When one talks about Indian sports, few stories are as quietly remarkable as that of Suraj Narredu, the man who turned a childhood hobby into a 2,400-win career in horse racing — a sport that is often overlooked in mainstream conversations, yet rich in legacy and grit. "I started riding when I was in Class 7," he said with a chuckle in an exclusive conversation with WION. "At first, it was just a hobby. I did show jumping, amateur gymkhana races… but then I watched Frankie Dettori win seven races in a single day. That video changed everything. I knew this was what I wanted to do."&nbsp;Coming from a family steeped in horse racing — his father and uncle were top jockeys with over 1,000 wins each and later turned trainers — the saddle was both inheritance and expectation. But that didn’t make the journey easy. “For the first three and a half months as a jockey, I couldn’t even finish in the top three. My best was a fourth place in Mysore,” he recalled. “I thought maybe this isn’t for me. I was 17, unsure, and carrying the weight of a legacy.”&nbsp;But destiny shifted in a matter of weeks. Suraj rode his first two winners soon after. The dam broke. There was no looking back.<h2>From self-doubt to stardom</h2>Suraj went on to become the youngest Indian jockey to ride 1,000 winners, a feat most only dream of. He’s now crossed 2,400 wins. “I never thought I’d get here,” he said. “But this sport teaches you resilience.” What’s changed with success? “Earlier I chased every single race. Now I pick and choose. I want to ride abroad more, learn from global competition. This sport is ever-evolving — you can never master it completely. That’s what keeps me hooked.”<h2>A dying sport, but not a dead one</h2>Suraj doesn’t shy away from hard truths. “Horse racing is a dwindling, dying sport in India,” he admitted. “The GST jump from 7% to 28% and the COVID-19 impact hit us hard.” He points towards the lack of government support and awareness. “We’re talking with the government. This sport isn’t just tradition — it supports over a lakh jobs, from breeders and grooms to track officials and vets. It’s an ecosystem.” What’s needed? “Better promotion. More visibility. Even make the racecourses tourist attractions. Imagine if people knew the kind of history these places hold.”<h2>The bond beyond the finish line</h2>It’s easy to forget that horse racing is a partnership — between man and animal. Suraj hasn’t. He speaks emotionally about two horses in particular: Be Safe and Star Superior. “Be Safe is special. But Star Superior… I rode every race of his career. Win or lose, we were a team. I don’t think anyone else could’ve gotten that edge from him like I did. That’s the bond.” Despite riding over 10,000 races, only these two horses make his “favourites” list. “That says something,” he smiles.&nbsp;The glitz of derby day hides a demanding lifestyle. “You have to be in peak shape every day,” Suraj said. His routine includes strength training, pilates, cardio, and daily horse riding. “Plus a strict diet — we have to meet racing weight but also be fit to compete.” But it’s not just physical. “Mental strength is everything. You’re under pressure in every race. You need calmness, clarity, focus — especially when representing India abroad.”<h2>‘We just need a platform, like IPL did for cricket’</h2>Post 2023 Asian Games, horse racing has seen a slight uptick in attention. “People are starting to see it as a serious career now. I just hope I can inspire the next generation,” Suraj said. He doesn’t want to be remembered only for his wins. “I want to show young Indians that racing is not just tradition — it’s global opportunity. If I can make a path for others, that’s bigger than any trophy.” Mentorship, visibility, and access — those, he believes, will define racing’s next chapter. “If even a handful of kids look at what I’ve done and feel like this sport is for them — then I’ve done something right," he signed off.

Horse racing needs security We cant dream if were unsure about tomorrow says Indian jockey Suraj Narredu

When one talks about Indian sports, few stories are as quietly remarkable as that of Suraj Narredu, the man who turned a childhood hobby into a 2,400-win career in horse racing — a sport that is often overlooked in mainstream conversations, yet rich in legacy and grit. "I started riding when I was in Class 7," he said with a chuckle in an exclusive conversation with WION. "At first, it was just a hobby. I did show jumping, amateur gymkhana races… but then I watched Frankie Dettori win seven races in a single day. That video changed everything. I knew this was what I wanted to do." Coming from a family steeped in horse racing — his father and uncle were top jockeys with over 1,000 wins each and later turned trainers — the saddle was both inheritance and expectation. But that didn’t make the journey easy. “For the first three and a half months as a jockey, I couldn’t even finish in the top three. My best was a fourth place in Mysore,” he recalled. “I thought maybe this isn’t for me. I was 17, unsure, and carrying the weight of a legacy.” But destiny shifted in a matter of weeks. Suraj rode his first two winners soon after. The dam broke. There was no looking back. From self-doubt to stardom Suraj went on to become the youngest Indian jockey to ride 1,000 winners, a feat most only dream of. He’s now crossed 2,400 wins. “I never thought I’d get here,” he said. “But this sport teaches you resilience.” What’s changed with success? “Earlier I chased every single race. Now I pick and choose. I want to ride abroad more, learn from global competition. This sport is ever-evolving — you can never master it completely. That’s what keeps me hooked.” A dying sport, but not a dead one Suraj doesn’t shy away from hard truths. “Horse racing is a dwindling, dying sport in India,” he admitted. “The GST jump from 7% to 28% and the COVID-19 impact hit us hard.” He points towards the lack of government support and awareness. “We’re talking with the government. This sport isn’t just tradition — it supports over a lakh jobs, from breeders and grooms to track officials and vets. It’s an ecosystem.” What’s needed? “Better promotion. More visibility. Even make the racecourses tourist attractions. Imagine if people knew the kind of history these places hold.” The bond beyond the finish line It’s easy to forget that horse racing is a partnership — between man and animal. Suraj hasn’t. He speaks emotionally about two horses in particular: Be Safe and Star Superior. “Be Safe is special. But Star Superior… I rode every race of his career. Win or lose, we were a team. I don’t think anyone else could’ve gotten that edge from him like I did. That’s the bond.” Despite riding over 10,000 races, only these two horses make his “favourites” list. “That says something,” he smiles. The glitz of derby day hides a demanding lifestyle. “You have to be in peak shape every day,” Suraj said. His routine includes strength training, pilates, cardio, and daily horse riding. “Plus a strict diet — we have to meet racing weight but also be fit to compete.” But it’s not just physical. “Mental strength is everything. You’re under pressure in every race. You need calmness, clarity, focus — especially when representing India abroad.” ‘We just need a platform, like IPL did for cricket’ Post 2023 Asian Games, horse racing has seen a slight uptick in attention. “People are starting to see it as a serious career now. I just hope I can inspire the next generation,” Suraj said. He doesn’t want to be remembered only for his wins. “I want to show young Indians that racing is not just tradition — it’s global opportunity. If I can make a path for others, that’s bigger than any trophy.” Mentorship, visibility, and access — those, he believes, will define racing’s next chapter. “If even a handful of kids look at what I’ve done and feel like this sport is for them — then I’ve done something right," he signed off.

Suraj hails from a family that is steeped in horse racing — his father and uncle were renowned jockeys with over 1,000 wins each

Exclusive: Horse racing needs security. We can’t dream if we’re unsure about tomorrow', says Indian jockey Suraj Narredu

India has reached a significant clean energy milestone five years earlier than planned. By June 30, half of the nation’s total power generation capacity comes from non-fossil fuel sources, said the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE). How did India reach this mark? What does it mean in real numbers? And what is the future of clean energy for India? Here is a lowdown:<h2>India achieves renewable energy milestone: What does it mean?</h2>Out of a total 484.8 Gigawatts installed capacity, 242.8 GW is now based on renewable or low-carbon sources, said the ministry in a statement.&nbsp;Under the Paris Climate Accord and National Targets, &nbsp;India had committed to set up 500 GW of renewable energy-based power generation by 2030. Achieving the 50 per cent non-fossil fuel capacity mark in 2025 showcases India’s strong progress and leadership in clean energy transitions, according to experts.<h2>How India generates its power now</h2>As of June 30, India’s installed power capacity composition is: 49.92 per cent thermal or fossil fuels, 1.81 per cent nuclear and 48.27 per cent renewable energy (including large hydropower). “Timely interventions for renewables, like the waiver of Inter-State Transmission System (ISTS) charges and regular auctions, have elevated India's commitment to sustainability, and today it has the world's third-largest solar power capacity,” said Aarti Khosla, Founder and Director, Climate Trends.<h2>India's global standing on emissions</h2>India’s per capita emissions remain at one-third of the global average, which keeps it among the lowest worldwide.&nbsp;It is also one of the few G20 countries on track to meet its Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) on climate action.&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/videos/sustainable-rice-for-a-changing-climate-9036529/embed">https://www.wionews.com/videos/sustainable-rice-for-a-changing-climate-9036529/embed</a><h2>How India achieved the clean energy milestone</h2>Several government initiatives have helped India achieve rapid growth in clean energy development. They include PM-KUSUM, or Pradhan Mantri Kisan Urja Suraksha evam Utthaan Mahabhiyan, a scheme on solar power for farmers. PM Surya Ghar Muft Bijli Yojana aims to provide free solar electricity for households.&nbsp; The National Wind-Solar Hybrid Policy of the Indian government aims to promote large grid-connected wind-solar PV hybrid systems. &nbsp;India is also going through large-scale solar park development.“India is one of the leading countries which have achieved this feat, better than most developed nations. The aggressive non-fossil fuel capacity addition is a positive example for the world to follow. &nbsp;Policy push coupled with the entrepreneurial spirit of India Inc has been instrumental in achieving this growth,” said Mohit Bhargava, Former CEO, NTPC Green Energy Ltd.<h2>The way ahead for India on non-fossil fuel energy</h2>India will now have to shift towards strengthening the national transmission grid, expanding battery storage capacity and developing pumped hydro storage systems, according to experts.&nbsp;

