The UN has asked Pakistan to reverse the “reconstructions” at Taxila that undermined the integrity of two historical sites in Taxila, a UNESCO heritage site. Failure to comply with the direction will result in being placed in the organisation's “danger list” or stripped of its World Heritage status if compliance is not met.&nbsp;It has been reminded that it had previously stripped a World Heritage Site in Germany and would not consider twice to strip Mohra Moradu and Sirkap due to “unnecessary interventions”.UNESCO found that original walls were being replaced with new construction or their height was being raised, an intervention that could affect the integrity of the site. Punjab Archaeology Department Director General Malik Zaheer has rejected the characterisation, saying that the work was a reconstruction.Also read: <a href="https://www.wionews.com/india-news/gujarat-ats-arrests-eight-jaish-e-mohammed-terror-network-1783088879880">Gujarat ATS arrests eight alleged Jaish-e-Mohammed operatives, foils bid to build terror network</a><h2>What are the UN Rules for reconstruction?</h2>The United Nations follows the rigid rules of reconstruction, most of which are primarily mandated for only ‘exceptional circumstances’ such as damages due to conflict and major natural disasters. The UN reconstruction plans are meant to preserve the Outstanding Universal Value (OUV) of each site, the reason for which it was inscribed in the first place. UNESCO defines OUV as ‘cultural and/or natural significance which is so exceptional as to transcend national boundaries and to be of common importance for present and future generations of all humanity’. &nbsp;But within the context of recovery, which addresses the “questions of reconciliation and cannot rewrite history”. There is no scope for guesswork, “what it might have looked like”; it must be based on detailed and verified documentation. UNESCO prioritises opting for virtual projections, digital mapping, and museum exhibitions where the remaining materials are absent.&nbsp;

UNESCO has warned Pakistan to reverse reconstruction work at Taxila, saying the changes could threaten the integrity of the World Heritage site

The UN has asked Pakistan to reverse the “reconstructions” at Taxila that undermined the integrity of two historical sites in Taxila, a UNESCO heritage site. Failure to comply with the direction will result in being placed in the organisation's “danger list” or stripped of its World Heritage status if compliance is not met. It has been reminded that it had previously stripped a World Heritage Site in Germany and would not consider twice to strip Mohra Moradu and Sirkap due to “unnecessary interventions”. UNESCO found that original walls were being replaced with new construction or their height was being raised, an intervention that could affect the integrity of the site. Punjab Archaeology Department Director General Malik Zaheer has rejected the characterisation, saying that the work was a reconstruction. Also read: Gujarat ATS arrests eight alleged Jaish-e-Mohammed operatives, foils bid to build terror network What are the UN Rules for reconstruction? The United Nations follows the rigid rules of reconstruction, most of which are primarily mandated for only ‘exceptional circumstances’ such as damages due to conflict and major natural disasters. The UN reconstruction plans are meant to preserve the Outstanding Universal Value (OUV) of each site, the reason for which it was inscribed in the first place. UNESCO defines OUV as ‘cultural and/or natural significance which is so exceptional as to transcend national boundaries and to be of common importance for present and future generations of all humanity’. But within the context of recovery, which addresses the “questions of reconciliation and cannot rewrite history”. There is no scope for guesswork, “what it might have looked like”; it must be based on detailed and verified documentation. UNESCO prioritises opting for virtual projections, digital mapping, and museum exhibitions where the remaining materials are absent.

UNESCO has warned Pakistan to reverse reconstruction work at Taxila, saying the changes could threaten the integrity of the World Heritage site

Pakistan's Taxila reconstruction: What are the UN Rules for reconstruction

In Pics | Top historical places in the world

The Chief Minister of Assam, Himanta Biswa Sarma announced on Monday that the Centre has nominated the maidams of Ahom Kingdom in Charaideo to seek a UNESCO World Heritage Site tag for the historic site. These maidams were chosen out of 52 sites for the UNESCO World Heritage Site tag for the cultural heritage category.

The nomination of the Charaideo maidams comes at the time when India is celebrating the 400th birth anniversary of Lachit Barphukan, who was the legendary general from the Ahom Kingdom who fought the Mughals in 1671.&nbsp;

<h2>What are Charaideo Maidams?</h2>

The Charaideo Maidams are the representation of the late medieval mound burial tradition of the Tai Ahom community in Assam. The Ahoms ruled Assam for more than 600 years after which the British took over Assam in 1826 ending their rule over the region. The Charaideo is situated more than 400 km east of Guwahati. Guwahati was the first capital of the Ahom dynasty and was founded by Chao Lung Siu-Ka-Pha in 1253.&nbsp;

Till now, 386 Maidams are explored and 90 royal burials have been preserved at Charaideo. These burials are seen as showpieces of the mound burial tradition of the Ahom community. After the 18th century, Ahoms adopted the Hindu cremation method and began to entomb the cremated bones and ashes in a Maidam at Charaideo.

Currently, the Maidams are managed by the Archaeological Survey of India and the State Department of Archaeology under the Ancient Monuments and Sites Remains Act 1958, and under the Assam Ancient Monuments and Records Act 1959.&nbsp;

<h2>Who are the Ahom people?</h2>

The Ahom, also known as the Tai-Ahom, are an ethnic group found in the Indian states of Assam and Arunachal Pradesh. Members of this group are mixed descendants of the Tai people who arrived in Assam's Brahmaputra valley in 1228 and the local indigenous people who joined them over time. Sukaphaa, the Tai group's leader, and his 9000 followers founded the Ahom kingdom (1228-1826 CE), which ruled over much of the Brahmaputra Valley in modern Assam until 1826.

<h2>Ahom Kingdom&nbsp;(1228–1826)</h2>

The Ahom Dynasty, a late medieval kingdom, was established in Assam's Brahmaputra Valley in 1228. It was known for its multi-ethnic mix and for successfully retaining its autonomy for 600 years, even fighting the Mughal Empire to keep its independence at one point. Chaolung Sukaphaa, the first King of the Ahom Kingdom, crossed the Patkai mountainous region to reach the Brahmaputra valley and lay the foundations of the Ahom Dynasty.

<h2>How did the Ahom Kingdom expand?</h2>

Sukaphaa and his followers obtained wet rice farming technology and shared it with the residents of the region. This technology increased agricultural output in the region. The Ahom way of life and government gradually absorbed other people in the region, such as the Barahi, resulting in a large population increase. The absorption process lasted until the Ahom Empire grew large enough to accept other ethnic groups in the 16th century.

Ahoms vs Mughals conflict of 1662

The Ahom Dynasty faced its first significant conflict with an imperial force, the Mughal Empire, in 1615. In 1662, the Mughals conquered the Ahom capital of Garhgaon but were defeated in subsequent battles. Finally, in 1671, the Ahoms, led by Lachit Borphukan, successfully repelled a strong Mughal assault, extending their borders west to the Manas River.&nbsp;

&nbsp;

The Chief Minister of Assam, Himanta Biswa Sarma announced on Monday that the Centre has nominated the maidams of Ahom Kingdom in Charaideo to seek a UNESCO World Heritage Site tag for the historic site.

The Chief Minister of Assam, Himanta Biswa Sarma announced on Monday that the Centre has nominated the maidams of Ahom Kingdom in Charaideo to seek a UNESCO World Heritage Site tag for the historic site. These maidams were chosen out of 52 sites for the UNESCO World Heritage Site tag for the cultural heritage category. The nomination of the Charaideo maidams comes at the time when India is celebrating the 400th birth anniversary of Lachit Barphukan, who was the legendary general from the Ahom Kingdom who fought the Mughals in 1671. What are Charaideo Maidams? The Charaideo Maidams are the representation of the late medieval mound burial tradition of the Tai Ahom community in Assam. The Ahoms ruled Assam for more than 600 years after which the British took over Assam in 1826 ending their rule over the region. The Charaideo is situated more than 400 km east of Guwahati. Guwahati was the first capital of the Ahom dynasty and was founded by Chao Lung Siu-Ka-Pha in 1253. Till now, 386 Maidams are explored and 90 royal burials have been preserved at Charaideo. These burials are seen as showpieces of the mound burial tradition of the Ahom community. After the 18th century, Ahoms adopted the Hindu cremation method and began to entomb the cremated bones and ashes in a Maidam at Charaideo. Currently, the Maidams are managed by the Archaeological Survey of India and the State Department of Archaeology under the Ancient Monuments and Sites Remains Act 1958, and under the Assam Ancient Monuments and Records Act 1959. Who are the Ahom people? The Ahom, also known as the Tai-Ahom, are an ethnic group found in the Indian states of Assam and Arunachal Pradesh. Members of this group are mixed descendants of the Tai people who arrived in Assam's Brahmaputra valley in 1228 and the local indigenous people who joined them over time. Sukaphaa, the Tai group's leader, and his 9000 followers founded the Ahom kingdom (1228-1826 CE), which ruled over much of the Brahmaputra Valley in modern Assam until 1826. Ahom Kingdom (1228–1826) The Ahom Dynasty, a late medieval kingdom, was established in Assam's Brahmaputra Valley in 1228. It was known for its multi-ethnic mix and for successfully retaining its autonomy for 600 years, even fighting the Mughal Empire to keep its independence at one point. Chaolung Sukaphaa, the first King of the Ahom Kingdom, crossed the Patkai mountainous region to reach the Brahmaputra valley and lay the foundations of the Ahom Dynasty. How did the Ahom Kingdom expand? Sukaphaa and his followers obtained wet rice farming technology and shared it with the residents of the region. This technology increased agricultural output in the region. The Ahom way of life and government gradually absorbed other people in the region, such as the Barahi, resulting in a large population increase. The absorption process lasted until the Ahom Empire grew large enough to accept other ethnic groups in the 16th century. Ahoms vs Mughals conflict of 1662 The Ahom Dynasty faced its first significant conflict with an imperial force, the Mughal Empire, in 1615. In 1662, the Mughals conquered the Ahom capital of Garhgaon but were defeated in subsequent battles. Finally, in 1671, the Ahoms, led by Lachit Borphukan, successfully repelled a strong Mughal assault, extending their borders west to the Manas River.

Assam's 'Maidams' as India's entry for UNESCO tag: A look into Ahom kingdom, its history and significance

Italy's Porticoes of Bologna have been added to the UNESCO list of World Heritage. Italy has numerous World Heritage, but this is the first for the northern city and its famous porticoes, typical of its streetscapes.

Bologna's porticoes earn UNESCO Heritage status | WION