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The Thwaites Glacier, also known as "Doomsday Glacier", is inching dangerously close to collapsing, triggering a huge rise in sea levels. A new study now hints at the time it is likely to meet its end.&nbsp;

Scientists from the British Antarctic Survey (BAS) undertook a fresh study of the glacier and measured it using underwater robots. Their data suggests that the Thwaites Glacier, roughly 74.5 miles (120km) in size, could cease to exist completely by the 23rd century. Along with it, a major part of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet could also be lost, leading to sea levels rising to alarming levels across the world.&nbsp;

If it does vanish completely, global sea levels can rise by two feet (65cm), sinking huge portions of landmass, the study says.

The widest glacier on the planet is equivalent to Great Britain or Florida. At certain points, it is over 6,500ft (2,000 metres) thick. For context, this is 2.5 times the size of Burj Khalifa, the world's tallest building in Dubai.&nbsp;

While it is a known fact that the glacier is in danger of melting away fully, the exact timeline is not clear. Dr Rob Larter, a marine geophysicist at BAS, says, "There is a consensus that Thwaites Glacier retreat will accelerate sometime within the next century."

Also Read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/antarctica-might-dodge-worst-case-scenario-the-question-is-752252">Antarctica ice sheet might avert dramatic collapse, but it will disappear</a>

However, he points to &nbsp;"additional processes revealed by recent studies" that "could cause retreat to accelerate sooner."

Thwaites has been losing a lot of ice lately. Previous studies suggest that the amount of water flowing from the Thwaites Glacier and other glaciers has more than doubled from the 1990s to the 2010s.&nbsp;

<h2>West Antarctic Ice Sheet collapse</h2>

The latest study indicated that a complete collapse looks imminent by the 23rd century.

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&nbsp;

"It's concerning that the latest computer models predict continuing ice loss that will accelerate through the 22nd century and could lead to a widespread collapse of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet in the 23rd,'" Dr Ted Scambos, US science coordinator of the ITGC and glaciologist at the University of Colorado, said.

Thwaites has been categorised as "exceptionally vulnerable" by researchers because "its ice rests on a bed far below sea level, which slopes downwards towards the heart of West Antarctica."

While the collapse of the Thwaites glacier could lead global sea levels to rise by two feet (65cm), the scenario for the entire West Antarctic Ice Sheet is even more scary. It the latter also vanishes completely, global sea levels will rise by a whopping 10.8ft (3.3 metres).&nbsp;

Researchers are urging for immediate action to tackle greenhouse gas emissions, a leading factor for the melting of Thwaites.

The Thwaites Glacier, also known as "Doomsday Glacier", is inching dangerously close to collapsing, triggering a huge rise in sea levels. A new study now hints at the time it is likely to meet its end.

The Thwaites Glacier, also known as "Doomsday Glacier", is inching dangerously close to collapsing, triggering a huge rise in sea levels. A new study now hints at the time it is likely to meet its end. Scientists from the British Antarctic Survey (BAS) undertook a fresh study of the glacier and measured it using underwater robots. Their data suggests that the Thwaites Glacier, roughly 74.5 miles (120km) in size, could cease to exist completely by the 23rd century. Along with it, a major part of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet could also be lost, leading to sea levels rising to alarming levels across the world. If it does vanish completely, global sea levels can rise by two feet (65cm), sinking huge portions of landmass, the study says. The widest glacier on the planet is equivalent to Great Britain or Florida. At certain points, it is over 6,500ft (2,000 metres) thick. For context, this is 2.5 times the size of Burj Khalifa, the world's tallest building in Dubai. While it is a known fact that the glacier is in danger of melting away fully, the exact timeline is not clear. Dr Rob Larter, a marine geophysicist at BAS, says, "There is a consensus that Thwaites Glacier retreat will accelerate sometime within the next century." Also Read: Antarctica ice sheet might avert dramatic collapse, but it will disappear However, he points to "additional processes revealed by recent studies" that "could cause retreat to accelerate sooner." Thwaites has been losing a lot of ice lately. Previous studies suggest that the amount of water flowing from the Thwaites Glacier and other glaciers has more than doubled from the 1990s to the 2010s. West Antarctic Ice Sheet collapse The latest study indicated that a complete collapse looks imminent by the 23rd century. × "It's concerning that the latest computer models predict continuing ice loss that will accelerate through the 22nd century and could lead to a widespread collapse of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet in the 23rd,'" Dr Ted Scambos, US science coordinator of the ITGC and glaciologist at the University of Colorado, said. Thwaites has been categorised as "exceptionally vulnerable" by researchers because "its ice rests on a bed far below sea level, which slopes downwards towards the heart of West Antarctica." While the collapse of the Thwaites glacier could lead global sea levels to rise by two feet (65cm), the scenario for the entire West Antarctic Ice Sheet is even more scary. It the latter also vanishes completely, global sea levels will rise by a whopping 10.8ft (3.3 metres). Researchers are urging for immediate action to tackle greenhouse gas emissions, a leading factor for the melting of Thwaites.

Antarctica's 'doomsday glacier' might completely vanish by 23rd century

A star cluster in the universe might be hiding a swarm of over 100 stellar-mass black holes. The cluster is called Palomar 5 and is a stellar stream of stars stretching across 30,000 light-years. It is located around 80,000 light-years away.

Globular clusters such as the Palomar 5 are usually very old and are therefore also called "fossils" of the early universe. They are dense, spherical and contain nearly 100,000 to one&nbsp;million very old stars. All these stars in a cluster are birthed at the same time.

Our galaxy, the Milky Way, has around 150 globular clusters that are known to scientists. Since they are extremely old, they are great to help learn about the history of the Universe and the dark matter content of their galaxies.

Recently, tidal streams of stars, or long rivers of stars that stretch across the sky, have also caught the attention of astronomers. This is because the Gaia space observatory has been mapping our galaxy with high precision.&nbsp;

Also Read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/juice-snaps-earth-with-moon-lurking-on-the-sides-as-uranus-photobombs-760410">JUICE snaps Earth, with moon lurking on the sides, and a photobombing planet</a>

Scientists have been trying to figure out how a stream of stars forms. Initially, they were believed to be "disrupted star clusters," astrophysicist Mark Gieles from the University of Barcelona in Spain said in 2021.&nbsp;

"However, none of the recently discovered streams have a star cluster associated with them, hence we can not be sure. So, to understand how these streams formed, we need to study one with a stellar system associated with it.

Palomar 5 is the only case, making it a Rosetta Stone for understanding stream formation and that is why we studied it in detail."

<h2>Why Palomar 5</h2>

Palomar 5 has both a very wide, loose distribution of stars and a long tidal stream. The researchers recreated the orbits and evolutions of each star in the cluster to understand how they ended up in the cluster.&nbsp;

Black holes were included in some of the simulations since evidence suggests they might exist in the central regions of globular clusters. Besides, any interaction with them can throw them off as well.

They found that the presence of a significant number of stellar-mass black holes within Palomar 5 could have resulted in the current formation.&nbsp;

The stars were likely flung out from the cluster due to orbital interactions and into the tidal stream.&nbsp;

This could have also led to an increase in the proportion of black holes.&nbsp;

"The number of black holes is roughly three times larger than expected from the number of stars in the cluster, and it means that more than 20 per cent of the total cluster mass is made up of black holes," Gieles said.

Researchers suggest the cluster will dissolve completely in around 1 billion years. Right before this happens, all that would be left in the cluster are black holes, orbiting the galactic centre.&nbsp;

A star cluster in the universe might be hiding a swarm of over 100 stellar-mass black holes. The cluster is called Palomar 5 and is a stellar stream of stars stretching across 30,000 light-years.

A star cluster in the universe might be hiding a swarm of over 100 stellar-mass black holes. The cluster is called Palomar 5 and is a stellar stream of stars stretching across 30,000 light-years. It is located around 80,000 light-years away. Globular clusters such as the Palomar 5 are usually very old and are therefore also called "fossils" of the early universe. They are dense, spherical and contain nearly 100,000 to one million very old stars. All these stars in a cluster are birthed at the same time. Our galaxy, the Milky Way, has around 150 globular clusters that are known to scientists. Since they are extremely old, they are great to help learn about the history of the Universe and the dark matter content of their galaxies. Recently, tidal streams of stars, or long rivers of stars that stretch across the sky, have also caught the attention of astronomers. This is because the Gaia space observatory has been mapping our galaxy with high precision. Also Read: JUICE snaps Earth, with moon lurking on the sides, and a photobombing planet Scientists have been trying to figure out how a stream of stars forms. Initially, they were believed to be "disrupted star clusters," astrophysicist Mark Gieles from the University of Barcelona in Spain said in 2021. "However, none of the recently discovered streams have a star cluster associated with them, hence we can not be sure. So, to understand how these streams formed, we need to study one with a stellar system associated with it. Palomar 5 is the only case, making it a Rosetta Stone for understanding stream formation and that is why we studied it in detail." Why Palomar 5 Palomar 5 has both a very wide, loose distribution of stars and a long tidal stream. The researchers recreated the orbits and evolutions of each star in the cluster to understand how they ended up in the cluster. Black holes were included in some of the simulations since evidence suggests they might exist in the central regions of globular clusters. Besides, any interaction with them can throw them off as well. They found that the presence of a significant number of stellar-mass black holes within Palomar 5 could have resulted in the current formation. The stars were likely flung out from the cluster due to orbital interactions and into the tidal stream. This could have also led to an increase in the proportion of black holes. "The number of black holes is roughly three times larger than expected from the number of stars in the cluster, and it means that more than 20 per cent of the total cluster mass is made up of black holes," Gieles said. Researchers suggest the cluster will dissolve completely in around 1 billion years. Right before this happens, all that would be left in the cluster are black holes, orbiting the galactic centre.

Swarm of black holes stretching across 30,000 light-years traversing Milky Way

European Space Agency's JUICE probe has captured a stunning shot of Earth, our moon and another one of our planetary neighbours. The Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE) mission is currently going towards Venus. From here it will undergo a second gravity assist in 2025.&nbsp;

The probe, launched on April 14, 2023, clicked Earth, moon and Uranus in a captivating shot, and the picture was shared by ESA on social media.&nbsp;

"These two little marbles we call our cosmic home were photographed by JUICE from over 5 million km [3 million miles], as the spacecraft waved us goodbye while heading towards Venus," ESA wrote in a post on X on September 18.&nbsp;

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📸 Captured on camera! 
 
🌑🌍 These two little marbles we call our cosmic home were photographed by Juice from over 5 million km, as the spacecraft waved us goodbye while heading towards Venus. 
 
The images were taken using different exposure times as part of inflight tests and… <a href="https://t.co/0AtVzPIIC8">pic.twitter.com/0AtVzPIIC8</a>
— ESA's Juice mission (@ESA_JUICE) <a href="https://twitter.com/ESA_JUICE/status/1836417115672158565?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">September 18, 2024</a></blockquote>
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Uranus can be seen as a tiny dot in the background.

"One oversaturated image brought to light a photobomber: planet Uranus, which was 2.9 billion km [1.8 billion miles] away from JUICE," ESA officials wrote in the post on X. "Can you spot which dot is the planet?"

Another photo shared by ESA shows Earth much more clearly with the moon lurking on the sides.&nbsp;

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Say cheese, again! 📸😄 
 
Juice’s scientific camera, JANUS, had a go too at snapping an Earth–Moon portrait, as it sailed off towards Venus. 
 
After its Venus flyby in August 2025, <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/ESAJuice?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#ESAJuice</a> will be back, passing by Earth again in September 2026 and January 2029.… <a href="https://t.co/15jsUpCImA">pic.twitter.com/15jsUpCImA</a>
— ESA's Juice mission (@ESA_JUICE) <a href="https://twitter.com/ESA_JUICE/status/1837056570892427357?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">September 20, 2024</a></blockquote>
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"Say cheese, again! Juice’s scientific camera, JANUS, had a go too at snapping an Earth–Moon portrait, as it sailed off towards Venus," it wrote on Thursday.

The pictures were part of inflight tests and calibrations of the spacecraft's two monitoring cameras.

Through gravity assist, JUICE will be using Venus's gravity to force its way towards the Jupiter system where it is expected to reach in 2031. It will return to Earth, making another flyby.

Also Read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/journey-to-jupiter-juice-slingshots-by-earth-en-route-to-venus-after-historic-flyby-photos-752121">Journey to Jupiter: JUICE slingshots by Earth en route to Venus after historic flyby</a>

One such gravity assist took place in August when JUICE completed a historic flyby of Earth and the moon. The gravity of Earth helped send the spacecraft towards Venus from where it will take a shortcut to Jupiter through the inner Solar System.&nbsp;

"The gravity assist flyby was flawless; everything went without a hitch, and we were thrilled to see Juice coming back so close to Earth," JUICE Spacecraft Operations Manager Ignacio Tanco said in a statement.

Two more gravity assists have been planned to help send it to the Jupiter system with minimal fuel use. They will happen in 2026 and 2029.

JUICE has already taken some images of Earth and the moon when it flew just 6840 km above Southeast Asia and the Pacific Ocean.

The probe will explore Jupiter and its three large moons - Ganymede, Callisto and Europa - all said to be harbouring oceans.&nbsp;

European Space Agency's JUICE probe has captured a stunning shot of Earth, our moon and another one of our planetary neighbours. The Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE) mission is currently going towards Venus.

