India’s opposition parties held coordinated protests during the Winter Session of Parliament, raising concerns over the implementation of the new labour codes. Lawmakers argue the laws could impact worker rights, job security, and wage protections. The government maintains the reforms aim to simplify compliance and promote economic growth. This video explains what the labour codes change, why the protests intensified, and what comes next in Parliament.

India's Opposition Parties Stage Protest Against Labour Codes

India has implemented four new Labour Codes, replacing 29 older labor laws in a major reform effort. The new codes aim to simplify regulations, improve ease of doing business, and enhance worker protections while standardizing rules across sectors.

India Implements New Labour Codes, Four Labour Codes Replace 29 Older Laws Across India

The Union Government of India has consolidated the 29 labour laws into four codes. The codes were introduced between 2019 and 2020, after being deferred several times; they were implemented on Friday. The labour rules, some of which had been there since colonial times, were perceived by the corporate India as slowing down its manufacturing sector. The Union Government of India calls these reforms historic, which streamlines compliance, modernises the archaic provisions and creates an efficient framework for ease of doing business. But the unions call it undemocratic and “are a blueprint to impose a condition of virtual slavery” for the working people of the country.&nbsp;

<blockquote class="twitter-tweet">Shramev Jayate! Today, our Government has given effect to the Four Labour Codes. It is one of the most comprehensive and progressive labour-oriented reforms since Independence. It greatly empowers our workers. It also significantly simplifies compliance and promotes ‘Ease of…&mdash; Narendra Modi (@narendramodi) <a href="https://twitter.com/narendramodi/status/1991819263322296656?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">November 21, 2025</a></blockquote> <script async src="https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js" charset="utf-8"></script>

<h2>What are the four labour codes? Why do unions warn of weaker rights?</h2>The four labour codes include the Code of Wages, the Code of Industrial Relations, the Code of Social Security, and the Occupational Safety, Health and Working Conditions Code. The main highlights of these codes are&nbsp;<ul><li>The primary highlight of the code of wages is that it fixes a minimum wage for both organised and unorganised sectors. It also introduces a floor wage that no state can fix minimum wages below this level.&nbsp;</li><li>The Code of Social Security defined gig and platform work for the first time, expanding legal and social protection to workers outside traditional employment structures.</li><li>A national database is to be developed for unorganised workers, including migrants, to help migrant workers get jobs</li><li>Women are allowed to work in all sectors, including night, with mandatory security.</li><li>Only fixed-term employees are eligible for gratuity after one year.&nbsp;</li><li>Free annual health checkup for workers above 40 years.</li><li>Expanded ESIC (Employees' State Insurance) Coverage</li><li>Raised the threshold for prior approval for firing from 100 to 300.&nbsp;</li></ul>&nbsp;However, the union called this "a deceptive fraud committed against the working people of the nation", They allege that the Union government "dizzied by the victory in the Bihar election, felt super empowered' to implement the four labour codes. They have previously protested these four codes. The code undermines the democratic voices of dissent. Code on Wages makes the definition of wage ambiguous, undermining the federal structure by reducing the state-level negotiation powers of workers to demand better wages that reflect the local living costs. Code on Social Security fails to universalise mandates on social security; it creates ambiguity, even though it recognises the gig workers, but it does not include a detailed framework related to job security, minimum wage, and working conditions. The Occupational Safety, Health and Working Conditions Code leaves out informal workers and migrant labourers, defining 'workers and employers' vaguely. The Unions allege that the union government has implemented the labour codes in the guise of ease of compliance. Despite repeated calls, the Union Government has not convened the Indian Labour Conference since 2015.&nbsp;

India has implemented four new labour codes aiming to simplify regulations, but unions warn of weaker rights, ambiguous wage rules, and reduced protections.

The Union Government of India has consolidated the 29 labour laws into four codes. The codes were introduced between 2019 and 2020, after being deferred several times; they were implemented on Friday. The labour rules, some of which had been there since colonial times, were perceived by the corporate India as slowing down its manufacturing sector. The Union Government of India calls these reforms historic, which streamlines compliance, modernises the archaic provisions and creates an efficient framework for ease of doing business. But the unions call it undemocratic and “are a blueprint to impose a condition of virtual slavery” for the working people of the country.