Under the Paris Climate Accord and National Targets,  India had committed to set up 500 GW of renewable energy-based power generation by 2030. Achieving the 50 per cent non-fossil fuel capacity mark in 2025 showcases India’s strong progress 

India has reached a significant clean energy milestone five years earlier than planned. By June 30, half of the nation’s total power generation capacity comes from non-fossil fuel sources, said the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE). How did India reach this mark? What does it mean in real numbers? And what is the future of clean energy for India? Here is a lowdown: India achieves renewable energy milestone: What does it mean? Out of a total 484.8 Gigawatts installed capacity, 242.8 GW is now based on renewable or low-carbon sources, said the ministry in a statement. Under the Paris Climate Accord and National Targets, India had committed to set up 500 GW of renewable energy-based power generation by 2030. Achieving the 50 per cent non-fossil fuel capacity mark in 2025 showcases India’s strong progress and leadership in clean energy transitions, according to experts. How India generates its power now As of June 30, India’s installed power capacity composition is: 49.92 per cent thermal or fossil fuels, 1.81 per cent nuclear and 48.27 per cent renewable energy (including large hydropower). “Timely interventions for renewables, like the waiver of Inter-State Transmission System (ISTS) charges and regular auctions, have elevated India's commitment to sustainability, and today it has the world's third-largest solar power capacity,” said Aarti Khosla, Founder and Director, Climate Trends. India's global standing on emissions India’s per capita emissions remain at one-third of the global average, which keeps it among the lowest worldwide. It is also one of the few G20 countries on track to meet its Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) on climate action. https://www.wionews.com/videos/sustainable-rice-for-a-changing-climate-9036529/embed How India achieved the clean energy milestone Several government initiatives have helped India achieve rapid growth in clean energy development. They include PM-KUSUM, or Pradhan Mantri Kisan Urja Suraksha evam Utthaan Mahabhiyan, a scheme on solar power for farmers. PM Surya Ghar Muft Bijli Yojana aims to provide free solar electricity for households. The National Wind-Solar Hybrid Policy of the Indian government aims to promote large grid-connected wind-solar PV hybrid systems. India is also going through large-scale solar park development. “India is one of the leading countries which have achieved this feat, better than most developed nations. The aggressive non-fossil fuel capacity addition is a positive example for the world to follow. Policy push coupled with the entrepreneurial spirit of India Inc has been instrumental in achieving this growth,” said Mohit Bhargava, Former CEO, NTPC Green Energy Ltd. The way ahead for India on non-fossil fuel energy India will now have to shift towards strengthening the national transmission grid, expanding battery storage capacity and developing pumped hydro storage systems, according to experts.

Under the Paris Climate Accord and National Targets, &nbsp;India had committed to set up 500 GW of renewable energy-based power generation by 2030. Achieving the 50 per cent non-fossil fuel capacity mark in 2025 showcases India’s strong progress&nbsp;

India achieves clean energy target milestone five years ahead of schedule. Here is why it matters

Wildfires in Canada last year released more greenhouse gases than some of the largest pollution emitting countries, revealed a report on Wednesday (August 28). Shockingly, the wildfires released 647 megatonnes of carbon, which is seven to ten times that of the largest national emitters for the year 2022.

This revelation has called into question the national emission budgets that rely on forests to be carbon stores.&nbsp;

<h2 bis_size="{&quot;x&quot;:7,&quot;y&quot;:118,&quot;w&quot;:926,&quot;h&quot;:25,&quot;abs_x&quot;:40,&quot;abs_y&quot;:1861}">What research shows</h2>

The study published in the journal Nature revealed that at nearly&nbsp;650 megatonnes of carbon,&nbsp; these emissions were more than that of Japan, Germany, and Russia in 2022.

Only India, China, and the United States emitted more carbon than that from the wildfires. This means that if Canada's wildfires were to be ranked as global carbon emitters, it&nbsp;would be the world's fourth-largest emitter.

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While typical emissions from Canadian wildfires over the last ten years have been in the range of 29 to 121 megatonnes, this massive jump in emissions is caused by climate change.

Driven by fossil fuel burning, climate change has led to drier and hotter conditions and in turn extreme wildfires.

In 2023, wildfires laid claim to around four per cent of Canada's forests, burning 15 million hectares (37 million acres).

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<h2 bis_size="{&quot;x&quot;:7,&quot;y&quot;:414,&quot;w&quot;:926,&quot;h&quot;:25,&quot;abs_x&quot;:40,&quot;abs_y&quot;:2157}">Forests: Good or Bad?</h2>

This finding has become a cause of major concern. Forests are typically viewed as a long-term carbon sink that helps with industrial emissions. However, as it turns out, the emissions from forest wildfires might actually be aggravating the problem that is climate change.

"If our goal is really to limit the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, we need to make adaptations into how much carbon we are allowed to emit through our economy, corresponding to how much carbon is being absorbed or not absorbed by forests," stated Brendan Byrne, an atmospheric scientist at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory and the author of this study.

(With inputs from agencies)

Wildfires in Canada last year released more greenhouse gases than some of the largest pollution emitting countries, revealed a report on Wednesday (August 28). Shockingly, the wildfires released 647 megatonnes of carbon, which is seven to ten times that of the largest national emitters for the year 2022.

Wildfires in Canada last year released more greenhouse gases than some of the largest pollution emitting countries, revealed a report on Wednesday (August 28). Shockingly, the wildfires released 647 megatonnes of carbon, which is seven to ten times that of the largest national emitters for the year 2022. This revelation has called into question the national emission budgets that rely on forests to be carbon stores. What research shows The study published in the journal Nature revealed that at nearly 650 megatonnes of carbon, these emissions were more than that of Japan, Germany, and Russia in 2022. Only India, China, and the United States emitted more carbon than that from the wildfires. This means that if Canada's wildfires were to be ranked as global carbon emitters, it would be the world's fourth-largest emitter. Also read | Namibia to cull over 700 elephants, hippos and other animals for meat. Here's why While typical emissions from Canadian wildfires over the last ten years have been in the range of 29 to 121 megatonnes, this massive jump in emissions is caused by climate change. Driven by fossil fuel burning, climate change has led to drier and hotter conditions and in turn extreme wildfires. In 2023, wildfires laid claim to around four per cent of Canada's forests, burning 15 million hectares (37 million acres). Also read | JD Vance in a pickle once again: Another 'childless ladies' comment comes to light Forests: Good or Bad? This finding has become a cause of major concern. Forests are typically viewed as a long-term carbon sink that helps with industrial emissions. However, as it turns out, the emissions from forest wildfires might actually be aggravating the problem that is climate change. "If our goal is really to limit the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, we need to make adaptations into how much carbon we are allowed to emit through our economy, corresponding to how much carbon is being absorbed or not absorbed by forests," stated Brendan Byrne, an atmospheric scientist at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory and the author of this study. (With inputs from agencies)

Canada wildfires released 647 megatonnes of greenhouse gas in 2022, 4th biggest source of global emissions

A staggering 80 per cent of the world's greenhouse gas emissions is caused by only 57 oil, gas, coal, and cement producers.

As per a recent study, this powerful cohort of state-controlled corporations and shareholder-owned multinationals are the primary drivers of the ongoing climate crisis, according to the Carbon Majors Database, compiled by renowned researchers.

<h2>Commitments and reality</h2>

Despite global commitments to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, the analysis shows that most of these major producers increased their output of fossil fuels and related emissions in the seven years following the Paris Agreement, compared to the seven years prior.

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The database, which includes 122 of the world's largest historical climate polluters, highlights that 65 per cent of state entities and 55 per cent of private-sector companies scaled up their production during this period.

<h2>The biggest polluters</h2>

Leading the pack among investor-owned contributors to emissions was ExxonMobil, linked to 3.6 gigatonnes of CO2 over seven years, followed closely by Shell, BP, Chevron, and TotalEnergies, each associated with at least one per cent of global emissions.

Notably, the most significant surge in emissions was seen in state and state-owned producers, particularly in the Asian coal sector. This growth trend, which has continued, contradicts the International Energy Agency's warning that opening new oil and gas fields is incompatible with staying within safe global heating limits.

Richard Heede, who founded the Carbon Majors dataset, criticised companies for expanding fossil fuel exploration and production despite knowing for decades about the harm caused by their products.&nbsp;

"It is morally reprehensible for companies to continue expanding exploration and production of carbon fuels in the face of knowledge now for decades that their products are harmful," he said.

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He urged not to blame consumers "who have been forced to be reliant on oil and gas due to government capture by oil and gas companies."

The Carbon Majors' research has shifted the narrative on climate responsibility. For maybe the first time, it has attributed emissions to entities profiting from fossil fuel extraction rather than individual consumers.&nbsp;

The database compares long-term emissions trends dating back to 1854 with recent developments since the 2016 Paris Agreement.

