If humanity has to limit global temperature rise within 1.5-degree&nbsp;celsius, it can release up to 380 billion tons of carbon dioxide in coming decades, the annual Global Carbon Budget report said on Friday. This emission level cited in the report is equal to just nine years of current emissions.&nbsp;

The report also stated that greenhouse gas pollution will hit a record high this year, consisting of 40.6 billion tons of carbon dioxide. Fossil fuel emissions will contribute 36.7 billion tons of carbon dioxide, the report stated.

WATCH |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/videos/wion-climate-tracker-europe-warming-at-twice-the-global-average-531279">WION Climate Tracker: Europe warming at twice the global average</a>

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Emissions in the United States and India have been forecasted to increase, whereas China and the European Union are expected to report small declines, the report, produced by 76 scientists from 57 research institutions in 15 countries worldwide, said.&nbsp;

China&nbsp;still the largest emitter

The report said that China (32%) is the largest emitter of greenhouse pollution, followed by the U.S. (14%), the European Union (8%), and India (8%).&nbsp;

Atmospheric CO2 concentrations up by 9.5 billion tons

Although over the past decade, land and ocean together absorbed 53 per cent of total carbon dioxide emitted, the rest still went up into the atmosphere. The report said that concentrations of carbon dioxide will reach 417.2 parts per million this year, compared to 414.7 ppm last year. This translates into an increase of 9.5 billion tons of atmospheric carbon dioxide.

How much reduction of emissions is required?

To reach the goals of the 2015 Paris agreement, which is preventing global warming beyond 1.5-degree celsius, it will require the world to curb emissions by 1.4 billion tons per year, the annual Global Carbon report said.&nbsp;

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If humanity has to limit global temperature rise within 1.5-degree celsius, it can release up to 380 billion tons of carbon dioxide in coming decades, the annual Global Carbon Budget report said on Friday.

If humanity has to limit global temperature rise within 1.5-degree celsius, it can release up to 380 billion tons of carbon dioxide in coming decades, the annual Global Carbon Budget report said on Friday. This emission level cited in the report is equal to just nine years of current emissions. The report also stated that greenhouse gas pollution will hit a record high this year, consisting of 40.6 billion tons of carbon dioxide. Fossil fuel emissions will contribute 36.7 billion tons of carbon dioxide, the report stated. WATCH | WION Climate Tracker: Europe warming at twice the global average × Emissions in the United States and India have been forecasted to increase, whereas China and the European Union are expected to report small declines, the report, produced by 76 scientists from 57 research institutions in 15 countries worldwide, said. China still the largest emitter The report said that China (32%) is the largest emitter of greenhouse pollution, followed by the U.S. (14%), the European Union (8%), and India (8%). Atmospheric CO2 concentrations up by 9.5 billion tons Although over the past decade, land and ocean together absorbed 53 per cent of total carbon dioxide emitted, the rest still went up into the atmosphere. The report said that concentrations of carbon dioxide will reach 417.2 parts per million this year, compared to 414.7 ppm last year. This translates into an increase of 9.5 billion tons of atmospheric carbon dioxide. How much reduction of emissions is required? To reach the goals of the 2015 Paris agreement, which is preventing global warming beyond 1.5-degree celsius, it will require the world to curb emissions by 1.4 billion tons per year, the annual Global Carbon report said. WATCH WION LIVE HERE You can now write for wionews.com and be a part of the community. Share your stories and opinions with us here.

Earth set to face catastrophic warming in 9 years, study shows

In the midst of the Cop26 climate talks in Glasgow, the UK's longest-lasting snow patch has melted away, for only the eighth time in 300 years.&nbsp;

Nicknamed “the Sphinx”, the hardy piece of snow has survived countless summers on a remote mountainside in the Cairngorms.

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/study-finds-humans-climate-change-largely-responsible-for-fires-in-us-426227" hreflang="en">Study finds humans, climate change largely responsible for fires in US</a>

The patch of resilient snow resides on Braeriach in Aviemore, Scotland's third highest mountain at 1,296 metres (4,252 ft).&nbsp;After shrinking to the size of an A4 piece of paper in recent weeks, it finally disappeared in mild weather.

