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Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) successfully completed the maiden static test fire of its 'HS200' rocket booster, at 7:20am on Friday at the Satish Dhawan Space Centre in Sriharikota. This booster is a modified, human-rated version of the existing 'S200' booster that is used on the Indian space agency's heaviest rocket, the GSLV Mk3. Friday's test is in line with the human-rating process, where the agency modifies the GSLV Mk3 rocket and its components for carrying astronauts. Simply put, the GSLV Mk3 rocket is a cargo-hauler, meant to take satellites to space. Now, it is being modified and tested to be safe and suitable for carrying humans to space, as part of India's Gaganyaan Human Spaceflight programme.

WION spoke to Dr. S. Unnikrishnan Nair, Director, Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre (VSSC) to understand the significance of the test. VSSC is the lead Centre of Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) and pioneers in rocket research and launch vehicle projects of ISRO.

According to Dr. Nair, their teams had been working on making changes to the S200 rocket booster since 2019 and had improvised right from small components such as ignitors, digital control electronics and even went on to develop ISRO's largest electro-mechanical actuators. In this case, the electro-mechanical actuator will be used to steer the S200 booster's thrust and eventually the rocket's travel, by adjusting the nozzle's direction. Friday's ground test involved the static firing of one solid booster for a duration of 135 seconds.

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<a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/Video?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#Video</a> <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/Thread?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#Thread</a> : That's 200+tons of Hydroxyl-terminated Polybutadiene burning in a Rocket engine! 
Today, <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/isro?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#isro</a> successfully completed test of human-rated S200 Solid-fuel Rocket booster 
2xS200 is the 1st stage of GSLVMk3 <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/rocket?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#rocket</a> that will take <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/Indian?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#Indian</a> <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/astronauts?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#astronauts</a> to <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/space?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#space</a> <a href="https://twitter.com/isro?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">@isro</a> <a href="https://t.co/POJuOtvDc2">pic.twitter.com/POJuOtvDc2</a>
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"Reducing chamber pressure, ensuring leak-proofness, robustness, higher margins, etc. are some of the changes we had made to the S200, to increase its reliability, as part of human-rating process" Dr. Nair said, when queried about the difference between the existing S200 and the human-rated version. He also added that nearly 700 parameters (such as chamber pressure, thrust, shock, vibration etc.) were monitored during the test and how everything turned out perfect. However, he said that the entire set of data would have to be closely examined to determine if another test of the same booster would be required.

The GSLV Mk3 is a three-stage rocket, where the first stage(S200) is powered by solid-fuel, the second stage(L110) is powered by liquid fuel and the third (C25 Cryogenic stage) is powered by liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen. In a rocket such as this, the stages function like runners in a relay race. The first stage performs its part and then hands over the task to the second, the second performs its part and then hands over the task to the third. Finally, the third stage performs its task and injects the payload (satellite or human-carrying capsule) into the desired orbit.

Notably, out of the three propulsion stages of GSLV Mk3, the human rated versions of second stage known as L110-G (loaded with liquid propellant) and the third stage C25-G (with cryogenic propellant) are in the final phase of qualification including tests with static firing.&nbsp;

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The HS200 booster test fired on Friday was loaded with 203 tons of solid propellant, the booster measures 20meters in length and 3.2meters in diameter. It is the world’s 2nd&nbsp;largest operational booster that is fuelled by solid propellant. With the successful completion of this test, ISRO marches one more step closer to Gaganyaan Programme.

ISRO has been working on the ambitious Gaganyaan mission that involves demonstrating indigenous capability to undertake human space flight mission to Low Earth Orbit and will lay the foundation for a sustained Indian human space exploration programme in the long run. As part of this programme, two unmanned missions and one manned mission are approved by Government of India.

Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) successfully completed the maiden static test fire of its 'HS200' rocket booster, at 7:20am on Friday at the Satish Dhawan Space Centre in Sriharikota.

Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) successfully completed the maiden static test fire of its 'HS200' rocket booster, at 7:20am on Friday at the Satish Dhawan Space Centre in Sriharikota. This booster is a modified, human-rated version of the existing 'S200' booster that is used on the Indian space agency's heaviest rocket, the GSLV Mk3. Friday's test is in line with the human-rating process, where the agency modifies the GSLV Mk3 rocket and its components for carrying astronauts. Simply put, the GSLV Mk3 rocket is a cargo-hauler, meant to take satellites to space. Now, it is being modified and tested to be safe and suitable for carrying humans to space, as part of India's Gaganyaan Human Spaceflight programme. WION spoke to Dr. S. Unnikrishnan Nair, Director, Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre (VSSC) to understand the significance of the test. VSSC is the lead Centre of Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) and pioneers in rocket research and launch vehicle projects of ISRO. According to Dr. Nair, their teams had been working on making changes to the S200 rocket booster since 2019 and had improvised right from small components such as ignitors, digital control electronics and even went on to develop ISRO's largest electro-mechanical actuators. In this case, the electro-mechanical actuator will be used to steer the S200 booster's thrust and eventually the rocket's travel, by adjusting the nozzle's direction. Friday's ground test involved the static firing of one solid booster for a duration of 135 seconds. #Video #Thread : That's 200+tons of Hydroxyl-terminated Polybutadiene burning in a Rocket engine! Today, #isro successfully completed test of human-rated S200 Solid-fuel Rocket booster 2xS200 is the 1st stage of GSLVMk3 #rocket that will take #Indian #astronauts to #space @isro pic.twitter.com/POJuOtvDc2 — Sidharth.M.P (@sdhrthmp) May 13, 2022 × "Reducing chamber pressure, ensuring leak-proofness, robustness, higher margins, etc. are some of the changes we had made to the S200, to increase its reliability, as part of human-rating process" Dr. Nair said, when queried about the difference between the existing S200 and the human-rated version. He also added that nearly 700 parameters (such as chamber pressure, thrust, shock, vibration etc.) were monitored during the test and how everything turned out perfect. However, he said that the entire set of data would have to be closely examined to determine if another test of the same booster would be required. The GSLV Mk3 is a three-stage rocket, where the first stage(S200) is powered by solid-fuel, the second stage(L110) is powered by liquid fuel and the third (C25 Cryogenic stage) is powered by liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen. In a rocket such as this, the stages function like runners in a relay race. The first stage performs its part and then hands over the task to the second, the second performs its part and then hands over the task to the third. Finally, the third stage performs its task and injects the payload (satellite or human-carrying capsule) into the desired orbit. Notably, out of the three propulsion stages of GSLV Mk3, the human rated versions of second stage known as L110-G (loaded with liquid propellant) and the third stage C25-G (with cryogenic propellant) are in the final phase of qualification including tests with static firing. Also read | Twitter deal temporarily on hold, says Elon Musk The HS200 booster test fired on Friday was loaded with 203 tons of solid propellant, the booster measures 20meters in length and 3.2meters in diameter. It is the world’s 2nd largest operational booster that is fuelled by solid propellant. With the successful completion of this test, ISRO marches one more step closer to Gaganyaan Programme. ISRO has been working on the ambitious Gaganyaan mission that involves demonstrating indigenous capability to undertake human space flight mission to Low Earth Orbit and will lay the foundation for a sustained Indian human space exploration programme in the long run. As part of this programme, two unmanned missions and one manned mission are approved by Government of India.

Watch: ISRO completes crucial test of Solid Rocket Booster for human spaceflight

Data Patterns, a Chennai-based firm delivered a crucial component that is meant to be used in Gaganyaan, which is India’s ambitious human spaceflight programme. The Checkout system, which was delivered to the Indian Space Research Organization, is meant to perform health checks of the various cable harness assemblies used in the Crew Module, which houses the astronauts.&nbsp;

Simply put, a cable/wire harness assembly is a grouping of wires that are designed to carry power or signals. When fully extended, the wiring in aircraft and spacecraft measure several kilometres, so the wires are bound in a harness, rather than being let loose. By being bound into a harness, the wires are protected from adverse conditions that may occur during operation and are much more compact.&nbsp; 
&nbsp; 
The health checks of wiring harnesses such as high voltage insulation, continuity, isolation, current carrying capacity and other electrical parameters play a vital role in the safety of the Crew Module. This crew module is required to withstand the various forces exerted upon during launch and also serve as an orbiting home for Indian astronauts, who will be circling the earth in Low Earth Orbit.&nbsp;

The handing over ceremony took place on Wednesday, March 17 at Data Patterns’ facility near Chennai, in the presence of Dr S Unnikrishnan Nair, Director, and Human Space Flight Centre (HSFC) among others. According to the private firm, the component was delivered within four months, against the typical schedule of twelve months.

