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Researchers on Sunday (June 2) presented the promising phase 2 trial results from an ongoing study of a new male hormonal contraceptive gel at ENDO 2024, the Endocrine Society’s annual conference in Boston.

The male contraceptive gel combining two hormones, segesterone acetate (named Nestorone) and testosterone, suppresses sperm production faster than similar experimental hormone-based methods for male birth control, the ongoing multicenter phase 2b clinical trial found.&nbsp;

The study, funded by NIH’s Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, involved 222 men, aged 18 to 50, who applied 5 ml of the gel (about a teaspoon) to each of their shoulder blades once per day.

“The development of a safe, highly effective and reliably reversible contraceptive method for men is an unmet need,” said senior researcher Diana Blithe, chief of the Contraceptive Development Program at the National Institutes of Health (NIH).

“While studies have shown that some hormonal agents may be effective for male contraception, the slow onset of spermatogenic suppression is a limitation,”&nbsp;Blithe added.&nbsp;

Initial findings of the trial on the new birth control gel have shown that the contraceptive worked faster than expected, according to Blithe.

Also read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/astronauts-beware-sandblasts-on-the-moon-may-shred-you-in-pieces-728345">Astronauts beware! Sandblasts on the moon may shred you to pieces</a>

Early in the study, the researchers measured for suppression of sperm production by obtaining sperm count tests at 4-week intervals, which is a good predictor of fertility. If the sperm counts remain low, the chances of pregnancy are considered slim.

The second part of the two-part trial is still underway.&nbsp;

<h2>Key findings of the trial</h2>

After 12 weeks of applying the gel every day, 86% of trial participants achieved effective sperm suppression, implying they had only up to 1 million sperms per ml&nbsp;of semen, the amount deemed effective for contraception by researchers.&nbsp;

In comparison, normal sperm counts without contraception can range from 15 million to 200 million per millilitre.

Among the participants, the timing for effective contraception was eight weeks on average.&nbsp;

Whereas prior studies of male hormonal contraceptives given by injections showed a median time between 9 and 15 weeks for sperm output to become suppressed, Blithe stated.&nbsp;

According to her, the faster-than-expected timing to suppress sperm count is an encouraging sign, especially since past attempts have taken longer to reach these sperm levels.

Prior efforts using testosterone alone had a higher median time and required higher doses of the hormone, which can cause side effects. Because the gel includes both testosterone and Nestorone, so it acts more quickly and requires less testosterone, she said.&nbsp;

In the daily segesterone-testosterone gel regimen, blood levels of testosterone are kept in the physiologic range to maintain normal sexual function and other androgen-dependent activities.

The sperm suppression stage of the international phase 2b trial of segesterone-testosterone gel is complete. The study continues to test the contraceptive’s effectiveness, safety, acceptability and reversibility of contraception after treatment stops.

Even after decades of early-stage attempts and failures, there are no federally approved male birth control drugs. In fact, only a handful have advanced into human trials.

Researchers blame the lack of enough funding or financial investment to complete expensive advanced human trials for the dearth of male hormonal contraceptives. 
 
(With inputs from agencies)

Researchers on Sunday (June 2) presented the promising phase 2 trial results from an ongoing study of a new male hormonal contraceptive gel at ENDO 2024, the Endocrine Society’s annual conference in Boston.

Researchers on Sunday (June 2) presented the promising phase 2 trial results from an ongoing study of a new male hormonal contraceptive gel at ENDO 2024, the Endocrine Society’s annual conference in Boston. The male contraceptive gel combining two hormones, segesterone acetate (named Nestorone) and testosterone, suppresses sperm production faster than similar experimental hormone-based methods for male birth control, the ongoing multicenter phase 2b clinical trial found. The study, funded by NIH’s Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, involved 222 men, aged 18 to 50, who applied 5 ml of the gel (about a teaspoon) to each of their shoulder blades once per day. “The development of a safe, highly effective and reliably reversible contraceptive method for men is an unmet need,” said senior researcher Diana Blithe, chief of the Contraceptive Development Program at the National Institutes of Health (NIH). “While studies have shown that some hormonal agents may be effective for male contraception, the slow onset of spermatogenic suppression is a limitation,” Blithe added. Initial findings of the trial on the new birth control gel have shown that the contraceptive worked faster than expected, according to Blithe. Also read: Astronauts beware! Sandblasts on the moon may shred you to pieces Early in the study, the researchers measured for suppression of sperm production by obtaining sperm count tests at 4-week intervals, which is a good predictor of fertility. If the sperm counts remain low, the chances of pregnancy are considered slim. The second part of the two-part trial is still underway. Key findings of the trial After 12 weeks of applying the gel every day, 86% of trial participants achieved effective sperm suppression, implying they had only up to 1 million sperms per ml of semen, the amount deemed effective for contraception by researchers. In comparison, normal sperm counts without contraception can range from 15 million to 200 million per millilitre. Among the participants, the timing for effective contraception was eight weeks on average. Whereas prior studies of male hormonal contraceptives given by injections showed a median time between 9 and 15 weeks for sperm output to become suppressed, Blithe stated. According to her, the faster-than-expected timing to suppress sperm count is an encouraging sign, especially since past attempts have taken longer to reach these sperm levels. Prior efforts using testosterone alone had a higher median time and required higher doses of the hormone, which can cause side effects. Because the gel includes both testosterone and Nestorone, so it acts more quickly and requires less testosterone, she said. In the daily segesterone-testosterone gel regimen, blood levels of testosterone are kept in the physiologic range to maintain normal sexual function and other androgen-dependent activities. The sperm suppression stage of the international phase 2b trial of segesterone-testosterone gel is complete. The study continues to test the contraceptive’s effectiveness, safety, acceptability and reversibility of contraception after treatment stops. Even after decades of early-stage attempts and failures, there are no federally approved male birth control drugs. In fact, only a handful have advanced into human trials. Researchers blame the lack of enough funding or financial investment to complete expensive advanced human trials for the dearth of male hormonal contraceptives. (With inputs from agencies)

Study finds new male birth control gel safe and effective; reveal promising trial results

As NASA prepares for a new cosmic journey to the moon which will be launched for the first time in more than 50 years, a new theory emerged that the astronauts might be facing the threat of sandblasts.

As NASA prepares for a new cosmic journey to the moon which will be launched for the first time in more than 50 years, a new theory emerged that the astronauts might be facing the threat of sandblasts. While speaking to the Scientific American, University of Central Florida physicist Phil Metzger said that the latest findings regarding the potential pitfalls of mega-toxic and rapidly moving lunar dust— known as "sandblasts" — meant that astronauts may have required better safety standards for survival. Also Read: Scientists to install nuclear-powered UFO detectors in space to lure aliens to Earth, claims expert The researchers have already known that the equipment could be harmed by rocket sandblasts and lead to substantial erosion. However, while studying how they occurred, they figured out what are the best practices for the equipment and astronaut. The new theory also raised questions regarding whether current protections are even adequate for surviving the blast impact. What are the best ways to stay safe from sandblasts? In a NASA policy, Metzger co-wrote that small lunar landers should not touch down within nearly 1.2 miles of the Apollo landing sites to protect the place from the sandblasts of the crafts. According to a report published in Scientific American, the length cutoff was apparently arbitrary and was decided on the basis of what can be seen by a six-foot-tall person when looking out over the Moon's horizon. Watch: Robot astronaut heading to Chinese space station There were also theories regarding the danger of rocket sandblasts, however to Metzger, the numbers did not appear to be fitting. As per the latest theory, which was published in the journal Icarus, Metzger said that instead of eroding the lunar surface and stirring up dust, the rocket's massive speed leads to the creation of kinetic force which kicks dust-up in a way which is more complicated than earlier believed. According to the theory, the tiny accelerated rocks which are present in Moondust are likely to be moving at speeds which are four to ten times faster than what was earlier believed by the scientists. This further meant that the spacecraft and spacesuits needed to have extra reinforcements. "The amount of damage [lunar dust] might cause to a spacecraft," warned Metzger, adding, "could be an order of magnitude worse than we believed." (With inputs from agencies)

Astronauts beware! Sandblasts on the moon may shred you to pieces

Astrophotographer Andrew McCarthy, who was observing sunspot AR3697 which appeared over the southeastern limb of the sun, captured its incredible footage from his backyard in Arizona.&nbsp;

In the footage, the astrophotographer captured the sunspot region's turbulent nature in great detail.&nbsp;

"Unlike most celestial objects, the sun looks quite different from day to day, and is filled with exciting events like flares or coronal mass ejections. There's always something interesting to look at!," said McCarthy, while speaking to Space.com.

The&nbsp;sunspot&nbsp;region, which was formerly called AR3664, attracted the attention of the media and skywatchers in recent weeks after it released a flurry of&nbsp;coronal mass ejections&nbsp;CMEs, which were expulsions of plasma and magnetic field, towards the Earth.&nbsp;

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My 3rd consecutive day watching this now-famous sunspot as it swings back to be Earth facing. This is a timelapse video I recorded over a period of roughly 90 minutes- you can watch how the sped-up plasma dances like flames…. Except the “flames” are larger than Earth. <a href="https://t.co/1J2XL9zY6q">pic.twitter.com/1J2XL9zY6q</a>
— Andrew McCarthy (@AJamesMcCarthy) <a href="https://twitter.com/AJamesMcCarthy/status/1795861169288151191?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">May 29, 2024</a></blockquote>
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When the magnetosphere of our planet was struck by these CMEs, it triggered a Category 5 geomagnetic storm which led to&nbsp;auroras&nbsp;far beyond their normal ranges.&nbsp;

Since the sunspot region turned to face&nbsp;Earth, its return with daily timelapse was documented by McCarthy.

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WOW! This is the same active region that caused those aurora a few weeks ago. It’s finished rotating around the back of the sun and ready to cause some havoc again! 
 
This is the aftermath of yesterday’s X class flare. <a href="https://t.co/34auBgJyeI">pic.twitter.com/34auBgJyeI</a>
— Andrew McCarthy (@AJamesMcCarthy) <a href="https://twitter.com/AJamesMcCarthy/status/1795481953422237763?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">May 28, 2024</a></blockquote>
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"This sunspot has a history of being highly active, and produced a number of flares and CMEs which are exciting to capture and track," said McCarthy.

<h2>How did the astrophotographer record the sunspot?</h2>

The sunspot region was first documented by McCarthy shortly after it released a&nbsp;colossal X-class solar flare and captured the aftermath of the flare in remarkable detail.&nbsp;

"WOW! This is the same active region that caused those aurora a few weeks ago. It’s finished rotating around the back of the sun and ready to cause some havoc again!" wrote McCarthy, in a&nbsp;post on X.

On the third day of observing the historic sunspot as it started its journey back around to face the Earth, the plasma loops, which were recorded by McCarthy, appeared to "dance" across the sun's surface.

"This is a timelapse video I recorded over a period of roughly 90 minutes- you can watch how the sped-up plasma dances like flames…. Except the "flames" are larger than Earth," wrote McCarthy, on X.&nbsp;

On May 29, McCarthy explained the huge amount of work that goes on behind the scenes.&nbsp;

"This is what it looks like when I manually align each tile of a solar mosaic. I do it manually because I get an intimate look at each panel- so I know if I need to go back and restack it," wrote McCarthy on X.&nbsp;

(With inputs from agencies)

Astrophotographer Andrew McCarthy, who was observing sunspot AR3697 which appeared over the southeastern limb of the sun, captured its incredible footage from his backyard in Arizona.

Astrophotographer Andrew McCarthy, who was observing sunspot AR3697 which appeared over the southeastern limb of the sun, captured its incredible footage from his backyard in Arizona. In the footage, the astrophotographer captured the sunspot region's turbulent nature in great detail. "Unlike most celestial objects, the sun looks quite different from day to day, and is filled with exciting events like flares or coronal mass ejections. There's always something interesting to look at!," said McCarthy, while speaking to Space.com. The sunspot region, which was formerly called AR3664, attracted the attention of the media and skywatchers in recent weeks after it released a flurry of coronal mass ejections CMEs, which were expulsions of plasma and magnetic field, towards the Earth. My 3rd consecutive day watching this now-famous sunspot as it swings back to be Earth facing. This is a timelapse video I recorded over a period of roughly 90 minutes- you can watch how the sped-up plasma dances like flames…. Except the “flames” are larger than Earth. pic.twitter.com/1J2XL9zY6q — Andrew McCarthy (@AJamesMcCarthy) May 29, 2024 × When the magnetosphere of our planet was struck by these CMEs, it triggered a Category 5 geomagnetic storm which led to auroras far beyond their normal ranges. Since the sunspot region turned to face Earth, its return with daily timelapse was documented by McCarthy. WOW! This is the same active region that caused those aurora a few weeks ago. It’s finished rotating around the back of the sun and ready to cause some havoc again! This is the aftermath of yesterday’s X class flare. pic.twitter.com/34auBgJyeI — Andrew McCarthy (@AJamesMcCarthy) May 28, 2024 × "This sunspot has a history of being highly active, and produced a number of flares and CMEs which are exciting to capture and track," said McCarthy. How did the astrophotographer record the sunspot? The sunspot region was first documented by McCarthy shortly after it released a colossal X-class solar flare and captured the aftermath of the flare in remarkable detail. "WOW! This is the same active region that caused those aurora a few weeks ago. It’s finished rotating around the back of the sun and ready to cause some havoc again!" wrote McCarthy, in a post on X. On the third day of observing the historic sunspot as it started its journey back around to face the Earth, the plasma loops, which were recorded by McCarthy, appeared to "dance" across the sun's surface. "This is a timelapse video I recorded over a period of roughly 90 minutes- you can watch how the sped-up plasma dances like flames…. Except the "flames" are larger than Earth," wrote McCarthy, on X. On May 29, McCarthy explained the huge amount of work that goes on behind the scenes. "This is what it looks like when I manually align each tile of a solar mosaic. I do it manually because I get an intimate look at each panel- so I know if I need to go back and restack it," wrote McCarthy on X. (With inputs from agencies)

Astrophotographer captures ‘dance of plasma’ in close-up shot of gigantic sunspot

Mars is believed to be more prone to devastation from asteroids than what was believed earlier. Studies suggest that this may pose a risk to future Mars missions that have been planned to investigate whether Mars can be an alternative for human inhabitation.

