Canada has unveiled a multi-year plan to enable the nation's first privately built rocket launches as well as create new launch laws in reaction to the surge in demand for space-based services worldwide.&nbsp;The objective is to significantly increase the nation's space capabilities and the commercial space sector, which is primarily made up of companies like Telesat and MDA, as well as the country's presence on the International Space Station. Omar Alghabra, Canada's minister of transportation, announced it at the Canadian Space Agency's headquarters.

“We want to convey the message loud and clear… that Canada intends on being a leader in the field of space,” Alghabra said, adding that stimulating a commercial launch capability would benefit Canada’s economy and add more jobs.

A wave of new launch companies has sprung up as a result of plans by various nations and US&nbsp;businesses to deploy vast networks of thousands of internet-beaming satellites in the coming years. These companies are competing for a piece of what some analysts predict will grow to be a trillion-dollar space market by 2030.

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science-technology/long-covid-could-be-more-severe-than-suspected-says-research-554825">Long Covid could be more severe, have longer impact than estimated, says research</a>

There aren't many of these launch companies in Canada, but authorities are hoping that the new regulation push will inspire more homegrown talent and ignite a space industry, reducing Canada's reliance on the few international launching nations like the United States and Russia.

“We want to make sure that we’re keeping pace with emerging technologies and business models” Canadian Space Agency president Lisa Campbell said, adding she and other officials plan to meet soon with space business leaders to discuss ideas for new launch rules.

(With inputs from agencies)

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Canada has unveiled a multi-year plan to enable the nation's first privately built rocket launches as well as create new launch laws in reaction to the surge in demand for space-based services worldwide.

Canada has unveiled a multi-year plan to enable the nation's first privately built rocket launches as well as create new launch laws in reaction to the surge in demand for space-based services worldwide. The objective is to significantly increase the nation's space capabilities and the commercial space sector, which is primarily made up of companies like Telesat and MDA, as well as the country's presence on the International Space Station. Omar Alghabra, Canada's minister of transportation, announced it at the Canadian Space Agency's headquarters. “We want to convey the message loud and clear… that Canada intends on being a leader in the field of space,” Alghabra said, adding that stimulating a commercial launch capability would benefit Canada’s economy and add more jobs. A wave of new launch companies has sprung up as a result of plans by various nations and US businesses to deploy vast networks of thousands of internet-beaming satellites in the coming years. These companies are competing for a piece of what some analysts predict will grow to be a trillion-dollar space market by 2030. Also read | Long Covid could be more severe, have longer impact than estimated, says research There aren't many of these launch companies in Canada, but authorities are hoping that the new regulation push will inspire more homegrown talent and ignite a space industry, reducing Canada's reliance on the few international launching nations like the United States and Russia. “We want to make sure that we’re keeping pace with emerging technologies and business models” Canadian Space Agency president Lisa Campbell said, adding she and other officials plan to meet soon with space business leaders to discuss ideas for new launch rules. (With inputs from agencies) WATCH WION LIVE HERE:

Canada announces plans to boost local rocket launches

It’s been months since China’s Zhurong Mars rover entered a “hibernation” to wait out the cold and harsh winter on planet&nbsp;Mars’ northern hemisphere and its alien landscape. However, the slumber which was planned to end in December of last year still continues. Now the question is, will the rover ever wake up? There’s still hope.

What is Zhurong?

Zhurong is part of Tianwen 1, China’s ambitious Mars mission, and the nation’s first interplanetary mission. The mission, which includes a Mars rover, touched down on the Red Planet’s Utopian Planitia in May of the year 2021.

Watch |&nbsp;This study suggests ancient Mars was also hit by climate change

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Why is a rover ‘sleeping’?&nbsp;

Following its landing, it conducted a range of scientific and exploration activities before retreating into a so-called hibernation or dormant state to survive the barren planet’s winter, during which, as per space.com, temperatures can fall down to minus 195 degrees Fahrenheit (minus 125 degrees Celsius).&nbsp;

It went to sleep on May 18 of last year.

What conditions are needed for it to wake up?

Talking to reporters in September 2022, Jia Yang, a Tianwen 1 mission deputy chief designer, revealed that Zhurong would wake up by itself when two conditions are met: it can generate energy greater than 140 watts and the planet’s temperature, or rather the region where the rover is, reaches the somewhat warmer, 5 degrees Fahrenheit (minus 15 degrees Celsius).

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/men-are-from-mars-women-are-from-venus-which-one-should-humans-visit-first-520603">'Men are from Mars, women are from Venus', which planet should humans visit first?</a>

When was it supposed to rise up again?

Zhurong slumber was expected to end in December when the red planet experiences its spring equinox. However, this did not happen. So far, it’s just silence.

What went wrong?

As per a January 9 report by Space News, China’s first interplanetary mission may be in trouble “with the rover potentially lost on the surface after winter hibernation”. There is also speculation that maybe the temperatures just aren’t warm enough.

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/trending/humans-yet-to-set-foot-on-mars-yet-the-red-planet-is-already-littered-with-7000-kgs-of-our-trash-519541">Humans yet to set foot on Mars, but the red planet is already 'littered' with 7000 kg of our trash</a>

What is the temperature on Mars currently?

As per NASA’s Perseverance Rover, which is also wandering Mars’s surface, the temperature in the planet’s Jezero Crater has only briefly risen higher than Zhurong’s lowest heat requirement.&nbsp;

But given that Perseverance is nearer to the red planet’s equator - located around seven degrees latitude south of its Chinese counterpart - it may be experiencing slightly more favourable conditions than Zhurong.

How is Perseverance awake?

NASA's 2020 rover Perseverance, meanwhile, is not asleep. It is nuclear-powered and doesn’t need to hibernate.

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/mars-sample-collection-risks-bringing-to-earth-deadly-alien-virus-heres-what-you-should-know-478730">Mars sample collection risks bringing to Earth deadly alien virus. Here's what you should know</a>

What else could be plaguing the Chinese rover?

Zhurong generates its power using solar arrays. Mars is known for its sand storms and there is concern that the dust from them may be hindering the rover and its solar arrays’ ability to generate power.

While Zhurong’s panels are made using anti-dust material and it has a vibration setting to shake off the dust, even that feature requires some power. The rover has to be active to “shake it off”.

What now?

The rover's mission with which China achieved the status of being the second country to reach the surface of Mars is already a great success.

But only time can tell if it will wake up to achieve bigger and better things.

(With inputs from agencies)

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It’s been months since China’s Zhurong Mars rover entered a “hibernation” to wait out the cold and harsh winter on planet Mars’ northern hemisphere and its alien landscape.

It’s been months since China’s Zhurong Mars rover entered a “hibernation” to wait out the cold and harsh winter on planet Mars’ northern hemisphere and its alien landscape. However, the slumber which was planned to end in December of last year still continues. Now the question is, will the rover ever wake up? There’s still hope. What is Zhurong? Zhurong is part of Tianwen 1, China’s ambitious Mars mission, and the nation’s first interplanetary mission. The mission, which includes a Mars rover, touched down on the Red Planet’s Utopian Planitia in May of the year 2021. Watch | This study suggests ancient Mars was also hit by climate change Why is a rover ‘sleeping’? Following its landing, it conducted a range of scientific and exploration activities before retreating into a so-called hibernation or dormant state to survive the barren planet’s winter, during which, as per space.com, temperatures can fall down to minus 195 degrees Fahrenheit (minus 125 degrees Celsius). It went to sleep on May 18 of last year. What conditions are needed for it to wake up? Talking to reporters in September 2022, Jia Yang, a Tianwen 1 mission deputy chief designer, revealed that Zhurong would wake up by itself when two conditions are met: it can generate energy greater than 140 watts and the planet’s temperature, or rather the region where the rover is, reaches the somewhat warmer, 5 degrees Fahrenheit (minus 15 degrees Celsius). Also read | 'Men are from Mars, women are from Venus', which planet should humans visit first? When was it supposed to rise up again? Zhurong slumber was expected to end in December when the red planet experiences its spring equinox. However, this did not happen. So far, it’s just silence. What went wrong? As per a January 9 report by Space News, China’s first interplanetary mission may be in trouble “with the rover potentially lost on the surface after winter hibernation”. There is also speculation that maybe the temperatures just aren’t warm enough. Also read | Humans yet to set foot on Mars, but the red planet is already 'littered' with 7000 kg of our trash What is the temperature on Mars currently? As per NASA’s Perseverance Rover, which is also wandering Mars’s surface, the temperature in the planet’s Jezero Crater has only briefly risen higher than Zhurong’s lowest heat requirement. But given that Perseverance is nearer to the red planet’s equator - located around seven degrees latitude south of its Chinese counterpart - it may be experiencing slightly more favourable conditions than Zhurong. How is Perseverance awake? NASA's 2020 rover Perseverance, meanwhile, is not asleep. It is nuclear-powered and doesn’t need to hibernate. Also read | Mars sample collection risks bringing to Earth deadly alien virus. Here's what you should know What else could be plaguing the Chinese rover? Zhurong generates its power using solar arrays. Mars is known for its sand storms and there is concern that the dust from them may be hindering the rover and its solar arrays’ ability to generate power. While Zhurong’s panels are made using anti-dust material and it has a vibration setting to shake off the dust, even that feature requires some power. The rover has to be active to “shake it off”. What now? The rover's mission with which China achieved the status of being the second country to reach the surface of Mars is already a great success. But only time can tell if it will wake up to achieve bigger and better things. (With inputs from agencies) WATCH WION LIVE HERE You can now write for wionews.com and be a part of the community. Share your stories and opinions with us here.

Explained | Zhurong's slumber continues for months. Has China's Mars rover fallen 'silent' forever?

#WIONFineprint | Researchers have detected atomic hydrogen in a distant galaxy, using the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope based in the Indian city of Pune.

WION Fineprint | Hydrogen detected in distant galaxy using Indian telescope

The Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (GMRT) which is located in India’s Pune, has detected a radio signal originating from an extremely distant galaxy.

Astronomers from McGill University in Canada and the Indian Institute of Science (IISc) are behind the detection of these signals.&nbsp;The findings have been published in the scientific journal Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society.&nbsp;

With the signal travelling across the largest astronomical distance to reach us, this discovery marks a historical point in humanity’s astronomical journey.

“The astronomical distance over which such a signal has been picked up is the largest so far by a large margin. This is also the first confirmed detection of strong lensing of 21 cm emission from a galaxy”, said the IISc in a statement.

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/indias-venus-orbiter-mission-shukrayaan-to-be-carried-out-in-2031-553521">India's Venus Orbiter Mission 'Shukrayaan' to be carried out in 2031?&nbsp;</a>

The signal reportedly originated from the atomic hydrogen of an ‘extremely’ distant galaxy. As per IISc, atomic hydrogen is the basic fuel required for star formation in a galaxy.

As per the information available on the IISc website, “when hot ionised gas from the surrounding medium of a galaxy falls onto the galaxy, the gas cools and forms atomic hydrogen, which then becomes molecular hydrogen, and eventually leads to the formation of stars. Therefore, understanding the evolution of galaxies over cosmic time requires tracing the evolution of neutral gas at different cosmological epochs.”

The radio signal was reportedly extremely weak.

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/international-space-station-evaded-three-collision-risks-in-2022-553222">International Space Station evaded three collision risks in 2022</a>

However, it is still significant due to the fact that it is nearly impossible to detect emissions from a distant galaxy using the technology which is currently available. The telescopes currently have limited sensitivity.

