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<p>Jupiter, the largest planet in our solar system, has been a topic of fascination among astronomers for decades. A whopping 95 Jupiter moons have been&nbsp;officially discovered and recognised to date. These moons have generated an equal amount of interest, especially lo, the one that sees intense volcanic activity.</p>

<p>Juno, the NASA spacecraft orbiting Jupiter,&nbsp;has captured some extremely close images of Jupiter's tortured moon, Io, the most volcanic world in our solar system. These images are unlike anything you have ever seen and might even give you the shivers.</p>

<p>Juno, on December 30, was just some 930 miles (1.500 kilometres) away from Jupiter's volcanic moon. Juno has moved progressively closer to Io over the last year. In space terms, this distance is quite close, only three times farther than the Hubble telescope orbits Earth.&nbsp;</p>

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<p dir="ltr" lang="en">On Dec. 30, our <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/JunoMission?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#JunoMission</a> made its closest-ever approach to Jupiter’s moon Io, soaring about 930 miles (1,500 km) above the solar system’s most volcanic world.<br />
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Juno captured Io’s molten surface and will return for another look in February: <a href="https://t.co/UnZpyaFMsC">https://t.co/UnZpyaFMsC</a> <a href="https://t.co/NO4iGndmZ0">pic.twitter.com/NO4iGndmZ0</a></p>
— NASA (@NASA) <a href="https://twitter.com/NASA/status/1742310312571760843?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">January 2, 2024</a></blockquote>
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<p>Juno survived the extreme radiation around the gas giant to make the near pass and captured impressive images of volcanoes on Jupiter's volcano-blanketed moon. Such high levels of radiation could damage the spacecraft's instruments. For example, a radiation surge during an Io flyby caused the loss of some pictures in 2022.</p>

<p>In 2016, NASA's Alas arrived around Jupiter and endured after following a 1,740-million-mile journey.</p>

<p>Professional and amateur image processors working for NASA or related space research programmes have processed the images sent by NASA's Juno, removing the noise and distortion. Over the two decades, these images are the closest views of Io captured.&nbsp;</p>

<h2><strong>About NASA's Juno</strong></h2>

<p>Juno has performed 56 flybys of Jupiter, documenting close encounters with three of its four largest moons. Juno's principal investigator, Scott Bolton of the Southwest Research Institute in San Antonio, Texas, said, "By combining data from this flyby with our previous observations, the Juno science team is studying how Io's volcanoes vary."</p>

<p><strong>ALSO READ |&nbsp;</strong><a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/perihelion-day-2024-when-earth-is-closest-to-the-sun-all-you-need-to-know-about-astronomical-event-675924">Perihelion Day 2024: When Earth is closest to the Sun | All you need to know about astronomical event</a></p>

<p>Using Juno, researchers will study Io's volcanoes, including their eruption frequencies, brightness, temperatures, and changes in the shape of the lava flow. They will also use the spacecraft to study how Io's activity connects to the flow of charged particles in Jupiter's magnetosphere.&nbsp;</p>
<img alt="Montage of all 5 images of Io taken by NASA Juno 's JunoCAM instrument during the PJ49 encounter on December 30." data-align="center" data-caption="Montage of all 5 images of Io taken by NASA Juno 's JunoCAM instrument during the PJ49 encounter on December 30." data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="4ec455bd-c1bc-4e18-9586-ebf611fbeb06" src="//cdn.wionews.com/sites/default/files/inline-images/Jupiter%27s%20Io%20%282%29.png" />
<p>Juno will make another close flyby on February 3.</p>

<p>Juno is a part of NASA's New Frontiers Program, managed at NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Alabama, for the agency's Science Mission Directorate in Washington. Researchers at NASA will also use Juno to find the source of Io's massive volcanic activity. They will also study the significance of tidal forces from Jupiter, which relentlessly squeeze the tortured moon.</p>

<p>NASA's spacecraft has been watching Io's volcanic activities from distances ranging from about 6,830 miles (11,000 kilometres) to over 62,100 miles (100,000 kilometres). Juo gave the first glimpse of the moon's north and south poles. It has also made close flybys of Jupiter's icy moons, Ganymede and Europa.&nbsp;</p>

<p><em>(With inputs from agencies)</em></p>


Jupiter, the largest planet in our solar system, has been a topic of fascination among astronomers for decades. A whopping 95 Jupiter moons have been officially discovered and recognised to date.