According to Iain Cameron, who has studied snow patches in Scotland for 25 years, global warming is a major factor.&nbsp;

The longest-lasting patch of snow melted for the third time in five years on the eve of <a href="https://www.wionews.com/india-news/life-to-net-zero-emissions-key-takeaways-from-pm-modis-historic-cop26-speech-426012">COP26</a>. How ironic and prophetic, he observed, noting that before 2000 it had melted only three times in the past 150 years.

Records indicate that previously the Sphinx melted fully in 1933, 1959, 1996, 2003, 2006, 2017 and 2018. Prior to 1993, it is believed that the ice melted completely in the 1700s.

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/eco-hypocrite-leaders-businessmen-arrive-in-fuel-guzzling-private-jets-at-cop26-425903" hreflang="en">'Eco-hypocrite': Leaders, businessmen arrive in fuel-guzzling private jets at COP26</a>

According to Cameron, the increased rate of melting is a logical consequence of warmer weather caused by the climate crisis.&nbsp;

Research shows that patches of snow are becoming smaller and fewer, he said, adding that there is less snow in winter than in the 1980s or 1990s.

Garbh Choire Mor, a&nbsp;hollow formed by ice or a glacier during the last ice age contains the Sphinx.

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/this-country-could-be-underwater-by-the-end-of-the-century-425829" hreflang="en">This country could be underwater by the end of the century</a>

Since the winter of 1983-84, declining snow cover has been observed on Cairngorm mountain, according to a report commissioned by the Cairngorms national park authority and published last year.

Furthermore, researchers noted that temperatures have been rising since the 1960s and predicted there would be some years with very little or no snow on Cairngorm by the 2080s.

As a result of a lack of snow, Scotland's ski resorts had one of their most difficult seasons in 2019.

Watch |&nbsp;COP26 Summit Day 2: Over 100 world leaders pledge to halt deforestation

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According to Lauren McCallum, a campaigner with the international campaign group Protect Our Winters, the Cairngorms, and the rest of the world should be protected from further warming. She said that to ensure the survival of ecosystems and communities, we need to maintain a healthy temperature.

In the midst of the Cop26 climate talks in Glasgow, the UK's longest-lasting snow patch has melted away, for only the eighth time in 300 years. Nicknamed “the Sphinx”, the hardy piece of snow has survived countless summers on a remote mountainside in the Cairngorms.

In the midst of the Cop26 climate talks in Glasgow, the UK's longest-lasting snow patch has melted away, for only the eighth time in 300 years. Nicknamed “the Sphinx”, the hardy piece of snow has survived countless summers on a remote mountainside in the Cairngorms. Also read | Study finds humans, climate change largely responsible for fires in US The patch of resilient snow resides on Braeriach in Aviemore, Scotland's third highest mountain at 1,296 metres (4,252 ft). After shrinking to the size of an A4 piece of paper in recent weeks, it finally disappeared in mild weather. According to Iain Cameron, who has studied snow patches in Scotland for 25 years, global warming is a major factor. The longest-lasting patch of snow melted for the third time in five years on the eve of COP26. How ironic and prophetic, he observed, noting that before 2000 it had melted only three times in the past 150 years. Records indicate that previously the Sphinx melted fully in 1933, 1959, 1996, 2003, 2006, 2017 and 2018. Prior to 1993, it is believed that the ice melted completely in the 1700s. Also read | 'Eco-hypocrite': Leaders, businessmen arrive in fuel-guzzling private jets at COP26 According to Cameron, the increased rate of melting is a logical consequence of warmer weather caused by the climate crisis. Research shows that patches of snow are becoming smaller and fewer, he said, adding that there is less snow in winter than in the 1980s or 1990s. Garbh Choire Mor, a hollow formed by ice or a glacier during the last ice age contains the Sphinx. Also read | This country could be underwater by the end of the century Since the winter of 1983-84, declining snow cover has been observed on Cairngorm mountain, according to a report commissioned by the Cairngorms national park authority and published last year. Furthermore, researchers noted that temperatures have been rising since the 1960s and predicted there would be some years with very little or no snow on Cairngorm by the 2080s. As a result of a lack of snow, Scotland's ski resorts had one of their most difficult seasons in 2019. Watch | COP26 Summit Day 2: Over 100 world leaders pledge to halt deforestation According to Lauren McCallum, a campaigner with the international campaign group Protect Our Winters, the Cairngorms, and the rest of the world should be protected from further warming. She said that to ensure the survival of ecosystems and communities, we need to maintain a healthy temperature.

