states like UP, Punjab, Haryana and Rajasthan on quite a few occasions in different stages of life. I can say for sure that hitherto this trend of stubble burning was never in vogue. It was not even a known phenomenon. May also say for sure that during my travel in the hinterland areas neighbouring Delhi, it was not just sightseeing but I also had this opportunity to interact with the local rural populace, and I never once heard even a mention of stubble burning. Only recently has this practice begun amongst the farming community of northern India. Agrarian practices in other regions Let me also share with you experiences I have had with farmers of other regions of the country with whom I have had an opportunity to interact during these years. As an officer of the Ministry of Textiles, I had the opportunity to speak to inhabitants of Naupatna in Odisha. The vocation of the people here are farming and handloom weaving to supplement their income. While partaking of their excellent food I had in January 2016 ascertained what crops they grow. They informed that while paddy is a primary crop, the second crop was pulses, vegetables, etc. Again in April 2016, I had this opportunity to travel to hinterland of West Bengal from a handloom cluster in Fulia and Shantipur to Murshidabad handloom cluster. Handloom weaving is closely intertwined with the agrarian economy and here too the interaction with local inhabitants revealed that they generally grow paddy as the primary crop with a large platter of very exotic rural vegetables (contrary to myth, Bengalis consume many varieties of vegetables which are known only in the Southern and Eastern parts of the country). Further recently, I travelled to Tamil Nadu, where again my journey took me from Madurai to Dindigul, Natham, Sivagangai, Pillaiyarpatti, Rameswaram, Tirunelveli, Sankarankoil, Srivilliputhur, Satthur, and back to Madurai. I interacted intensively with local inhabitants. Being able to speak Tamil, I was at a distinct advantage of striking a chord with them. I was told by the farming community that they have two crops namely paddy being the primary one while the other being bananas, coconuts, palm, mangoes, etc. Now, in all these interactions I sought to know what they do after harvest of the first crop before sowing the second. They all responded uniformly that they plough the land to make it ready for next crop. When asked about the residue of the previous crop again there was a common response that the residue acts as a nutrient ('satthu' as told in Tamil to be me by a farmer). Let me make one thing clear, that this is based on my interaction with farmers and not any laboratory findings of any scientific data. But one thing was clear, no one said that they burn the stubble. I was little surprised. It may surprise many that two decades back no one had heard of any phenomenon called stubble burning even in the North Indian states of Punjab and Haryana. An Agricultural Extension Officer would be able to confirm this. Stubble burning was known in certain pockets resorting to jhum cultivation, but that was a phenomenon in certain pockets and scientists were working for this practice to end. When did it start in food bowl of India? The next question is when and where did this stubble burning begin? Who introduced this phenomenon? Was it an endeavour to alter the agrarian practices? Was there a hidden agenda to make gullible farmers contribute to the destabilisation of the economy of the country? Make no mistake, this phenomenon has been introduced in two states which were the food bowl of the nation. One of them is a border area which had seen militancy affecting its agrarian economy for two decades not very far back. There are many for whom the wounds of militancy are still to heal. Is it an attempt at destabilisation? Also, recent attacks on Nirankari Bhavan in Rajsansi near Amritstar does reveal the unholy involvement of ISI through al Qaeda in these attacks. Not just that Gurdaspur (Pathankot), drug menace and such other dysfunctional events in recent past do have the ISI's stamp. Is the ISI, which is latently active through its sleeper cells in Punjab, also seeking to alter agrarian practices to discredit the farmers of Punjab in nation's eyes and foist disaffection in the state? Indeed, their previous endeavour of destabilising the Indian economy through Fake Indian Currency Notes (FICNs) got a setback due to demonetisation. Is the ISI peddling an alternative endeavour? One possible method which could prove as litmus test for this could be to check whether the farming community in Pakistan on other side of Punjab indulges in stubble burning after harvest of a crop. We need to find the truth and combat the same. (This article was originally published on Zee News. Read the original article) (Disclaimer: The opinions expressed above are the personal views of the author and do not reflect the views of ZMCL)

Beyond air pollution, is there more to stubble burning than meets the eye?

The residents of national capital woke up to a misty morning with the minimum temperature settling at 11.3-degree Celsius.

According to the Meteorological department, the humidity level recorded at 8.30 am was 88 per cent. The weather department forecast clear skies for rest of the day.

"The skies will remain clear and the maximum temperature is expected to hover around 29 degrees Celsius," the official said.

However, the air quality continued to remain in 'very poor' category.