“Until now, the most distant galaxy detected using 21 cm emission was at redshift z=0.376, which corresponds to a look-back time – the time elapsed between detecting the signal and its original emission – of 4.1 billion years,” said IISc in its statement.

Here, ‘Redshift’ refers to the change in wavelength of the signal depending on the object’s location and movement. Furthermore, the greater the value of z, the farther the object is.

(With inputs from agencies)

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The Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (GMRT) which is located in India’s Pune, has detected a radio signal originating from an extremely distant galaxy. Astronomers from McGill University in Canada and the Indian Institute of Science (IISc) are behind the detection of these signals.

The Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (GMRT) which is located in India’s Pune, has detected a radio signal originating from an extremely distant galaxy. Astronomers from McGill University in Canada and the Indian Institute of Science (IISc) are behind the detection of these signals. The findings have been published in the scientific journal Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. With the signal travelling across the largest astronomical distance to reach us, this discovery marks a historical point in humanity’s astronomical journey. “The astronomical distance over which such a signal has been picked up is the largest so far by a large margin. This is also the first confirmed detection of strong lensing of 21 cm emission from a galaxy”, said the IISc in a statement. Also read | India's Venus Orbiter Mission 'Shukrayaan' to be carried out in 2031? The signal reportedly originated from the atomic hydrogen of an ‘extremely’ distant galaxy. As per IISc, atomic hydrogen is the basic fuel required for star formation in a galaxy. As per the information available on the IISc website, “when hot ionised gas from the surrounding medium of a galaxy falls onto the galaxy, the gas cools and forms atomic hydrogen, which then becomes molecular hydrogen, and eventually leads to the formation of stars. Therefore, understanding the evolution of galaxies over cosmic time requires tracing the evolution of neutral gas at different cosmological epochs.” The radio signal was reportedly extremely weak. Also read | International Space Station evaded three collision risks in 2022 However, it is still significant due to the fact that it is nearly impossible to detect emissions from a distant galaxy using the technology which is currently available. The telescopes currently have limited sensitivity. “Until now, the most distant galaxy detected using 21 cm emission was at redshift z=0.376, which corresponds to a look-back time – the time elapsed between detecting the signal and its original emission – of 4.1 billion years,” said IISc in its statement. Here, ‘Redshift’ refers to the change in wavelength of the signal depending on the object’s location and movement. Furthermore, the greater the value of z, the farther the object is. (With inputs from agencies) WATCH WION LIVE HERE You can now write for wionews.com and be a part of the community. Share your stories and opinions with us here.

India-based telescope detects faint radio signal from an extremely distant galaxy

India's first interplanetary mission 'Mangalyaan' (Mars vehicle) was launched in 2013 and became the world's first-ever mission to enter Martian orbit in the maiden attempt, back in 2014. Since then, there have been mentions of India's follow-up Mars mission and also a mission to Venus. In 2022, it was revealed in the Indian Parliament that the Venus mission was being conceptualised and that feasibility studies were being carried out. However, it appears that the mission is likely to be performed only at the start of the following decade.&nbsp;&nbsp;

&nbsp;At a recent event hosted by the Indian Institute of Astrophysics, P Sreekumar of the Space Science Programme Office, ISRO, had elaborated that the Venus mission was aimed at studying the Venusian atmosphere, mapping surface topography, using radar to probe the surface and understanding the Venus-Sun interaction. &nbsp;

On the most intriguing questions about Venus, he stated, "What makes Earth's twin Venus lose most of its water? Greenhouse effect? The surface composition of Venus is unknown as there are thick clouds at an altitude of 60 kilometres. What causes high-velocity winds at a slow-rotating planet? What is the unknown absorber of UV in the Venus clouds? Is there lightning on Venus?"&nbsp;

Tracing the work of the Venus mission plan, Sreekumar mentioned that the first meeting where the Venus mission was proposed was conducted back in 2012. On the current status of the mission, he stated "Now, we're waiting for formal approval and money...otherwise, all set to go...the mission was originally scheduled for launch in 2023 and the opportunity(favourable orbital alignment, proximity conditions) to undertake a Venus mission occurs once in 19 months. Right now, the 2031 window looks good" he said.&nbsp;&nbsp;

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<a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/isro?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#isro</a> Venus mission Shukrayaan pushed to 2031? 
 
P.Sreekumar, space Sci Prog office, ISRO reveals <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/venus?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#venus</a> mission was proposed in 2012 &amp; now they are waiting for formal approval,money &amp; otherwise all set to go 
 
Original launch schedule was 2023, but next best is 2031 <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/india?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#india</a> <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/space?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#space</a> <a href="https://t.co/WFZ5zOBPe6">pic.twitter.com/WFZ5zOBPe6</a>
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He added that 2031 would be the year when NASA and European Space Agency would also be landing their missions on Venus, whereas China could attempt their mission sometime in 2026-27. The proposed NASA missions are called Davinci+ and Veritas, while the European mission is known as EnVision.&nbsp;&nbsp;

ISRO is expected to have a busy schedule in 2023 with big-ticket missions such as Chandrayaan-3 (3rd&nbsp;Lunar mission), Aditya-L1(mission to study sun), a host of commercial launches, launches of the new SSLV rocket and major test launches as part of the Gaganyaan Human Spaceflight programme.&nbsp;

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India's first interplanetary mission 'Mangalyaan' (Mars vehicle) was launched in 2013 and became the world's first-ever mission to enter Martian orbit in the maiden attempt, back in 2014.

India's first interplanetary mission 'Mangalyaan' (Mars vehicle) was launched in 2013 and became the world's first-ever mission to enter Martian orbit in the maiden attempt, back in 2014. Since then, there have been mentions of India's follow-up Mars mission and also a mission to Venus. In 2022, it was revealed in the Indian Parliament that the Venus mission was being conceptualised and that feasibility studies were being carried out. However, it appears that the mission is likely to be performed only at the start of the following decade. At a recent event hosted by the Indian Institute of Astrophysics, P Sreekumar of the Space Science Programme Office, ISRO, had elaborated that the Venus mission was aimed at studying the Venusian atmosphere, mapping surface topography, using radar to probe the surface and understanding the Venus-Sun interaction. On the most intriguing questions about Venus, he stated, "What makes Earth's twin Venus lose most of its water? Greenhouse effect? The surface composition of Venus is unknown as there are thick clouds at an altitude of 60 kilometres. What causes high-velocity winds at a slow-rotating planet? What is the unknown absorber of UV in the Venus clouds? Is there lightning on Venus?" Tracing the work of the Venus mission plan, Sreekumar mentioned that the first meeting where the Venus mission was proposed was conducted back in 2012. On the current status of the mission, he stated "Now, we're waiting for formal approval and money...otherwise, all set to go...the mission was originally scheduled for launch in 2023 and the opportunity(favourable orbital alignment, proximity conditions) to undertake a Venus mission occurs once in 19 months. Right now, the 2031 window looks good" he said. #isro Venus mission Shukrayaan pushed to 2031? P.Sreekumar, space Sci Prog office, ISRO reveals #venus mission was proposed in 2012 & now they are waiting for formal approval,money & otherwise all set to go Original launch schedule was 2023, but next best is 2031 #india #space pic.twitter.com/WFZ5zOBPe6 — Sidharth.M.P (@sdhrthmp) January 17, 2023 × He added that 2031 would be the year when NASA and European Space Agency would also be landing their missions on Venus, whereas China could attempt their mission sometime in 2026-27. The proposed NASA missions are called Davinci+ and Veritas, while the European mission is known as EnVision. ISRO is expected to have a busy schedule in 2023 with big-ticket missions such as Chandrayaan-3 (3rd Lunar mission), Aditya-L1(mission to study sun), a host of commercial launches, launches of the new SSLV rocket and major test launches as part of the Gaganyaan Human Spaceflight programme. WATCH WION LIVE HERE:

India's Venus Orbiter Mission 'Shukrayaan' to be carried out in 2031?  

The word space debris can commonly be interpreted as man-made objects in space that are no longer serving a useful purpose. This could include large and small defunct satellites, spent upper stages of rockets, etc. However, the larger objects are far lesser in number, and it is far easier to track and predict their movement, whereas the real threat to space assets is posed by millions of millimetre-sized space debris, said a top NASA scientist.&nbsp;

"The biggest objects 10cm and larger are tracked by the US Department of Defense, using their global sensor network. Currently, they track about 47,000 big objects in space, 27,000 of them are 10cm and larger. There are many more debris too small to be tracked, but still large enough to threaten human spaceflight and robotic space missions (satellites)" said Dr. Jer Chyi Liou, NASA Chief Scientist for Orbital Debris.&nbsp;

Also Read |&nbsp;<a href="http://www.wionnews.com/science/narrow-escape-international-space-station-dodges-space-debris-from-russian-anti-satellite-test-490218" hreflang="en">Narrow escape! International Space Station dodges space debris from Russian anti-satellite test</a>

He was speaking at a space science workshop organised by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) and Astronautical Society of India (ASI) in India, about Space Situational Awareness and Space Traffic Management. Sharing data about the orbital debris, Dr. Liou said that are 500,000 objects measuring 1cm or larger and over 100 million objects over the size of 1 millimetre.

Pointing out the hazards posed by objects measuring less than a millimetre, he said that even an object as small as 0.4 mm could penetrate some parts of the spacesuit of a spacewalking astronaut and cause serious damage to space missions.

Explaining why space debris of varying sizes is a constant cause of concern, Dr. Liou mentioned that the average impact speed between two orbiting objects in Low Earth orbit (up to 200 km above the earth's surface) is 10km/second. For context, that is ten times the speed of a bullet and any collision at such high impact speeds could prove catastrophic.&nbsp;

Watch |&nbsp;<a href="http://13.235.153.162/videos/expanding-problem-of-space-debris-what-is-space-junk-why-is-it-a-problem-472289" hreflang="en">Expanding problem of space debris: What is space junk? Why is it a problem?</a>

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Speaking of the total mass of orbital debris, he said that it had exceeded 9500 metric tonnes and 4000 tonnes of this was in Low Earth Orbit alone. He mentioned that the major man-made events that caused significant fragmentation of space debris were a Chinese Anti-Satellite missile test in 2007, an accidental collision between a Cosmos and an Iridium satellite in 2009 and the Russian Anti-Satellite Missile test in 2021.

He said that orbital debris was not distributed uniformly in space, as Low Earth Orbit (up to 2000 km from the Earth's surface) had the highest concentration, followed by the Geosynchronous orbit (around 36,000 km&nbsp;above the earth's surface). This is explained by the highest concentration of satellites operating in low earth orbit and the rapid growth in the number of cube satellites and constellations in the last two decades.

(With inputs from agencies)

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The word space debris can commonly be interpreted as man-made objects in space that are no longer serving a useful purpose. This could include large and small defunct satellites, spent upper stages of rockets, etc.