Global warming causes UK's 'most resilient' longest-standing ice patch to melt

According to a study, the South Pole has been heating up three times the global rate.

Scientists had earlier believed that the South Pole was immune to warming due to its cold temperature but a new study in Nature revealed&nbsp;that "the South Pole has experienced a record-high statistically significant warming of 0.61 ± 0.34 °C per decade".

<a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/scientists-prepare-a-map-of-antarctica-turning-green-due-to-climate-change-300122">Also Read: Scientists prepare a map of Antarctica turning green due to climate change</a>

Researchers in the United States, New Zealand and Britain while analysing weather data of the past 60 years concluded that the South Pole was experiencing "accelerated warming".

The research showed that the region had undergone warming of more than 1.83 C since 1989 worrying nature experts. The study found that warm ocean temperatures had over the decades lowered atmospheric pressure over the Weddell Sea in the southern Atlantic leading to the incease in the flow of warm air directly over the South Pole.

The researchers attributed the change in climate at the South Pole to the phenomenon known as the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation (IPO) when the cycle lasts for about 15-30 years oscillating between "positive" and "negative" state.

Nature said: "These results underscore the intimate linkage of interior Antarctic climate to tropical variability," while adding,"this study shows that atmospheric internal variability can induce extreme regional climate change over the Antarctic interior, which has masked anthropogenic warming signal there during the twenty-first century."

According to a study, the South Pole has been heating up three times the global rate. Scientists had earlier believed that the South Pole was immune to warming due to its cold temperature but a new study in Nature revealed that "the South Pole has experienced a record-high statistically significant warming of 0.

According to a study, the South Pole has been heating up three times the global rate. Scientists had earlier believed that the South Pole was immune to warming due to its cold temperature but a new study in Nature revealed that "the South Pole has experienced a record-high statistically significant warming of 0.61 ± 0.34 °C per decade". Also Read: Scientists prepare a map of Antarctica turning green due to climate change Researchers in the United States, New Zealand and Britain while analysing weather data of the past 60 years concluded that the South Pole was experiencing "accelerated warming". The research showed that the region had undergone warming of more than 1.83 C since 1989 worrying nature experts. The study found that warm ocean temperatures had over the decades lowered atmospheric pressure over the Weddell Sea in the southern Atlantic leading to the incease in the flow of warm air directly over the South Pole. The researchers attributed the change in climate at the South Pole to the phenomenon known as the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation (IPO) when the cycle lasts for about 15-30 years oscillating between "positive" and "negative" state. Nature said: "These results underscore the intimate linkage of interior Antarctic climate to tropical variability," while adding,"this study shows that atmospheric internal variability can induce extreme regional climate change over the Antarctic interior, which has masked anthropogenic warming signal there during the twenty-first century."

South Pole warming faster than rest of Earth: Study

February 16 in History: Castro becomes Premier of Cuba, Kyoto Protocol is put into action, and more!

