Death metal band frontman Jake Shuker turned his war memories into music. His fingers effortlessly strumming the guitar conveys only one message -- his passion for heavy metal,&nbsp;which made him get away from war-torn Syria and seek refugee in Lebanon.

Speaking to WION, Jake said that he was just six when he was introduced to the metal genre. Soon it became his passion and he not only embraced it but&nbsp;wore it on his sleeves.

Born in Daraa, Syria, Shuker became the first Syrian metal musician to perform in the UK at the Imperial War Museum in London which held the Rebel Sounds Live series, part of the museum's Culture Under Attack season of events exploring how war threatens people's lives.

He appeared at the Imperial War Museum on Saturday, July 6 along with his band, Maysaloon, part of the fledgeling underground metal scene in Damascus. The band is now based in Beirut, the capital of neighbouring Lebanon. Sharing his experience on the performance, Jake said that he was overwhelmed by the response of the audience. What was ironical, was the war-themed museum reminded him of the place that he came from.&nbsp;

Here is the full interview:

WION: How did you get into metal music which is not something conventional to your land and origin?

Jake Shuker: Well, It actually started at an early age of my life when I was just six years old. My first encounter with metal was at my uncle's place. I saw him screening metal music in his room. That was the first time I got to know metal. I didn't know what happened but it just left an impact on me. Soon, I started listening to metal songs more and more and it became my passion.

Metal music is more controversial in the Middle East, where, I think people take things very seriously. They get extreme with everything. Metal music was banned in Syria. I think it's because of the community who cannot accept anything different. So it is not the government, it's your community. They just can't deal with anything. That's where the accusations come from and you have to face many hardships in pursuing your passion and desire. So I must say that regions matter a lot.

WION: How hard was it to leave Syria? Would you want to go back again?

Jake Shuker: It wasn't very hard as the place where I live now has been renewed. I came to Lebanon with my band in September, 2018. The reason why I came to Lebanon was because of my band. Metal music was banned in Syria. I was though disappointed when I had to leave my town as I also had to leave behind my friends, my studies and my band. I wasn't left with many options. So I had to (leave), because that place would not have accepted me and my band. In the end, I would have been left with nothing if I lived there. Syria is country at war. What else can we expect? If you ask me if I want to go back to Syria, I’d say that I’d like to, but I want peace.

WION: Syria invariably brings to mind war, battle, violence... what kind of effect did it have on your music?

Jake Shuker: Yes, war is the reason why I left Syria. I had to leave everything behind. There is no peace which I really want to see in the country. It's all war and violence. The sounds I heard during my rise in music, I hear them again and again in my head. Most of the time when I wake up, I hear those sounds. It's very hard to escape from such sounds. But that's where our composition begins. We manage to channel all of those things through our music which we have been through many years.

WION: You became the first Syrian metal musician to perform in the UK with a performance at the Imperial War Museum in London. How did you feel and what was the response?

Jake Shuker: It was epic and great. I was overwhelmed. To perform at the Imperial War Museum in London was a great opportunity for me. I was so happy. The only unique thing while performing was to see war themes all around you when you get to see aircraft, tanks and everything that reminded me of the place I come from. That's really crazy and sick.

WION: Having performed at various forums and platforms which is your dream place?

Jake Shuker: Well, of course, some dream&nbsp;places that come to my metalhead mind are:&nbsp;Wacken Metal Fest,&nbsp;Germany and Royal Albert Hall,&nbsp;UK.&nbsp;

Death metal band frontman Jake Shuker turned his war memories into music. His fingers effortlessly strumming the guitar conveys only one message -- his passion for heavy metal, which made him get away from war-torn Syria and seek refugee in Lebanon.

Death metal band frontman Jake Shuker turned his war memories into music. His fingers effortlessly strumming the guitar conveys only one message -- his passion for heavy metal, which made him get away from war-torn Syria and seek refugee in Lebanon. Speaking to WION, Jake said that he was just six when he was introduced to the metal genre. Soon it became his passion and he not only embraced it but wore it on his sleeves. Born in Daraa, Syria, Shuker became the first Syrian metal musician to perform in the UK at the Imperial War Museum in London which held the Rebel Sounds Live series, part of the museum's Culture Under Attack season of events exploring how war threatens people's lives. He appeared at the Imperial War Museum on Saturday, July 6 along with his band, Maysaloon, part of the fledgeling underground metal scene in Damascus. The band is now based in Beirut, the capital of neighbouring Lebanon. Sharing his experience on the performance, Jake said that he was overwhelmed by the response of the audience. What was ironical, was the war-themed museum reminded him of the place that he came from. Here is the full interview: WION: How did you get into metal music which is not something conventional to your land and origin? Jake Shuker: Well, It actually started at an early age of my life when I was just six years old. My first encounter with metal was at my uncle's place. I saw him screening metal music in his room. That was the first time I got to know metal. I didn't know what happened but it just left an impact on me. Soon, I started listening to metal songs more and more and it became my passion. Metal music is more controversial in the Middle East, where, I think people take things very seriously. They get extreme with everything. Metal music was banned in Syria. I think it's because of the community who cannot accept anything different. So it is not the government, it's your community. They just can't deal with anything. That's where the accusations come from and you have to face many hardships in pursuing your passion and desire. So I must say that regions matter a lot. WION: How hard was it to leave Syria? Would you want to go back again? Jake Shuker: It wasn't very hard as the place where I live now has been renewed. I came to Lebanon with my band in September, 2018. The reason why I came to Lebanon was because of my band. Metal music was banned in Syria. I was though disappointed when I had to leave my town as I also had to leave behind my friends, my studies and my band. I wasn't left with many options. So I had to (leave), because that place would not have accepted me and my band. In the end, I would have been left with nothing if I lived there. Syria is country at war. What else can we expect? If you ask me if I want to go back to Syria, I’d say that I’d like to, but I want peace. WION: Syria invariably brings to mind war, battle, violence... what kind of effect did it have on your music? Jake Shuker: Yes, war is the reason why I left Syria. I had to leave everything behind. There is no peace which I really want to see in the country. It's all war and violence. The sounds I heard during my rise in music, I hear them again and again in my head. Most of the time when I wake up, I hear those sounds. It's very hard to escape from such sounds. But that's where our composition begins. We manage to channel all of those things through our music which we have been through many years. WION: You became the first Syrian metal musician to perform in the UK with a performance at the Imperial War Museum in London. How did you feel and what was the response? Jake Shuker: It was epic and great. I was overwhelmed. To perform at the Imperial War Museum in London was a great opportunity for me. I was so happy. The only unique thing while performing was to see war themes all around you when you get to see aircraft, tanks and everything that reminded me of the place I come from. That's really crazy and sick. WION: Having performed at various forums and platforms which is your dream place? Jake Shuker: Well, of course, some dream places that come to my metalhead mind are: Wacken Metal Fest, Germany and Royal Albert Hall, UK.