India has implemented four new labour codes aiming to simplify regulations, but unions warn of weaker rights, ambiguous wage rules, and reduced protections.

Easier to hire and fire- Why unions are warning about weaker rights in four labour codes?

From July 1, new labour codes can be implemented across the country. It can impact your salary, working hours and weekly offs. The Centre has finalised the&nbsp;four codes related to wages, social security, industrial relations and occupational safety. Now it is up to the states to implement them.&nbsp;According to the code, the concerned company must have to pay the full and final dues within two days of the employee’s last working day after their resignation or termination of employment services. Officials said in December that "the new wage code would be introduced next year, i.e., 2022".

<h2>New Wage Code Implementation Date</h2>

It is expected to be implemented from July 1, 2022.&nbsp;Once the new codes are introduced, the take home salary would be lesser as the PF contribution would go up.&nbsp;Employees may have to work for 12 hours a day as the Labour Ministry made it clear that the requirement for a 48 hour weekly work is compulsory. There are also talks about working four- day in a week.&nbsp;

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<h2>New Wage Code 2022: Full and Final Payment in just 2 Days</h2>

Currently, the complete settlement of salary and dues are done after 45 days to 60 days from an employee's last working day, and in some cases, it goes up to 90 days. But, according to the new rules, a company must pay the full and final settlement of wages and dues within two days of an employee's last working day following their resignation, dismissal or removal from employment and services.

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<h2>New Labour Code (2022): Changes in working hours</h2>

Under the new labour codes, employees would be allowed to get three week-offs. But, employees would have to work for not more than 48 hours. Employees who work for 8 hours every day will get only one week off. However those who work for 12 hours every day will get&nbsp;three week-offs. Those who work 9 hours per day will get 2 week-offs. Hence, the offs depend on the work hours respectively. The new codes also allow increase in the maximum number of overtime hours from 50 hours to 125 hours.

<h2>What will be the impact on salaried employees by new wage code?</h2>

1. New wage code to impact your salary. Your in-hand salary will be reduced after implementation of Wage Code

The government's notification on Code on Wages 2019 may reduce the take-home pay while components like PF&nbsp;might rise based on some factors.

2.&nbsp;New wage code to impact your allowance component that is a part of your salary&nbsp;

But, the employees would not be able to get more than 50 percent of their salary in the form of allowance.

3.&nbsp;After implementation of new Wage Code,&nbsp;PF will be higher

This also means that there will be a consequent rise in PF contribution of the employee.&nbsp;

4. New wage code could bring about a longer working hour, though your week off will be more than 2 in that case.&nbsp;

Though it is compulsory to work for 48 hours, the week off may increase depending on working hours.&nbsp;&nbsp;

5. After the implementation of&nbsp;new wage code, there could be big changes in Earned Leave policy

30 holidays in 1 year are now allowed in Government departments, however, defense employees would get 60 holidays in a&nbsp;year.&nbsp;

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<h2>New Leave Policy&nbsp;introduces in Wage Code</h2>

The maternity leaves for female employees will increase to 26 weeks. Also, companies cannot&nbsp;place them on the night shift without their consent. Proper facilities and security should have to be ensured. Also as mentioned above, Earned Leave Policy might be impacted the most.&nbsp;employees in India may be able to enjoy a four-day workweek, as opposed to the current five-day workweek from 2022-23. Weekly-offs would depend on the number of working hours.&nbsp;If this code is implemented, the labour force will be entitled to leaves after every 180 days against 240 days earlier.&nbsp;

Hence the new labour code has many advantages for the employees. Some people consider that certain changes should be made in the laws, while some are eagerly waiting for it to be implemented. The new rules also talk about Work from home which was implemented during the COVID-19 pandemic.&nbsp;&nbsp;The new rules have been drafted to improve the well-being of employees. 
 
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From July 1, new labour codes can be implemented across the country. It can impact your salary, working hours and weekly offs. The Centre has finalised the four codes related to wages, social security, industrial relations and occupational safety.

