Co-founder of OceanGate Expeditions on Friday (June 23) defended its late CEO Stockton Rush and said he was committed to safety and risk management. Rush died along with four others as OceanGate's Titan submersible imploded near the wreckage of Titanic, thousands of metres underwater in the Atlantic Ocean.

Guillermo Söhnlein, co-founded OceanGate with Stockton Rush in 2009. He left the company in 2013 but retained a minority stake. Rush was piloting the submersible that began its dive into the Titanic last Sunday. Debris of the vessel was found on Thursday.

"Stockton was one of the most astute risk managers I'd ever met. He was very risk-averse. He was very keenly aware of the risks of operating in the deep ocean environment, and he was very committed to safety," Söhnlein told Reuters.

"I believe that every innovation that he took ... was geared toward two goals: One, expanding humanity's ability to explore the deep ocean. And secondly, to do it as safely as possible," he said in a video interview from his home in Barcelona.

Sohnlein said that everyone should refrain from speculating about the disaster and wait for any official report prepared after the collection and analysis of the data.

"There's going to be a time for (making assessments), and I don't think right now is the right time to do that," he said.

Talks surrounding Titan's stability and safety issues started soon after it went missing. The chatter increased after it became&nbsp;clear on Thursday that the submersible had imploded and five on board were killed.

It was revealed that questions about Titan's safety were raised in 2018 during a symposium of submersible industry experts. The questions were also raised in a lawsuit by OceanGate's former head of marine operations. The lawsuit was settled later that year.

<h2>International effort</h2>

Resources from several countries had been mobilised after the submersible went missing last Sunday. Teams and equipment from the US, Canada, France and Britain spent days searching a vast sea area to pinpoint Titan.&nbsp;

The debris was found close to the wreckage of the Titanic. Although US Coast Guard has said it was too early to say when the explosion took place, it is believed that Titan met its fate towards the end of its dive to reach the Titanic.

The US Navy has said that it had detected "an anomaly consistent with an implosion or explosion" near Titan's location when communication with the submersible was lost.

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Co-founder of OceanGate Expeditions on Friday (June 23) defended its late CEO Stockton Rush and said he was committed to safety and risk management. Rush died along with four others as OceanGate's Titan submersible imploded near the wreckage of Titanic, thousands of metres underwater in the Atlantic Ocean.

Co-founder of OceanGate Expeditions on Friday (June 23) defended its late CEO Stockton Rush and said he was committed to safety and risk management. Rush died along with four others as OceanGate's Titan submersible imploded near the wreckage of Titanic, thousands of metres underwater in the Atlantic Ocean. Guillermo Söhnlein, co-founded OceanGate with Stockton Rush in 2009. He left the company in 2013 but retained a minority stake. Rush was piloting the submersible that began its dive into the Titanic last Sunday. Debris of the vessel was found on Thursday. "Stockton was one of the most astute risk managers I'd ever met. He was very risk-averse. He was very keenly aware of the risks of operating in the deep ocean environment, and he was very committed to safety," Söhnlein told Reuters. "I believe that every innovation that he took ... was geared toward two goals: One, expanding humanity's ability to explore the deep ocean. And secondly, to do it as safely as possible," he said in a video interview from his home in Barcelona. Sohnlein said that everyone should refrain from speculating about the disaster and wait for any official report prepared after the collection and analysis of the data. "There's going to be a time for (making assessments), and I don't think right now is the right time to do that," he said. Talks surrounding Titan's stability and safety issues started soon after it went missing. The chatter increased after it became clear on Thursday that the submersible had imploded and five on board were killed. It was revealed that questions about Titan's safety were raised in 2018 during a symposium of submersible industry experts. The questions were also raised in a lawsuit by OceanGate's former head of marine operations. The lawsuit was settled later that year. International effort Resources from several countries had been mobilised after the submersible went missing last Sunday. Teams and equipment from the US, Canada, France and Britain spent days searching a vast sea area to pinpoint Titan. The debris was found close to the wreckage of the Titanic. Although US Coast Guard has said it was too early to say when the explosion took place, it is believed that Titan met its fate towards the end of its dive to reach the Titanic. The US Navy has said that it had detected "an anomaly consistent with an implosion or explosion" near Titan's location when communication with the submersible was lost. You can now write for wionews.com and be a part of the community. Share your stories and opinions with us here. WATCH WION LIVE HERE ×

Titanic sub firm's co-founder defends late CEO, says he was committed to safety

The search for OceanGate's Titan Submersible has come to an unfortunate conclusion. The US Coast Guard said that the underwater craft which was used for voyage to the wreckage of Titanic, was met with an implosion and was found in pieces.

Titan Submersible found in pieces after imploding in North Atlantic

Debris from missing submarine found near Titanic wreckage, 5 on board dead

The grim news of the Titan submersible tearing into pieces due to an implosion has triggered a barrage of reactions from around the world not only the victims' families are mourning but filmmaker James Cameron has also expressed grief over the incident.

James Cameron reacts to Titan submarine incident: 'Wish I has sounded an alarm'

OceanGate released a bleak statement on Thursday after the US Coast Guard said that a "debris field" has been discovered by an underwater robot searching near the wreck of the Titanic for a missing submersible with five people on board. It said that the passengers have "sadly been lost".&nbsp;

US Coast Guard Rear Admiral John Mauger said that he can't confirm whether the US Coast Guard will be able to recover the bodies of the five passengers, including the company OceanGate's CEO Stockton Rush, besides Shahzada Dawood and his son Suleman Dawood, Hamish Harding, and Paul-Henri Nargeolet.&nbsp;

According to officials, five major pieces were detected amid the debris around the Titanic site. A nose cone, outside the pressure hull, and a larger debris field were among them.&nbsp;

"This is an incredibly unforgiving environment," Mauger added, further mentioning that a few hours ago, an ROV from the vessel Horizon Artic found the tail cone of the Titan submersible approximately 1600 feet from the bow of the Titanic wreck.&nbsp;

Also read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/debris-field-found-near-titanic-in-search-for-missing-sub-us-coast-guard-607496">Debris field found near Titanic in search for missing sub: US Coast Guard</a>&nbsp;

The families of those on board were notified when they found additional debris, which according to the report was consistent with a catastrophic loss of the pressure chamber. &nbsp;

Mauger stated that the US Coast Guard will keep working near the site to gather more information. He added that it's an "incredibly complex environment" on the sea floor, two miles beneath the surface.&nbsp;

While weighing in on the possible timing of the collapse, Mauger told reporters that it was too early to tell what the timing of the implosion was. He added that since the search and rescue mission started, the US Coat Guard used sonar buoys out in the water for 72 hours and since they had been in place, they had not detected "any catastrophic events".&nbsp;

Also read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/former-submersible-customer-calls-dive-to-the-titanic-a-kamikaze-operation-607456">Former submersible customer calls dive to the Titanic a 'kamikaze operation'</a>&nbsp;

<h2>'We grieve the loss of life and joy'</h2>

The statement by OceanGate read, "These men were true explorers who shared a distinct spirit of adventure, and a deep passion for exploring and protecting the world’s oceans."&nbsp;

"Our hearts are with these five souls and every member of their families during this tragic time. We grieve the loss of life and joy they brought to everyone they knew."&nbsp;

Watch this report:&nbsp;

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It further added that this is an "extremely sad time for our dedicated employees who are exhausted and grieving deeply over this loss".

"The entire OceanGate family is deeply grateful for the countless men and women from multiple organisations of the international community who expedited wide-ranging resources and have worked so very hard on this mission," it added.

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OceanGate released a bleak statement on Thursday after the US Coast Guard said that a "debris field" has been discovered by an underwater robot searching near the wreck of the Titanic for a missing submersible with five people on board.

OceanGate released a bleak statement on Thursday after the US Coast Guard said that a "debris field" has been discovered by an underwater robot searching near the wreck of the Titanic for a missing submersible with five people on board. It said that the passengers have "sadly been lost". US Coast Guard Rear Admiral John Mauger said that he can't confirm whether the US Coast Guard will be able to recover the bodies of the five passengers, including the company OceanGate's CEO Stockton Rush, besides Shahzada Dawood and his son Suleman Dawood, Hamish Harding, and Paul-Henri Nargeolet. According to officials, five major pieces were detected amid the debris around the Titanic site. A nose cone, outside the pressure hull, and a larger debris field were among them. "This is an incredibly unforgiving environment," Mauger added, further mentioning that a few hours ago, an ROV from the vessel Horizon Artic found the tail cone of the Titan submersible approximately 1600 feet from the bow of the Titanic wreck. Also read: Debris field found near Titanic in search for missing sub: US Coast Guard The families of those on board were notified when they found additional debris, which according to the report was consistent with a catastrophic loss of the pressure chamber. Mauger stated that the US Coast Guard will keep working near the site to gather more information. He added that it's an "incredibly complex environment" on the sea floor, two miles beneath the surface. While weighing in on the possible timing of the collapse, Mauger told reporters that it was too early to tell what the timing of the implosion was. He added that since the search and rescue mission started, the US Coat Guard used sonar buoys out in the water for 72 hours and since they had been in place, they had not detected "any catastrophic events". Also read: Former submersible customer calls dive to the Titanic a 'kamikaze operation' 'We grieve the loss of life and joy' The statement by OceanGate read, "These men were true explorers who shared a distinct spirit of adventure, and a deep passion for exploring and protecting the world’s oceans." "Our hearts are with these five souls and every member of their families during this tragic time. We grieve the loss of life and joy they brought to everyone they knew." Watch this report: × It further added that this is an "extremely sad time for our dedicated employees who are exhausted and grieving deeply over this loss". "The entire OceanGate family is deeply grateful for the countless men and women from multiple organisations of the international community who expedited wide-ranging resources and have worked so very hard on this mission," it added. WATCH WION LIVE HERE You can now write for wionews.com and be a part of the community. Share your stories and opinions with us here.