The long-term analysis shows that Chinese state coal production accounts for the largest share (14 per cent) of historic global CO2 emissions, followed by the former Soviet Union and Saudi Aramco.

Next in the line-up are the major US companies: Chevron with a three per cent share and ExxonMobil with 2.8 per cent. They are trailed by Russia's Gazprom and the National Iranian Oil Company. Following closely behind are two European firms: BP and Shell, each with more than a two per cent share, and then Coal India.

Heede also pointed out that fossil fuel producers have a moral obligation to pay for the damages they have caused.&nbsp;

(With inputs from agencies)

A staggering 80 per cent of the world's greenhouse gas emissions is caused by only 57 oil, gas, coal, and cement producers. As per a recent study, this powerful cohort of state-controlled corporations and shareholder-owned multinationals are the primary drivers of the ongoing climate crisis, according to the Carbon Majors Database, compiled by renowned researchers.

A staggering 80 per cent of the world's greenhouse gas emissions is caused by only 57 oil, gas, coal, and cement producers. As per a recent study, this powerful cohort of state-controlled corporations and shareholder-owned multinationals are the primary drivers of the ongoing climate crisis, according to the Carbon Majors Database, compiled by renowned researchers. Commitments and reality Despite global commitments to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, the analysis shows that most of these major producers increased their output of fossil fuels and related emissions in the seven years following the Paris Agreement, compared to the seven years prior. Also read | Man with transplanted pig kidney is discharged from hospital in rare medical case The database, which includes 122 of the world's largest historical climate polluters, highlights that 65 per cent of state entities and 55 per cent of private-sector companies scaled up their production during this period. The biggest polluters Leading the pack among investor-owned contributors to emissions was ExxonMobil, linked to 3.6 gigatonnes of CO2 over seven years, followed closely by Shell, BP, Chevron, and TotalEnergies, each associated with at least one per cent of global emissions. Notably, the most significant surge in emissions was seen in state and state-owned producers, particularly in the Asian coal sector. This growth trend, which has continued, contradicts the International Energy Agency's warning that opening new oil and gas fields is incompatible with staying within safe global heating limits. Richard Heede, who founded the Carbon Majors dataset, criticised companies for expanding fossil fuel exploration and production despite knowing for decades about the harm caused by their products. "It is morally reprehensible for companies to continue expanding exploration and production of carbon fuels in the face of knowledge now for decades that their products are harmful," he said. Also read | Explained: Israeli military's use of AI tool 'Lavender' to generate kill lists He urged not to blame consumers "who have been forced to be reliant on oil and gas due to government capture by oil and gas companies." The Carbon Majors' research has shifted the narrative on climate responsibility. For maybe the first time, it has attributed emissions to entities profiting from fossil fuel extraction rather than individual consumers. The database compares long-term emissions trends dating back to 1854 with recent developments since the 2016 Paris Agreement. The long-term analysis shows that Chinese state coal production accounts for the largest share (14 per cent) of historic global CO2 emissions, followed by the former Soviet Union and Saudi Aramco. Next in the line-up are the major US companies: Chevron with a three per cent share and ExxonMobil with 2.8 per cent. They are trailed by Russia's Gazprom and the National Iranian Oil Company. Following closely behind are two European firms: BP and Shell, each with more than a two per cent share, and then Coal India. Heede also pointed out that fossil fuel producers have a moral obligation to pay for the damages they have caused. (With inputs from agencies)

From Exxon to Gazprom: 57 corporations drive 80% of global emissions, finds study

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) in a 2022 report stated that the global temperatures will reach a state of stability when global carbon dioxide emissions hit net zero.&nbsp;

The report outlined that to achieve this stability at the 1.5°C (2.7°F) target, global net zero carbon dioxide emissions should be attained in the early 2050s. Similarly, for the 2°C (3.6°F) goal, the timeline extends to the early 2070s.

The report may have given a glimmer of hope for stable temperatures amidst concerns about rising sea levels and more intense storms. This also fueled enthusiasm for the global net-zero campaign and indicated that the positive outcomes of emission reduction efforts might finally manifest.&nbsp;

However, now questions are raised about what really lies after the world achieves net zero emissions.&nbsp;

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Findings of research published in the journal Frontiers in Science on Tuesday (Nov&nbsp;14) suggested that while global temperatures will likely stabilise when countries achieve net-zero goals, there is no absolute certainty.

According to 21 Earth scientists who looked into how over 20 land and sea systems could transform after the world achieves net-zero emissions, the surface temperatures could stabilise swiftly. However, other aspects of the climate are proving challenging to slow down.&nbsp;

<h2>What does the study point out?&nbsp;</h2>

The study suggested that a considerable chance that global warming may persist, as accumulated heat continues to influence the climate. It also said that conversely, the world might cool as the excess heat redistributes, Japan Times reported while quoting the research published in the journal.&nbsp;

Even in a stabilised temperature scenario, the researchers anticipate ongoing sea level rise and ecosystem shifts, said&nbsp;Sophia Palazzo Corner,&nbsp;&nbsp;lead author of the study and PhD student at the Center for Environment Policy at Imperial College, London. &nbsp;

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"Even in a world that stabilises its global temperature, we would expect to see continued sea level rise, ecosystem changes, changes to ice sheet mapping, continued ocean warming, and acidification of the ocean waters,” Corner said.&nbsp;

The study also underscored the importance of reducing emissions swiftly, pointing out that there is&nbsp;uncertainty regarding potential post-net-zero warming scenario.&nbsp;

It also highlighted the intricate dynamics between the ocean and the atmosphere, where the ocean absorbs over 90 per cent of planet's additional heat.

The research acknowledged the complexity of the world's systems and stressed that the aftermath of net zero is more intricate than a straightforward outcome.&nbsp;

"The climate is a very complex system and it’s hard to know precisely how it’s going to respond to changes like this,” said a researcher with Berkeley Earth Zeke Hausfather.&nbsp;

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As per the report, risks and uncertainties exist around factors such as permafrost, ocean-ice sheet interactions, and wetland methane emissions.&nbsp;

Additionally, emissions reductions are expected to be gradual, with the impacts lasting for decades or even centuries.&nbsp;

A research fellow in cloud physics at the University of Leeds Declan Finney said that net zero should be viewed as a milestone rather than a final destination.&nbsp;

"Climate change won’t stop when we reach net zero," he said.&nbsp;

<h2>COP28</h2>

Over the past 30 years since the Rio Summit and the initiation of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), the Conference of the Parties to the Convention (COP) has gathered member nations annually. During these meetings, the COP assesses and identifies climate measures, determining ambitions and responsibilities.

COP28, which is set to kick off on November 30 in the UAE, is poised to mark a pivotal juncture as the global community evaluates its advancements under the Paris Agreement.&nbsp;

The inaugural Global Stocktake (GST) is set to deliver a thorough evaluation of developments since the adoption of the Paris Agreement. This assessment will try to synchronise endeavors in climate action and will be identifying necessary measures to address existing gaps in progress.

COP21 resulted in Paris Agreement, rallying international collaboration to restrict the global temperature rise to 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels by 2100. It also called for proactive measures to adapt to the current impacts of climate change.

<h2>The big debate&nbsp;</h2>

Developed countries, having historically contributed more to industrialisation and emissions, are frequently held accountable for the majority of global pollution.&nbsp;

Many argue that these nations should bear a greater responsibility in mitigating the impacts of climate change and pollution.

On the other hand, developed nations often assert that emerging economies, in their pursuit of rapid industrialisation and economic growth, are currently major contributors to pollution. However, developing nations say that imposing strict environmental regulations on them could hinder their progress and economic development.

(With inputs from agencies)

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) in a 2022 report stated that the global temperatures will reach a state of stability when global carbon dioxide emissions hit net zero.