European Space Agency's JUICE probe has captured a stunning shot of Earth, our moon and another one of our planetary neighbours. The Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE) mission is currently going towards Venus. From here it will undergo a second gravity assist in 2025. The probe, launched on April 14, 2023, clicked Earth, moon and Uranus in a captivating shot, and the picture was shared by ESA on social media. "These two little marbles we call our cosmic home were photographed by JUICE from over 5 million km [3 million miles], as the spacecraft waved us goodbye while heading towards Venus," ESA wrote in a post on X on September 18. 📸 Captured on camera! 🌑🌍 These two little marbles we call our cosmic home were photographed by Juice from over 5 million km, as the spacecraft waved us goodbye while heading towards Venus. The images were taken using different exposure times as part of inflight tests and… pic.twitter.com/0AtVzPIIC8 — ESA's Juice mission (@ESA_JUICE) September 18, 2024 × Uranus can be seen as a tiny dot in the background. "One oversaturated image brought to light a photobomber: planet Uranus, which was 2.9 billion km [1.8 billion miles] away from JUICE," ESA officials wrote in the post on X. "Can you spot which dot is the planet?" Another photo shared by ESA shows Earth much more clearly with the moon lurking on the sides. Say cheese, again! 📸😄 Juice’s scientific camera, JANUS, had a go too at snapping an Earth–Moon portrait, as it sailed off towards Venus. After its Venus flyby in August 2025, #ESAJuice will be back, passing by Earth again in September 2026 and January 2029.… pic.twitter.com/15jsUpCImA — ESA's Juice mission (@ESA_JUICE) September 20, 2024 × "Say cheese, again! Juice’s scientific camera, JANUS, had a go too at snapping an Earth–Moon portrait, as it sailed off towards Venus," it wrote on Thursday. The pictures were part of inflight tests and calibrations of the spacecraft's two monitoring cameras. Through gravity assist, JUICE will be using Venus's gravity to force its way towards the Jupiter system where it is expected to reach in 2031. It will return to Earth, making another flyby. Also Read: Journey to Jupiter: JUICE slingshots by Earth en route to Venus after historic flyby One such gravity assist took place in August when JUICE completed a historic flyby of Earth and the moon. The gravity of Earth helped send the spacecraft towards Venus from where it will take a shortcut to Jupiter through the inner Solar System. "The gravity assist flyby was flawless; everything went without a hitch, and we were thrilled to see Juice coming back so close to Earth," JUICE Spacecraft Operations Manager Ignacio Tanco said in a statement. Two more gravity assists have been planned to help send it to the Jupiter system with minimal fuel use. They will happen in 2026 and 2029. JUICE has already taken some images of Earth and the moon when it flew just 6840 km above Southeast Asia and the Pacific Ocean. The probe will explore Jupiter and its three large moons - Ganymede, Callisto and Europa - all said to be harbouring oceans.

JUICE snaps Earth, with moon lurking on the sides, as Uranus photobombs

A sea predator that swam in the seas near Texas 85 million years ago has been discovered by scientists. A fossil of complete jawbones belonging to Globidens alabamensis shows how huge the sea animal must have been.

Finding such a complete fossil of a set of chompers is rare and palaeontologists hope to learn more about how prehistoric carnivores attacked their prey and then ate it. Globidens belong to the mosasaur family and were first described in 1912.

The latest finding has been described in detail in a paper published in The Journal of Paleontological Sciences. Fossil hunter Courtney Travanini found the fossil in the Ozan Formation, a region of northeastern Texas. She gave it to the scientists who analysed the bones and to learn the species they belonged to.&nbsp;

Six teeth on the left side are still intact, while the right jaw has 12. They are “tall and cylindrical” and some of them are as much as 1.5 inches (4 centimetres) long. The jaw bones were also found to be “robust and massive".&nbsp;

A carnivorous sea reptile should ideally have serrated, razor-sharp teeth. But previous findings have shown that Globidens have never had them and instead, mosasaurs relied on a different hunting technique. As per previous studies, powerfully chomping down on prey wasn't the method adopted by them. Instead, these sea monsters swallowed their prey whole.&nbsp;

Also Read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/us-has-scuba-diving-tropical-lizards-that-breathe-underwater-release-bubbles-through-nostrils-759865">US has scuba-diving tropical lizards that breathe underwater, release bubbles through nostrils</a>

However, there are some members of the species that tore apart the meat of their prey. Other theories suggest that these animals were equipped with poisonous glands.

<h2>Ocean existed on dry land</h2>

The fossils were found in the Western Mississippi Embayment, a basin stretching from southern Illinois to northern Louisiana. The paper says that this Cretaceous-era find is rare for the region which is now dry land but was covered by an ocean during the mosasaur period.&nbsp;

The scientists also struggled to pinpoint the exact subspecies of Globidens the fossil belonged to since never before had a complete jaw bone been found. Their shape is similar to other members of the Globidens family, but they don't share some of the features.

Scientists ascertained by their shape, and the number of teeth that it most likely belonged to a G. alabamensis.

The sea monsters were featured in Jurassic World, although they were shown to be extremely large. So much so that it gobbled a shark in a single bite. However, Globidens were typically around 20 feet (six metres) in length. The largest dinosaur-era aquatic animal is Shastasaurus, which grew up to 65 feet (20 metres).

A sea predator that swam in the seas near Texas 85 million years ago has been discovered by scientists. A fossil of complete jawbones belonging to Globidens alabamensis shows how huge the sea animal must have been.

A sea predator that swam in the seas near Texas 85 million years ago has been discovered by scientists. A fossil of complete jawbones belonging to Globidens alabamensis shows how huge the sea animal must have been. Finding such a complete fossil of a set of chompers is rare and palaeontologists hope to learn more about how prehistoric carnivores attacked their prey and then ate it. Globidens belong to the mosasaur family and were first described in 1912. The latest finding has been described in detail in a paper published in The Journal of Paleontological Sciences. Fossil hunter Courtney Travanini found the fossil in the Ozan Formation, a region of northeastern Texas. She gave it to the scientists who analysed the bones and to learn the species they belonged to. Six teeth on the left side are still intact, while the right jaw has 12. They are “tall and cylindrical” and some of them are as much as 1.5 inches (4 centimetres) long. The jaw bones were also found to be “robust and massive". A carnivorous sea reptile should ideally have serrated, razor-sharp teeth. But previous findings have shown that Globidens have never had them and instead, mosasaurs relied on a different hunting technique. As per previous studies, powerfully chomping down on prey wasn't the method adopted by them. Instead, these sea monsters swallowed their prey whole. Also Read: US has scuba-diving tropical lizards that breathe underwater, release bubbles through nostrils However, there are some members of the species that tore apart the meat of their prey. Other theories suggest that these animals were equipped with poisonous glands. Ocean existed on dry land The fossils were found in the Western Mississippi Embayment, a basin stretching from southern Illinois to northern Louisiana. The paper says that this Cretaceous-era find is rare for the region which is now dry land but was covered by an ocean during the mosasaur period. The scientists also struggled to pinpoint the exact subspecies of Globidens the fossil belonged to since never before had a complete jaw bone been found. Their shape is similar to other members of the Globidens family, but they don't share some of the features. Scientists ascertained by their shape, and the number of teeth that it most likely belonged to a G. alabamensis. The sea monsters were featured in Jurassic World, although they were shown to be extremely large. So much so that it gobbled a shark in a single bite. However, Globidens were typically around 20 feet (six metres) in length. The largest dinosaur-era aquatic animal is Shastasaurus, which grew up to 65 feet (20 metres).

Sea monster lived 85mn years ago on Texas dry land that was once an ocean

Scientists have never been able to explain the origin of consciousness. Where does it come from? What is its origin point in the human body? Now an expert has suggested that consciousness might not be a part of our three-dimensional world and likely comes from a hidden dimension.&nbsp;

Michael Pravica, PhD, a professor of physics at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas, believes that consciousness is beyond the physical world and can transcend it in moments of heightened awareness. There is likely no brain activity at play.

This thought is linked to hyperdimensionality, a theory that states that our universe is not made up of just the three dimensions. Pravica says that the universe consists of several more dimensions that humans cannot perceive and there is a much larger nexus with hidden dimensions.

He says to understand consciousness, humans need to explore hidden dimensions.&nbsp;

"The sheer fact we can conceive of higher dimensions than four within our mind, within our mathematics, is a gift... It's something that transcends biology," the scientist told Popular Mechanics.

If this theory turns out to be true, then we might be looking at creatures who live outside the physical realm where space and time are not a thing, Pravica says.

While humans might not know much about hyperdimensionality, Pravica believes they are much more familiar with it than they think. Linking it to religious beliefs, the Orthodox Christian claims Jesus could be a hyperdimensional being.

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"According to the Bible, Jesus ascended into heaven 40 days after being on Earth. How do you ascend into heaven if you’re a four-dimensional creature?" Pravica asks.

This he says could be possible if a person belongs to the hyperdimensional world. You can "travel from our familiar world into heaven", he says.&nbsp;

The idea that consciousness comes from a higher dimension is linked to other advanced theories in physics, like string theory.&nbsp;

“String theory is essentially a theory of hyperdimensionality,” says Pravica. “It’s looking at how the universe is put together on a sub-quantum scale.”

However, not everybody agrees with Pravica. Some scientists say it borders on "science fiction".

Stephen Holler, PhD, an associate professor of physics at Fordham University in New York, told Popular Science, "Pravica’s view implies a 'God of the gaps' theological perspective, 'where gaps in scientific knowledge are attributed to divine intervention, rather than being seen as opportunities for further inquiry and understanding'."

Scientists have never been able to explain the origin of consciousness. Where does it come from? What is its origin point in the human body? Now an expert has suggested that consciousness might not be a part of our three-dimensional world and likely comes from a hidden dimension.

Scientists have never been able to explain the origin of consciousness. Where does it come from? What is its origin point in the human body? Now an expert has suggested that consciousness might not be a part of our three-dimensional world and likely comes from a hidden dimension. Michael Pravica, PhD, a professor of physics at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas, believes that consciousness is beyond the physical world and can transcend it in moments of heightened awareness. There is likely no brain activity at play. This thought is linked to hyperdimensionality, a theory that states that our universe is not made up of just the three dimensions. Pravica says that the universe consists of several more dimensions that humans cannot perceive and there is a much larger nexus with hidden dimensions. He says to understand consciousness, humans need to explore hidden dimensions. "The sheer fact we can conceive of higher dimensions than four within our mind, within our mathematics, is a gift... It's something that transcends biology," the scientist told Popular Mechanics. If this theory turns out to be true, then we might be looking at creatures who live outside the physical realm where space and time are not a thing, Pravica says. While humans might not know much about hyperdimensionality, Pravica believes they are much more familiar with it than they think. Linking it to religious beliefs, the Orthodox Christian claims Jesus could be a hyperdimensional being. Also Read: Neurosurgeon says he reached 'heaven', saw 'Om' while in coma, shares proof of it being real "According to the Bible, Jesus ascended into heaven 40 days after being on Earth. How do you ascend into heaven if you’re a four-dimensional creature?" Pravica asks. This he says could be possible if a person belongs to the hyperdimensional world. You can "travel from our familiar world into heaven", he says. The idea that consciousness comes from a higher dimension is linked to other advanced theories in physics, like string theory. “String theory is essentially a theory of hyperdimensionality,” says Pravica. “It’s looking at how the universe is put together on a sub-quantum scale.” However, not everybody agrees with Pravica. Some scientists say it borders on "science fiction". Stephen Holler, PhD, an associate professor of physics at Fordham University in New York, told Popular Science, "Pravica’s view implies a 'God of the gaps' theological perspective, 'where gaps in scientific knowledge are attributed to divine intervention, rather than being seen as opportunities for further inquiry and understanding'."

Consciousness might be traversing our world from a hidden dimension

Top 8 Stunning Images of Distant Galaxies by Hubble Space Telescope

The Earth's crust is continually being reshaped below the Konya Basin in the Central Anatolian Plateau of Türkiye over millions of years, as per the analysis of recent satellite data carried out by Earth scientists at the University of Toronto.

The researchers said that experimental simulations, in combination with geophysical, geodetic and geological data, explained that the basis has been going through the enigmatic sinking inside the rising plateau interior.&nbsp;

This observation further hinted at the existence of a new class of plate tectonics which has implications for other planets that do not contain Earth-like plates, like Mars and Venus.

In the study, which was&nbsp;published&nbsp;in&nbsp;Nature Communications, it was explained the region has been facing sinking because of the multi-stage lithospheric dripping which is a phenomenon for the rocky material's instability that creates the crust and upper mantle of Earth.

Also Read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/earth-may-have-once-had-a-ring-system-just-like-saturn-it-was-created-by-759259">Earth likely had a ring around it 466 million years ago. It was created by...</a>

Major landforms like basins and mountains are created at the surface after the dense rock fragments get detached from the surface and sink into the more fluid layer of the mantle of the planet.

"Looking at the&nbsp;satellite data, we observed a circular feature at the Konya Basin where the crust is subsiding or the basin is deepening," said lead author Julia Andersen, who is a PhD candidate at University of Toronto's Department of Earth Sciences at the Faculty of Arts &amp; Science, in the study.

"This prompted us to look at other geophysical data beneath the surface where we saw a seismic anomaly in the&nbsp;upper mantle&nbsp;and a thickened crust, telling us there is high-density material there and indicating a likely mantle lithospheric drip," he added.&nbsp;

<h2>Scientists explain what's happening beneath Earth's mantle</h2>

Speaking about the Earth's mantle, co-author of the study and a professor in the Department of Earth Sciences Russell Pysklywec said, "As the lithosphere thickened and dripped below the region, it formed a basin at the surface that later sprang up when the weight below broke off and sank into the deeper depths of the mantle."

Watch:&nbsp;Study Suggests Earth Had Saturn-Like Rings That Lasted For Tens Of Millions Of Years

<div class="videoWrapper trancodeVideo"><iframe allowfullscreen="" autoplay="1" class="includeVideo" frameborder="0" height="350" src="https://www.wionews.com/videos/study-suggests-earth-had-saturn-like-rings-that-lasted-for-tens-of-millions-of-years-759930/embed" style="width:100%;max-width:560px;" width="560"></iframe></div>

"We now see the process is not a one-time tectonic event and that the initial drip seems to have spawned subsequent daughter events elsewhere in the region, resulting in the curious rapid subsidence of the Konya Basin within the continuously rising plateau of Türkiye," he added.

Andersen further stated that the new discovery has hinted at the connection between basin formation events and plateau uplift. "Essentially, subsidence is occurring alongside the ongoing uplifting of the plateau," he said.

(With inputs from agencies)

The Earth's crust is continually being reshaped below the Konya Basin in the Central Anatolian Plateau of Türkiye over millions of years, as per the analysis of recent satellite data carried out by Earth scientists at the University of Toronto.