Jupiter, the largest planet in our solar system, has been a topic of fascination among astronomers for decades. A whopping 95 Jupiter moons have been officially discovered and recognised to date. These moons have generated an equal amount of interest, especially lo, the one that sees intense volcanic activity. Juno, the NASA spacecraft orbiting Jupiter, has captured some extremely close images of Jupiter's tortured moon, Io, the most volcanic world in our solar system. These images are unlike anything you have ever seen and might even give you the shivers. Juno, on December 30, was just some 930 miles (1.500 kilometres) away from Jupiter's volcanic moon. Juno has moved progressively closer to Io over the last year. In space terms, this distance is quite close, only three times farther than the Hubble telescope orbits Earth. On Dec. 30, our #JunoMission made its closest-ever approach to Jupiter’s moon Io, soaring about 930 miles (1,500 km) above the solar system’s most volcanic world. Juno captured Io’s molten surface and will return for another look in February: https://t.co/UnZpyaFMsC pic.twitter.com/NO4iGndmZ0 — NASA (@NASA) January 2, 2024 × Juno survived the extreme radiation around the gas giant to make the near pass and captured impressive images of volcanoes on Jupiter's volcano-blanketed moon. Such high levels of radiation could damage the spacecraft's instruments. For example, a radiation surge during an Io flyby caused the loss of some pictures in 2022. In 2016, NASA's Alas arrived around Jupiter and endured after following a 1,740-million-mile journey. Professional and amateur image processors working for NASA or related space research programmes have processed the images sent by NASA's Juno, removing the noise and distortion. Over the two decades, these images are the closest views of Io captured. About NASA's Juno Juno has performed 56 flybys of Jupiter, documenting close encounters with three of its four largest moons. Juno's principal investigator, Scott Bolton of the Southwest Research Institute in San Antonio, Texas, said, "By combining data from this flyby with our previous observations, the Juno science team is studying how Io's volcanoes vary." ALSO READ | Perihelion Day 2024: When Earth is closest to the Sun | All you need to know about astronomical event Using Juno, researchers will study Io's volcanoes, including their eruption frequencies, brightness, temperatures, and changes in the shape of the lava flow. They will also use the spacecraft to study how Io's activity connects to the flow of charged particles in Jupiter's magnetosphere. Juno will make another close flyby on February 3. Juno is a part of NASA's New Frontiers Program, managed at NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Alabama, for the agency's Science Mission Directorate in Washington. Researchers at NASA will also use Juno to find the source of Io's massive volcanic activity. They will also study the significance of tidal forces from Jupiter, which relentlessly squeeze the tortured moon. NASA's spacecraft has been watching Io's volcanic activities from distances ranging from about 6,830 miles (11,000 kilometres) to over 62,100 miles (100,000 kilometres). Juo gave the first glimpse of the moon's north and south poles. It has also made close flybys of Jupiter's icy moons, Ganymede and Europa. (With inputs from agencies)

These closest-ever photos of Jupiter's moon blasting lava will give you cold shivers

<p><a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/nasa-to-explore-venus-moons-of-jupiter-and-neptune-next-280844">NASA</a> is taking the help of citizen scientists to unveil a side of Jupiter that's never been seen before.</p>

<p>The agency is tapping the potential of amateur astronomers for assistance with its ongoing Juno mission.</p>

<p>Since 2016, the <a href="https://www.wionews.com/science-tech/nasas-juno-successfully-begins-orbiting-jupiter-1818">Juno spacecraft</a> has circled <a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/nasa-to-explore-venus-moons-of-jupiter-and-neptune-next-280844">Jupiter</a>, scanning the atmosphere and mapping its magnetic and gravitational fields.</p>

<p><strong>Also read:</strong><a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/nasa-to-explore-venus-moons-of-jupiter-and-neptune-next-280844"><strong> NASA to explore Venus, moons of Jupiter and Neptune next</strong></a></p>

<p>It's also carrying JunoCam, a camera specifically designed to record images of the poles and the areas of the gas giant which have not been documented properly before.</p>

