Latest research on "Ötzi," the Neolithic Iceman has revealed something unexpected about his genetic heritage. Ötzi has undergone extensive studies in the past. The latest study involved creation of a high-coverage genome.

The report on the latest research has been published in the journal Cell Genomics, reported AFP. In the report, scientists have shown that Ötzi had characteristics that were different than&nbsp;his earlier depictions. The analysis has notably uncovered that Ötzi had a dark skin, dark eyes and even a receding hairline.

"We could confirm some things like he had brown eyes, but we found out that the skin colour is much darker, than we thought," Albert Zink of Eurac Research, Institute for Mummy Studies in Bolzano, Italy, told Reuters.

"We found out that he was most likely bald, so he had that genetic predisposition to lose his hair."

Previous research&nbsp;had shown a genetic affinity between Ötzi and modern Sardinians. But researchers now believe that the previous conclusions were drawn before a broader spectrum of human genomes was available.

"The main difference was regarding his ancestry, because we could on one hand confirm that he had this typical Anatolian ancestry that is typical for the Neolithic people that came from Anatolia and migrated to Europe at the time," Zink added.

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The latest study has shown that over 92 per cent of Ötzi's genetic makeup originates from early Anatolian farmers. This puts a new light on migratory history of Europeans.

The findings of the report also points at the Alpine region serving as a genetic barrier that limited genetic exchange between the Iceman's populations and other communities which were situated north and west of the Alps.

Also Read | <a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/form-of-gene-therapy-may-offer-one-off-treatment-for-severe-alcohol-addiction-finds-study-625858">Form of gene therapy may offer ‘one-off’ treatment for severe alcohol addiction, finds study</a>

Regarded as one of the most exceptionally preserved ice mummies, Ötzi was found by hikers in the Tyrolean Alps in 1991. Standing 160 centimetres tall (approx. 5 feet 2 inches), Ötzi was about 45 years old when he met his death from an arrow shot by an unknown assailant about 5,300 years ago.

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Latest research on "Ötzi," the Neolithic Iceman has revealed something unexpected about his genetic heritage. Ötzi has undergone extensive studies in the past. The latest study involved creation of a high-coverage genome.

Latest research on "Ötzi," the Neolithic Iceman has revealed something unexpected about his genetic heritage. Ötzi has undergone extensive studies in the past. The latest study involved creation of a high-coverage genome. The report on the latest research has been published in the journal Cell Genomics, reported AFP. In the report, scientists have shown that Ötzi had characteristics that were different than his earlier depictions. The analysis has notably uncovered that Ötzi had a dark skin, dark eyes and even a receding hairline. "We could confirm some things like he had brown eyes, but we found out that the skin colour is much darker, than we thought," Albert Zink of Eurac Research, Institute for Mummy Studies in Bolzano, Italy, told Reuters. "We found out that he was most likely bald, so he had that genetic predisposition to lose his hair." Previous research had shown a genetic affinity between Ötzi and modern Sardinians. But researchers now believe that the previous conclusions were drawn before a broader spectrum of human genomes was available. "The main difference was regarding his ancestry, because we could on one hand confirm that he had this typical Anatolian ancestry that is typical for the Neolithic people that came from Anatolia and migrated to Europe at the time," Zink added. Watch | Are robots making a world a better place × The latest study has shown that over 92 per cent of Ötzi's genetic makeup originates from early Anatolian farmers. This puts a new light on migratory history of Europeans. The findings of the report also points at the Alpine region serving as a genetic barrier that limited genetic exchange between the Iceman's populations and other communities which were situated north and west of the Alps. Also Read | Form of gene therapy may offer ‘one-off’ treatment for severe alcohol addiction, finds study Regarded as one of the most exceptionally preserved ice mummies, