<p>Kings and monarchs have been known for committing atrocities, killing people and being ruthless in nature.&nbsp;</p>

<p>However, Russia's first tsar - Ivan the Terrible - has etched another kind of arc in history where he has been found to be the cruellest tyrant to have existed on Earth 440 years ago.&nbsp;</p>

<p>To understand how he actually looked and how cold his gaze was,&nbsp;scientists have now reconstructed his face using his skull.</p>

<h2><strong>All about Ivan the Terrible</strong></h2>

<p>Russia's first tsar Ivan the Terrible, in his rule, expanded his empire and transformed his country.&nbsp;</p>

<p>However, he is remembered for his barbarity and for cruelly treating his subjects by boiling them alive or roasting and impaling them, getting them torn apart by horses and drowning them under the ice.</p>

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<p>He is even believed to have beaten his own son to death, after he confronted him for hitting the prince's pregnant wife which led to her miscarriage.&nbsp;</p>

<p>However, the true face of the tsar was lost in history and now his face has been reconstructed to understand how he actually looked.&nbsp;</p>

<p>In 1963, the grave of the tsar was excavated by Soviet scientist Mikhail Gerasimov.</p>

<p>The work's lead author Cicero Moraes said, "According to Dr Gerasimov's study, it appears that Ivan indulged in a disorderly life of excessive eating and alcohol abuse."</p>

<p>"This must have worsened his condition in his last years. This is in contrast to the appearance he had when younger, when he was described as tall, with beautiful hair, broad shoulders, strong muscles, and a pleasant face," he added.</p>

<p>"An interesting fact is that they found a large amount of mercury in his body, which made some suspect poisoning. But given the habits of the time, it may have been used as a treatment for some health problem," Moraes further added.</p>

<h2><strong>How the face was reconstructed?</strong></h2>

<p>Several approaches were combined to reconstruct the final face. In one method, data from living donors was used to understand the likely thickness of the skin of the tsar on his skull.&nbsp;</p>

<p>Another technique put to work was anatomical deformation, in which a living donor's face and skull were digitally altered till they matched the dimensions of Ivan the Terrible.</p>

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<div class="videoWrapper trancodeVideo"><iframe allowfullscreen="" autoplay="1" class="includeVideo" frameborder="0" height="350" src="https://www.wionews.com/videos/assassination-attempt-on-trump-a-history-of-us-presidents-targeted-by-gunmen-740773/embed" style="width:100%;max-width:560px;" width="560"></iframe></div>

<p>"The final bust was a combination of all this data," said Moraes, who is a Brazilian graphics expert. He said it has a "strong and determined" likeness.</p>

<p>"It was a very interesting experience, as it involved not only facial approximation, but the study of the tsar's history," Moraes added.&nbsp;</p>

<p><em>(With inputs from agencies)</em></p>


Kings and monarchs have been known for committing atrocities, killing people and being ruthless in nature. However, Russia's first tsar - Ivan the Terrible - has etched another kind of arc in history where he has been found to be the cruellest tyrant to have existed on Earth 440 years ago.

Kings and monarchs have been known for committing atrocities, killing people and being ruthless in nature. However, Russia's first tsar - Ivan the Terrible - has etched another kind of arc in history where he has been found to be the cruellest tyrant to have existed on Earth 440 years ago. To understand how he actually looked and how cold his gaze was, scientists have now reconstructed his face using his skull. All about Ivan the Terrible Russia's first tsar Ivan the Terrible, in his rule, expanded his empire and transformed his country. However, he is remembered for his barbarity and for cruelly treating his subjects by boiling them alive or roasting and impaling them, getting them torn apart by horses and drowning them under the ice. Also Read: 7,000 historical documents of Indian diaspora in Oman digitised He is even believed to have beaten his own son to death, after he confronted him for hitting the prince's pregnant wife which led to her miscarriage. However, the true face of the tsar was lost in history and now his face has been reconstructed to understand how he actually looked. In 1963, the grave of the tsar was excavated by Soviet scientist Mikhail Gerasimov. The work's lead author Cicero Moraes said, "According to Dr Gerasimov's study, it appears that Ivan indulged in a disorderly life of excessive eating and alcohol abuse." "This must have worsened his condition in his last years. This is in contrast to the appearance he had when younger, when he was described as tall, with beautiful hair, broad shoulders, strong muscles, and a pleasant face," he added. "An interesting fact is that they found a large amount of mercury in his body, which made some suspect poisoning. But given the habits of the time, it may have been used as a treatment for some health problem," Moraes further added. How the face was reconstructed? Several approaches were combined to reconstruct the final face. In one method, data from living donors was used to understand the likely thickness of the skin of the tsar on his skull. Another technique put to work was anatomical deformation, in which a living donor's face and skull were digitally altered till they matched the dimensions of Ivan the Terrible. Watch: 'Assassination attempt' on Trump | A history of US Presidents targeted by gunmen "The final bust was a combination of all this data," said Moraes, who is a Brazilian graphics expert. He said it has a "strong and determined" likeness. "It was a very interesting experience, as it involved not only facial approximation, but the study of the tsar's history," Moraes added. (With inputs from agencies)