The Earth's crust is continually being reshaped below the Konya Basin in the Central Anatolian Plateau of Türkiye over millions of years, as per the analysis of recent satellite data carried out by Earth scientists at the University of Toronto. The researchers said that experimental simulations, in combination with geophysical, geodetic and geological data, explained that the basis has been going through the enigmatic sinking inside the rising plateau interior. This observation further hinted at the existence of a new class of plate tectonics which has implications for other planets that do not contain Earth-like plates, like Mars and Venus. In the study, which was published in Nature Communications, it was explained the region has been facing sinking because of the multi-stage lithospheric dripping which is a phenomenon for the rocky material's instability that creates the crust and upper mantle of Earth. Also Read: Earth likely had a ring around it 466 million years ago. It was created by... Major landforms like basins and mountains are created at the surface after the dense rock fragments get detached from the surface and sink into the more fluid layer of the mantle of the planet. "Looking at the satellite data, we observed a circular feature at the Konya Basin where the crust is subsiding or the basin is deepening," said lead author Julia Andersen, who is a PhD candidate at University of Toronto's Department of Earth Sciences at the Faculty of Arts & Science, in the study. "This prompted us to look at other geophysical data beneath the surface where we saw a seismic anomaly in the upper mantle and a thickened crust, telling us there is high-density material there and indicating a likely mantle lithospheric drip," he added. Scientists explain what's happening beneath Earth's mantle Speaking about the Earth's mantle, co-author of the study and a professor in the Department of Earth Sciences Russell Pysklywec said, "As the lithosphere thickened and dripped below the region, it formed a basin at the surface that later sprang up when the weight below broke off and sank into the deeper depths of the mantle." Watch: Study Suggests Earth Had Saturn-Like Rings That Lasted For Tens Of Millions Of Years "We now see the process is not a one-time tectonic event and that the initial drip seems to have spawned subsequent daughter events elsewhere in the region, resulting in the curious rapid subsidence of the Konya Basin within the continuously rising plateau of Türkiye," he added. Andersen further stated that the new discovery has hinted at the connection between basin formation events and plateau uplift. "Essentially, subsidence is occurring alongside the ongoing uplifting of the plateau," he said. (With inputs from agencies)

Earth's crust is 'dripping' beneath Central Anatolian Plateau of Türkiye. Here's what it means

In a stunning discovery, astronomers spotted the eruption of the largest twin jets from a black hole&nbsp;that&nbsp;can stretch for around 23 million light-years, which is equivalent to lined-up 140&nbsp;Milky Way&nbsp;galaxies.&nbsp; 
 
The scientists saw the jets erupting from the heart of a supermassive black hole, which is located nearly 7.5 billion light-years away.&nbsp;

The jets which blasted out from the black hole released trillions of times more energy every second compared to our Sun.

"We've known about these structures made by jets from galactic-centre&nbsp;supermassive black holes&nbsp;for a long time, but this particular one stands out for three reasons," said team member Martin Hardcastle of the University of Hertfordshire, while speaking to Space.com.&nbsp;

Also Read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/a-primordial-black-hole-will-pass-through-our-solar-system-after-every-10-years-will-it-harm-759740">A 'primordial' black hole will pass through our solar system every 10 years. Will it harm?</a>

"First, it's the largest yet, at over 20 million light years from end to end, which means it goes from the centre of its parent galaxy right out into the void between galaxies and galaxy groups," he added.

"Secondly, it's one of the most powerful we know about, with a fast rate of matter infall onto the black hole. And finally, it is found when the universe was only roughly half of its present age, and is thought to have been a much more violent place with much more going on that could have disrupted the jets," Hardcastle said.

<h2>Scientists name the powerful jets 'Porphyrion'</h2>

The scientists, along with the team which discovered the megastructure, gave the gigantic jets a suitable mythic name, "Porphyrion," which was borrowed from&nbsp;Greek mythology.&nbsp;

According to the researchers, such an outflow of jets is likely to have played an important role in the&nbsp;evolution of galaxies in the early universe.

"Astronomers believe that&nbsp;galaxies and their central black holes co-evolve, and one key aspect of this is that jets can spread huge amounts of energy that affect the growth of their host galaxies and other galaxies near them," said team member George Djorgovski, professor of astronomy and data science at the California Institute of Technology (Caltech), in a statement.&nbsp;

Watch:&nbsp;Astronomers find a rare black hole that defies current theories

<div class="videoWrapper trancodeVideo"><iframe allowfullscreen="" autoplay="1" class="includeVideo" frameborder="0" height="350" src="https://www.wionews.com/videos/astronomers-find-a-rare-black-hole-that-defies-current-theories-758816/embed" style="width:100%;max-width:560px;" width="560"></iframe></div>

"This discovery shows that their effects can extend much farther out than we thought," he added.

Pophyrion was discovered by scientists using the LOw Frequency ARray (LOFAR) radio telescope.&nbsp;

"Giant jets were known before we started the campaign, but we had no idea that there would turn out to be so many," said Hardcastle.&nbsp;

"Usually, when we get a new observational capability, such as LOFAR's combination of wide field of view and very high sensitivity to extended structures, we find something new, but it was still very exciting to see so many of these objects emerging," he added.

(With inputs from agencies)

In a stunning discovery, astronomers spotted the eruption of the largest twin jets from a black hole that can stretch for around 23 million light-years, which is equivalent to lined-up 140 Milky Way galaxies.

In a stunning discovery, astronomers spotted the eruption of the largest twin jets from a black hole that can stretch for around 23 million light-years, which is equivalent to lined-up 140 Milky Way galaxies. The scientists saw the jets erupting from the heart of a supermassive black hole, which is located nearly 7.5 billion light-years away. The jets which blasted out from the black hole released trillions of times more energy every second compared to our Sun. "We've known about these structures made by jets from galactic-centre supermassive black holes for a long time, but this particular one stands out for three reasons," said team member Martin Hardcastle of the University of Hertfordshire, while speaking to Space.com. Also Read: A 'primordial' black hole will pass through our solar system every 10 years. Will it harm? "First, it's the largest yet, at over 20 million light years from end to end, which means it goes from the centre of its parent galaxy right out into the void between galaxies and galaxy groups," he added. "Secondly, it's one of the most powerful we know about, with a fast rate of matter infall onto the black hole. And finally, it is found when the universe was only roughly half of its present age, and is thought to have been a much more violent place with much more going on that could have disrupted the jets," Hardcastle said. Scientists name the powerful jets 'Porphyrion' The scientists, along with the team which discovered the megastructure, gave the gigantic jets a suitable mythic name, "Porphyrion," which was borrowed from Greek mythology. According to the researchers, such an outflow of jets is likely to have played an important role in the evolution of galaxies in the early universe. "Astronomers believe that galaxies and their central black holes co-evolve, and one key aspect of this is that jets can spread huge amounts of energy that affect the growth of their host galaxies and other galaxies near them," said team member George Djorgovski, professor of astronomy and data science at the California Institute of Technology (Caltech), in a statement. Watch: Astronomers find a rare black hole that defies current theories "This discovery shows that their effects can extend much farther out than we thought," he added. Pophyrion was discovered by scientists using the LOw Frequency ARray (LOFAR) radio telescope. "Giant jets were known before we started the campaign, but we had no idea that there would turn out to be so many," said Hardcastle. "Usually, when we get a new observational capability, such as LOFAR's combination of wide field of view and very high sensitivity to extended structures, we find something new, but it was still very exciting to see so many of these objects emerging," he added. (With inputs from agencies)

Largest twin jets erupt from a black hole, can stretch for 23 million light-years

Amid increasing heat waves due to climate change that is increasingly posing a threat to life, researchers warn of a "life or death" situation for major cities should the planet turn 3 degrees Celsius warmer than pre-industrial levels.

The research shared by scientists at the World Resources Institute (WRI) reveals what could happen in nearly 1,000 big cities if the temperature&nbsp;keeps warming at current rates. Over 2.1 billion are likely to be affected adversely in these cities.

Scientists cautioned on Thursday that heatwaves are expected to become more frequent with longer duration. The demand for air conditioners would rise, just as widespread illnesses would increase.&nbsp;

"At 3 degrees C of warming, many cities could face month-long heatwaves, skyrocketing energy demand for air conditioning, as well as a shifting risk for insect-borne diseases — sometimes simultaneously," the authors wrote.

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/scientists-have-found-more-than-3600-food-packaging-chemicals-in-human-bodies-759810">Scientists have found more than 3,600 food packaging chemicals in human bodies</a>

In 2005, global warming was limited to 1.5 degrees Celsius after 200 nations agreed in Paris to prevent the catastrophic consequences of climate change. According to the latest UN assessments, the cap today would be at 2.9 degrees Celsius to combat climate change.

"The difference between 1.5 degrees C and 3 degrees C has life-or-death consequences for billions of people worldwide," said Rogier van den Berg of WRI, an America-based think tank.

<h2>Low-income nations to be more exposed</h2>

The report highlights that fast-growing cities in low-income nations would face the worst consequences of rising temperatures. Poorest cities remain more exposed as they lack the means to adapt to rising temperatures.

"People living in low-income cities will be the hardest hit," says the report.

It is predicted that two-thirds of the world's population will reside in cities by 2050. Out of which 90 per cent growth will be seen in African and Asian countries.

<h2>Dire consequences</h2>

WRI estimated that the longest heatwaves in large cities could prolong to 16.3 days on average every year if the global temperatures rise by 1.5 degrees Celsius. However, they could go on to 24.5 days in a scenario where the average increase is 3 degrees Celsius.&nbsp;

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/global-superbug-crisis-40-million-lives-at-risk-over-next-25-years-warns-study-759317">Global superbug crisis: 40 million lives at risk over next 25 years, warns study</a>

The frequency of heatwaves is also likely to increase from 4.9 to 6.4 on average in a year, which would lead to a massive surge in the demand for air conditioning and energy.

Hotter cities will also provide ideal conditions for mosquitoes, which carry life-threatening arboviruses. The researchers predict that the risk of arbovirus will remain in major cities of Brazil for at least six months at 3 degrees Celsius increased temperatures.

While the number of peak malaria days would likely reduce across the world, the temperate zones in Europe and North America could experience a rise.

Sub-Saharan African capital cities like Dakar, Freetown, and others "could suffer heatwaves of more than a month" seven times a year on average.

"This data should serve as a wakeup call... now is the time to start preparing cities for a much hotter world while doing everything we can to slash emissions," said van den Berg.

(With inputs from agencies)

Amid increasing heat waves due to climate change that is increasingly posing a threat to life, researchers warn of a "life or death" situation for major cities should the planet turn 3 degrees Celsius warmer than pre-industrial levels.

Amid increasing heat waves due to climate change that is increasingly posing a threat to life, researchers warn of a "life or death" situation for major cities should the planet turn 3 degrees Celsius warmer than pre-industrial levels. The research shared by scientists at the World Resources Institute (WRI) reveals what could happen in nearly 1,000 big cities if the temperature keeps warming at current rates. Over 2.1 billion are likely to be affected adversely in these cities. Scientists cautioned on Thursday that heatwaves are expected to become more frequent with longer duration. The demand for air conditioners would rise, just as widespread illnesses would increase. "At 3 degrees C of warming, many cities could face month-long heatwaves, skyrocketing energy demand for air conditioning, as well as a shifting risk for insect-borne diseases — sometimes simultaneously," the authors wrote. Also read | Scientists have found more than 3,600 food packaging chemicals in human bodies In 2005, global warming was limited to 1.5 degrees Celsius after 200 nations agreed in Paris to prevent the catastrophic consequences of climate change. According to the latest UN assessments, the cap today would be at 2.9 degrees Celsius to combat climate change. "The difference between 1.5 degrees C and 3 degrees C has life-or-death consequences for billions of people worldwide," said Rogier van den Berg of WRI, an America-based think tank. Low-income nations to be more exposed The report highlights that fast-growing cities in low-income nations would face the worst consequences of rising temperatures. Poorest cities remain more exposed as they lack the means to adapt to rising temperatures. "People living in low-income cities will be the hardest hit," says the report. It is predicted that two-thirds of the world's population will reside in cities by 2050. Out of which 90 per cent growth will be seen in African and Asian countries. Dire consequences WRI estimated that the longest heatwaves in large cities could prolong to 16.3 days on average every year if the global temperatures rise by 1.5 degrees Celsius. However, they could go on to 24.5 days in a scenario where the average increase is 3 degrees Celsius. Also read | Global superbug crisis: 40 million lives at risk over next 25 years, warns study The frequency of heatwaves is also likely to increase from 4.9 to 6.4 on average in a year, which would lead to a massive surge in the demand for air conditioning and energy. Hotter cities will also provide ideal conditions for mosquitoes, which carry life-threatening arboviruses. The researchers predict that the risk of arbovirus will remain in major cities of Brazil for at least six months at 3 degrees Celsius increased temperatures. While the number of peak malaria days would likely reduce across the world, the temperate zones in Europe and North America could experience a rise. Sub-Saharan African capital cities like Dakar, Freetown, and others "could suffer heatwaves of more than a month" seven times a year on average. "This data should serve as a wakeup call... now is the time to start preparing cities for a much hotter world while doing everything we can to slash emissions," said van den Berg. (With inputs from agencies)

Big cities likely to witness catastrophic heatwaves should planet warm 3 degrees: Study

Three woolly rhinoceros mummies have been unearthed from Yakutia, or the Sakha Republic, in northeastern Russia. The discovery was revealed by Gennady Boeskorov and his colleagues in a paper published in the journal Doklady Earth Sciences in July this year.&nbsp;

The three of them are vastly different in age and preservation, with one of them being new to science, the paper says.&nbsp;

Boeskorov is a senior researcher at the Diamond and Precious Metals Geology Institute, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. He is also a professor at the North-Eastern Federal University in Yakutsk.&nbsp;

They say that while woolly rhino fossils are abundant, their mummies are exceedingly rare. Only a handful of nearly complete woolly rhinos have been found to date, Ars Technica reported.

Woolly rhinos (Coelodonta antiquitatis) lived in Eurasia during the Pleistocene period when the most recent glacial expansion occurred. They were stocky, long-haired, and had two horns. They lived at the same time as the woolly mammoths and were the second-most largest animals in this ecosystem.&nbsp;

<h2>Two juvenile rhino mummies</h2>

The most well-preserved of the three mummies is of Sasha, the first complete baby woolly rhino ever discovered. It still has its fluffy strawberry-blonde head, a couple of legs, and much of its fluffy torso. While the gender could not be ascertained, researchers say that Sasha was between 12 and 18 months old at the time of its death, based on its teeth and the sutures within its skull.

"We’ve learned a great deal from their bones; we’re learning even more thanks to their mummies. Being able to directly observe their hair and skin, for example, offers more evidence regarding just how well-adapted these animals were to their harsh environment," Boeskorov says.

Also Read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/global-superbug-crisis-40-million-lives-at-risk-over-next-25-years-warns-study-759317">Global superbug crisis: 40 million lives at risk over next 25 years, warns study</a>

Its frontal horn is worn out, possibly because of “rubbing against its mother’s belly” while nursing, scientists suggested in 2015. This rhino, found in 2014, likely drowned in mud.