<h2>What is the risk posed by asteroids?</h2>

Asteroids are small rocky objects that orbit the sun and pose a threat to the planets in the solar system. Back in 2013, the Chelyabinsk meteor caused devastation on Earth by injuring over 1,000 people and causing more than $33 million&nbsp;worth of infrastructure damage.

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/blue-eyed-individuals-share-common-ancestor-claims-genetic-research-728055">Blue-eyed individuals share common ancestor, claims genetic research</a>

Since Mars is located directly adjacent to the main belt, which is a region of rocky debris between Mars and Jupiter's orbits without any planets, it is more at risk of devastation from asteroids.

<h2>What do studies suggest?</h2>

A doctoral student in astronomy at Nanjing University China, Yufan Fane Zhou has taken the daunting task of analysing the asteroids that have the potential to cause damage to Mars. He has given them the name CAPHAs, which is short for close approach potentially hazardous asteroids.

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Study co-author &nbsp;Zhou said, as per LiveScience, "As human visits to Mars become more frequent, the threat posed by Mars-CAPHAs may increasingly be taken seriously." On the contrary, he believes that these asteroids can further help understand the&nbsp;environment on Mars in greater detail and aid astronomers in understanding the history of the planet.

<h2>Is Mars at a greater risk of devastation from asteroids than Earth?</h2>

Studying the impact of CAPHAs on Mars was a mammoth exercise for Zhou and his team. They created a simulation along with all eight planets of the solar system and asteroids for the same.

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/blood-test-predicts-breast-cancer-recurrence-years-in-advance-728065">Blood test predicts breast cancer recurrence years in advance</a>

The main belt is where all of these asteroids were first formed. The scientists then classified around 10,000 asteroids as "near-gap" by examining each asteroid's distance from six known gaps, which were asteroid-poor areas within the main belt where runaway rocks could potentially slip out.

It was deduced that roughly 52 asteroids wander close to Mars every Earth year, which is approximately 2.6 times more than the asteroids that approach Earth every year.&nbsp;

(With inputs from agencies)&nbsp;

Mars is believed to be more prone to devastation from asteroids than what was believed earlier. Studies suggest that this may pose a risk to future Mars missions that have been planned to investigate whether Mars can be an alternative for human inhabitation.

Mars is believed to be more prone to devastation from asteroids than what was believed earlier. Studies suggest that this may pose a risk to future Mars missions that have been planned to investigate whether Mars can be an alternative for human inhabitation. What is the risk posed by asteroids? Asteroids are small rocky objects that orbit the sun and pose a threat to the planets in the solar system. Back in 2013, the Chelyabinsk meteor caused devastation on Earth by injuring over 1,000 people and causing more than $33 million worth of infrastructure damage. Also read | Blue-eyed individuals share common ancestor, claims genetic research Since Mars is located directly adjacent to the main belt, which is a region of rocky debris between Mars and Jupiter's orbits without any planets, it is more at risk of devastation from asteroids. What do studies suggest? A doctoral student in astronomy at Nanjing University China, Yufan Fane Zhou has taken the daunting task of analysing the asteroids that have the potential to cause damage to Mars. He has given them the name CAPHAs, which is short for close approach potentially hazardous asteroids. Watch | China: US trying to build an Asia-Pacific version of NATO Study co-author Zhou said, as per LiveScience, "As human visits to Mars become more frequent, the threat posed by Mars-CAPHAs may increasingly be taken seriously." On the contrary, he believes that these asteroids can further help understand the environment on Mars in greater detail and aid astronomers in understanding the history of the planet. Is Mars at a greater risk of devastation from asteroids than Earth? Studying the impact of CAPHAs on Mars was a mammoth exercise for Zhou and his team. They created a simulation along with all eight planets of the solar system and asteroids for the same. Also read | Blood test predicts breast cancer recurrence years in advance The main belt is where all of these asteroids were first formed. The scientists then classified around 10,000 asteroids as "near-gap" by examining each asteroid's distance from six known gaps, which were asteroid-poor areas within the main belt where runaway rocks could potentially slip out. It was deduced that roughly 52 asteroids wander close to Mars every Earth year, which is approximately 2.6 times more than the asteroids that approach Earth every year. (With inputs from agencies)

Asteroids can cause catastrophe on Mars and scientists are worried. Here's why

As the number of prescriptions for the appetite-suppressing medication grows into the millions globally, scientists are discovering the benefits and drawbacks of Ozempic in real time.

What began as a diabetic treatment now appears to be very promising for heart health, even for patients who do not lose much weight, and doctors are discovering that the drug may also boost renal function.

According to a big multinational trial supported by Novo Nordisk, Ozempic's pharmaceutical supplier, the kidneys appear to benefit when the drug is administered at a lower dose than is typically used for diabetes or weight reduction.

More than 3,500 people with type 2 diabetes and chronic renal disease, a combination that increases the risk of kidney failure and occasionally fatal cardiovascular events like heart attacks, participated in the experiment. The participants came from 28 different countries.

Half of the study participants were randomly assigned to receive a weekly modest dosage of semaglutide, the active component in Ozempic, between June 2019 and May 2021. Half of the group was given a placebo.

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When compared to the placebo group, those who received the weekly injections lost kidney function at a slower rate, had a lower chance of renal failure, had lower systolic blood pressure, and weighed less.

After 3.4 years on Ozempic, participants had a 24 per cent reduced risk of significant renal events, an 18 per cent&nbsp;lower chance of having a heart attack or another major cardiovascular event, and a 20 per cent&nbsp;lower risk of dying from any cause.

Initial research, both with and without commercial funding, suggests that Ozempic may enhance kidney function, which is important for eliminating waste and fluid from the body and maintaining blood pressure.

Indirect effects of the medication include reducing blood pressure, body weight, and blood glucose levels, all of which can lessen kidney pressure.

For the time being, they are only hypotheses. More study is needed to determine how semaglutide and comparable medications affect the various organs of the body.

Researchers are currently looking into whether this type of drug is effective for chronic kidney disease in general, or if it is only beneficial for diabetic kidney disease patients. 
 
(With inputs from agencies)

As the number of prescriptions for the appetite-suppressing medication grows into the millions globally, scientists are discovering the benefits and drawbacks of Ozempic in real time.

As the number of prescriptions for the appetite-suppressing medication grows into the millions globally, scientists are discovering the benefits and drawbacks of Ozempic in real time. What began as a diabetic treatment now appears to be very promising for heart health, even for patients who do not lose much weight, and doctors are discovering that the drug may also boost renal function. According to a big multinational trial supported by Novo Nordisk, Ozempic's pharmaceutical supplier, the kidneys appear to benefit when the drug is administered at a lower dose than is typically used for diabetes or weight reduction. More than 3,500 people with type 2 diabetes and chronic renal disease, a combination that increases the risk of kidney failure and occasionally fatal cardiovascular events like heart attacks, participated in the experiment. The participants came from 28 different countries. Half of the study participants were randomly assigned to receive a weekly modest dosage of semaglutide, the active component in Ozempic, between June 2019 and May 2021. Half of the group was given a placebo. Also read: Blue-eyed individuals share common ancestor, claims genetic research When compared to the placebo group, those who received the weekly injections lost kidney function at a slower rate, had a lower chance of renal failure, had lower systolic blood pressure, and weighed less. After 3.4 years on Ozempic, participants had a 24 per cent reduced risk of significant renal events, an 18 per cent lower chance of having a heart attack or another major cardiovascular event, and a 20 per cent lower risk of dying from any cause. Initial research, both with and without commercial funding, suggests that Ozempic may enhance kidney function, which is important for eliminating waste and fluid from the body and maintaining blood pressure. Indirect effects of the medication include reducing blood pressure, body weight, and blood glucose levels, all of which can lessen kidney pressure. For the time being, they are only hypotheses. More study is needed to determine how semaglutide and comparable medications affect the various organs of the body. Researchers are currently looking into whether this type of drug is effective for chronic kidney disease in general, or if it is only beneficial for diabetic kidney disease patients. (With inputs from agencies)

Ozempic shows promise beyond diabetes: New study reveals kidney benefits

Breast cancer recurrence&nbsp;can occur months or even years after the initial treatment. Now, a groundbreaking blood test is revolutionising breast cancer recurrence detection by offering a potential game-changer in early intervention.

The risk of breast cancer recurrence varies depending on factors such as the stage of the cancer at diagnosis, the type of cancer, the effectiveness of initial treatment, and individual health factors. Some women may be at higher risk of recurrence than others.

More than just a diagnostic tool, this new test could be the beacon of hope for millions of women battling breast cancer worldwide.&nbsp;The approach to breast cancer treatment has faced a significant challenge&nbsp;- the probability of cancer recurrence.

But now, a new research showcased at the American Society of Clinical Oncology annual meeting in Chicago introduced a glimmer of hope. This is a personalised liquid biopsy capable of providing early indications of cancer's return, long before conventional scans can detect any tumours.

<h2>Trial results&nbsp;</h2>

In the trial involving 78 patients with various types of breast cancer, the test successfully predicted recurrence in all 11 patients who relapsed during the five-year period.

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This innovative test, designed to detect minuscule traces of cancer DNA in the bloodstream, has proven to be remarkably sensitive. According to trial results presented by researchers at the Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre in London, it can accurately forecast the risk of cancer recurrence months or even years before any visible symptoms manifest.

Simon Vincent, director of research at Breast Cancer Now, expressed enthusiasm over the findings.

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"Early detection is one of our greatest weapons against breast cancer," he said while highlighting the significance of catching recurrence in its nascent stages.

The study, led by Isaac Garcia-Murillas at the Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) in London, underscored the test's precision in identifying circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA), which can serve as a precursor to cancer recurrence.

Watch | Satellite to study how clouds affect climate

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Unlike previous tests, which employed less sensitive techniques, this new approach utilises whole genome sequencing to search for a broad spectrum of mutations. This enhances its accuracy.

(With inputs from agencies)

Breast cancer recurrence can occur months or even years after the initial treatment. Now, a groundbreaking blood test is revolutionising breast cancer recurrence detection by offering a potential game-changer in early intervention.

Breast cancer recurrence can occur months or even years after the initial treatment. Now, a groundbreaking blood test is revolutionising breast cancer recurrence detection by offering a potential game-changer in early intervention. The risk of breast cancer recurrence varies depending on factors such as the stage of the cancer at diagnosis, the type of cancer, the effectiveness of initial treatment, and individual health factors. Some women may be at higher risk of recurrence than others. More than just a diagnostic tool, this new test could be the beacon of hope for millions of women battling breast cancer worldwide. The approach to breast cancer treatment has faced a significant challenge - the probability of cancer recurrence. But now, a new research showcased at the American Society of Clinical Oncology annual meeting in Chicago introduced a glimmer of hope. This is a personalised liquid biopsy capable of providing early indications of cancer's return, long before conventional scans can detect any tumours. Trial results In the trial involving 78 patients with various types of breast cancer, the test successfully predicted recurrence in all 11 patients who relapsed during the five-year period. Also Read | Blue-eyed individuals share common ancestor, claims genetic research This innovative test, designed to detect minuscule traces of cancer DNA in the bloodstream, has proven to be remarkably sensitive. According to trial results presented by researchers at the Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre in London, it can accurately forecast the risk of cancer recurrence months or even years before any visible symptoms manifest. Simon Vincent, director of research at Breast Cancer Now, expressed enthusiasm over the findings. Also Read | Cuckoos deceive other birds into raising their young, tactics enhancing biodiversity: Study "Early detection is one of our greatest weapons against breast cancer," he said while highlighting the significance of catching recurrence in its nascent stages. The study, led by Isaac Garcia-Murillas at the Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) in London, underscored the test's precision in identifying circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA), which can serve as a precursor to cancer recurrence. Watch | Satellite to study how clouds affect climate × Unlike previous tests, which employed less sensitive techniques, this new approach utilises whole genome sequencing to search for a broad spectrum of mutations. This enhances its accuracy. (With inputs from agencies)

Blood test predicts breast cancer recurrence years in advance

A study conducted by a team at the University of Copenhagen has shed light on the origins of blue eyes. As per the findings of the research all blue-eyed individuals are may be sharing a single and common ancestor.

The research, led by Professor Hans Eiberg from the Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, pinpointed a genetic mutation that occurred 6-10,000 years ago. This mutation led to the emergence of blue eyes among humans.

The genetic mutation in question affected the OCA2 gene.

The OCA2 (oculocutaneous albinism II) gene provides instructions for making a protein called the P protein. This protein is primarily found in melanocytes, which are specialised cells involved in producing melanin, the pigment responsible for the colour of the skin, hair, and eyes.

Also Read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/cuckoos-deceive-other-birds-into-raising-their-young-tactics-enhancing-biodiversity-study-728042">Cuckoos deceive other birds into raising their young, tactics enhancing biodiversity: Study</a>

Mutations in the OCA2 gene can lead to changes in the P protein, which can affect the production and distribution of melanin. This can result in conditions such as oculocutaneous albinism, where individuals have little to no melanin production, leading to very fair skin, light-coloured hair, and light-coloured eyes.

The OCA2 gene is also associated with variations in eye colour in the general population, as different versions of the gene can influence the amount and distribution of melanin in the iris which can result in different eye colours.

<h2>Genetic mutation&nbsp;</h2>

A genetic mutation affecting the OCA2 gene in our chromosomes resulted "in the creation of a 'switch' which 'turned off' the ability to produce brown eyes," as per the study.

Also Read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/devil-comet-to-make-its-closest-approach-of-earth-later-today-727970">'Devil comet' to make its closest approach of Earth later today</a>

This switch, located adjacent to the OCA2 gene dampers the gene's ability to reduce melanin production. "From this we can conclude that all blue-eyed individuals are linked to the same ancestor," Professor Eiberg stated.