No survivors from missing Titanic submersible, all five on board believed to be dead: US Coast Guard

After the discovery of the wreckage of the Titan submersible on the ocean floor, the sub-investigators are now gearing up&nbsp;to unravel the mystery behind the catastrophic implosion that took the lives of five individuals. Multiple international fleets of ships and aircraft were deployed to extensively search the North Atlantic, desperately hoping to locate any survivors. But the mission bore no fruit and the adventure to delve into the past resulted in a tragic incident killing everyone onboard the&nbsp;22-foot submersible.&nbsp;

Also Read | <a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/china-lambasts-us-envoy-as-bidens-dictator-remark-about-xi-sparks-controversy-607820">China lambasts US envoy as Biden's 'dictator' remark about Xi sparks controversy</a>

Rear Admiral John Mauger described the findings as indicative of a "catastrophic implosion." Two separate debris patches, one with the tail cone and the other with the landing frame, suggest that the vessel collapsed under immense water pressure and disintegrated, as per a BBC report.&nbsp;

<h2>Gathering debris and analysing structures</h2>

To ascertain the reasons behind the incident and explore potential preventive measures, authorities will meticulously collect every available piece of debris, according to Ryan Ramsey, a former submarine captain in the Royal Navy.

While there is no black box equivalent in this case, the investigation process parallels that of an airplane crash. "There is no black box, so you are not going to be able to track the last movements of the vessel itself," the expert reportedly said.&nbsp;

Also Read | <a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/us-combat-ship-to-make-rare-port-call-in-vietnam-amid-south-china-sea-tensions-607798">US combat ship to make rare port call in Vietnam amid South China Sea tensions</a>

Upon retrieval, investigators will closely examine the debris, paying particular attention to the carbon fibre structure. Ryan Ramsey emphasises that identifying the broken structure is crucial for understanding the final moments of the submersible. Microscopic analysis of each fragment will reveal the orientation of the carbon fibre filaments, enabling the detection of tears that pinpoint the exact location of the rupture.

<h2>Exploring structural failure&nbsp;</h2>

The primary question investigators aim to answer is whether the incident resulted from a structural failure. Professor Blair Thornton from the University of Southampton explains that if this was the case, the submersible would have experienced extraordinarily high pressures, akin to the weight of the Eiffel Tower.

He describes a powerful implosion of the main housing as a possible consequence.

Watch | Indian PM Modi and US President Biden stress democracy, minority rights in joint press conference

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Experts reportedly suggested that inadequate testing may have played a role in the structural failure.&nbsp;

Professor Roderick A Smith from Imperial College London notes that carbon fibre can fail due to internal defects in its construction. He highlighted the importance of meticulous inspection of the joints between carbon fibre and titanium.

Determining the sequence of events amidst the violent implosion poses a significant challenge, underscoring the need for careful retrieval and examination of the debris.

<h2>Investigation leadership and challenges</h2>

Currently, it remains unclear which agency will spearhead the investigation, as no specific protocol exists for submersible incidents.

As per reports, Admiral Mauger acknowledges the complexity of the situation, given that the incident occurred in a remote oceanic location involving individuals from various nationalities.

However, given the prominent role of the US Coast Guard in the rescue operation, it is likely that they will continue to play a significant part in the investigation process.

Among the five men aboard the Titan submersible was Hamish Harding, a 58-year-old adventurous entrepreneur from the UK and founder of the investment firm Action Group.

Joining him was Paul-Henry Nargeolet, a 77-year-old French maritime expert. Stockton Rush, the&nbsp;61-year-old CEO of OceanGate Inc. based in Everett, Washington, was also part of the expedition.

Additionally, there were Shahzada Dawood, 48, and his son Suleman Dawood, 19, representing one of Pakistan's most prominent families.

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After the discovery of the wreckage of the Titan submersible on the ocean floor, the sub-investigators are now gearing up to unravel the mystery behind the catastrophic implosion that took the lives of five individuals.

After the discovery of the wreckage of the Titan submersible on the ocean floor, the sub-investigators are now gearing up to unravel the mystery behind the catastrophic implosion that took the lives of five individuals. Multiple international fleets of ships and aircraft were deployed to extensively search the North Atlantic, desperately hoping to locate any survivors. But the mission bore no fruit and the adventure to delve into the past resulted in a tragic incident killing everyone onboard the 22-foot submersible. Also Read | China lambasts US envoy as Biden's 'dictator' remark about Xi sparks controversy Rear Admiral John Mauger described the findings as indicative of a "catastrophic implosion." Two separate debris patches, one with the tail cone and the other with the landing frame, suggest that the vessel collapsed under immense water pressure and disintegrated, as per a BBC report. Gathering debris and analysing structures To ascertain the reasons behind the incident and explore potential preventive measures, authorities will meticulously collect every available piece of debris, according to Ryan Ramsey, a former submarine captain in the Royal Navy. While there is no black box equivalent in this case, the investigation process parallels that of an airplane crash. "There is no black box, so you are not going to be able to track the last movements of the vessel itself," the expert reportedly said. Also Read | US combat ship to make rare port call in Vietnam amid South China Sea tensions Upon retrieval, investigators will closely examine the debris, paying particular attention to the carbon fibre structure. Ryan Ramsey emphasises that identifying the broken structure is crucial for understanding the final moments of the submersible. Microscopic analysis of each fragment will reveal the orientation of the carbon fibre filaments, enabling the detection of tears that pinpoint the exact location of the rupture. Exploring structural failure The primary question investigators aim to answer is whether the incident resulted from a structural failure. Professor Blair Thornton from the University of Southampton explains that if this was the case, the submersible would have experienced extraordinarily high pressures, akin to the weight of the Eiffel Tower. He describes a powerful implosion of the main housing as a possible consequence. Watch | Indian PM Modi and US President Biden stress democracy, minority rights in joint press conference × Experts reportedly suggested that inadequate testing may have played a role in the structural failure. Professor Roderick A Smith from Imperial College London notes that carbon fibre can fail due to internal defects in its construction. He highlighted the importance of meticulous inspection of the joints between carbon fibre and titanium. Determining the sequence of events amidst the violent implosion poses a significant challenge, underscoring the need for careful retrieval and examination of the debris. Investigation leadership and challenges Currently, it remains unclear which agency will spearhead the investigation, as no specific protocol exists for submersible incidents. As per reports, Admiral Mauger acknowledges the complexity of the situation, given that the incident occurred in a remote oceanic location involving individuals from various nationalities. However, given the prominent role of the US Coast Guard in the rescue operation, it is likely that they will continue to play a significant part in the investigation process. Among the five men aboard the Titan submersible was Hamish Harding, a 58-year-old adventurous entrepreneur from the UK and founder of the investment firm Action Group. Joining him was Paul-Henry Nargeolet, a 77-year-old French maritime expert. Stockton Rush, the 61-year-old CEO of OceanGate Inc. based in Everett, Washington, was also part of the expedition. Additionally, there were Shahzada Dawood, 48, and his son Suleman Dawood, 19, representing one of Pakistan's most prominent families. WATCH WION LIVE HERE You can now write for wionews.com and be a part of the community. Share your stories and opinions with us here. ×

How will the investigators uncover the reason behind Titan submersible's implosion?

Missing Titan Submarine's debris found 16,000 ft from Titanic's bow

Despite a three-day-long rescue operation, the five men on board the 22-foot submersible that had gone to see the Titanic could not be saved.

It is believed that a "catastrophic implosion" may have destroyed the Titan submersible.

This conclusion was drawn by the US Coast Guard after examining debris found underwater Thursday through a remote-controlled vehicle. The debris was found 1,600 feet (488 metres) from the bow of the Titanic.

“We immediately notified the families,” Rear Admiral John Mauger said at a briefing in Boston on Thursday.

“On behalf of the US Coast Guard and the entire unified command, I offer my deepest condolences.”

The rescuers had to race against time as Titan’s 96-hour oxygen supply was dwindling after it lost contact with the Canadian research vessel Polar Prince on June 18.

International fleets of ships and aircraft were deployed to scour the North Atlantic in the hopes of finding survivors.

There were five men on board the Titan. They were Hamish Harding, 58, of the UK, founder of investment firm Action Group and an avid adventurer; French maritime expert Paul-Henry Nargeolet, 77; Stockton Rush, 61, chief executive officer of Everett, Washington-based OceanGate Inc., which ran the expedition; and Shahzada Dawood, 48, and Suleman Dawood, 19, a father and son in one of Pakistan's most prominent families.