I turned war bomb sounds into music, Syrian rockstar Jake Shuker tells WION

When South Africa's President Cyril Ramaphosa took the oath of office to become country's head of state on May 25 2019, it was Major Mandisa Nomcebo Mfeka who made headlines. Mandisa became South Africa's first black female fighter pilot.

Born in Ntuzuma, just outside Durban on South Africa’s east coast, Mandisa was part of the Hawk-formation display during the event. She is a Major in South African Air Force and flies Hawk Mk120 developed by the British Aerospace (BAE).

In an interview with WION, Mandisa gave an insight into her training and narrated her journey to her dream job. Her love for aviation and fascination with airplanes began when she was just 5 years old. She used to go to watch the air shows with her mother and grandmother at the Virginia Airport. Since that day to now, she sees a difference in her capabilities and strength and lives by a motto that "Sky is the baseline, it is from where my journey begins". Here are the excerpts from her conversation with WION.

WION: What led you to the dream of flying? When and how did you join the military and the air force?

Major Mandisa: The first time I was introduced to the aviation industry was at the age of five when my mother and grandmother used to take us to an airfield at the Virginia Airport which was close to our home. We would park at the side of the airport and watch the planes take off. It was really something very exciting for me. At that point in time, I did not realise that it was the career that I was going to pursue as a young female, especially when no one from my family had any background in aviation.&nbsp;

The first time I realized that I can become a pilot was at the age of 16. While I was doing my research in Maths and Science, I came across an article. As I turned the page, I saw a recruitment article by the South African Air Force (SAAF). My grades were really good at school and I met the entry requirements. I was thrilled and remember how excited I was. So, that was the first time I was introduced to flying.

WION: What was the first step/trick to your journey? Can you give some insights into your training?

Major Mandisa: The first step that I took after discovering the South African Air force was to apply for it quickly. I wanted them to know about my grades and my passion for becoming a fighter pilot. &nbsp;I negotiated with my dad and told him that I wanted to fly and do not want to compromise with any other options for my dreams. So, that was the first trick.

When it comes to training, it was really very tough and exciting as being a military person you need to challenge yourself at every step of your life. You have to be fit in terms of physical capabilities and mental strength. What I was less prepared for was the emotional challenge. My training brought out a very emotional person out of me. I realised that having dreams of flying is not that easy but not impossible too.

WION: Life in defence is different. Was it tough to become a military person?

Major Mandisa: Yes, it was very tough. I had always lived a very protected lifestyle. My parents were very protective as I was their first female child and also the eldest of all.&nbsp;

South African Air force was gruelling. I knew that the road I had chosen will take to me to the skies. I had always valued the fact that stern and firm training helped me build resilience to withstand pain. &nbsp;This all brought me closer to the spiritual aspect because I rely on them for healing and moving forward in life.

WION: Did you ever think that being a woman would prove a hindrance in your career?

Major Mandisa: I do not see any difference in any role played by women in any field. Gender never comes in your way. It is your perseverance and hard work for every goal.

WION: How was the feeling while sharing the spotlight with President Cyril Ramaphosa during the air display for his presidential inauguration?

Major Mandisa: I was very thrilled to be included in the flying past. More than anything, I was excited about the learning opportunities of the whole exercise and the entire preparation of it. The planning and construction process by Majors gave us the understanding of the flying dynamics and of leading the show to what it means to be a wingman. Another thing that we need to remember and focus on is always the risks involved. When it comes to aviation and during such ceremonial events, danger does not disappear.

WION: Combat flying is very precision-based and needs much planning and preparation. How did you prepare for it?

Major Mandisa: I am very lucky as the people around me are very experienced and helpful. I observe and learn things. When it comes to flying, I only see it as an opportunity and not as a difficulty because of my positive approach.

WION: Aviation is an expensive industry. Many women mostly give up their passions due to financial reasons. Did you also face any such problems?

Major Mandisa: Yes obviously. When you are going to the military, you are trained by the military and it absorbs all the cost... it is very expensive. But when It comes to civil aviation, lot of companies sponsor young individuals women who are passionate. &nbsp;There is always some hope for the people struggling financially to kickstart their dreams.

One advice that I would like to give to all young girls who dream of flying is to look for opportunities and never give up on their dreams as the career here is very rewarding and dynamic. When you are exposed to flying, it offers you satisfaction and excitement and at the end of the day, you won't regret anything.

WION: How do you see yourself change through flying?

Major Mandisa: There has been a lot of change in my life. I see myself as a more disciplined person. I remember, when I was being trained, there were few exercises that disengaged many parts of me and I had to question myself "Why Am I supposed to do all this?" But now I have an answer to it which is very visible.

WION: Your advice to parents?

Major Mandisa: People who love you will show their concerns, they will want to protect you. I was firm in my decision. I stood for what I had thought was best for myself.

When it comes to risk in aviation, then I must say that danger prevails at every step of life. It's you who will have to stand and fight for it. No one else will.

WION: Africa and India share history. What do you see in common as in relation to Mandela and Mahatma Gandhi?

Major Mandisa: Mandela and Mahatma, both shared a common purpose. They both loved humanity and wanted peace in their nations. Mahatma Gandhi fought passive resistance while Mandela, after coming out from jail, took a step for talking rather than fighting against the apartheid government. &nbsp;Their preaching is something I live by and want everyone to follow as well because at the of the day we are all one nation and one of a kind.

WION: Do you watch movies? Any favourites?

Major Mandisa: Yes, I do watch Bollywood movies. Shahrukh Khan's 'Om Shaanti Om', 'Baazigar' and few Amitabh Bachchan's movies are my favourites. I love watching them. They are so fun and entertaining. I grew up watching these movies and now I am thinking of watching some more.

WION: Apart from flying, what is that you enjoy the most?

Major Mandisa: - Swimming and adventurous sports are something I am very fond of.

WION: Your role model?

Major Mandisa: My role model is Oprah Winfrey. The kind of humanitarian work she has done and also for women is amazing. She is like a mega house of the platform that she earned. Apart from being a businesswoman and entertainer, she is a beautiful woman by heart and has always inspired me to be the leader of my field.

WION: What is your world view on the role of women in combat flying?

Major Mandisa: The role of women is no different than that of the males in the field of combat flying. I feel that it is a bias to say that women are more emotional than men. What I had seen here is that there is no difference in terms of emotional capabilities. They too have emotions, it's just that they keep them within while women let them flow.

In countries struck with poverty, especially in Africa here, women are the sole breadwinners for the families. In combat flying too, women have a common role with men... I do not see any difference.

WION: What keeps you going, flying?

Major Mandisa: For me, the sky is not the limit but the baseline from where I start my dreams. I see no limits. At the end of the day, when I see myself reaching so high as an individual, it is so instrumental and satisfying.

When South Africa's President Cyril Ramaphosa took the oath of office to become country's head of state on May 25 2019, it was Major Mandisa Nomcebo Mfeka who made headlines.