Watch: Ultra-processed food could damage your brain, reveals Harvard study

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Examining mitochondrial DNA and comparing eye colour across different countries, including Jordan, Denmark, and Turkey, Professor Eiberg and his team confirmed their findings.

Regarding the significance of the mutation, Professor Eiberg emphasised that it neither confers a positive nor negative impact on survival. "It simply shows that nature is constantly shuffling the human genome, creating a genetic cocktail of human chromosomes and trying out different changes as it does so," he said.

(With inputs from agencies)

A study conducted by a team at the University of Copenhagen has shed light on the origins of blue eyes. As per the findings of the research all blue-eyed individuals are may be sharing a single and common ancestor.

A study conducted by a team at the University of Copenhagen has shed light on the origins of blue eyes. As per the findings of the research all blue-eyed individuals are may be sharing a single and common ancestor. The research, led by Professor Hans Eiberg from the Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, pinpointed a genetic mutation that occurred 6-10,000 years ago. This mutation led to the emergence of blue eyes among humans. The genetic mutation in question affected the OCA2 gene. The OCA2 (oculocutaneous albinism II) gene provides instructions for making a protein called the P protein. This protein is primarily found in melanocytes, which are specialised cells involved in producing melanin, the pigment responsible for the colour of the skin, hair, and eyes. Also Read | Cuckoos deceive other birds into raising their young, tactics enhancing biodiversity: Study Mutations in the OCA2 gene can lead to changes in the P protein, which can affect the production and distribution of melanin. This can result in conditions such as oculocutaneous albinism, where individuals have little to no melanin production, leading to very fair skin, light-coloured hair, and light-coloured eyes. The OCA2 gene is also associated with variations in eye colour in the general population, as different versions of the gene can influence the amount and distribution of melanin in the iris which can result in different eye colours. Genetic mutation A genetic mutation affecting the OCA2 gene in our chromosomes resulted "in the creation of a 'switch' which 'turned off' the ability to produce brown eyes," as per the study. Also Read | 'Devil comet' to make its closest approach of Earth later today This switch, located adjacent to the OCA2 gene dampers the gene's ability to reduce melanin production. "From this we can conclude that all blue-eyed individuals are linked to the same ancestor," Professor Eiberg stated. Watch: Ultra-processed food could damage your brain, reveals Harvard study × Examining mitochondrial DNA and comparing eye colour across different countries, including Jordan, Denmark, and Turkey, Professor Eiberg and his team confirmed their findings. Regarding the significance of the mutation, Professor Eiberg emphasised that it neither confers a positive nor negative impact on survival. "It simply shows that nature is constantly shuffling the human genome, creating a genetic cocktail of human chromosomes and trying out different changes as it does so," he said. (With inputs from agencies)

Blue-eyed individuals share common ancestor, claims genetic research

Real Madrid coach Carlo Ancelotti said his team would be back for more silverware with the same hunger next season after claiming a record-extending 15th Champions League trophy at Wembley on Saturday.

Los Blancos held off Borussia Dortmund and then struck twice through Dani Carvajal and Vinicius Junior to secure a 2-0 victory.

"Here there's no danger of our stomachs being too full... tomorrow this club will enjoy another fantastic day with our fans, then to rest, the players will go to the Euros, the Copa America, then we will return with the same desire and hope as ever," pledged Ancelotti.

The Italian lifted the trophy for a record-extending fifth time as a coach and his players jubilantly tossed him into the air during the celebrations.

"This competition gave me fantastic happiness, as a player, as a manager," continued Ancelotti, who turns 65 on June 10.

"My target is to try to repeat the same emotion that we (have) the week after this game, this is the target.

"I have the luck to the be at the best club in the world."

ALSO READ:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/football/champions-league-final-real-madrid-stretch-european-dominance-with-15th-title-after-beating-borussia-dortmund-727900">Champions League Final: Real Madrid extend European dominance with 15th title after beating Borussia Dortmund</a>

The coach said he rated the team's performance this season as "10 out of 10" after severe injuries to several key players including David Alaba, Eder Militao and Thibaut Courtois, the latter of whom started the final.

Madrid, who completed a La Liga and Champions League double for the fifth time in their history, are Spain's dominant force.

That advantage may be further increased by the signing of France striker Kylian Mbappe at the end of his Paris Saint-Germain deal, a move expected to be announced in the coming days.

Madrid will lose German midfield metronome Toni Kroos, retiring from football after Euro 2024.

"What will happen now? Something will happen. We lost an important player, we will have other players to take over," said Ancelotti. "As we have always done, we adapt to the characteristics of the players that we have, to be competitive."

Ancelotti said coming back to Madrid for a second stint in charge was a "gift" for him, having returned in 2021.

The Italian said he was delighted to be at a "family" club, with his son Davide Ancelotti operating as his assistant.

"We're a family, Real Madrid is a family, a football family," continued the coach. "There's a healthy, clean environment. Working in a family is a lot better than working in an industry.

"Obviously he helps me a lot because he can tell me things that nobody else can tell me."

Real Madrid coach Carlo Ancelotti said his team would be back for more silverware with the same hunger next season after claiming a record-extending 15th Champions League trophy at Wembley on Saturday.

Real Madrid coach Carlo Ancelotti said his team would be back for more silverware with the same hunger next season after claiming a record-extending 15th Champions League trophy at Wembley on Saturday. Los Blancos held off Borussia Dortmund and then struck twice through Dani Carvajal and Vinicius Junior to secure a 2-0 victory. "Here there's no danger of our stomachs being too full... tomorrow this club will enjoy another fantastic day with our fans, then to rest, the players will go to the Euros, the Copa America, then we will return with the same desire and hope as ever," pledged Ancelotti. The Italian lifted the trophy for a record-extending fifth time as a coach and his players jubilantly tossed him into the air during the celebrations. "This competition gave me fantastic happiness, as a player, as a manager," continued Ancelotti, who turns 65 on June 10. "My target is to try to repeat the same emotion that we (have) the week after this game, this is the target. "I have the luck to the be at the best club in the world." ALSO READ: Champions League Final: Real Madrid extend European dominance with 15th title after beating Borussia Dortmund The coach said he rated the team's performance this season as "10 out of 10" after severe injuries to several key players including David Alaba, Eder Militao and Thibaut Courtois, the latter of whom started the final. Madrid, who completed a La Liga and Champions League double for the fifth time in their history, are Spain's dominant force. That advantage may be further increased by the signing of France striker Kylian Mbappe at the end of his Paris Saint-Germain deal, a move expected to be announced in the coming days. Madrid will lose German midfield metronome Toni Kroos, retiring from football after Euro 2024. "What will happen now? Something will happen. We lost an important player, we will have other players to take over," said Ancelotti. "As we have always done, we adapt to the characteristics of the players that we have, to be competitive." Ancelotti said coming back to Madrid for a second stint in charge was a "gift" for him, having returned in 2021. The Italian said he was delighted to be at a "family" club, with his son Davide Ancelotti operating as his assistant. "We're a family, Real Madrid is a family, a football family," continued the coach. "There's a healthy, clean environment. Working in a family is a lot better than working in an industry. "Obviously he helps me a lot because he can tell me things that nobody else can tell me."

Cuckoos deceive other birds into raising their young, tactics enhancing biodiversity: Study

The devil comet will make its closest approach of Earth later on Sunday. A report by CNN said that while the comet has not been visible to people in the Northern Hemisphere&nbsp;since the first week of May, those in the Southern Hemisphere&nbsp;have a better chance of visibility. The celestial object only completes one orbit around the sun about every 71 years.

The CNN report said that given the comet, officially called&nbsp;Comet 12P/Pons-Brooks,would not&nbsp;pass by Earth again for decades, observations by astronomers could provide key insights into its true nature and behaviour.

<h2>Comet made closest pass of Sun on April 21</h2>

The comet had made its closest pass of the Sun on April 21, coming within&nbsp;119.7 million kilometres. Now, the comet will make its closest pass of Earth on Sunday, but it will be more than 230 million kilometres&nbsp;away from the planet&nbsp;and won’t pose a risk, the report added.&nbsp;

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/devil-comet-makes-spectacular-return-after-7-decades-graces-australian-skies-713033">Devil Comet makes spectacular return after 7 decades, graces Australian skies</a>

According to astronomer Dr Teddy Kareta,&nbsp;“For folks down below the equator, the coming weeks and months might be their first good chance to see this thing since the 1950s.”

<h2>The diameter</h2>

Dr Kareta,&nbsp;a postdoctoral associate at Lowell, said that the comet is estimated to be between 10 to 20 kilometres in diameter.&nbsp;

Meanwhile, astronomer Dr&nbsp;Dave Schleicher told CNN that the comet peaked in brightness in late April and has been&nbsp;steadily fading for three to four weeks. Dr Schleicher added that this comet&nbsp;has a green appearance typical of most comets because they contain diatomic carbon molecules that absorb sunlight and emit a colour that appears green.&nbsp;

(With inputs from agencies)

The devil comet will make its closest approach of Earth later on Sunday. A report by CNN said that while the comet has not been visible to people in the Northern Hemisphere since the first week of May, those in the Southern Hemisphere have a better chance of visibility.

The devil comet will make its closest approach of Earth later on Sunday. A report by CNN said that while the comet has not been visible to people in the Northern Hemisphere since the first week of May, those in the Southern Hemisphere have a better chance of visibility. The celestial object only completes one orbit around the sun about every 71 years. The CNN report said that given the comet, officially called Comet 12P/Pons-Brooks,would not pass by Earth again for decades, observations by astronomers could provide key insights into its true nature and behaviour. Comet made closest pass of Sun on April 21 The comet had made its closest pass of the Sun on April 21, coming within 119.7 million kilometres. Now, the comet will make its closest pass of Earth on Sunday, but it will be more than 230 million kilometres away from the planet and won’t pose a risk, the report added. Also read | Devil Comet makes spectacular return after 7 decades, graces Australian skies According to astronomer Dr Teddy Kareta, “For folks down below the equator, the coming weeks and months might be their first good chance to see this thing since the 1950s.” The diameter Dr Kareta, a postdoctoral associate at Lowell, said that the comet is estimated to be between 10 to 20 kilometres in diameter. Meanwhile, astronomer Dr Dave Schleicher told CNN that the comet peaked in brightness in late April and has been steadily fading for three to four weeks. Dr Schleicher added that this comet has a green appearance typical of most comets because they contain diatomic carbon molecules that absorb sunlight and emit a colour that appears green. (With inputs from agencies)

'Devil comet' to make its closest approach of Earth later today

An intriguing yet scary study has revealed that children are more likely to trust robots and machines than humans. The research, published in Computers in Human Behavior, revealed that children were more accepting and empathetic when robots made mistakes.

The study involved 111 kids aged between three and six.

Researchers wanted to know what sources are children more likely to prefer and trust as they come across huge amounts of data on a daily basis both in the offline and online world.

"The question then becomes, how do children choose who to learn from when faced with conflicting testimonies?" the researchers wrote in their published paper.

<h2>How was the study conducted?</h2>

The kids were divided into many groups and they were shown movies of humans and robots labelling both new and familiar objects.

Also read:&nbsp;<a data-ved="2ahUKEwiOrrHuu7iGAxUsUGwGHeMNCMUQxfQBKAB6BAgMEAE" href="https://www.wionews.com/science/kilauea-volcano-could-erupt-like-a-stomp-rocket-toy-says-study-726604" jsname="YKoRaf" ping="/url?sa=t&amp;source=web&amp;rct=j&amp;opi=89978449&amp;url=https://www.wionews.com/science/kilauea-volcano-could-erupt-like-a-stomp-rocket-toy-says-study-726604&amp;ved=2ahUKEwiOrrHuu7iGAxUsUGwGHeMNCMUQxfQBKAB6BAgMEAE">Kilauea volcano could erupt like a `stomp-rocket toy`, says study</a>

The reliability of humans and robots was tested by incorrectly labelling common objects—such as calling a plate a spoon. This was done by researchers to assess the children's perception of who to trust more.

<h2>Results</h2>

The children were keener to ask robots to label the new items and accept their labelling as accurate. Interestingly, they were more likely to share their secrets with robots rather than humans.

"Children's conceptualizations of the agents making a mistake also differed, such that an unreliable human was selected as doing things on purpose, but not an unreliable robot," write the researchers.

Also read:&nbsp;<a data-ved="2ahUKEwiOrrHuu7iGAxUsUGwGHeMNCMUQxfQBKAB6BAgREAE" href="https://www.wionews.com/science/jwst-discovers-two-earliest-most-distant-galaxies-in-known-universe-727337" jsname="YKoRaf" ping="/url?sa=t&amp;source=web&amp;rct=j&amp;opi=89978449&amp;url=https://www.wionews.com/science/jwst-discovers-two-earliest-most-distant-galaxies-in-known-universe-727337&amp;ved=2ahUKEwiOrrHuu7iGAxUsUGwGHeMNCMUQxfQBKAB6BAgREAE">James Webb telescope discovers two earliest, most distant galaxies in known universe</a>

"These findings suggest that children's perceptions of a robot's reliability are separate from their evaluation of its desirability as a social interaction partner and its perceived agency," they further wrote.

Slight differences in responses of kids from different age groups were also noted. For instance, older kids were more likely to trust robots than younger ones. "What it is about the robot, exactly, which makes it preferable, remains an open question," the researchers wondered.

(With inputs from agencies)

An intriguing yet scary study has revealed that children are more likely to trust robots and machines than humans. The research, published in Computers in Human Behavior, revealed that children were more accepting and empathetic when robots made mistakes.

