India vs Pakistan: A history of conflict
1947
The first war breaks out over Kashmir after Partition divides the sub-continent into India and Pakistan.
The ruler of Kashmir accedes to India as tribal fighters from Pakistan launch attacks.
(This photo taken in August 1947 shows Indian soldiers walking through the debris of a building in the Chowk Bijli Wala area of Amristar during unrest following the Partition of India and Pakistan.[Source: AFP])
1947 India-Pak war
The Indian Army troops played a key role in the 1947 conflict against Pakistan soon after independence.
General Thimayya led the troops from the front and battered the Pakistani forces. Thimayya later became the chief of Army staff in 1957.
Vijay Diwas
India celebrates December 16 as "Vijay Diwas" commemorating Indian forces resounding victory over Pakistan in the 1971 war which led to the creation of Bangladesh.
The Pakistan army surrendered to Indian forces unconditionally when General Amir Abdullah Khan Niazi with 93,000 troops surrendered to India. The war lasted just 13 days from December 4 to 16.
It is also known as the Bangladesh Liberation War, 1971.
1984
Indian forces seize the Siachen Glacier, a remote and uninhabited territory high in the Karakoram Range also claimed by Pakistan.
The first of many battles are fought over the high-altitude stretch, until a ceasefire is signed in 2003.
(A forward camp of the Indian army in July 1991 at 16 thousand feet (upper part of glacier) and 45 miles up on a 75 mile Siachen Glacier, in Baltistan province, near the Chinese border. [Source: AFP]).
1999
Pakistan-backed militants cross the Line of Control, seizing Indian military posts in the icy heights of the Kargil mountains.
Indian troops push the intruders back, ending the 10-week Kargil conflict which costs 1,000 lives on both sides.
(Soldiers from the Indian army fire their 105mm guns, 31 May 1999, from their outpost near Kargil.[Source: AFP])
2016
India launches what it calls "surgical strikes" on targets in Pakistan occupied Kashmir in September, less than two weeks after a militant attack on an Indian army base in Uri leaves 19 soldiers dead.
Pakistan denies the strikes took place.
(Image source: AFP)
2019
India vows retaliation after at least 40 soldiers of its paramilitary force CRPF are killed in a suicide attack in Pulwama. New Delhi blames Pakistan-based terror group Jaish-e-Mohammed (JeM) for the attack.
In the early hours of February 26, Indian conducts air strikes against what it calls JeM's "biggest training camp", killing "a very large number" of militants.
(Image source: AFP)
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