Observing Good Friday during a global lockdown

A Filipino Catholic playing the role of Jesus Christ during Holy Week rites in the Philippines was crucified for the 33rd and the penultimate time on Good Friday. Ruben Enaje, 58, is known to annually portray Jesus Christ's crucifixion and death on Good Friday in front of crowds of foreign and local tourists in San Pedro Cutud village in Pampanga province, north of Manila since the 1980s.

Filipino Jesus Christ actor gets crucified for 33rd time on Good Friday

<p>Justin Bieber marked his first Thanksgiving as a married man, saying that "love isn't always easy" but adding he was trying, like Jesus Christ, to be more patient and selfless.</p>

<p>The Canadian pop singer, 24, who married model Hailey Baldwin in a hush-hush civil ceremony in September, told his 102 million Instagram followers that Thursday's US&nbsp;Thanksgiving holiday was the first he had hosted.</p>

<p>"First thanksgiving as a married man, first time hosting thanksgiving," Bieber wrote in a posting on Friday (November 23).</p>

<p>"Relationships are hard and love isn't always easy but thank you, Jesus, for showing me how! Every day is a learning process, trying to be more like him, patient, kind, selfless, boy I got a long way! But gods grace is sufficient!" he added.</p>

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<p style=" margin:8px 0 0 0; padding:0 4px;"><a href="https://www.instagram.com/p/BqiC5veHMcq/?utm_source=ig_embed&amp;utm_medium=loading" style=" color:#000; font-family:Arial,sans-serif; font-size:14px; font-style:normal; font-weight:normal; line-height:17px; text-decoration:none; word-wrap:break-word;" target="_blank">Happy late thanksgiving to everyone. First thanksgiving as a married man, first time hosting thanksgiving. First time both sides of the family has come together. Relationships are hard and love isn’t always easy but thank you Jesus for showing me how! Every day is a learning process, trying to be more like him, patient, kind, selfless, boy I got a long way! But gods grace is sufficient !</a></p>

<p style=" color:#c9c8cd; font-family:Arial,sans-serif; font-size:14px; line-height:17px; margin-bottom:0; margin-top:8px; overflow:hidden; padding:8px 0 7px; text-align:center; text-overflow:ellipsis; white-space:nowrap;">A post shared by <a href="https://www.instagram.com/justinbieber/?utm_source=ig_embed&amp;utm_medium=loading" style=" color:#c9c8cd; font-family:Arial,sans-serif; font-size:14px; font-style:normal; font-weight:normal; line-height:17px;" target="_blank"> Justin Bieber</a> (@justinbieber) on <time datetime="2018-11-23T17:54:20+00:00" style=" font-family:Arial,sans-serif; font-size:14px; line-height:17px;">Nov 23, 2018 at 9:54am PST</time></p>
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<p>Bieber and Baldwin both attend the evangelical Hillsong Church, which was founded in Australia in 1983 and now has branches worldwide with a big youth following.</p>

<p>Bieber, who found fame as a baby-faced 15-year-old, and Baldwin first unofficially confirmed their marriage in comments on social media last week when the "Sorry" singer called Baldwin "my wife" and the model changed her Instagram name to Hailey Bieber.</p>

<p>Thursday was also the 22nd birthday of Hailey Bieber, which Bieber's mother Patti Mallette marked with an Instagram Story showing her son singing "Happy Birthday" and presenting his wife with a cake.</p>

<p>"I'm SO #THANKFUL to have you as a daughter!!!" Mallette added on Twitter.</p>


Justin Bieber marked his first Thanksgiving as a married man, saying that "love isn't always easy" but adding he was trying, like Jesus Christ, to be more patient and selfless.