An intriguing yet scary study has revealed that children are more likely to trust robots and machines than humans. The research, published in Computers in Human Behavior, revealed that children were more accepting and empathetic when robots made mistakes. The study involved 111 kids aged between three and six. Researchers wanted to know what sources are children more likely to prefer and trust as they come across huge amounts of data on a daily basis both in the offline and online world. "The question then becomes, how do children choose who to learn from when faced with conflicting testimonies?" the researchers wrote in their published paper. How was the study conducted? The kids were divided into many groups and they were shown movies of humans and robots labelling both new and familiar objects. Also read: Kilauea volcano could erupt like a `stomp-rocket toy`, says study The reliability of humans and robots was tested by incorrectly labelling common objects—such as calling a plate a spoon. This was done by researchers to assess the children's perception of who to trust more. Results The children were keener to ask robots to label the new items and accept their labelling as accurate. Interestingly, they were more likely to share their secrets with robots rather than humans. "Children's conceptualizations of the agents making a mistake also differed, such that an unreliable human was selected as doing things on purpose, but not an unreliable robot," write the researchers. Also read: James Webb telescope discovers two earliest, most distant galaxies in known universe "These findings suggest that children's perceptions of a robot's reliability are separate from their evaluation of its desirability as a social interaction partner and its perceived agency," they further wrote. Slight differences in responses of kids from different age groups were also noted. For instance, older kids were more likely to trust robots than younger ones. "What it is about the robot, exactly, which makes it preferable, remains an open question," the researchers wondered. (With inputs from agencies)

Kids more likely to trust robots than humans, reveals study

How will it enhance human capabilities and productivity if an additional robotic thumb is installed in our hands? Scientists at Cambridge University conducted a study and found that it can really help expand our efficiency. They have also developed a controllable prosthetic extra thumb, which is easy to use and very controllable.

Tamar Makin, a professor from the Medical Research Council (MRC) Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit at the University of Cambridge, said that the new technology can help marginalised communities.

“These technologies open up exciting new opportunities that can benefit society, but it’s vital that we consider how they can help all people equally, especially marginalised communities who are often excluded from innovation research and development,” she said.

Watch:&nbsp;From Big Bang Theory to Toddlerhood: Exploring Universe's early stages

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He added that it will greatly help people relying on their hand's manual dexterity to complete their tasks.

"We are also really excited about potential opportunities of using the thumb to enhance productivity in work settings, especially those that are relying on their hand's manual dexterity in order to accomplish their work,” she said.

Also read:&nbsp;<a data-ved="2ahUKEwiCjqq6sbqGAxV04zgGHSU6A8IQxfQBKAB6BAgPEAE" href="https://www.wionews.com/science/kids-more-likely-to-trust-robots-than-humans-reveals-study-727545" jsname="YKoRaf" ping="/url?sa=t&amp;source=web&amp;rct=j&amp;opi=89978449&amp;url=https://www.wionews.com/science/kids-more-likely-to-trust-robots-than-humans-reveals-study-727545&amp;ved=2ahUKEwiCjqq6sbqGAxV04zgGHSU6A8IQxfQBKAB6BAgPEAE">Kids more likely to trust robots than humans, reveals study</a>

“This can be anywhere between manual labourers that are trying to solder a complicated kit or even surgeons that have to negotiate between many instruments at the same time," she added.

The device, referred to here as the third thumb, was initially tested by 600 participants at a 2022 exhibition.

Out of the 600 people, only four were not able to use the robotic thumb properly due to size issues. It reveals how the device is designed to help most of the people who intend to use it.

The results of the experiment were published in Science Robotics in May which revealed: "98 per cent of participants were able to successfully manipulate objects using the extra thumb during the first minute of use, with no significant influences of gender, handedness, or affinity for hobbies involving the hands.”&nbsp;&nbsp;

(With inputs from agencies)

How will it enhance human capabilities and productivity if an additional robotic thumb is installed in our hands? Scientists at Cambridge University conducted a study and found that it can really help expand our efficiency.

How will it enhance human capabilities and productivity if an additional robotic thumb is installed in our hands? Scientists at Cambridge University conducted a study and found that it can really help expand our efficiency. They have also developed a controllable prosthetic extra thumb, which is easy to use and very controllable. Tamar Makin, a professor from the Medical Research Council (MRC) Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit at the University of Cambridge, said that the new technology can help marginalised communities. “These technologies open up exciting new opportunities that can benefit society, but it’s vital that we consider how they can help all people equally, especially marginalised communities who are often excluded from innovation research and development,” she said. Watch: From Big Bang Theory to Toddlerhood: Exploring Universe's early stages × He added that it will greatly help people relying on their hand's manual dexterity to complete their tasks. "We are also really excited about potential opportunities of using the thumb to enhance productivity in work settings, especially those that are relying on their hand's manual dexterity in order to accomplish their work,” she said. Also read: Kids more likely to trust robots than humans, reveals study “This can be anywhere between manual labourers that are trying to solder a complicated kit or even surgeons that have to negotiate between many instruments at the same time," she added. The device, referred to here as the third thumb, was initially tested by 600 participants at a 2022 exhibition. Out of the 600 people, only four were not able to use the robotic thumb properly due to size issues. It reveals how the device is designed to help most of the people who intend to use it. The results of the experiment were published in Science Robotics in May which revealed: "98 per cent of participants were able to successfully manipulate objects using the extra thumb during the first minute of use, with no significant influences of gender, handedness, or affinity for hobbies involving the hands.” (With inputs from agencies)

Scientists develop robotic ‘third thumb’ that can greatly boost human efficiency

A fern growing on a remote Pacific island has broken the Guinness World Record for having the largest genome of any organism on Earth. A genome in any organism is the complete set of genetic material present in that organism, including its DNA.&nbsp;

With a genome measuring a staggering 160 gigabase pairs (Gbp). The fern surpasses the previous record holder, the Japanese flowering plant Paris japonica, by 7 per cent.

The human genome, with a relatively modest size of approximately 3.1 gigabase pairs (Gbp)&nbsp;provides a striking contrast to the colossal genomes found in these fern.

Human genome, when unravelled, would measure about six feet in length.

The fern, Tmesipteris oblanceolata, has more than 50 times more DNA packed into the nucleus of its cells than humans do. Tmesipteris oblanceolata is endemic to New Caledonia, an archipelago that is located in the southwest Pacific Ocean and is known for its rich biodiversity.

Scientists revealed in a new study that if the DNA from one of the fern's cells would stretch out to 350 feet. This means the fern's DNA, when fully extended, would be taller than both the Statue of Liberty and the tower housing London's Big Ben.

Also Read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/nasa-debunks-reports-of-planetary-parade-gives-list-of-celestial-events-for-june-727739">NASA debunks reports of 'planetary parade', gives list of celestial events for June</a>

Ilia Leitch, a researcher at the UK's Royal Botanic Gardens Kew and co-author of the study, expressed the team's astonishment. The team was "really surprised to find something even bigger than Paris japonica."

The research team travelled to the island of Grand Terre in 2023. There, the team teamed up with local scientists for the study.

Also Read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/a-group-of-mammals-suddenly-disappeared-50000-years-ago-ancient-bone-collagen-might-tell-why-727685">A group of mammals suddenly disappeared 50,000 years ago. Ancient bone collagen might tell why</a>

Leitch explained that having a massive genome is generally a disadvantage. The more DNA you have, the larger your cells need to be to accommodate it all, according to him.

Moreover, replicating such a vast amount of DNA is complex. In plants with exceptionally large genomes, this process becomes even more challenging. The sheer volume of genetic material to be copied can lead to longer periods required for growth and reproduction. Leitch has shown that there is a correlation between genome size and plant adaptability to environmental stress.

Watch |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/videos/who-warns-of-huge-impact-of-food-shortages-on-children-in-gaza-situation-horrific-in-gaza-wfp-727752">WHO warns of huge impact of food shortages on children in Gaza | Situation horrific in Gaza: WFP</a>

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Leitch pondered the fern's unique adaptation - "How does it survive with that much DNA in it?"

Scientists remained uncertain about the role of much of the DNA in such large genomes, often labeling it as "junk DNA." However, Leitch suggested that this might be due to our own ignorance, hinting that it could have undiscovered functions.

The study was published in the journal iScience.

(With inputs from agencies)

A fern growing on a remote Pacific island has broken the Guinness World Record for having the largest genome of any organism on Earth. A genome in any organism is the complete set of genetic material present in that organism, including its DNA.

A fern growing on a remote Pacific island has broken the Guinness World Record for having the largest genome of any organism on Earth. A genome in any organism is the complete set of genetic material present in that organism, including its DNA. With a genome measuring a staggering 160 gigabase pairs (Gbp). The fern surpasses the previous record holder, the Japanese flowering plant Paris japonica, by 7 per cent. The human genome, with a relatively modest size of approximately 3.1 gigabase pairs (Gbp) provides a striking contrast to the colossal genomes found in these fern. Human genome, when unravelled, would measure about six feet in length. The fern, Tmesipteris oblanceolata, has more than 50 times more DNA packed into the nucleus of its cells than humans do. Tmesipteris oblanceolata is endemic to New Caledonia, an archipelago that is located in the southwest Pacific Ocean and is known for its rich biodiversity. Scientists revealed in a new study that if the DNA from one of the fern's cells would stretch out to 350 feet. This means the fern's DNA, when fully extended, would be taller than both the Statue of Liberty and the tower housing London's Big Ben. Also Read | NASA debunks reports of 'planetary parade', gives list of celestial events for June Ilia Leitch, a researcher at the UK's Royal Botanic Gardens Kew and co-author of the study, expressed the team's astonishment. The team was "really surprised to find something even bigger than Paris japonica." The research team travelled to the island of Grand Terre in 2023. There, the team teamed up with local scientists for the study. Also Read | A group of mammals suddenly disappeared 50,000 years ago. Ancient bone collagen might tell why Leitch explained that having a massive genome is generally a disadvantage. The more DNA you have, the larger your cells need to be to accommodate it all, according to him. Moreover, replicating such a vast amount of DNA is complex. In plants with exceptionally large genomes, this process becomes even more challenging. The sheer volume of genetic material to be copied can lead to longer periods required for growth and reproduction. Leitch has shown that there is a correlation between genome size and plant adaptability to environmental stress. Watch | WHO warns of huge impact of food shortages on children in Gaza | Situation horrific in Gaza: WFP × Leitch pondered the fern's unique adaptation - "How does it survive with that much DNA in it?" Scientists remained uncertain about the role of much of the DNA in such large genomes, often labeling it as "junk DNA." However, Leitch suggested that this might be due to our own ignorance, hinting that it could have undiscovered functions. The study was published in the journal iScience. (With inputs from agencies)

This Fern shatters Guinness World Record with largest genome on Earth

Researchers said they were able to study the way volcanism shaped the crust and mantle of Mars based on the meteorites that broke off the red planet and landed on Earth, millions of years ago, according to the research published in Science Advances. &nbsp;

<h2>About the study</h2>

The researchers at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography at the University of California San Diego said that they were able to ascertain that Mars has a distinct structure in its mantle and crust with discernible reservoirs thanks to the meteorites which broke off the red planet 11 million years ago.&nbsp;

“Martian meteorites are the only physical materials we have available from Mars,” said geologist James Day from the Scripps Oceanography Institute. The rocks analysed by Day and his team came in two forms – chassignites and nakhlites.&nbsp;

Also Read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/nasa-debunks-reports-of-planetary-parade-gives-list-of-celestial-events-for-june-727739">NASA debunks reports of ‘planetary parade’, gives list of celestial events for June</a>

The rocks allowed researchers to “make precise and accurate measurements and then quantify processes that occurred within Mars and close to the martian surface,” the geologist added.&nbsp;

He added, “They provide direct information on Mars’ composition that can ground truth mission science, like the ongoing Perseverance rover operations taking place there.”

One of the meteorites examined was chassignites, after a rock found in 1815 in Chassign, France and nakhlites after a specimen uncovered in Nakhla, Egypt, in 1905.

<h2>What did the researchers find?</h2>

According to the study, the two kinds of rocks also have different compositions, with nakhlite being a basaltic form of rock which includes minerals like augite and olivine. However, chassignite is almost entirely olivine.

After the analysis of the rocks, researchers found that they were once formed in the same Martian volcano around 1.3 billion years ago.&nbsp;

Upon careful examination and comparison, they were also able to determine that nakhlites were part of the Martian crust and the chassignites were part of the mantle below.&nbsp;

Also Read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/a-group-of-mammals-suddenly-disappeared-50000-years-ago-ancient-bone-collagen-might-tell-why-727685">A group of mammals suddenly disappeared 50,000 years ago. Ancient bone collagen might tell why</a>

According to Day, by determining that the two rock formations are from the same volcanic system and that they interacted with Martian crust that was altered by atmospheric interactions, researchers can now identify a new rock type on the red planet.&nbsp;

He also noted that Mars’ volcanism has “incredible similarities,” but also differences to that of Earth’s. According to Day, similar nakhlites and chassignites were found in recent volcanism in places like Oahu in Hawaii.&nbsp;

On the other hand, the reservoirs in Mars are “extremely ancient” and seemed to have separated from one another shortly after the red planet formed, the researcher added.

(With inputs from agencies) 
&nbsp;

Researchers said they were able to study the way volcanism shaped the crust and mantle of Mars based on the meteorites that broke off the red planet and landed on Earth, millions of years ago, according to the research published in Science Advances.