<h2>What is catastrophic implosion?</h2>

A catastrophic implosion happens when a vessel collapses on itself due to overwhelming internal pressure. When the pressure within a confined space becomes too much for the structure to bear, it leads to a catastrophic collapse.

Titan's’ main body, or “the hull”, is made of carbon fibre and titanium. The carbon fibre reinforced plastic hull might have collapsed when the hull imploded.

“This is because the material is not ductile as metal alloys and therefore it catastrophically implodes,” Professor Stefano Brizzolara, the co-director of Virginia Tech Center for Marine Autonomy and Robotics, told ABC News.

At sea level, atmospheric pressure is 14.7 pounds per square inch (psi).

Water pressure at the depth where the ocean liner lies is equivalent to around 400 atmospheres, nearly 6,000 psi.

As a comparison, the bite of a large great white shark exerts a force of nearly 4,000 psi, according to Scientific American.

It is believed that the implosion might have caused a defect in the hull or for some other reason, causing the submersible to collapse on itself in milliseconds as it was unable to withstand immense water pressure.

The chances of survival become zero as the occupants would have died instantly.

According to reports, OceanGate Inc. of Everett, which built the Titan, had designed the vessel to sustain the extreme water pressure at a depth of 4,000 meters.

However, safety concerns were raised after a lawsuit was filed involving OceanGate's former director of marine operations, David Lochridge, who was fired in 2018 after warning about the Titan's "experimental" carbon fibre hull.

<h2>How the implosion might have happened </h2>

Experts noted that a flood or failure of the vessel to withstand water pressure might have likely caused the implosion.

“That kind of catastrophic event would have happened within 20 milliseconds," submarine expert Eric Fusil from the University of Adelaide told ABC News.

The pressure hull of the Titan was made of a combination of titanium and a composite material of carbon fibres. The navy submarines, on the other hand, use high strength steel or titanium alloys.

"The titanium pressure vessel is very elastic— it can crush and then restore its&nbsp;initial shape," Fusil was quoted as saying.

"But the carbon&nbsp;fibres are&nbsp;completely different&nbsp;— it's something very stiff."

He, however, argued that the use of carbon fire is an “experimental technology” and it was too early to tell whether that design caused the issues.&nbsp;

<h2>What does an implosion feel like?</h2>

Fusil said that the five passengers on board Titan submersible might not have realised it was even happening.

"They wouldn't have realised they were dying because they cannot process that information that quickly," he was quoted as saying.

Forensic&nbsp;engineer Bart Kemper described the implosion to pricking a balloon.&nbsp;

"When I take a needle and&nbsp;poke it into a balloon, once you&nbsp;break that balloon, it's gone," he said.

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/no-survivors-from-missing-titanic-sub-as-all-five-on-board-believed-to-be-dead-607539">No survivors from missing Titanic sub, all five on board believed to be dead</a>

"That's exactly the problem you have&nbsp;with a pressure vessel, and the fact&nbsp;that this is external pressure, not&nbsp;internal pressure, it doesn't&nbsp;matter.

"Once you lose integrity,&nbsp;with these kinds of pressures, it's&nbsp;gone," he said.

<h2>Titan, the submersible that went down</h2>

The 6.7-metre-long Titan was designed to carry a pilot and four crew to a maximum depth of 4,000 metres (13,120 feet).

According to OceanGate's website, an onboard system was able to track the health of the crew and provide “early warning detection for the pilot with enough time to arrest the descent and safely return to surface.”

But no messages were received after a mothership on the surface lost all communications with the Titan on June 18, about 1 hour and 45 minutes after it began diving toward the Titanic, which sank in 1912 on its first trans-Atlantic voyage.

(With inputs from agencies)

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Despite a three-day-long rescue operation, the five men on board the 22-foot submersible that had gone to see the Titanic could not be saved. It is believed that a "catastrophic implosion" may have destroyed the Titan submersible.

Despite a three-day-long rescue operation, the five men on board the 22-foot submersible that had gone to see the Titanic could not be saved. It is believed that a "catastrophic implosion" may have destroyed the Titan submersible. This conclusion was drawn by the US Coast Guard after examining debris found underwater Thursday through a remote-controlled vehicle. The debris was found 1,600 feet (488 metres) from the bow of the Titanic. “We immediately notified the families,” Rear Admiral John Mauger said at a briefing in Boston on Thursday. “On behalf of the US Coast Guard and the entire unified command, I offer my deepest condolences.” The rescuers had to race against time as Titan’s 96-hour oxygen supply was dwindling after it lost contact with the Canadian research vessel Polar Prince on June 18. International fleets of ships and aircraft were deployed to scour the North Atlantic in the hopes of finding survivors. There were five men on board the Titan. They were Hamish Harding, 58, of the UK, founder of investment firm Action Group and an avid adventurer; French maritime expert Paul-Henry Nargeolet, 77; Stockton Rush, 61, chief executive officer of Everett, Washington-based OceanGate Inc., which ran the expedition; and Shahzada Dawood, 48, and Suleman Dawood, 19, a father and son in one of Pakistan's most prominent families. What is catastrophic implosion? A catastrophic implosion happens when a vessel collapses on itself due to overwhelming internal pressure. When the pressure within a confined space becomes too much for the structure to bear, it leads to a catastrophic collapse. Titan's’ main body, or “the hull”, is made of carbon fibre and titanium. The carbon fibre reinforced plastic hull might have collapsed when the hull imploded. “This is because the material is not ductile as metal alloys and therefore it catastrophically implodes,” Professor Stefano Brizzolara, the co-director of Virginia Tech Center for Marine Autonomy and Robotics, told ABC News. At sea level, atmospheric pressure is 14.7 pounds per square inch (psi). Water pressure at the depth where the ocean liner lies is equivalent to around 400 atmospheres, nearly 6,000 psi. As a comparison, the bite of a large great white shark exerts a force of nearly 4,000 psi, according to Scientific American. It is believed that the implosion might have caused a defect in the hull or for some other reason, causing the submersible to collapse on itself in milliseconds as it was unable to withstand immense water pressure. The chances of survival become zero as the occupants would have died instantly. According to reports, OceanGate Inc. of Everett, which built the Titan, had designed the vessel to sustain the extreme water pressure at a depth of 4,000 meters. However, safety concerns were raised after a lawsuit was filed involving OceanGate's former director of marine operations, David Lochridge, who was fired in 2018 after warning about the Titan's "experimental" carbon fibre hull. How the implosion might have happened Experts noted that a flood or failure of the vessel to withstand water pressure might have likely caused the implosion. “That kind of catastrophic event would have happened within 20 milliseconds," submarine expert Eric Fusil from the University of Adelaide told ABC News. The pressure hull of the Titan was made of a combination of titanium and a composite material of carbon fibres. The navy submarines, on the other hand, use high strength steel or titanium alloys. "The titanium pressure vessel is very elastic— it can crush and then restore its initial shape," Fusil was quoted as saying. "But the carbon fibres are completely different — it's something very stiff." He, however, argued that the use of carbon fire is an “experimental technology” and it was too early to tell whether that design caused the issues. What does an implosion feel like? Fusil said that the five passengers on board Titan submersible might not have realised it was even happening. "They wouldn't have realised they were dying because they cannot process that information that quickly," he was quoted as saying. Forensic engineer Bart Kemper described the implosion to pricking a balloon. "When I take a needle and poke it into a balloon, once you break that balloon, it's gone," he said. Also read | No survivors from missing Titanic sub, all five on board believed to be dead "That's exactly the problem you have with a pressure vessel, and the fact that this is external pressure, not internal pressure, it doesn't matter. "Once you lose integrity, with these kinds of pressures, it's gone," he said. Titan, the submersible that went down The 6.7-metre-long Titan was designed to carry a pilot and four crew to a maximum depth of 4,000 metres (13,120 feet). According to OceanGate's website, an onboard system was able to track the health of the crew and provide “early warning detection for the pilot with enough time to arrest the descent and safely return to surface.” But no messages were received after a mothership on the surface lost all communications with the Titan on June 18, about 1 hour and 45 minutes after it began diving toward the Titanic, which sank in 1912 on its first trans-Atlantic voyage. (With inputs from agencies) WATCH WION LIVE HERE

Explained | What is ‘catastrophic implosion’, likely cause of Titan submersible’s destruction?  

A catastrophic implosion, such as that believed to have destroyed the Titan, would have happened with incredible force and speed, given the crushing water pressure on the floor of the ocean. In an implosion caused by a defect in the hull or for some other reason, the submersible would collapse in on itself in milliseconds, crushed by the immense water pressure. The deep ocean is dark. The titanic lies within a region known as the midnight zone.. Navigating at this depth is a challenging task. Due to perpetual darkness, it is easy to become disoriented on the seabed. In rare events, powerful, sporadic currents can sweep away material on seabed. Sudden flows of sediment along the sea bed have been known to damage and even carry off human-made objects on the ocean floor in the past.

Titan mishap: Implosion with incredible force & speed | Crushing water pressure on floor of ocean

On Wednesday, the United States Coast Guard stated that a Canadian aircraft discovered underwater noises in the North Atlantic while searching for a tourist submersible that went missing while headed to the Titanic wreck. It has been missing for four long days and eight more ships are joining in the search mission. More updates about this in the report.