When South Africa's President Cyril Ramaphosa took the oath of office to become country's head of state on May 25 2019, it was Major Mandisa Nomcebo Mfeka who made headlines. Mandisa became South Africa's first black female fighter pilot. Born in Ntuzuma, just outside Durban on South Africa’s east coast, Mandisa was part of the Hawk-formation display during the event. She is a Major in South African Air Force and flies Hawk Mk120 developed by the British Aerospace (BAE). In an interview with WION, Mandisa gave an insight into her training and narrated her journey to her dream job. Her love for aviation and fascination with airplanes began when she was just 5 years old. She used to go to watch the air shows with her mother and grandmother at the Virginia Airport. Since that day to now, she sees a difference in her capabilities and strength and lives by a motto that "Sky is the baseline, it is from where my journey begins". Here are the excerpts from her conversation with WION. WION: What led you to the dream of flying? When and how did you join the military and the air force? Major Mandisa: The first time I was introduced to the aviation industry was at the age of five when my mother and grandmother used to take us to an airfield at the Virginia Airport which was close to our home. We would park at the side of the airport and watch the planes take off. It was really something very exciting for me. At that point in time, I did not realise that it was the career that I was going to pursue as a young female, especially when no one from my family had any background in aviation. The first time I realized that I can become a pilot was at the age of 16. While I was doing my research in Maths and Science, I came across an article. As I turned the page, I saw a recruitment article by the South African Air Force (SAAF). My grades were really good at school and I met the entry requirements. I was thrilled and remember how excited I was. So, that was the first time I was introduced to flying. WION: What was the first step/trick to your journey? Can you give some insights into your training? Major Mandisa: The first step that I took after discovering the South African Air force was to apply for it quickly. I wanted them to know about my grades and my passion for becoming a fighter pilot. I negotiated with my dad and told him that I wanted to fly and do not want to compromise with any other options for my dreams. So, that was the first trick. When it comes to training, it was really very tough and exciting as being a military person you need to challenge yourself at every step of your life. You have to be fit in terms of physical capabilities and mental strength. What I was less prepared for was the emotional challenge. My training brought out a very emotional person out of me. I realised that having dreams of flying is not that easy but not impossible too. WION: Life in defence is different. Was it tough to become a military person? Major Mandisa: Yes, it was very tough. I had always lived a very protected lifestyle. My parents were very protective as I was their first female child and also the eldest of all. South African Air force was gruelling. I knew that the road I had chosen will take to me to the skies. I had always valued the fact that stern and firm training helped me build resilience to withstand pain. This all brought me closer to the spiritual aspect because I rely on them for healing and moving forward in life. WION: Did you ever think that being a woman would prove a hindrance in your career? Major Mandisa: I do not see any difference in any role played by women in any field. Gender never comes in your way. It is your perseverance and hard work for every goal. WION: How was the feeling while sharing the spotlight with President Cyril Ramaphosa during the air display for his presidential inauguration? Major Mandisa: I was very thrilled to be included in the flying past. More than anything, I was excited about the learning opportunities of the whole exercise and the entire preparation of it. The planning and construction process by Majors gave us the understanding of the flying dynamics and of leading the show to what it means to be a wingman. Another thing that we need to remember and focus on is always the risks involved. When it comes to aviation and during such ceremonial events, danger does not disappear. WION: Combat flying is very precision-based and needs much planning and preparation. How did you prepare for it? Major Mandisa: I am very lucky as the people around me are very experienced and helpful. I observe and learn things. When it comes to flying, I only see it as an opportunity and not as a difficulty because of my positive approach. WION: Aviation is an expensive industry. Many women mostly give up their passions due to financial reasons. Did you also face any such problems? Major Mandisa: Yes obviously. When you are going to the military, you are trained by the military and it absorbs all the cost... it is very expensive. But when It comes to civil aviation, lot of companies sponsor young individuals women who are passionate. There is always some hope for the people struggling financially to kickstart their dreams. One advice that I would like to give to all young girls who dream of flying is to look for opportunities and never give up on their dreams as the career here is very rewarding and dynamic. When you are exposed to flying, it offers you satisfaction and excitement and at the end of the day, you won't regret anything. WION: How do you see yourself change through flying? Major Mandisa: There has been a lot of change in my life. I see myself as a more disciplined person. I remember, when I was being trained, there were few exercises that disengaged many parts of me and I had to question myself "Why Am I supposed to do all this?" But now I have an answer to it which is very visible. WION: Your advice to parents? Major Mandisa: People who love you will show their concerns, they will want to protect you. I was firm in my decision. I stood for what I had thought was best for myself. When it comes to risk in aviation, then I must say that danger prevails at every step of life. It's you who will have to stand and fight for it. No one else will. WION: Africa and India share history. What do you see in common as in relation to Mandela and Mahatma Gandhi? Major Mandisa: Mandela and Mahatma, both shared a common purpose. They both loved humanity and wanted peace in their nations. Mahatma Gandhi fought passive resistance while Mandela, after coming out from jail, took a step for talking rather than fighting against the apartheid government. Their preaching is something I live by and want everyone to follow as well because at the of the day we are all one nation and one of a kind. WION: Do you watch movies? Any favourites? Major Mandisa: Yes, I do watch Bollywood movies. Shahrukh Khan's 'Om Shaanti Om', 'Baazigar' and few Amitabh Bachchan's movies are my favourites. I love watching them. They are so fun and entertaining. I grew up watching these movies and now I am thinking of watching some more. WION: Apart from flying, what is that you enjoy the most? Major Mandisa: - Swimming and adventurous sports are something I am very fond of. WION: Your role model? Major Mandisa: My role model is Oprah Winfrey. The kind of humanitarian work she has done and also for women is amazing. She is like a mega house of the platform that she earned. Apart from being a businesswoman and entertainer, she is a beautiful woman by heart and has always inspired me to be the leader of my field. WION: What is your world view on the role of women in combat flying? Major Mandisa: The role of women is no different than that of the males in the field of combat flying. I feel that it is a bias to say that women are more emotional than men. What I had seen here is that there is no difference in terms of emotional capabilities. They too have emotions, it's just that they keep them within while women let them flow. In countries struck with poverty, especially in Africa here, women are the sole breadwinners for the families. In combat flying too, women have a common role with men... I do not see any difference. WION: What keeps you going, flying? Major Mandisa: For me, the sky is not the limit but the baseline from where I start my dreams. I see no limits. At the end of the day, when I see myself reaching so high as an individual, it is so instrumental and satisfying.

'Sky is from where I start my dreams,' says South Africa's first black female fighter pilot

May 10 is not an ordinary date for South Africa, it holds immense historical significance and represents the country's victory over apartheid and racial discrimination.

It was the year 1994 when, on this very day, Nelson Mandela became the first president of South Africa. It was a glorious moment for the majority of the oppressed people of colour.&nbsp;

After years of colonial subjugation and apartheid rule, the black people were finally free. As South Africa slowly inches toward its election result, with parties looking to bolster the country's sluggish economy, Pule Monama, founding member of Azapo (South African political party) and Sello Lediga, political columnist in South Africa speak to WION and share their takes on this historical day. Azapo is a political organization that fought racial discrimination in the country when all other political organizations were banned.