Researchers said they were able to study the way volcanism shaped the crust and mantle of Mars based on the meteorites that broke off the red planet and landed on Earth, millions of years ago, according to the research published in Science Advances. About the study The researchers at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography at the University of California San Diego said that they were able to ascertain that Mars has a distinct structure in its mantle and crust with discernible reservoirs thanks to the meteorites which broke off the red planet 11 million years ago. “Martian meteorites are the only physical materials we have available from Mars,” said geologist James Day from the Scripps Oceanography Institute. The rocks analysed by Day and his team came in two forms – chassignites and nakhlites. Also Read | NASA debunks reports of ‘planetary parade’, gives list of celestial events for June The rocks allowed researchers to “make precise and accurate measurements and then quantify processes that occurred within Mars and close to the martian surface,” the geologist added. He added, “They provide direct information on Mars’ composition that can ground truth mission science, like the ongoing Perseverance rover operations taking place there.” One of the meteorites examined was chassignites, after a rock found in 1815 in Chassign, France and nakhlites after a specimen uncovered in Nakhla, Egypt, in 1905. What did the researchers find? According to the study, the two kinds of rocks also have different compositions, with nakhlite being a basaltic form of rock which includes minerals like augite and olivine. However, chassignite is almost entirely olivine. After the analysis of the rocks, researchers found that they were once formed in the same Martian volcano around 1.3 billion years ago. Upon careful examination and comparison, they were also able to determine that nakhlites were part of the Martian crust and the chassignites were part of the mantle below. Also Read | A group of mammals suddenly disappeared 50,000 years ago. Ancient bone collagen might tell why According to Day, by determining that the two rock formations are from the same volcanic system and that they interacted with Martian crust that was altered by atmospheric interactions, researchers can now identify a new rock type on the red planet. He also noted that Mars’ volcanism has “incredible similarities,” but also differences to that of Earth’s. According to Day, similar nakhlites and chassignites were found in recent volcanism in places like Oahu in Hawaii. On the other hand, the reservoirs in Mars are “extremely ancient” and seemed to have separated from one another shortly after the red planet formed, the researcher added. (With inputs from agencies)

Millions of years old pieces of Mars that landed on Earth reveal ancient volcanic secret

A genetically modified pig kidney was removed from a 54-year-old transplant patient Lisa Pisano of New Jersey, after it started to lose its function. NYU Langone Health announced on Friday (May 31) that Pisano is now stable and has resumed dialysis.

Pisano received a Left Ventricular Assist Device (LVAD) on April 4. LVAD is a mechanical pump that helps a weakened heart pump blood throughout the body and is often used for people with severe heart failure when medication alone isn't enough.

This was followed by the kidney and thymus gland transplant from a gene-edited pig on April 12.

This marked the first instance of an organ transplant in a patient with a mechanical heart pump and the second known gene-edited pig kidney transplant into a living person. It was also the first to include the thymus in addition to a kidney transplant.&nbsp;

Also Read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/us-faces-escalating-std-crisis-with-surging-syphilis-rates-and-rising-infant-deaths-warns-health-officials-727798">US faces escalating STD crisis with surging syphilis rates and rising infant deaths, warns health officials</a>

Even after initial signs of recovery, Pisano's new kidney failed after 47 days.

Dr Robert Montgomery, who led the transplant, cited "unique challenges" in managing both the heart pump and the new kidney. He noted that Pisano's blood pressure dropped multiple times, affecting the kidney's blood flow.

"The blood pressure she could generate from the LVAD was not adequate to provide optimal perfusion to the kidney, causing cumulative reduction in her kidney function," Montgomery explained.

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Montgomery stated, "On balance, the kidney was no longer contributing enough to justify continuing the immunosuppression regimen."

A biopsy of the kidney showed no signs of rejection. However, the kidney suffered "significant injury" from insufficient blood flow. NYU is planning to study the removed kidney to gain further insights into its performance in a human body.

<h2>'Lisa is a pioneer and a hero'</h2>

Montgomery praised Pisano's courage, stating, “Lisa is a pioneer and a hero in the effort to create a sustainable option for people waiting for an organ transplant. Her strength and bravery in the face of adversity inspires and drives us as we continue pursuing the hope and promise of xenotransplantation."&nbsp;

Watch | Ultra-processed food could damage your brain, reveals Harvard study

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The first patient to receive a gene-edited pig kidney, Richard “Rick” Slayman, passed away nearly two months after his transplant at Massachusetts General Hospital. But his death was not directly attributed to the experimental procedure.

The organ shortage in the US is critical, with over 100,000 people on the transplant waiting list, the majority needing kidneys. Each day, 17 people die waiting for an organ.

In 2023, about 27,000 kidneys were transplanted, but nearly 89,000 people were still waiting.

(With inputs from agencies)

A genetically modified pig kidney was removed from a 54-year-old transplant patient Lisa Pisano of New Jersey, after it started to lose its function. NYU Langone Health announced on Friday (May 31) that Pisano is now stable and has resumed dialysis.

A genetically modified pig kidney was removed from a 54-year-old transplant patient Lisa Pisano of New Jersey, after it started to lose its function. NYU Langone Health announced on Friday (May 31) that Pisano is now stable and has resumed dialysis. Pisano received a Left Ventricular Assist Device (LVAD) on April 4. LVAD is a mechanical pump that helps a weakened heart pump blood throughout the body and is often used for people with severe heart failure when medication alone isn't enough. This was followed by the kidney and thymus gland transplant from a gene-edited pig on April 12. This marked the first instance of an organ transplant in a patient with a mechanical heart pump and the second known gene-edited pig kidney transplant into a living person. It was also the first to include the thymus in addition to a kidney transplant. Also Read | US faces escalating STD crisis with surging syphilis rates and rising infant deaths, warns health officials Even after initial signs of recovery, Pisano's new kidney failed after 47 days. Dr Robert Montgomery, who led the transplant, cited "unique challenges" in managing both the heart pump and the new kidney. He noted that Pisano's blood pressure dropped multiple times, affecting the kidney's blood flow. "The blood pressure she could generate from the LVAD was not adequate to provide optimal perfusion to the kidney, causing cumulative reduction in her kidney function," Montgomery explained. Also Read | Scientists develop robotic 'third thumb' that can greatly boost human efficiency Montgomery stated, "On balance, the kidney was no longer contributing enough to justify continuing the immunosuppression regimen." A biopsy of the kidney showed no signs of rejection. However, the kidney suffered "significant injury" from insufficient blood flow. NYU is planning to study the removed kidney to gain further insights into its performance in a human body. 'Lisa is a pioneer and a hero' Montgomery praised Pisano's courage, stating, “Lisa is a pioneer and a hero in the effort to create a sustainable option for people waiting for an organ transplant. Her strength and bravery in the face of adversity inspires and drives us as we continue pursuing the hope and promise of xenotransplantation." Watch | Ultra-processed food could damage your brain, reveals Harvard study × The first patient to receive a gene-edited pig kidney, Richard “Rick” Slayman, passed away nearly two months after his transplant at Massachusetts General Hospital. But his death was not directly attributed to the experimental procedure. The organ shortage in the US is critical, with over 100,000 people on the transplant waiting list, the majority needing kidneys. Each day, 17 people die waiting for an organ. In 2023, about 27,000 kidneys were transplanted, but nearly 89,000 people were still waiting. (With inputs from agencies)

Gene-edited pig kidney removed from woman patient after 47 days

In new research, scientists have found that elusive intermediate-mass black holes may have birthed in dense star clusters which are filled with tens of thousands to millions of tightly packed stars known as "globular clusters".

In new research, scientists have found that elusive intermediate-mass black holes may have birthed in dense star clusters which are filled with tens of thousands to millions of tightly packed stars known as "globular clusters". The mass of an intermediate-mass black hole is between 100 and 10,000 times that of the sun. They are heavier in comparison to solar-mass black holes which have a mass that ranges between 10 and 100 solar masses and still, they are lighter in comparison to the supermassive black holes. The supermassive black holes have a mass which is equal to millions or even billions of suns. The astronomers found that these cosmic inbetweeners were elusive in 2012. Also Read: Giant alien power plants are sucking energy from seven stars in outer space, claims study The intermediate-mass black hole, which has been named GCIRS 13E, has a mass which is 1,300 times that of the sun and is situated 26,000 light-years away. It is located near the galactic centre of the Milky Way. Here's how the intermediate-mass black holes are formed The surroundings in which the intermediate-mass black holes have been formed have always remained a mystery. The birth of stellar-mass black holes happens when massive stars collapse and the growth of supermassive black holes happens after subsequent mergers of larger black holes. According to astronomers, a star which is massive enough to die and form a black hole with thousands of solar masses is incredibly rare and it must struggle to retain its mass when it is dying. To understand how these intermediate-mass black holes are formed, the first-ever star-by-star simulation of massive clusters was performed by a team of researchers. In the experiment, it was observed that a dense enough molecular cloud "birthing nest" which consists of globular clusters may have led to the creation of stars which are huge enough to collapse and release an intermediate-mass black hole. Watch: China 'militarising' space? In a statement, University of Tokyo scientist and team leader Michiko Fujii said, "Previous observations have suggested that some massive star clusters, globular clusters, host an intermediate-mass black hole." "So far, there has been no strong theoretical evidence to show the existence of intermediate-mass black hole with 1,000 to 10,000 solar masses compared to less massive (stellar mass) and more massive (supermassive) ones," he added. "Our final goal is to simulate entire galaxies by resolving individual stars. It is still difficult to simulate Milky Way-size galaxies by resolving individual stars using currently available supercomputers. However, it would be possible to simulate smaller galaxies such as dwarf galaxies," Fujii further explained. (With inputs from agencies)

Intermediate-mass black holes have a 'birthing nest' in cosmic world, suggests study

Recent media reports suggested that stargazers would witness a rare celestial event on Monday (June 3), with six planets appearing in alignment.

However, NASA has been quick to debunk these claims and provided a more accurate picture of what to expect in the night sky in June.&nbsp;

The initial reports claimed that Mercury, Mars, Neptune, Jupiter, Saturn and Uranus would take part in a "planet parade," a phenomenon where planets align on the same side of the sun.

NASA, in a note titled "Planet Parade," addressed these misconceptions. "Some online sources have shared excitement about a 'parade of planets' visible in the morning sky in early June (June 3 in particular)," NASA stated. "In reality, only two of the six planets supposedly on display (Saturn and Mars) will actually be visible."

Also Read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/a-group-of-mammals-suddenly-disappeared-50000-years-ago-ancient-bone-collagen-might-tell-why-727685">A group of mammals suddenly disappeared 50,000 years ago. Ancient bone collagen might tell why</a>

NASA explained that during "early June, Jupiter and Mercury will be at or below the horizon during morning twilight and therefore not visible to the naked eye."

In addition to this, the space agency also said that Uranus and Neptune are too faint to be seen without a telescope.&nbsp;

"The closest thing to a planet parade will be June 29, when Saturn, the Moon, Mars, and Jupiter will line up across the morning sky. This arrangement persists into July, and we'll talk more about that lineup," NASA added.

<h2>Plenty of other celestial event</h2>

While the anticipated six-planet alignment won't occur, there are still plenty of exciting celestial events to look forward to in June.

Saturn and Mars will be visible in the early morning hours throughout the month, and they will be joined by Jupiter later in June.

On June 2, just before sunrise, Mars will be visible just beneath the crescent Moon, with Saturn nearby. The crescent Moon will sit beneath Mars in the morning twilight on June 3.

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The new moon will occur on June 6, and the full moon on June 21.

By the final week of June, Jupiter will become visible low in the east before sunrise. "Look for the bright planet around 10 degrees above the horizon this final week of June, forming a line with Mars and Saturn that stretches toward the south," as per the space agency.&nbsp;

Watch | Satellite to study how clouds affect climate

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On June 27, the Moon will rise in the east with Saturn around midnight, and by dawn, they will be high in the southern sky. They will appear close enough to be seen together through binoculars.

(With inputs from agencies)

Recent media reports suggested that stargazers would witness a rare celestial event on Monday (June 3), with six planets appearing in alignment. However, NASA has been quick to debunk these claims and provided a more accurate picture of what to expect in the night sky in June.

Recent media reports suggested that stargazers would witness a rare celestial event on Monday (June 3), with six planets appearing in alignment. However, NASA has been quick to debunk these claims and provided a more accurate picture of what to expect in the night sky in June. The initial reports claimed that Mercury, Mars, Neptune, Jupiter, Saturn and Uranus would take part in a "planet parade," a phenomenon where planets align on the same side of the sun. NASA, in a note titled "Planet Parade," addressed these misconceptions. "Some online sources have shared excitement about a 'parade of planets' visible in the morning sky in early June (June 3 in particular)," NASA stated. "In reality, only two of the six planets supposedly on display (Saturn and Mars) will actually be visible." Also Read | A group of mammals suddenly disappeared 50,000 years ago. Ancient bone collagen might tell why NASA explained that during "early June, Jupiter and Mercury will be at or below the horizon during morning twilight and therefore not visible to the naked eye." In addition to this, the space agency also said that Uranus and Neptune are too faint to be seen without a telescope. "The closest thing to a planet parade will be June 29, when Saturn, the Moon, Mars, and Jupiter will line up across the morning sky. This arrangement persists into July, and we'll talk more about that lineup," NASA added. Plenty of other celestial event While the anticipated six-planet alignment won't occur, there are still plenty of exciting celestial events to look forward to in June. Saturn and Mars will be visible in the early morning hours throughout the month, and they will be joined by Jupiter later in June. On June 2, just before sunrise, Mars will be visible just beneath the crescent Moon, with Saturn nearby. The crescent Moon will sit beneath Mars in the morning twilight on June 3. Also Read | Kids more likely to trust robots than humans, reveals study The new moon will occur on June 6, and the full moon on June 21. By the final week of June, Jupiter will become visible low in the east before sunrise. "Look for the bright planet around 10 degrees above the horizon this final week of June, forming a line with Mars and Saturn that stretches toward the south," as per the space agency. Watch | Satellite to study how clouds affect climate × On June 27, the Moon will rise in the east with Saturn around midnight, and by dawn, they will be high in the southern sky. They will appear close enough to be seen together through binoculars. (With inputs from agencies)

NASA debunks reports of ‘planetary parade’, gives list of celestial events for June

To understand the extinction of North America’s megafauna, scientists have used a newly developed biomolecular method, Zooarchaeology by Mass Spectrometry (ZooMS) to study the disappearance of mammals that happened 50,000 years ago.

ZooMS allows scientists to study ancient bone collagen and proteins that can be preserved for years. By examining the minute variations in collagen sequences among several species, ZooMS can generate a molecular barcode that facilitates the identification of bone fragments that would otherwise remain unidentified.