From July 1, new labour codes can be implemented across the country. It can impact your salary, working hours and weekly offs. The Centre has finalised the four codes related to wages, social security, industrial relations and occupational safety. Now it is up to the states to implement them. According to the code, the concerned company must have to pay the full and final dues within two days of the employee’s last working day after their resignation or termination of employment services. Officials said in December that "the new wage code would be introduced next year, i.e., 2022". New Wage Code Implementation Date It is expected to be implemented from July 1, 2022. Once the new codes are introduced, the take home salary would be lesser as the PF contribution would go up. Employees may have to work for 12 hours a day as the Labour Ministry made it clear that the requirement for a 48 hour weekly work is compulsory. There are also talks about working four- day in a week. Also read | High alert across Jammu and Kashmir as Amarnath Yatra starts New Wage Code 2022: Full and Final Payment in just 2 Days Currently, the complete settlement of salary and dues are done after 45 days to 60 days from an employee's last working day, and in some cases, it goes up to 90 days. But, according to the new rules, a company must pay the full and final settlement of wages and dues within two days of an employee's last working day following their resignation, dismissal or removal from employment and services. Watch | Facebook parent Meta slashes hiring plans for new engineers by 30 per cent New Labour Code (2022): Changes in working hours Under the new labour codes, employees would be allowed to get three week-offs. But, employees would have to work for not more than 48 hours. Employees who work for 8 hours every day will get only one week off. However those who work for 12 hours every day will get three week-offs. Those who work 9 hours per day will get 2 week-offs. Hence, the offs depend on the work hours respectively. The new codes also allow increase in the maximum number of overtime hours from 50 hours to 125 hours. What will be the impact on salaried employees by new wage code? 1. New wage code to impact your salary. Your in-hand salary will be reduced after implementation of Wage Code The government's notification on Code on Wages 2019 may reduce the take-home pay while components like PF might rise based on some factors. 2. New wage code to impact your allowance component that is a part of your salary But, the employees would not be able to get more than 50 percent of their salary in the form of allowance. 3. After implementation of new Wage Code, PF will be higher This also means that there will be a consequent rise in PF contribution of the employee. 4. New wage code could bring about a longer working hour, though your week off will be more than 2 in that case. Though it is compulsory to work for 48 hours, the week off may increase depending on working hours. 5. After the implementation of new wage code, there could be big changes in Earned Leave policy 30 holidays in 1 year are now allowed in Government departments, however, defense employees would get 60 holidays in a year. Also read | India's GSLV Mk3 rocket to launch Oneweb satellites in Oct'22 and Jan'23: ISRO Chairman New Leave Policy introduces in Wage Code The maternity leaves for female employees will increase to 26 weeks. Also, companies cannot place them on the night shift without their consent. Proper facilities and security should have to be ensured. Also as mentioned above, Earned Leave Policy might be impacted the most. employees in India may be able to enjoy a four-day workweek, as opposed to the current five-day workweek from 2022-23. Weekly-offs would depend on the number of working hours. If this code is implemented, the labour force will be entitled to leaves after every 180 days against 240 days earlier. Hence the new labour code has many advantages for the employees. Some people consider that certain changes should be made in the laws, while some are eagerly waiting for it to be implemented. The new rules also talk about Work from home which was implemented during the COVID-19 pandemic. The new rules have been drafted to improve the well-being of employees. WATCH WION LIVE HERE You can now write for wionews.com and be a part of the community. Share your stories and opinions with us here.

New Labour Laws 2022: Check how these new laws will be beneficial for you

The past two years have seen a drastic change in the work culture after the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic started spreading across the world at the beginning of 2020, forcing countries to implement partial or complete lockdown.&nbsp;

Business and offices were shifted online and work from home became the new normal. Globally, many sectors are still practising the work from home culture or have introduced a hybrid system, where employees are coming to offices on one or two days of the week as the Covid variants continue to wreak havoc.&nbsp;

India also imposed lockdowns, allowing only individuals associated with the essential services to continue working as usual but with the following necessary measures, like using face maks, social distancing, sanitising, etc. to curb the spread of the deadly virus.&nbsp;

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But is India planning to implement reforms in labour codes, intending to bring about changes on a larger scale? And if it happened, how will it impact individual employees?&nbsp;

Will it change the in-hand salary of employees, working hours, and the number of weekdays? Here's a report:

A report by news agency PTI has stated that four labour codes on wages, social security, industrial relations and occupation safety, health and working conditions are likely to be implemented by the next fiscal year.&nbsp;

Watch: Gravitas |&nbsp;A four-day working week in India?