Located at the ISRO Headquarters in Bengaluru, HSFC is e responsible for the implementation of the Gaganyaan Project which involves end-to-end mission planning, development of Engineering systems for crew survival in space, crew selection &amp; training and also to pursue activities for sustained human space flight missions.&nbsp;

During its three-decade-long association with ISRO, Data Patterns has supplied the 14000 point countdown checkout system for the second launch pad, upgraded the launch vehicle tracking radars, supplied the X-Band and C-Band weather radars, the company said.&nbsp;

Almost all the electronics of the Launch vehicle are checked out using Data Patterns' indigenous test system solutions. With the guidance of ISRO, Data Patterns is also regularly building Avionics packages for both Launch vehicles and satellites, the company added.&nbsp;

About a week ago, DR K Sivan, Chairman, ISRO had said that Gaganyaan design is in the final stages and project realization has started, all efforts are on for the first unmanned mission trial by this year-end. Gaganyaan is expected to witness two unmanned trials, before the manned mission which is scheduled for 2022-23.

Data Patterns, a Chennai-based firm delivered a crucial component that is meant to be used in Gaganyaan, which is India’s ambitious human spaceflight programme. The Checkout system, which was delivered to the Indian Space Research Organization, is meant to perform health checks of the various cable harness assemblies used in the Crew Module, which houses the astronauts.

Data Patterns, a Chennai-based firm delivered a crucial component that is meant to be used in Gaganyaan, which is India’s ambitious human spaceflight programme. The Checkout system, which was delivered to the Indian Space Research Organization, is meant to perform health checks of the various cable harness assemblies used in the Crew Module, which houses the astronauts. Simply put, a cable/wire harness assembly is a grouping of wires that are designed to carry power or signals. When fully extended, the wiring in aircraft and spacecraft measure several kilometres, so the wires are bound in a harness, rather than being let loose. By being bound into a harness, the wires are protected from adverse conditions that may occur during operation and are much more compact. The health checks of wiring harnesses such as high voltage insulation, continuity, isolation, current carrying capacity and other electrical parameters play a vital role in the safety of the Crew Module. This crew module is required to withstand the various forces exerted upon during launch and also serve as an orbiting home for Indian astronauts, who will be circling the earth in Low Earth Orbit. The handing over ceremony took place on Wednesday, March 17 at Data Patterns’ facility near Chennai, in the presence of Dr S Unnikrishnan Nair, Director, and Human Space Flight Centre (HSFC) among others. According to the private firm, the component was delivered within four months, against the typical schedule of twelve months. Located at the ISRO Headquarters in Bengaluru, HSFC is e responsible for the implementation of the Gaganyaan Project which involves end-to-end mission planning, development of Engineering systems for crew survival in space, crew selection & training and also to pursue activities for sustained human space flight missions. During its three-decade-long association with ISRO, Data Patterns has supplied the 14000 point countdown checkout system for the second launch pad, upgraded the launch vehicle tracking radars, supplied the X-Band and C-Band weather radars, the company said. Almost all the electronics of the Launch vehicle are checked out using Data Patterns' indigenous test system solutions. With the guidance of ISRO, Data Patterns is also regularly building Avionics packages for both Launch vehicles and satellites, the company added. About a week ago, DR K Sivan, Chairman, ISRO had said that Gaganyaan design is in the final stages and project realization has started, all efforts are on for the first unmanned mission trial by this year-end. Gaganyaan is expected to witness two unmanned trials, before the manned mission which is scheduled for 2022-23.

ISRO Human Spaceflight: Indian firm delivers component for crew module 

The U.S. Justice Department has opened a criminal probe into whether NASA`s former head of human spaceflight gave Boeing Co improper guidance during a lucrative lunar-lander contract competition, two people familiar with the matter said on Friday.

The Justice Department has sent subpoenas to NASA, Boeing and Doug Loverro, who led the agency`s marquee space travel program until he resigned abruptly in May, as part of a grand-jury investigation into the possible violation of federal procurement laws, the sources said.

In the probe, opened in June, prosecutors are focusing on communication between Loverro and Boeing space executive Jim Chilton in late January, during a blackout period for the Human Landing System competition, one of the sources said.