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<h2>History&nbsp;</h2>

 
50,000 years ago, North America was the land of Mammoths, Mastodons and sabre-toothed tigers. However, as the last phase of the ice age approached, these mammals vanquished from Earth, leaving behind a mystery to be unfolded by scientists.

<h2>Challenges faced while uncovering the mystery</h2>

 
To study the extinction of megafauna from the face of Earth, it is imperative that scientists study the bones that have been preserved.

Unfortunately, it is not as simple as it sounds. There is an array of obstacles in the way, one of them being inadequate preservation techniques followed by sites.

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/intermediate-mass-black-holes-have-a-birthing-nest-in-cosmic-world-suggests-study-727527">Intermediate-mass black holes have a 'birthing nest' in cosmic world, suggests study</a>

With the bones being worn down into smaller, unrecognisable fragments by exposure, abrasion, breakage, and biomolecular decomposition it becomes difficult for researchers to draw accurate results.

<h2>The way forward</h2>

 
Scientists turned to the Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History in Washington, DC to study the extinction of large mammals from North America.

However, a considerable amount of remains preserved by the museum were unrecognisable, proving to be insufficient for researchers to study the extinction in detail.

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This is when the revolutionary technique, ZooMS came into play. The researchers used this approach to analyse five archaeological sites in Colorado that date to the Late Pleistocene/earliest Holocene period or earlier.

The results obtained via this method were quite promising. 80% of the bone samples had sufficient collagen for ZooMS identifications and 73% were identifiable to a genus level. Bison, Mammuthus (mammoths), Camelidae (the family of camels), and potentially Mammut (mastodons) were among the taxa that ZooMS was able to identify.

ZooMS has opened up a new realm of opportunities for research by providing a cheap and rapid way to extract essential information from fragmented bone samples to understand the extinction of megafauna that happened in North America 50,000 years ago.

(With inputs from agencies)&nbsp;
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To understand the extinction of North America’s megafauna, scientists have used a newly developed biomolecular method, Zooarchaeology by Mass Spectrometry (ZooMS) to study the disappearance of mammals that happened 50,000 years ago.

To understand the extinction of North America’s megafauna, scientists have used a newly developed biomolecular method, Zooarchaeology by Mass Spectrometry (ZooMS) to study the disappearance of mammals that happened 50,000 years ago. ZooMS allows scientists to study ancient bone collagen and proteins that can be preserved for years. By examining the minute variations in collagen sequences among several species, ZooMS can generate a molecular barcode that facilitates the identification of bone fragments that would otherwise remain unidentified. Also read | AI on the hunt to find 'world's loneliest' plant a partner History 50,000 years ago, North America was the land of Mammoths, Mastodons and sabre-toothed tigers. However, as the last phase of the ice age approached, these mammals vanquished from Earth, leaving behind a mystery to be unfolded by scientists. Challenges faced while uncovering the mystery To study the extinction of megafauna from the face of Earth, it is imperative that scientists study the bones that have been preserved. Unfortunately, it is not as simple as it sounds. There is an array of obstacles in the way, one of them being inadequate preservation techniques followed by sites. Also read | Intermediate-mass black holes have a 'birthing nest' in cosmic world, suggests study With the bones being worn down into smaller, unrecognisable fragments by exposure, abrasion, breakage, and biomolecular decomposition it becomes difficult for researchers to draw accurate results. The way forward Scientists turned to the Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History in Washington, DC to study the extinction of large mammals from North America. However, a considerable amount of remains preserved by the museum were unrecognisable, proving to be insufficient for researchers to study the extinction in detail. Watch | Wall Street's rich bet on Trump This is when the revolutionary technique, ZooMS came into play. The researchers used this approach to analyse five archaeological sites in Colorado that date to the Late Pleistocene/earliest Holocene period or earlier. The results obtained via this method were quite promising. 80% of the bone samples had sufficient collagen for ZooMS identifications and 73% were identifiable to a genus level. Bison, Mammuthus (mammoths), Camelidae (the family of camels), and potentially Mammut (mastodons) were among the taxa that ZooMS was able to identify. ZooMS has opened up a new realm of opportunities for research by providing a cheap and rapid way to extract essential information from fragmented bone samples to understand the extinction of megafauna that happened in North America 50,000 years ago. (With inputs from agencies)

A group of mammals suddenly disappeared 50,000 years ago. Ancient bone collagen might tell why

Artificial intelligence (AI) is being used to search a female partner for an endangered male plant, known as the ‘world's loneliest plant’,

E. woodii is a member of the cycads, the oldest existing seed-bearing plant&nbsp;on Earth – they even pre-date the dinosaurs.&nbsp;

This species is sadly extinct in the wild, with the last one found in Ngoye Forest, South Africa.

However, it is managed not to go completely extinct because of continued propagation in botanical gardens. 
Scientists are willing to build up the population again through natural reproduction, but the problem they are facing is that no one’s ever found a female plant.

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A team of researchers have taken to search the Ngoye Forest, which has never been completely explored before, in order to find a female partner.

Despite the drone's advanced multispectral camera, searching the vast 10,000-acre forest remains a daunting task. A recent survey of only 195 acres yielded a staggering 15,780 images, hinting at the immense amount of data to be processed.

That’s a lot of pictures to go through, so the team has been analysing them with the help of AI.

“With AI, we are using an image recognition algorithm in order to recognise plants by shape,” explained Dr Laura Cinti, who is leading the project.

“We have generated images of plants and put them in different ecological settings, to train the model to recognise them,” she added.

A female plant hasn't&nbsp;been found yet, although less than two percent of the forest has been searched – researchers are currently exploring the possibility of changing the sex of a male plant.

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“There have been reports of sex change in other cycad species due to sudden environmental changes such as temperature, so we are hopeful we can induce sex change in the E. woodii too,” said Dr Cinti.

“I was very inspired by the story of the E. woodii, it mirrors a classic tale of unrequited love,

“I’m confident there is a female out there somewhere, after all there must have been at one time. It would be wonderful to bring this plant so close to extinction back through natural reproduction,” Dr Cinti added.

(With inputs from agencies)

Artificial intelligence (AI) is being used to search a female partner for an endangered male plant, known as the ‘world's loneliest plant’, E. woodii is a member of the cycads, the oldest existing seed-bearing plant on Earth – they even pre-date the dinosaurs.

Artificial intelligence (AI) is being used to search a female partner for an endangered male plant, known as the ‘world's loneliest plant’, E. woodii is a member of the cycads, the oldest existing seed-bearing plant on Earth – they even pre-date the dinosaurs. This species is sadly extinct in the wild, with the last one found in Ngoye Forest, South Africa. However, it is managed not to go completely extinct because of continued propagation in botanical gardens. Scientists are willing to build up the population again through natural reproduction, but the problem they are facing is that no one’s ever found a female plant. Also read: Humanity's only Venus mission in turmoil: Japan's Akatsuki probe vanishes on alien planet A team of researchers have taken to search the Ngoye Forest, which has never been completely explored before, in order to find a female partner. Despite the drone's advanced multispectral camera, searching the vast 10,000-acre forest remains a daunting task. A recent survey of only 195 acres yielded a staggering 15,780 images, hinting at the immense amount of data to be processed. That’s a lot of pictures to go through, so the team has been analysing them with the help of AI. “With AI, we are using an image recognition algorithm in order to recognise plants by shape,” explained Dr Laura Cinti, who is leading the project. “We have generated images of plants and put them in different ecological settings, to train the model to recognise them,” she added. A female plant hasn't been found yet, although less than two percent of the forest has been searched – researchers are currently exploring the possibility of changing the sex of a male plant. Also read: James Webb telescope discovers two earliest, most distant galaxies in known universe “There have been reports of sex change in other cycad species due to sudden environmental changes such as temperature, so we are hopeful we can induce sex change in the E. woodii too,” said Dr Cinti. “I was very inspired by the story of the E. woodii, it mirrors a classic tale of unrequited love, “I’m confident there is a female out there somewhere, after all there must have been at one time. It would be wonderful to bring this plant so close to extinction back through natural reproduction,” Dr Cinti added. (With inputs from agencies)

'World's loneliest' plant needs a partner, and AI is on duty to find one

Scientists have found magnetic fields in three massive, hot stars in the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds. Similar magnetic stars have already been discovered in our galaxy, but the observation was made for the first time in our neighbouring galaxies.&nbsp;

Notably, the previous attempts to discover magnetic fields in big stars beyond our galaxy were unsuccessful and these metrics are complicated and depend on a variety of circumstances.

Why is it important? Well, the findings of the research, published in the journal <a href="https://www.aanda.org/articles/aa/full_html/2024/06/aa49793-24/aa49793-24.html">Astronomy &amp; Astrophysics</a>, provide an opportunity to investigate actively forming stars as well as the maximum mass that a star can have while remaining stable.&nbsp;

Also read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/jwst-discovers-two-earliest-most-distant-galaxies-in-known-universe-727337">James Webb telescope discovers two earliest, most distant galaxies in known universe</a>&nbsp;

Magnetism is seen as a critical component in the evolution of large stars.&nbsp;It has&nbsp;far-reaching implications for their eventual fate.&nbsp;The research said that such objects with an initial mass more than eight solar masses evolve into neutron stars and black holes when their lives end.&nbsp;

Dr Swetlana Hubrig, from the Leibniz Institute for Astrophysics Potsdam (AIP) and first author of the study said, "Studies of magnetic fields in massive stars in galaxies with young stellar populations provide crucial information on the role of magnetic fields in star formation in the early universe with star-forming gas not polluted by metals."&nbsp;

Also read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/japans-venus-mission-in-turmoil-akatsuki-probe-vanishes-on-alien-planet-727281">Humanity's only Venus mission in turmoil: Japan's Akatsuki probe vanishes on alien planet</a>&nbsp;

"The method is extremely hungry for photons. This is a special challenge because even the brightest massive stars, which have more than eight solar masses, are relatively light-poor when observed in our neighboring galaxies, the Large and the Small Magellanic Clouds," Dr Silva Järvinen from the AIP said.&nbsp;

Scientists have found magnetic fields in three massive, hot stars in the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds. Similar magnetic stars have already been discovered in our galaxy, but the observation was made for the first time in our neighbouring galaxies.

Scientists have found magnetic fields in three massive, hot stars in the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds. Similar magnetic stars have already been discovered in our galaxy, but the observation was made for the first time in our neighbouring galaxies. Notably, the previous attempts to discover magnetic fields in big stars beyond our galaxy were unsuccessful and these metrics are complicated and depend on a variety of circumstances. Why is it important? Well, the findings of the research, published in the journal Astronomy & Astrophysics, provide an opportunity to investigate actively forming stars as well as the maximum mass that a star can have while remaining stable. Also read: James Webb telescope discovers two earliest, most distant galaxies in known universe Magnetism is seen as a critical component in the evolution of large stars. It has far-reaching implications for their eventual fate. The research said that such objects with an initial mass more than eight solar masses evolve into neutron stars and black holes when their lives end. Dr Swetlana Hubrig, from the Leibniz Institute for Astrophysics Potsdam (AIP) and first author of the study said, "Studies of magnetic fields in massive stars in galaxies with young stellar populations provide crucial information on the role of magnetic fields in star formation in the early universe with star-forming gas not polluted by metals." Also read: Humanity's only Venus mission in turmoil: Japan's Akatsuki probe vanishes on alien planet "The method is extremely hungry for photons. This is a special challenge because even the brightest massive stars, which have more than eight solar masses, are relatively light-poor when observed in our neighboring galaxies, the Large and the Small Magellanic Clouds," Dr Silva Järvinen from the AIP said.

Scientists detect massive magnetic stars in neighbouring galaxies for the first time

A man with advanced liver cancer received the first liver transplant&nbsp;from a pig in history. The guy was given a liver transplant from a pig that had had&nbsp;its genes altered, according to Chinese doctors.

This is being&nbsp;considered a turning point in the xenotransplantation procedure, which involves transplanting animal&nbsp;organs into humans. On May 24, Anhui Medical University's First Affiliated Hospital posted on WeChat that a 71-year-old man suffering from liver cancer had gotten the organ on May 17.

The patient "was able to walk freely, no hyper-acute or acute rejection reactions were found, the coagulation system was not impaired, and liver function had returned to normal," according to a statement from the university,&nbsp;reported by the South China Morning Post.&nbsp;

Ten gene modifications were included in the 514-gram liver of the pig to stop organ rejection and malfunction. After it was determined that the patient's left lobe of the liver was failing to function normally on its own and was not improving with conventional therapies, the patient had a liver transplant from a pig.

Also read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/trending/stegosaurus-fossil-named-apex-may-fetch-6-million-at-sothebys-geek-week-auction-727069">Stegosaurus fossil named 'Apex' may fetch $6 million at Sotheby’s Geek Week auction</a>

About 200 milliliters of golden bile are secreted daily from the transplanted pig liver, according to hospital head Sun Beicheng, as reported by People's Daily.

The first gene-edited pig liver was transplanted into a patient who had experienced brain death in March by a Chinese team from Air Force Medical University, marking another significant surgical accomplishment.

Additionally in March, a US patient became the first person globally to receive a kidney transplant from a gene-modified pig—a technique that was previously limited to patients who were clinically dead.&nbsp;

Even though the patient passed away in May, Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston reported that the man's death was not related to the transplant.

(With inputs from agencies)

A man with advanced liver cancer received the first liver transplant from a pig in history. The guy was given a liver transplant from a pig that had had its genes altered, according to Chinese doctors.