"For some people, it was unbelievable that a black man (Mandela), would be in charge of the services, the army,&nbsp;the air force, the navy, the police and all state entities in this country. It was a proud moment that heralded a new era of democracy. South Africa had changed forever after a protracted and heroic struggle. A new South Africa was born on May 10 1994. A South Africa that offer the community of nations (UN) as a proud and democratic state,"&nbsp;Sello Lediga told WION.

When asked about his hopes on the upcoming elections, he believed that that the citizens of South Africa are pinning their hopes on Cyril Ramaphosa, hoping to see a better picture of South Africa in terms of economy, development and growth.&nbsp;

"After ten years of a corrupt and ruinous rule by ousted president Jacob Zuma, South Africans are pinning their hopes on Cyril Ramaphosa to lead them to a brighter and prosperous future after 25 years of democracy since Mandela became the president. Most South Africans are disappointed with high unemployment, poverty and inequality. They are looking forward to a change from the ruling African National Congress led by Ramaphosa - the same man that Mandela wanted to succeed him in 1999," Sello said.

"South Africa's economy is not growing and most economic plans don't seem to be working. The economy has, for quite some time, been growing at one per cent which is inadequate to deal with the economic and social problems that have developed here," Lediga added.&nbsp;

Despite winning over racial discrimination and oppression, there still lies a belief that white is more superior, hence self-hate persists in many parts of the country.&nbsp;

"For oppressed people that survived more than 300 years of colonialism and apartheid, self-hate is inevitable. Some still believe that white is superior and beautiful. However, the majority is mentally and psychologically liberated. They now seek economic freedom to augment political power. Apartheid officially died in 1994 after the first democratic elections here. However, there are white people who still show racist tendencies but are too few to worry the nation," said Lediga.

He said that Xenophobia and Afrophobia do raise their ugly heads occasionally as South Africa is flooded by refugees seeking opportunities because of their collapsed economies.&nbsp;

While the majority in South Africa sees the day as historical, there are also those who cannot get along the fact that much change has been made with Mandela's ideologies.&nbsp;

"Not all of us are in the Liberation Movement, particularly those who come from the Black Consciousness Movement do not agree with everything Nelson Mandela stood for. They did not agree with the overall negotiation framework and believed he was giving more than he got for the majority of our people. Hence, 25 years after the liberation, we have little to show for it. Our people still lack quality education, the health system is collapsing, industrial and economic development is slow. However, we do recognize his contribution to the broader liberation of our country,"&nbsp;Pule Monama stated.

May 10 is not an ordinary date for South Africa, it holds immense historical significance and represents the country's victory over apartheid and racial discrimination.

May 10 is not an ordinary date for South Africa, it holds immense historical significance and represents the country's victory over apartheid and racial discrimination. It was the year 1994 when, on this very day, Nelson Mandela became the first president of South Africa. It was a glorious moment for the majority of the oppressed people of colour. After years of colonial subjugation and apartheid rule, the black people were finally free. As South Africa slowly inches toward its election result, with parties looking to bolster the country's sluggish economy, Pule Monama, founding member of Azapo (South African political party) and Sello Lediga, political columnist in South Africa speak to WION and share their takes on this historical day. Azapo is a political organization that fought racial discrimination in the country when all other political organizations were banned. "For some people, it was unbelievable that a black man (Mandela), would be in charge of the services, the army, the air force, the navy, the police and all state entities in this country. It was a proud moment that heralded a new era of democracy. South Africa had changed forever after a protracted and heroic struggle. A new South Africa was born on May 10 1994. A South Africa that offer the community of nations (UN) as a proud and democratic state," Sello Lediga told WION. When asked about his hopes on the upcoming elections, he believed that that the citizens of South Africa are pinning their hopes on Cyril Ramaphosa, hoping to see a better picture of South Africa in terms of economy, development and growth. "After ten years of a corrupt and ruinous rule by ousted president Jacob Zuma, South Africans are pinning their hopes on Cyril Ramaphosa to lead them to a brighter and prosperous future after 25 years of democracy since Mandela became the president. Most South Africans are disappointed with high unemployment, poverty and inequality. They are looking forward to a change from the ruling African National Congress led by Ramaphosa - the same man that Mandela wanted to succeed him in 1999," Sello said. "South Africa's economy is not growing and most economic plans don't seem to be working. The economy has, for quite some time, been growing at one per cent which is inadequate to deal with the economic and social problems that have developed here," Lediga added. Despite winning over racial discrimination and oppression, there still lies a belief that white is more superior, hence self-hate persists in many parts of the country. "For oppressed people that survived more than 300 years of colonialism and apartheid, self-hate is inevitable. Some still believe that white is superior and beautiful. However, the majority is mentally and psychologically liberated. They now seek economic freedom to augment political power. Apartheid officially died in 1994 after the first democratic elections here. However, there are white people who still show racist tendencies but are too few to worry the nation," said Lediga. He said that Xenophobia and Afrophobia do raise their ugly heads occasionally as South Africa is flooded by refugees seeking opportunities because of their collapsed economies. While the majority in South Africa sees the day as historical, there are also those who cannot get along the fact that much change has been made with Mandela's ideologies. "Not all of us are in the Liberation Movement, particularly those who come from the Black Consciousness Movement do not agree with everything Nelson Mandela stood for. They did not agree with the overall negotiation framework and believed he was giving more than he got for the majority of our people. Hence, 25 years after the liberation, we have little to show for it. Our people still lack quality education, the health system is collapsing, industrial and economic development is slow. However, we do recognize his contribution to the broader liberation of our country," Pule Monama stated.

Significance of May 10 in South Africa: When democracy trumped racial discrimination 

Gagandeep Kang is the first Indian woman scientist getting selected as FRS in 359 years of history of this prestigious scientific academy. She has been acclaimed for her key role in the development of India's first indigenous vaccines for Rotavirus infections. &nbsp;

Currently working as the Executive Director of Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, Gagandeep Kang told WION that science that we do is incremental and not in the transforming field.&nbsp;

Hence she is worried about the state of science in India which needs to be changed structurally. Here are some of the excerpts of the conversations.

WION: How did you begin working on Rotavirus infections? How did the idea of developing a vaccine come about? Can you, in short, describe your journey?

KANG: I started working on Rotavirus about a little over 20 years ago. There had been somebody on our department who looked upon the cause of diarrhoea in children and so they identified that Rotavirus was the top cause of diarrhoea. The others were bacterial causes and so I decided on work in it.

In terms of developing a vaccine, I think everybody in the Rotavirus field, from the late 1970s onwards, has been trying working on the vaccine. Hence, I can't say that I had developed the vaccine, rather I had worked upon the one that has been already developed.

WION: As a Royal society member you have joined the league of the likes of Isaac Newton and Charles Darwin. How does it feel?