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"The four labour codes are likely to be implemented in the next financial year of 2022-23 as a large number of states have finalised draft rules on these," an official was quoted by PTI as saying.&nbsp;

"The Centre has completed the process of finalising the draft rules on these codes in February 2021. But since labour is a concurrent subject, the Centre wants the states to implement these as well in one go," he added.&nbsp;

How will it impact individuals?

The report mentioned that the central government has notified four labour codes likely related to wages, social security, occupational safety, health and working conditions.&nbsp;

Hindustan Times has published a report, citing experts as it speculated that the reformed codes might give employees in India a privilege of a four-day workweek instead of five days from next year.

However, there's a catch, if it happens, the employees might have to work for 12 hours on those four days. For the unversed, the labour ministry has indicated that the 48-hour weekly work requirement will be in place.&nbsp;

There's also a possibility that there will be a reduction in in-hand salary and if it happens, the employees' Provident Fund (PF) will be impacted.&nbsp;

When the codes are likely to be implemented?

India's Union Labour Minister Bhupender Yadav in a reply to the Rajya Sabha earlier this week had said that the Occupational Safety, Health and Working Conditions Code is the only code on which the least number of 13 states have pre-published the draft rules.&nbsp;

However, the Centre as well as states are required to notify rules under the four codes to enforce these laws in respective jurisdictions.&nbsp;

Under the Codes, the power to make rules have been entrusted to the Central Government, State Government and appropriate Government and there is a requirement of publication of Rules in their official Gazette for a period of 30 or 45 days for public consultation.&nbsp;

The past two years have seen a drastic change in the work culture after the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic started spreading across the world at the beginning of 2020, forcing countries to implement partial or complete lockdown.

The past two years have seen a drastic change in the work culture after the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic started spreading across the world at the beginning of 2020, forcing countries to implement partial or complete lockdown. Business and offices were shifted online and work from home became the new normal. Globally, many sectors are still practising the work from home culture or have introduced a hybrid system, where employees are coming to offices on one or two days of the week as the Covid variants continue to wreak havoc. India also imposed lockdowns, allowing only individuals associated with the essential services to continue working as usual but with the following necessary measures, like using face maks, social distancing, sanitising, etc. to curb the spread of the deadly virus. IN PICS | From women protection to investment, from cinema to trade: UAE's legal reform reflects its future aspirations But is India planning to implement reforms in labour codes, intending to bring about changes on a larger scale? And if it happened, how will it impact individual employees? Will it change the in-hand salary of employees, working hours, and the number of weekdays? Here's a report: A report by news agency PTI has stated that four labour codes on wages, social security, industrial relations and occupation safety, health and working conditions are likely to be implemented by the next fiscal year. Watch: Gravitas | A four-day working week in India? ALSO READ | 'Frivolous' plea to remove PM Modi's photo from Covid vaccine certificates dismissed by Kerala High Court "The four labour codes are likely to be implemented in the next financial year of 2022-23 as a large number of states have finalised draft rules on these," an official was quoted by PTI as saying. "The Centre has completed the process of finalising the draft rules on these codes in February 2021. But since labour is a concurrent subject, the Centre wants the states to implement these as well in one go," he added. How will it impact individuals? The report mentioned that the central government has notified four labour codes likely related to wages, social security, occupational safety, health and working conditions. Hindustan Times has published a report, citing experts as it speculated that the reformed codes might give employees in India a privilege of a four-day workweek instead of five days from next year. However, there's a catch, if it happens, the employees might have to work for 12 hours on those four days. For the unversed, the labour ministry has indicated that the 48-hour weekly work requirement will be in place. There's also a possibility that there will be a reduction in in-hand salary and if it happens, the employees' Provident Fund (PF) will be impacted. When the codes are likely to be implemented? India's Union Labour Minister Bhupender Yadav in a reply to the Rajya Sabha earlier this week had said that the Occupational Safety, Health and Working Conditions Code is the only code on which the least number of 13 states have pre-published the draft rules. However, the Centre as well as states are required to notify rules under the four codes to enforce these laws in respective jurisdictions. Under the Codes, the power to make rules have been entrusted to the Central Government, State Government and appropriate Government and there is a requirement of publication of Rules in their official Gazette for a period of 30 or 45 days for public consultation.