The second mummy, discovered in 2020, is missing much of one side of its body, including most of the intestines. The other side still has skin, some hair, and soft tissues. It was discovered in Yakutia’s Abyisky District in 2020 and so was nicknamed the “Abyisky rhinoceros”. It was likely 4 to 4.5 years of age at the time of its death and was also found along the banks of a river.

<h2>Oldest mummy</h2>

The oldest of the three mummies is the Kolyma mummy, which was uncovered in 2007 in a Kolyma gold mine. It was female, the presence of udder and nipples suggests. It likely fell into and was trapped within a confined space. Only one side of her body is preserved. The transverse stripes on her horn, along with teeth, skull, and height, suggest she was about 20 years of age at the time of her death.

What has fascinated scientists the most is the presence of a fatty hump on the back of the Abyisky woolly rhino. He told Ars Technica that it likely &nbsp;served as an "additional reservoir of nutrients.” Since a hump has never been seen before on any of the woolly rhino mummies, Boeskorov thinks it might have only developed closer to winter for fat storage.&nbsp;

Three woolly rhinoceros mummies have been unearthed from Yakutia, or the Sakha Republic, in northeastern Russia. The discovery was revealed by Gennady Boeskorov and his colleagues in a paper published in the journal Doklady Earth Sciences in July this year.

Three woolly rhinoceros mummies have been unearthed from Yakutia, or the Sakha Republic, in northeastern Russia. The discovery was revealed by Gennady Boeskorov and his colleagues in a paper published in the journal Doklady Earth Sciences in July this year. The three of them are vastly different in age and preservation, with one of them being new to science, the paper says. Boeskorov is a senior researcher at the Diamond and Precious Metals Geology Institute, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. He is also a professor at the North-Eastern Federal University in Yakutsk. They say that while woolly rhino fossils are abundant, their mummies are exceedingly rare. Only a handful of nearly complete woolly rhinos have been found to date, Ars Technica reported. Woolly rhinos (Coelodonta antiquitatis) lived in Eurasia during the Pleistocene period when the most recent glacial expansion occurred. They were stocky, long-haired, and had two horns. They lived at the same time as the woolly mammoths and were the second-most largest animals in this ecosystem. Two juvenile rhino mummies The most well-preserved of the three mummies is of Sasha, the first complete baby woolly rhino ever discovered. It still has its fluffy strawberry-blonde head, a couple of legs, and much of its fluffy torso. While the gender could not be ascertained, researchers say that Sasha was between 12 and 18 months old at the time of its death, based on its teeth and the sutures within its skull. "We’ve learned a great deal from their bones; we’re learning even more thanks to their mummies. Being able to directly observe their hair and skin, for example, offers more evidence regarding just how well-adapted these animals were to their harsh environment," Boeskorov says. Also Read: Global superbug crisis: 40 million lives at risk over next 25 years, warns study Its frontal horn is worn out, possibly because of “rubbing against its mother’s belly” while nursing, scientists suggested in 2015. This rhino, found in 2014, likely drowned in mud. The second mummy, discovered in 2020, is missing much of one side of its body, including most of the intestines. The other side still has skin, some hair, and soft tissues. It was discovered in Yakutia’s Abyisky District in 2020 and so was nicknamed the “Abyisky rhinoceros”. It was likely 4 to 4.5 years of age at the time of its death and was also found along the banks of a river. Oldest mummy The oldest of the three mummies is the Kolyma mummy, which was uncovered in 2007 in a Kolyma gold mine. It was female, the presence of udder and nipples suggests. It likely fell into and was trapped within a confined space. Only one side of her body is preserved. The transverse stripes on her horn, along with teeth, skull, and height, suggest she was about 20 years of age at the time of her death. What has fascinated scientists the most is the presence of a fatty hump on the back of the Abyisky woolly rhino. He told Ars Technica that it likely served as an "additional reservoir of nutrients.” Since a hump has never been seen before on any of the woolly rhino mummies, Boeskorov thinks it might have only developed closer to winter for fat storage.

Woolly rhino mummy found in Russian Far East confirms a feature seen in cave art

Mars has some unique characteristics, and one of the most peculiar features is its odd shape. Unlike other planets in the solar system, it has a triaxial shape, which means it is of a different size along three axes. Now an astronomer has tried to explain why this is so. He has hypothesised that Mars is missing a moon it once likely had.

Michael Efroimsky talks about the theory in a paper published on the arXiv preprint server.

Mars also hosts some impressive geographical features, such as the tallest mountains in the solar system and the biggest canyon. The Tharsis bulge, situated near the planet's equator, is another thing that has stumped scientists. It is a unique highland that bulges oddly out of the surface. The Tharsis bulge is approximately 5,000 kilometres across, but its origin is not known.

Efroimsky, in his paper, suggests that all of these strange features Mars has are most likely because of a long lost moon. He has named this moon Nerio.

Nerio he says must have exerted an enormous pull on the red planet's surface. This is considering even if it was a third the size of our moon. Since during the early days the surface was still soft, Nerio probably pulled up material due to a synchronous orbit. Years later as it cooled down, the material that was pulled up also settled in the same place, creating a permanent bulge.

Also Read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/cosmic-giant-300-light-years-away-in-great-bear-is-11-times-more-massive-than-jupiter-759348">Cosmic giant 300 light-years away in Great Bear is 11 times more massive than Jupiter</a>

The bulge created equatorial ellipticity, and so the planet has a triaxial shape. Efroimsky also blames the same occurrence for the birth of volcanoes on Mars, making it extremely prone to volcanic activity, and thus the development of highlands on the opposite side of the Tharsis bulge.

<h2>So, what happened to Nerio?</h2>

If the entire theory is true, then where is Nerio? Talking about what happened to Nerio, Efroimsky suggests that Mars's current two moons - Phobos and Deimos - &nbsp;might have been the remnants of the long-lost moon. He says it might have been hit and destroyed by another large body, leaving behind the two moons.&nbsp;

Another likely scenario might have been that it simply wandered away and left the solar system, mostly because of the pull of some other body.&nbsp;

Mars has some unique characteristics, and one of the most peculiar features is its odd shape. Unlike other planets in the solar system, it has a triaxial shape, which means it is of a different size along three axes.

Mars has some unique characteristics, and one of the most peculiar features is its odd shape. Unlike other planets in the solar system, it has a triaxial shape, which means it is of a different size along three axes. Now an astronomer has tried to explain why this is so. He has hypothesised that Mars is missing a moon it once likely had. Michael Efroimsky talks about the theory in a paper published on the arXiv preprint server. Mars also hosts some impressive geographical features, such as the tallest mountains in the solar system and the biggest canyon. The Tharsis bulge, situated near the planet's equator, is another thing that has stumped scientists. It is a unique highland that bulges oddly out of the surface. The Tharsis bulge is approximately 5,000 kilometres across, but its origin is not known. Efroimsky, in his paper, suggests that all of these strange features Mars has are most likely because of a long lost moon. He has named this moon Nerio. Nerio he says must have exerted an enormous pull on the red planet's surface. This is considering even if it was a third the size of our moon. Since during the early days the surface was still soft, Nerio probably pulled up material due to a synchronous orbit. Years later as it cooled down, the material that was pulled up also settled in the same place, creating a permanent bulge. Also Read: Cosmic giant 300 light-years away in Great Bear is 11 times more massive than Jupiter The bulge created equatorial ellipticity, and so the planet has a triaxial shape. Efroimsky also blames the same occurrence for the birth of volcanoes on Mars, making it extremely prone to volcanic activity, and thus the development of highlands on the opposite side of the Tharsis bulge. So, what happened to Nerio? If the entire theory is true, then where is Nerio? Talking about what happened to Nerio, Efroimsky suggests that Mars's current two moons - Phobos and Deimos - might have been the remnants of the long-lost moon. He says it might have been hit and destroyed by another large body, leaving behind the two moons. Another likely scenario might have been that it simply wandered away and left the solar system, mostly because of the pull of some other body.

Is Mars missing a moon? Astronomer says Nerio might have created a strange bulge

Vincent van Gogh's popular painting "The Starry Night" is widely celebrated for its artistic style, symbolism and for being a cultural icon.&nbsp;

Regarded as one of the greatest post-impressionist painters, scientists now have also determined that the crown jewel of Van Gogh's artwork is also scientifically accurate and abides closely by the laws of physics. &nbsp;

According to experts in China and France who closely examined the picture, the "hidden turbulence" in the depiction of the night sky closely resembled that of the turbulence seen in nature.&nbsp;

The painting prominently features a swirling blue sky with yellow moons and stars seen from Van Gogh's Saint-Remy-de-Provence asylum in southern France. Two cypress trees dominate the foreground on the left, while a village sits in the distance on the lower right.

<h2>Van Gogh's Starry Night follows Kolmogorov’s law</h2>

The researchers concluded that the picture obeys Kolmogorov’s law, which predicts atmospheric movement and scale according to measured inertial energy.

“With a high-resolution digital picture, we were able to measure precisely the typical size of the brushstrokes and compare these to the scales expected from turbulence theories,” said study co-author Yongxiang Huang of the State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science at Xiamen University in China.

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Yongxiang stated that the Dutch master's work "reveals a deep and intuitive understanding of natural phenomena" which he probably would have learnt by studying the movement of clouds and atmosphere.&nbsp;

The relative scale and spacing of his whirling brush strokes may have given the said effect.&nbsp;

“Van Gogh’s precise representation of turbulence might be from studying the movement of clouds and the atmosphere or an innate sense of how to capture the dynamism of the sky," Huang said.

The researchers also analysed the bright light-like reflections in the painting and discovered that it closely aligned with another Physics theory, Batchelor's scaling, which essentially describes the smallest fluctuations in turbulence before it dissipates.&nbsp;

“Vincent van Gogh, as one of the most notable painters, had a very careful observation of turbulent flows: he was able to reproduce not only the size of whirls/eddies, but also their relative distance and intensity in his painting," the researcher wrote in the study.

(With inputs from agencies)

Vincent van Gogh's popular painting "The Starry Night" is widely celebrated for its artistic style, symbolism and for being a cultural icon. Regarded as one of the greatest post-impressionist painters, scientists now have also determined that the crown jewel of Van Gogh's artwork is also scientifically accurate and abides closely by the laws of physics.

Vincent van Gogh's popular painting "The Starry Night" is widely celebrated for its artistic style, symbolism and for being a cultural icon. Regarded as one of the greatest post-impressionist painters, scientists now have also determined that the crown jewel of Van Gogh's artwork is also scientifically accurate and abides closely by the laws of physics. According to experts in China and France who closely examined the picture, the "hidden turbulence" in the depiction of the night sky closely resembled that of the turbulence seen in nature. The painting prominently features a swirling blue sky with yellow moons and stars seen from Van Gogh's Saint-Remy-de-Provence asylum in southern France. Two cypress trees dominate the foreground on the left, while a village sits in the distance on the lower right. Van Gogh's Starry Night follows Kolmogorov’s law The researchers concluded that the picture obeys Kolmogorov’s law, which predicts atmospheric movement and scale according to measured inertial energy. “With a high-resolution digital picture, we were able to measure precisely the typical size of the brushstrokes and compare these to the scales expected from turbulence theories,” said study co-author Yongxiang Huang of the State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science at Xiamen University in China. Also Read: Van Gogh's Starry Night recreated as park in Bosnian hills Yongxiang stated that the Dutch master's work "reveals a deep and intuitive understanding of natural phenomena" which he probably would have learnt by studying the movement of clouds and atmosphere. The relative scale and spacing of his whirling brush strokes may have given the said effect. “Van Gogh’s precise representation of turbulence might be from studying the movement of clouds and the atmosphere or an innate sense of how to capture the dynamism of the sky," Huang said. The researchers also analysed the bright light-like reflections in the painting and discovered that it closely aligned with another Physics theory, Batchelor's scaling, which essentially describes the smallest fluctuations in turbulence before it dissipates. “Vincent van Gogh, as one of the most notable painters, had a very careful observation of turbulent flows: he was able to reproduce not only the size of whirls/eddies, but also their relative distance and intensity in his painting," the researcher wrote in the study. (With inputs from agencies)

Van Gogh's Starry Night has real-world physics hidden in it. Here's what it is

In a new research carried out by Binghamton University, the scientists discovered a scuba-diving tropical lizard called the&nbsp;Anolis aquaticus, which can breathe underwater and release special bubbles through its nostrils that cling to its head.

In the observational study published in&nbsp;Biology Letters, senior author Lindsey Swierk stated that water anoles&nbsp;have been well-documented.&nbsp;

“We know that they can stay underwater for a really long time, that they’re pulling oxygen from this bubble of air,” said Swierk.&nbsp;

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“We didn’t know whether there was actually any functional role for this bubble in respiration. Is it something that lizards do that is just a side effect of their skin’s properties or a respiratory reflex, or is this bubble actually allowing them to stay underwater longer than they would, say, without a bubble?" she added.

<h2>Here's how researchers discovered tropical lizards</h2>

Swierk explained how an experiment was carried out to understand the intriguing mechanism of the tropical lizards.

She said that the anoles are “kind of like the chicken nuggets of the forest.”&nbsp;

The water anoles need to avoid the danger that comes from the skies and the ground. For this, they need to develop an impressive strategy which allows them to push themselves in the water till the time there is no threat.

In a press release, Swierk said that camouflaged water anole is able to hide underwater with the help of air bubbles.

Swierk has not been able to confirm if the bubble was a by-product of a respiratory function or if the lizards can breathe underwater.&nbsp;

Emollient&nbsp;was applied to the skin of the lizard to stop the bubble from sticking to its head to understand the role of this air bubble.

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“Lizard skin is hydrophobic. Typically, that allows air to stick very tightly to the skin and permits this bubble to form. But when you cover the skin with an emollient, air no longer sticks to the skin surface, so the bubbles can’t form,” said Swierk.

“This is really significant because this is the first experiment that truly shows the adaptive significance of bubbles. Rebreathing bubbles allow&nbsp;lizards&nbsp;to stay underwater longer. Before, we suspected it – we saw a pattern – but we didn’t actually test if it served a functional role,” she added.

The study further stated that air bubbles help the reptile stay underwater for a longer duration.&nbsp;

"Anoles are kind of like the chicken nuggets of the forest. Birds eat them, snakes eat them. So by jumping in the water, they can escape a lot of their predators, and they remain very still underwater. They're pretty well camouflaged underwater as well, and they just stay underwater until that danger passes. We know that they can stay underwater at least about 20 minutes, but probably longer," she said.