The word space debris can commonly be interpreted as man-made objects in space that are no longer serving a useful purpose. This could include large and small defunct satellites, spent upper stages of rockets, etc. However, the larger objects are far lesser in number, and it is far easier to track and predict their movement, whereas the real threat to space assets is posed by millions of millimetre-sized space debris, said a top NASA scientist. "The biggest objects 10cm and larger are tracked by the US Department of Defense, using their global sensor network. Currently, they track about 47,000 big objects in space, 27,000 of them are 10cm and larger. There are many more debris too small to be tracked, but still large enough to threaten human spaceflight and robotic space missions (satellites)" said Dr. Jer Chyi Liou, NASA Chief Scientist for Orbital Debris. Also Read | Narrow escape! International Space Station dodges space debris from Russian anti-satellite test He was speaking at a space science workshop organised by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) and Astronautical Society of India (ASI) in India, about Space Situational Awareness and Space Traffic Management. Sharing data about the orbital debris, Dr. Liou said that are 500,000 objects measuring 1cm or larger and over 100 million objects over the size of 1 millimetre. Pointing out the hazards posed by objects measuring less than a millimetre, he said that even an object as small as 0.4 mm could penetrate some parts of the spacesuit of a spacewalking astronaut and cause serious damage to space missions. Explaining why space debris of varying sizes is a constant cause of concern, Dr. Liou mentioned that the average impact speed between two orbiting objects in Low Earth orbit (up to 200 km above the earth's surface) is 10km/second. For context, that is ten times the speed of a bullet and any collision at such high impact speeds could prove catastrophic. Watch | Expanding problem of space debris: What is space junk? Why is it a problem? Speaking of the total mass of orbital debris, he said that it had exceeded 9500 metric tonnes and 4000 tonnes of this was in Low Earth Orbit alone. He mentioned that the major man-made events that caused significant fragmentation of space debris were a Chinese Anti-Satellite missile test in 2007, an accidental collision between a Cosmos and an Iridium satellite in 2009 and the Russian Anti-Satellite Missile test in 2021. He said that orbital debris was not distributed uniformly in space, as Low Earth Orbit (up to 2000 km from the Earth's surface) had the highest concentration, followed by the Geosynchronous orbit (around 36,000 km above the earth's surface). This is explained by the highest concentration of satellites operating in low earth orbit and the rapid growth in the number of cube satellites and constellations in the last two decades. (With inputs from agencies) WATCH WION LIVE HERE:

100mn+ millimetre-sized space debris a serious threat to astronauts, says NASA Chief Scientist

A study of the Martian meteorite ‘Tissint’ which crashed landed in Morocco over a decade ago found that it consists of a vast array of organic compounds which could reveal new details about the Red Planet’s habitability and even important clues about Earth’s geological history. Published in the journal Science Advances by an international team of researchers led by the Technical University of Munich in Germany. It also included Helmholtz Munich’s Philippe Schmitt-Kopplin and Carnegie Institution for Science in the United States’ Andrew Steele.&nbsp;

In a statement, the lead author of the study, Schmitt-Kopplin, said, “Mars and Earth share many aspects of their evolution. And while life arose and thrived on our home planet, the question of whether it ever existed on Mars is a very hot research topic that requires deeper knowledge of our neighbouring planet’s water, organic molecules, and reactive surfaces.”&nbsp;

After analysing the meteorite’s organic inventory in detail the researchers found a link between the type and diversity of organic molecules as well as specific mineralogy. This helped them create the most comprehensive catalogue of the diversity of organic compounds found in a Martian meteorite or in a sample collected and analysed by a rover. &nbsp;

ALSO READ |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/is-there-life-on-mars-study-of-decades-old-meteorite-casts-doubt-on-presence-of-life-on-the-planet-444601">Is there life on Mars?: Study of decades-old meteorite casts doubt on presence of life on the planet</a>

The meteorite, Tissint, is one of the five Martian rocks that was observed as it fell to the Earth, over 11 years ago its pieces were scattered in a Moroccan desert about 30 miles from the town after which it was named. It is speculated that the hundred million years old rock was launched into space following a violent event.&nbsp;

Notably, organic compounds are large molecules that contain predominantly carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and sulphur, and are associated with life and biological processes. However, these compounds can be created by non-biological processes which previous Martian meteorite research demonstrated which scientists call, abiotic organic chemistry.&nbsp;

The findings of the study detailed the process occurring beneath the Red Planet’s mantle and crust and how they have changed over time, especially with regard to abiotic organics that formed from Mars’ water-rock interactions.&nbsp;

ALSO READ |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/30000-meteorites-are-hiding-across-antarctica-as-per-this-treasure-map-created-by-artificial-intelligence-451559">30,000 meteorites are hiding across Antarctica as per this 'treasure map' created by artificial intelligence</a>

According to Steele who was also a member of both the Perseverance and Curiosity rovers’ teams, “understanding the processes and sequence of events that shaped this rich organic bounty will reveal new details about Mars’ habitability and potentially about the reactions that could lead to the formation of life.”&nbsp;

Additionally, one of the most intriguing findings of the study was the abundance of organic magnesium compounds which was previously not seen on Mars and offered insights into the planet’s high-pressure and high-temperature geochemistry that shaped its deep interior as well as a connection between its carbon cycle and mineral evolution.&nbsp; 
 
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A study of the Martian meteorite ‘Tissint’ which crashed landed in Morocco over a decade ago found that it consists of a vast array of organic compounds which could reveal new details about the Red Planet’s habitability and even important clues about Earth’s geological history.

A study of the Martian meteorite ‘Tissint’ which crashed landed in Morocco over a decade ago found that it consists of a vast array of organic compounds which could reveal new details about the Red Planet’s habitability and even important clues about Earth’s geological history. Published in the journal Science Advances by an international team of researchers led by the Technical University of Munich in Germany. It also included Helmholtz Munich’s Philippe Schmitt-Kopplin and Carnegie Institution for Science in the United States’ Andrew Steele. In a statement, the lead author of the study, Schmitt-Kopplin, said, “Mars and Earth share many aspects of their evolution. And while life arose and thrived on our home planet, the question of whether it ever existed on Mars is a very hot research topic that requires deeper knowledge of our neighbouring planet’s water, organic molecules, and reactive surfaces.” After analysing the meteorite’s organic inventory in detail the researchers found a link between the type and diversity of organic molecules as well as specific mineralogy. This helped them create the most comprehensive catalogue of the diversity of organic compounds found in a Martian meteorite or in a sample collected and analysed by a rover. ALSO READ | Is there life on Mars?: Study of decades-old meteorite casts doubt on presence of life on the planet The meteorite, Tissint, is one of the five Martian rocks that was observed as it fell to the Earth, over 11 years ago its pieces were scattered in a Moroccan desert about 30 miles from the town after which it was named. It is speculated that the hundred million years old rock was launched into space following a violent event. Notably, organic compounds are large molecules that contain predominantly carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and sulphur, and are associated with life and biological processes. However, these compounds can be created by non-biological processes which previous Martian meteorite research demonstrated which scientists call, abiotic organic chemistry. The findings of the study detailed the process occurring beneath the Red Planet’s mantle and crust and how they have changed over time, especially with regard to abiotic organics that formed from Mars’ water-rock interactions. ALSO READ | 30,000 meteorites are hiding across Antarctica as per this 'treasure map' created by artificial intelligence According to Steele who was also a member of both the Perseverance and Curiosity rovers’ teams, “understanding the processes and sequence of events that shaped this rich organic bounty will reveal new details about Mars’ habitability and potentially about the reactions that could lead to the formation of life.” Additionally, one of the most intriguing findings of the study was the abundance of organic magnesium compounds which was previously not seen on Mars and offered insights into the planet’s high-pressure and high-temperature geochemistry that shaped its deep interior as well as a connection between its carbon cycle and mineral evolution. WATCH WION LIVE HERE You can now write for wionews.com and be a part of the community. Share your stories and opinions with us here.

Martian meteorite with vast array of organic compounds might hold clues to life on Mars

NASA’s largest and most powerful space science telescope, the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) has made the groundbreaking discovery of a planet that is around 99 per cent the size of Earth. It is located in the constellation Otans, and is just 41 light years away from our home planet. The newly discovered exoplanet has formally been classified as LHS 475 b., and currently not much is known about its atmosphere and whether it is fit to be inhabited by humans. While researchers have ruled out a thick methane-dominated atmosphere similar to that of Saturn’s moon Titan, they say that atmospheric compositions like a pure carbon dioxide atmosphere have not been ruled out.

Watch |&nbsp;NASA's Dart mission: The world's first planetary defence

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The newly discovered space object has been classified as an exoplanet as it orbits another star and is terrestrial, i.e., it is a rocky planet, composed primarily of silicate rocks or metals. As per a Daily Mail report, it completes the orbit in two days.

IANS reports that the planet is a few hundred degrees warmer than Earth.

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/trending/rare-treat-for-skywatchers-all-solar-system-planets-visible-to-the-naked-eye-547558">Rare 'treat' for skywatchers: All solar system planets visible to the naked eye</a>

As per the team behind this discovery, the James Webb telescope has proven just how powerful its technology is. Talking to the press, Mark Clampin, Astrophysics Division director at NASA Headquarters in Washington, DC, said that the find opens the door “to many future possibilities for studying rocky planet atmospheres with Webb.”

He remarked that the telescope “is bringing us closer and closer to a new understanding of Earth-like worlds outside our solar system, and the mission is only just getting started.”&nbsp;

(With inputs from agencies)

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NASA’s largest and most powerful space science telescope, the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) has made the groundbreaking discovery of a planet that is around 99 per cent the size of Earth.

NASA’s largest and most powerful space science telescope, the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) has made the groundbreaking discovery of a planet that is around 99 per cent the size of Earth. It is located in the constellation Otans, and is just 41 light years away from our home planet. The newly discovered exoplanet has formally been classified as LHS 475 b., and currently not much is known about its atmosphere and whether it is fit to be inhabited by humans. While researchers have ruled out a thick methane-dominated atmosphere similar to that of Saturn’s moon Titan, they say that atmospheric compositions like a pure carbon dioxide atmosphere have not been ruled out. Watch | NASA's Dart mission: The world's first planetary defence The newly discovered space object has been classified as an exoplanet as it orbits another star and is terrestrial, i.e., it is a rocky planet, composed primarily of silicate rocks or metals. As per a Daily Mail report, it completes the orbit in two days. IANS reports that the planet is a few hundred degrees warmer than Earth. Also read | Rare 'treat' for skywatchers: All solar system planets visible to the naked eye As per the team behind this discovery, the James Webb telescope has proven just how powerful its technology is. Talking to the press, Mark Clampin, Astrophysics Division director at NASA Headquarters in Washington, DC, said that the find opens the door “to many future possibilities for studying rocky planet atmospheres with Webb.” He remarked that the telescope “is bringing us closer and closer to a new understanding of Earth-like worlds outside our solar system, and the mission is only just getting started.” (With inputs from agencies) WATCH WION LIVE HERE You can now write for wionews.com and be a part of the community. Share your stories and opinions with us here.

Earth 2.0: NASA's James Webb telescope discovers a nearly Earth-sized exoplanet

Milky Way Galaxy is huge. So huge that even if we travel at the speed of light (300,000 kilometres per second) it would take us 100,000 years to go from one end to the other. But the visible portion of our spiral galaxy, glowing with stars is not the only part in its structure.

A little away from the star-rich centre and even spiral arms of the galaxy, it is enclosed in what is called galactic stellar halo which is much bigger than the galaxy and another 100,000 light-years across. The study of the galactic halo is difficult because it hardly has any stars and is also made up of dark matter.

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(Image: NASA)

Scientists were studying something else and accidentally stumbled upon some stars located in the halo. Discovery of these stars is sure to help us study the vast space sparsely illuminated by stars

The stars that have been discovered are RR Lyrae variables. They orbit our galaxy through the galactic halo and are 1 million light-years away from the centre of the galaxy.

These stars are interesting to study. But what scientists have found handy is that their use as 'space candles' to determine distances and to find out more stars, if any, in the lonesome stellar halo part outside our galaxy.