4 days work, 3 days off? India labour code may transform office culture, if passed

The Government of India will soon offer corporate houses the flexibility to choose a shorter four-day work week, albeit with longer shifts.

The weekly 48-hour work limit will stay but employers will be able to deploy people on four, 12-hour workdays per week; or five, around 10-hour days; or six, eight-hour days, labour secretary Apurva Chandra told reporters on Monday.

The provision will be part of the labour code, and once the new rules are implemented, employers will no longer be required to seek government permission to shift to a four- or a five-day working week if their employees approve the arrangement.

Companies will have to give three days’ of paid leaves and 12 hours of work per day to their employees with the consent of the workers, said Labour and Employment Secretary Apurva Chandra said on Monday.

“We are not forcing employees or employers. It gives flexibility. It’s an enabling provision in sync with the changing work culture. We have tried to make some changes. We have tried to give flexibility in working days,” he said. The draft rules under the labour codes are in the final stage and most states were in the process of framing their rules and some, including Uttar Pradesh, Punjab and Madhya Pradesh, would be ready with their drafts this week, Chandra added.

“It (working days) could come down below five. If it is four, then you have to provide three paid holidays…so if it has to be a seven day week, then it has to be divided into 4 or 5 or 6 working days. Under the Occupational Safety, Health and Working Conditions Code, 2020 draft rules, the limit of working hours for a week were 48 hours. This limit was sacrosanct and that employers and workers would have to agree to a change in working days. It cannot be forced,” he said.

(With inputs from agencies)

The Government of India will soon offer corporate houses the flexibility to choose a shorter four-day work week, albeit with longer shifts. The weekly 48-hour work limit will stay but employers will be able to deploy people on four, 12-hour workdays per week; or five, around 10-hour days; or six, eight-hour days, labour secretary Apurva Chandra told reporters on Monday.

The Government of India will soon offer corporate houses the flexibility to choose a shorter four-day work week, albeit with longer shifts. The weekly 48-hour work limit will stay but employers will be able to deploy people on four, 12-hour workdays per week; or five, around 10-hour days; or six, eight-hour days, labour secretary Apurva Chandra told reporters on Monday. The provision will be part of the labour code, and once the new rules are implemented, employers will no longer be required to seek government permission to shift to a four- or a five-day working week if their employees approve the arrangement. Companies will have to give three days’ of paid leaves and 12 hours of work per day to their employees with the consent of the workers, said Labour and Employment Secretary Apurva Chandra said on Monday. “We are not forcing employees or employers. It gives flexibility. It’s an enabling provision in sync with the changing work culture. We have tried to make some changes. We have tried to give flexibility in working days,” he said. The draft rules under the labour codes are in the final stage and most states were in the process of framing their rules and some, including Uttar Pradesh, Punjab and Madhya Pradesh, would be ready with their drafts this week, Chandra added. “It (working days) could come down below five. If it is four, then you have to provide three paid holidays…so if it has to be a seven day week, then it has to be divided into 4 or 5 or 6 working days. Under the Occupational Safety, Health and Working Conditions Code, 2020 draft rules, the limit of working hours for a week were 48 hours. This limit was sacrosanct and that employers and workers would have to agree to a change in working days. It cannot be forced,” he said. (With inputs from agencies)

4-day work week to be a reality soon? Centre to include the proposal in labour codes

The government is aiming to implement all the four labour codes in one go by December this year and complete the final stretch of labour sector reforms, Union minister Santosh Gangwar has said.

Parliament in its just concluded session passed three labour code bills: the Industrial Relations Code, the Social Security Code, and the Occupational Safety, Health and Working Conditions Code.

The Wage Code Bill, 2019 was passed by Parliament last year.

The labour ministry had circulated the draft rules on the Wage Code Bill last year but held back its finalisation and implementation.