Rescuers race against time in the North Atlantic

The world is looking transfixed as rescue teams from all around the globe frantically search for a lost submersible, with five people on-board,&nbsp;near the site of the Titanic wreckage in the Atlantic Ocean.&nbsp;

The five individuals on board the vessel reportedly have just a few hours of oxygen remaining.

According to the US Coast Guard, the stranded crew members have less than 4 hours of oxygen left. The latest update on breathable air in the vessel has&nbsp;prompted the rescue teams to work tirelessly around the clock.

Earlier on Wednesday, a Canadian aircraft equipped with SONAR capabilities had detected banging sounds in the vicinity, prompting the deployment of remotely operated vehicles to investigate the origin of the noise.

Also watch |&nbsp;Submersible touring the wreckage of the Titanic goes missing

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While these sounds had&nbsp;sparked hope that the passengers of the small tourist craft are still alive, its source remained inconclusive.

"In the midst of a search-and-rescue operation, hope always persists. However, regarding the specific nature of the sounds, we cannot definitively determine their origin," stated Coast Guard Captain Jamie Frederick in an official statement.

In emergency situations, the Titan was designed to carry up to oxygen supply enough to last 96 hours.

<h2>Missing Titanic submersible: Search and rescue teams</h2>

Multiple entities, including the US Coast Guard, Canadian military aircraft, French ships, and teleoperated robots, are collaborating in this multinational endeavor to locate the missing submersible. The incident occurred on Sunday, June 18,&nbsp;when the vessel was on the way to view the Titanic wreckage.

<h2>Missing submersible: Who all are inside vessel?</h2>

The individuals&nbsp;onboard the vessel include British billionaire and adventurer Hamish Harding, 58, Pakistani-born businessman Shahzada Dawood, 48, with his 19-year-old son Suleman, French explorer Paul-Henri Nargeolet, 77, and Stockton Rush, 61, founder and chief executive of OceanGate.

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/trending/who-is-shahzada-dawood-one-of-pakistans-wealthiest-men-and-teenage-son-on-board-missing-titanic-submarine-606425">Who is Shahzada Dawood? One of Pakistan's wealthiest men on board the missing Titanic submersible</a>

The unfolding events surrounding the missing submersible and the race against time to rescue its potential survivors have captivated people worldwide.

People have been transfixed by their television screens, with maritime experts describing&nbsp;the challenges faced during rescue efforts in such an expansive oceanic environment.

In 2018, experts had expressed safety concerns regarding the submersible vessel, highlighting the decision by OceanGate to forgo third-party certification, such as the involvement of the American Bureau of Shipping, a leading authority in classifying submersibles.

The submersible saga resonates with high-stakes rescue operations of the recent past, such as the 2010 recovery of more than 30 miners trapped in Chile and the miraculous recovery of a Thai boys' football team from a flooded cave system in 2018.&nbsp;

This week, there have been more than 2 million searches on Google for "submarine missing", according to Reuters.

&nbsp;

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The world is looking transfixed as rescue teams from all around the globe frantically search for a lost submersible, with five people on-board, near the site of the Titanic wreckage in the Atlantic Ocean.

The world is looking transfixed as rescue teams from all around the globe frantically search for a lost submersible, with five people on-board, near the site of the Titanic wreckage in the Atlantic Ocean. The five individuals on board the vessel reportedly have just a few hours of oxygen remaining. According to the US Coast Guard, the stranded crew members have less than 4 hours of oxygen left. The latest update on breathable air in the vessel has prompted the rescue teams to work tirelessly around the clock. Earlier on Wednesday, a Canadian aircraft equipped with SONAR capabilities had detected banging sounds in the vicinity, prompting the deployment of remotely operated vehicles to investigate the origin of the noise. Also watch | Submersible touring the wreckage of the Titanic goes missing × While these sounds had sparked hope that the passengers of the small tourist craft are still alive, its source remained inconclusive. "In the midst of a search-and-rescue operation, hope always persists. However, regarding the specific nature of the sounds, we cannot definitively determine their origin," stated Coast Guard Captain Jamie Frederick in an official statement. In emergency situations, the Titan was designed to carry up to oxygen supply enough to last 96 hours. Missing Titanic submersible: Search and rescue teams Multiple entities, including the US Coast Guard, Canadian military aircraft, French ships, and teleoperated robots, are collaborating in this multinational endeavor to locate the missing submersible. The incident occurred on Sunday, June 18, when the vessel was on the way to view the Titanic wreckage. Missing submersible: Who all are inside vessel? The individuals onboard the vessel include British billionaire and adventurer Hamish Harding, 58, Pakistani-born businessman Shahzada Dawood, 48, with his 19-year-old son Suleman, French explorer Paul-Henri Nargeolet, 77, and Stockton Rush, 61, founder and chief executive of OceanGate. Also read | Who is Shahzada Dawood? One of Pakistan's wealthiest men on board the missing Titanic submersible The unfolding events surrounding the missing submersible and the race against time to rescue its potential survivors have captivated people worldwide. People have been transfixed by their television screens, with maritime experts describing the challenges faced during rescue efforts in such an expansive oceanic environment. In 2018, experts had expressed safety concerns regarding the submersible vessel, highlighting the decision by OceanGate to forgo third-party certification, such as the involvement of the American Bureau of Shipping, a leading authority in classifying submersibles. The submersible saga resonates with high-stakes rescue operations of the recent past, such as the 2010 recovery of more than 30 miners trapped in Chile and the miraculous recovery of a Thai boys' football team from a flooded cave system in 2018. This week, there have been more than 2 million searches on Google for "submarine missing", according to Reuters. WATCH WION LIVE HERE

Breathless countdown for Titanic submersible with just few hours of oxygen remaining

Perhaps it's a coincidence that a seafaring vessel named 'Titan' would go missing as it attempted to approach 'The Titanic'. Perhaps the story has enough meat for those of us with prophetic proclivities to go on and on for coming decades. The submersible Titan is indeed similar in name to Titanic, the 'unsinkable' ship that's at the bottom of the ocean now. Is the name or anything to do with it cursed? We don't know.

But there would be enough time to ponder on such things later. Now is the time to search for the missing submersible and save the lives of those within. An international search effort is underway at least at the time of publishing of this story. The clock is ticking&nbsp;and the possibility of those onboard surviving turns bleak by the second. There is no clue as of now what has happened to Titan. Is it wedged in the sea floor, or is it roaming the vast marine expanse without a way to communicate with the world? Or has it exploded?

It would be for the rescuers to make an official statement on this but we can explore some worst-case scenarios we'd pray do not come to pass.

Titan losing communication link

It is possible that Titan is still intact and that it has only lost contact with the outside world because of communication equipment failure.

Contact with Titan was lost after 1 hour 45 minutes into the expedition. Experts have been quoted in media reports as saying that Titan would have been at a depth of 3500 metres below sea level.&nbsp;

Watch | Titanic submarine: Missing submersible has about 30 hours of air

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The Guardian has said that when submersibles go underwater, they communicate with surface ships with an acoustic link. Sometimes, submersibles have two communication systems with independent power supplies.

The first system is an acoustic beacon that pings the surface ship with the location of the submersible. The second system can carry short text-like messages.

It is being reported in the media that Titan did not have an acoustic beacon and that the submersible had become lost in the past.

Possible solution:

In case of communication system failing, Titan should have dropped the weight it carried. This would have enabled the submersible to surface to the water. A fresh attempt to send radio signals could have been then made.

A fire inside the submersible

The air inside the cabin of a submersible is usually oxygen-rich so that crew and passengers are allowed to breathe. But this very fact makes fires highly likely. Anything inflammable, even petroleum-based make-up products, are banned during deep dives.

Also Read | <a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/canadian-aircraft-detects-undersea-sounds-in-search-for-titanic-submersible-606820">Canadian aircraft detects undersea sounds in search for Titan submersible</a>

But fire can still occur and cause an inescapable situation in which people inside the submersible choke on smoke thousands of metres underwater.

Such a scenario likely leaves a low chance of survival and for any remedial measure.&nbsp;

Submersible getting wedged on the sea-floor

This scenario is also likely. In such a case specialised deep-sea submersibles and sonar would have to be used in order to have a chance of finding Titan.

Submersible surfacing but passengers getting trapped

Even if Titan has surfaced, the danger to the crew and passengers isn't over. It has been reported that Titan's hatch can only be opened from the outside.

This means that people inside would still be trapped even if the submersible surfaced. Those inside would still need an emergency oxygen supply which definitely isn't unlimited.

Submersible exploding underwater due to enormous pressure

This is truly a worst-case scenario. Titan was at a depth of 3500 metres when it lost contact. Water pressure at this depth alone is more than two tonnes per square inch.

This means that every square inch of the surface of the submersible experienced pressure of more than two tonnes!

When we consider that Titan was going even deeper to explore the Titanic wreck situated at 3800 metres below the sea surface, it's easy to imagine that the enormous pressure on the structure of the vessel was only going to increase.

It has been reported that Titan's hull was made of carbon fibre. Carbon fibre is widely considered to be an untested material for such depths.