Over the past few weeks, the air quality in Delhi and National Capital Region (NCR) has remained in the same category with PM (particulate matter) 2.5 hitting an average of 300 during morning hours, according to Centre-run System of Air Quality and Weather Forecasting (SAFAR).&nbsp;

The overall air quality on Friday recorded at 302 at 8:30 am.

At Dhirpur, the AQI was 337, while in Mathura Road area it dipped to 'very poor' category at 306.&nbsp;

Furthermore, AQI near Pitampura, Airport Terminal 3 and Delhi University stood at 327, 168 and 282 respectively.

Due to increase in the PM 10 levels, regions such as Dwarka, Mundaka, Rohini and Anand Vihar registered "severe" air-quality.

Delhites are finding it tough to carry out their daily activities owing to the hazardous air quality.

Taking the cognisance of the prevailing situation, the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) has made certain recommendations to the Supreme Court to combat the menace of air pollution.

In its dossier, the CPCB recommended banning of industrial, construction and demolition activities in the major hotspot areas where air quality plummeted.&nbsp;

The organization has also stated that stringent actions must be taken against the defaulters breaching pollution laws put in place by the Delhi Pollution Control Committee, traffic police and other agencies. Delhi, which is home to approx 19 million people, is reeling under the menace of air pollution from the past couple of years.&nbsp;

The region faced a major air quality crisis last year as pollution levels shot through the roof and even forced the shutdown of schools. Moreover, Delhi Chief Minister Arvind Kejriwal had described the capital as a gas chamber and local administration was compelled to declare a public health emergency.

(With inputs from news agencies)

The residents of national capital woke up to a misty morning with the minimum temperature settling at 11.3-degree Celsius. According to the Meteorological department, the humidity level recorded at 8.

The residents of national capital woke up to a misty morning with the minimum temperature settling at 11.3-degree Celsius. According to the Meteorological department, the humidity level recorded at 8.30 am was 88 per cent. The weather department forecast clear skies for rest of the day. "The skies will remain clear and the maximum temperature is expected to hover around 29 degrees Celsius," the official said. However, the air quality continued to remain in 'very poor' category. Over the past few weeks, the air quality in Delhi and National Capital Region (NCR) has remained in the same category with PM (particulate matter) 2.5 hitting an average of 300 during morning hours, according to Centre-run System of Air Quality and Weather Forecasting (SAFAR). The overall air quality on Friday recorded at 302 at 8:30 am. At Dhirpur, the AQI was 337, while in Mathura Road area it dipped to 'very poor' category at 306. Furthermore, AQI near Pitampura, Airport Terminal 3 and Delhi University stood at 327, 168 and 282 respectively. Due to increase in the PM 10 levels, regions such as Dwarka, Mundaka, Rohini and Anand Vihar registered "severe" air-quality. Delhites are finding it tough to carry out their daily activities owing to the hazardous air quality. Taking the cognisance of the prevailing situation, the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) has made certain recommendations to the Supreme Court to combat the menace of air pollution. In its dossier, the CPCB recommended banning of industrial, construction and demolition activities in the major hotspot areas where air quality plummeted. The organization has also stated that stringent actions must be taken against the defaulters breaching pollution laws put in place by the Delhi Pollution Control Committee, traffic police and other agencies. Delhi, which is home to approx 19 million people, is reeling under the menace of air pollution from the past couple of years. The region faced a major air quality crisis last year as pollution levels shot through the roof and even forced the shutdown of schools. Moreover, Delhi Chief Minister Arvind Kejriwal had described the capital as a gas chamber and local administration was compelled to declare a public health emergency. (With inputs from news agencies)

Misty morning in Delhi, air quality remains in 'very poor' category

Though one hears about air pollution in winter, the air quality is bad throughout the year. In fact, a 2016 study by IIT Kanpur found that PM 2.5 and PM 10 levels were 4-7 times the upper limit irrespective of the time of the year.&nbsp;

Economic growth and pollution: The causes of decrease in air quality are many — exponential increase in the number of vehicles in India from approximately 55 million in 1981 to 230 million in 2016. According to the Society of Indian Automobile Manufacturers, ‘The sale of Passenger Vehicles grew by 7.89 per cent in April-March 2018 over the same period last year.’ Tail pipe emissions contribute just 2 per cent of PM 10 emissions at the national scale. A source apportionment study carried out by CPCB found road and construction dust contributed between 6-58 per cent of PM 10 particles. However, when PM 2.5 matter is considered, the contribution of the transport sector rises to 31 per cent.

The dependence on conventional energy sources is another factor. According to the Ministry of Power, ‘The electricity generation target of conventional sources for the year 2018-19 has been fixed as 1265 Billion Unit (BU), ie, growth of around 4.87 per cent over actual conventional generation of 1206.306 BU for the previous year (2017-18)’.