The ministry wanted to implement all the four codes and rules under those in one go as all of them are inter-linked.

Talking to PTI, Labour Minister Gangwar said, "Government is doing all efforts to complete the labour reforms by implementing the all four labour codes by December this year."

He further said the Wage Code Bill was passed last year and now with the passage of three more codes by Parliament, "the rules under these legislations would be enforced at once".

After the passage of a legislation in Parliament, it is sent for President of India assent.

A law comes into force after notification of rules.

Initially, draft rules under a law is notified with a stipulated time period to receive feedback.

Thereafter, these rules are finalised and implemented for bringing the law into force.

The draft rules of the three codes on industrial relations, social security and occupational safety, health and working conditions are likely to be circulated by the first week of November for feedback.

The labour ministry is expected to finalise and implement rules of the three codes along with already firmed wage code rules by December this year.

Thereafter, these four codes would become law of land to complete game-changing labour reforms in the country.

The government aims to catapult India to among the top 10 countries in World Bank's ease of doing business rankings with the comprehensive labour reforms.

As per the 'Doing Business' 2020 report, India had jumped 14 places to the 63rd position in the ease of doing business rankings.

India has improved its rank by 79 positions in five years (2014-19).

The higher ranking would boost investment and job creation in the country.

Commenting on labour reforms K E Raghunathan, Convenor of CIA (Consortium of Indian Association), said, "The COVID-19 situation has made both the life of employer and employee difficult. If the government statistics say over 21 million Job loss during April to August then the figure of employers who lost enterprises is yet to be ascertained. We estimate them to be around 30 per cent of over 65 million enterprises."

He further stated, "Under these circumstances, these new (labour) codes are bound to make new enterprises investor friendly, increase ease of doing business and make it attractive to invite foreign entities which want to come out of China."

The government is aiming to implement all the four labour codes in one go by December this year and complete the final stretch of labour sector reforms, Union minister Santosh Gangwar has said.

The government is aiming to implement all the four labour codes in one go by December this year and complete the final stretch of labour sector reforms, Union minister Santosh Gangwar has said. Parliament in its just concluded session passed three labour code bills: the Industrial Relations Code, the Social Security Code, and the Occupational Safety, Health and Working Conditions Code. The Wage Code Bill, 2019 was passed by Parliament last year. The labour ministry had circulated the draft rules on the Wage Code Bill last year but held back its finalisation and implementation. The ministry wanted to implement all the four codes and rules under those in one go as all of them are inter-linked. Talking to PTI, Labour Minister Gangwar said, "Government is doing all efforts to complete the labour reforms by implementing the all four labour codes by December this year." He further said the Wage Code Bill was passed last year and now with the passage of three more codes by Parliament, "the rules under these legislations would be enforced at once". After the passage of a legislation in Parliament, it is sent for President of India assent. A law comes into force after notification of rules. Initially, draft rules under a law is notified with a stipulated time period to receive feedback. Thereafter, these rules are finalised and implemented for bringing the law into force. The draft rules of the three codes on industrial relations, social security and occupational safety, health and working conditions are likely to be circulated by the first week of November for feedback. The labour ministry is expected to finalise and implement rules of the three codes along with already firmed wage code rules by December this year. Thereafter, these four codes would become law of land to complete game-changing labour reforms in the country. The government aims to catapult India to among the top 10 countries in World Bank's ease of doing business rankings with the comprehensive labour reforms. As per the 'Doing Business' 2020 report, India had jumped 14 places to the 63rd position in the ease of doing business rankings. India has improved its rank by 79 positions in five years (2014-19). The higher ranking would boost investment and job creation in the country. Commenting on labour reforms K E Raghunathan, Convenor of CIA (Consortium of Indian Association), said, "The COVID-19 situation has made both the life of employer and employee difficult. If the government statistics say over 21 million Job loss during April to August then the figure of employers who lost enterprises is yet to be ascertained. We estimate them to be around 30 per cent of over 65 million enterprises." He further stated, "Under these circumstances, these new (labour) codes are bound to make new enterprises investor friendly, increase ease of doing business and make it attractive to invite foreign entities which want to come out of China."

Government looking to implement all four labour codes in one go by December: Gangwar

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