This is the face of cruellest man who boiled his subjects alive nearly 440 years ago

<p>The reconstruction&nbsp;of Mosul's international airport, which was still in ruins five years after the conflict that drove the Islamic state group from the city, was officially launched on Wednesday by Iraqi Prime Minister Mustafa al-Kadhemi.</p>

<p>Since the recapture of Mosul by Iraqi forces assisted by a US-led international coalition in July 2017, entire areas of the northern metropolis have remained in debris.&nbsp;</p>

<p>Since the alleged jihadists took control of Mosul and the surrounding territories in 2014, the airport, which sustained significant damage during the conflict, has been abandoned.</p>

<p>In a formal ceremony, PM Kadhemi laid the cornerstone for the airport's renovation on the southern suburbs of Mosul.</p>

<p><img alt="Iraq PM Al-Kadhimi lays the foundation stone for the reconstruction of Mosul International Airport. " data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="6ffb0b31-0b08-4285-917d-c8367097da95" src="//cdn.wionews.com/sites/default/files/inline-images/upload_1660112822_1453634676.jpg" /></p>

<p><strong><em>Iraq PM Al-Kadhimi lays the foundation stone for the reconstruction of Mosul International Airport. Photo credits: Iraqi News Agency</em></strong></p>

<p>The reconstruction has been contracted to two Turkish businesses and is anticipated to take 24 months, according to airport director Haider Ali.&nbsp;</p>

<p>The 1.5 million-person metropolis has resumed some sort of normalcy despite the glacial pace of reconstruction: stores have reopened, traffic jams have returned, and international organisations have started supporting restoration initiatives for historical landmarks.</p>

<p>Huge obstacles still exist, though.</p>

<p>The Red Cross calculated that by the end of 2021, just 35% of people in west Mosul and less than 15% of people in east Mosul, which took the brunt of the war, had access to enough water to meet their daily needs.</p>

<p>In a statement sent by his office, Kadhemi was cited as saying that "great efforts" were being made to reconstruct the city.</p>

<p>According to the state news agency INA, a province official mentioned a $266 million budget in January for significant rehabilitation projects, particularly in the health, education, and transportation sectors for 2021–2022.</p>

<p><em>(With inputs from agencies)</em></p>

<p>&nbsp;</p>


The reconstruction of Mosul's international airport, which was still in ruins five years after the conflict that drove the Islamic state group from the city, was officially launched on Wednesday by Iraqi Prime Minister Mustafa al-Kadhemi.

The reconstruction of Mosul's international airport, which was still in ruins five years after the conflict that drove the Islamic state group from the city, was officially launched on Wednesday by Iraqi Prime Minister Mustafa al-Kadhemi. Since the recapture of Mosul by Iraqi forces assisted by a US-led international coalition in July 2017, entire areas of the northern metropolis have remained in debris. Since the alleged jihadists took control of Mosul and the surrounding territories in 2014, the airport, which sustained significant damage during the conflict, has been abandoned. In a formal ceremony, PM Kadhemi laid the cornerstone for the airport's renovation on the southern suburbs of Mosul. Iraq PM Al-Kadhimi lays the foundation stone for the reconstruction of Mosul International Airport. Photo credits: Iraqi News Agency The reconstruction has been contracted to two Turkish businesses and is anticipated to take 24 months, according to airport director Haider Ali. The 1.5 million-person metropolis has resumed some sort of normalcy despite the glacial pace of reconstruction: stores have reopened, traffic jams have returned, and international organisations have started supporting restoration initiatives for historical landmarks. Huge obstacles still exist, though. The Red Cross calculated that by the end of 2021, just 35% of people in west Mosul and less than 15% of people in east Mosul, which took the brunt of the war, had access to enough water to meet their daily needs. In a statement sent by his office, Kadhemi was cited as saying that "great efforts" were being made to reconstruct the city. According to the state news agency INA, a province official mentioned a $266 million budget in January for significant rehabilitation projects, particularly in the health, education, and transportation sectors for 2021–2022. (With inputs from agencies)

Iraq begins work on reconstructing the Mosul airport

<p>The face of a petite and dark-haired woman has been reconstructed by the researchers. What is special about this woman is that she was one of the richest residents of Bronze-Age Bohemia as she was buried with two gold earrings, five bronze bracelets and a three-strand necklace with over 400 amber beads. Not just this, three bronze sewing needles were also placed along with her body in the tomb. This rich woman was a part of the Únětice culture.&nbsp;</p>