There has also been an increase in stubble burning over the years. Improper waste disposal is another big issue.

The Lancet Commission on Pollution and Health in 2017 stated that 2.5 million Indians die prematurely because of air pollution. In 2016, the World Bank and the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation calculated that in 2013 air pollution caused 1,403,136 deaths. The country lost $55.39 billion in labour output.&nbsp;

Budgetary allocation for air pollution control: The magnitude of air pollution problem and its far-reaching consequences calls for a response of mammoth proportions from the Centre and the states. That the National Green Tribunal had to recently ask 23 states to come up with plans to bring air quality within prescribed limits is proof of the importance given to this matter at the state and Central levels.&nbsp;

A review of PRS analysed state budgets for 2018-19 and 2017-18 found that only Delhi government made express provisions to combat air pollution — a subsidy of Rs 30,000 for firms to switch from diesel generators to clean fuel based one and another subsidy of Rs 1 lakh to incentivise piped gas. The government will also purchase 1000 electric buses.&nbsp;

A look at state budgets found that some states like Karnataka and Bihar have budgeted for the installation of air pollution monitoring stations in the current budget. Odisha launched a Star Rating system to encourage transparency in compliance of pollution standards within industries. Other states launched apps to keep citizens informed of air quality.

Interestingly, last year’s Delhi budget made provisions for the installation of 20 more air quality monitoring stations while the government of Punjab made a provision of Rs 20 crores to prevent the burning of paddy straw.

However, there was no other nod to air quality amelioration in these two budgets or in other state budgets.

Unfortunately, the 2018-19 central budget only catered to Delhi’s air. The government forgot that there are 13 other cities spread across India that feature in the world’s top 20 cities with deadly air quality.&nbsp;

However, after a presentation from the Environment Secretary, the Parliamentary Standing Committee on Science and Technology, Environment recommended a 50 per cent increase in the ministry’s Rs 2675.42 crore budget. The Secretary stated that Rs 250 crore of this additional money would be spent on air pollution abatement.&nbsp;

This year’s central budget exempts ethanol blended petrol and diesel blended with biodiesel from road and infrastructure cess, to promote their use. But will it help our lungs?

Is it the cart before the horse: Here in lies the problem. Air pollution abatement does not prevent air pollution. No amount of expenditure on abatement will suffice if it cannot at least equal the expenditure and investment in polluting sources. Take the example of the oft-abused remedy for air pollution — electric vehicles for public transport and personal use. The use of such vehicles only changes the point of pollution discharge. Further, as almost 64 per cent of electricity is generated from fossil fuels there is going to be a corresponding increase in pollution from these sources. The promotion of electric vehicles should come with the caveat that they be charged through renewable energy. This will not only decrease pollution in the city where such vehicles run, but will also prevent further decline in air quality around power generating sources.&nbsp;

Further, reducing vehicular traffic through schemes such as odd-even days can limit the number of vehicles on the road for a time. With the increase in purchases the efficacy of the scheme will decrease.

There is a need to take a hard look at the sources of pollution, be they the power industry, the construction industry, stubble burning, vehicles etc. It is important to look beyond abatement. 
 
(This article was originally published on DNA. Read the <a href="https://www.dnaindia.com/analysis/column-only-four-states-have-limited-allocation-to-fight-pollution-2687620">original article</a>)

(Disclaimer: The opinions expressed above are the personal views of the author and do not reflect the views of ZMCL)

 
&nbsp;

Though one hears about air pollution in winter, the air quality is bad throughout the year. In fact, a 2016 study by IIT Kanpur found that PM 2.5 and PM 10 levels were 4-7 times the upper limit irrespective of the time of the year.