A man with advanced liver cancer received the first liver transplant from a pig in history. The guy was given a liver transplant from a pig that had had its genes altered, according to Chinese doctors. This is being considered a turning point in the xenotransplantation procedure, which involves transplanting animal organs into humans. On May 24, Anhui Medical University's First Affiliated Hospital posted on WeChat that a 71-year-old man suffering from liver cancer had gotten the organ on May 17. The patient "was able to walk freely, no hyper-acute or acute rejection reactions were found, the coagulation system was not impaired, and liver function had returned to normal," according to a statement from the university, reported by the South China Morning Post. Ten gene modifications were included in the 514-gram liver of the pig to stop organ rejection and malfunction. After it was determined that the patient's left lobe of the liver was failing to function normally on its own and was not improving with conventional therapies, the patient had a liver transplant from a pig. Also read: Stegosaurus fossil named 'Apex' may fetch $6 million at Sotheby’s Geek Week auction About 200 milliliters of golden bile are secreted daily from the transplanted pig liver, according to hospital head Sun Beicheng, as reported by People's Daily. The first gene-edited pig liver was transplanted into a patient who had experienced brain death in March by a Chinese team from Air Force Medical University, marking another significant surgical accomplishment. Additionally in March, a US patient became the first person globally to receive a kidney transplant from a gene-modified pig—a technique that was previously limited to patients who were clinically dead. Even though the patient passed away in May, Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston reported that the man's death was not related to the transplant. (With inputs from agencies)

Historic milestone: Man receives world's first gene-edited pig liver transplant

A mysterious hole was captured on the surface of Mars by the High-Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) camera of NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) which left scientists wondering what lies beneath it.

The mysterious hole is located in the Arsia Mons region and has raised several questions regarding its origin and what it must be hiding.&nbsp;

Arsia Mons is among the trio of dormant volcanoes which clearly hints at the area having a history of volcanic activities. The pit is just a few meters across and is located in the Arsia Mons region of Mars.&nbsp;

<h2>Here's what scientists have speculated about the Martian hole</h2>

Amongst various speculations, one of the main theories suggest that the hole can be a skylight into an underground lava tube. This theory has been built on the fact that similar formations have been seen on Earth in volcanic regions like Hawaii.

Also Read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/heres-how-nasa-is-planning-to-reach-mars-from-earth-in-months-726183">Here's how NASA is planning to reduce travel time between Mars and Earth</a>

Such types of skylights are formed when a lava tube's roof collapses and creates an opening. If what is being speculated is actually the reality, then lava tubes can become natural shelters for future astronauts, while giving them protection from harsh surface conditions like radiation, temperature extremes, and dust storms.

It is likely that the lava tubes created on the Martian surface are more extensive because of the lower gravity of the planet which offers large and stable environments that is suitable for long-term habitation.&nbsp;

There is also a possibility that the hole is just a pit which has been formed by tectonic or volcanic processes. Such pits are commonly found on Earth and are created after the ground, which is above a void created by volcanic activity, collapses.

However, scientists have till now not determined what is the exact nature of the mysterious hole on the Martian surface.&nbsp;

<h2>Lava tube - a habitat of aliens?</h2>

It is important to understand the nature of such formations on the surface of Mars for future human exploration.&nbsp;

If the hole actually goes to a lava tube then it has the possibility of becoming an ideal habitable zone.&nbsp;

Watch:&nbsp;Gravitas: Cosmic hello from 226 million kilometres

<div class="videoWrapper trancodeVideo"><iframe allowfullscreen="" autoplay="1" class="includeVideo" frameborder="0" height="350" src="https://www.wionews.com/videos/gravitas-cosmic-hello-from-226-million-kilometres-717498/embed" style="width:100%;max-width:560px;" width="560"></iframe></div>

Lava tubes have a stable environment which can shelter inhabitants from the extreme conditions of the planet.

Since there is lower gravity on Mars, there is a chance that the lava tubes are much larger on the Red Planet in comparison to Earth.&nbsp;

This makes these lava tubes more suitable for human habitation. Larger lava tubes are likely to give expansive and stable environments which can be best for constructing permanent bases.

They can also provide suitable environments for agriculture and even support life&nbsp;systems which are important for long-term human presence on Mars.

(With inputs from agencies)

A mysterious hole was captured on the surface of Mars by the High-Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) camera of NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) which left scientists wondering what lies beneath it.

A mysterious hole was captured on the surface of Mars by the High-Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) camera of NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) which left scientists wondering what lies beneath it. The mysterious hole is located in the Arsia Mons region and has raised several questions regarding its origin and what it must be hiding. Arsia Mons is among the trio of dormant volcanoes which clearly hints at the area having a history of volcanic activities. The pit is just a few meters across and is located in the Arsia Mons region of Mars. Here's what scientists have speculated about the Martian hole Amongst various speculations, one of the main theories suggest that the hole can be a skylight into an underground lava tube. This theory has been built on the fact that similar formations have been seen on Earth in volcanic regions like Hawaii. Also Read: Here's how NASA is planning to reduce travel time between Mars and Earth Such types of skylights are formed when a lava tube's roof collapses and creates an opening. If what is being speculated is actually the reality, then lava tubes can become natural shelters for future astronauts, while giving them protection from harsh surface conditions like radiation, temperature extremes, and dust storms. It is likely that the lava tubes created on the Martian surface are more extensive because of the lower gravity of the planet which offers large and stable environments that is suitable for long-term habitation. There is also a possibility that the hole is just a pit which has been formed by tectonic or volcanic processes. Such pits are commonly found on Earth and are created after the ground, which is above a void created by volcanic activity, collapses. However, scientists have till now not determined what is the exact nature of the mysterious hole on the Martian surface. Lava tube - a habitat of aliens? It is important to understand the nature of such formations on the surface of Mars for future human exploration. If the hole actually goes to a lava tube then it has the possibility of becoming an ideal habitable zone. Watch: Gravitas: Cosmic hello from 226 million kilometres Lava tubes have a stable environment which can shelter inhabitants from the extreme conditions of the planet. Since there is lower gravity on Mars, there is a chance that the lava tubes are much larger on the Red Planet in comparison to Earth. This makes these lava tubes more suitable for human habitation. Larger lava tubes are likely to give expansive and stable environments which can be best for constructing permanent bases. They can also provide suitable environments for agriculture and even support life systems which are important for long-term human presence on Mars. (With inputs from agencies)

Mysterious hole appears on surface of Mars. What's hiding in there? Aliens?

Japan has lost contact with humanity's only active probe on the planet Venus, called Akatsuki or 'Dawn'.&nbsp;

The Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) mission account for Akatsuki on Wednesday (May 29) took to X to announce that the Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS) lost contact with the spacecraft after an operation in late April.&nbsp;

ISAS "lost contact with Akatsuki after an operation in late April due to an extended period of low attitude stability control mode, and is currently making efforts to reestablish communication with the spacecraft," it said.

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Efforts, it said, are currently underway to reestablish contact with Akatsuki. This, as per space.com requires maintaining a stable orientation to point its antenna towards Earth.

<h2>What happens next?</h2>

A subsequent post from the Akatsuki team expressed gratitude for the public's support and promised updates on future plans once they are determined.

"We will inform you about future plans once they are fixed. Thank you for your warm support," it said.

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[From the Akatsuki team](2/2) 
We will inform you about future plans once they are fixed. Thank you for your warm support.
— 「あかつき」チーム (@Akatsuki_JAXA) <a href="https://twitter.com/Akatsuki_JAXA/status/1795713278997586344?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">May 29, 2024</a></blockquote>
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<h2>The Akatsuki probe</h2>

Akatsuki, which translates to "dawn" in Japanese, as per the report, has already surpassed its primary mission objectives. The spacecraft began its extended operational phase in 2018.&nbsp;

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/mysterious-hole-appears-on-surface-of-mars-whats-hiding-in-there-aliens-727237">Mysterious hole appears on surface of Mars. What's hiding in there? Aliens?</a>

Even if attempts to rescue Akatsuki fail, the mission has already significantly contributed to humanity's understanding of Venus' climate and atmospheric dynamics. It has also demonstrated the problem-solving capabilities of JAXA engineers.

In any case, even if Akatsuki is deemed irretrievable, the planet Venus will not remain unobserved for long.&nbsp;

Curiosity over Earth's sister planet's extreme greenhouse effect — which makes it the hottest planet in the solar system — and the intriguing potential biomarkers detected in its atmosphere, have sparked renewed scientific interest.&nbsp;

Already, NASA, the European Space Agency, India, and a private venture have announced future missions to explore Venus and continuing the quest to unravel its mysteries later in the decade.

(With inputs from agencies)

Japan has lost contact with humanity's only active probe on the planet Venus, called Akatsuki or 'Dawn'. The Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) mission account for Akatsuki on Wednesday (May 29) took to X to announce that the Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS) lost contact with the spacecraft after an operation in late April.

Japan has lost contact with humanity's only active probe on the planet Venus, called Akatsuki or 'Dawn'. The Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) mission account for Akatsuki on Wednesday (May 29) took to X to announce that the Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS) lost contact with the spacecraft after an operation in late April. ISAS "lost contact with Akatsuki after an operation in late April due to an extended period of low attitude stability control mode, and is currently making efforts to reestablish communication with the spacecraft," it said. Also read | Your child's 'goo-goo-ga-ga' is not nonsense babble, but serves THIS purpose Efforts, it said, are currently underway to reestablish contact with Akatsuki. This, as per space.com requires maintaining a stable orientation to point its antenna towards Earth. What happens next? A subsequent post from the Akatsuki team expressed gratitude for the public's support and promised updates on future plans once they are determined. "We will inform you about future plans once they are fixed. Thank you for your warm support," it said. [From the Akatsuki team](2/2) We will inform you about future plans once they are fixed. Thank you for your warm support. — 「あかつき」チーム (@Akatsuki_JAXA) May 29, 2024 × The Akatsuki probe Akatsuki, which translates to "dawn" in Japanese, as per the report, has already surpassed its primary mission objectives. The spacecraft began its extended operational phase in 2018. Also read | Mysterious hole appears on surface of Mars. What's hiding in there? Aliens? Even if attempts to rescue Akatsuki fail, the mission has already significantly contributed to humanity's understanding of Venus' climate and atmospheric dynamics. It has also demonstrated the problem-solving capabilities of JAXA engineers. In any case, even if Akatsuki is deemed irretrievable, the planet Venus will not remain unobserved for long. Curiosity over Earth's sister planet's extreme greenhouse effect — which makes it the hottest planet in the solar system — and the intriguing potential biomarkers detected in its atmosphere, have sparked renewed scientific interest. Already, NASA, the European Space Agency, India, and a private venture have announced future missions to explore Venus and continuing the quest to unravel its mysteries later in the decade. (With inputs from agencies)

Humanity's only Venus mission in turmoil: Japan's Akatsuki probe vanishes on alien planet

In a rare discovery, researchers have discovered the fossils of a completely new dinosaur species on the shoreline of Lake Kariba in Zimbabwe.

This rare find, which has been named Musankwa Sanyatiensis, is the fourth dinosaur species found in Zimbabwe. The research regarding this find has been published in&nbsp;Acta Palaeontologica Polonica.

An international team comprising scientists from Stony Brook University in New York, the Natural History Museum of Zimbabwe and the University of the Witwatersrand (Wits) in South Africa and headed by the Natural History Museum's Prof Paul Barrett conducted the study in London.

Musankwa Sanyatiensis has emerged as an important discovery since it is the first dinosaur which has been named from the Mid-Zambezi Basin of northern Zimbabwe in the last 50 years.

Also Read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/ancient-fossil-shows-birds-are-officially-dinosaurs-718968">Ancient fossil shows birds are officially dinosaurs</a>

The rocks which yielded this new specimen of dinosaur go back to the Late Triassic period, which was nearly 210 million years ago.

<h2>What does the fossil of Musankwa Sanyatiensis tell us about this species?</h2>

The remains of Musankwa Sanyatiensis included a single hind leg, including its thigh, shin, and ankle bones.

Assistant professor at Stony Brook University Dr. Kimberley "Kimi" Chapelle said, "Despite the limited fossil material, these bones possess unique features that distinguish them from those of other dinosaurs living at the same time."

In the evolutionary analysis, it was revealed that Musankwa Sanyatiensis was a member of the Sauropodomorpha, which is a group of long-necked, bipedal dinosaurs that were widespread in the Late Triassic.&nbsp;

This species, interestingly, appeared to be closely related to its contemporaries in Argentina and South Africa.&nbsp;

Musankwa Sanyatiensis was one of the largest dinosaurs of its era. It weighed around 390 kg and ate plants.

The discovery of the new species also emphasises on the region's untapped potential for further paleontological discoveries.&nbsp;

Watch:&nbsp;Scientists predict Atlantic Hurricane

<div class="videoWrapper trancodeVideo"><iframe allowfullscreen="" autoplay="1" class="includeVideo" frameborder="0" height="350" src="https://www.wionews.com/videos/scientists-predict-atlantic-hurricane-724904/embed" style="width:100%;max-width:560px;" width="560"></iframe></div>

"The main reason for the underrepresentation of African dinosaur fossils is 'undersampling. Put simply, there have been fewer people looking for and unearthing dinosaurs in comparison with other regions of the world," said Barrett, as reported by phys.org.&nbsp;

"Over the last six years, many new fossil sites have been recorded in Zimbabwe, yielding a diverse array of prehistoric animals, including the first sub-Saharan mainland African phytosaurs (ancient crocodile-like reptiles), metoposaurid amphibians (giant armoured amphibians), lungfish, and other reptile remains," he added.

With the excavation of more fossil sites, the hope of making significant finds has increased which researchers believe will shed light on dinosaurs' early evolution and the ecosystems they lived in.

"Based on where it sits on the dinosaur family tree, Musanwka Sanyantiensis is the first dinosaur of its kind from Zimbabwe. It, therefore, highlights the potential of the region for further paleontological discoveries," Dr Chapelle said.

(With inputs from agencies)

In a rare discovery, researchers have discovered the fossils of a completely new dinosaur species on the shoreline of Lake Kariba in Zimbabwe. This rare find, which has been named Musankwa Sanyatiensis, is the fourth dinosaur species found in Zimbabwe.