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) in a 2022 report stated that the global temperatures will reach a state of stability when global carbon dioxide emissions hit net zero. The report outlined that to achieve this stability at the 1.5°C (2.7°F) target, global net zero carbon dioxide emissions should be attained in the early 2050s. Similarly, for the 2°C (3.6°F) goal, the timeline extends to the early 2070s. The report may have given a glimmer of hope for stable temperatures amidst concerns about rising sea levels and more intense storms. This also fueled enthusiasm for the global net-zero campaign and indicated that the positive outcomes of emission reduction efforts might finally manifest. However, now questions are raised about what really lies after the world achieves net zero emissions. Also Read | Award-winning UK author, critic and poet A S Byatt dead at 87 Findings of research published in the journal Frontiers in Science on Tuesday (Nov 14) suggested that while global temperatures will likely stabilise when countries achieve net-zero goals, there is no absolute certainty. According to 21 Earth scientists who looked into how over 20 land and sea systems could transform after the world achieves net-zero emissions, the surface temperatures could stabilise swiftly. However, other aspects of the climate are proving challenging to slow down. What does the study point out? The study suggested that a considerable chance that global warming may persist, as accumulated heat continues to influence the climate. It also said that conversely, the world might cool as the excess heat redistributes, Japan Times reported while quoting the research published in the journal. Even in a stabilised temperature scenario, the researchers anticipate ongoing sea level rise and ecosystem shifts, said Sophia Palazzo Corner, lead author of the study and PhD student at the Center for Environment Policy at Imperial College, London. Also Read | Enigmatic cosmic ray electrons indicate rare source, to help study how universe functions "Even in a world that stabilises its global temperature, we would expect to see continued sea level rise, ecosystem changes, changes to ice sheet mapping, continued ocean warming, and acidification of the ocean waters,” Corner said. The study also underscored the importance of reducing emissions swiftly, pointing out that there is uncertainty regarding potential post-net-zero warming scenario. It also highlighted the intricate dynamics between the ocean and the atmosphere, where the ocean absorbs over 90 per cent of planet's additional heat. The research acknowledged the complexity of the world's systems and stressed that the aftermath of net zero is more intricate than a straightforward outcome. "The climate is a very complex system and it’s hard to know precisely how it’s going to respond to changes like this,” said a researcher with Berkeley Earth Zeke Hausfather. Watch | TikTok takes down videos promoting Bin Laden ‘letter to America’ × As per the report, risks and uncertainties exist around factors such as permafrost, ocean-ice sheet interactions, and wetland methane emissions. Additionally, emissions reductions are expected to be gradual, with the impacts lasting for decades or even centuries. A research fellow in cloud physics at the University of Leeds Declan Finney said that net zero should be viewed as a milestone rather than a final destination. "Climate change won’t stop when we reach net zero," he said. COP28 Over the past 30 years since the Rio Summit and the initiation of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), the Conference of the Parties to the Convention (COP) has gathered member nations annually. During these meetings, the COP assesses and identifies climate measures, determining ambitions and responsibilities. COP28, which is set to kick off on November 30 in the UAE, is poised to mark a pivotal juncture as the global community evaluates its advancements under the Paris Agreement. The inaugural Global Stocktake (GST) is set to deliver a thorough evaluation of developments since the adoption of the Paris Agreement. This assessment will try to synchronise endeavors in climate action and will be identifying necessary measures to address existing gaps in progress. COP21 resulted in Paris Agreement, rallying international collaboration to restrict the global temperature rise to 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels by 2100. It also called for proactive measures to adapt to the current impacts of climate change. The big debate Developed countries, having historically contributed more to industrialisation and emissions, are frequently held accountable for the majority of global pollution. Many argue that these nations should bear a greater responsibility in mitigating the impacts of climate change and pollution. On the other hand, developed nations often assert that emerging economies, in their pursuit of rapid industrialisation and economic growth, are currently major contributors to pollution. However, developing nations say that imposing strict environmental regulations on them could hinder their progress and economic development. (With inputs from agencies)

EXPLAINED | What will happen if the world fulfills its goal of net-zero emissions?

The International Energy Agency said Thursday it believes global energy emissions will peak in 2025 as surging prices due to the Russian invasion of Ukraine propel investment in renewables.

Only last year the IEA said there was "no clear peak in sight" in energy emissions, but the new higher investment in wind and solar is setting up demand for all fossil fuels to peak or plateau, leading to a drop in emissions.

"The global energy crisis triggered by Russia's invasion of Ukraine is causing profound and long-lasting changes that have the potential to hasten the transition to a more sustainable and secure energy system," the IEA said as it released its latest annual World Energy Outlook report.

Based on the latest measures and policies announced by governments in the face of soaring energy prices, the IEA forecasts global clean energy investment to rise by more than 50 percent from today's levels to $2 trillion per year by 2030.&nbsp;

Those measures will propel sustained gains in renewables and nuclear power.

"As a result, a high point for global emissions is reached in 2025," the IEA said.

ALSO READ:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/carbon-dioxide-methane-levels-in-atmosphere-reached-record-high-in-2021-says-un-report-528654">Carbon dioxide, methane levels in atmosphere reached record high in 2021, says UN report</a>

Global energy-related CO2 emissions are then set to fall back slowly from a high point of 37 billion tonnes per year to 32 billion tonnes by 2050, it added.

The Paris-based organisation, which advises energy-consuming nations, said that its forecast sees demand for all types of fossil fuels peaking or hitting a plateau.

Coal use, which has seen a temporary bump higher, will drop back in the next few years as more renewables come online.

Natural gas hits a plateau at the end of the decade, instead of the previous forecast of a steady rise.

Oil demand levels off in the mid-2030s and then gradually declines towards mid-century due to uptake of electric vehicles, instead of the earlier estimate of a steady increase.

Overall, the share of fossil fuels in the global energy mix in the IEA's stated policies scenario falls from around 80 percent to just above 60 percent by 2050.

Energy markets 'changed' 
 
"Energy markets and policies have changed as a result of Russia's invasion of Ukraine, not just for the time being, but for decades to come," said IEA Executive Director Fatih Birol in a statement as the report was released.

But that will still leave the world on track for a rise in global temperatures of around 2.5 degrees Celsius by the end of the century, which would likely trigger severe climate change impacts.

The IEA also has a scenario to arrive at zero net emissions in 2050, which is seen as necessary to hit the 1.5C warming target enshrined in the Paris climate pact.

That would require clean energy investments to rise to $4 trillion per year by 2030, instead of the current forecast of $2 trillion.

ALSO READ:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/rishi-sunak-reverses-another-liz-truss-policy-reimposes-ban-of-fracking-in-uk-528637">Rishi Sunak reverses another Liz Truss policy, reimposes ban of fracking in UK</a>

"The IEA, with all its expertise and authority is clear: clean energy investments must triple by 2030, and gas is a dead end," said Laurence Tubiana, head of the European Climate Foundation and France's former climate ambassador.

"The current European energy crisis clearly proves the dangers of gas: high price, volatility, geopolitical dependence," she added.

"We are approaching to the end of the golden age of gas," the IEA's Birol said at a later news conference.

The IEA's analyses show "that we are seeing a turning point in the history of energy and this crisis indeed accelerates clean energy transitions," he added.

However Birol noted that energy security, not climate change, is "the biggest driver for renewable" energy development currently.

Another motivation is that governments want to ensure they have got in on the manufacturing of new renewable energy technologies.

"The three drivers, when they come together, is the reason I am optimistic we are going to see an acceleration of clean energy technologies," Birol said.

ALSO READ:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/climate-pledges-still-nowhere-near-enough-for-15c-un-528582">Climate pledges far off track from limiting temperature rise to 1.5 degrees: UN</a>

Russia takes $1tn hit 
 
The IEA's analyses also concluded that this energy crisis has also harmed Russia's long-term economic outlook.&nbsp;

By reducing natural gas supplies to European nations it has not only pushed them to accelerate their transition to renewables, but reduced the attractivity of gas in security terms while making it expensive for developing markets.

"Russia's role in the international energy affairs will be diminished, much diminished in terms of oil and gas trade," said Birol.

"As a result of the decline in oil and gas sales between now and 2030, Russia will lose about $1 trillion in export revenues" according to IEA calculations, he added.

The International Energy Agency said Thursday it believes global energy emissions will peak in 2025 as surging prices due to the Russian invasion of Ukraine propel investment in renewables.

The International Energy Agency said Thursday it believes global energy emissions will peak in 2025 as surging prices due to the Russian invasion of Ukraine propel investment in renewables. Only last year the IEA said there was "no clear peak in sight" in energy emissions, but the new higher investment in wind and solar is setting up demand for all fossil fuels to peak or plateau, leading to a drop in emissions. "The global energy crisis triggered by Russia's invasion of Ukraine is causing profound and long-lasting changes that have the potential to hasten the transition to a more sustainable and secure energy system," the IEA said as it released its latest annual World Energy Outlook report. Based on the latest measures and policies announced by governments in the face of soaring energy prices, the IEA forecasts global clean energy investment to rise by more than 50 percent from today's levels to $2 trillion per year by 2030. Those measures will propel sustained gains in renewables and nuclear power. "As a result, a high point for global emissions is reached in 2025," the IEA said. ALSO READ: Carbon dioxide, methane levels in atmosphere reached record high in 2021, says UN report Global energy-related CO2 emissions are then set to fall back slowly from a high point of 37 billion tonnes per year to 32 billion tonnes by 2050, it added. The Paris-based organisation, which advises energy-consuming nations, said that its forecast sees demand for all types of fossil fuels peaking or hitting a plateau. Coal use, which has seen a temporary bump higher, will drop back in the next few years as more renewables come online. Natural gas hits a plateau at the end of the decade, instead of the previous forecast of a steady rise. Oil demand levels off in the mid-2030s and then gradually declines towards mid-century due to uptake of electric vehicles, instead of the earlier estimate of a steady increase. Overall, the share of fossil fuels in the global energy mix in the IEA's stated policies scenario falls from around 80 percent to just above 60 percent by 2050. Energy markets 'changed' "Energy markets and policies have changed as a result of Russia's invasion of Ukraine, not just for the time being, but for decades to come," said IEA Executive Director Fatih Birol in a statement as the report was released. But that will still leave the world on track for a rise in global temperatures of around 2.5 degrees Celsius by the end of the century, which would likely trigger severe climate change impacts. The IEA also has a scenario to arrive at zero net emissions in 2050, which is seen as necessary to hit the 1.5C warming target enshrined in the Paris climate pact. That would require clean energy investments to rise to $4 trillion per year by 2030, instead of the current forecast of $2 trillion. ALSO READ: Rishi Sunak reverses another Liz Truss policy, reimposes ban of fracking in UK "The IEA, with all its expertise and authority is clear: clean energy investments must triple by 2030, and gas is a dead end," said Laurence Tubiana, head of the European Climate Foundation and France's former climate ambassador. "The current European energy crisis clearly proves the dangers of gas: high price, volatility, geopolitical dependence," she added. "We are approaching to the end of the golden age of gas," the IEA's Birol said at a later news conference. The IEA's analyses show "that we are seeing a turning point in the history of energy and this crisis indeed accelerates clean energy transitions," he added. However Birol noted that energy security, not climate change, is "the biggest driver for renewable" energy development currently. Another motivation is that governments want to ensure they have got in on the manufacturing of new renewable energy technologies. "The three drivers, when they come together, is the reason I am optimistic we are going to see an acceleration of clean energy technologies," Birol said. ALSO READ: Climate pledges far off track from limiting temperature rise to 1.5 degrees: UN Russia takes $1tn hit The IEA's analyses also concluded that this energy crisis has also harmed Russia's long-term economic outlook. By reducing natural gas supplies to European nations it has not only pushed them to accelerate their transition to renewables, but reduced the attractivity of gas in security terms while making it expensive for developing markets. "Russia's role in the international energy affairs will be diminished, much diminished in terms of oil and gas trade," said Birol. "As a result of the decline in oil and gas sales between now and 2030, Russia will lose about $1 trillion in export revenues" according to IEA calculations, he added.