"This study is redefining what constitutes the outer limits of our galaxy," said Astronomer Raja GuhaThakurta of the University of California Santa Cruz

"[It] and Andromeda are both so big, there's hardly any space between the two galaxies."

 
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Milky Way Galaxy is huge. So huge that even if we travel at the speed of light (300,000 kilometres per second) it would take us 100,000 years to go from one end to the other.

Milky Way Galaxy is huge. So huge that even if we travel at the speed of light (300,000 kilometres per second) it would take us 100,000 years to go from one end to the other. But the visible portion of our spiral galaxy, glowing with stars is not the only part in its structure. A little away from the star-rich centre and even spiral arms of the galaxy, it is enclosed in what is called galactic stellar halo which is much bigger than the galaxy and another 100,000 light-years across. The study of the galactic halo is difficult because it hardly has any stars and is also made up of dark matter. (Image: NASA) Scientists were studying something else and accidentally stumbled upon some stars located in the halo. Discovery of these stars is sure to help us study the vast space sparsely illuminated by stars The stars that have been discovered are RR Lyrae variables. They orbit our galaxy through the galactic halo and are 1 million light-years away from the centre of the galaxy. These stars are interesting to study. But what scientists have found handy is that their use as 'space candles' to determine distances and to find out more stars, if any, in the lonesome stellar halo part outside our galaxy. "This study is redefining what constitutes the outer limits of our galaxy," said Astronomer Raja GuhaThakurta of the University of California Santa Cruz "[It] and Andromeda are both so big, there's hardly any space between the two galaxies." You can now write for wionews.com and be a part of the community. Share your stories and opinions with us here. WATCH WION LIVE HERE ×

These 'space candle' stars help study Milky Way's empty reaches

NASA is considering using a private spacecraft to reboost Hubble Space Telescope into a higher orbit. The move will breathe new life into the space telescope. Watch this video for all the details.

Why does NASA want to reboost Hubble Space Telescope into a higher orbit?

The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) has imparted nanosatellite assembly courses and relevant training to 31 delegates from 19 nations. Conducted by ISRO's UR Rao Satellite Centre, which is responsible for designing and developing India's satellites, the two-months long training involved lessons on general satellite technology,&nbsp;nanosatellite design and testing. Nanosatellites are generally regarded as those weighing less than 10 kg.&nbsp;

Known as UNispace Nanosatellite Assembly &amp; Training by ISRO (UNNATI), the training programme was conducted by experts and scientists from ISRO centres such as UR Rao Satellite Centre, Space Applications Centre, ISRO Headquarters, ISRO Telemetry, Tracking and Command Network (ISTRAC) and ISRO Inertial Systems Unit. The foreign officers/trainees who attended the programme are those with academic qualifications in Mechanical and Electrical/Electronics engineering.&nbsp;

<a href="https://www.wionews.com/india-news/isro-to-carry-out-two-test-missions-two-uncrewed-missions-before-gaganyaan-astronaut-flight-545422">Also read |&nbsp;ISRO to carry out two test missions, two uncrewed missions before ‘Gaganyaan’ astronaut flight</a>

The 2022 edition is the third time that India is conducting the UNNATI programme and so far, a total of 91 participants have benefitted from the training imparted in all three editions. In addition to the theory classes, the participants were&nbsp;given the opportunity to integrate various subsystems of a nanosatellite. This included imparting the training to enable the participants to assemble, test and integrate low-cost nanosatellites.&nbsp;

<a href="https://www.wionews.com/india-news/us-it-firm-cognizant-ties-up-with-indias-garuda-aerospace-to-make-smart-drones-545585">Also read |&nbsp;US IT firm Cognizant ties up with India's Garuda Aerospace to make 'smart drones'</a>

In its five-decade-long journey, ISRO has been carrying out its mission of bringing space to the service of the common man and addressing key issues of national development. As one of the leading space-faring nations, India has been actively associated with United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs (UNOOSA) as a member of COPUOS (Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space) since its inception.

In June 2018, UNOOSA celebrated the fiftieth anniversary of the first United Nations Conference on the Exploration and Peaceful Uses of Outer Space (UNISPACE+50) in Vienna, Austria. It was on this occasion that India announced a capacity-building training programme, UNNATI (UNispace Nanosatellite Assembly &amp; Training by ISRO) on nanosatellite development.

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The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) has imparted nanosatellite assembly courses and relevant training to 31 delegates from 19 nations. Conducted by ISRO's UR Rao Satellite Centre, which is responsible for designing and developing India's satellites, the two-months long training involved lessons on general satellite technology, nanosatellite design and testing.

The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) has imparted nanosatellite assembly courses and relevant training to 31 delegates from 19 nations. Conducted by ISRO's UR Rao Satellite Centre, which is responsible for designing and developing India's satellites, the two-months long training involved lessons on general satellite technology, nanosatellite design and testing. Nanosatellites are generally regarded as those weighing less than 10 kg. Known as UNispace Nanosatellite Assembly & Training by ISRO (UNNATI), the training programme was conducted by experts and scientists from ISRO centres such as UR Rao Satellite Centre, Space Applications Centre, ISRO Headquarters, ISRO Telemetry, Tracking and Command Network (ISTRAC) and ISRO Inertial Systems Unit. The foreign officers/trainees who attended the programme are those with academic qualifications in Mechanical and Electrical/Electronics engineering. Also read | ISRO to carry out two test missions, two uncrewed missions before ‘Gaganyaan’ astronaut flight The 2022 edition is the third time that India is conducting the UNNATI programme and so far, a total of 91 participants have benefitted from the training imparted in all three editions. In addition to the theory classes, the participants were given the opportunity to integrate various subsystems of a nanosatellite. This included imparting the training to enable the participants to assemble, test and integrate low-cost nanosatellites. Also read | US IT firm Cognizant ties up with India's Garuda Aerospace to make 'smart drones' In its five-decade-long journey, ISRO has been carrying out its mission of bringing space to the service of the common man and addressing key issues of national development. As one of the leading space-faring nations, India has been actively associated with United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs (UNOOSA) as a member of COPUOS (Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space) since its inception. In June 2018, UNOOSA celebrated the fiftieth anniversary of the first United Nations Conference on the Exploration and Peaceful Uses of Outer Space (UNISPACE+50) in Vienna, Austria. It was on this occasion that India announced a capacity-building training programme, UNNATI (UNispace Nanosatellite Assembly & Training by ISRO) on nanosatellite development. WATCH WION LIVE HERE

Indian Space agency ISRO trains 31 foreign engineers in nanosatellite building

As NASA's James Webb telescope completes one year, here are some magnificent pics it took

Space photos that rocked our world in 2022

Less than three minutes after liftoff from the European base in French Guiana on Wednesday, a European Vega C rocket carrying two Airbus satellites failed to get off the ground.

Arianespace, which provided the launch service, said in a statement that “an anomaly occurred” approximately 2 minutes and 27 seconds after liftoff, “thus ending the Vega C mission.”

It chose not to give any&nbsp;further information, but planned to organise&nbsp;a news conference on Wednesday afternoon.

“Data analyses are in progress to determine the reasons of this failure,” it said.

It was the Vega C rocket's maiden commercial launch. This is Europe's light launcher, with the&nbsp;capacity to carry roughly 800 kilogrammes (1,700 pounds) into orbit.

Two Airbus Pleiades Neo 5 and 6 earth observation satellites were planned&nbsp;to be put into orbit by the launch, which was carried out by the European Space Agency. The constellation of satellites would have been able to capture photos at a resolution of 30 centimetres of any location on Earth (11.8 inches).

On 13 July, the rocket completed its first flight successfully. 12 of the ESA's 22 member states are involved in the Vega C development programme, which is run by the organisation.

(With inputs from agencies)

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Less than three minutes after liftoff from the European base in French Guiana on Wednesday, a European Vega C rocket carrying two Airbus satellites failed to get off the ground.

Less than three minutes after liftoff from the European base in French Guiana on Wednesday, a European Vega C rocket carrying two Airbus satellites failed to get off the ground. Arianespace, which provided the launch service, said in a statement that “an anomaly occurred” approximately 2 minutes and 27 seconds after liftoff, “thus ending the Vega C mission.” It chose not to give any further information, but planned to organise a news conference on Wednesday afternoon. “Data analyses are in progress to determine the reasons of this failure,” it said. It was the Vega C rocket's maiden commercial launch. This is Europe's light launcher, with the capacity to carry roughly 800 kilogrammes (1,700 pounds) into orbit. Two Airbus Pleiades Neo 5 and 6 earth observation satellites were planned to be put into orbit by the launch, which was carried out by the European Space Agency. The constellation of satellites would have been able to capture photos at a resolution of 30 centimetres of any location on Earth (11.8 inches). On 13 July, the rocket completed its first flight successfully. 12 of the ESA's 22 member states are involved in the Vega C development programme, which is run by the organisation. (With inputs from agencies) WATCH WION LIVE HERE:

Europe's second Vega-C mission fails as rocket malfunctions soon after launch

The Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) satellite from NASA has been sent into the orbit to survey the water on Earth and assist researchers in understanding how it influences&nbsp;the planet's climate. At 5:16 p.m. IST on December 16, the satellite launched atop SpaceX's Falcon 9 rocket from the Californian Vanderberg Space Force Station. The second stage of the Falcon 9 rocket kept launching the satellite into orbit as the first stage booster of the rocket touched down at Vanderberg Space Force's landing zone-4 about nine minutes after launch.&nbsp;

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🚀 LIFTOFF! 
 
Kennedy’s <a href="https://twitter.com/NASA_LSP?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">@NASA_LSP</a> managed SWOT mission launched aboard a <a href="https://twitter.com/SpaceX?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">@SpaceX</a> Falcon 9 rocket at 6:46am ET from Space Launch Complex 4-East at Vandenberg Space Force Base in California. <a href="https://t.co/XbjI4LNuRh">pic.twitter.com/XbjI4LNuRh</a>
— NASA's Kennedy Space Center (@NASAKennedy) <a href="https://twitter.com/NASAKennedy/status/1603719421033213954?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">December 16, 2022</a></blockquote>
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The Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) satellite has separated from its <a href="https://twitter.com/SpaceX?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">@SpaceX</a> Falcon 9 rocket. SWOT begins <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/TrackingWorldWater?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#TrackingWorldWater</a> now and will cover the Earth's surface worldwide at least twice every 21 days for at least three years. <a href="https://t.co/OJfAifkl8R">pic.twitter.com/OJfAifkl8R</a>
— NASA (@NASA) <a href="https://twitter.com/NASA/status/1603732655417147392?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">December 16, 2022</a></blockquote>
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NASA announced the successful deployment of the SWOT satellite at 6:10 IST. Now, for a minimum of three years, it will cover the entire surface of the Earth at least twice every 21 days.

Also read | <a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/india-isro-launched-177-satellites-from-19-nations-in-last-5-years-earned-millions-543749">India: ISRO launched 177 satellites from 19 nations in last 5 years &amp; earned millions</a>

This specific Falcon 9 launcher, which has previously supported the NROL-87, NROL-85, SARah-1, and two Starlink missions, successfully launched for the sixth time, according to SpaceX.

The French Space Agency (CNES) and the Canadian and UK space agencies both played a significant role in the satellite's development, which was helmed&nbsp;by NASA. According to a statement from NASA,&nbsp;"The satellite will measure the height of water in Earth’s freshwater bodies and the ocean, providing insights into how the ocean influences climate change; how a warming world affects lakes, rivers, and reservoirs; and how communities can better prepare for disasters, like floods."

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The Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) satellite from NASA has been sent into the orbit to survey the water on Earth and assist researchers in understanding how it influences the planet's climate.

The Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) satellite from NASA has been sent into the orbit to survey the water on Earth and assist researchers in understanding how it influences the planet's climate. At 5:16 p.m. IST on December 16, the satellite launched atop SpaceX's Falcon 9 rocket from the Californian Vanderberg Space Force Station. The second stage of the Falcon 9 rocket kept launching the satellite into orbit as the first stage booster of the rocket touched down at Vanderberg Space Force's landing zone-4 about nine minutes after launch. 🚀 LIFTOFF! Kennedy’s @NASA_LSP managed SWOT mission launched aboard a @SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket at 6:46am ET from Space Launch Complex 4-East at Vandenberg Space Force Base in California. pic.twitter.com/XbjI4LNuRh — NASA's Kennedy Space Center (@NASAKennedy) December 16, 2022 × The Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) satellite has separated from its @SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket. SWOT begins #TrackingWorldWater now and will cover the Earth's surface worldwide at least twice every 21 days for at least three years. pic.twitter.com/OJfAifkl8R — NASA (@NASA) December 16, 2022 × NASA announced the successful deployment of the SWOT satellite at 6:10 IST. Now, for a minimum of three years, it will cover the entire surface of the Earth at least twice every 21 days. Also read | India: ISRO launched 177 satellites from 19 nations in last 5 years & earned millions This specific Falcon 9 launcher, which has previously supported the NROL-87, NROL-85, SARah-1, and two Starlink missions, successfully launched for the sixth time, according to SpaceX. The French Space Agency (CNES) and the Canadian and UK space agencies both played a significant role in the satellite's development, which was helmed by NASA. According to a statement from NASA, "The satellite will measure the height of water in Earth’s freshwater bodies and the ocean, providing insights into how the ocean influences climate change; how a warming world affects lakes, rivers, and reservoirs; and how communities can better prepare for disasters, like floods." WATCH WION LIVE HERE:

WATCH | SpaceX Falcon 9 launches NASA's water topography satellite into orbit

Nasa's spacecraft is set to make its very first close encounter with the most volcanic place in the solar system. The Juno spacecraft has been orbiting Jupiter since 2016, but it is the first time it will fly by its moon "IO" at such a close distance. Priyanka Sharma tells you more.

Gravitas: NASA spacecraft to visit most volcanic world in solar system

Over the last five years, the commercial arm of India's space agency has raked in millions in foreign revenue by launching satellites of customers from 19 nations. According to data revealed in India's Upper House of Parliament, the 177 foreign satellites launched in the last 19 years are from&nbsp;Australia, Brazil, Canada, Colombia, Finland, France, Israel, Italy, Japan, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malaysia, Netherlands, Republic of Korea, Singapore, Spain, Switzerland, United Kingdom and the USA.&nbsp;&nbsp;

On a commercial basis, the Indian Space Research Organization has placed orbit satellites of varying sizes using primarily the PSLV launcher. "The foreign exchange revenue generated through the launching of these 177 foreign satellites from January 2018 to November 2022 is approximately 94 million USD and 46 million Euro" read the written reply of Dr Jitendra Singh, Minister of State, Prime Minister's Office.&nbsp;

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<a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/India?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#India</a> launched 177 satellites from 19nations over the last 5yrs using PSLV &amp; 1LVM3(Jan 18-Nov 22) 
 
For this service, the commercial arm of <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/isro?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#isro</a> earned $94mn &amp;Euro $46mn (This is despite <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/COVID19?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#COVID19</a> induced halt) 
 
Once SSLV is ops ready, it could bring in more $$<a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/Parliament?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#Parliament</a> <a href="https://t.co/0K7LQ8CKDW">pic.twitter.com/0K7LQ8CKDW</a>
— Sidharth.M.P (@sdhrthmp) <a href="https://twitter.com/sdhrthmp/status/1603696794722095106?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">December 16, 2022</a></blockquote>
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While the PSLV continues to be the mainstay of commercial launchers operated by India, the country recently used its heaviest rocket LVM3 or GSLV Mk3 on its maiden commercial mission. Carried out in October 2022, the mission involved orbiting 36 internet communication satellites of the UK-based firm OneWeb. This marked the entry of the LMV3 into the global commercial launch market, which has largely been dominated by a few space agencies or private firms from the US and Europe.&nbsp;&nbsp;

With the LVM3 having matured as a launch vehicle and proven itself by delivering complete successes in all missions to date, the vehicle offers much promise for future commercial opportunities. In February 2023, the LVM3 is to be launched again for orbiting another set of OneWeb satellites. Once the newest rocket, SSLV or India's Small Satellite Launch Vehicle is operational and proven, it can further bolster the prospects for commercial launch services from India.&nbsp;

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Over the last five years, the commercial arm of India's space agency has raked in millions in foreign revenue by launching satellites of customers from 19 nations.

Over the last five years, the commercial arm of India's space agency has raked in millions in foreign revenue by launching satellites of customers from 19 nations. According to data revealed in India's Upper House of Parliament, the 177 foreign satellites launched in the last 19 years are from Australia, Brazil, Canada, Colombia, Finland, France, Israel, Italy, Japan, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malaysia, Netherlands, Republic of Korea, Singapore, Spain, Switzerland, United Kingdom and the USA. On a commercial basis, the Indian Space Research Organization has placed orbit satellites of varying sizes using primarily the PSLV launcher. "The foreign exchange revenue generated through the launching of these 177 foreign satellites from January 2018 to November 2022 is approximately 94 million USD and 46 million Euro" read the written reply of Dr Jitendra Singh, Minister of State, Prime Minister's Office. #India launched 177 satellites from 19nations over the last 5yrs using PSLV & 1LVM3(Jan 18-Nov 22) For this service, the commercial arm of #isro earned $94mn &Euro $46mn (This is despite #COVID19 induced halt) Once SSLV is ops ready, it could bring in more $$#Parliament pic.twitter.com/0K7LQ8CKDW — Sidharth.M.P (@sdhrthmp) December 16, 2022 × While the PSLV continues to be the mainstay of commercial launchers operated by India, the country recently used its heaviest rocket LVM3 or GSLV Mk3 on its maiden commercial mission. Carried out in October 2022, the mission involved orbiting 36 internet communication satellites of the UK-based firm OneWeb. This marked the entry of the LMV3 into the global commercial launch market, which has largely been dominated by a few space agencies or private firms from the US and Europe. With the LVM3 having matured as a launch vehicle and proven itself by delivering complete successes in all missions to date, the vehicle offers much promise for future commercial opportunities. In February 2023, the LVM3 is to be launched again for orbiting another set of OneWeb satellites. Once the newest rocket, SSLV or India's Small Satellite Launch Vehicle is operational and proven, it can further bolster the prospects for commercial launch services from India.

India: ISRO launched 177 satellites from 19 nations in last 5 years & earned millions

The Orion space capsule splashed down safely into the Pacific ocean on Sunday following a successful unmanned voyage around the Moon. This marked the completion of the Artemis 1 mission after a journey of 25 days.

NASA's Orion Capsule safely returns to earth after 25-days test flight

The first lunar rover from the United Arab Emirates and a toy-like Japanese robot that is designed to roll around in space&nbsp;in the grey dust were launched on board a SpaceX rocket by a Tokyo business on Sunday. The lander's journey to the moon, together with its associated experiments, will take about five months. For financial reasons and to provide greater capacity for freight, the company&nbsp;ispace Inc. built its craft to utilise less fuel. Therefore, it is travelling 1 million miles (1.6 million kilometres) from Earth before turning around and colliding with the moon at the end of April.

In contrast, it took five days for <a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/nasas-orion-spacecraft-slingshots-around-moon-on-way-back-home-540390">NASA's Orion crew</a> capsule and test dummies to reach the moon last month. The Pacific splashdown on Sunday marks the end of the lunar flyby mission.

The Atlas crater, measuring more than 50 miles (87 kilometres) broad and little over one mile (two kilometres) deep, is located in the northeastern region of the moon's near side and will be the target of the ispace lander. The lander stands taller than 7 feet (2.3 metres) when all four of its legs are extended.

The UAE plans to study the moon in addition to Mars, where a science satellite is already in orbit. Just like everything else on the project, the rover, dubbed Rashid after the royal family of Dubai, weighs only 22 pounds (10 kilogrammes) and will function on the surface for roughly 10 days.

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/scientists-find-unusual-intense-blast-of-energy-from-nearby-galaxy-541802">Scientists find ‘unusual, intense blast of energy’ from nearby galaxy</a>

Additionally, a Japanese Space Agency orange-sized sphere that will change into a wheeled robot on the moon is aboard the lander. A solid state battery from a Japanese spark plug firm, a flight computer with artificial intelligence from an Ottawa, Ontario, company, and 360-degree cameras from a Toronto-area company are also in flight.

A small NASA laser experiment that was transported by the rocket is currently travelling independently to the moon to look for ice in the permanently shadowed craters of the lunar south pole.

Hakuto, which is Japanese for white rabbit, is the name of the space mission. A white rabbit is rumoured to reside on the moon in Asian legend. The private business intends to conduct a second lunar landing in 2024 and a third in 2025.

Also WATCH |&nbsp;Japan: Country passes funds law amid 'cult-like' Church controversy

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ispace Inc., which was established in 2010, placed among the top three in the Google Lunar XPRIZE competition, which called for a successful moon landing by 2018. Its lunar rover was never launched. 
 
2019 saw the moon landing of a different candidate, an Israeli nonprofit organisation called SpaceIL. However, the Beresheet spacecraft crashed into the moon and was obliterated rather than making a soft landing.

Since the former Soviet Union's Luna 9 in 1966, only Russia, the U.S., and China have accomplished so-called "soft landings" on the moon. With 12 men across six landings, the U.S. is the only country to have sent astronauts to the moon.

(With inputs from agencies)

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The first lunar rover from the United Arab Emirates and a toy-like Japanese robot that is designed to roll around in space in the grey dust were launched on board a SpaceX rocket by a Tokyo business on Sunday.

The first lunar rover from the United Arab Emirates and a toy-like Japanese robot that is designed to roll around in space in the grey dust were launched on board a SpaceX rocket by a Tokyo business on Sunday. The lander's journey to the moon, together with its associated experiments, will take about five months. For financial reasons and to provide greater capacity for freight, the company ispace Inc. built its craft to utilise less fuel. Therefore, it is travelling 1 million miles (1.6 million kilometres) from Earth before turning around and colliding with the moon at the end of April. In contrast, it took five days for NASA's Orion crew capsule and test dummies to reach the moon last month. The Pacific splashdown on Sunday marks the end of the lunar flyby mission. The Atlas crater, measuring more than 50 miles (87 kilometres) broad and little over one mile (two kilometres) deep, is located in the northeastern region of the moon's near side and will be the target of the ispace lander. The lander stands taller than 7 feet (2.3 metres) when all four of its legs are extended. The UAE plans to study the moon in addition to Mars, where a science satellite is already in orbit. Just like everything else on the project, the rover, dubbed Rashid after the royal family of Dubai, weighs only 22 pounds (10 kilogrammes) and will function on the surface for roughly 10 days. Also read | Scientists find ‘unusual, intense blast of energy’ from nearby galaxy Additionally, a Japanese Space Agency orange-sized sphere that will change into a wheeled robot on the moon is aboard the lander. A solid state battery from a Japanese spark plug firm, a flight computer with artificial intelligence from an Ottawa, Ontario, company, and 360-degree cameras from a Toronto-area company are also in flight. A small NASA laser experiment that was transported by the rocket is currently travelling independently to the moon to look for ice in the permanently shadowed craters of the lunar south pole. Hakuto, which is Japanese for white rabbit, is the name of the space mission. A white rabbit is rumoured to reside on the moon in Asian legend. The private business intends to conduct a second lunar landing in 2024 and a third in 2025. Also WATCH | Japan: Country passes funds law amid 'cult-like' Church controversy ispace Inc., which was established in 2010, placed among the top three in the Google Lunar XPRIZE competition, which called for a successful moon landing by 2018. Its lunar rover was never launched. 2019 saw the moon landing of a different candidate, an Israeli nonprofit organisation called SpaceIL. However, the Beresheet spacecraft crashed into the moon and was obliterated rather than making a soft landing. Since the former Soviet Union's Luna 9 in 1966, only Russia, the U.S., and China have accomplished so-called "soft landings" on the moon. With 12 men across six landings, the U.S. is the only country to have sent astronauts to the moon. (With inputs from agencies) WATCH WION LIVE HERE:

Japanese company's lander heads for the moon with UAE rover on SpaceX rocket

After successfully completing a six-month mission aboard the space station of China, three Chinese astronauts finally landed back on earth.