2020 is the most crucial year yet for humanity's plan to dodge the bullet of catastrophic global warming, experts said Saturday, warning that the narrow path to safety was riddled with pitfalls, from the US election to Brexit.&nbsp;

When nations struck the 2015 Paris agreement, which aims to limit temperature rises under 2 degrees Celsius (3.6 Fahrenheit), they agreed on five-year periods in which <a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/anger-erupts-at-un-climate-summit-as-major-economies-resist-bold-action-268332">climate action</a> could be implemented, assessed and boosted.&nbsp;

2020 is the year the landmark deal goes into effect, yet almost three decades of diplomatic wrangling has fallen far short of what science says is needed to avert disastrous climate change.

A crucial UN summit at which leaders will finalise their action plans to reduce greenhouse gas emissions is set to open in Glasgow on November 9&nbsp;just six days after a US general election that could see President <a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/texass-greg-abbott-becomes-first-to-refuse-refugees-order-given-by-president-donald-trump-273510">Donald Trump</a> win a second term.

Trump shocked the world in 2017 when he said the United States,&nbsp;history's largest emitter&nbsp;was withdrawing from the Paris agreement.&nbsp;It is due to leave the deal on November 4.

"Another four years of Trump in the White House would mean that the world's key country in terms of providing global leadership will be sitting the problem out," Michael Oppenheimer, professor of Geosciences and International Affairs at Princeton University, told reporters.&nbsp;

"So that's four years of having a millstone around the neck of the world's efforts to deal with climate change."

After a year of climate-related disasters, from cyclones and flooding in Africa and Southeast Asia to devastating <a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/next-few-hours-could-be-very-challenging-australia-urges-people-to-flee-as-bushfires-rage-273400">wildfires</a> in Australia and California, nations in December failed to make progress during the annual UN Climate Change Conference COP 25.&nbsp;

More than 100 countries have pledged to redouble their efforts to reduce domestic emissions, but the biggest polluters, China, India, the US and the European Union have yet to unveil new plans.

The Paris deal was dragged partly over the line thanks to more than a year of shuttle diplomacy by host France.&nbsp;

Climate negotiations are multilateral and emissions cuts voluntary, so much depends on the skill and tactics of the country in charge of annual COP negotiating sessions.

<a href="https://www.wionews.com/india-news/in-talks-with-uks-boris-johnson-pm-modi-resolves-to-work-closely-together-269028">COP26</a> president Claire O'Neill told reporters last month that climate would be the British government's "number one global priority" this year leading up to the Glasgow summit.

But there are fears that Brexit trade negotiations with Brussels, which will last until around the same time as COP26, will drain much-needed diplomatic bandwidth.&nbsp;

"There is a Brexit scenario in which the UK is distracted at the highest level and the relationship with the EU has soured," said Nick Mabey, CEO of the green thinktank E3G.

"It's a risk. Brexit is the government's number one defensive diplomatic priority and I would say COP needs to be its number one offensive diplomatic priority.&nbsp;

"COP&nbsp;requires huge, proactive campaigning, full-functioning diplomatic machine," he told reporters.&nbsp;

Mabey said Britain already had more than 100 diplomats focusing solely on climate ahead of Glasgow.

But perhaps the biggest moment for the climate in 2020 will come before both the US election or the COP.&nbsp;

In September, the EU-China summit in Leipzig is likely to see the world's largest single market push the world's biggest carbon polluter for greater emissions-cutting commitments.

Li Shuo, the senior global policy advisor for <a href="https://www.wionews.com/india-news/children-ready-to-lead-fight-against-pollution-as-climate-crisis-claims-over-9-lakh-lives-since-2016-262150">Greenpeace East Asia</a>, said this year presented a massive opportunity for China to show global leadership over climate.

"The US, China, EU climate tricycle has had a wheel pulled off by Trump," said Li Shuo, senior global policy advisor for Greenpeace East Asia.&nbsp;

"Going into 2020 it is critical for the two remaining wheels to roll in sync.

"The decision was taken by Chinese leaders over the next year,&nbsp;matters to how the world views China under increasingly turbulent geopolitics," Shuo said.

China and fellow emitter India was accused of stymying greater ambition at <a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/now-russia-unveils-new-climate-plan-272712">COP25</a> in Madrid by insisting they had already done their fair share in cutting carbon pollution.&nbsp;

Even if nations can agree in Glasgow to boost action during the next five years, their voluntary pledges are likely to be worlds apart from the drastic emissions cuts that Earth needs.

"Something called success is probably off the table for the moment," said Mabey.

2020 is the most crucial year yet for humanity's plan to dodge the bullet of catastrophic global warming, experts said Saturday, warning that the narrow path to safety was riddled with pitfalls, from the US election to Brexit.

2020 is the most crucial year yet for humanity's plan to dodge the bullet of catastrophic global warming, experts said Saturday, warning that the narrow path to safety was riddled with pitfalls, from the US election to Brexit. When nations struck the 2015 Paris agreement, which aims to limit temperature rises under 2 degrees Celsius (3.6 Fahrenheit), they agreed on five-year periods in which climate action could be implemented, assessed and boosted. 2020 is the year the landmark deal goes into effect, yet almost three decades of diplomatic wrangling has fallen far short of what science says is needed to avert disastrous climate change. A crucial UN summit at which leaders will finalise their action plans to reduce greenhouse gas emissions is set to open in Glasgow on November 9 just six days after a US general election that could see President Donald Trump win a second term. Trump shocked the world in 2017 when he said the United States, history's largest emitter was withdrawing from the Paris agreement. It is due to leave the deal on November 4. "Another four years of Trump in the White House would mean that the world's key country in terms of providing global leadership will be sitting the problem out," Michael Oppenheimer, professor of Geosciences and International Affairs at Princeton University, told reporters. "So that's four years of having a millstone around the neck of the world's efforts to deal with climate change." After a year of climate-related disasters, from cyclones and flooding in Africa and Southeast Asia to devastating wildfires in Australia and California, nations in December failed to make progress during the annual UN Climate Change Conference COP 25. More than 100 countries have pledged to redouble their efforts to reduce domestic emissions, but the biggest polluters, China, India, the US and the European Union have yet to unveil new plans. The Paris deal was dragged partly over the line thanks to more than a year of shuttle diplomacy by host France. Climate negotiations are multilateral and emissions cuts voluntary, so much depends on the skill and tactics of the country in charge of annual COP negotiating sessions. COP26 president Claire O'Neill told reporters last month that climate would be the British government's "number one global priority" this year leading up to the Glasgow summit. But there are fears that Brexit trade negotiations with Brussels, which will last until around the same time as COP26, will drain much-needed diplomatic bandwidth. "There is a Brexit scenario in which the UK is distracted at the highest level and the relationship with the EU has soured," said Nick Mabey, CEO of the green thinktank E3G. "It's a risk. Brexit is the government's number one defensive diplomatic priority and I would say COP needs to be its number one offensive diplomatic priority. "COP requires huge, proactive campaigning, full-functioning diplomatic machine," he told reporters. Mabey said Britain already had more than 100 diplomats focusing solely on climate ahead of Glasgow. But perhaps the biggest moment for the climate in 2020 will come before both the US election or the COP. In September, the EU-China summit in Leipzig is likely to see the world's largest single market push the world's biggest carbon polluter for greater emissions-cutting commitments. Li Shuo, the senior global policy advisor for Greenpeace East Asia, said this year presented a massive opportunity for China to show global leadership over climate. "The US, China, EU climate tricycle has had a wheel pulled off by Trump," said Li Shuo, senior global policy advisor for Greenpeace East Asia. "Going into 2020 it is critical for the two remaining wheels to roll in sync. "The decision was taken by Chinese leaders over the next year, matters to how the world views China under increasingly turbulent geopolitics," Shuo said. China and fellow emitter India was accused of stymying greater ambition at COP25 in Madrid by insisting they had already done their fair share in cutting carbon pollution. Even if nations can agree in Glasgow to boost action during the next five years, their voluntary pledges are likely to be worlds apart from the drastic emissions cuts that Earth needs. "Something called success is probably off the table for the moment," said Mabey.

Climate at mercy of politics in 2020, experts warn