IEA sees global energy emissions peaking in 2025

The task of apparel production is both energy intensive and wasteful. The UN says that the three trillion dollar fashion industry consumes more energy than aviation and shipping combined. Moreover, the apparel industry generates 20 percent of the world's waste water.

WION Climate Tracker: Fast fashion taking a toll on environment

WION Climate Tracker: fashion taking a toll on environment

A Dutch court ordered oil giant Shell on Wednesday to slash its greenhouse gas emissions in a landmark victory for climate activists with implications for energy firms worldwide.

Shell must reduce its carbon emissions by 45 percent by 2030 as it is contributing to the "dire" effects of climate change, the district court in The Hague ruled.

Campaigners hailed the "historic" verdict as the first time that a company had been made to align its policy with the 2015 Paris climate accords.

Also read |&nbsp;<a data-ctorig="https://www.wionews.com/world/dutch-court-to-rule-in-shell-climate-case-387472" data-cturl="https://www.google.com/url?client=internal-element-cse&amp;cx=006054055338965708568:09spwrlibei&amp;q=https://www.wionews.com/world/dutch-court-to-rule-in-shell-climate-case-387472&amp;sa=U&amp;ved=2ahUKEwidzZrRqOnwAhVAHTQIHRiLDsUQFjABegQIAhAC&amp;usg=AOvVaw01D4mqJgj4cgawpMKhz_fZ" dir="ltr" href="https://www.wionews.com/world/dutch-court-to-rule-in-shell-climate-case-387472" target="_blank">Dutch court to rule in&nbsp;Shell&nbsp;climate case</a>

Dubbed "the People versus Shell", the case was backed by seven environmental groups and more than 17,000 Dutch citizens.

Judge Larisa Alwin said in the verdict that Anglo-Dutch multinational Shell has an "enormous CO2 emission for which it is responsible".&nbsp;

Shell "is contributing to the dire consequences of climate change for the population" and must implement the decision "at once".

Shell said it "fully expects to appeal today's disappointing court decision".

"Urgent action is needed on climate change which is why we have accelerated our efforts to become a net-zero emissions energy company by 2050, in step with society," a Shell spokesman said in a statement.

With energy firms around the world facing growing pressure over climate change, Shell set new targets in February to reduce its net carbon footprint compared to a 2016 baseline by 20 percent by 2030, 45 percent by 2035 and 100 percent by 2050.&nbsp;

'Historical day'

Dozens of campaigners hugged, clapped and shouted "climate justice" outside the court as the verdict was announced, an AFP reporter said.

In a show of solidarity, a group of around 50 Dutch cyclists had also cycled from the north of the Netherlands to mark the judgment.

"This is a historical day," said Donald Pols, director of the Dutch branch of Friends of the Earth, which originally brought the case.

"It's the first time in history that the judge has decided that a large polluter, Royal Dutch Shell, should stop causing dangerous climate change," Pols told AFP outside the court.

"This will have an enormous impact, not only on Shell itself, but on major polluters throughout the Netherlands and globally."

The 2015 Paris accords committed all nations to cut carbon emissions to limit warming to two degrees Celsius (3.6 Fahrenheit) above pre-industrial levels and encouraged them to go down to 1.5 degrees.

Greenpeace Netherlands interim chief Andy Palmen said it was a "historic victory for the climate and everyone facing the consequences of the climate crisis."

"Shell cannot continue to violate human rights and put profit over people and the planet... We can hold multinational corporations worldwide accountable for the climate crisis," he said in a statement.

The case is one of a series around the world in which citizens and campaigners frustrated with inaction on climate change have hauled governments and big polluters before the courts.

'Full of reservations'

Dozens of climate marchers handed in the lawsuit to Shell's headquarters in the Netherlands in The Hague in April 2019 in what organisers said was the first case of its kind.

Shell had argued that it is making serious efforts to cut gas emissions, but that there is no legal basis for the case and that governments are responsible for meeting Paris targets.

It said it was investing billions of dollars in low-carbon energy such as electric vehicle charging, hydrogen, renewables and biofuels.

The judge acknowledged that Shell had "already tightened up its goals" but said its climate policy was "not concrete and is full of reservations."

Shell's emissions were "greater than those of many countries" and the resulting climate change effects pose "serious risks to human rights, such as the right to life and an undisturbed family life," the judge said.

She ordered Shell to make the emissions cut based on its 2019 levels.

Campaigners have repeated the success of a case brought by the green group Urgenda in which the Dutch Supreme Court in 2019 ordered the state to slash emissions by at least 25 percent of 1990 levels by the end of 2020.

The Netherlands, particularly vulnerable to climate change as a third of the country is below sea level, has pledged to reduce CO2 emissions by 49 percent by 2030.

It is sixth biggest emitter of greenhouse gases per capita in the EU, according to the bloc's figures.

A Dutch court ordered oil giant Shell on Wednesday to slash its greenhouse gas emissions in a landmark victory for climate activists with implications for energy firms worldwide.

A Dutch court ordered oil giant Shell on Wednesday to slash its greenhouse gas emissions in a landmark victory for climate activists with implications for energy firms worldwide. Shell must reduce its carbon emissions by 45 percent by 2030 as it is contributing to the "dire" effects of climate change, the district court in The Hague ruled. Campaigners hailed the "historic" verdict as the first time that a company had been made to align its policy with the 2015 Paris climate accords. Also read | Dutch court to rule in Shell climate case Dubbed "the People versus Shell", the case was backed by seven environmental groups and more than 17,000 Dutch citizens. Judge Larisa Alwin said in the verdict that Anglo-Dutch multinational Shell has an "enormous CO2 emission for which it is responsible". Shell "is contributing to the dire consequences of climate change for the population" and must implement the decision "at once". Shell said it "fully expects to appeal today's disappointing court decision". "Urgent action is needed on climate change which is why we have accelerated our efforts to become a net-zero emissions energy company by 2050, in step with society," a Shell spokesman said in a statement. With energy firms around the world facing growing pressure over climate change, Shell set new targets in February to reduce its net carbon footprint compared to a 2016 baseline by 20 percent by 2030, 45 percent by 2035 and 100 percent by 2050. 'Historical day' Dozens of campaigners hugged, clapped and shouted "climate justice" outside the court as the verdict was announced, an AFP reporter said. In a show of solidarity, a group of around 50 Dutch cyclists had also cycled from the north of the Netherlands to mark the judgment. "This is a historical day," said Donald Pols, director of the Dutch branch of Friends of the Earth, which originally brought the case. "It's the first time in history that the judge has decided that a large polluter, Royal Dutch Shell, should stop causing dangerous climate change," Pols told AFP outside the court. "This will have an enormous impact, not only on Shell itself, but on major polluters throughout the Netherlands and globally." The 2015 Paris accords committed all nations to cut carbon emissions to limit warming to two degrees Celsius (3.6 Fahrenheit) above pre-industrial levels and encouraged them to go down to 1.5 degrees. Greenpeace Netherlands interim chief Andy Palmen said it was a "historic victory for the climate and everyone facing the consequences of the climate crisis." "Shell cannot continue to violate human rights and put profit over people and the planet... We can hold multinational corporations worldwide accountable for the climate crisis," he said in a statement. The case is one of a series around the world in which citizens and campaigners frustrated with inaction on climate change have hauled governments and big polluters before the courts. 'Full of reservations' Dozens of climate marchers handed in the lawsuit to Shell's headquarters in the Netherlands in The Hague in April 2019 in what organisers said was the first case of its kind. Shell had argued that it is making serious efforts to cut gas emissions, but that there is no legal basis for the case and that governments are responsible for meeting Paris targets. It said it was investing billions of dollars in low-carbon energy such as electric vehicle charging, hydrogen, renewables and biofuels. The judge acknowledged that Shell had "already tightened up its goals" but said its climate policy was "not concrete and is full of reservations." Shell's emissions were "greater than those of many countries" and the resulting climate change effects pose "serious risks to human rights, such as the right to life and an undisturbed family life," the judge said. She ordered Shell to make the emissions cut based on its 2019 levels. Campaigners have repeated the success of a case brought by the green group Urgenda in which the Dutch Supreme Court in 2019 ordered the state to slash emissions by at least 25 percent of 1990 levels by the end of 2020. The Netherlands, particularly vulnerable to climate change as a third of the country is below sea level, has pledged to reduce CO2 emissions by 49 percent by 2030. It is sixth biggest emitter of greenhouse gases per capita in the EU, according to the bloc's figures.