<a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/nasas-ingenuity-mars-helicopter-recharges-its-batteries-in-flight-320348">Also read:&nbsp;NASA's Ingenuity Mars helicopter recharges its batteries in flight</a>

Representatives for Boeing and Loverro declined to comment. NASA declined to comment on personnel matters and the status of any investigation, but said the agency was confident in its procurement processes.

The probe was earlier reported by the Wall Street Journal.

The investigation, and an earlier probe by a NASA watchdog, has cast a shadow over one of NASA`s most ambitious endeavors: sending humans back to the moon from U.S. soil for the first time in nearly half a century.

In April, NASA bypassed Boeing — an industry juggernaut with deep ties to space travel — and awarded contracts worth a combined $1 billion to Elon Musk`s SpaceX, Amazon.com Inc founder Jeff Bezos` Blue Origin, and Leidos Inc affiliate Dynetics to build lunar landing vehicles that can carry astronauts to the moon by 2024.

Boeing was removed from the competition, NASA said in April, without explaining why.

<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/nasa-drops-racially-charged-nicknames-of-celestial-bodies-319130">Also read:&nbsp;NASA drops racially charged nicknames of celestial bodies</a>

Two people briefed on a NASA watchdog investigation told Reuters Boeing`s removal was over its contact with Loverro.

The sources said NASA`s Office of Inspector General found that Loverro told Boeing during a blackout period the company`s proposal was incomplete and discussed aspects of the bid that were missing.

After discussions with Loverro, Boeing officials submitted another version during the blackout period, raising legal concerns among agency procurement staff, one of the people said.

Loverro abruptly resigned in May after less than a year on the job, telling employees in an email seen by Reuters that he took certain "risks" to meet NASA`s 2024 moon deadline.

"It is clear that I made a mistake in that choice for which I alone must bear the consequences," Loverro said, without explaining the mistake he was referring to.

The U.S. Justice Department has opened a criminal probe into whether NASA`s former head of human spaceflight gave Boeing Co improper guidance during a lucrative lunar-lander contract competition, two people familiar with the matter said on Friday.

The U.S. Justice Department has opened a criminal probe into whether NASA`s former head of human spaceflight gave Boeing Co improper guidance during a lucrative lunar-lander contract competition, two people familiar with the matter said on Friday. The Justice Department has sent subpoenas to NASA, Boeing and Doug Loverro, who led the agency`s marquee space travel program until he resigned abruptly in May, as part of a grand-jury investigation into the possible violation of federal procurement laws, the sources said. In the probe, opened in June, prosecutors are focusing on communication between Loverro and Boeing space executive Jim Chilton in late January, during a blackout period for the Human Landing System competition, one of the sources said. Also read: NASA's Ingenuity Mars helicopter recharges its batteries in flight Representatives for Boeing and Loverro declined to comment. NASA declined to comment on personnel matters and the status of any investigation, but said the agency was confident in its procurement processes. The probe was earlier reported by the Wall Street Journal. The investigation, and an earlier probe by a NASA watchdog, has cast a shadow over one of NASA`s most ambitious endeavors: sending humans back to the moon from U.S. soil for the first time in nearly half a century. In April, NASA bypassed Boeing — an industry juggernaut with deep ties to space travel — and awarded contracts worth a combined $1 billion to Elon Musk`s SpaceX, Amazon.com Inc founder Jeff Bezos` Blue Origin, and Leidos Inc affiliate Dynetics to build lunar landing vehicles that can carry astronauts to the moon by 2024. Boeing was removed from the competition, NASA said in April, without explaining why. Also read: NASA drops racially charged nicknames of celestial bodies Two people briefed on a NASA watchdog investigation told Reuters Boeing`s removal was over its contact with Loverro. The sources said NASA`s Office of Inspector General found that Loverro told Boeing during a blackout period the company`s proposal was incomplete and discussed aspects of the bid that were missing. After discussions with Loverro, Boeing officials submitted another version during the blackout period, raising legal concerns among agency procurement staff, one of the people said. Loverro abruptly resigned in May after less than a year on the job, telling employees in an email seen by Reuters that he took certain "risks" to meet NASA`s 2024 moon deadline. "It is clear that I made a mistake in that choice for which I alone must bear the consequences," Loverro said, without explaining the mistake he was referring to.