(With inputs from agencies)

In a new research carried out by Binghamton University, the scientists discovered a scuba-diving tropical lizard called the Anolis aquaticus, which can breathe underwater and release special bubbles through its nostrils that cling to its head.

In a new research carried out by Binghamton University, the scientists discovered a scuba-diving tropical lizard called the Anolis aquaticus, which can breathe underwater and release special bubbles through its nostrils that cling to its head. In the observational study published in Biology Letters, senior author Lindsey Swierk stated that water anoles have been well-documented. “We know that they can stay underwater for a really long time, that they’re pulling oxygen from this bubble of air,” said Swierk. Also Read: 26,000-year-old human, animal footprints unearthed in Spain. It once was a settlement of... “We didn’t know whether there was actually any functional role for this bubble in respiration. Is it something that lizards do that is just a side effect of their skin’s properties or a respiratory reflex, or is this bubble actually allowing them to stay underwater longer than they would, say, without a bubble?" she added. Here's how researchers discovered tropical lizards Swierk explained how an experiment was carried out to understand the intriguing mechanism of the tropical lizards. She said that the anoles are “kind of like the chicken nuggets of the forest.” The water anoles need to avoid the danger that comes from the skies and the ground. For this, they need to develop an impressive strategy which allows them to push themselves in the water till the time there is no threat. In a press release, Swierk said that camouflaged water anole is able to hide underwater with the help of air bubbles. Swierk has not been able to confirm if the bubble was a by-product of a respiratory function or if the lizards can breathe underwater. Emollient was applied to the skin of the lizard to stop the bubble from sticking to its head to understand the role of this air bubble. Also Read: Namibia to cull over 700 elephants, hippos and other animals for meat. Here's why “Lizard skin is hydrophobic. Typically, that allows air to stick very tightly to the skin and permits this bubble to form. But when you cover the skin with an emollient, air no longer sticks to the skin surface, so the bubbles can’t form,” said Swierk. “This is really significant because this is the first experiment that truly shows the adaptive significance of bubbles. Rebreathing bubbles allow lizards to stay underwater longer. Before, we suspected it – we saw a pattern – but we didn’t actually test if it served a functional role,” she added. The study further stated that air bubbles help the reptile stay underwater for a longer duration. "Anoles are kind of like the chicken nuggets of the forest. Birds eat them, snakes eat them. So by jumping in the water, they can escape a lot of their predators, and they remain very still underwater. They're pretty well camouflaged underwater as well, and they just stay underwater until that danger passes. We know that they can stay underwater at least about 20 minutes, but probably longer," she said. (With inputs from agencies)

US has scuba-diving tropical lizards that breathe underwater, release bubbles through nostrils

More than 3,600 chemicals used in food packaging or preparation have been detected in human bodies, according to a study published on Tuesday (Sep 17). Some are said to be&nbsp;hazardous to health, while very little is known about others.&nbsp;

<meta charset="utf-8" />

The lead study author, Birgit Geueke from the Food Packaging Forum Foundation, said that around 100 of these chemicals are considered a high concern to human health. Some of these chemicals, like PFAS and bisphenol A, are relatively well-studied and have already been found in human bodies.&nbsp;Both of these chemicals have been&nbsp;targeted by bans.&nbsp;

Geueke told news agency AFP that less information is known about the health effects of other chemicals and has asked for more research into how chemicals used for packaging are being swallowed with food. The researchers had previously said there were&nbsp;about 14,000 food contact chemicals (FCCs) chemicals, which can migrate into the food from packaging made of paper, glass, metal, or plastic. The chemicals can also come from other parts of the preparation project, such as utensils or conveyor belts.&nbsp;

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The researchers searched for these chemicals in existing biomonitoring databases, and the team was expecting to find a few hundred FFCs, but they were shocked to find 3,601 – a quarter of all the existing FFCs.&nbsp;The lead author of the study&nbsp;emphasised that the research&nbsp;could not conclude that all these chemicals necessarily ended up in human bodies from food packaging, other exposure sources can also be responsible for this.&nbsp;

Bisphenol A, a hormone-disrupting chemical which is used to make plastics, was also&nbsp;found. The chemical in question is already banned from baby bottles in many countries.

Another chemical found is phthalates, which is linked to infertility. There is very little information about oligomers, the byproducts of plastic production. Geueke said: "There is almost no evidence on the health effects of these chemicals.”&nbsp;

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<h2>Limitations of the study</h2>

Geueke acknowledged that the limitation of the study was that it could not say whether there were high concentrations of any of the chemicals. However, she warned that these chemicals migrate from plastic to food, pointing to a single sample that had up to 30 different chemicals.

The study is published in the Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology.

(With inputs from agencies)

More than 3,600 chemicals used in food packaging or preparation have been detected in human bodies, according to a study published on Tuesday (Sep 17). Some are said to be hazardous to health, while very little is known about others.

More than 3,600 chemicals used in food packaging or preparation have been detected in human bodies, according to a study published on Tuesday (Sep 17). Some are said to be hazardous to health, while very little is known about others. The lead study author, Birgit Geueke from the Food Packaging Forum Foundation, said that around 100 of these chemicals are considered a high concern to human health. Some of these chemicals, like PFAS and bisphenol A, are relatively well-studied and have already been found in human bodies. Both of these chemicals have been targeted by bans. Geueke told news agency AFP that less information is known about the health effects of other chemicals and has asked for more research into how chemicals used for packaging are being swallowed with food. The researchers had previously said there were about 14,000 food contact chemicals (FCCs) chemicals, which can migrate into the food from packaging made of paper, glass, metal, or plastic. The chemicals can also come from other parts of the preparation project, such as utensils or conveyor belts. Also Read | Israel-Hamas war: Gaza ministry releases 649 page list of Palestinian victims The researchers searched for these chemicals in existing biomonitoring databases, and the team was expecting to find a few hundred FFCs, but they were shocked to find 3,601 – a quarter of all the existing FFCs. The lead author of the study emphasised that the research could not conclude that all these chemicals necessarily ended up in human bodies from food packaging, other exposure sources can also be responsible for this. Bisphenol A, a hormone-disrupting chemical which is used to make plastics, was also found. The chemical in question is already banned from baby bottles in many countries. Another chemical found is phthalates, which is linked to infertility. There is very little information about oligomers, the byproducts of plastic production. Geueke said: "There is almost no evidence on the health effects of these chemicals.” Also Read | Donald Trump says will meet 'fantastic' Indian PM Narendra Modi next week Limitations of the study Geueke acknowledged that the limitation of the study was that it could not say whether there were high concentrations of any of the chemicals. However, she warned that these chemicals migrate from plastic to food, pointing to a single sample that had up to 30 different chemicals. The study is published in the Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology. (With inputs from agencies)

Scientists have found more than 3,600 food packaging chemicals in human bodies

NASA found the 'most lunar-like' place on Earth to prepare the crew for the first journey to the moon after more than half a century as part of the Artemis II.

The country chosen for this task was Iceland which has rugged terrain similar to the lunar surface.

NASA astronauts Reid Wiseman, Victor Glover, and Christina Koch, along with Canadian Space Agency (CSA) astronaut Jeremy Hansen and backup crew members NASA astronaut Andre Douglas and CSA astronaut Jenni Gibbons hiked across the country.&nbsp;

"Apollo astronauts said Iceland was one of the most lunar-like training locations that they went to in their training," said Cindy Evans, Artemis geology training lead at NASA's Johnson Space Center in Houston, in a statement.&nbsp;

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"It has lunar-like planetary processes—in this case, volcanism. It has the landscape; it looks like the Moon. And it has the scale of features astronauts will both be observing and exploring on the Moon," he added.&nbsp;

<h2>How has Iceland become the 'most lunar-like' place for NASA?</h2>

According to NASA, the landscape of Iceland is filled with lava fields, volcanic craters, and barren, rocky terrain which has a resemblance with the lunar surface.&nbsp;

Special rocks like breccias and basalts, which are found on the lunar surface, are also present in Iceland because of the intense volcanic activity of the country.&nbsp;

Iceland's geology helps astronauts practice working in terrains similar to those on the moon and get trained in techniques used for identifying, collecting, and documenting rocks and soil samples with the help of specially designed tools.

The astronaut crew also worked on their navigation skills and spent time living and working together like they would in space.

"The tools we used during the Apollo missions haven't changed that much for what we're planning for the Artemis missions," said Trevor Graff, exploration geologist and the hardware and testing lead on the Artemis science team at NASA Johnson, in the statement.&nbsp;

Watch:&nbsp;NASA to return Boeing Starliner astronauts on Spacex Crew Dragon&nbsp;

<div class="videoWrapper trancodeVideo"><iframe allowfullscreen="" autoplay="1" class="includeVideo" frameborder="0" height="350" src="https://www.wionews.com/videos/nasa-to-return-boeing-starliner-astronauts-on-spacex-crew-dragon-gravitas-753526/embed" style="width:100%;max-width:560px;" width="560"></iframe></div>

"Traditionally, a geologist goes out with just standard tool sets of things like rock hammers and scoops or shovels to sample the world around them, both on the surface and subsurface," he added.&nbsp;

Humans will go back to the lunar surface for the first time after 1972 as part of Artemis III.

As part of the mission, the astronauts will land near the lunar South Pole and will spend nearly a week conducting scientific research on the lunar surface.&nbsp;

According to NASA, the mission will launch "no earlier than Sept. 2026."

"There's really transformational science that we can learn by getting boots back on the Moon, getting samples back, and being able to do field geology with trained astronauts on the surface," said Angela Garcia, who is an exploration geologist and an Artemis II science officer at NASA Johnson.

(With inputs from agencies)

NASA found the 'most lunar-like' place on Earth to prepare the crew for the first journey to the moon after more than half a century as part of the Artemis II. The country chosen for this task was Iceland which has rugged terrain similar to the lunar surface.

NASA found the 'most lunar-like' place on Earth to prepare the crew for the first journey to the moon after more than half a century as part of the Artemis II. The country chosen for this task was Iceland which has rugged terrain similar to the lunar surface. NASA astronauts Reid Wiseman, Victor Glover, and Christina Koch, along with Canadian Space Agency (CSA) astronaut Jeremy Hansen and backup crew members NASA astronaut Andre Douglas and CSA astronaut Jenni Gibbons hiked across the country. "Apollo astronauts said Iceland was one of the most lunar-like training locations that they went to in their training," said Cindy Evans, Artemis geology training lead at NASA's Johnson Space Center in Houston, in a statement. Also Read: NASA just recreated 'spiders' seen on Mars in a lab on Earth "It has lunar-like planetary processes—in this case, volcanism. It has the landscape; it looks like the Moon. And it has the scale of features astronauts will both be observing and exploring on the Moon," he added. How has Iceland become the 'most lunar-like' place for NASA? According to NASA, the landscape of Iceland is filled with lava fields, volcanic craters, and barren, rocky terrain which has a resemblance with the lunar surface. Special rocks like breccias and basalts, which are found on the lunar surface, are also present in Iceland because of the intense volcanic activity of the country. Iceland's geology helps astronauts practice working in terrains similar to those on the moon and get trained in techniques used for identifying, collecting, and documenting rocks and soil samples with the help of specially designed tools. The astronaut crew also worked on their navigation skills and spent time living and working together like they would in space. "The tools we used during the Apollo missions haven't changed that much for what we're planning for the Artemis missions," said Trevor Graff, exploration geologist and the hardware and testing lead on the Artemis science team at NASA Johnson, in the statement. Watch: NASA to return Boeing Starliner astronauts on Spacex Crew Dragon "Traditionally, a geologist goes out with just standard tool sets of things like rock hammers and scoops or shovels to sample the world around them, both on the surface and subsurface," he added. Humans will go back to the lunar surface for the first time after 1972 as part of Artemis III. As part of the mission, the astronauts will land near the lunar South Pole and will spend nearly a week conducting scientific research on the lunar surface. According to NASA, the mission will launch "no earlier than Sept. 2026." "There's really transformational science that we can learn by getting boots back on the Moon, getting samples back, and being able to do field geology with trained astronauts on the surface," said Angela Garcia, who is an exploration geologist and an Artemis II science officer at NASA Johnson. (With inputs from agencies)

NASA finalises 'most lunar-like' place on Earth to train crew for Artemis II. It was...

The brain-chip startup of Elon Musk's Neuralink&nbsp;has now announced Blindsight - an experimental vision-restoring implant - which will attempt to give vision to the blind.&nbsp;

The company announced that the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) on Tuesday (September 17) called Blindsight a “breakthrough device”.&nbsp;

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With this announcement, the device entered the group of cutting-edge medical technologies which have been designed for treating serious health conditions.

<h2>What is Neuralink’s Blindsight?</h2>

Blindsight is an attempt made by Neuralink to restore the lost vision of people, even in those cases where they have lost both eyes as well as their optic nerve.

Speaking about the device on X, Musk said that this breakthrough will “enable even those who have lost both eyes and their optic nerve to see.”

However, no announcement has been made by Neuralink on the timeline for human trials.

The Blindsight device will work by implanting a microelectrode array directly inside the brain's visual cortex.&nbsp;

The neurons are activated by the array on the basis of input from an external camera which creates a visual image.&nbsp;

Watch:&nbsp;Mind-controlled Chess move makes history at Paris Championship

<div class="videoWrapper trancodeVideo"><iframe allowfullscreen="" autoplay="1" class="includeVideo" frameborder="0" height="350" src="https://www.wionews.com/videos/mind-controlled-chess-move-makes-history-at-paris-championship-757932/embed" style="width:100%;max-width:560px;" width="560"></iframe></div>

In theory, this technology can also provide a type of artificial vision for people who have not seen at all in their entire lives and are born blind.

This is not the first time scientists have tried such a technology. In the past, similar devices have been used to support vision in partially sighted people.

Neuralink, however, stands different from other brain-computer interface projects in trying to add more electrodes to the implant which has the possibility of increasing the vividness of the vision of the user.&nbsp;

But how much vision would Blindsight actually restore is still a question.&nbsp;

(With inputs from agencies)

The brain-chip startup of Elon Musk's Neuralink has now announced Blindsight - an experimental vision-restoring implant - which will attempt to give vision to the blind.