KANG: Well, I have been elected to the fellowship of the Royal Society and that is an honour for any scientist, whether in the UK or as a foreign member or in any part of the world. I think Issac and Darwin were known for their fundamental discoveries and the kind of work that I do is more in the developing phase, like in the way of testing and prevention. So, "I think that I am not a discoverer but a developer", and hope that what I develop is useful for the people in our country.

WION: As a scientist Is there one thing you’re currently working on or has been in the past that kept or keeps you awake at nights?

KANG: I worry about the state of science in India. We have such wonderful and bright young people and so would like to see more strong science coming from our country. What tends to happen is that most of the science that we do is incremental and not in the transforming field. This can only happen when we have enthusiastic people working together on big problems, understanding the fact that many times we may fail, but when we would succeed it would be a success in something that really matters. So, there are many things that need to be changed in our system structurally for doing science in India.

WION: How would you sum up your scientific voyage from India to Britain (FRS)? Do you find the difference in scientific approaches and temper between Indian and foreign scientific institutions and in what sense?

KANG: I wouldn't feel like answering this question in relation to FRS, but in the last 30 years that I have been working and got an opportunity to work in the US and UK. The environment is very different as compared to that in India. The biggest difference I think I saw was the " appreciation factor" between countries. In India, it is always like "Oh! This is wrong, " You should have done it that way and blah blah!. Hence, Praise is a very rare thing in our country which comes at a very late stage. We really do not appreciate the efforts people love putting in. As when you are appreciated, your love for the work becomes twice and the results are out in no big time. So, I think that encouragement and curiosity towards everything need to be given a second chance for better results, especially in science.

WION: You are referred to as Vaccine Godmother. How does it stick to you? And are also working on any other invention that would add more feathers to your cap?

KANG: (Shares laugh), I don't think that I am a Vaccine Godmother. It's just that I have been trying to work with the vaccines industry in the past few years to identify what problems are encountered in India. There are many things that are different in India in terms of regulations of vaccines as compared to other parts of the world. The reason for that is our Drugs and Cosmetics Rules, 1945, under which all drugs and vaccines are regulated and treats vaccines as if they are drugs. So the testing pathway in India is unnecessarily complicated in some ways or the other. So, our vaccines getting on to the global market in science to be developed are slowed down by its processing. Hence this is the one thing that I have been trying to work on and smooth out the fast way in the development of the new vaccines. 
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 
If you ask me what I am working on now, there is a typhoid conjugate vaccine for which we do not have a national policy on typhoid. Hence with my colleagues, we are trying to estimate how much typhoid is there in our country as it is a disease which comes and goes. I think there is a very deep hidden burden of typhoid and by the next year, we should have accurate estimates so that we can get developing policies of typhoid vaccination in India.

WION: Who or what inspired you to become a scientist? Does being a woman director bring about unique challenges?

KANG: My father is my inspiration for becoming a scientist. He was an engineer while my mother is a teacher. Both of them together are very encouraging. He told me and my sister that we have the ability to become anything that we want to be. So for me, Curiosity was one factor that has always driven me. I was reading with experimenting with my father that naturally lead me pursuing science. Then, I wanted to become a medical scientist which I am today. 
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; 
Being a woman director, challenges are there at every stage of life as people don't accept a woman in a place where they are in leadership. So, you always have to stay very very strong and deliver your message across in a way without being rude.

WION: Vaccine has become an integral part of our lives. At times it seems even overkill for a layman especially in terms of commercialisation. ( like the number of vaccines that is prescribed for a child nowadays and the money that one has to incur), like measles etc. 
Is there a way to control that?

KANG: I don't think that we need to work much on Measles vaccine as it is already a very good vaccine. The only problem is that people are not getting the vaccine. so, if you have people who are negative about the vaccine will most probably influence other people to not have them. Hence it can reach a situation where adults are making its deficiency in children who acquire this disease at a very fast pace. Once it spreads to the community, it can create a very serious situation where most does not understand the importance of public health. 
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 
The measles vaccine is already a commercialized vaccine, there are many versions of it. What we need is an order to deliver the vaccine both in the public and private system to ensure that all children everywhere get the doses. Hence, it is not about commercialization but the private provider of vaccinations.

WION: There is a deeply chauvinistic society where women are not much welcomed in the field of science. 
One change that will hugely benefit the young women scientists who are just making their way in?

KANG: I think being able to provide flexible working hours for women will really change the mindset. In today's world, it is all about getting the job done. In science, physical inner space is not much required. What needs to be focused on is to always keep reading, experimenting and exploring especially for young women. Also making them responsible and accountable for their own work would be the best thing for them to step in and explore.

WION: Being an FRS member now, what kind of specific obligations and commitments does it bring?

KANG: The fellowship in itself recognizes you as a contributor to science. Once you join fellowship, there are obligations and continuous promotion of doing high quality of science. In addition to that Royal society also have a number of activities that are related to broadening the reach of science. Much if they do is through journals and meetings. So, these are the things that I had joined before my fellowship which in itself is very prestigious and convened by the best scientists of the world to deliberate on the topics that are often important in our field.

WION: Other than labs, which is the one place you often visit?

KANG: Going home to my mother in Delhi from Faridabad is the one place that I often visit. When I came to Delhi, I thought that I would stay with my mother here but Delhi's awful traffic made me changed my decision and so I decided to visit her every time from Faridabad to her place and have a cup of tea with her as I think nothing could be much better than having a tea with your mother.

WION: You are the first Woman scientist of India. One advice that you want to give young generations and females who think of pursuing their career as a scientist?

KANG: I hope that I will not be the only Indian woman scientist from India, but the league is continued by many youths and females making their way in.

The two things that are very important is to be passionate and committed to your work. As a scientist, one thing that is a must is to never stop exploring. Well, this goes for all even if you are not a 'lab person'.

Gagandeep Kang is the first Indian woman scientist getting selected as FRS in 359 years of history of this prestigious scientific academy. She has been acclaimed for her key role in the development of India's first indigenous vaccines for Rotavirus infections.