Any undersea explosion, however, would have been caught by military hydrophones installed in oceans worldwide. Till now there is no indication of such a report.

The clock is truly ticking for those on board the Titan.

Titan is about the size of a school bus. The submersible is 21 feet (6.5 metres) long. During this expedition, there were three fee-paying passengers on board.

These included billionaire Hamish Harding, Pakistani business tycoon Shahzada Dawood and his son Suleman.

The company OceanGate Expeditions runs the Titan's trips. If you want to take one, you will have to pay USD 250,000 for a single seat.

Stockton Rush, CEO of OceanGate Expeditions and French submarine operator&nbsp;Paul-Henri Nargeolet are also onboard. Nargolet has been nicknamed "Mr Titanic" because of his frequent dives at the site.

You can now write for wionews.com and be a part of the community. Share your stories and opinions with us <a href="https://www.wionews.com/content-contribution-registration-form">here</a>.

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&nbsp;

Perhaps it's a coincidence that a seafaring vessel named 'Titan' would go missing as it attempted to approach 'The Titanic'. Perhaps the story has enough meat for those of us with prophetic proclivities to go on and on for coming decades.

Perhaps it's a coincidence that a seafaring vessel named 'Titan' would go missing as it attempted to approach 'The Titanic'. Perhaps the story has enough meat for those of us with prophetic proclivities to go on and on for coming decades. The submersible Titan is indeed similar in name to Titanic, the 'unsinkable' ship that's at the bottom of the ocean now. Is the name or anything to do with it cursed? We don't know. But there would be enough time to ponder on such things later. Now is the time to search for the missing submersible and save the lives of those within. An international search effort is underway at least at the time of publishing of this story. The clock is ticking and the possibility of those onboard surviving turns bleak by the second. There is no clue as of now what has happened to Titan. Is it wedged in the sea floor, or is it roaming the vast marine expanse without a way to communicate with the world? Or has it exploded? It would be for the rescuers to make an official statement on this but we can explore some worst-case scenarios we'd pray do not come to pass. Titan losing communication link It is possible that Titan is still intact and that it has only lost contact with the outside world because of communication equipment failure. Contact with Titan was lost after 1 hour 45 minutes into the expedition. Experts have been quoted in media reports as saying that Titan would have been at a depth of 3500 metres below sea level. Watch | Titanic submarine: Missing submersible has about 30 hours of air × The Guardian has said that when submersibles go underwater, they communicate with surface ships with an acoustic link. Sometimes, submersibles have two communication systems with independent power supplies. The first system is an acoustic beacon that pings the surface ship with the location of the submersible. The second system can carry short text-like messages. It is being reported in the media that Titan did not have an acoustic beacon and that the submersible had become lost in the past. Possible solution: In case of communication system failing, Titan should have dropped the weight it carried. This would have enabled the submersible to surface to the water. A fresh attempt to send radio signals could have been then made. A fire inside the submersible The air inside the cabin of a submersible is usually oxygen-rich so that crew and passengers are allowed to breathe. But this very fact makes fires highly likely. Anything inflammable, even petroleum-based make-up products, are banned during deep dives. Also Read | Canadian aircraft detects undersea sounds in search for Titan submersible But fire can still occur and cause an inescapable situation in which people inside the submersible choke on smoke thousands of metres underwater. Such a scenario likely leaves a low chance of survival and for any remedial measure. Submersible getting wedged on the sea-floor This scenario is also likely. In such a case specialised deep-sea submersibles and sonar would have to be used in order to have a chance of finding Titan. Submersible surfacing but passengers getting trapped Even if Titan has surfaced, the danger to the crew and passengers isn't over. It has been reported that Titan's hatch can only be opened from the outside. This means that people inside would still be trapped even if the submersible surfaced. Those inside would still need an emergency oxygen supply which definitely isn't unlimited. Submersible exploding underwater due to enormous pressure This is truly a worst-case scenario. Titan was at a depth of 3500 metres when it lost contact. Water pressure at this depth alone is more than two tonnes per square inch. This means that every square inch of the surface of the submersible experienced pressure of more than two tonnes! When we consider that Titan was going even deeper to explore the Titanic wreck situated at 3800 metres below the sea surface, it's easy to imagine that the enormous pressure on the structure of the vessel was only going to increase. It has been reported that Titan's hull was made of carbon fibre. Carbon fibre is widely considered to be an untested material for such depths. Any undersea explosion, however, would have been caught by military hydrophones installed in oceans worldwide. Till now there is no indication of such a report. The clock is truly ticking for those on board the Titan. Titan is about the size of a school bus. The submersible is 21 feet (6.5 metres) long. During this expedition, there were three fee-paying passengers on board. These included billionaire Hamish Harding, Pakistani business tycoon Shahzada Dawood and his son Suleman. The company OceanGate Expeditions runs the Titan's trips. If you want to take one, you will have to pay USD 250,000 for a single seat. Stockton Rush, CEO of OceanGate Expeditions and French submarine operator Paul-Henri Nargeolet are also onboard. Nargolet has been nicknamed "Mr Titanic" because of his frequent dives at the site. You can now write for wionews.com and be a part of the community. Share your stories and opinions with us here. WATCH WION LIVE HERE ×

Explained | Finding Titanic submersible: Worst-case scenarios and possible solutions

The joint search operation by American and Canadian ships and planes continued for a third day as rescuers raced against time on Tuesday (June 20) to find a submersible with five people on board who went to explore the wreckage of the Titanic in the North Atlantic.&nbsp;

The United States Coast Guard-led search for the small craft Titan is taking place off the coast of southeastern Canada where tourists were taken to explore the wreckage of the Titanic&nbsp;on Sunday.&nbsp;

<h2>What has happened so far?</h2>

According to the US Coast Guard, there were five people, one pilot and four passengers, on board the tour firm OceanGate Expeditions’ submersible “Titan”. The Washington-based private company has been deploying crewed submersibles for deep-sea expeditions and said is “mobilising all options” to get the crew back safely and working with the government agencies.&nbsp;

ALSO READ |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/submersible-to-take-tourists-to-titanic-wreck-goes-missing-in-atlantic-ocean-606170">Submersible meant to take tourists to Titanic wreck goes missing in Atlantic Ocean</a>

The submersible had between 70 and 96 hours of emergency oxygen as of Monday, said the US Coast Guard, adding that the vessel can stay underwater for up to 96 hours.&nbsp;It was not immediately clear if the vessel had resurfaced and was unable to communicate. 
 
US Coast Guard Captain Jamie Frederick, in an update&nbsp;on Tuesday afternoon,&nbsp;said that&nbsp;deep-diving tourist submersible has only&nbsp;"about 40 hours of breathable air".&nbsp;Additionally, even if the submersible has resurfaced the occupants cannot escape without assistance since it is sealed with bolts from the outside.

The submersible was carrying five people to see the wreckage of the RMS Titanic which sank during its maiden voyage from Southampton, England, to New York, US in April 1912 after colliding with an iceberg, killing at least 1,500 people of the roughly 2,200 passengers and crew.&nbsp;

Since then the Titanic’s shipwreck, which was first discovered in 1985 around 650 kilometres off the coast of Canada and lies about 12,500 feet (3,810 metres) below the surface, has been explored extensively.&nbsp;

<h2>What happened on Sunday?</h2>

The five-person submersible had taken wealthy adventurers on a $250,000 trip, on Sunday to see the wreckage of the sunken Titanic which some have predicted would disappear in a matter of decades.

ALSO READ |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/missing-titanic-submarine-what-is-oceangates-titan-how-a-submersible-is-different-from-a-submarine-606493">Missing Titanic submarine: What is OceanGate's Titan and its Titanic expedition? Here's all you need to know</a>

The Titan’s dive on Sunday was supposed to be just another of many organised by the OceanGate since 2021. The support vessel Polar Prince, an icebreaker hired by OceanGate that takes people and the submersible vessel, arrived near the Titanic shipwreck on Sunday morning. As per reports, the submersible typically takes two hours to descend.

However, as per the Boston Coast Guard, the Titan “submerged Sunday morning, and the crew of the Polar Prince lost contact with them approximately one hour and 45 minutes into the vessel’s dive."

ALSO READ |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/trending/watch-file-footage-of-titanic-tourist-submersible-it-was-lost-for-hours-in-2022-too-606511">Watch file footage of Titanic tourist submersible. It was lost for hours in 2022 too</a>

Notably, it is not the first time that the tourist submersible has disappeared as revealed in a video shot by CBS last summer. The video showed the vessel appeared to have lost communication with its mothership for almost two and a half hours.

<h2>About the search so far</h2>

The US Coast Guard is currently searching 1,450 kilometres east of the Cape Cod peninsula. In a statement, on Tuesday morning, the officials said that the Polar Prince along with another US coast guard team will continue to do “surface searches throughout the evening".

This comes after US Coast Guard’s Rear Admiral John Mauger, addressing the press, on Monday said that it’s been challenging to search such a remote area. He added that the operation is also being conducted in two parts, which included a surface search in case the Titan has surfaced but is unable to establish communications, and an underwater sonar search. 
 
In an update on Tuesday,&nbsp;Frederick said that the US and&nbsp;Canadian aircraft have searched more than 7,600 square miles with a commercial vessel and&nbsp;an unmanned vehicle capable of deep dives was also searching near the site.&nbsp;

 
ALSO READ |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/one-window-no-seats-freezing-temps-what-is-it-like-to-be-trapped-inside-titanics-claustrophobic-vessel-606558">One window, no seats, freezing temps: What is it like to be trapped inside Titanic's claustrophobic vessel</a>

In addition to the US and Canadian rescue ships and planes scouring the area, sonar buoys are also being deployed to monitor the water depth of around 3,900 metres. The coast guard has also deployed two C-130 Hercules aircraft for surface search joined by Canadian C-130, and a P8 aircraft equipped with underwater sonar.&nbsp;

According to OceanGate’s website, the expedition begins in the Canadian city of St John’s, Newfoundland, before heading out around 640 kilometres into the North Atlantic Ocean to the wreckage site. 
 
Why is the search so difficult?

Speaking to Reuters, two experts, on Tuesday, detailed the hostile conditions that any search and rescue operations might face while looking for the missing submersible. According to Tim Matlin, who has spent years studying the sunken ship and its wreckage, it's “pitch black down there”. He added, “You can’t see your hand in front of your face.”&nbsp;

Matlin also went on to describe the conditions like “being an astronaut going into space. So I do fear for the lives of those explorers who are on board."

ALSO READ |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/tourist-vessel-missing-near-titanic-wreck-how-is-submersible-different-from-a-submarine-606512">Tourist vessel missing near Titanic wreck: How is submersible different from a submarine?</a>

Meanwhile, Jamie Pringle, a Forensic Geoscience at Keele University in the United Kingdom told the news agency that the first 24 hours of the search were key and that the chance of survival is now greatly reduced.&nbsp;

<h2>Who was on board the submersible?</h2>

As mentioned earlier, while the officials have confirmed there are five people on board, only the identity of three people have been confirmed so far, which included British billionaire Hamish Harding (58), Vice Chairman of one of Pakistan’s largest conglomerates Shahzada Dawood and his son, Suleman Dawood.&nbsp;

Meanwhile, as per reports, 77-year-old French explorer Paul-Henri Nargeolet and Stockton Rush who is the founder and CEO of the tour firm OceanGate, are also on board, but there is no official confirmation on this yet.&nbsp;

Hamish Harding

One of the passengers, who is confirmed to be on board the missing submersible, Harding, chairman of aviation consultancy Action Aviation, took to Facebook, on Saturday and said, “Due to the worst winter in Newfoundland in 40 years, this mission is likely to be the first and only manned mission to the Titanic in 2023.”&nbsp;

ALSO READ |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/who-is-hamish-harding-british-billionaire-and-guinness-world-record-holder-who-went-missing-on-titanic-sub-606416">Who is Hamish Harding, the British billionaire on board missing Titanic submersible?</a> 
 
He added, “A weather window has just opened up and we are going to attempt a dive tomorrow,” adding that more expedition updates will follow “IF the weather holds!”.&nbsp;

That the United Arab Emirates-based businessman had been&nbsp;missing, was later confirmed by Harding’s stepson in a now-deleted Facebook post where he wrote that Harding had “gone missing on submarine” and asked for “thoughts and prayers”.&nbsp;

He later deleted the post citing respect for the family’s privacy.&nbsp;According to a previous social media report, Harding said that he would be on board the Titan as a “mission specialist”.&nbsp;

Shahzada Dawood and his son Suleman

The Dawood family has confirmed that Shahzada the Vice Chairman of Engro Corporation and his son Suleman are on board the missing submersible. “We are very grateful for the concern being shown by our colleagues and friends and would like to request everyone to pray for their safety,” said their family, on Tuesday.&nbsp;

ALSO READ |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/trending/who-is-shahzada-dawood-one-of-pakistans-wealthiest-men-and-teenage-son-on-board-missing-titanic-submarine-606425">Who is Shahzada Dawood? One of Pakistan's wealthiest men on board the missing Titanic submersible</a>

Paul-Henri Nargeolet&nbsp;

The 77-year-old French explorer is also on the missing submersible, a family spokesman told the BBC. Notably, he leads the underwater research at a company that owns the rights to the Titanic wreck and is nicknamed “Mr Titanic”. The former commander of the French Navy, Nargeolet reportedly served as both a deep diver and a minesweeper.&nbsp;

Stockton Rush

According to media reports, Rush, who is the founder and CEO of OceanGate is said to be on board the missing submersible. “The ocean is taking this thing, and we need to document it before it all disappears or becomes unrecognisable,” Rush had told the Associated Press back in 2021.&nbsp;

(With inputs from agencies)&nbsp; 
&nbsp;

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The joint search operation by American and Canadian ships and planes continued for a third day as rescuers raced against time on Tuesday (June 20) to find a submersible with five people on board who went to explore the wreckage of the Titanic in the North Atlantic.

The joint search operation by American and Canadian ships and planes continued for a third day as rescuers raced against time on Tuesday (June 20) to find a submersible with five people on board who went to explore the wreckage of the Titanic in the North Atlantic. The United States Coast Guard-led search for the small craft Titan is taking place off the coast of southeastern Canada where tourists were taken to explore the wreckage of the Titanic on Sunday. What has happened so far? According to the US Coast Guard, there were five people, one pilot and four passengers, on board the tour firm OceanGate Expeditions’ submersible “Titan”. The Washington-based private company has been deploying crewed submersibles for deep-sea expeditions and said is “mobilising all options” to get the crew back safely and working with the government agencies. ALSO READ | Submersible meant to take tourists to Titanic wreck goes missing in Atlantic Ocean The submersible had between 70 and 96 hours of emergency oxygen as of Monday, said the US Coast Guard, adding that the vessel can stay underwater for up to 96 hours. It was not immediately clear if the vessel had resurfaced and was unable to communicate. US Coast Guard Captain Jamie Frederick, in an update on Tuesday afternoon, said that deep-diving tourist submersible has only "about 40 hours of breathable air". Additionally, even if the submersible has resurfaced the occupants cannot escape without assistance since it is sealed with bolts from the outside. The submersible was carrying five people to see the wreckage of the RMS Titanic which sank during its maiden voyage from Southampton, England, to New York, US in April 1912 after colliding with an iceberg, killing at least 1,500 people of the roughly 2,200 passengers and crew. Since then the Titanic’s shipwreck, which was first discovered in 1985 around 650 kilometres off the coast of Canada and lies about 12,500 feet (3,810 metres) below the surface, has been explored extensively. What happened on Sunday? The five-person submersible had taken wealthy adventurers on a $250,000 trip, on Sunday to see the wreckage of the sunken Titanic which some have predicted would disappear in a matter of decades. ALSO READ | Missing Titanic submarine: What is OceanGate's Titan and its Titanic expedition? Here's all you need to know The Titan’s dive on Sunday was supposed to be just another of many organised by the OceanGate since 2021. The support vessel Polar Prince, an icebreaker hired by OceanGate that takes people and the submersible vessel, arrived near the Titanic shipwreck on Sunday morning. As per reports, the submersible typically takes two hours to descend. However, as per the Boston Coast Guard, the Titan “submerged Sunday morning, and the crew of the Polar Prince lost contact with them approximately one hour and 45 minutes into the vessel’s dive." ALSO READ | Watch file footage of Titanic tourist submersible. It was lost for hours in 2022 too Notably, it is not the first time that the tourist submersible has disappeared as revealed in a video shot by CBS last summer. The video showed the vessel appeared to have lost communication with its mothership for almost two and a half hours. About the search so far The US Coast Guard is currently searching 1,450 kilometres east of the Cape Cod peninsula. In a statement, on Tuesday morning, the officials said that the Polar Prince along with another US coast guard team will continue to do “surface searches throughout the evening". This comes after US Coast Guard’s Rear Admiral John Mauger, addressing the press, on Monday said that it’s been challenging to search such a remote area. He added that the operation is also being conducted in two parts, which included a surface search in case the Titan has surfaced but is unable to establish communications, and an underwater sonar search. In an update on Tuesday, Frederick said that the US and Canadian aircraft have searched more than 7,600 square miles with a commercial vessel and an unmanned vehicle capable of deep dives was also searching near the site. ALSO READ | One window, no seats, freezing temps: What is it like to be trapped inside Titanic's claustrophobic vessel In addition to the US and Canadian rescue ships and planes scouring the area, sonar buoys are also being deployed to monitor the water depth of around 3,900 metres. The coast guard has also deployed two C-130 Hercules aircraft for surface search joined by Canadian C-130, and a P8 aircraft equipped with underwater sonar. According to OceanGate’s website, the expedition begins in the Canadian city of St John’s, Newfoundland, before heading out around 640 kilometres into the North Atlantic Ocean to the wreckage site. Why is the search so difficult? Speaking to Reuters, two experts, on Tuesday, detailed the hostile conditions that any search and rescue operations might face while looking for the missing submersible. According to Tim Matlin, who has spent years studying the sunken ship and its wreckage, it's “pitch black down there”. He added, “You can’t see your hand in front of your face.” Matlin also went on to describe the conditions like “being an astronaut going into space. So I do fear for the lives of those explorers who are on board." ALSO READ | Tourist vessel missing near Titanic wreck: How is submersible different from a submarine? Meanwhile, Jamie Pringle, a Forensic Geoscience at Keele University in the United Kingdom told the news agency that the first 24 hours of the search were key and that the chance of survival is now greatly reduced. Who was on board the submersible? As mentioned earlier, while the officials have confirmed there are five people on board, only the identity of three people have been confirmed so far, which included British billionaire Hamish Harding (58), Vice Chairman of one of Pakistan’s largest conglomerates Shahzada Dawood and his son, Suleman Dawood. Meanwhile, as per reports, 77-year-old French explorer Paul-Henri Nargeolet and Stockton Rush who is the founder and CEO of the tour firm OceanGate, are also on board, but there is no official confirmation on this yet. Hamish Harding One of the passengers, who is confirmed to be on board the missing submersible, Harding, chairman of aviation consultancy Action Aviation, took to Facebook, on Saturday and said, “Due to the worst winter in Newfoundland in 40 years, this mission is likely to be the first and only manned mission to the Titanic in 2023.” ALSO READ | Who is Hamish Harding, the British billionaire on board missing Titanic submersible? He added, “A weather window has just opened up and we are going to attempt a dive tomorrow,” adding that more expedition updates will follow “IF the weather holds!”. That the United Arab Emirates-based businessman had been missing, was later confirmed by Harding’s stepson in a now-deleted Facebook post where he wrote that Harding had “gone missing on submarine” and asked for “thoughts and prayers”. He later deleted the post citing respect for the family’s privacy. According to a previous social media report, Harding said that he would be on board the Titan as a “mission specialist”. Shahzada Dawood and his son Suleman The Dawood family has confirmed that Shahzada the Vice Chairman of Engro Corporation and his son Suleman are on board the missing submersible. “We are very grateful for the concern being shown by our colleagues and friends and would like to request everyone to pray for their safety,” said their family, on Tuesday. ALSO READ | Who is Shahzada Dawood? One of Pakistan's wealthiest men on board the missing Titanic submersible Paul-Henri Nargeolet The 77-year-old French explorer is also on the missing submersible, a family spokesman told the BBC. Notably, he leads the underwater research at a company that owns the rights to the Titanic wreck and is nicknamed “Mr Titanic”. The former commander of the French Navy, Nargeolet reportedly served as both a deep diver and a minesweeper. Stockton Rush According to media reports, Rush, who is the founder and CEO of OceanGate is said to be on board the missing submersible. “The ocean is taking this thing, and we need to document it before it all disappears or becomes unrecognisable,” Rush had told the Associated Press back in 2021. (With inputs from agencies) WATCH WION LIVE HERE You can now write for wionews.com and be a part of the community. Share your stories and opinions with us here.