On June 5, the astronauts left for space to oversee the Tiangong space station’s final construction stage, which got completed in November. While returning, the astronauts were onboard the Shenzhou-14 spacecraft’s re-entry capsule which landed safely at the Dongfeng site in Inner Mongolia.&nbsp;

The three astronauts, commander Chen Dong along with teammates Cai Xuzhe and Liu Yang, after landing said that they feeling good. The tired crew was carried out by the staff at the landing site. The mission was declared a "complete success” by the space agency of China.

Meanwhile, in space, three spacewalks were carried out by the three astronauts to test and check the new facilities. The astronauts also oversaw the arrival of Tiangong’s second and third modules.

ALSO READ|&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/covid-19-was-a-man-made-virus-leaked-from-chinese-lab-claims-wuhan-scientist-in-his-new-book-540159">'COVID-19 was a man-made virus leaked from Chinese lab,' claims Wuhan scientist in his new book</a>

On Wednesday, a new crew consisting of three Chinese astronauts will make its first in-orbit crew handover. The crew had boarded the Shenzhou-15 spacecraft from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Centre which is located in north-west China’s Gobi Desert.

The astronauts will be living for six months in the station. This will be the second such outpost which is permanently inhabited, after the International Space Station led by Nasa, which had excluded China in 2011.

The crew will work on the installation of facilities and equipment around the space station, the China Manned Space Administration’s spokesperson said.

Tiangong space station, also known as "Heavenly Palace", is the new permanent space station in China. Previously, two temporary trial space stations called Tiangong-1 and Tiangong-2 were launched by the country.&nbsp;

(With inputs from agencies)

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After successfully completing a six-month mission aboard the space station of China, three Chinese astronauts finally landed back on earth. On June 5, the astronauts left for space to oversee the Tiangong space station’s final construction stage, which got completed in November.

After successfully completing a six-month mission aboard the space station of China, three Chinese astronauts finally landed back on earth. On June 5, the astronauts left for space to oversee the Tiangong space station’s final construction stage, which got completed in November. While returning, the astronauts were onboard the Shenzhou-14 spacecraft’s re-entry capsule which landed safely at the Dongfeng site in Inner Mongolia. The three astronauts, commander Chen Dong along with teammates Cai Xuzhe and Liu Yang, after landing said that they feeling good. The tired crew was carried out by the staff at the landing site. The mission was declared a "complete success” by the space agency of China. Meanwhile, in space, three spacewalks were carried out by the three astronauts to test and check the new facilities. The astronauts also oversaw the arrival of Tiangong’s second and third modules. ALSO READ| 'COVID-19 was a man-made virus leaked from Chinese lab,' claims Wuhan scientist in his new book On Wednesday, a new crew consisting of three Chinese astronauts will make its first in-orbit crew handover. The crew had boarded the Shenzhou-15 spacecraft from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Centre which is located in north-west China’s Gobi Desert. The astronauts will be living for six months in the station. This will be the second such outpost which is permanently inhabited, after the International Space Station led by Nasa, which had excluded China in 2011. The crew will work on the installation of facilities and equipment around the space station, the China Manned Space Administration’s spokesperson said. Tiangong space station, also known as "Heavenly Palace", is the new permanent space station in China. Previously, two temporary trial space stations called Tiangong-1 and Tiangong-2 were launched by the country. (With inputs from agencies)

Chinese astronauts land back on Earth after a six-month mission

Orion spacecraft surpassed the distance record for a mission. Spacecraft carries humans into deep space at 270,000 miles. This record was previously set by Apollo 13 at 240,000 miles.

NASA's Orion spacecraft sets new milestone distance record

Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) on Saturday successfully launched nine satellites aboard its workhorse Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle-C54 (PSLV) from the Satish Dhawan Space Centre, located in the south-eastern state of Andhra Pradesh.

Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) on Saturday successfully launched nine satellites aboard its workhorse Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle-C54 (PSLV) from the Satish Dhawan Space Centre, located in the south-eastern state of Andhra Pradesh. This was the 56th PSLV flight of ISRO and the last one for the year. The 44.4-metre PSLV rocket blasted off the first launch pad with a lift-off mass of 321 tonnes at 11:56 AM IST (0626 GMT) for the two-hour journey. The countdown to the launch had begun on Friday. Out of the nine satellites, eight are nanosatellites. The Earth Observation Satellite-6 (EOS-06) also dubbed the Oceansat-3 is the primary satellite. The EOS-06 weighs 1,117 kg and was built at the UR Rao Satellite Centre, ISRO. 17.7 minutes after the launch, EOS-06 was injected into a 742.7 km orbit. "PSLV-C54/EOS-06 Mission: EOS-06 spacecraft separation is successful. The spacecraft's health is normal. The mission is continuing.." informed ISRO. PSLV-C54/EOS-06 Mission: EOS-06 spacecraft separation is successful. The spacecraft's health is normal. The mission is continuing ... — ISRO (@isro) November 26, 2022 × Afterwards, the rocket is expected to change its orbit to 516 km sun-synchronous polar orbit to place the rest of the satellites. The change in orbit will be made possible due to the Orbit Change Thrusters (OCTs). The change in orbits during a flight makes it one of the historic ISRO-PSLV missions. One of the satellites to be placed includes INS-2B which is a diplomatic nanosatellite for Bhutan. Two thybolt satellites made by Dhruva Space are also onboard the rocket and will be placed in their intended orbits in the next hour or so. The remaining customer payloads are Anand and four satellites of Astrocast. WATCH | ISRO Rocket Launch: Rocket successfully orbited 36 satellites of UK-based oneweb × The launch of the satellites aboard PSLV comes nearly a week after the entry of the private sector into the space industry. Under 'Mission Prarambh', Vikram-S, a small-lift launch vehicle, named in honour of Vikram Sarabhai, the pioneer of India's space programme, was launched into orbit by Skyroot Aerospace, a private space company. Read more: Vikram-S: India's first private rocket blasts off successfully, everything about 'Prarambh Mission' Earlier, ISRO controlled the creation, design, and launch of space missions in India, making rockets a public sector enterprise. (With inputs from agencies) WATCH WION LIVE HERE:

ISRO successfully launches its PSLV mission with nine satellites; Oceansat-3 placed in orbit

As part of its increased challenge to NASA's dominance in space exploration, China wants to establish its first base on the moon by 2028, followed by the landing of astronauts there in the years that follow.&nbsp;

According to Caixin, the lunar base will probably be powered by nuclear energy. The Chang'e 6, 7 and 8 missions would build the lander, hopper, orbiter, and rover that make up its basic configuration.&nbsp;

"Our astronauts will likely be able to go to the moon within 10 years," Wu Weiran, the programme's main designer, stated in an interview with CCTV earlier this week.&nbsp;

He claimed that nuclear energy can provide long-term, high-power energy requirements of the lunar base.

In recent years, China has stepped up its space programme, sending rovers to the moon, constructing its own space station, and aiming for Mars.&nbsp;

It now competes directly with the US as a result of the plans. NASA has a rover on Mars and plans to send men back to the moon this decade for the first time since the Apollo programme came to an end in the 1970s.&nbsp;

Also Read:<a href="https://www.wionews.com/technology/eu-allows-5g-rollout-in-flights-sky-is-no-longer-a-limit-537419">&nbsp;EU allows 5G rollout in flights; 'Sky is no longer a limit'</a>

In addition to sending astronauts to the moon, China and the US are both investing enormous sums of money to gain access to resources that might support life on the moon or enable the sending of spacecraft to Mars.

China was the first nation to send a rover to the moon's far side in 2019 and returned with its first lunar samples.&nbsp;

The base will serve as the first outpost on the moon's South Pole, which researchers believe to be the ideal location to find water. That area of the moon is a target for NASA as well. In the future, China wants to turn the base into a global research facility.

(with inputs from agencies) 
&nbsp;

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As part of its increased challenge to NASA's dominance in space exploration, China wants to establish its first base on the moon by 2028, followed by the landing of astronauts there in the years that follow.

As part of its increased challenge to NASA's dominance in space exploration, China wants to establish its first base on the moon by 2028, followed by the landing of astronauts there in the years that follow. According to Caixin, the lunar base will probably be powered by nuclear energy. The Chang'e 6, 7 and 8 missions would build the lander, hopper, orbiter, and rover that make up its basic configuration. "Our astronauts will likely be able to go to the moon within 10 years," Wu Weiran, the programme's main designer, stated in an interview with CCTV earlier this week. He claimed that nuclear energy can provide long-term, high-power energy requirements of the lunar base. In recent years, China has stepped up its space programme, sending rovers to the moon, constructing its own space station, and aiming for Mars. It now competes directly with the US as a result of the plans. NASA has a rover on Mars and plans to send men back to the moon this decade for the first time since the Apollo programme came to an end in the 1970s. Also Read: EU allows 5G rollout in flights; 'Sky is no longer a limit' In addition to sending astronauts to the moon, China and the US are both investing enormous sums of money to gain access to resources that might support life on the moon or enable the sending of spacecraft to Mars. China was the first nation to send a rover to the moon's far side in 2019 and returned with its first lunar samples. The base will serve as the first outpost on the moon's South Pole, which researchers believe to be the ideal location to find water. That area of the moon is a target for NASA as well. In the future, China wants to turn the base into a global research facility. (with inputs from agencies)

China to build its first base on moon by 2028, plans to power it by nuclear energy

In a significant step toward enabling persons with physical disabilities to work and live in space, the European Space Agency on Wednesday announced the first-ever "parastronaut."&nbsp;The 22-nation organisation said&nbsp;that it had chosen former British Paralympic sprinter John McFall as one of the 17 new hires chosen for astronaut training.&nbsp;

He will participate in a feasibility study that will enable the ESA to determine the prerequisites for persons with impairments to participate in the next missions.

"It's been quite a whirlwind experience, given that as an amputee, I'd never thought that being an astronaut was a possibility, so excitement was a huge emotion," McFall said in an interview posted on ESA's website.

After the ESA filled its astronaut ranks for the first time since 2009, he will train with 11 reserves&nbsp;and five new career astronauts.&nbsp;

People who are completely capable of passing the ESA's customary rigorous psychological, cognitive, and other exams were invited to apply for positions last year. These individuals are only barred from becoming astronauts because of the limitations of the available hardware in light of their disability.&nbsp;

Also Read:<a href="https://www.wionews.com/india-news/india-successfully-tests-intermediate-range-ballistic-missile-agni-3-536888">&nbsp;India successfully tests intermediate-range ballistic missile Agni-3</a>

It got 257 applications for the "parastronaut" position, a parallel position for astronauts with disabilities.