Shell ordered to cut emissions in landmark Dutch climate case

Investors rejected the responses of US oil giants to climate change Wednesday, installing activist board members at ExxonMobil and directing Chevron to deepen emissions cuts.&nbsp;

The dual decisions at the two biggest US oil giants' annual meetings are clear evidence that addressing climate change has moved from being an environmentalist cause to one championed by mainstream investors.

At ExxonMobil, two board nominees from activist group Engine No. 1 won enough votes to secure board seats. Shareholders also backed a proposal requiring a report on the oil giant's lobbying activities on climate change.&nbsp;

At Chevron, a majority of investors approved an activist proposal calling on the company to reduce "scope 3" emissions, which encompass energy products.

Earlier in the day, a Dutch court ordered oil giant Shell to slash its greenhouse gas emissions by a net of 45 percent by the end of 2030 following a challenge launched by environmental group Friends of the Earth.

"Today's Exxon vote sends the unmistakable signal that climate action is a financial imperative," said Fred Krupp, president of Environmental Defense Fund.&nbsp;

"Now Exxon's board has an important responsibility to help the company transform its approach to the climate crisis and energy transition."

Counting continues

Engine No. 1's Gregory Goff and Kaisa Hietala secured enough votes to join ExxonMobil's board, along with Chief Executive Darren Woods and seven other incumbent directors who were reelected, said ExxonMobil corporate secretary Stephen Littleton.

A third Engine No. 1 nominee, Alexander Karsner, was still in contention for a board seat, along with four incumbent board members. Engine No. 1's fourth nominee, Anders Runevad, was not elected, ExxonMobil said.

The final outcome is "too close too call," pending further counting of votes, ExxonMobil said in a statement following the meeting.

In an unusual move, ExxonMobil halted the meeting for an hour after the shareholder proposals were presented.&nbsp;

Engine No. 1 released a statement during the pause blasting the interruption as part of the company's "last-ditch attempt to entrench (the) board and preserve the status quo."

After the results were announced, Woods congratulated the Engine No. 1 candidates and pledged to work with them to meet shareholder expectations.&nbsp;

The company had launched a lobbying offensive to re-elect its incumbent board, arguing it was taking meaningful action to address climate change.

Those steps were announced after Engine No. 1 launched its campaign in late 2020, making Wednesday's election contest unpredictable.

"We've heard from shareholders about their desire to catalyze further progress at ExxonMobil and we are well prepared to deliver," Woods said after the vote.

'Change is coming'

Engine No. 1's Charlie Penner expressed uncertainty about the vote during remarks at the outset of the meeting.

"No matter what the outcome of this vote, change is coming," said Penner, who noted ExxonMobil "cannot easily walk away from" its promises made after the insurgent campaign launched.

The oil company in January established a new "low carbon solutions" business to commercialize carbon capture technology and announced two new board members in March in a move intended to signal openness to change.

Earlier this week, it pledged to appoint two more board members in the next 12 months, one with energy industry experience and one with climate experience.

ExxonMobil has faced battles at annual meetings over climate change for decades, with shareholders pushing resolutions to make it take stronger action.

Oil majors worldwide are under intensifying pressure to develop more aggressive policies on climate change and embrace renewable energy. &nbsp;

Critics had characterized ExxonMobil's carbon capture plan as a public relations-driven rebranding of existing initiatives that requires significant new laws to become widespread and economically viable.

European rivals such as BP, Royal Dutch Shell and Total have undertaken renewable investments and pledged to attain net-zero carbon emissions by 2050.

The International Energy Agency (IEA) earlier this month said all future fossil fuel projects should be scrapped if the world is to reach net-zero carbon emissions by 2050 and stand any chance of limiting warming to 1.5 degrees Celsius (2.7 degrees Fahrenheit).&nbsp;

The IEA report goes well beyond existing policies adopted by the United States and other governments.&nbsp;

US President Joe Biden's administration, for example, has endorsed renewable energy investment, but has not supported an immediate phase-out of new fossil fuel investment.

Both ExxonMobil and Chevron have insisted on the need for continued investment in oil and gas development while announcing new environmental initiatives in recent months.&nbsp;

Woods called the recent IEA analysis a "helpful" contribution, saying reducing emissions is a "complex problem and a challenging one" that will require new technology and government policies.

Shares of ExxonMobil rose 1.2 percent to close at $58.94, while Chevron added 0.2 percent at $104.12.

Investors rejected the responses of US oil giants to climate change Wednesday, installing activist board members at ExxonMobil and directing Chevron to deepen emissions cuts.

Investors rejected the responses of US oil giants to climate change Wednesday, installing activist board members at ExxonMobil and directing Chevron to deepen emissions cuts. The dual decisions at the two biggest US oil giants' annual meetings are clear evidence that addressing climate change has moved from being an environmentalist cause to one championed by mainstream investors. At ExxonMobil, two board nominees from activist group Engine No. 1 won enough votes to secure board seats. Shareholders also backed a proposal requiring a report on the oil giant's lobbying activities on climate change. At Chevron, a majority of investors approved an activist proposal calling on the company to reduce "scope 3" emissions, which encompass energy products. Earlier in the day, a Dutch court ordered oil giant Shell to slash its greenhouse gas emissions by a net of 45 percent by the end of 2030 following a challenge launched by environmental group Friends of the Earth. "Today's Exxon vote sends the unmistakable signal that climate action is a financial imperative," said Fred Krupp, president of Environmental Defense Fund. "Now Exxon's board has an important responsibility to help the company transform its approach to the climate crisis and energy transition." Counting continues Engine No. 1's Gregory Goff and Kaisa Hietala secured enough votes to join ExxonMobil's board, along with Chief Executive Darren Woods and seven other incumbent directors who were reelected, said ExxonMobil corporate secretary Stephen Littleton. A third Engine No. 1 nominee, Alexander Karsner, was still in contention for a board seat, along with four incumbent board members. Engine No. 1's fourth nominee, Anders Runevad, was not elected, ExxonMobil said. The final outcome is "too close too call," pending further counting of votes, ExxonMobil said in a statement following the meeting. In an unusual move, ExxonMobil halted the meeting for an hour after the shareholder proposals were presented. Engine No. 1 released a statement during the pause blasting the interruption as part of the company's "last-ditch attempt to entrench (the) board and preserve the status quo." After the results were announced, Woods congratulated the Engine No. 1 candidates and pledged to work with them to meet shareholder expectations. The company had launched a lobbying offensive to re-elect its incumbent board, arguing it was taking meaningful action to address climate change. Those steps were announced after Engine No. 1 launched its campaign in late 2020, making Wednesday's election contest unpredictable. "We've heard from shareholders about their desire to catalyze further progress at ExxonMobil and we are well prepared to deliver," Woods said after the vote. 'Change is coming' Engine No. 1's Charlie Penner expressed uncertainty about the vote during remarks at the outset of the meeting. "No matter what the outcome of this vote, change is coming," said Penner, who noted ExxonMobil "cannot easily walk away from" its promises made after the insurgent campaign launched. The oil company in January established a new "low carbon solutions" business to commercialize carbon capture technology and announced two new board members in March in a move intended to signal openness to change. Earlier this week, it pledged to appoint two more board members in the next 12 months, one with energy industry experience and one with climate experience. ExxonMobil has faced battles at annual meetings over climate change for decades, with shareholders pushing resolutions to make it take stronger action. Oil majors worldwide are under intensifying pressure to develop more aggressive policies on climate change and embrace renewable energy. Critics had characterized ExxonMobil's carbon capture plan as a public relations-driven rebranding of existing initiatives that requires significant new laws to become widespread and economically viable. European rivals such as BP, Royal Dutch Shell and Total have undertaken renewable investments and pledged to attain net-zero carbon emissions by 2050. The International Energy Agency (IEA) earlier this month said all future fossil fuel projects should be scrapped if the world is to reach net-zero carbon emissions by 2050 and stand any chance of limiting warming to 1.5 degrees Celsius (2.7 degrees Fahrenheit). The IEA report goes well beyond existing policies adopted by the United States and other governments. US President Joe Biden's administration, for example, has endorsed renewable energy investment, but has not supported an immediate phase-out of new fossil fuel investment. Both ExxonMobil and Chevron have insisted on the need for continued investment in oil and gas development while announcing new environmental initiatives in recent months. Woods called the recent IEA analysis a "helpful" contribution, saying reducing emissions is a "complex problem and a challenging one" that will require new technology and government policies. Shares of ExxonMobil rose 1.2 percent to close at $58.94, while Chevron added 0.2 percent at $104.12.