Justin Bieber marked his first Thanksgiving as a married man, saying that "love isn't always easy" but adding he was trying, like Jesus Christ, to be more patient and selfless. The Canadian pop singer, 24, who married model Hailey Baldwin in a hush-hush civil ceremony in September, told his 102 million Instagram followers that Thursday's US Thanksgiving holiday was the first he had hosted. "First thanksgiving as a married man, first time hosting thanksgiving," Bieber wrote in a posting on Friday (November 23). "Relationships are hard and love isn't always easy but thank you, Jesus, for showing me how! Every day is a learning process, trying to be more like him, patient, kind, selfless, boy I got a long way! But gods grace is sufficient!" he added. View this post on Instagram Happy late thanksgiving to everyone. First thanksgiving as a married man, first time hosting thanksgiving. First time both sides of the family has come together. Relationships are hard and love isn’t always easy but thank you Jesus for showing me how! Every day is a learning process, trying to be more like him, patient, kind, selfless, boy I got a long way! But gods grace is sufficient ! A post shared by Justin Bieber (@justinbieber) on Nov 23, 2018 at 9:54am PST × Bieber and Baldwin both attend the evangelical Hillsong Church, which was founded in Australia in 1983 and now has branches worldwide with a big youth following. Bieber, who found fame as a baby-faced 15-year-old, and Baldwin first unofficially confirmed their marriage in comments on social media last week when the "Sorry" singer called Baldwin "my wife" and the model changed her Instagram name to Hailey Bieber. Thursday was also the 22nd birthday of Hailey Bieber, which Bieber's mother Patti Mallette marked with an Instagram Story showing her son singing "Happy Birthday" and presenting his wife with a cake. "I'm SO #THANKFUL to have you as a daughter!!!" Mallette added on Twitter.

'Married man' Justin Bieber says wants to be more like Jesus

<p>Fresh controversy hits Pakistan's Prime Minister Imran Khan after a video clip went viral showing Khan commenting on Jesus Christ' mention in history. As a result, the PTI chief has been facing a flurry of flak from the Twitterati and from political leaders.&nbsp;</p>

<p>In the clip, Khan can be seen saying that while prophet Moses is mentioned in history, Jesus Christ wasn't or had very little historical mention.&nbsp;</p>

<p>According to reports, Khan's statements came during an event on the teachings of Prophet Muhammad.&nbsp;</p>

<p>Ever since the clip went viral on social media, a number of netizens took to Twitter, slamming the Pak PM for what they said was his ignorance. Pakistan's Opposition also joined the bandwagon and criticised Khan for his remarks.&nbsp;&nbsp;</p>

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<p dir="ltr" lang="en">WHAT!?!?<br />
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“Moses got some mention, but Jesus Christ has no mention in history” - Prime Minister Pakistan Imran Khan. <a href="https://t.co/glnwN2qRMc">pic.twitter.com/glnwN2qRMc</a></p>
— Gul Bukhari (@GulBukhari) <a href="https://twitter.com/GulBukhari/status/1064856924074721280?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">November 20, 2018</a></blockquote>
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<p>Meanwhile, Pakistan Prime Minister Imran Khan reached Malaysia on Wednesday on a two-day official visit. He is likely to seek monetary assistance to minimise cash-strapped Pakistan's dependence on an IMF bailout package.&nbsp;</p>

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<p dir="ltr" lang="en">Quran has many references of Hazrat Isa (as) will trolls defend this crazy statement of IK? <a href="https://t.co/uJ3QGVEEGz">https://t.co/uJ3QGVEEGz</a></p>
— Ahsan Iqbal (@betterpakistan) <a href="https://twitter.com/betterpakistan/status/1064879895359221760?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">November 20, 2018</a></blockquote>
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<p>During his <a href="http://www.wionews.com/south-asia/imran-khan-talks-trade-with-malaysian-counterpart-says-pakistan-could-learn-to-tap-tourism-potential-from-malaysia-178581">interaction with the Malaysian Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad</a>, Khan mentioned about long-standing ties between Pakistan and Malaysia adding that he was "pleased with the morning discourse" with PM Mahathir. Khan said that Pakistan can learn how to tap tourism potential from Malaysia.&nbsp;</p>