His appointment was called "a major leap forward" by Disability equality charity Scope.&nbsp;

McFall, who had his right leg amputated at the age of 19 due to a motorcycle accident, went on to take home the bronze medal in the 100-metre race at the 2008 Paralympic Games in Beijing.&nbsp;

The doctor, who is 31 years old, will assist ESA engineers in creating the hardware modifications required to make professional spaceflight more accessible to more qualified people, the agency stated.

(With inputs from agencies) 
&nbsp;

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In a significant step toward enabling persons with physical disabilities to work and live in space, the European Space Agency on Wednesday announced the first-ever "parastronaut.

In a significant step toward enabling persons with physical disabilities to work and live in space, the European Space Agency on Wednesday announced the first-ever "parastronaut." The 22-nation organisation said that it had chosen former British Paralympic sprinter John McFall as one of the 17 new hires chosen for astronaut training. He will participate in a feasibility study that will enable the ESA to determine the prerequisites for persons with impairments to participate in the next missions. "It's been quite a whirlwind experience, given that as an amputee, I'd never thought that being an astronaut was a possibility, so excitement was a huge emotion," McFall said in an interview posted on ESA's website. After the ESA filled its astronaut ranks for the first time since 2009, he will train with 11 reserves and five new career astronauts. People who are completely capable of passing the ESA's customary rigorous psychological, cognitive, and other exams were invited to apply for positions last year. These individuals are only barred from becoming astronauts because of the limitations of the available hardware in light of their disability. Also Read: India successfully tests intermediate-range ballistic missile Agni-3 It got 257 applications for the "parastronaut" position, a parallel position for astronauts with disabilities. His appointment was called "a major leap forward" by Disability equality charity Scope. McFall, who had his right leg amputated at the age of 19 due to a motorcycle accident, went on to take home the bronze medal in the 100-metre race at the 2008 Paralympic Games in Beijing. The doctor, who is 31 years old, will assist ESA engineers in creating the hardware modifications required to make professional spaceflight more accessible to more qualified people, the agency stated. (With inputs from agencies)

European Space Agency names world's first 'parastronaut' in 'a major leap forward'

The European Union has reached a deal on a 6-billion-euro satellite internet system, driven by the bloc's push to boost its own space and communications sectors and ensure security by cutting its reliance on foreign suppliers.

Why is the EU pushing to boost its own space & communications sectors?

In what can be said to be the world's first business transaction on the Moon, a private Japanese firm has signed a $5,000 contract with NASA. Watch this video to know all the details.

First business transaction on the Moon? Japanese company to sell Lunar dust to NASA

Indian launch vehicle firm Skyroot Aerospace has announced that their company's first rocket launch would be carried out at 11:30 am on Tuesday, 15 November. The launch of the sub-orbital rocket named 'Vikram-S' will take place from India's spaceport Satish Dhawan Space Centre, Sriharikota, Andhra Pradesh. This rocket flight will mark the first-ever launch of a privately designed and built rocket from India. The launch window was announced as 12-16 November and the launch date had to be firmed up based on the weather conditions in India's East Coast, given the prevailing North East Monsoon.&nbsp;

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Named 'Vikram-S', the rocket built by Skyroot is meant to lift three payloads belonging to their customers in a Sub-orbital flight(roughly 80 kms above sea level). Generally, anything lofted above the 'Karman Line' (100 kms above sea level) is considered a foray into space and those below the Karman Line are known as sub-orbital flights for upper-atmospheric experiments.&nbsp;

This launch gains significance because it would offer an opportunity for Skyroot to test its flight hardware and systems, thus helping validate their work so far. the company is working on three orbital-class rockets in the Vikram series. The Vikram series of rockets are named after the Indian Physicist and Astronomer Dr. Vikram A Sarabhai, who founded the Indian Space Programme and laid down the ambitious vision for India to use space technology to benefit the common man.&nbsp;

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/india-news/isro-delivers-rocket-self-destruct-mechanism-for-launch-vehicle-built-by-indian-start-up-533396">ISRO delivers rocket self-destruct mechanism for launch vehicle built by Indian start-up</a>

"We could build and get our 'Vikram-S' rocket mission-ready in such a short time only because of the invaluable support we received from ISRO and IN-SPACe, and the technology talent that we inherently possess. We are proud to announce our pathbreaking mission 'Prarambh'(the beginning) dedicated to the Indian private space sector, which has hugely benefited from the reforms that were guided by the Government of India and its vision" said Pawan Chandana, Co-Founder and CEO, Skyroot Aerospace.&nbsp;

Also WATCH |&nbsp;WION Dispatch: ASEAN leaders meet with Cambodian King ahead of Summit

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Pawan had told WION that 'Vikram-S' would be a single-stage rocket that is powered by solid fuel. It will be burning a combination of Aluminium and Ammonium Perchlorate, with Hydroxyl-terminated Polybutadiene acting as a binder. This is a tried and tested solid fuel and is also the same fuel that is used in the solid-stages of India's PSLV and GSLV rockets. ISRO (then known as INCOSPAR) began experimenting with small rockets in the early 1960s and marked the beginning of India's Space programme and the launch of a private rocket from India will kick-start a new era for the private space sector in India.

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/india-news/rajiv-gandhi-assasination-supreme-court-frees-six-killers-of-indian-former-prime-minister-533256">Rajiv Gandhi&nbsp;assasination case: Supreme Court frees six killers of India's former prime minister</a>

India's space sector has been dominated by the state-run space agency, Indian Space Research Organization(ISRO) and a few industries that make components for ISRO. However, from 2020 onwards the Indian Government began the roll out of Space Sector Reforms. These reforms are meant to enable private firms in building their own rockets, satellites, related ground equipment etc. This was done with the intention of ensuring that more firms in India can capitalise on the booming global space economy, which is estimated around $450bn.&nbsp;

Though India has end-to-end indigenous capability in designing, building and launching rockets, orbiting satellites and using the data for civilian strategic purposes, India is a small player in the global market. While India does launch satellites for foreign nations, India's share remains around 1.6-2% of the $450bn global market. Private sector players with their innovative ideas and competitive pricing are expected to gradually push the share further and create an aerospace ecosystem in India. IN-SPACe, under the Government of India, is meant to develop the Indian Space ecosystem, accelerate the space economy in India and nurture private firms to accomplish their ventures in the space sector.

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Indian launch vehicle firm Skyroot Aerospace has announced that their company's first rocket launch would be carried out at 11:30 am on Tuesday, 15 November. The launch of the sub-orbital rocket named 'Vikram-S' will take place from India's spaceport Satish Dhawan Space Centre, Sriharikota, Andhra Pradesh.

Indian launch vehicle firm Skyroot Aerospace has announced that their company's first rocket launch would be carried out at 11:30 am on Tuesday, 15 November. The launch of the sub-orbital rocket named 'Vikram-S' will take place from India's spaceport Satish Dhawan Space Centre, Sriharikota, Andhra Pradesh. This rocket flight will mark the first-ever launch of a privately designed and built rocket from India. The launch window was announced as 12-16 November and the launch date had to be firmed up based on the weather conditions in India's East Coast, given the prevailing North East Monsoon. Named 'Vikram-S', the rocket built by Skyroot is meant to lift three payloads belonging to their customers in a Sub-orbital flight(roughly 80 kms above sea level). Generally, anything lofted above the 'Karman Line' (100 kms above sea level) is considered a foray into space and those below the Karman Line are known as sub-orbital flights for upper-atmospheric experiments. This launch gains significance because it would offer an opportunity for Skyroot to test its flight hardware and systems, thus helping validate their work so far. the company is working on three orbital-class rockets in the Vikram series. The Vikram series of rockets are named after the Indian Physicist and Astronomer Dr. Vikram A Sarabhai, who founded the Indian Space Programme and laid down the ambitious vision for India to use space technology to benefit the common man. Also read | ISRO delivers rocket self-destruct mechanism for launch vehicle built by Indian start-up "We could build and get our 'Vikram-S' rocket mission-ready in such a short time only because of the invaluable support we received from ISRO and IN-SPACe, and the technology talent that we inherently possess. We are proud to announce our pathbreaking mission 'Prarambh'(the beginning) dedicated to the Indian private space sector, which has hugely benefited from the reforms that were guided by the Government of India and its vision" said Pawan Chandana, Co-Founder and CEO, Skyroot Aerospace. Also WATCH | WION Dispatch: ASEAN leaders meet with Cambodian King ahead of Summit Pawan had told WION that 'Vikram-S' would be a single-stage rocket that is powered by solid fuel. It will be burning a combination of Aluminium and Ammonium Perchlorate, with Hydroxyl-terminated Polybutadiene acting as a binder. This is a tried and tested solid fuel and is also the same fuel that is used in the solid-stages of India's PSLV and GSLV rockets. ISRO (then known as INCOSPAR) began experimenting with small rockets in the early 1960s and marked the beginning of India's Space programme and the launch of a private rocket from India will kick-start a new era for the private space sector in India. Also read | Rajiv Gandhi assasination case: Supreme Court frees six killers of India's former prime minister India's space sector has been dominated by the state-run space agency, Indian Space Research Organization(ISRO) and a few industries that make components for ISRO. However, from 2020 onwards the Indian Government began the roll out of Space Sector Reforms. These reforms are meant to enable private firms in building their own rockets, satellites, related ground equipment etc. This was done with the intention of ensuring that more firms in India can capitalise on the booming global space economy, which is estimated around $450bn. Though India has end-to-end indigenous capability in designing, building and launching rockets, orbiting satellites and using the data for civilian strategic purposes, India is a small player in the global market. While India does launch satellites for foreign nations, India's share remains around 1.6-2% of the $450bn global market. Private sector players with their innovative ideas and competitive pricing are expected to gradually push the share further and create an aerospace ecosystem in India. IN-SPACe, under the Government of India, is meant to develop the Indian Space ecosystem, accelerate the space economy in India and nurture private firms to accomplish their ventures in the space sector. WATCH WION LIVE HERE:

Skyroot Aerospace all set to launch India's first private rocket

The Indian space agency handed over the Flight Termination System (FTS) used in its own rockets, to Indian start-up Agnikul Cosmos. The Chennai-based launch vehicle company is in the process of building their own rocket 'Agnibaan'. The Flight Termination System (FTS), colloquially known as "kill-switch" is a crucial piece of technology that can be used to remotely self-destruct the rocket when it faces a serious anomaly or it deviates from the planned flight path, thus endangering life and property.&nbsp;

According to ISRO, the&nbsp;handing-over event marked the culmination of multiple rounds of interactions about interfacing, handling and using these systems on Agnikul's launch vehicle 'Agnibaan', in the presence of Director, VSSC and IN-SPACe teams.

Srinath Ravichandran, CEO and Co-Founder of Agnikul Cosmos told WION that the 'Agnibaan' vehicle is meant to be launched from ISRO's spaceport in Sriharikota and that the FTS is necessary to ensure a safe and controlled flight. He added that their rocket FTS had to be interfaced with ISRO's safety system. Queried about their company's maiden launch, he said that they were targeting it by 2022-end.&nbsp;

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ISRO handing over this FTS to Agnikul Cosmos marks the first time that a system being used in ISRO's rockets, is being supplied to support a private firm that is building rockets in India. The FTS package is meant to be used for Agnikul's&nbsp;fully controlled sub-orbital launcher, that is expected to launch from India's spaceport SDSC SHAR, Sriharikota.