ExxonMobil, Chevron investors vote for more action on climate change

A new research sheds light on global emissions from consumption of fuel and claims that such emissions most likely peaked last year.

Undertaken by Bloomberg New Energy Finance, the research claims that the demand for power has fallen tremendously in 2020 owing to the slowdown induced by the coronavirus pandemic.

The research was released on Tuesday and is titled ''New Energy Outlook Report''. According to BNEF, emissions from the energy sector have dropped by around 10 per cent in 2020 owing to the ongoing pandemic.

Also read:&nbsp;<a href="http://13.235.153.162/india-news/india-to-drive-global-energy-demand-while-cutting-emissions-modi-says-338127" hreflang="en">India to drive global energy demand while cutting emissions, Modi says</a>

The report also estimates that even if the consumption patterns increase again due to economic recovery, they will never touch 2019 levels.

Following the current trajectory, emissions are expected to fall at a rate of 0.7 per cent year starting 2027 and up to 2050.

This is partly due to the increase in employment of wind and solar power, which has effectively increased the usage of electric vehicles, and has also improved the efficiency of energy across industries.

The report added how wind and solar power would account for 56 per cent of all electricity generated across the world by mid-century.

Coal-based power generation, which is still in usage across the world is expected to peak in China by 2027, and in India by 2030.&nbsp;

Additionaly, oil demand will peak by 2035, and then continue to fall by 0.7 per cent every year, to return to levels in 2018 by 2050.

Also read:&nbsp;<a href="http://13.235.153.162/world/japan-announces-deadline-for-attaining-zero-emissions-carbon-neutral-society-337953" hreflang="en">Japan announces deadline for attaining zero-emissions, carbon neutral society</a>

In terms of fossil fuel-based energy resources, only gas is the one that continues to keep growing, by 0.5 per cent every year.

Even though the transition in terms of energy generation and consumption has continued to progress, the decrease in energy demands triggered by COVID-19 has affected the trajectory.&nbsp;

Even then, the BNEF estimates that the world is set to experience a 3.3 degree Celsius increase in temperature by 2100, which exceeds the agreed limit of below 2 degree Celsius.

"To stay well below two degrees of global temperature rise, we would need to reduce emissions by 6% every year starting now, and to limit the warming to 1.5C, emissions would have to fall by 10% per year," Matthias Kimmel, senior analyst at BNEF told Reuters.

A new research sheds light on global emissions from consumption of fuel and claims that such emissions most likely peaked last year. Undertaken by Bloomberg New Energy Finance, the research claims that the demand for power has fallen tremendously in 2020 owing to the slowdown induced by the coronavirus pandemic.

A new research sheds light on global emissions from consumption of fuel and claims that such emissions most likely peaked last year. Undertaken by Bloomberg New Energy Finance, the research claims that the demand for power has fallen tremendously in 2020 owing to the slowdown induced by the coronavirus pandemic. The research was released on Tuesday and is titled ''New Energy Outlook Report''. According to BNEF, emissions from the energy sector have dropped by around 10 per cent in 2020 owing to the ongoing pandemic. Also read: India to drive global energy demand while cutting emissions, Modi says The report also estimates that even if the consumption patterns increase again due to economic recovery, they will never touch 2019 levels. Following the current trajectory, emissions are expected to fall at a rate of 0.7 per cent year starting 2027 and up to 2050. This is partly due to the increase in employment of wind and solar power, which has effectively increased the usage of electric vehicles, and has also improved the efficiency of energy across industries. The report added how wind and solar power would account for 56 per cent of all electricity generated across the world by mid-century. Coal-based power generation, which is still in usage across the world is expected to peak in China by 2027, and in India by 2030. Additionaly, oil demand will peak by 2035, and then continue to fall by 0.7 per cent every year, to return to levels in 2018 by 2050. Also read: Japan announces deadline for attaining zero-emissions, carbon neutral society In terms of fossil fuel-based energy resources, only gas is the one that continues to keep growing, by 0.5 per cent every year. Even though the transition in terms of energy generation and consumption has continued to progress, the decrease in energy demands triggered by COVID-19 has affected the trajectory. Even then, the BNEF estimates that the world is set to experience a 3.3 degree Celsius increase in temperature by 2100, which exceeds the agreed limit of below 2 degree Celsius. "To stay well below two degrees of global temperature rise, we would need to reduce emissions by 6% every year starting now, and to limit the warming to 1.5C, emissions would have to fall by 10% per year," Matthias Kimmel, senior analyst at BNEF told Reuters.

Did global emissions from fuel consumption peak last year?

Extracting and processing materials, fuel and food contributes as much as half of the world's greenhouse gas emissions, the UN said Tuesday, as experts gathered in Kenya to find ways to rein in exploding global consumption.

Using dozens of data sources, the authors of a major new report presented lawmakers and businesses with a stark choice, drastically reform the global economy to get more from less, or risk the collapse of global infrastructure.&nbsp;

With countries already committed under the Paris climate deal to curb emissions to fend off the worst impacts of global warming, experts said there was little hope of meeting that goal without an "urgent and systemic transformation" in how we use Earth's resources.

The Global Resources Outlook 2019 said that worldwide consumption of basic commodities such as water, minerals and fossil fuels had tripled since 1970.

With high-population nations such as China and India rapidly expanding their economies, the team behind the report called for a drastic overhaul in how that growth is fed.

"Nobody is claiming that the countries which are on the lower level of development should not have the right to develop," said Janez Potocnik, co-chair of the International Resource Panel.

"The question is, is it possible to do it differently to how we have done it, with fewer consequences than we see today?"

The report paints a grim picture of relentless demand for resources as the global population ticks towards eight billion people.&nbsp;

The use of climate-warming fossil fuels has increased worldwide from 6 billion tonnes in 1970 to 15 billion tonnes in 2017 despite decades of efforts to steer nations towards greener energy.

Water use for agriculture and industry outstripped population growth in the second half of the 20th Century. In 2017, 3,900 km3 of water was withdrawn for commercial purposes -- 70 per cent of which went to farming.&nbsp;

"The bad use of natural resources has a big impact on our quality of life and environment," said Bruno Orbele, Swiss former environment minister and one of the report's co-authors.

In line with most economic measurements, the study found that per capita consumption of raw materials in high-income nations was more than double the global average.

Richer nations use 27.1 tonnes of raw material per person per year, compared to just two tonnes ahead in low-income countries.

The "Towards Sustainability" scenario boosts policy measures to slow the growth of resource use, leading to reduced pressure on food and water supplies and boosting global economic growth by 8 per cent.&nbsp;

Conversely, the "Historical Trends" projection -- which assumes a business-as-usual approach to resource use -- would see greenhouse gas emissions shoot up 43 per cent by 2060.

The corresponding agricultural pressure to feed a global population expected to tip 10 billion by mid-century would see land given over to agriculture increase by 20 per cent, reducing forest cover by 10 per cent and other habitats such as grasslands and Savannah by a fifth.

Such a trajectory would shatter any remaining chance mankind has of limiting global temperature rises to 1.5 Celsius (2.7 Fahrenheit), as countries committed to achieving in the landmark 2015 Paris accord.&nbsp;

"The way we are currently organised, it isn't simply enough," said Potocnik.

In a message to lawmakers and heads of state due in Nairobi for Thursday's One Planet Summit, Potocnik said the time for vague political commitments on the environment had passed.

"If you are in public office, defend the public interest. And it's clear what is public interest today, we have to survive."

Extracting and processing materials, fuel and food contributes as much as half of the world's greenhouse gas emissions, the UN said Tuesday, as experts gathered in Kenya to find ways to rein in exploding global consumption.

Extracting and processing materials, fuel and food contributes as much as half of the world's greenhouse gas emissions, the UN said Tuesday, as experts gathered in Kenya to find ways to rein in exploding global consumption. Using dozens of data sources, the authors of a major new report presented lawmakers and businesses with a stark choice, drastically reform the global economy to get more from less, or risk the collapse of global infrastructure. With countries already committed under the Paris climate deal to curb emissions to fend off the worst impacts of global warming, experts said there was little hope of meeting that goal without an "urgent and systemic transformation" in how we use Earth's resources. The Global Resources Outlook 2019 said that worldwide consumption of basic commodities such as water, minerals and fossil fuels had tripled since 1970. With high-population nations such as China and India rapidly expanding their economies, the team behind the report called for a drastic overhaul in how that growth is fed. "Nobody is claiming that the countries which are on the lower level of development should not have the right to develop," said Janez Potocnik, co-chair of the International Resource Panel. "The question is, is it possible to do it differently to how we have done it, with fewer consequences than we see today?" The report paints a grim picture of relentless demand for resources as the global population ticks towards eight billion people. The use of climate-warming fossil fuels has increased worldwide from 6 billion tonnes in 1970 to 15 billion tonnes in 2017 despite decades of efforts to steer nations towards greener energy. Water use for agriculture and industry outstripped population growth in the second half of the 20th Century. In 2017, 3,900 km3 of water was withdrawn for commercial purposes -- 70 per cent of which went to farming. "The bad use of natural resources has a big impact on our quality of life and environment," said Bruno Orbele, Swiss former environment minister and one of the report's co-authors. In line with most economic measurements, the study found that per capita consumption of raw materials in high-income nations was more than double the global average. Richer nations use 27.1 tonnes of raw material per person per year, compared to just two tonnes ahead in low-income countries. The "Towards Sustainability" scenario boosts policy measures to slow the growth of resource use, leading to reduced pressure on food and water supplies and boosting global economic growth by 8 per cent. Conversely, the "Historical Trends" projection -- which assumes a business-as-usual approach to resource use -- would see greenhouse gas emissions shoot up 43 per cent by 2060. The corresponding agricultural pressure to feed a global population expected to tip 10 billion by mid-century would see land given over to agriculture increase by 20 per cent, reducing forest cover by 10 per cent and other habitats such as grasslands and Savannah by a fifth. Such a trajectory would shatter any remaining chance mankind has of limiting global temperature rises to 1.5 Celsius (2.7 Fahrenheit), as countries committed to achieving in the landmark 2015 Paris accord. "The way we are currently organised, it isn't simply enough," said Potocnik. In a message to lawmakers and heads of state due in Nairobi for Thursday's One Planet Summit, Potocnik said the time for vague political commitments on the environment had passed. "If you are in public office, defend the public interest. And it's clear what is public interest today, we have to survive."