US prosecutors probe ex-NASA official, Boeing over space contract: sources

Just a couple of days after the cabinet decision to allow reform in India’s Space sector and the briefing by the ISRO Chairman, many Indian start-ups have expressed interest in participating in space-based activities, said ISRO Chairman DR. K. Sivan. He added that&nbsp;so far there were no requests from the big players, but he was hoping to get some proposals from them.&nbsp;

Addressing journalists over a virtual press conference, Dr. Sivan said that ISRO roughly had a 3 per cent share of the $350USD global space economy. He shared a split-up of the global space economy, saying that 48&nbsp;per cent of the share went to ground equipment, 45 per cent to space applications, whereas launch vehicles and satellites comprised of only 2 per cent&nbsp;and 5 per cent respectively.&nbsp;

“Under the present situation, ISRO has reached its limit on providing our services due to manpower limitations and we can’t scale up more than 3 per cent market share. That’s why we need private players to get involved and that will also boost market share when they diversify into many services,” Dr. Sivan told WION.&nbsp;

Presently, the Indian government funds projects (satellites and rocket launches), and ISRO executes these missions and owns the satellites. ISRO’s space-based services and transponders are then leased to private companies for DTH and other broadcast and&nbsp;communication purposes. However,&nbsp;the new reforms are aimed at allowing private companies to build their own satellite, launch it and also earn more revenue from leasing and its end-to-end operations.&nbsp;

Given that there are various upcoming big-ticket missions such as Gaganyaan, Chandrayaan-3, SSLV, Aditya L1 etc., he said that there could be a clear picture on when these missions could be completed&nbsp;after the lockdown and COVID-19 situation improves.&nbsp;

“All out projects are affected due to lockdown. Design and development is under our control and happens within ISRO centers with minimal staff as per local restrictions. But the manufacturing happens across 500 big, small and medium industries across India. Due to the current situation, manufacturing activities are not taking place and hardware cannot be supplied to us. Even our scientists can't travel across India due to the restrictions. A true impact assessment will be available only after normalcy resumes,” he said.&nbsp;

On the aspect of private participation in current missions, Dr. Sivan said that the private players can develop certain technologies for the Human Spaceflight programme and the future missions by seeking details and applying on the ISRO website.&nbsp;

When asked about India’s second spaceport that is getting ready at Kulasekarapattinam in southern state Tamil Nadu, he said that it would be similar to the existing one at Sriharikota, but the location of the second launchpad offered advantages for polar launches. Currently, the land acquisition process is happening for the second launch pad and the acquired land is to be handed over to the Department of Space.&nbsp;

“Sriharikota launch pads are ideal for Eastward launches, but are not so ideal for southward launches for Polar (PSLV, SSLV Missions). When we launch southwards from Sriharikota, there is a landmass below, and also further down south we have Sri Lanka. Usually, we launch polar missions towards the south-east, then negotiate Sri Lankan landmass and then proceed further south. This leads to more fuel being spent for the maneuver and it affects the payload capacity of small rockets. But from the Kulasekarapattinam launchpad, we can directly launch southwards,"&nbsp;Dr. Sivan explained.&nbsp;

Regarding the newly announced vertical called INSPACe, under the Deportment of Space, he said that they aimed to have a technical person (scientist) as its head, rather than a bureaucrat. INSPACe is meant to enable private players to participate in end-trend space activities by coordinating with them, conducting assessments and providing necessary approvals.&nbsp;

Just a couple of days after the cabinet decision to allow reform in India’s Space sector and the briefing by the ISRO Chairman, many Indian start-ups have expressed interest in participating in space-based activities, said ISRO Chairman DR.