The brain-chip startup of Elon Musk's Neuralink has now announced Blindsight - an experimental vision-restoring implant - which will attempt to give vision to the blind. The company announced that the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) on Tuesday (September 17) called Blindsight a “breakthrough device”. Also Read: Elon Musk's Neuralink successfully implants brain chip in second patient With this announcement, the device entered the group of cutting-edge medical technologies which have been designed for treating serious health conditions. What is Neuralink’s Blindsight? Blindsight is an attempt made by Neuralink to restore the lost vision of people, even in those cases where they have lost both eyes as well as their optic nerve. Speaking about the device on X, Musk said that this breakthrough will “enable even those who have lost both eyes and their optic nerve to see.” However, no announcement has been made by Neuralink on the timeline for human trials. The Blindsight device will work by implanting a microelectrode array directly inside the brain's visual cortex. The neurons are activated by the array on the basis of input from an external camera which creates a visual image. Watch: Mind-controlled Chess move makes history at Paris Championship In theory, this technology can also provide a type of artificial vision for people who have not seen at all in their entire lives and are born blind. This is not the first time scientists have tried such a technology. In the past, similar devices have been used to support vision in partially sighted people. Neuralink, however, stands different from other brain-computer interface projects in trying to add more electrodes to the implant which has the possibility of increasing the vividness of the vision of the user. But how much vision would Blindsight actually restore is still a question. (With inputs from agencies)

Musk’s Neuralink announces Blindsight to provide vision to blind, gets FDA's approval

Scientists have suggested that a tiny black hole is likely to pass through our solar system after every decade and this can be spotted by observing the wobbling of Mars.

Scientists have suggested that a tiny black hole is likely to pass through our solar system after every decade and this can be spotted by observing the wobbling of Mars. This observation was on the basis of the idea that the majority of dark matter in the universe is filled with minuscule black holes. The researchers, in order to determine the truth of this theory, have been closely observing the orbit of Mars. According to a new paper published in the journal Physical Review D, the tiny black holes when travelling through the solar system can make the red planet wobble in a way that it can be spotted from Earth. "Given decades of precision telemetry, scientists know the distance between Earth and Mars to an accuracy of about 10 centimetres [4 inches]," said study co-author David Kaiser, professor of physics at MIT, in a statement. "We're taking advantage of this highly instrumented region of space to try and look for a small effect. If we see it, that would count as a real reason to keep pursuing this delightful idea that all of dark matter consists of black holes that were spawned in less than a second after the Big Bang and have been streaming around the universe for 14 billion years," he added. Also Read: Mega collision with another galaxy 9 billion years ago created Milky Way black hole The researchers in the paper estimated one of these tiny black holes is likely to fly through our solar system one time in every decade. "Primordial black holes do not live in the solar system. Rather, they're streaming through the universe, doing their own thing," said paper co-author Sarah Geller, who is now a postdoc at the University of California at Santa Cruz, in the statement. "And the probability is, they're going through the inner solar system at some angle once every 10 years or so," he added. How do scientists plan to detect the passing of black holes? To detect these black holes, researchers have modelled every large body's orbits in the solar system and discovered that the tiny wobbles in the orbit of Mars can give a hint of the passing of asteroid-mass black holes. "State-of-the-art simulations of the solar system include more than a million objects, each of which has a tiny residual effect," said study co-author, Benjamin Lehmann, who is a researcher at MIT, in the statement. Watch: Astronomers find a rare black hole that defies current theories "But even modelling two dozen objects in a careful simulation, we could see there was a real effect that we could dig into," he added. Such wobbles will be detected by equipment on Earth. "We need as much clarity as we can of the expected backgrounds, such as the typical speeds and distributions of boring space rocks, versus these primordial black holes," said Kaiser. "Luckily for us, astronomers have been tracking ordinary space rocks for decades as they have flown through our solar system, so we could calculate typical properties of their trajectories and begin to compare them with the very different types of paths and speeds that primordial black holes should follow," he added. (With inputs from agencies)

A 'primordial' black hole will pass through our solar system every 10 years. Will it harm?

NASA has issued a warning as a 510-foot asteroid, named 2013 FW13, is hurtling towards Earth at a speed of 35,000 mph and is set to make a close passage by our planet.

The asteroid will be at a distance of 2 million miles from the planet on Wednesday (Sep&nbsp;18), as per NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory.

The astronomers in Hawaii first discovered this asteroid, which is 4.6 billion years old, in March 2013 and it will make its next&nbsp;close approach&nbsp;on March 27 when it will be 16 million miles away from Earth.

According to NASA, the asteroid which is larger than 492 feet and comes within 4.6 million miles of Earth has been termed a “potentially hazardous object".&nbsp;

Also Read:<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/asteroid-nearly-1500-feet-in-size-moving-towards-earth-at-26-times-the-speed-of-sound-758280">&nbsp;Asteroid nearly 1,500 feet in size moving towards Earth at 26 times the speed of sound</a>

Hence, NASA has been monitoring the asteroid's potential danger although the agency does not expect this space rock to pose any threat to Earth.&nbsp;

According to NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory, asteroid 2013 FW13 will pass by Earth at 2:30 a.m. EDT on Wednesday (Sep 18).&nbsp;

<h2>How does NASA keep an eye on any potential hazards to Earth?</h2>

The way Asteroid 2013 FW13 is moving towards Earth also reflects the importance of keeping a tab on space to detect any potential hazards.&nbsp; 
NASA’s Planetary Defence Coordination Office (PDCO) has been tracking such cosmic objects and ensuring that Earth remains safe.&nbsp;

The high speed at which the asteroid is travelling shows the solar system's dynamic nature.&nbsp;

Watch:&nbsp;SpaceX launches 'all civilian' Polaris mission: A new frontier in private space exploration

<div class="videoWrapper trancodeVideo"><iframe allowfullscreen="" autoplay="1" class="includeVideo" frameborder="0" height="350" src="https://www.wionews.com/videos/spacex-launches-all-civilian-polaris-mission-a-new-frontier-in-private-space-exploration-757593/embed" style="width:100%;max-width:560px;" width="560"></iframe></div>

Asteroids keep moving across space constantly and are influenced by the planets' gravitation pull.&nbsp;

The scientists can predict future trajectories by understanding their movements. It also helps in assessing potential risks.

(With inputs from agencies)

NASA has issued a warning as a 510-foot asteroid, named 2013 FW13, is hurtling towards Earth at a speed of 35,000 mph and is set to make a close passage by our planet.

NASA has issued a warning as a 510-foot asteroid, named 2013 FW13, is hurtling towards Earth at a speed of 35,000 mph and is set to make a close passage by our planet. The asteroid will be at a distance of 2 million miles from the planet on Wednesday (Sep 18), as per NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory. The astronomers in Hawaii first discovered this asteroid, which is 4.6 billion years old, in March 2013 and it will make its next close approach on March 27 when it will be 16 million miles away from Earth. According to NASA, the asteroid which is larger than 492 feet and comes within 4.6 million miles of Earth has been termed a “potentially hazardous object". Also Read: Asteroid nearly 1,500 feet in size moving towards Earth at 26 times the speed of sound Hence, NASA has been monitoring the asteroid's potential danger although the agency does not expect this space rock to pose any threat to Earth. According to NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory, asteroid 2013 FW13 will pass by Earth at 2:30 a.m. EDT on Wednesday (Sep 18). How does NASA keep an eye on any potential hazards to Earth? The way Asteroid 2013 FW13 is moving towards Earth also reflects the importance of keeping a tab on space to detect any potential hazards. NASA’s Planetary Defence Coordination Office (PDCO) has been tracking such cosmic objects and ensuring that Earth remains safe. The high speed at which the asteroid is travelling shows the solar system's dynamic nature. Watch: SpaceX launches 'all civilian' Polaris mission: A new frontier in private space exploration Asteroids keep moving across space constantly and are influenced by the planets' gravitation pull. The scientists can predict future trajectories by understanding their movements. It also helps in assessing potential risks. (With inputs from agencies)

NASA alerts as 'potentially hazardous' 510-foot asteroid zooms towards Earth at 35,000 mph

NASA's Europa Clipper mission is set to launch for Jupiter next month. Costing $5 billion, the mission has over one hundred-foot-long solar arrays and will examine one of the moons of the gas giant, Europa.&nbsp;

While the historic mission looks set to take off in October, a New York Times report suggests that the Europa spacecraft was found to be suffering from a fatal flaw weeks back. This problem could endanger the entire mission and thwart all chances of studying the ocean moon, the largest planet in the solar system.

Apparently, tests showed that essential transistors in the Europa Clipper would not stand a chance in front of Jupiter's intense radiation and would be immediately destroyed.&nbsp;

Lead scientist Curt Niebur was informed about this by an urgent email, with the words “First Story” written. This is NASA's way of letting the project staff communicate potentially bad news without fearing an overreaction from the leadership.

When Niebur saw the words in his email, he told NYT that he "opened it right away". “You read it, and then you reply, ‘Thank you for sharing,’ and then you bury your face in a pillow and you howl in terror," he said.&nbsp;

With Europa, NASA wants to study the icy moon which harbours a warm ocean underneath containing twice as much saltwater as on Earth. It aims to learn whether alien life can thrive there.&nbsp;

Also Read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/is-mars-missing-a-moon-astronomer-says-nerio-might-have-created-a-strange-bulge-759668">Is Mars missing a moon? Astronomer says Nerio might have created a strange bulge</a>

Jupiter is surrounded by a monstrous magnetosphere. The magnetic field inside it captures charged particles and accelerates them to high velocities, triggering intense radiation that wreaks havoc on electronics.

The problem had arisen with transistors, also known as MOSFETS. They were designed to survive any radiation, but new tests revealed this was not the case and that they were failing in intense radiation environments.

<h2>Problem with transistors</h2>

MOSFETS, or metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors, are on/off switches found on circuit boards and allow electricity to flow. The problem was figuring out how many of them were in use on the spacecraft and where.&nbsp;

It faced the timeline of being launched in its 21-day window in October or face a massive delay. Besides, replacing all the transistors would have meant many more years and a cost of at least one million dollars.&nbsp;

But NYT reported the scientists as saying that radiation also leads to annealing, which is self-healing. Experiments showed heat from the radiation would lead lightly damaged transistor atoms to spread out and return to their original arrangement. This means they will partially "heal themselves," Joe Stehly, the mission's Project System Engineer, told the NYT.

They suggested paring down the Europa Clipper's flybys and using its electronic instruments only as per need. However, the method wasn't found to be fool-proof. So Jeff Srinivasan, the flight systems manager, took samples of each type of MOSFET and packed them into a "canary box" attached to the spacecraft. This would act as a signal and let scientists know when to shut off certain electronics to avoid radiation damage.

The new plan was put into motion and came together within a month and is expected to work even better than expected.&nbsp;

NASA's Europa Clipper mission is set to launch for Jupiter next month. Costing $5 billion, the mission has over one hundred-foot-long solar arrays and will examine one of the moons of the gas giant, Europa.

NASA's Europa Clipper mission is set to launch for Jupiter next month. Costing $5 billion, the mission has over one hundred-foot-long solar arrays and will examine one of the moons of the gas giant, Europa. While the historic mission looks set to take off in October, a New York Times report suggests that the Europa spacecraft was found to be suffering from a fatal flaw weeks back. This problem could endanger the entire mission and thwart all chances of studying the ocean moon, the largest planet in the solar system. Apparently, tests showed that essential transistors in the Europa Clipper would not stand a chance in front of Jupiter's intense radiation and would be immediately destroyed. Lead scientist Curt Niebur was informed about this by an urgent email, with the words “First Story” written. This is NASA's way of letting the project staff communicate potentially bad news without fearing an overreaction from the leadership. When Niebur saw the words in his email, he told NYT that he "opened it right away". “You read it, and then you reply, ‘Thank you for sharing,’ and then you bury your face in a pillow and you howl in terror," he said. With Europa, NASA wants to study the icy moon which harbours a warm ocean underneath containing twice as much saltwater as on Earth. It aims to learn whether alien life can thrive there. Also Read: Is Mars missing a moon? Astronomer says Nerio might have created a strange bulge Jupiter is surrounded by a monstrous magnetosphere. The magnetic field inside it captures charged particles and accelerates them to high velocities, triggering intense radiation that wreaks havoc on electronics. The problem had arisen with transistors, also known as MOSFETS. They were designed to survive any radiation, but new tests revealed this was not the case and that they were failing in intense radiation environments. Problem with transistors MOSFETS, or metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors, are on/off switches found on circuit boards and allow electricity to flow. The problem was figuring out how many of them were in use on the spacecraft and where. It faced the timeline of being launched in its 21-day window in October or face a massive delay. Besides, replacing all the transistors would have meant many more years and a cost of at least one million dollars. But NYT reported the scientists as saying that radiation also leads to annealing, which is self-healing. Experiments showed heat from the radiation would lead lightly damaged transistor atoms to spread out and return to their original arrangement. This means they will partially "heal themselves," Joe Stehly, the mission's Project System Engineer, told the NYT. They suggested paring down the Europa Clipper's flybys and using its electronic instruments only as per need. However, the method wasn't found to be fool-proof. So Jeff Srinivasan, the flight systems manager, took samples of each type of MOSFET and packed them into a "canary box" attached to the spacecraft. This would act as a signal and let scientists know when to shut off certain electronics to avoid radiation damage. The new plan was put into motion and came together within a month and is expected to work even better than expected.

Europa Clipper suffered from a fatal flaw till weeks before October launch: Report

A study published in The Lancet on Monday (Sep 16) warned that drug resistant superbugs or&nbsp;antimicrobial resistance (AMR) might lead to the deaths of 40 million individuals, within the next 25 years.