Generally, anything lofted above the 'Karman Line' (100kms above sea level) is considered a foray into space and those placed below the Karman Line are known as sub-orbital flights for upper-atmospheric experiments. Before making an orbital-class rocket, it is common for start-ups to build smaller rockets and fly them to the upper atmosphere and validate the launch vehicle technologies, flight hardware and sub-systems.&nbsp;

Recently, Agnikul's&nbsp;3-D printed rocket engine was test fired successfully at a facility of Indian Space Research Organization. The Engine 'Agnilet' was test fired at the Vertical Test Facility at ISRO's Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre (VSSC). This successful test marked a milestone in the private launch vehicle company's journey to building their spacefaring rocket 'Agnibaan'.&nbsp;

According to the company, this test was conducted with the support of IN-SPACe and ISRO and was meant to validate the technological possibility that rocket engines can be made as a single piece of hardware. Agnikul&nbsp;had recently announced that&nbsp;the Government Of India has awarded them the patent for the design and manufacturing of their single-piece rocket engines. 'Agnilet', one such single-piece engine, is the world's first single-piece 3D printed rocket engine&nbsp;fully designed and manufactured in India, it was successfully test-fired at IIT Madras in 2021.&nbsp;

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The Indian space agency handed over the Flight Termination System (FTS) used in its own rockets, to Indian start-up Agnikul Cosmos. The Chennai-based launch vehicle company is in the process of building their own rocket 'Agnibaan'.

The Indian space agency handed over the Flight Termination System (FTS) used in its own rockets, to Indian start-up Agnikul Cosmos. The Chennai-based launch vehicle company is in the process of building their own rocket 'Agnibaan'. The Flight Termination System (FTS), colloquially known as "kill-switch" is a crucial piece of technology that can be used to remotely self-destruct the rocket when it faces a serious anomaly or it deviates from the planned flight path, thus endangering life and property. According to ISRO, the handing-over event marked the culmination of multiple rounds of interactions about interfacing, handling and using these systems on Agnikul's launch vehicle 'Agnibaan', in the presence of Director, VSSC and IN-SPACe teams. Srinath Ravichandran, CEO and Co-Founder of Agnikul Cosmos told WION that the 'Agnibaan' vehicle is meant to be launched from ISRO's spaceport in Sriharikota and that the FTS is necessary to ensure a safe and controlled flight. He added that their rocket FTS had to be interfaced with ISRO's safety system. Queried about their company's maiden launch, he said that they were targeting it by 2022-end. Also read | Ukrainian forces enter Kherson city following Russian military evacuation ISRO handing over this FTS to Agnikul Cosmos marks the first time that a system being used in ISRO's rockets, is being supplied to support a private firm that is building rockets in India. The FTS package is meant to be used for Agnikul's fully controlled sub-orbital launcher, that is expected to launch from India's spaceport SDSC SHAR, Sriharikota. Generally, anything lofted above the 'Karman Line' (100kms above sea level) is considered a foray into space and those placed below the Karman Line are known as sub-orbital flights for upper-atmospheric experiments. Before making an orbital-class rocket, it is common for start-ups to build smaller rockets and fly them to the upper atmosphere and validate the launch vehicle technologies, flight hardware and sub-systems. Recently, Agnikul's 3-D printed rocket engine was test fired successfully at a facility of Indian Space Research Organization. The Engine 'Agnilet' was test fired at the Vertical Test Facility at ISRO's Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre (VSSC). This successful test marked a milestone in the private launch vehicle company's journey to building their spacefaring rocket 'Agnibaan'. According to the company, this test was conducted with the support of IN-SPACe and ISRO and was meant to validate the technological possibility that rocket engines can be made as a single piece of hardware. Agnikul had recently announced that the Government Of India has awarded them the patent for the design and manufacturing of their single-piece rocket engines. 'Agnilet', one such single-piece engine, is the world's first single-piece 3D printed rocket engine fully designed and manufactured in India, it was successfully test-fired at IIT Madras in 2021.

ISRO delivers rocket self-destruct mechanism for launch vehicle built by Indian start-up

The nearest black hole to Earth has been found by astronomers, and it is just 1,600 light-years away.&nbsp;Scientists revealed on Friday that this black hole is 10&nbsp;times as large as the Sun and&nbsp;compared to the previous record-holder, it is three times closer.

According to NASA, a black hole is a region in space&nbsp;where gravity is so strong that even light cannot escape. Because the substance is compressed into such a small area, the gravity is extremely intense.&nbsp;People cannot perceive black holes because no light can escape from them. They are undetectable. Specialized space telescopes aid in the discovery of black holes. The unique instruments can see how stars that are very near black holes behave differently from other stars.

The companion star, which circles the black hole at roughly the same distance as Earth orbits the Sun, was used to identify it.

Gaia, a satellite operated by the European Space Agency, was used to discover the black hole first, according to Kareem El-Badry of the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics.

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The International Gemini Observatory in Hawaii was contacted by El-Badry and his group to corroborate their findings, which were then reported in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society.

How the system developed in the Milky Way is a mystery to the experts. It has the designation Gaia BH1 and is found in the serpent-bearer constellation Ophiuchus.

Also WATCH |&nbsp;Cop27 Summit: US wants China back on negotiation table, ‘loss and damage payments’ to dominate

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(With inputs from agencies)

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The nearest black hole to Earth has been found by astronomers, and it is just 1,600 light-years away. Scientists revealed on Friday that this black hole is 10 times as large as the Sun and compared to the previous record-holder, it is three times closer.

The nearest black hole to Earth has been found by astronomers, and it is just 1,600 light-years away. Scientists revealed on Friday that this black hole is 10 times as large as the Sun and compared to the previous record-holder, it is three times closer. According to NASA, a black hole is a region in space where gravity is so strong that even light cannot escape. Because the substance is compressed into such a small area, the gravity is extremely intense. People cannot perceive black holes because no light can escape from them. They are undetectable. Specialized space telescopes aid in the discovery of black holes. The unique instruments can see how stars that are very near black holes behave differently from other stars. The companion star, which circles the black hole at roughly the same distance as Earth orbits the Sun, was used to identify it. Gaia, a satellite operated by the European Space Agency, was used to discover the black hole first, according to Kareem El-Badry of the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics. Also read | We are heading to a future with more rainbows, but there's a catch The International Gemini Observatory in Hawaii was contacted by El-Badry and his group to corroborate their findings, which were then reported in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. How the system developed in the Milky Way is a mystery to the experts. It has the designation Gaia BH1 and is found in the serpent-bearer constellation Ophiuchus. Also WATCH | Cop27 Summit: US wants China back on negotiation table, ‘loss and damage payments’ to dominate (With inputs from agencies) WATCH WION LIVE HERE:

Astronomers discover black hole, 10 times larger than the Sun, closest to Earth

The Universe is filled with fascinating structures. Stars, planets and galaxies bring untold beauty and awe our way. And space agencies like NASA do a fine job of keeping the excitement up. Through their social handles, these space agencies share beautiful photos that go viral online.

NASA has posted another such image. It's calling it a 'cosmic keyhole'. This particular picture has been captured by Hubble Space Telescope, which, in spite of the presence of James Webb Telescope, has not stopped working diligently.

Watch | NASA spacecraft records epic 'Marsquakes', images show debris hurled up to 40 KM

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This 'cosmic keyhole' is a reflection nebula. It is designated as NGC 1999. It is 1350 light-years from Earth and is near Orion nebula.

Check out the image here.

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Peer into this cosmic keyhole! 
 
This <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/HubbleFriday?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#HubbleFriday</a> showcases NGC 1999, a reflection nebula located 1,350 light-years from Earth. The nebula is quite literally composed of stardust: the leftover dust and gas from a newborn star! Read more: <a href="https://t.co/oZtNXNhRP6">https://t.co/oZtNXNhRP6</a> <a href="https://t.co/piRng527lJ">pic.twitter.com/piRng527lJ</a>
— Hubble (@NASAHubble) <a href="https://twitter.com/NASAHubble/status/1585983934940254208?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">October 28, 2022</a></blockquote>
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"This peculiar portrait from the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope showcases NGC 1999, a reflection nebula in the constellation Orion. NGC 1999 is around 1,350 light-years from Earth and lies near the Orion Nebula, the closest region of massive star formation to Earth. NGC 1999 itself is a relic of recent star formation – it is composed of debris left over from the formation of a newborn star," says NASA on its website.

Also Read | <a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/want-to-know-how-earths-magnetic-field-sounds-like-check-this-out-530233">Want to know how Earth's magnetic field sounds like? Check this out</a>

"Just like fog curling around a streetlamp, reflection nebulae like NGC 1999 shine by the light from an embedded source. In the case of NGC 1999, this source is the aforementioned newborn star V380 Orionis, which is visible at the center of this image. The most notable aspect of NGC 1999’s appearance, however, is the conspicuous hole in its center, which resembles an inky black keyhole of cosmic proportions," adds NASA.

You can now write for wionews.com and be a part of the community. Share your stories and opinions with us <a href="https://www.wionews.com/content-contribution-registration-form">here</a>.

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&nbsp;

The Universe is filled with fascinating structures. Stars, planets and galaxies bring untold beauty and awe our way. And space agencies like NASA do a fine job of keeping the excitement up.

The Universe is filled with fascinating structures. Stars, planets and galaxies bring untold beauty and awe our way. And space agencies like NASA do a fine job of keeping the excitement up. Through their social handles, these space agencies share beautiful photos that go viral online. NASA has posted another such image. It's calling it a 'cosmic keyhole'. This particular picture has been captured by Hubble Space Telescope, which, in spite of the presence of James Webb Telescope, has not stopped working diligently. Watch | NASA spacecraft records epic 'Marsquakes', images show debris hurled up to 40 KM × This 'cosmic keyhole' is a reflection nebula. It is designated as NGC 1999. It is 1350 light-years from Earth and is near Orion nebula. Check out the image here. Peer into this cosmic keyhole! This #HubbleFriday showcases NGC 1999, a reflection nebula located 1,350 light-years from Earth. The nebula is quite literally composed of stardust: the leftover dust and gas from a newborn star! Read more: https://t.co/oZtNXNhRP6 pic.twitter.com/piRng527lJ — Hubble (@NASAHubble) October 28, 2022 × "This peculiar portrait from the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope showcases NGC 1999, a reflection nebula in the constellation Orion. NGC 1999 is around 1,350 light-years from Earth and lies near the Orion Nebula, the closest region of massive star formation to Earth. NGC 1999 itself is a relic of recent star formation – it is composed of debris left over from the formation of a newborn star," says NASA on its website. Also Read | Want to know how Earth's magnetic field sounds like? Check this out "Just like fog curling around a streetlamp, reflection nebulae like NGC 1999 shine by the light from an embedded source. In the case of NGC 1999, this source is the aforementioned newborn star V380 Orionis, which is visible at the center of this image. The most notable aspect of NGC 1999’s appearance, however, is the conspicuous hole in its center, which resembles an inky black keyhole of cosmic proportions," adds NASA. You can now write for wionews.com and be a part of the community. Share your stories and opinions with us here. WATCH WION LIVE HERE ×

NASA posts fantastic image of a 'cosmic keyhole'

Elon Musk owns companies that make electric cars, send people to space and, make tunnels. Now he owns Twitter as well. Is he taking on more than he can handle? Molly Gambhir tells you more.

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