Explained | Ships, planes search for missing Titanic tourist submersible: What we know so far

A tourism expedition took a drastic turn when the wreck research vessel named 'Titan' went missing in the Atlantic in the early hours of Sunday. It was on wreckage expedition of Titanic that sank in 1912.

Titanic wreck research vessel with five people onboard lose contact, goes missing | WION

NASA's journey to Saturn's moon could reveal the chemistry that gave rise to life. An upcoming NASA mission to Saturn’s giant moon-Titan aims to discover the development of life. The mission called Dragonfly is due to launch in 2027 & will reach Titan in 2034.

NASA mission to Saturn's moon Titan may unravel secrets behind origin of life

Scientists are enthusiastic about establishing colonies on Mars, but is that a good idea? There have been claims and counterclaims over the possibility of living on Mars. Experts have noted that it's a planet where you cannot breathe.&nbsp;

The idea to find a place more Earth-like in the solar system is quite unreal, but not entirely. Titan, which is Saturn's largest Moon believed to be surprisingly similar to Earth.&nbsp;

Previous probes have concluded that Titan is the only Moon in the Solar System with a dense atmosphere.&nbsp;

It provides it with Earth-like weather phenomena. On Titan, methane rainfall converts into rivers, which later form lakes.&nbsp;

ALSO READ |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/presence-of-alien-tech-on-earth-scientist-wants-to-probe-interstellar-object-lying-in-the-pacific-ocean-473699">Presence of alien tech on Earth? Scientist wants to probe interstellar object 'lying in the Pacific Ocean'</a>

The rain, which is basically liquid methane, falls through nitrogen winds, experts have found.&nbsp;

As per a new model given by planetary scientists, another feature was found to be similar such as landscape formations.&nbsp;The findings are reported in Geophysical Research Letters.&nbsp;

As per a team of planetary scientists from Stanford University in California, materials produce hydrocarbon sand dunes. Scientists have found that the dunes are different to silicate sedimentary structures.&nbsp;

The team also explained that it was quite intriguing to observe the formation of the sand dunes, close to the rivers, lakes and oceans filled with liquid methane.&nbsp;

After creating a series of computer models, which further revealed that Titan has an Earth-like seasonal cycle within the atmosphere.&nbsp;

<img alt="Titan" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="f4a4be12-2da3-4c42-aa3a-9c5dd089fea5" src="//cdn.wionews.com/sites/default/files/inline-images/titan.jpg" />

Mosaics of Titan imaged by NASA's Cassini probe. (NASA/JPL/University of Arizona)

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The phenomenon drives the movement of grains over the Moon's surface. Such movement led to the formation of dunes and plains after clumps of hydrocarbons come together.&nbsp;

The study noted that "sediments on Saturn's Moon are thought to largely consist of mechanically weak organic grains, prone to rapid abrasion into dust."&nbsp;

Significantly, scientists see Titan as one of the main candidates for future human colonisation because of the Earth-like phenomena.&nbsp;

WATCH |&nbsp;What’s special about these astronauts returning to earth from space?

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ALSO READ |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/sounds-bizarre-but-this-woman-is-seriously-scared-of-aliens-after-nine-ufo-sightings-474361">Sounds BIZARRE but this woman is seriously scared of aliens after 'nine UFO sightings'</a>

Mathieu Lapôtre, geologist and study lead author said, "Our model adds a unifying framework that allows us to understand how all of these sedimentary environments work together."&nbsp;

Lapôtre, an assistant professor of geological sciences at Stanford's School of Earth, Energy &amp; Environmental Sciences added, "If we understand how the different pieces of the puzzle fit together and their mechanics, then we can start using the landforms left behind by those sedimentary processes to say something about the climate or the geological history of Titan—and how they could impact the prospect for life on Titan."&nbsp;

WATCH WION LIVE HERE

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&nbsp;

Scientists are enthusiastic about establishing colonies on Mars, but is that a good idea? There have been claims and counterclaims over the possibility of living on Mars.

Scientists are enthusiastic about establishing colonies on Mars, but is that a good idea? There have been claims and counterclaims over the possibility of living on Mars. Experts have noted that it's a planet where you cannot breathe. The idea to find a place more Earth-like in the solar system is quite unreal, but not entirely. Titan, which is Saturn's largest Moon believed to be surprisingly similar to Earth. Previous probes have concluded that Titan is the only Moon in the Solar System with a dense atmosphere. It provides it with Earth-like weather phenomena. On Titan, methane rainfall converts into rivers, which later form lakes. ALSO READ | Presence of alien tech on Earth? Scientist wants to probe interstellar object 'lying in the Pacific Ocean' The rain, which is basically liquid methane, falls through nitrogen winds, experts have found. As per a new model given by planetary scientists, another feature was found to be similar such as landscape formations. The findings are reported in Geophysical Research Letters. As per a team of planetary scientists from Stanford University in California, materials produce hydrocarbon sand dunes. Scientists have found that the dunes are different to silicate sedimentary structures. The team also explained that it was quite intriguing to observe the formation of the sand dunes, close to the rivers, lakes and oceans filled with liquid methane. After creating a series of computer models, which further revealed that Titan has an Earth-like seasonal cycle within the atmosphere. Mosaics of Titan imaged by NASA's Cassini probe. (NASA/JPL/University of Arizona) × The phenomenon drives the movement of grains over the Moon's surface. Such movement led to the formation of dunes and plains after clumps of hydrocarbons come together. The study noted that "sediments on Saturn's Moon are thought to largely consist of mechanically weak organic grains, prone to rapid abrasion into dust." Significantly, scientists see Titan as one of the main candidates for future human colonisation because of the Earth-like phenomena. WATCH | What’s special about these astronauts returning to earth from space? × ALSO READ | Sounds BIZARRE but this woman is seriously scared of aliens after 'nine UFO sightings' Mathieu Lapôtre, geologist and study lead author said, "Our model adds a unifying framework that allows us to understand how all of these sedimentary environments work together." Lapôtre, an assistant professor of geological sciences at Stanford's School of Earth, Energy & Environmental Sciences added, "If we understand how the different pieces of the puzzle fit together and their mechanics, then we can start using the landforms left behind by those sedimentary processes to say something about the climate or the geological history of Titan—and how they could impact the prospect for life on Titan." WATCH WION LIVE HERE ×

Fascinating fact: Saturn Moon Titan has Earth-like landscape

March 25 in history: From discovery of Saturn's moon to earthquake in Afghanistan's Hindu Kush

Jay Lycurgo has joined the cast of the third season of `Titans` for essaying the recurring role of Tim Drake. According to Variety, the character of Drake is described as a streetwise kid who has managed to grow up on the toughest streets without losing his indelible belief in heroism. 
 