In a rare discovery, researchers have discovered the fossils of a completely new dinosaur species on the shoreline of Lake Kariba in Zimbabwe. This rare find, which has been named Musankwa Sanyatiensis, is the fourth dinosaur species found in Zimbabwe. The research regarding this find has been published in Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. An international team comprising scientists from Stony Brook University in New York, the Natural History Museum of Zimbabwe and the University of the Witwatersrand (Wits) in South Africa and headed by the Natural History Museum's Prof Paul Barrett conducted the study in London. Musankwa Sanyatiensis has emerged as an important discovery since it is the first dinosaur which has been named from the Mid-Zambezi Basin of northern Zimbabwe in the last 50 years. Also Read: Ancient fossil shows birds are officially dinosaurs The rocks which yielded this new specimen of dinosaur go back to the Late Triassic period, which was nearly 210 million years ago. What does the fossil of Musankwa Sanyatiensis tell us about this species? The remains of Musankwa Sanyatiensis included a single hind leg, including its thigh, shin, and ankle bones. Assistant professor at Stony Brook University Dr. Kimberley "Kimi" Chapelle said, "Despite the limited fossil material, these bones possess unique features that distinguish them from those of other dinosaurs living at the same time." In the evolutionary analysis, it was revealed that Musankwa Sanyatiensis was a member of the Sauropodomorpha, which is a group of long-necked, bipedal dinosaurs that were widespread in the Late Triassic. This species, interestingly, appeared to be closely related to its contemporaries in Argentina and South Africa. Musankwa Sanyatiensis was one of the largest dinosaurs of its era. It weighed around 390 kg and ate plants. The discovery of the new species also emphasises on the region's untapped potential for further paleontological discoveries. Watch: Scientists predict Atlantic Hurricane "The main reason for the underrepresentation of African dinosaur fossils is 'undersampling. Put simply, there have been fewer people looking for and unearthing dinosaurs in comparison with other regions of the world," said Barrett, as reported by phys.org. "Over the last six years, many new fossil sites have been recorded in Zimbabwe, yielding a diverse array of prehistoric animals, including the first sub-Saharan mainland African phytosaurs (ancient crocodile-like reptiles), metoposaurid amphibians (giant armoured amphibians), lungfish, and other reptile remains," he added. With the excavation of more fossil sites, the hope of making significant finds has increased which researchers believe will shed light on dinosaurs' early evolution and the ecosystems they lived in. "Based on where it sits on the dinosaur family tree, Musanwka Sanyantiensis is the first dinosaur of its kind from Zimbabwe. It, therefore, highlights the potential of the region for further paleontological discoveries," Dr Chapelle said. (With inputs from agencies)

This unknown dinosaur species lived in Zimbabwe. Here's what its fossils tell us about predators

The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) has discovered what appears to be the two earliest, most distant galaxies in the known universe. These galaxies date back to just 300 million years after the Big Bang, LiveScience reported on Friday (May 31), citing a research paper.

The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) has discovered what appears to be the two earliest, most distant galaxies in the known universe. These galaxies date back to just 300 million years after the Big Bang, LiveScience reported on Friday (May 31), citing a research paper. This galaxy duo broke the records set by another pair of galaxies discovered by the JWST in 2023, which date back to roughly 330 million years after the birth of the universe. Researchers spotted the galaxies in a region of space known as the Hubble Ultra Deep Field. A look at the ancient galaxies The galaxies have been named JADES-GS-z14-0 and JADES-GS-z14-1. LiveScience reported that both galaxies were also unusually large for such an early time in cosmic history. Also read | JWST spots two monster black holes that can challenge understanding of universe The latest discovery adds to a mounting pile of evidence that the earliest galaxies in the universe grew up much faster than leading theories of cosmology predict to be possible. "It is stunning that the Universe can make such a galaxy in only 300 million years," Professor Stefano Carniani from the Scuola Normale Superiore said in a statement. The larger of the two galaxies JADES-GS-z14-0 is larger than JADES-GS-z14-1. Researchers said that the impressive size and brightness of JADES-GS-z14-0 is likely being fuelled by young and actively forming stars, rather than a supermassive black hole. The team also noted that JWST could have detected the galaxy even if its light was 10 times fainter than what was observed. (With inputs from agencies)

James Webb telescope discovers two earliest, most distant galaxies in known universe

Asteroid Dinkinesh, the first cosmic site of NASA's Lucy spacecraft is full of surprises that have left scientists spellbound once again.&nbsp;

Earlier it was found that Dinkinesh, also called "Dinky" sometimes, is actually a binary unit made of two moons, the other one being a tiny shadow of Dinky. This tiny natural satellite was named Selam by NASA's Lucy mission team.

Now, in another revelation, it has been found that Selam isn’t a single moon, as analysed by Lucy mission experts. In other words, Selam is the first contact-binary-asteroid-moon situation. Crazy, right?

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The analysis of Lucy's observations of Dinkinesh and Selam was published in Nature Wednesday.&nbsp;

<h2>Asteroid Dinky's binary Selam is itself a binary unit!&nbsp;</h2>

Dinky's binary Selam appears to be two objects, or lobes, which are in close contact with each other. They are of similar size- one lobe is about 230 yards (210 meters) across and the other is 250 yards (230 meters) across.&nbsp;

Selam is tidally locked to Dinkinesh, meaning one lobe permanently remains closest to the larger asteroid.&nbsp;

Take a look at the new image of Asteroid Dinky by NASA's Lucy spacecraft.
<img alt="Asteroid Dinky with three space rocks" data-align="center" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="19ed76cd-320f-45f3-bd68-45b900457f37" src="//cdn.wionews.com/sites/default/files/inline-images/F-W4WAIXEAAgJoQ.jpg" />
“There’s a lot more complexity in these small bodies than we originally thought,” says University of Maryland astrogeologist Jessica Sunshine.

“With the additional observations taken by the spacecraft, we were able to better analyse features such as Dinkinesh’s rotation speed and Selam’s orbit pattern.”

The larger asteroid of the three space rocks, Dinkinesh has a strange large trough that runs longitudinally around it, according to a team led by the mission's principal investigator, Hal Levison of the South-west Research Institute in Boulder, Colorado.

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It also has an equatorial ridge that is overlaid on top of that trough and wraps around its rotational axis. Levison's team explains that these features are the result of a massive structural calamity.

The resulting centrifugal force on Dinkinesh then caused some material to lift off the surface of the spinning asteroid, scientists have now learned. That material then settled into a ring of debris around the asteroid's equator.&nbsp;

Some of the material spun off from Dinkinesh fell back onto the asteroid, forming the equatorial ridge on it, while the rest came together to form two satellites.&nbsp;

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The likeness of the size of the two lobes intrigues Levison as he wonders whether this is telling something more about the process of formation of the satellite.&nbsp;

Regardless of the mystery, once the two halves of Selam were formed, they must have edged closer and closer together, moving at very low relative velocity, until they were very close. From there, gravity played its role to hold them together.

Had these lobes touched with a higher relative velocity, they would have either become smushed together to form just a single lobe, or, more likely, smashed each other apart.&nbsp;

(With inputs from agencies)

Asteroid Dinkinesh, the first cosmic site of NASA's Lucy spacecraft is full of surprises that have left scientists spellbound once again. Earlier it was found that Dinkinesh, also called "Dinky" sometimes, is actually a binary unit made of two moons, the other one being a tiny shadow of Dinky.

Asteroid Dinkinesh, the first cosmic site of NASA's Lucy spacecraft is full of surprises that have left scientists spellbound once again. Earlier it was found that Dinkinesh, also called "Dinky" sometimes, is actually a binary unit made of two moons, the other one being a tiny shadow of Dinky. This tiny natural satellite was named Selam by NASA's Lucy mission team. Now, in another revelation, it has been found that Selam isn’t a single moon, as analysed by Lucy mission experts. In other words, Selam is the first contact-binary-asteroid-moon situation. Crazy, right? Also Read | Got yourself tattooed? Study says it may lead to increased risk of cancer The analysis of Lucy's observations of Dinkinesh and Selam was published in Nature Wednesday. Asteroid Dinky's binary Selam is itself a binary unit! Dinky's binary Selam appears to be two objects, or lobes, which are in close contact with each other. They are of similar size- one lobe is about 230 yards (210 meters) across and the other is 250 yards (230 meters) across. Selam is tidally locked to Dinkinesh, meaning one lobe permanently remains closest to the larger asteroid. Take a look at the new image of Asteroid Dinky by NASA's Lucy spacecraft. “There’s a lot more complexity in these small bodies than we originally thought,” says University of Maryland astrogeologist Jessica Sunshine. “With the additional observations taken by the spacecraft, we were able to better analyse features such as Dinkinesh’s rotation speed and Selam’s orbit pattern.” The larger asteroid of the three space rocks, Dinkinesh has a strange large trough that runs longitudinally around it, according to a team led by the mission's principal investigator, Hal Levison of the South-west Research Institute in Boulder, Colorado. Also Read | China’s secret spaceplane ejects mysterious object into Earth’s orbit. US hunts it down It also has an equatorial ridge that is overlaid on top of that trough and wraps around its rotational axis. Levison's team explains that these features are the result of a massive structural calamity. The resulting centrifugal force on Dinkinesh then caused some material to lift off the surface of the spinning asteroid, scientists have now learned. That material then settled into a ring of debris around the asteroid's equator. Some of the material spun off from Dinkinesh fell back onto the asteroid, forming the equatorial ridge on it, while the rest came together to form two satellites. Also Read | High levels of ‘forever chemicals’ found in water sources near Bangladesh garment factories can cause cancer The likeness of the size of the two lobes intrigues Levison as he wonders whether this is telling something more about the process of formation of the satellite. Regardless of the mystery, once the two halves of Selam were formed, they must have edged closer and closer together, moving at very low relative velocity, until they were very close. From there, gravity played its role to hold them together. Had these lobes touched with a higher relative velocity, they would have either become smushed together to form just a single lobe, or, more likely, smashed each other apart. (With inputs from agencies)

Crazy surprise! Asteroid 'Dinky' is not binary but a group of 3 space rocks, NASA's Lucy probe finds

Are squeals, growls, and the many sounds babbling babies make just cute nonsense, or do they have some scientific significance? As per new research, these cute, seemingly nonsense sounds might actually be the babies warming themselves up for speech.

<h2>Not just jolly nonsense</h2>

Researchers analysed the sounds made by infants during the first year of their lives. They found that these squeals, squeaks, and growls tend to occur in groups.

"One of the primary reasons for our pursuit of the question of clustering is that it could turn out to be a useful marker in screening for disorders of communication," explains Dr Hyunjoo Yoo from the University of Alabama, the first author of the research.

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For their research, Yoo and his colleagues studied 130 infants aged less than 13 months through home recordings made monthly by their parents and caregivers. The 130 infants were divided into six groups: 0-2, 3–4, 5–6, 7–8, 9–10, 11–13 months.

Selecting random five-minute segments from each video, the researchers analysed them for the presence of squeals, growls and vocants — vowel-like sounds.

They extracted 15,774 segments from 1,104 recordings and found that more than 60 per cent of the recordings showed clustering of either squeals or growls.

"There was not a single infant who, on evaluation of all the available recordings for the infant, showed neither a significant case of squeal clustering nor of growl clustering," said the researchers.

Clustering across the six groups, as per the researchers, suggests that some mechanism of vocal exploration is present from the beginning of life.

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One curious observation reported by the researcher is that the 3–4 months range showed the lowest average values of growls or squeal clustering. This, as per The Guardian, is curious because traditionally this age is thought to be associated with the onset of vocal play.

The researchers also noticed that for infants over five months of age, there was a higher propensity towards squeals than growls. This, they propose, could be due to the development of control over the vocal chords.

Yoo, as quoted by The Guardian, suggested that caregivers by imitating the sounds made by the infants could help them develop their vocal repertoires.

"Thus, it seems logical that it would be beneficial for infants if caregivers try to contingently respond and interact more with their infants by imitating squeals, vocants and growls," said the author.

(With inputs from agencies)

Are squeals, growls, and the many sounds babbling babies make just cute nonsense, or do they have some scientific significance? As per new research, these cute, seemingly nonsense sounds might actually be the babies warming themselves up for speech.

Are squeals, growls, and the many sounds babbling babies make just cute nonsense, or do they have some scientific significance? As per new research, these cute, seemingly nonsense sounds might actually be the babies warming themselves up for speech. Not just jolly nonsense Researchers analysed the sounds made by infants during the first year of their lives. They found that these squeals, squeaks, and growls tend to occur in groups. "One of the primary reasons for our pursuit of the question of clustering is that it could turn out to be a useful marker in screening for disorders of communication," explains Dr Hyunjoo Yoo from the University of Alabama, the first author of the research. Also read | Peanut butter-like products can save your children from THIS allergy For their research, Yoo and his colleagues studied 130 infants aged less than 13 months through home recordings made monthly by their parents and caregivers. The 130 infants were divided into six groups: 0-2, 3–4, 5–6, 7–8, 9–10, 11–13 months. Selecting random five-minute segments from each video, the researchers analysed them for the presence of squeals, growls and vocants — vowel-like sounds. They extracted 15,774 segments from 1,104 recordings and found that more than 60 per cent of the recordings showed clustering of either squeals or growls. "There was not a single infant who, on evaluation of all the available recordings for the infant, showed neither a significant case of squeal clustering nor of growl clustering," said the researchers. Clustering across the six groups, as per the researchers, suggests that some mechanism of vocal exploration is present from the beginning of life. Also read | Got yourself tattooed? Study says it may lead to increased risk of cancer One curious observation reported by the researcher is that the 3–4 months range showed the lowest average values of growls or squeal clustering. This, as per The Guardian, is curious because traditionally this age is thought to be associated with the onset of vocal play. The researchers also noticed that for infants over five months of age, there was a higher propensity towards squeals than growls. This, they propose, could be due to the development of control over the vocal chords. Yoo, as quoted by The Guardian, suggested that caregivers by imitating the sounds made by the infants could help them develop their vocal repertoires. "Thus, it seems logical that it would be beneficial for infants if caregivers try to contingently respond and interact more with their infants by imitating squeals, vocants and growls," said the author. (With inputs from agencies)

Your child's 'goo-goo-ga-ga' is not nonsense babble, but serves THIS purpose

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