Gagandeep Kang is the first Indian woman scientist getting selected as FRS in 359 years of history of this prestigious scientific academy. She has been acclaimed for her key role in the development of India's first indigenous vaccines for Rotavirus infections. Currently working as the Executive Director of Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, Gagandeep Kang told WION that science that we do is incremental and not in the transforming field. Hence she is worried about the state of science in India which needs to be changed structurally. Here are some of the excerpts of the conversations. WION: How did you begin working on Rotavirus infections? How did the idea of developing a vaccine come about? Can you, in short, describe your journey? KANG: I started working on Rotavirus about a little over 20 years ago. There had been somebody on our department who looked upon the cause of diarrhoea in children and so they identified that Rotavirus was the top cause of diarrhoea. The others were bacterial causes and so I decided on work in it. In terms of developing a vaccine, I think everybody in the Rotavirus field, from the late 1970s onwards, has been trying working on the vaccine. Hence, I can't say that I had developed the vaccine, rather I had worked upon the one that has been already developed. WION: As a Royal society member you have joined the league of the likes of Isaac Newton and Charles Darwin. How does it feel? KANG: Well, I have been elected to the fellowship of the Royal Society and that is an honour for any scientist, whether in the UK or as a foreign member or in any part of the world. I think Issac and Darwin were known for their fundamental discoveries and the kind of work that I do is more in the developing phase, like in the way of testing and prevention. So, "I think that I am not a discoverer but a developer", and hope that what I develop is useful for the people in our country. WION: As a scientist Is there one thing you’re currently working on or has been in the past that kept or keeps you awake at nights? KANG: I worry about the state of science in India. We have such wonderful and bright young people and so would like to see more strong science coming from our country. What tends to happen is that most of the science that we do is incremental and not in the transforming field. This can only happen when we have enthusiastic people working together on big problems, understanding the fact that many times we may fail, but when we would succeed it would be a success in something that really matters. So, there are many things that need to be changed in our system structurally for doing science in India. WION: How would you sum up your scientific voyage from India to Britain (FRS)? Do you find the difference in scientific approaches and temper between Indian and foreign scientific institutions and in what sense? KANG: I wouldn't feel like answering this question in relation to FRS, but in the last 30 years that I have been working and got an opportunity to work in the US and UK. The environment is very different as compared to that in India. The biggest difference I think I saw was the " appreciation factor" between countries. In India, it is always like "Oh! This is wrong, " You should have done it that way and blah blah!. Hence, Praise is a very rare thing in our country which comes at a very late stage. We really do not appreciate the efforts people love putting in. As when you are appreciated, your love for the work becomes twice and the results are out in no big time. So, I think that encouragement and curiosity towards everything need to be given a second chance for better results, especially in science. WION: You are referred to as Vaccine Godmother. How does it stick to you? And are also working on any other invention that would add more feathers to your cap? KANG: (Shares laugh), I don't think that I am a Vaccine Godmother. It's just that I have been trying to work with the vaccines industry in the past few years to identify what problems are encountered in India. There are many things that are different in India in terms of regulations of vaccines as compared to other parts of the world. The reason for that is our Drugs and Cosmetics Rules, 1945, under which all drugs and vaccines are regulated and treats vaccines as if they are drugs. So the testing pathway in India is unnecessarily complicated in some ways or the other. So, our vaccines getting on to the global market in science to be developed are slowed down by its processing. Hence this is the one thing that I have been trying to work on and smooth out the fast way in the development of the new vaccines. If you ask me what I am working on now, there is a typhoid conjugate vaccine for which we do not have a national policy on typhoid. Hence with my colleagues, we are trying to estimate how much typhoid is there in our country as it is a disease which comes and goes. I think there is a very deep hidden burden of typhoid and by the next year, we should have accurate estimates so that we can get developing policies of typhoid vaccination in India. WION: Who or what inspired you to become a scientist? Does being a woman director bring about unique challenges? KANG: My father is my inspiration for becoming a scientist. He was an engineer while my mother is a teacher. Both of them together are very encouraging. He told me and my sister that we have the ability to become anything that we want to be. So for me, Curiosity was one factor that has always driven me. I was reading with experimenting with my father that naturally lead me pursuing science. Then, I wanted to become a medical scientist which I am today. Being a woman director, challenges are there at every stage of life as people don't accept a woman in a place where they are in leadership. So, you always have to stay very very strong and deliver your message across in a way without being rude. WION: Vaccine has become an integral part of our lives. At times it seems even overkill for a layman especially in terms of commercialisation. ( like the number of vaccines that is prescribed for a child nowadays and the money that one has to incur), like measles etc. Is there a way to control that? KANG: I don't think that we need to work much on Measles vaccine as it is already a very good vaccine. The only problem is that people are not getting the vaccine. so, if you have people who are negative about the vaccine will most probably influence other people to not have them. Hence it can reach a situation where adults are making its deficiency in children who acquire this disease at a very fast pace. Once it spreads to the community, it can create a very serious situation where most does not understand the importance of public health. The measles vaccine is already a commercialized vaccine, there are many versions of it. What we need is an order to deliver the vaccine both in the public and private system to ensure that all children everywhere get the doses. Hence, it is not about commercialization but the private provider of vaccinations. WION: There is a deeply chauvinistic society where women are not much welcomed in the field of science. One change that will hugely benefit the young women scientists who are just making their way in? KANG: I think being able to provide flexible working hours for women will really change the mindset. In today's world, it is all about getting the job done. In science, physical inner space is not much required. What needs to be focused on is to always keep reading, experimenting and exploring especially for young women. Also making them responsible and accountable for their own work would be the best thing for them to step in and explore. WION: Being an FRS member now, what kind of specific obligations and commitments does it bring? KANG: The fellowship in itself recognizes you as a contributor to science. Once you join fellowship, there are obligations and continuous promotion of doing high quality of science. In addition to that Royal society also have a number of activities that are related to broadening the reach of science. Much if they do is through journals and meetings. So, these are the things that I had joined before my fellowship which in itself is very prestigious and convened by the best scientists of the world to deliberate on the topics that are often important in our field. WION: Other than labs, which is the one place you often visit? KANG: Going home to my mother in Delhi from Faridabad is the one place that I often visit. When I came to Delhi, I thought that I would stay with my mother here but Delhi's awful traffic made me changed my decision and so I decided to visit her every time from Faridabad to her place and have a cup of tea with her as I think nothing could be much better than having a tea with your mother. WION: You are the first Woman scientist of India. One advice that you want to give young generations and females who think of pursuing their career as a scientist? KANG: I hope that I will not be the only Indian woman scientist from India, but the league is continued by many youths and females making their way in. The two things that are very important is to be passionate and committed to your work. As a scientist, one thing that is a must is to never stop exploring. Well, this goes for all even if you are not a 'lab person'.

Newton & Darwin were discoverers, I am a developer, says Gagandeep Kang, first Indian woman fellow of Royal Society

Around 25 years back, Rwanda faced one of the most heinous killings which tore the country apart. The spasm of ethnic hatred is although hard for the genocide survivors to recall the time when their loved ones were consigned to unknown graves, yet they believe that forgiveness is the only way forward. They spoke to WION and shared their story of so far.&nbsp;

"I was four years old when genocide happened. Although I do not remember the complete picture, some of the gory images of history are hard for me to forget. I lost my parents just after three weeks of the genocide. It is very hard for me to see the guy alive who killed my parents. He asks me to forgive him. I forgive him now as I see a larger picture with my family who I want to learn from the past and fight for the nation", says Cedric Nsabimana (Rwanda genocide survivor).