<p>"We exchanged views about trade, a particular interest for Pakistan is we have this huge untapped tourism potential and Malaysia has developed tourism resorts which we really want to have (in) place in Pakistan because we have tourism sports but we don't have resorts," Imran Khan said.</p>

<p>"Pakistan and Malaysia had a long relationship and mostly there has been a closer relationship and we have also been trading with each other. But we find that we have some internal problems which are similar within Malaysia and Pakistan and I had a four-eyed meeting with the Prime Minister. We discussed these issues and ways and means of tackling them," the Malaysian Prime Minister stated.</p>

<p><br />
&nbsp;</p>


Fresh controversy hits Pakistan's Prime Minister Imran Khan after a video clip went viral showing Khan commenting on Jesus Christ' mention in history. As a result, the PTI chief has been facing a flurry of flak from the Twitterati and from political leaders.

Fresh controversy hits Pakistan's Prime Minister Imran Khan after a video clip went viral showing Khan commenting on Jesus Christ' mention in history. As a result, the PTI chief has been facing a flurry of flak from the Twitterati and from political leaders. In the clip, Khan can be seen saying that while prophet Moses is mentioned in history, Jesus Christ wasn't or had very little historical mention. According to reports, Khan's statements came during an event on the teachings of Prophet Muhammad. Ever since the clip went viral on social media, a number of netizens took to Twitter, slamming the Pak PM for what they said was his ignorance. Pakistan's Opposition also joined the bandwagon and criticised Khan for his remarks. WHAT!?!? “Moses got some mention, but Jesus Christ has no mention in history” - Prime Minister Pakistan Imran Khan. pic.twitter.com/glnwN2qRMc — Gul Bukhari (@GulBukhari) November 20, 2018 × Meanwhile, Pakistan Prime Minister Imran Khan reached Malaysia on Wednesday on a two-day official visit. He is likely to seek monetary assistance to minimise cash-strapped Pakistan's dependence on an IMF bailout package. Quran has many references of Hazrat Isa (as) will trolls defend this crazy statement of IK? https://t.co/uJ3QGVEEGz — Ahsan Iqbal (@betterpakistan) November 20, 2018 × During his interaction with the Malaysian Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad, Khan mentioned about long-standing ties between Pakistan and Malaysia adding that he was "pleased with the morning discourse" with PM Mahathir. Khan said that Pakistan can learn how to tap tourism potential from Malaysia. "We exchanged views about trade, a particular interest for Pakistan is we have this huge untapped tourism potential and Malaysia has developed tourism resorts which we really want to have (in) place in Pakistan because we have tourism sports but we don't have resorts," Imran Khan said. "Pakistan and Malaysia had a long relationship and mostly there has been a closer relationship and we have also been trading with each other. But we find that we have some internal problems which are similar within Malaysia and Pakistan and I had a four-eyed meeting with the Prime Minister. We discussed these issues and ways and means of tackling them," the Malaysian Prime Minister stated.

Imran Khan says no mention of Jesus Christ in history, gets slammed

<p><a href="http://www.wionews.com/world/h-1b-application-process-to-begin-tomorrow-us-to-reject-multiple-filings-for-similar-visa-seeker-127676">H-1B application process to begin tomorrow </a><a href="http://www.wionews.com/world/h-1b-application-process-to-begin-tomorrow-us-to-reject-multiple-filings-for-similar-visa-seeker-127676">US</a><a href="http://www.wionews.com/world/h-1b-application-process-to-begin-tomorrow-us-to-reject-multiple-filings-for-similar-visa-seeker-127676"> to reject multiple filings for similar visa-seeker</a></p>

<p>The process of filing petitions for H-1B, considered as the most sought-after work visa among highly skilled Indian professionals, begins tomorrow amidst unprecedented scrutiny by the Trump Administration.</p>

<p><a href="http://www.wionews.com/india-news/isro-says-it-has-lost-contact-with-its-communications-satellite-gsat-6a-127601">ISRO says it has lost contact with its communications satellite GSAT-6A</a></p>