Though one hears about air pollution in winter, the air quality is bad throughout the year. In fact, a 2016 study by IIT Kanpur found that PM 2.5 and PM 10 levels were 4-7 times the upper limit irrespective of the time of the year. Economic growth and pollution: The causes of decrease in air quality are many — exponential increase in the number of vehicles in India from approximately 55 million in 1981 to 230 million in 2016. According to the Society of Indian Automobile Manufacturers, ‘The sale of Passenger Vehicles grew by 7.89 per cent in April-March 2018 over the same period last year.’ Tail pipe emissions contribute just 2 per cent of PM 10 emissions at the national scale. A source apportionment study carried out by CPCB found road and construction dust contributed between 6-58 per cent of PM 10 particles. However, when PM 2.5 matter is considered, the contribution of the transport sector rises to 31 per cent. The dependence on conventional energy sources is another factor. According to the Ministry of Power, ‘The electricity generation target of conventional sources for the year 2018-19 has been fixed as 1265 Billion Unit (BU), ie, growth of around 4.87 per cent over actual conventional generation of 1206.306 BU for the previous year (2017-18)’. There has also been an increase in stubble burning over the years. Improper waste disposal is another big issue. The Lancet Commission on Pollution and Health in 2017 stated that 2.5 million Indians die prematurely because of air pollution. In 2016, the World Bank and the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation calculated that in 2013 air pollution caused 1,403,136 deaths. The country lost $55.39 billion in labour output. Budgetary allocation for air pollution control: The magnitude of air pollution problem and its far-reaching consequences calls for a response of mammoth proportions from the Centre and the states. That the National Green Tribunal had to recently ask 23 states to come up with plans to bring air quality within prescribed limits is proof of the importance given to this matter at the state and Central levels. A review of PRS analysed state budgets for 2018-19 and 2017-18 found that only Delhi government made express provisions to combat air pollution — a subsidy of Rs 30,000 for firms to switch from diesel generators to clean fuel based one and another subsidy of Rs 1 lakh to incentivise piped gas. The government will also purchase 1000 electric buses. A look at state budgets found that some states like Karnataka and Bihar have budgeted for the installation of air pollution monitoring stations in the current budget. Odisha launched a Star Rating system to encourage transparency in compliance of pollution standards within industries. Other states launched apps to keep citizens informed of air quality. Interestingly, last year’s Delhi budget made provisions for the installation of 20 more air quality monitoring stations while the government of Punjab made a provision of Rs 20 crores to prevent the burning of paddy straw. However, there was no other nod to air quality amelioration in these two budgets or in other state budgets. Unfortunately, the 2018-19 central budget only catered to Delhi’s air. The government forgot that there are 13 other cities spread across India that feature in the world’s top 20 cities with deadly air quality. However, after a presentation from the Environment Secretary, the Parliamentary Standing Committee on Science and Technology, Environment recommended a 50 per cent increase in the ministry’s Rs 2675.42 crore budget. The Secretary stated that Rs 250 crore of this additional money would be spent on air pollution abatement. This year’s central budget exempts ethanol blended petrol and diesel blended with biodiesel from road and infrastructure cess, to promote their use. But will it help our lungs? Is it the cart before the horse: Here in lies the problem. Air pollution abatement does not prevent air pollution. No amount of expenditure on abatement will suffice if it cannot at least equal the expenditure and investment in polluting sources. Take the example of the oft-abused remedy for air pollution — electric vehicles for public transport and personal use. The use of such vehicles only changes the point of pollution discharge. Further, as almost 64 per cent of electricity is generated from fossil fuels there is going to be a corresponding increase in pollution from these sources. The promotion of electric vehicles should come with the caveat that they be charged through renewable energy. This will not only decrease pollution in the city where such vehicles run, but will also prevent further decline in air quality around power generating sources. Further, reducing vehicular traffic through schemes such as odd-even days can limit the number of vehicles on the road for a time. With the increase in purchases the efficacy of the scheme will decrease. There is a need to take a hard look at the sources of pollution, be they the power industry, the construction industry, stubble burning, vehicles etc. It is important to look beyond abatement. (This article was originally published on DNA. Read the original article) (Disclaimer: The opinions expressed above are the personal views of the author and do not reflect the views of ZMCL)

Only four states have limited allocation to fight pollution

After a day's respite, the air quality in the National Capital again deteriorated to 'very poor'&nbsp;category on Saturday as the dispersion of pollutants slowed down.

The PM2.5 (particles in the air with a diameter of fewer than 2.5 micrometres) level was recorded at 339 in the morning in New Delhi.

According to the forecasting agency, the fog will lift in the morning with maximum and minimum temperatures hovering around 27 degrees Celsius and 15-degree Celsius.

The humidity in the region will plummet to 78 per cent with the wind speed of 8 kilometres per hour.

An Air Quality Index (AQI) between 0 and 50 is considered 'good', 51 and 100 'satisfactory', 101 and 200 'moderate', 201 and 300 'poor', 301 and 400 'very poor', and 401 and 500 'hazardous'.

"Air pollution is on the path of reversal and increased after the impact of rain is over and AQI is entering in 'very poor'&nbsp;range. Likely to deteriorate further by tomorrow but will remain in the very poor category. Although surface wind speed is better (higher) but air holding capacity is also high due to moisture which is unfavourable. fire counts from stubble burning increased in past 24 Hours. Although less possibility of direct intrusion but horizontal dispersion may contribute marginally (8-10 per cent) to Delhi pollution," System of Air Quality and Weather Forecasting And Research (SAFAR) said.