The scientists leading the study have cautioned that steps must be taken to prevent this bleak outcome.&nbsp;

According to AFP, the&nbsp;research published in The Lancet marks the first attempt to predict the consequences of superbugs, a growing concern for global health.&nbsp;

<h2 bis_size="{&quot;x&quot;:8,&quot;y&quot;:150,&quot;w&quot;:723,&quot;h&quot;:26,&quot;abs_x&quot;:41,&quot;abs_y&quot;:1886}">Forecasts suggest...</h2>

The research found that between 1990 and 2021, over one million individuals died each year due to superbugs despite medical advancements that lowered mortality rates for children under five by over 50 per cent in the past three decades.&nbsp;

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/this-organism-is-not-living-or-dead-but-is-in-a-third-state-heres-what-it-means-759063">This organism is not living or dead but is in a 'third state'. Here's what it means</a>

Even though advancements helped prevent and control infections, superbugs continue to pose a challenge by becoming increasingly resistant, becoming harder to treat compared to the past.&nbsp;

In the past thirty years, the number of deaths among individuals above the age of 70 has risen by more than 80 per cent, largely due to the increasing susceptibility of the elderly population to infections.&nbsp;

Notably, the number of deaths, due to MRSA infections — a type of staph infection — has increased two fold to 130,000, in 2021 compared to three decades ago.&nbsp;

Also read |&nbsp;<a bis_size="{&quot;x&quot;:88,&quot;y&quot;:411,&quot;w&quot;:527,&quot;h&quot;:16,&quot;abs_x&quot;:121,&quot;abs_y&quot;:2147}" href="https://www.wionews.com/science/brains-of-humans-and-dogs-can-sync-with-each-other-study-explains-how-759032">Brains of humans and dogs can sync with each other. Study explains how</a>

<h2 bis_size="{&quot;x&quot;:8,&quot;y&quot;:447,&quot;w&quot;:723,&quot;h&quot;:26,&quot;abs_x&quot;:41,&quot;abs_y&quot;:2183}">An emerging danger</h2>

Researchers have estimated that the number of people who may die directly from AMRs or superbugs could rise by 67 per cent to reach nearly two million per year by 2050.&nbsp;

Additionally, it is projected that AMRs will contribute to 8.2 million deaths each year—an increase of 75 per cent compared to the present statistics. &nbsp;

This implies that AM resistant bacteria could result in 39 million fatalities and play a role in a total of 169 million deaths within the 25 years.&nbsp;

AFP reports that although the future looks bleak, there is a glimmer of hope.&nbsp;

The study proposes that by improving initiatives to enhance the management of infections and ensure accessibility to efficient antimicrobial medications, we could potentially save up to 92 million lives by 2050. &nbsp;

"These findings highlight that AMR has been a significant global health threat for decades and that this threat is growing," said Mohsen Naghavi, study co-author at&nbsp;the Institute for Health Metrics.

(With inputs from agencies)

A study published in The Lancet on Monday (Sep 16) warned that drug resistant superbugs or antimicrobial resistance (AMR) might lead to the deaths of 40 million individuals, within the next 25 years.

A study published in The Lancet on Monday (Sep 16) warned that drug resistant superbugs or antimicrobial resistance (AMR) might lead to the deaths of 40 million individuals, within the next 25 years. The scientists leading the study have cautioned that steps must be taken to prevent this bleak outcome. According to AFP, the research published in The Lancet marks the first attempt to predict the consequences of superbugs, a growing concern for global health. Forecasts suggest... The research found that between 1990 and 2021, over one million individuals died each year due to superbugs despite medical advancements that lowered mortality rates for children under five by over 50 per cent in the past three decades. Also read | This organism is not living or dead but is in a 'third state'. Here's what it means Even though advancements helped prevent and control infections, superbugs continue to pose a challenge by becoming increasingly resistant, becoming harder to treat compared to the past. In the past thirty years, the number of deaths among individuals above the age of 70 has risen by more than 80 per cent, largely due to the increasing susceptibility of the elderly population to infections. Notably, the number of deaths, due to MRSA infections — a type of staph infection — has increased two fold to 130,000, in 2021 compared to three decades ago. Also read | Brains of humans and dogs can sync with each other. Study explains how An emerging danger Researchers have estimated that the number of people who may die directly from AMRs or superbugs could rise by 67 per cent to reach nearly two million per year by 2050. Additionally, it is projected that AMRs will contribute to 8.2 million deaths each year—an increase of 75 per cent compared to the present statistics. This implies that AM resistant bacteria could result in 39 million fatalities and play a role in a total of 169 million deaths within the 25 years. AFP reports that although the future looks bleak, there is a glimmer of hope. The study proposes that by improving initiatives to enhance the management of infections and ensure accessibility to efficient antimicrobial medications, we could potentially save up to 92 million lives by 2050. "These findings highlight that AMR has been a significant global health threat for decades and that this threat is growing," said Mohsen Naghavi, study co-author at the Institute for Health Metrics. (With inputs from agencies)

Global superbug crisis: 40 million lives at risk over next 25 years, warns study

Earth may have had a ring system that came into existence around 466 million years ago, a new study has suggested. This was the period when our planet was bombarded with unusually intense meteorites known as the Ordovician impact spike.&nbsp;

The theory has been published in Earth and Planetary Science Letters. It is based on the positions of 21 asteroid impact craters and plate tectonic reconstructions for the Ordovician period.

Researchers cite the place where the craters exist on Earth to suggest that the planet once likely had a ring, just like Saturn. All of the craters studied are located within 30 degrees of the equator. However, this is considered an anomaly since more than 70 per cent of Earth's continental crust is outside this region.

They believe the reason for this localised impact pattern was a large asteroid which once might have flown by extremely close to Earth. When this happened, it passed within Earth's Roche limit, breaking apart due to tidal forces. This, they say, might have formed a debris ring around the planet, similar to Saturn's rings and those of other gas giants.&nbsp;

When these meteorites fell on Earth, they likely created the craters now seen in the region.

"Over millions of years, material from this ring gradually fell to Earth, creating the spike in meteorite impacts observed in the geological record," lead study author Professor Andy Tomkins, from Monash University's School of Earth, Atmosphere and Environment, said.

Also Read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/collision-of-asteroids-created-cosmic-dust-and-sparked-life-on-earth-study-758856">Collision of asteroids created cosmic dust and sparked life on Earth: Study</a>

"We also see that layers in sedimentary rocks from this period contain extraordinary amounts of meteorite debris."

This ring might have also impacted our planet's climate which would have cast a shadow, and blocked the sunlight, thus cooling down the environment. This significant global cooling event was known as the "Hirnantian Icehouse."

"The idea that a ring system could have influenced global temperatures adds a new layer of complexity to our understanding of how extra-terrestrial events may have shaped Earth's climate," Professor Tomkins said.

Having occurred near the end of the Ordovician, this period is one of the coldest witnessed in the last 500 million years of Earth's history.

The latest discovery also leads astronomers to think whether Earth could have these rings more than once in its lifetime.

&nbsp;

&nbsp;

Earth may have had a ring system that came into existence around 466 million years ago, a new study has suggested. This was the period when our planet was bombarded with unusually intense meteorites known as the Ordovician impact spike.

Earth may have had a ring system that came into existence around 466 million years ago, a new study has suggested. This was the period when our planet was bombarded with unusually intense meteorites known as the Ordovician impact spike. The theory has been published in Earth and Planetary Science Letters. It is based on the positions of 21 asteroid impact craters and plate tectonic reconstructions for the Ordovician period. Researchers cite the place where the craters exist on Earth to suggest that the planet once likely had a ring, just like Saturn. All of the craters studied are located within 30 degrees of the equator. However, this is considered an anomaly since more than 70 per cent of Earth's continental crust is outside this region. They believe the reason for this localised impact pattern was a large asteroid which once might have flown by extremely close to Earth. When this happened, it passed within Earth's Roche limit, breaking apart due to tidal forces. This, they say, might have formed a debris ring around the planet, similar to Saturn's rings and those of other gas giants. When these meteorites fell on Earth, they likely created the craters now seen in the region. "Over millions of years, material from this ring gradually fell to Earth, creating the spike in meteorite impacts observed in the geological record," lead study author Professor Andy Tomkins, from Monash University's School of Earth, Atmosphere and Environment, said. Also Read: Collision of asteroids created cosmic dust and sparked life on Earth: Study "We also see that layers in sedimentary rocks from this period contain extraordinary amounts of meteorite debris." This ring might have also impacted our planet's climate which would have cast a shadow, and blocked the sunlight, thus cooling down the environment. This significant global cooling event was known as the "Hirnantian Icehouse." "The idea that a ring system could have influenced global temperatures adds a new layer of complexity to our understanding of how extra-terrestrial events may have shaped Earth's climate," Professor Tomkins said. Having occurred near the end of the Ordovician, this period is one of the coldest witnessed in the last 500 million years of Earth's history. The latest discovery also leads astronomers to think whether Earth could have these rings more than once in its lifetime.

Earth likely had a ring around it 466 million years ago. It was created by...

It is long believed that having water following a night of drinking can help overcome a hangover but a recent study&nbsp;has challenged this notion. Researchers from Utrecht University in the Netherlands have concluded that dehydration is not the only major factor behind a hangover and thus drinking water may be of little help.

<h2>The study</h2>

For the purpose of the study, the researchers enlisted two groups of volunteer boozers. They gave water to one group before bed, as the other group hit the hay with considerable dehydration.

The results achieved the next morning were shocking.

Also read:&nbsp;<a data-ved="2ahUKEwjHvduHnMqIAxVpS2wGHdJZDcsQxfQBKAB6BAgQEAE" href="https://www.wionews.com/science/nasas-hirise-camera-captures-image-of-phobos-mars-space-potato-moon-734199" jsname="YKoRaf" ping="/url?sa=t&amp;source=web&amp;rct=j&amp;opi=89978449&amp;url=https://www.wionews.com/science/nasas-hirise-camera-captures-image-of-phobos-mars-space-potato-moon-734199&amp;ved=2ahUKEwjHvduHnMqIAxVpS2wGHdJZDcsQxfQBKAB6BAgQEAE">NASA`s HiRISE camera captures image of phobos, Mars` `space potato` Moon</a>

While the former group experienced less dehydration, they felt the same degree of pain, nausea, and exhaustion as the latter.

This showed that consuming water had little or no effect on the intensity of the hangover.

Johnny Parvani, REVIV founder and chief medical officer, was quoted as saying by the New York Post, “A hangover is a clinical condition that is characterized by a combination of effects from alcohol metabolism and dehydration.” This&nbsp;supports&nbsp;the claim that a hangover includes but is not limited to dehydration.

The lead author of the study, Dr Joris Verster from Utrecht University, says that the relationship between drinking and hangover is directly proportional.

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“The more you drink, the more likely you are to get a hangover. Drinking water may help against thirst and a dry mouth, but it will not take away the misery, the headache and the nausea,” Verster was quoted as saying by NY Post.

However, the research noted that consuming alcohol may trigger dehydration. It happens because alcohol activates the hormone system responsible for regulating blood pressure, fluid, and electrolyte balance. This process leads to the loss of water and electrolytes from our body, which in turn triggers thirst.

But thirst and dehydration are relatively short-lived in comparison to&nbsp;the other symptoms of hangover caused by "oxidative stress".

(With inputs from agencies)

It is long believed that having water following a night of drinking can help overcome a hangover but a recent study has challenged this notion. Researchers from Utrecht University in the Netherlands have concluded that dehydration is not the only major factor behind a hangover and thus drinking water may be of little help.

It is long believed that having water following a night of drinking can help overcome a hangover but a recent study has challenged this notion. Researchers from Utrecht University in the Netherlands have concluded that dehydration is not the only major factor behind a hangover and thus drinking water may be of little help. The study For the purpose of the study, the researchers enlisted two groups of volunteer boozers. They gave water to one group before bed, as the other group hit the hay with considerable dehydration. The results achieved the next morning were shocking. Also read: NASA`s HiRISE camera captures image of phobos, Mars` `space potato` Moon While the former group experienced less dehydration, they felt the same degree of pain, nausea, and exhaustion as the latter. This showed that consuming water had little or no effect on the intensity of the hangover. Johnny Parvani, REVIV founder and chief medical officer, was quoted as saying by the New York Post, “A hangover is a clinical condition that is characterized by a combination of effects from alcohol metabolism and dehydration.” This supports the claim that a hangover includes but is not limited to dehydration. The lead author of the study, Dr Joris Verster from Utrecht University, says that the relationship between drinking and hangover is directly proportional. Also read: Man manages to control Amazon`s Alexa with help of his thoughts. Here`s how “The more you drink, the more likely you are to get a hangover. Drinking water may help against thirst and a dry mouth, but it will not take away the misery, the headache and the nausea,” Verster was quoted as saying by NY Post. However, the research noted that consuming alcohol may trigger dehydration. It happens because alcohol activates the hormone system responsible for regulating blood pressure, fluid, and electrolyte balance. This process leads to the loss of water and electrolytes from our body, which in turn triggers thirst. But thirst and dehydration are relatively short-lived in comparison to the other symptoms of hangover caused by "oxidative stress". (With inputs from agencies)

Drinking water before going to bed doesn’t help cure hangover: Study

Scientists were shocked when they discovered that pollution had created a hole in the protective ozone layer of Earth in the 1980s.

After nearly 40 years, scientists from the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS) noticed that this hole had reduced in size which hinted at the possibility of its recovery.&nbsp;

In the latest atmospheric observations, it was revealed that it took a significant time for the ozone hole to be formed over the South Pole and it was smaller than expected this year.

The ozone layer is a thin layer of ozone gas in the atmosphere which is made of three oxygen atoms and is able to absorb all harmful UV radiation of the Sun.&nbsp;

The British Antarctic Survey carried out research in 1985 and found that there is a huge hole in the ozone layer over the South Pole.

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When spring comes in the Southern Hemisphere, the hole opens up again and UV radiation pours down towards the Antarctic continent.&nbsp;

This results in too much radiation in Antarctica because of which Antarctic wildlife such as seals and penguins remain at a huge risk of getting sunburnt.&nbsp;

<h2>Can the ozone layer's hole completely heal?</h2>

Generally, the hole remains well established in mid-to-late August and closes by the end of November.&nbsp;

As per the new data, the formation of the ozone hole has been very slow in comparison to previous years.

The ozone hole did not start getting formed till September and remained very small throughout the period.&nbsp;

Also Read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/global-superbug-crisis-40-million-lives-at-risk-over-next-25-years-warns-study-759317">Global superbug crisis: 40 million lives at risk over next 25 years, warns study</a>

CAMS has predicted that for the rest of the year, the ozone hole will start shrinking faster and is likely to have completely closed by December.

"From volcanoes to climate change, there are a myriad of factors that play a role, directly or indirectly, in the formation of the Antarctic ozone hole. Nonetheless, none of them are as impactful as the anthropogenic ozone-depleting substances," said Laurence Rouil, director of CAMS.

"Just as a period of colder weather than usual doesn’t reveal long-term trends of climate, a slow start of an ozone hole can’t automatically be attributed to a recovery of the ozone layer," stated CAMS in a blog post.

