A look at Sri Lanka's rocky history leading up to presidential polls

Don Stephen Senanayake, the country's first elected prime minister, raises the flag during a ceremony at the newly-built Independence Square in February 1948. Police and armed services perform a march-past. Prime Minister Solomon Bandaranaike is shot dead by a Buddhist priest while sitting on his veranda with officials during a public event in September 1959. The following July, his widow Sirima Bandaranaike becomes the world's first female prime minister when the coalition she is leading wins elections. She goes on to hold the post for three terms.

In April 1971, armed youth launch a campaign to topple Bandaranaike's government, attacking police stations and government offices. The insurrection is quelled with the help of foreign military forces, including those from India. 

In1976, separatist group Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) formed, with the aim to form an independent state in the north and east of the island. in 1983, an LTTE ambush causes the death of 13 soldiers, sparking anti-Tamil riots, in which several hundred Tamils die. This triggers a long period of conflict, marked by political assassinations and suicide bombings.

May 17, 2009: After 25 years of conflict, LTTE concedes defeat following a relentless Sri Lankan military offensive.

More than 100,000 people were killed in the war.

Last presidential and parliamentary elections. Mahinda Rajapaksa, Gotabaya's brother who served as president for a decade, is defeated in his bid for a third term. Maithripala Sirisena becomes president instead.

Sirisena sacks Prime Minister Ranil Wickremesinghe and swears in Mahinda Rajapaksa to replace him, plunging the country into constitutional turmoil.

Eventually, Mahinda Rajapaksa backs down from claiming the office and Wickremesinghe is reinstated.

File photo of Easter Sunday terror attack