Environment Pollution (Prevention and Control) Authority (EPCA) Chairman Bhure Lal on Friday also expressed his concern over the air pollution crisis and stated that more crop burning residue has been recorded this year. He also criticised farmers who continue to burn stubble, instead of turning crop residue into useful products.

Recently, NASA had released a couple of images of burning stubble in Punjab and Haryana. The organisation has stated that stubble burning in these two states have increased significantly within a span of 10 years and the biggest victims are Ambala, Karnal, Sirsa Amritsar and Hisar.

However, Punjab Chief Minister Captain Amarinder Singh denied Lal's claim and stated, "We have westerly winds most of the year and if stubble burning was responsible for Delhi`s pollution then Chandigarh`s air should have been as polluted."

The recent report issued by Punjab Pollution Control Board (PPCB) in October, has also stated paddy stubble burning incidents in Punjab have significantly declined this Kharif season.

The data from PPCB stated that 7503 cases of stubble burning were reported in the state till October 26 this year. There were 13,364 and 19,879 cases recorded during the same period in 2017 and 2016 respectively.

According to the World Health Organisation (WHO), around 3 million deaths a year are linked to exposure to outdoor air pollution. Indoor air pollution, on the other hand, can be just as deadly.

In 2012, an estimated 6.5 million deaths (11.6 per cent of all global deaths) were associated with indoor and outdoor air pollution together.

Nearly 90 per cent of air-pollution-related deaths occur in low and middle-income countries.&nbsp; 
&nbsp;

After a day's respite, the air quality in the National Capital again deteriorated to 'very poor' category on Saturday as the dispersion of pollutants slowed down.

After a day's respite, the air quality in the National Capital again deteriorated to 'very poor' category on Saturday as the dispersion of pollutants slowed down. The PM2.5 (particles in the air with a diameter of fewer than 2.5 micrometres) level was recorded at 339 in the morning in New Delhi. According to the forecasting agency, the fog will lift in the morning with maximum and minimum temperatures hovering around 27 degrees Celsius and 15-degree Celsius. The humidity in the region will plummet to 78 per cent with the wind speed of 8 kilometres per hour. An Air Quality Index (AQI) between 0 and 50 is considered 'good', 51 and 100 'satisfactory', 101 and 200 'moderate', 201 and 300 'poor', 301 and 400 'very poor', and 401 and 500 'hazardous'. "Air pollution is on the path of reversal and increased after the impact of rain is over and AQI is entering in 'very poor' range. Likely to deteriorate further by tomorrow but will remain in the very poor category. Although surface wind speed is better (higher) but air holding capacity is also high due to moisture which is unfavourable. fire counts from stubble burning increased in past 24 Hours. Although less possibility of direct intrusion but horizontal dispersion may contribute marginally (8-10 per cent) to Delhi pollution," System of Air Quality and Weather Forecasting And Research (SAFAR) said. Environment Pollution (Prevention and Control) Authority (EPCA) Chairman Bhure Lal on Friday also expressed his concern over the air pollution crisis and stated that more crop burning residue has been recorded this year. He also criticised farmers who continue to burn stubble, instead of turning crop residue into useful products. Recently, NASA had released a couple of images of burning stubble in Punjab and Haryana. The organisation has stated that stubble burning in these two states have increased significantly within a span of 10 years and the biggest victims are Ambala, Karnal, Sirsa Amritsar and Hisar. However, Punjab Chief Minister Captain Amarinder Singh denied Lal's claim and stated, "We have westerly winds most of the year and if stubble burning was responsible for Delhi`s pollution then Chandigarh`s air should have been as polluted." The recent report issued by Punjab Pollution Control Board (PPCB) in October, has also stated paddy stubble burning incidents in Punjab have significantly declined this Kharif season. The data from PPCB stated that 7503 cases of stubble burning were reported in the state till October 26 this year. There were 13,364 and 19,879 cases recorded during the same period in 2017 and 2016 respectively. According to the World Health Organisation (WHO), around 3 million deaths a year are linked to exposure to outdoor air pollution. Indoor air pollution, on the other hand, can be just as deadly. In 2012, an estimated 6.5 million deaths (11.6 per cent of all global deaths) were associated with indoor and outdoor air pollution together. Nearly 90 per cent of air-pollution-related deaths occur in low and middle-income countries.

Thick fog engulfs Delhi, air quality dips to 'very poor'

App that equates air pollution with cigarettes

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