(With inputs from agencies)

Scientists were shocked when they discovered that pollution had created a hole in the protective ozone layer of Earth in the 1980s. After nearly 40 years, scientists from the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS) noticed that this hole had reduced in size which hinted at the possibility of its recovery.

Scientists were shocked when they discovered that pollution had created a hole in the protective ozone layer of Earth in the 1980s. After nearly 40 years, scientists from the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS) noticed that this hole had reduced in size which hinted at the possibility of its recovery. In the latest atmospheric observations, it was revealed that it took a significant time for the ozone hole to be formed over the South Pole and it was smaller than expected this year. The ozone layer is a thin layer of ozone gas in the atmosphere which is made of three oxygen atoms and is able to absorb all harmful UV radiation of the Sun. The British Antarctic Survey carried out research in 1985 and found that there is a huge hole in the ozone layer over the South Pole. Also Read: Will Pacific Ocean be filled with iron by 2026? Here's what scientists are planning When spring comes in the Southern Hemisphere, the hole opens up again and UV radiation pours down towards the Antarctic continent. This results in too much radiation in Antarctica because of which Antarctic wildlife such as seals and penguins remain at a huge risk of getting sunburnt. Can the ozone layer's hole completely heal? Generally, the hole remains well established in mid-to-late August and closes by the end of November. As per the new data, the formation of the ozone hole has been very slow in comparison to previous years. The ozone hole did not start getting formed till September and remained very small throughout the period. Also Read: Global superbug crisis: 40 million lives at risk over next 25 years, warns study CAMS has predicted that for the rest of the year, the ozone hole will start shrinking faster and is likely to have completely closed by December. "From volcanoes to climate change, there are a myriad of factors that play a role, directly or indirectly, in the formation of the Antarctic ozone hole. Nonetheless, none of them are as impactful as the anthropogenic ozone-depleting substances," said Laurence Rouil, director of CAMS. "Just as a period of colder weather than usual doesn’t reveal long-term trends of climate, a slow start of an ozone hole can’t automatically be attributed to a recovery of the ozone layer," stated CAMS in a blog post. (With inputs from agencies)

Scientists spot reduction in size of a hole in ozone layer above Antarctica

Do 'electric eels', as the name suggests, can actually produce electricity? The science involving these aquatic hunters has made many people curious as some have tried to understand if this species can actually give you a jolt.

<h2>What are electric eels?</h2>

Electric eels are not “true” eels which are discovered in the order Anguilliformes. These species belong to the Gymnotiformes order&nbsp;which is also called as knifefishes.

Electric eels appear similar to carp&nbsp;and catfish, however, their elongated bodies and tapered tails make their movement through the waters swift.&nbsp;

Their body shapes help them in hunt and survive in the river ecosystems of South America.

Once an electric eel fully grows it can be 2.5 metres (8 feet) in length and 20 kilogrammes (45 pounds) in weight which makes them predators in their environment.

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These electric eels are air breathers and fulfil 80 per cent of their oxygen needs by the intake of air into their mouths.

Because of this, these eels are able to thrive in&nbsp;oxygen-poor waters.&nbsp;

<h2>Are electric eels able to produce electricity?&nbsp;</h2>

The electric eels have three unique organs which help in the generation of electricity.

Each of these organs is filled with nearly 6,000 specific cells called electrolytes.

These electrolytes are able to discharge power when the eel feels threatened or when it attacks a potential prey.

“Electric eels are like living batteries. They have stacks of modified muscle cells called electrocytes, which have both a positive and a negative side,” said Dr Rupert Collins, who is a Senior Curator of Fishes at the&nbsp;Natural History Museum, London.

“When the cells are triggered, they discharge an electrical impulse into the surrounding water, making electric eels living, breathing generators of electricity," he added.

The scientists have not been able to understand how the electric eel manages to generate electric shocks and not hurt themselves in the process.&nbsp;

Also Read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/global-superbug-crisis-40-million-lives-at-risk-over-next-25-years-warns-study-759317">Global superbug crisis: 40 million lives at risk over next 25 years, warns study</a>

It is, however, believed that the water absorbs most of the electrical current around the eel.&nbsp;

Generally, the eel is able to generate nearly 600 volts of electricity but at times they have been able to produce 860 volts, as per a study.&nbsp;

If a human gets a shock from an electric eel, it can lead to severe respiratory difficulties and can also stop the heart.&nbsp;

(With inputs from agencies)

Do 'electric eels', as the name suggests, can actually produce electricity? The science involving these aquatic hunters has made many people curious as some have tried to understand if this species can actually give you a jolt.

Do 'electric eels', as the name suggests, can actually produce electricity? The science involving these aquatic hunters has made many people curious as some have tried to understand if this species can actually give you a jolt. What are electric eels? Electric eels are not “true” eels which are discovered in the order Anguilliformes. These species belong to the Gymnotiformes order which is also called as knifefishes. Electric eels appear similar to carp and catfish, however, their elongated bodies and tapered tails make their movement through the waters swift. Their body shapes help them in hunt and survive in the river ecosystems of South America. Once an electric eel fully grows it can be 2.5 metres (8 feet) in length and 20 kilogrammes (45 pounds) in weight which makes them predators in their environment. Also Read: Free diver drops 65 feet into ocean to see at what point he will 'start sinking' These electric eels are air breathers and fulfil 80 per cent of their oxygen needs by the intake of air into their mouths. Because of this, these eels are able to thrive in oxygen-poor waters. Are electric eels able to produce electricity? The electric eels have three unique organs which help in the generation of electricity. Each of these organs is filled with nearly 6,000 specific cells called electrolytes. These electrolytes are able to discharge power when the eel feels threatened or when it attacks a potential prey. “Electric eels are like living batteries. They have stacks of modified muscle cells called electrocytes, which have both a positive and a negative side,” said Dr Rupert Collins, who is a Senior Curator of Fishes at the Natural History Museum, London. “When the cells are triggered, they discharge an electrical impulse into the surrounding water, making electric eels living, breathing generators of electricity," he added. The scientists have not been able to understand how the electric eel manages to generate electric shocks and not hurt themselves in the process. Also Read: Global superbug crisis: 40 million lives at risk over next 25 years, warns study It is, however, believed that the water absorbs most of the electrical current around the eel. Generally, the eel is able to generate nearly 600 volts of electricity but at times they have been able to produce 860 volts, as per a study. If a human gets a shock from an electric eel, it can lead to severe respiratory difficulties and can also stop the heart. (With inputs from agencies)

These eels are electric. Here's how they can generate electricity

Scientists have found that certain compounds commonly found in the environment can activate parts of the brain responsible for reproductive functions. This, they say, can trigger early puberty in girls.&nbsp;

Musk, one of the common fragrances, is one such fragrance that was banned by the European Union. However, it is still widely available across the world.&nbsp;

The average age of menstruation and physical development in girls has been lowering in the past few years. While racial and socioeconomic factors have been thought to be responsible, scientists think that genetics cannot be wholly blamed, considering how global the problem is.&nbsp;

Finding the culprit has been hard as results have been inconsistent. So researchers from the US National Institutes of Health and North Western University focused only on a network of neurons in the hypothalamus linked to managing the onset of puberty.

Ovaries make oestrogen and the testes pump&nbsp;out testosterone after gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons stimulate the pituitary gland, telling it to secrete chemical cues. A neuropeptide called kisspeptin is thought to be involved in the process.

Scientists started testing the effects of various substances on the cells' GnRH and kisspeptin activity.

Also Read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/a-key-part-of-womens-brains-is-shrinking-by-80-during-pregnancy-creating-permanent-etchings-study-759326">A key part of women's brains is shrinking by 80% during pregnancy: Study</a>

They sorted through around 10,000 different substances, mentioned in an Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)&nbsp;library.

<h2>Where is musk used?</h2>

Musk ambrette stood out as an agonist for kisspeptin. It is commonly found in cosmetics and perfumes. The European Union banned it in the 1990s because of its neurotoxicity effects in rats. However, it can still be widely found in many countries, including India and China.

It is resistant to degradation and so can be found in the environment and poses a serious concern, studies about the compound, including several old ones, warn.

Upon further testing, musk ambrette showed the potential to push parts of the brain into sending out cues that might trigger puberty at earlier ages.

The study further says that early puberty is a serious matter as it can pose an increased risk of psychological problems, cardiovascular disease, and breast cancer.

Scientists have found that certain compounds commonly found in the environment can activate parts of the brain responsible for reproductive functions. This, they say, can trigger early puberty in girls.

Scientists have found that certain compounds commonly found in the environment can activate parts of the brain responsible for reproductive functions. This, they say, can trigger early puberty in girls. Musk, one of the common fragrances, is one such fragrance that was banned by the European Union. However, it is still widely available across the world. The average age of menstruation and physical development in girls has been lowering in the past few years. While racial and socioeconomic factors have been thought to be responsible, scientists think that genetics cannot be wholly blamed, considering how global the problem is. Finding the culprit has been hard as results have been inconsistent. So researchers from the US National Institutes of Health and North Western University focused only on a network of neurons in the hypothalamus linked to managing the onset of puberty. Ovaries make oestrogen and the testes pump out testosterone after gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons stimulate the pituitary gland, telling it to secrete chemical cues. A neuropeptide called kisspeptin is thought to be involved in the process. Scientists started testing the effects of various substances on the cells' GnRH and kisspeptin activity. Also Read: A key part of women's brains is shrinking by 80% during pregnancy: Study They sorted through around 10,000 different substances, mentioned in an Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) library. Where is musk used? Musk ambrette stood out as an agonist for kisspeptin. It is commonly found in cosmetics and perfumes. The European Union banned it in the 1990s because of its neurotoxicity effects in rats. However, it can still be widely found in many countries, including India and China. It is resistant to degradation and so can be found in the environment and poses a serious concern, studies about the compound, including several old ones, warn. Upon further testing, musk ambrette showed the potential to push parts of the brain into sending out cues that might trigger puberty at earlier ages. The study further says that early puberty is a serious matter as it can pose an increased risk of psychological problems, cardiovascular disease, and breast cancer.

Popular fragrance might be pushing girls towards puberty earlier than usual

A bizarre bottomless pool called 'Hot Tub of Despair' is hidden beneath the Gulf of&nbsp;Mexico and it is so deadly that it can kill anything which enters it instantly.

This 100-foot (30.5-metre)-wide pond is filled with a toxic mixture of hydrogen sulphide, ultra-salty water, and methane, and only a handful of creatures can survive in it.&nbsp;

The researchers discovered the toxic pond in 2015 and found that its banks were filled with preserved corpses of creatures who had tried to swim in the warm waters.

Also Read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/will-pacific-ocean-be-filled-with-iron-by-2026-heres-what-scientists-are-planning-759332">Will Pacific Ocean be filled with iron by 2026? Here's what scientists are planning</a>

The pool is said to be present more than 1,000 metre (3,300 foot) below the Gulf of&nbsp;Mexico.

<h2>How did researchers discover the 'Hot Tub of Despair'?</h2>

The bottomless pond was discovered by the Ocean Exploration Trust when they were investigating the 'cold seeps' in the depths of the Gulf of Mexico.

In this region, dense hydrocarbons, which are the basis of oil and petrol, release from beneath the seafloor and enter the water column.

Vast layers of salt are formed by cold seeps, which are created when ancient oceans evaporate.

With the shift and crack in salt layers, the resulting gaps permit compounds, which are generally trapped beneath the ground, to escape.

Sometimes, when the cracks are formed, huge amounts of salt are dissolved by water present in the sediment layers to form a brine that is four times saltier than seawater.

Because the brine is so dense, it remains on the floor of the ocean and fails to get easily mixed with the surrounding salt water.

Also Read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/a-ghost-city-sits-in-the-middle-of-the-pacific-ocean-aerial-images-now-reveal-whats-it-like-759417">A 'ghost city' sits in the middle of the Pacific Ocean. Aerial images now reveal what's it like</a>

In places where the welling up of saltwater takes place, strange underwater lakes and ponds like 'Hot Tub of Despair' are formed by 'brine pools'.&nbsp;

The researchers, with the help of a remote-operated vehicle named Hercules, found a steep, thin wall, which was made of deposited minerals and live&nbsp;mussels, and rose three metres above the seafloor.

It was found filled with 12 foot (3.7 metre) deep layer of brine, which was present above a 'bottomless' pond of liquidised mud.&nbsp;

(With inputs from agencies)

A bizarre bottomless pool called 'Hot Tub of Despair' is hidden beneath the Gulf of Mexico and it is so deadly that it can kill anything which enters it instantly.

A bizarre bottomless pool called 'Hot Tub of Despair' is hidden beneath the Gulf of Mexico and it is so deadly that it can kill anything which enters it instantly. This 100-foot (30.5-metre)-wide pond is filled with a toxic mixture of hydrogen sulphide, ultra-salty water, and methane, and only a handful of creatures can survive in it. The researchers discovered the toxic pond in 2015 and found that its banks were filled with preserved corpses of creatures who had tried to swim in the warm waters. Also Read: Will Pacific Ocean be filled with iron by 2026? Here's what scientists are planning The pool is said to be present more than 1,000 metre (3,300 foot) below the Gulf of Mexico. How did researchers discover the 'Hot Tub of Despair'? The bottomless pond was discovered by the Ocean Exploration Trust when they were investigating the 'cold seeps' in the depths of the Gulf of Mexico. In this region, dense hydrocarbons, which are the basis of oil and petrol, release from beneath the seafloor and enter the water column. Vast layers of salt are formed by cold seeps, which are created when ancient oceans evaporate. With the shift and crack in salt layers, the resulting gaps permit compounds, which are generally trapped beneath the ground, to escape. Sometimes, when the cracks are formed, huge amounts of salt are dissolved by water present in the sediment layers to form a brine that is four times saltier than seawater. Because the brine is so dense, it remains on the floor of the ocean and fails to get easily mixed with the surrounding salt water. Also Read: A 'ghost city' sits in the middle of the Pacific Ocean. Aerial images now reveal what's it like In places where the welling up of saltwater takes place, strange underwater lakes and ponds like 'Hot Tub of Despair' are formed by 'brine pools'. The researchers, with the help of a remote-operated vehicle named Hercules, found a steep, thin wall, which was made of deposited minerals and live mussels, and rose three metres above the seafloor. It was found filled with 12 foot (3.7 metre) deep layer of brine, which was present above a 'bottomless' pond of liquidised mud. (With inputs from agencies)

Hidden under Mexico is bottomless 'Hot Tub of Despair' pool which instantly kills what swims into it

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