While Anita Umuhire, eight years at the time of the genocide, lost more than 10 members of her family, recalls the time when she managed to escape.&nbsp;

"We were at home when it first started. Like many people, we did not understand the gravity of what was happening until my friends started dying and the killers broke into our home, trying to find if we had ties with the enemies. We started hiding behind the bushes and spent three weeks. A family priest came to help us escape and took us to his parish but it wasn’t safe for us because by then our family had been affiliated to ''the enemy'', but anyhow we managed to escape to Hotel des Milles Collines (Hotel Rwanda). Hence, the escape was not so easy for us, Umuhire said.&nbsp;

At the time of the genocide which was sparked after the killing of then president, it took survivors long to rebuild their lives. But now the unity and togetherness give them hope for a better and safer future for their family to live in.&nbsp;

"My neighbours helped me in surviving when I was running on the streets. Now I see a completely different picture of Rwanda and the mentality of the people. We now do not see each other as any ethnic group but just as Rwandian. Those people who did genocide are now friends, family and neighbours. This is just because of forgiveness. Hence no matter what happens again with us, we should always remember that we are accountable to one another, says Cedric, who is now a father of an eight-month-old son.

While Umuhire, emphasises how better education and good leadership plays an important role for any country to develop it's fractured economy/stability and wants her child to dream big.&nbsp;

"Education is very important. It's the tool that opens up one's mind and allows them to use their own judgement and make good decisions. Our people were taught hate through bad leadership which resulted in the murder of millions and left so many wounded for life but through education, people are now able to make better judgement calls and realise that what unites us is bigger than what separates us", Umuhire added.

Both the survivors feel, they are proud of their country to which Victor Kgomoeswana, an author from Africa agrees and says, "Africa is the best run country by far. Evidence being its economy and political stability now."

"We commemorate every year not to revenge but to tell the world that Rwandian is accountable for each other and can find a solution to its all problems," added Kgomoeswana.

Around 25 years back, Rwanda faced one of the most heinous killings which tore the country apart. The spasm of ethnic hatred is although hard for the genocide survivors to recall the time when their loved ones were consigned to unknown graves, yet they believe that forgiveness is the only way forward.

Around 25 years back, Rwanda faced one of the most heinous killings which tore the country apart. The spasm of ethnic hatred is although hard for the genocide survivors to recall the time when their loved ones were consigned to unknown graves, yet they believe that forgiveness is the only way forward. They spoke to WION and shared their story of so far. "I was four years old when genocide happened. Although I do not remember the complete picture, some of the gory images of history are hard for me to forget. I lost my parents just after three weeks of the genocide. It is very hard for me to see the guy alive who killed my parents. He asks me to forgive him. I forgive him now as I see a larger picture with my family who I want to learn from the past and fight for the nation", says Cedric Nsabimana (Rwanda genocide survivor). While Anita Umuhire, eight years at the time of the genocide, lost more than 10 members of her family, recalls the time when she managed to escape. "We were at home when it first started. Like many people, we did not understand the gravity of what was happening until my friends started dying and the killers broke into our home, trying to find if we had ties with the enemies. We started hiding behind the bushes and spent three weeks. A family priest came to help us escape and took us to his parish but it wasn’t safe for us because by then our family had been affiliated to ''the enemy'', but anyhow we managed to escape to Hotel des Milles Collines (Hotel Rwanda). Hence, the escape was not so easy for us, Umuhire said. At the time of the genocide which was sparked after the killing of then president, it took survivors long to rebuild their lives. But now the unity and togetherness give them hope for a better and safer future for their family to live in. "My neighbours helped me in surviving when I was running on the streets. Now I see a completely different picture of Rwanda and the mentality of the people. We now do not see each other as any ethnic group but just as Rwandian. Those people who did genocide are now friends, family and neighbours. This is just because of forgiveness. Hence no matter what happens again with us, we should always remember that we are accountable to one another, says Cedric, who is now a father of an eight-month-old son. While Umuhire, emphasises how better education and good leadership plays an important role for any country to develop it's fractured economy/stability and wants her child to dream big. "Education is very important. It's the tool that opens up one's mind and allows them to use their own judgement and make good decisions. Our people were taught hate through bad leadership which resulted in the murder of millions and left so many wounded for life but through education, people are now able to make better judgement calls and realise that what unites us is bigger than what separates us", Umuhire added. Both the survivors feel, they are proud of their country to which Victor Kgomoeswana, an author from Africa agrees and says, "Africa is the best run country by far. Evidence being its economy and political stability now." "We commemorate every year not to revenge but to tell the world that Rwandian is accountable for each other and can find a solution to its all problems," added Kgomoeswana.

Forgiveness is the only way forward for Rwanda genocide survivors

Aparna Kumar, the first Indian woman police officer to reach the South Pole, talks to WION's Ayushi Agarwal about her inspiration (her mother) and the brains behind her expeditions (her husband). Age should not hold you back, she says, nor should gender. But most importantly, she tells Indian women that sports is&nbsp;in no way a male doman. Dream it and do it, she says. Excerpts from their conversation:&nbsp;&nbsp;

WION:&nbsp;How did the idea of reaching the South Pole come to you?

Aparna:&nbsp;The journey actually started in 2013 when I was posted as the Commander of 9th battalion PAC&nbsp;(previously known as Special Police Force in Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh. It used to take care of high altitudes of Uttarakhand along the Indo-Tibetan border (like Kedarnath, Badrinath and many others). People used to tell&nbsp;me about their adventurous stories and their experiences on walking on snow and pulling their own sledge full of luggage. It really made me curious. I thought of giving it a try as I have been good with sports in&nbsp;the past. The curiosity and my interest made me take the task up.&nbsp;

WION:&nbsp;Tell us about your training for the expedition.&nbsp;

Aparna: I took basic mountaineering course from Manali in 2013. I just thought of learning the basics and didn't have any climbing plans. I was adjudged with A grade, which made it possible for me to pursue an advanced mountaineering course which I completed in July 2014. The course made me eligible for expeditions. Shortly after, my training began. I knew I had to be physically and mentally strong as the task demands a&nbsp;lot of vigour.&nbsp;

WION: Your inspiration behind the arduous task?&nbsp;

Aparna: My mother is my inspiration, she is a very strong lady. Other than her, what adds glory to my endeavours is my husband's support who encourages me a lot.

WION: How did you juggle your profession with this expedition?&nbsp;

Aparna: Its tough, obviously, it is like walking on both the edges of life. As a mother of two, I have responsibilities of both profession and family on my shoulders. But I know how to manage time. My well-wishers, friends, and family have made my life smoother. But when I first thought of climbing, I informed my husband of joining basic mountaineering learning. He just told me one thing that keeps me going smoothly in life which was, ''As an IPS officer, it is your responsibility of completing whatever task has been assigned to you. So you have to complete the whole learning process and do not have to think of giving up at any point.'' This really made my life easier.