<p>ISRO has said that it has lost communictions links with its GSAT-6A satellite.&nbsp</p>

<p>The GSAT-6A had been launched on board the Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV) on Thursday.&nbsp</p>

<p><a href="http://www.wionews.com/world/israel-rejects-calls-for-independent-probe-of-gaza-violence-127662">Israel rejects calls for independent probe of Gaza violence</a></p>

<p>Israel rejected calls for an independent probe on Sunday after its soldiers killed 16 Palestinians and wounded hundreds more when a major demonstration led to clashes along the border with the Gaza Strip.</p>

<p><a href="http://www.wionews.com/photos/people-around-the-world-celebrate-holy-festival-of-easter-127653#photo-127631">People around the world celebrate holy festival of Easter</a></p>

<p>Christians in different parts of the world gathered together on Sunday as they attended the holy mass on Easter, the day of resurrection of Jesus Christ. Easter festival begins on Good Friday and culminates when Christians believe Jesus rose from the dead, three days after being crucified. During the holy week, devotees observe a 40-day fasting ritual where they avoid having meat and alcohol.</p>

<p><a href="http://www.wionews.com/world/venezuela-arrests-five-police-officials-over-deadly-jail-disaster-127620">Venezuela arrests five police officials over deadly jail disaster</a></p>

<p>Venezuela arrested five state police officials for their alleged role in a riot and fire that killed 68 people in an overcrowded police station cell, the country's public prosecutor said on Saturday.</p>


H-1B application process to begin tomorrow US to reject multiple filings for similar visa-seeker The process of filing petitions for H-1B, considered as the most sought-after work visa among highly skilled Indian professionals, begins tomorrow amidst unprecedented scrutiny by the Trump Administration. ISRO says it has lost contact with its communications satellite GSAT-6A ISRO has said that it has lost communictions links with its GSAT-6A satellite. The GSAT-6A had been launched on board the Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV) on Thursday. Israel rejects calls for independent probe of Gaza violence Israel rejected calls for an independent probe on Sunday after its soldiers killed 16 Palestinians and wounded hundreds more when a major demonstration led to clashes along the border with the Gaza Strip. People around the world celebrate holy festival of Easter Christians in different parts of the world gathered together on Sunday as they attended the holy mass on Easter, the day of resurrection of Jesus Christ. Easter festival begins on Good Friday and culminates when Christians believe Jesus rose from the dead, three days after being crucified. During the holy week, devotees observe a 40-day fasting ritual where they avoid having meat and alcohol. Venezuela arrests five police officials over deadly jail disaster Venezuela arrested five state police officials for their alleged role in a riot and fire that killed 68 people in an overcrowded police station cell, the country's public prosecutor said on Saturday.

WION evening news brief, April 1, 2018

<p>A letter written by Mahatma Gandhi, in which he discusses the nature of existence of Jesus Christ, is up for sale and could be purchased for US $50,000.</p>

<p>The letter dated April 6, 1926, is written by Gandhi from his Sabarmati Ashram in India.</p>

<p>Typed in faint ink and with a bold, unaffected signature, the letter was part of a private collection for the past several decades and is now being sold by the Pennsylvania-based Raab Collection.</p>

<p>&quot;Jesus was one of the great teachers of mankind,&quot; Gandhi wrote in the letter to Christian religious elder in the United States, Milton Newberry Frantz.</p>

<p>Nathan Raab, principal at the Raab Collection, described the letter as the embodiment of Gandhi&#39;s vision for a world of religions at peace. &quot;His belief in Jesus as a teacher of mankind shows his efforts to find commonality with his fellow man,&quot; he said.</p>

<p>&quot;This is one of the finest letters on religion that Gandhi ever wrote,&quot; the Raab Collection said in a press statement.</p>

<p>&quot;Our research discloses no other letter of Gandhi mentioning Jesus to have ever reached the public market,&quot; the historical-document dealer said.</p>

<p>The Raab Collection said it located no record of any letter of Gandhi on Jesus to have reached the public market. Gandhi also discusses his hope for peace among religions worldwide, it added.</p>