<div class="zn-body__paragraph">According to Candice Hansen-Koharcheck, co-investigator responsible for JunoCam, "we do not have a formal imaging science team on Juno, so we have turned to the public to help us out".</div>

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<div class="zn-body__paragraph"><img alt="Jupiter " data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="9d615fff-ea2f-4310-a738-6c58885c28cf" src="//cdn.wionews.com/sites/default/files/inline-images/Untitled%20design%286%29_0.jpg" /></div>

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<div class="zn-body__paragraph"><em>In photo: A collage of the ultra-wide-view of Jupiter</em></div>

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<div class="zn-body__paragraph"><em>(Image courtesy: NASA)</em></div>

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<div class="zn-body__paragraph">The amateur astronomy community assists with planning, she explains, determining when JunoCam should photograph the planet and where.</div>

<div class="zn-body__paragraph">&nbsp;</div>

<div class="zn-body__paragraph">Once images are sent back to Earth, the public has access to raw data, which, with a little photo editing know-how, have been processed into some of the most stunning images yet seen of <a href="https://www.wionews.com/science-tech/nasas-juno-successfully-begins-orbiting-jupiter-1818">Jupiter</a>.</div>

<div class="zn-body__paragraph">&nbsp;</div>

<div class="zn-body__read-all">
<div class="zn-body__paragraph">"I don't know what we would do without them!" says Hansen-Koharcheck. "Over the past two years we have come to rely on them ... as important members of our virtual team."</div>

<div class="zn-body__paragraph">&nbsp;</div>

<div class="zn-body__paragraph">Most the submitters create JunoCam images for the love of science.</div>

<div class="zn-body__paragraph">&nbsp;</div>

<div class="zn-body__paragraph">Designed to withstand at least seven orbits, JunoCam is still operational after 26 trips around Jupiter, with the promise of more photography to come. The mission has already been extended once and the team behind it is exploring extending it further, says Hansen-Koharcheck.</div>
</div>


NASA is taking the help of citizen scientists to unveil a side of Jupiter that's never been seen before. The agency is tapping the potential of amateur astronomers for assistance with its ongoing Juno mission.

NASA is taking the help of citizen scientists to unveil a side of Jupiter that's never been seen before. The agency is tapping the potential of amateur astronomers for assistance with its ongoing Juno mission. Since 2016, the Juno spacecraft has circled Jupiter, scanning the atmosphere and mapping its magnetic and gravitational fields. Also read: NASA to explore Venus, moons of Jupiter and Neptune next It's also carrying JunoCam, a camera specifically designed to record images of the poles and the areas of the gas giant which have not been documented properly before. According to Candice Hansen-Koharcheck, co-investigator responsible for JunoCam, "we do not have a formal imaging science team on Juno, so we have turned to the public to help us out". In photo: A collage of the ultra-wide-view of Jupiter (Image courtesy: NASA) The amateur astronomy community assists with planning, she explains, determining when JunoCam should photograph the planet and where. Once images are sent back to Earth, the public has access to raw data, which, with a little photo editing know-how, have been processed into some of the most stunning images yet seen of Jupiter. "I don't know what we would do without them!" says Hansen-Koharcheck. "Over the past two years we have come to rely on them ... as important members of our virtual team." Most the submitters create JunoCam images for the love of science. Designed to withstand at least seven orbits, JunoCam is still operational after 26 trips around Jupiter, with the promise of more photography to come. The mission has already been extended once and the team behind it is exploring extending it further, says Hansen-Koharcheck.