Just a couple of days after the cabinet decision to allow reform in India’s Space sector and the briefing by the ISRO Chairman, many Indian start-ups have expressed interest in participating in space-based activities, said ISRO Chairman DR. K. Sivan. He added that so far there were no requests from the big players, but he was hoping to get some proposals from them. Addressing journalists over a virtual press conference, Dr. Sivan said that ISRO roughly had a 3 per cent share of the $350USD global space economy. He shared a split-up of the global space economy, saying that 48 per cent of the share went to ground equipment, 45 per cent to space applications, whereas launch vehicles and satellites comprised of only 2 per cent and 5 per cent respectively. “Under the present situation, ISRO has reached its limit on providing our services due to manpower limitations and we can’t scale up more than 3 per cent market share. That’s why we need private players to get involved and that will also boost market share when they diversify into many services,” Dr. Sivan told WION. Presently, the Indian government funds projects (satellites and rocket launches), and ISRO executes these missions and owns the satellites. ISRO’s space-based services and transponders are then leased to private companies for DTH and other broadcast and communication purposes. However, the new reforms are aimed at allowing private companies to build their own satellite, launch it and also earn more revenue from leasing and its end-to-end operations. Given that there are various upcoming big-ticket missions such as Gaganyaan, Chandrayaan-3, SSLV, Aditya L1 etc., he said that there could be a clear picture on when these missions could be completed after the lockdown and COVID-19 situation improves. “All out projects are affected due to lockdown. Design and development is under our control and happens within ISRO centers with minimal staff as per local restrictions. But the manufacturing happens across 500 big, small and medium industries across India. Due to the current situation, manufacturing activities are not taking place and hardware cannot be supplied to us. Even our scientists can't travel across India due to the restrictions. A true impact assessment will be available only after normalcy resumes,” he said. On the aspect of private participation in current missions, Dr. Sivan said that the private players can develop certain technologies for the Human Spaceflight programme and the future missions by seeking details and applying on the ISRO website. When asked about India’s second spaceport that is getting ready at Kulasekarapattinam in southern state Tamil Nadu, he said that it would be similar to the existing one at Sriharikota, but the location of the second launchpad offered advantages for polar launches. Currently, the land acquisition process is happening for the second launch pad and the acquired land is to be handed over to the Department of Space. “Sriharikota launch pads are ideal for Eastward launches, but are not so ideal for southward launches for Polar (PSLV, SSLV Missions). When we launch southwards from Sriharikota, there is a landmass below, and also further down south we have Sri Lanka. Usually, we launch polar missions towards the south-east, then negotiate Sri Lankan landmass and then proceed further south. This leads to more fuel being spent for the maneuver and it affects the payload capacity of small rockets. But from the Kulasekarapattinam launchpad, we can directly launch southwards," Dr. Sivan explained. Regarding the newly announced vertical called INSPACe, under the Deportment of Space, he said that they aimed to have a technical person (scientist) as its head, rather than a bureaucrat. INSPACe is meant to enable private players to participate in end-trend space activities by coordinating with them, conducting assessments and providing necessary approvals.

Indian start-ups sent requests after private sector allowed in space: ISRO

The Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) inaugurated Human Space Flight Centre (HSFC), a centre dedicated to human spaceflight.

While other countries are already running programs for crewed spaceflights, is the first facility in India to be devoted to human spaceflight.

The HSFC is situated at the ISRO Headquarter campus in Bengaluru.

During the inauguration on January 30, 2019, a full-scale crew model of Gaganyaan, crewed orbital vehicle, was also unveiled.

As ISRO notes on its website, the HSFC shall be responsible for implementation of Gaganyaan project which involves end-to-end mission planning, development of engineering systems for crew survival in space, crew selection and training.&nbsp;

The centre will also pursue activities for sustained human space flight missions.

Gaganyaan is being designed to carry three people into the orbit.&nbsp;

It is scheduled to fly in December 2020 in unpiloted form.

&nbsp;A crewed mission is likely to be scheduled a year later.&nbsp; 
&nbsp;

The Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) inaugurated Human Space Flight Centre (HSFC), a centre dedicated to human spaceflight. While other countries are already running programs for crewed spaceflights, is the first facility in India to be devoted to human spaceflight.

The Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) inaugurated Human Space Flight Centre (HSFC), a centre dedicated to human spaceflight. While other countries are already running programs for crewed spaceflights, is the first facility in India to be devoted to human spaceflight. The HSFC is situated at the ISRO Headquarter campus in Bengaluru. During the inauguration on January 30, 2019, a full-scale crew model of Gaganyaan, crewed orbital vehicle, was also unveiled. As ISRO notes on its website, the HSFC shall be responsible for implementation of Gaganyaan project which involves end-to-end mission planning, development of engineering systems for crew survival in space, crew selection and training. The centre will also pursue activities for sustained human space flight missions. Gaganyaan is being designed to carry three people into the orbit. It is scheduled to fly in December 2020 in unpiloted form. A crewed mission is likely to be scheduled a year later.

In Bengaluru, ISRO opens its first Human Space Flight Centre

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