<p>&quot;Dear Friend, I have your letter. I am afraid it is not possible for me to subscribe to the creed you have sent me. The subscriber is made to believe that the highest manifestation of the unseen reality was Jesus Christ. In spite of all my efforts, I have not been able to feel the truth of that statement,&quot; Gandhi wrote in the letter.</p>

<p>&quot;I have not been able to move beyond the belief that Jesus was one of the great teachers of mankind. Do you not think that religious unity is to be had not by a mechanical subscription to a common creed but by all respecting the creed of each?&quot; he asked.</p>

<p>&quot;In my opinion, difference in creed there must be so long as there are different brains. But who does it matter if all these are hung upon the common thread of love and mutual esteem?&quot; Gandhi wrote in the letter, which is now up for grabs beginning US $50,000.</p>


Typed in faint ink and with a bold, unaffected signature, the letter was part of a private collection for the past several decades and is now being sold by the Pennsylvania-based Raab Collection.

A letter written by Mahatma Gandhi, in which he discusses the nature of existence of Jesus Christ, is up for sale and could be purchased for US $50,000. The letter dated April 6, 1926, is written by Gandhi from his Sabarmati Ashram in India. Typed in faint ink and with a bold, unaffected signature, the letter was part of a private collection for the past several decades and is now being sold by the Pennsylvania-based Raab Collection. "Jesus was one of the great teachers of mankind," Gandhi wrote in the letter to Christian religious elder in the United States, Milton Newberry Frantz. Nathan Raab, principal at the Raab Collection, described the letter as the embodiment of Gandhi's vision for a world of religions at peace. "His belief in Jesus as a teacher of mankind shows his efforts to find commonality with his fellow man," he said. "This is one of the finest letters on religion that Gandhi ever wrote," the Raab Collection said in a press statement. "Our research discloses no other letter of Gandhi mentioning Jesus to have ever reached the public market," the historical-document dealer said. The Raab Collection said it located no record of any letter of Gandhi on Jesus to have reached the public market. Gandhi also discusses his hope for peace among religions worldwide, it added. "Dear Friend, I have your letter. I am afraid it is not possible for me to subscribe to the creed you have sent me. The subscriber is made to believe that the highest manifestation of the unseen reality was Jesus Christ. In spite of all my efforts, I have not been able to feel the truth of that statement," Gandhi wrote in the letter. "I have not been able to move beyond the belief that Jesus was one of the great teachers of mankind. Do you not think that religious unity is to be had not by a mechanical subscription to a common creed but by all respecting the creed of each?" he asked. "In my opinion, difference in creed there must be so long as there are different brains. But who does it matter if all these are hung upon the common thread of love and mutual esteem?" Gandhi wrote in the letter, which is now up for grabs beginning US $50,000.

Mahatma Gandhi's original letter on Jesus Christ up for sale

<p>Over the past few decades, the question of what Jesus looked like has cropped up again and again. Much has been made of a digital reconstruction of a Judaean man created for a BBC documentary, Son of God, in 2001. This was based on an ancient skull and, using the latest technology (as it was), shows the head of a stocky fellow with a somewhat worried expression.</p>

<p>Rightly, the skin tone is olive, and the hair and beard black and shortish, but the nose, lips, neck, eyes, eyelids, eyebrows, fat cover and expression are all totally conjectural. Putting flesh on ancient skulls is not an exact science, because the soft tissue and cartilage are unknown.</p>

<p>Nevertheless, for me as a historian, trying to visualise Jesus accurately is a way to understand Jesus more accurately, too.</p>

<p>The Jesus we&rsquo;ve inherited from centuries of Christian art is not accurate, but it is a powerful brand. A man with long hair parted in the middle and a long beard &ndash; often with fair skin, light brown hair and blue eyes &ndash; has become the widely accepted likeness. We imagine Jesus in long robes with baggy sleeves, as he is most often depicted in artworks over the centuries. In contemporary films, from Zefirelli&rsquo;s Jesus of Nazareth (1977) onwards, this styling prevails, even when Jesus&rsquo; clothing is considered poorly made.</p>