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<p>Michal Ernée, archaeologist, Institute of Archeology of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, told Live Science, "It's maybe the richest female grave from the whole Únětice cultural region." It is still unclear who the woman was, added Ernée. &nbsp;</p>

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<p>As per the radiocarbon dating of her cemetery, the woman seems to have lived between 1880 BC and 1750 BC. The graveyard is located near Mikulovice village in Czech Republic. The area is known as Bohemia as it comprised a kingdom of the same name before World War I. &nbsp;&nbsp;</p>

<p><strong>Watch | Superfetation: Can a woman get pregnant again while already being pregnant?</strong></p>

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<p>The skeletal remains of the richest woman provided the basis for a reconstruction, Ernée said. The bones were also well preserved and contained the pieces of the DNA of the woman. It also enabled the experts to find her eyes and hair were brown. Her skin was also fair.&nbsp;&nbsp;</p>

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<p dir="ltr" lang="en">Frequent cultural, genetic &amp; social change epitomises central <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/European?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#European</a> <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/history?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#history</a> from Stone Age to Early Bronze Age. New study by <a href="https://twitter.com/LukaPapac2?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">@LukaPapac2</a>, Michal Ernée, <a href="https://twitter.com/haak_wolfgang?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">@haak_wolfgang</a> &amp; colleagues. <a href="https://twitter.com/MPI_EVA_Leipzig?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">@MPI_EVA_Leipzig</a> <a href="https://twitter.com/MPI_SHH?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">@MPI_SHH</a> <a href="https://twitter.com/Akademie_ved_CR?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">@Akademie_ved_CR</a> <a href="https://t.co/wQrl2urUVy">https://t.co/wQrl2urUVy</a> &amp; <a href="https://t.co/JyElrzC193">https://t.co/JyElrzC193</a> <a href="https://t.co/e5fAzyKQNo">pic.twitter.com/e5fAzyKQNo</a></p>
— MPI-EVA Leipzig (@MPI_EVA_Leipzig) <a href="https://twitter.com/MPI_EVA_Leipzig/status/1430591051140587529?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">August 25, 2021</a></blockquote>
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<p>To make the woman’s torso-up model, anthropologist Eva Vaníčková of the Moravian Museum in Brno collaborated with sculptor Ondřej Bílek. &nbsp;&nbsp;</p>

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<p><em>(With inputs from agencies)&nbsp;</em></p>

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The face of a petite and dark-haired woman has been reconstructed by the researchers. What is special about this woman is that she was one of the richest residents of Bronze-Age Bohemia as she was buried with two gold earrings, five bronze bracelets and a three-strand necklace with over 400 amber beads.

The face of a petite and dark-haired woman has been reconstructed by the researchers. What is special about this woman is that she was one of the richest residents of Bronze-Age Bohemia as she was buried with two gold earrings, five bronze bracelets and a three-strand necklace with over 400 amber beads. Not just this, three bronze sewing needles were also placed along with her body in the tomb. This rich woman was a part of the Únětice culture. × Michal Ernée, archaeologist, Institute of Archeology of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, told Live Science, "It's maybe the richest female grave from the whole Únětice cultural region." It is still unclear who the woman was, added Ernée. Also Read: Surprising discovery: Scandinavian small silver coin found in Hungary by metal detectorist As per the radiocarbon dating of her cemetery, the woman seems to have lived between 1880 BC and 1750 BC. The graveyard is located near Mikulovice village in Czech Republic. The area is known as Bohemia as it comprised a kingdom of the same name before World War I. Watch | Superfetation: Can a woman get pregnant again while already being pregnant? The skeletal remains of the richest woman provided the basis for a reconstruction, Ernée said. The bones were also well preserved and contained the pieces of the DNA of the woman. It also enabled the experts to find her eyes and hair were brown. Her skin was also fair. Frequent cultural, genetic & social change epitomises central #European #history from Stone Age to Early Bronze Age. New study by @LukaPapac2, Michal Ernée, @haak_wolfgang & colleagues. @MPI_EVA_Leipzig @MPI_SHH @Akademie_ved_CR https://t.co/wQrl2urUVy & https://t.co/JyElrzC193 pic.twitter.com/e5fAzyKQNo — MPI-EVA Leipzig (@MPI_EVA_Leipzig) August 25, 2021 × To make the woman’s torso-up model, anthropologist Eva Vaníčková of the Moravian Museum in Brno collaborated with sculptor Ondřej Bílek. WATCH WION LIVE HERE (With inputs from agencies) You can now write for wionews.com and be a part of the community. Share your stories and opinions with us here. ×

Researchers reconstruct face of rich Bronze-Age Bohemian woman. Check out amazing picture!

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