In the `Batman` comics, Drake served with Batman as the third Robin. Besides the third season of `Titans,` Lycurgo will be seen portraying a supporting role in Matt Reeves` feature `The Batman.` 
 
It remains unclear if he will be essaying the same role of Drake in the feature.DC Universe had announced that `Titans` is being renewed for a third season in November 2019 but later in September 2020, it was announced that DC Universe was moving out of the original scripted series, as per Variety. All the remaining scripted originals were shifted to HBO Max. 
 
Other shows that have been moved from DC Universe to HBO Max are `Harley Quinn` and `Doom Patrol.`&nbsp;

Jay Lycurgo has joined the cast of the third season of `Titans` for essaying the recurring role of Tim Drake. According to Variety, the character of Drake is described as a streetwise kid who has managed to grow up on the toughest streets without losing his indelible belief in heroism.

Jay Lycurgo has joined the cast of the third season of `Titans` for essaying the recurring role of Tim Drake. According to Variety, the character of Drake is described as a streetwise kid who has managed to grow up on the toughest streets without losing his indelible belief in heroism. In the `Batman` comics, Drake served with Batman as the third Robin. Besides the third season of `Titans,` Lycurgo will be seen portraying a supporting role in Matt Reeves` feature `The Batman.` It remains unclear if he will be essaying the same role of Drake in the feature.DC Universe had announced that `Titans` is being renewed for a third season in November 2019 but later in September 2020, it was announced that DC Universe was moving out of the original scripted series, as per Variety. All the remaining scripted originals were shifted to HBO Max. Other shows that have been moved from DC Universe to HBO Max are `Harley Quinn` and `Doom Patrol.`

Jay Lycurgo joins third season of 'Titans' as Tim Drake

Saturn's largest moon -- known to Earth by the name of Titan -- is moving away from its planet a hundred times faster than previously established, a new study claims.

The study was published on Monday in the journal Nature Astronomy.

Titan is unique in our solar system. It's the only known moon with a considerable atmosphere and the only planetary body in addition to Earth with liquid rivers and lakes on its surface.

Saturn's other moons -- among the 150 known moons in our solar system -- are also slowly distancing themselves from the planets they orbit, including our own moon.&nbsp;

Saturn has 82 moons. Titan, which is larger than the planet Mercury, orbits the planet at a distance of 759,000 miles away. And if it's been moving away from the planet at a rapid rate each year, Saturn's entire planetary system has also expanded.

Earth's moon moves about 1.5 inches away each year.

According to NASA, this is caused by the moon's gravity tugging on the planet, which creates a temporary bulge in the planet. That energy pushes the moon further away.

NASA says Titan's migration rate equals about 4 inches per year.

Lainey worked on the study as a scientist at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory.

A theoretical astrophysicist and assistant professor at the California Institute of Technology has a theory that both inner and outer moons of planets migrate away at similar rates. Both types of moons get stuck in orbits related to the planet's wobble, which pushes them away.

This theory changed the long-prevailing view that outer moons migrated more slowly than inner moons. This idea was based on the fact that the outer moons are more distant from the gravity of their planet.

In 2026, NASA will send the Dragonfly mission to further investigate Titan. It will arrive at the moon by 2034. The Mars rover-size drone will be able to fly through Titan's thick atmosphere for about two and a half years.

The ultimate goal is for Dragonfly to visit an impact crater, where they believe that important ingredients for life mixed together when something hit Titan in the past, possibly tens of thousands of years ago.

(with inputs)

Saturn's largest moon -- known to Earth by the name of Titan -- is moving away from its planet a hundred times faster than previously established, a new study claims.

Saturn's largest moon -- known to Earth by the name of Titan -- is moving away from its planet a hundred times faster than previously established, a new study claims. The study was published on Monday in the journal Nature Astronomy. Titan is unique in our solar system. It's the only known moon with a considerable atmosphere and the only planetary body in addition to Earth with liquid rivers and lakes on its surface. Saturn's other moons -- among the 150 known moons in our solar system -- are also slowly distancing themselves from the planets they orbit, including our own moon. Saturn has 82 moons. Titan, which is larger than the planet Mercury, orbits the planet at a distance of 759,000 miles away. And if it's been moving away from the planet at a rapid rate each year, Saturn's entire planetary system has also expanded. Earth's moon moves about 1.5 inches away each year. According to NASA, this is caused by the moon's gravity tugging on the planet, which creates a temporary bulge in the planet. That energy pushes the moon further away. NASA says Titan's migration rate equals about 4 inches per year. Lainey worked on the study as a scientist at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory. A theoretical astrophysicist and assistant professor at the California Institute of Technology has a theory that both inner and outer moons of planets migrate away at similar rates. Both types of moons get stuck in orbits related to the planet's wobble, which pushes them away. This theory changed the long-prevailing view that outer moons migrated more slowly than inner moons. This idea was based on the fact that the outer moons are more distant from the gravity of their planet. In 2026, NASA will send the Dragonfly mission to further investigate Titan. It will arrive at the moon by 2034. The Mars rover-size drone will be able to fly through Titan's thick atmosphere for about two and a half years. The ultimate goal is for Dragonfly to visit an impact crater, where they believe that important ingredients for life mixed together when something hit Titan in the past, possibly tens of thousands of years ago. (with inputs)

Saturn's moon Titan is rapidly moving away from the planet

The largest of Saturn's many moons has lakes, mountains and dunes, with its surface scarred and crafted by many of the same forces which have shaped Earth, scientists said Monday.

A team led by Rosaly Lopes at the California Institute of Technology (Caltech) said Titan's visible exterior was "one of the most geologically diverse in the Solar System."

"Despite the differences in materials, temperatures and gravity fields between Earth and Titan, many of their surface features are similar and can be interpreted as products of the same geologic processes," the scientists said in an article in Nature Astronomy.

Using radar and infra-red data generated by the now-defunct Cassini probe, which completed a 20-year mission by crashing into Saturn in 2017, the scientists said they could fill in many of the gaps in mapping Titan, some 1.2 billion kilometres (800 million miles) from Earth.

Dunes and lakes, they said, were relatively young while mountainous terrain appeared older.

Titan’s surface was sculpted by the accumulation and erosion of sediment and showed "clear latitudinal variation, with dunes at the equator, plains at mid-latitudes and labyrinth terrains and lakes at the poles," they said.

The region around the equator is arid, with Titan getting wetter closer to the poles.

Just as on Earth, Titan's surface has been marked by impact craters, liquid- and air-driven erosion, methane-laden rainfall, tectonic plate movement and possible volcanic activity.

Alice Le Gall, one of the team and working at Paris-Saclay University, said Titan "is the only known extraterrestrial body to have liquid bodies on its surface."

Methane exists in three states -- solid, liquid and gas -- at super-cold temperatures. It produces a cycle similar to that of rain falling on Earth to form rivers and lakes, and then evaporating to form clouds again, Le Gall told AFP.

The largest of Saturn's many moons has lakes, mountains and dunes, with its surface scarred and crafted by many of the same forces which have shaped Earth, scientists said Monday.

The largest of Saturn's many moons has lakes, mountains and dunes, with its surface scarred and crafted by many of the same forces which have shaped Earth, scientists said Monday. A team led by Rosaly Lopes at the California Institute of Technology (Caltech) said Titan's visible exterior was "one of the most geologically diverse in the Solar System." "Despite the differences in materials, temperatures and gravity fields between Earth and Titan, many of their surface features are similar and can be interpreted as products of the same geologic processes," the scientists said in an article in Nature Astronomy. Using radar and infra-red data generated by the now-defunct Cassini probe, which completed a 20-year mission by crashing into Saturn in 2017, the scientists said they could fill in many of the gaps in mapping Titan, some 1.2 billion kilometres (800 million miles) from Earth. Dunes and lakes, they said, were relatively young while mountainous terrain appeared older. Titan’s surface was sculpted by the accumulation and erosion of sediment and showed "clear latitudinal variation, with dunes at the equator, plains at mid-latitudes and labyrinth terrains and lakes at the poles," they said. The region around the equator is arid, with Titan getting wetter closer to the poles. Just as on Earth, Titan's surface has been marked by impact craters, liquid- and air-driven erosion, methane-laden rainfall, tectonic plate movement and possible volcanic activity. Alice Le Gall, one of the team and working at Paris-Saclay University, said Titan "is the only known extraterrestrial body to have liquid bodies on its surface." Methane exists in three states -- solid, liquid and gas -- at super-cold temperatures. It produces a cycle similar to that of rain falling on Earth to form rivers and lakes, and then evaporating to form clouds again, Le Gall told AFP.

Saturn moon Titan shaped by same forces as Earth

Sensex closed above 40,000 for the first time today, while the Nifty ended the day at record high of 12,103. Sensex closed 553 points higher at 40,267 level. Nifty50 has made an intraday high as well as new high of 12,103 after crossing the earlier high of 12,041.5, whereas Sensex hit all time high of 40,308.

Sensex closes above 40,000 for first time, Nifty too ends at record closing high

titan

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