<figure><iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="260" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/-Hsl5UG9O_c?wmode=transparent&amp;start=0" width="440"></iframe></figure>

<p>There were many reasons why Jesus was portrayed in what has become the worldwide standard, and none of them were to do with preserving historical accuracy. I explore these in my new book <a href="https://www.bloomsbury.com/uk/what-did-jesus-look-like-9780567671509/">What did Jesus look like?</a>, but ultimately I look to clues in early texts and archaeology for the real Jesus.</p>

<figure class="align-right "><img alt="" src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/204903/original/file-20180205-14104-1d92he8.JPG?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=237&amp;fit=clip" />
<figcaption><span class="caption">Some depictions of Jesus over the ages.</span> <span class="attribution"><a class="source" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:CompositeJesus.JPG#/media/File:CompositeJesus.JPG">Wikimedia Commons</a></span></figcaption>
</figure>

<p>&nbsp;</p>

<p>For me, Jesus&rsquo; appearance is not all about flesh and bones. After all, our bodies are not just bodies. As the sociologist Chris Shilling <a href="https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=w9zWAgAAQBAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;source=gbs_ge_summary_r&amp;cad=0#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false">argues</a>, they are &ldquo;both personal resources and social symbols that &lsquo;give off&rsquo; messages about identity&rdquo;. We can be old, young, tall, short, weighty, thin, dark-skinned, light-skinned, frizzy-haired, straight-haired, and so on, but our appearance does not begin and end with our physical bodies. In a crowd, we may look for a friend&rsquo;s scarf rather than their hair or nose. What we do with our bodies creates an appearance.</p>

<p>And so Jesus&rsquo; appearance would have had much to do with what he was wearing. Once we&rsquo;ve got the palette for his colouring right, given he was a Jewish man of the Middle East, how do we dress him? How did he seem to people of the time?</p>

<p><strong>Dressed in basics</strong></p>

<p>There is no neat physical description of Jesus in the Gospels or in ancient Christian literature. But there are incidental details. From the Bible (for example, Mark 6:56) you can discover that he wore a mantle &ndash; a large shawl (&ldquo;himation&rdquo; in Greek) &ndash; which had tassels, described as &ldquo;edges&rdquo;; a distinctively Jewish tallith in a form it was in antiquity. Usually made of wool, a mantle could be large or small, thick or fine, coloured or natural, but for men there was a preference for undyed types.</p>

<p>He walked in sandals, as implied in multiple Biblical passages (see Matthew 3:11; Mark 1:7, 6:9; John 1:27), and we now know what ancient Judaean sandals were like as they have been preserved in dry caves by the Dead Sea.</p>

<figure class="align-center zoomable"><a href="https://images.theconversation.com/files/204905/original/file-20180205-14083-k1msxh.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=1000&amp;fit=clip"><img alt="" src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/204905/original/file-20180205-14083-k1msxh.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;fit=clip" /></a>

<figcaption><span class="caption">Jesus&rsquo; garb would have been a far cry from the depiction in da Vinci&rsquo;s The Last Supper.</span> <span class="attribution"><a class="source" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Last_Supper#/media/File:%C3%9Altima_Cena_-_Da_Vinci_5.jpg">Wikimedia Commons</a></span></figcaption>
</figure>

<p>&nbsp;</p>

<p>He wore a tunic (chitōn), which for men normally finished slightly below the knees, not at the ankles. Among men, only the very rich wore long tunics. Indeed, Jesus specifically identifies men who dress in long tunics (&ldquo;stolai&rdquo;, Mark 12:38) as wrongly receiving honour from people who are impressed by their fine attire, when in fact they unjustly devour widows&rsquo; houses.</p>