Raw materials behind half of global emissions: United Nations

The United States has joined China to formally ratify the Paris agreement to curb climate-warming emissions, the world&#39;s two biggest economies said today, which could help put the pact into force before the end of the year. 
 
US President Barack Obama and Chinese President Xi Jinping submitted their plan to join the agreement to UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon, who is in China to witness the announcement. 
 
Senior Obama adviser Brian Deese said the joint declaration should push other countries to formally join the agreement. 
 
&quot;The signal of the two large emitters taking this step together and taking it early, far earlier than people had anticipated a year ago, should give confidence to the global communities and to other countries that are working on their climate change plans, that they too can move quickly and will be part of a global effort,&quot; Deese told reporters on Friday. 
 
India is also poised to join the agreement this year, Deese said, adding that Obama was expected to meet Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi on the sidelines of a Group of 20 nations meeting in Hangzhou, China, this weekend. 
 
Obama and Xi committed to cooperate on two other global environmental agreements this year - an amendment to the Montreal Protocol to phase down air-conditioning refrigerants and on a market-based measure to reduce carbon emissions from aviation. 
 
&quot;Today&#39;s announcement is the strongest signal yet that what we agreed in Paris will soon be the law of the land,&quot; said Mattlan Zackhras, minister-in-assistance to the president of the Marshall Islands. 
 
&quot;With the two biggest emitters ready to lead, the transition to a low-emissions, climate-resilient global economy is now irreversible.&quot; 
 
Saturday&#39;s joint statement could spur further ratifications by the likes of Brazil and Canada. 
 
&quot;We expect a surge of ratifications around the UN Climate week later in September,&quot; said Bill Hare, chief executive of Climate Analytics. &nbsp; 
 
In Paris last December, nearly 200 countries agreed on a binding global compact to slash greenhouse gases and keep global temperature increases to &quot;well below&quot; 2 degrees Celsius. 
 
Experts have said the temperature target is already in danger of being breached, with the U.N.&#39;s weather agency saying 2016 is on course to be the warmest year since records began. 
 
&#39;Light speed&#39; 
 
While 180 countries have now signed the agreement, 55 nations - covering at least 55 per cent of global emissions - need to formally ratify the treaty to put it into legal effect. 
 
Before China and the United States, 23 nations had ratified - including North Korea - but they collectively accounted for just 1.08 per cent of global emissions, according to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change. &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 
 
China represents just over 20 per cent of global emissions while the United States accounting for 17.9 per cent, Russia 7.5 per cent and India 4.1 per cent. 
 
The announcement is a major diplomatic achievement for the US president, who ends his term in January. 
 
But the ability of the United States to achieve its Paris targets could be affected by the outcome of a federal court hearing this month, in which 27 US states are trying to block the federal Clean Power Plan that slashes CO2 from power plants, the largest source of US greenhouse gas emissions. 
 
The US Republican Party Platform has also questioned the legality of the executive order used to ratify the Paris deal, saying it will need the consent of the Senate before it becomes binding. 
 
Li Shuo, a climate adviser with Greenpeace, said both China and the United States were determined to put the treaty into force as soon as possible in order to avoid the risk that any new Republican administration would reject it. 
 
&quot;It now looks like the Paris agreement will enter into force before the end of the year and that will really be light speed compared to almost all other international agreements,&quot; he said.&nbsp; 
 
US Democratic presidential candidate Hillary Clinton is a strong supporter of the accord, but her Republican counterpart Donald Trump has dismissed man-made climate change as a hoax and says he will abandon the Paris agreement if elected. 
 
Countries that ratify the deal will have to wait for three years after it has gone into legal force before they can begin the process of withdrawing from it, according to the agreement signed in Paris. 
 
Ratification, however, does not mean the work is over. 
 
Alden Meyer, international director of the Union of Concerned Scientists, said the Paris agreement&#39;s detailed rules will likely take another year or two to finalise. 
 
&quot;All countries will need to raise the ambition of their commitments under the agreement if we&#39;re to avoid the worst impacts of climate change and reach a goal of net zero global warming emissions by mid-century,&quot; Meyer said. 
 
&quot;But this is an important step forward that reinforces the US and China&#39;s continued leadership in building a robust, durable international climate framework.&quot;&nbsp; 
 
(Reuters)

They submitted their plan to join the agreement to UN Secretary-General; India is poised to join agreement this year, says top Obama adviser

The United States has joined China to formally ratify the Paris agreement to curb climate-warming emissions, the world's two biggest economies said today, which could help put the pact into force before the end of the year. US President Barack Obama and Chinese President Xi Jinping submitted their plan to join the agreement to UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon, who is in China to witness the announcement. Senior Obama adviser Brian Deese said the joint declaration should push other countries to formally join the agreement. "The signal of the two large emitters taking this step together and taking it early, far earlier than people had anticipated a year ago, should give confidence to the global communities and to other countries that are working on their climate change plans, that they too can move quickly and will be part of a global effort," Deese told reporters on Friday. India is also poised to join the agreement this year, Deese said, adding that Obama was expected to meet Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi on the sidelines of a Group of 20 nations meeting in Hangzhou, China, this weekend. Obama and Xi committed to cooperate on two other global environmental agreements this year - an amendment to the Montreal Protocol to phase down air-conditioning refrigerants and on a market-based measure to reduce carbon emissions from aviation. "Today's announcement is the strongest signal yet that what we agreed in Paris will soon be the law of the land," said Mattlan Zackhras, minister-in-assistance to the president of the Marshall Islands. "With the two biggest emitters ready to lead, the transition to a low-emissions, climate-resilient global economy is now irreversible." Saturday's joint statement could spur further ratifications by the likes of Brazil and Canada. "We expect a surge of ratifications around the UN Climate week later in September," said Bill Hare, chief executive of Climate Analytics. In Paris last December, nearly 200 countries agreed on a binding global compact to slash greenhouse gases and keep global temperature increases to "well below" 2 degrees Celsius. Experts have said the temperature target is already in danger of being breached, with the U.N.'s weather agency saying 2016 is on course to be the warmest year since records began. 'Light speed' While 180 countries have now signed the agreement, 55 nations - covering at least 55 per cent of global emissions - need to formally ratify the treaty to put it into legal effect. Before China and the United States, 23 nations had ratified - including North Korea - but they collectively accounted for just 1.08 per cent of global emissions, according to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change. China represents just over 20 per cent of global emissions while the United States accounting for 17.9 per cent, Russia 7.5 per cent and India 4.1 per cent. The announcement is a major diplomatic achievement for the US president, who ends his term in January. But the ability of the United States to achieve its Paris targets could be affected by the outcome of a federal court hearing this month, in which 27 US states are trying to block the federal Clean Power Plan that slashes CO2 from power plants, the largest source of US greenhouse gas emissions. The US Republican Party Platform has also questioned the legality of the executive order used to ratify the Paris deal, saying it will need the consent of the Senate before it becomes binding. Li Shuo, a climate adviser with Greenpeace, said both China and the United States were determined to put the treaty into force as soon as possible in order to avoid the risk that any new Republican administration would reject it. "It now looks like the Paris agreement will enter into force before the end of the year and that will really be light speed compared to almost all other international agreements," he said. US Democratic presidential candidate Hillary Clinton is a strong supporter of the accord, but her Republican counterpart Donald Trump has dismissed man-made climate change as a hoax and says he will abandon the Paris agreement if elected. Countries that ratify the deal will have to wait for three years after it has gone into legal force before they can begin the process of withdrawing from it, according to the agreement signed in Paris. Ratification, however, does not mean the work is over. Alden Meyer, international director of the Union of Concerned Scientists, said the Paris agreement's detailed rules will likely take another year or two to finalise. "All countries will need to raise the ambition of their commitments under the agreement if we're to avoid the worst impacts of climate change and reach a goal of net zero global warming emissions by mid-century," Meyer said. "But this is an important step forward that reinforces the US and China's continued leadership in building a robust, durable international climate framework." (Reuters)

China, US ratify Paris climate agreement ahead of G20 summit