Citizen scientists helping public see Jupiter like it's never been seen before

<p>The interior of Jupiter is just as intriguing as the planet&#39;s dazzling surface, with a swirling mixture of liquid hydrogen and helium at its centre, vast atmospheric jet streams and exotic gravitational properties, scientists said on Wednesday.<br />
<br />
Data from NASA&#39;s Juno spacecraft, orbiting the solar system&#39;s largest planet since 2016, is providing researchers with what they called unprecedented insight into Jupiter&#39;s internal dynamics and structure. Until now, scientists have had scant information about what lies below Jupiter&#39;s thick red, brown, yellow and white clouds.<br />
<br />
&quot;Juno is designed to look beneath these clouds,&quot; said planetary science professor Yohai Kaspi of the Weizmann Institute of Science in Israel, who led part of the research using Juno&#39;s new measurements of Jupiter&#39;s gravity.<br />
<br />
&quot;On Jupiter, a gaseous planet without a solid surface, we can only gather information from orbit,&quot; added aerospace engineering professor Luciano Iess of the Sapienza University of Rome, who also led part of the research.<br />
<br />
Jupiter is a type of planet called a gas giant, as opposed to rocky planets like Earth and Mars, and its composition is 99 percent hydrogen and helium. Juno&#39;s data showed that as you go deeper under the surface, Jupiter&#39;s gas becomes ionized and eventually turns into a hot, dense metallic liquid.<br />
<br />
The scientists said Jupiter&#39;s jet streams, related to the familiar stripes on its surface, plunge some 1,800 miles (3,000 km) below cloud level, and that its deep interior is comprised of a fluid hydrogen and helium mixture that rotates as if it were a solid body.<br />
<br />
&quot;The very centre may contain a core made of high-pressure and high-temperature rocks and perhaps water, but it is believed to be fluid as well, not solid,&quot; said planetary scientist Tristan Guillot of the Universite Cote d&#39;Azur in Nice, another of the research leaders.</p>

<p>Juno&#39;s data showed a small but significant asymmetry between the gravitational field of Jupiter&#39;s northern and southern hemispheres, driven by the immense jet streams. The deeper the jets streams go, the more mass they contain, exerting a strong effect on Jupiter&#39;s gravitational field, Kaspi said.<br />
<br />
Jupiter, the fifth planet from the sun, dwarfs the solar system&#39;s other planets, measuring about 89,000 miles (143,000 km) in diameter at its equator, compared with Earth&#39;s diameter of about 8,000 miles (12,750 km). It is big enough that 1,300 Earths could fit inside it.</p>

<p>The research was published in the journal Nature.</p>


Data from NASA's Juno spacecraft, orbiting the solar system's largest planet since 2016

The interior of Jupiter is just as intriguing as the planet's dazzling surface, with a swirling mixture of liquid hydrogen and helium at its centre, vast atmospheric jet streams and exotic gravitational properties, scientists said on Wednesday. Data from NASA's Juno spacecraft, orbiting the solar system's largest planet since 2016, is providing researchers with what they called unprecedented insight into Jupiter's internal dynamics and structure. Until now, scientists have had scant information about what lies below Jupiter's thick red, brown, yellow and white clouds. "Juno is designed to look beneath these clouds," said planetary science professor Yohai Kaspi of the Weizmann Institute of Science in Israel, who led part of the research using Juno's new measurements of Jupiter's gravity. "On Jupiter, a gaseous planet without a solid surface, we can only gather information from orbit," added aerospace engineering professor Luciano Iess of the Sapienza University of Rome, who also led part of the research. Jupiter is a type of planet called a gas giant, as opposed to rocky planets like Earth and Mars, and its composition is 99 percent hydrogen and helium. Juno's data showed that as you go deeper under the surface, Jupiter's gas becomes ionized and eventually turns into a hot, dense metallic liquid. The scientists said Jupiter's jet streams, related to the familiar stripes on its surface, plunge some 1,800 miles (3,000 km) below cloud level, and that its deep interior is comprised of a fluid hydrogen and helium mixture that rotates as if it were a solid body. "The very centre may contain a core made of high-pressure and high-temperature rocks and perhaps water, but it is believed to be fluid as well, not solid," said planetary scientist Tristan Guillot of the Universite Cote d'Azur in Nice, another of the research leaders. Juno's data showed a small but significant asymmetry between the gravitational field of Jupiter's northern and southern hemispheres, driven by the immense jet streams. The deeper the jets streams go, the more mass they contain, exerting a strong effect on Jupiter's gravitational field, Kaspi said. Jupiter, the fifth planet from the sun, dwarfs the solar system's other planets, measuring about 89,000 miles (143,000 km) in diameter at its equator, compared with Earth's diameter of about 8,000 miles (12,750 km). It is big enough that 1,300 Earths could fit inside it. The research was published in the journal Nature.

NASA's Juno spacecraft strips Jupiter down to its underwear

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These closest-ever photos of Jupiter's moon blasting lava will give you cold shivers

Citizen scientists helping public see Jupiter like it's never been seen before

NASA's Juno spacecraft strips Jupiter down to its underwear