<p>Jesus&rsquo;s tunic was also made of one piece of cloth only (John 19:23-24). That&rsquo;s strange, because mostly tunics were made of two pieces sewn at the shoulders and sides. One-piece tunics in first-century Judaea were normally thin undergarments or children&rsquo;s wear. We shouldn&rsquo;t think of contemporary underwear, but wearing a one-piece on its own was probably not good form. It was extremely basic.</p>

<p><strong>&lsquo;Shamefully&rsquo; shabby?</strong></p>

<p>Perhaps it is unsurprising, then, that Jesus was remembered as looking shabby by a scholar named Celsus, writing in the mid second century, in a treatise against the Christians. Celsus did his homework. He interviewed people, and he &ndash; like us &ndash; was quite interested in what Jesus looked like. From Jews and others he questioned, he heard that Jesus &ldquo;wandered about most shamefully in the sight of all&rdquo;. He &ldquo;obtained his means of livelihood in a disgraceful and importunate way&rdquo; &ndash; by begging or receiving donations.</p>

<p>&nbsp;</p>

<figure class="align-center "><img alt="" src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/204866/original/file-20180205-19937-1kc98g3.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;fit=clip" />
<figcaption><span class="caption">How Jesus may have dressed.</span> <span class="attribution"><span class="source">&copy;&nbsp;Joan Taylor</span>, <span class="license">Author provided</span></span></figcaption>
</figure>

<p>&nbsp;</p>

<p>From the perspective of respectable people, we can surmise then that Jesus looked relatively rough. When the Christian writer Origen argued against Celsus, he rejected many of his assertions, but he did not dispute this.</p>

<p>And so while Jesus wore similar clothes to other Jewish men in many respects, his &ldquo;look&rdquo; was scruffy. I doubt his hair was particularly long as depicted in most artwork, given male norms of the time, but it was surely not well-tended. Wearing a basic tunic that other people wore as an undergarment would fit with Jesus&rsquo; detachment regarding material things (Matthew 6:19-21, 28&ndash;29; Luke 6:34-35, 12:22-28) and concern for the poor (Luke 6:20-23).</p>

<p>This, to me, is the beginning of a different way of seeing Jesus, and one very relevant for our times of massive inequality between rich and poor, as in the Roman Empire. Jesus aligned himself with the poor and this would have been obvious from how he looked.</p>

<p>The appearance of Jesus matters because it cuts to the heart of his message. However he is depicted in film and art today, he needs to be shown as one of the have-nots; his teaching can only be truly understood from this perspective.</p>

<p>&nbsp;</p>

<p>This article was originally published on <a href="http://theconversation.com" rel="nofollow" target="blank">The Conversation</a>. Read the <a href="https://theconversation.com/what-did-jesus-wear-90783" rel="nofollow" target="blank">original article</a>.</p>


Jesus needs to be shown as one of the have-nots; his teaching can only be truly understood from this perspective.