WION: What was the most challenging moment in your journey? Had you ever thought that you may not achieve what you set out for?&nbsp;

APARNA: The most challenging moment that I faced was regarding my health issues. When I was getting trained for the South Pole, I was suffering from fever, cough and cold. After a few X-rays and reports, I was diagnosed with pneumonia. I became restless as I had to leave for Chile on 30th December. I was worried and put on medication for 20 days and was given pneumonia drugs. I was asked not to get trained and exercise till then. So the whole month of November was very challenging. The other challenge that I had to face was during my training of skiing. As for the South Pole expedition, skiing is basic and so I had to learn cross-country skiing for which I went to Gulmarg. &nbsp;So before going, it was tough. And when I was in the South Pole, the temperature was around -35 degree Celsius which made the conditions more different as I was the only woman among the seven team members. But this did not at any point make me think of giving up for what I planned for. I was determined and focused. This kept me going in spite of challenges.

WION: How did your family and friends react to the idea when it was first conceived? Did they feel differently?&nbsp;

APARNA: My family supports and encourages me in everything I do. This diehard resolve that I have is because of them. They are the reason behind my physical endurance and mental toughness. Yes, they felt differently as I spoke about my idea but there were no signs of doubt of my determination. What satisfies me a lot is my children's reaction (Spandana and Neelkantha). They jump in joy as I am sometimes invited as a chief guest in their school which expands their friends&nbsp;circle (which sounds so funny).

WION: Who is the&nbsp;brain is behind all your expeditions? And what are your future expedition plans?&nbsp;

APARNA: My husband is the brain behind all my expeditions. Out of seven continents, I have covered six highest peaks. The one which is left is Mount Denali in Alaska, North America which I am planning to climb next year. But before that, I am aiming for the North Pole expedition.

WION: What is the best quote in life that you believe in and which inspired you to climb&nbsp;the South Pole?&nbsp;

APARNA: The quote that I firmly believe in is that "Age is just a number, you should never give up and always work hard in whatever you think and believe in.''

WION: How did it feel, unfurling the ITBP flag at the South Pole?&nbsp;

APARNA: The feeling was inexplicable. I was relieved and glad that I converted my thoughts into actions. Unfurling the flag there was the most immense joy because I represented and made proud those people who helped me a lot during my entire journey.

WION: What is the one message that you want to give women who do not turn their thoughts into action as they think society believes sports is a male-dominated arena?&nbsp;

APARNA: Like I believe age is just a number, so I believe dreams have no gender. My message to all women is to dream, have a vision and fulfil that dream with perseverance by never giving up.

Aparna Kumar, the first Indian woman police officer to reach the South Pole, talks to WION's Ayushi Agarwal about her inspiration (her mother) and the brains behind her expeditions (her husband).

Aparna Kumar, the first Indian woman police officer to reach the South Pole, talks to WION's Ayushi Agarwal about her inspiration (her mother) and the brains behind her expeditions (her husband). Age should not hold you back, she says, nor should gender. But most importantly, she tells Indian women that sports is in no way a male doman. Dream it and do it, she says. Excerpts from their conversation: WION: How did the idea of reaching the South Pole come to you? Aparna: The journey actually started in 2013 when I was posted as the Commander of 9th battalion PAC (previously known as Special Police Force in Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh. It used to take care of high altitudes of Uttarakhand along the Indo-Tibetan border (like Kedarnath, Badrinath and many others). People used to tell me about their adventurous stories and their experiences on walking on snow and pulling their own sledge full of luggage. It really made me curious. I thought of giving it a try as I have been good with sports in the past. The curiosity and my interest made me take the task up. WION: Tell us about your training for the expedition. Aparna: I took basic mountaineering course from Manali in 2013. I just thought of learning the basics and didn't have any climbing plans. I was adjudged with A grade, which made it possible for me to pursue an advanced mountaineering course which I completed in July 2014. The course made me eligible for expeditions. Shortly after, my training began. I knew I had to be physically and mentally strong as the task demands a lot of vigour. WION: Your inspiration behind the arduous task? Aparna: My mother is my inspiration, she is a very strong lady. Other than her, what adds glory to my endeavours is my husband's support who encourages me a lot. WION: How did you juggle your profession with this expedition? Aparna: Its tough, obviously, it is like walking on both the edges of life. As a mother of two, I have responsibilities of both profession and family on my shoulders. But I know how to manage time. My well-wishers, friends, and family have made my life smoother. But when I first thought of climbing, I informed my husband of joining basic mountaineering learning. He just told me one thing that keeps me going smoothly in life which was, ''As an IPS officer, it is your responsibility of completing whatever task has been assigned to you. So you have to complete the whole learning process and do not have to think of giving up at any point.'' This really made my life easier. WION: What was the most challenging moment in your journey? Had you ever thought that you may not achieve what you set out for? APARNA: The most challenging moment that I faced was regarding my health issues. When I was getting trained for the South Pole, I was suffering from fever, cough and cold. After a few X-rays and reports, I was diagnosed with pneumonia. I became restless as I had to leave for Chile on 30th December. I was worried and put on medication for 20 days and was given pneumonia drugs. I was asked not to get trained and exercise till then. So the whole month of November was very challenging. The other challenge that I had to face was during my training of skiing. As for the South Pole expedition, skiing is basic and so I had to learn cross-country skiing for which I went to Gulmarg. So before going, it was tough. And when I was in the South Pole, the temperature was around -35 degree Celsius which made the conditions more different as I was the only woman among the seven team members. But this did not at any point make me think of giving up for what I planned for. I was determined and focused. This kept me going in spite of challenges. WION: How did your family and friends react to the idea when it was first conceived? Did they feel differently? APARNA: My family supports and encourages me in everything I do. This diehard resolve that I have is because of them. They are the reason behind my physical endurance and mental toughness. Yes, they felt differently as I spoke about my idea but there were no signs of doubt of my determination. What satisfies me a lot is my children's reaction (Spandana and Neelkantha). They jump in joy as I am sometimes invited as a chief guest in their school which expands their friends circle (which sounds so funny). WION: Who is the brain is behind all your expeditions? And what are your future expedition plans? APARNA: My husband is the brain behind all my expeditions. Out of seven continents, I have covered six highest peaks. The one which is left is Mount Denali in Alaska, North America which I am planning to climb next year. But before that, I am aiming for the North Pole expedition. WION: What is the best quote in life that you believe in and which inspired you to climb the South Pole? APARNA: The quote that I firmly believe in is that "Age is just a number, you should never give up and always work hard in whatever you think and believe in.'' WION: How did it feel, unfurling the ITBP flag at the South Pole? APARNA: The feeling was inexplicable. I was relieved and glad that I converted my thoughts into actions. Unfurling the flag there was the most immense joy because I represented and made proud those people who helped me a lot during my entire journey. WION: What is the one message that you want to give women who do not turn their thoughts into action as they think society believes sports is a male-dominated arena? APARNA: Like I believe age is just a number, so I believe dreams have no gender. My message to all women is to dream, have a vision and fulfil that dream with perseverance by never giving up.

Age is just a number... dreams have no gender: Aparna Kumar, 1st woman IPS officer to reach South Pole, to WION

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Zee News Rajasthan

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Ayushi Agarwal

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Rajasthan News in Hindi: In-depth coverage of Rajasthan Crime, Political News, Education, Rajasthan Weather Update and Latest Rajasthan News on Zee News Rajasthan.