Over the past few decades, the question of what Jesus looked like has cropped up again and again. Much has been made of a digital reconstruction of a Judaean man created for a BBC documentary, Son of God, in 2001. This was based on an ancient skull and, using the latest technology (as it was), shows the head of a stocky fellow with a somewhat worried expression. Rightly, the skin tone is olive, and the hair and beard black and shortish, but the nose, lips, neck, eyes, eyelids, eyebrows, fat cover and expression are all totally conjectural. Putting flesh on ancient skulls is not an exact science, because the soft tissue and cartilage are unknown. Nevertheless, for me as a historian, trying to visualise Jesus accurately is a way to understand Jesus more accurately, too. The Jesus we’ve inherited from centuries of Christian art is not accurate, but it is a powerful brand. A man with long hair parted in the middle and a long beard – often with fair skin, light brown hair and blue eyes – has become the widely accepted likeness. We imagine Jesus in long robes with baggy sleeves, as he is most often depicted in artworks over the centuries. In contemporary films, from Zefirelli’s Jesus of Nazareth (1977) onwards, this styling prevails, even when Jesus’ clothing is considered poorly made. There were many reasons why Jesus was portrayed in what has become the worldwide standard, and none of them were to do with preserving historical accuracy. I explore these in my new book What did Jesus look like?, but ultimately I look to clues in early texts and archaeology for the real Jesus. Some depictions of Jesus over the ages. Wikimedia Commons For me, Jesus’ appearance is not all about flesh and bones. After all, our bodies are not just bodies. As the sociologist Chris Shilling argues, they are “both personal resources and social symbols that ‘give off’ messages about identity”. We can be old, young, tall, short, weighty, thin, dark-skinned, light-skinned, frizzy-haired, straight-haired, and so on, but our appearance does not begin and end with our physical bodies. In a crowd, we may look for a friend’s scarf rather than their hair or nose. What we do with our bodies creates an appearance. And so Jesus’ appearance would have had much to do with what he was wearing. Once we’ve got the palette for his colouring right, given he was a Jewish man of the Middle East, how do we dress him? How did he seem to people of the time? Dressed in basics There is no neat physical description of Jesus in the Gospels or in ancient Christian literature. But there are incidental details. From the Bible (for example, Mark 6:56) you can discover that he wore a mantle – a large shawl (“himation” in Greek) – which had tassels, described as “edges”; a distinctively Jewish tallith in a form it was in antiquity. Usually made of wool, a mantle could be large or small, thick or fine, coloured or natural, but for men there was a preference for undyed types. He walked in sandals, as implied in multiple Biblical passages (see Matthew 3:11; Mark 1:7, 6:9; John 1:27), and we now know what ancient Judaean sandals were like as they have been preserved in dry caves by the Dead Sea. Jesus’ garb would have been a far cry from the depiction in da Vinci’s The Last Supper. Wikimedia Commons He wore a tunic (chitōn), which for men normally finished slightly below the knees, not at the ankles. Among men, only the very rich wore long tunics. Indeed, Jesus specifically identifies men who dress in long tunics (“stolai”, Mark 12:38) as wrongly receiving honour from people who are impressed by their fine attire, when in fact they unjustly devour widows’ houses. Jesus’s tunic was also made of one piece of cloth only (John 19:23-24). That’s strange, because mostly tunics were made of two pieces sewn at the shoulders and sides. One-piece tunics in first-century Judaea were normally thin undergarments or children’s wear. We shouldn’t think of contemporary underwear, but wearing a one-piece on its own was probably not good form. It was extremely basic. ‘Shamefully’ shabby? Perhaps it is unsurprising, then, that Jesus was remembered as looking shabby by a scholar named Celsus, writing in the mid second century, in a treatise against the Christians. Celsus did his homework. He interviewed people, and he – like us – was quite interested in what Jesus looked like. From Jews and others he questioned, he heard that Jesus “wandered about most shamefully in the sight of all”. He “obtained his means of livelihood in a disgraceful and importunate way” – by begging or receiving donations. How Jesus may have dressed. © Joan Taylor, Author provided From the perspective of respectable people, we can surmise then that Jesus looked relatively rough. When the Christian writer Origen argued against Celsus, he rejected many of his assertions, but he did not dispute this. And so while Jesus wore similar clothes to other Jewish men in many respects, his “look” was scruffy. I doubt his hair was particularly long as depicted in most artwork, given male norms of the time, but it was surely not well-tended. Wearing a basic tunic that other people wore as an undergarment would fit with Jesus’ detachment regarding material things (Matthew 6:19-21, 28–29; Luke 6:34-35, 12:22-28) and concern for the poor (Luke 6:20-23). This, to me, is the beginning of a different way of seeing Jesus, and one very relevant for our times of massive inequality between rich and poor, as in the Roman Empire. Jesus aligned himself with the poor and this would have been obvious from how he looked. The appearance of Jesus matters because it cuts to the heart of his message. However he is depicted in film and art today, he needs to be shown as one of the have-nots; his teaching can only be truly understood from this perspective. This article was originally published on The Conversation. Read the original article.

Opinion: Why Jesus is always shown as shabbily dressed

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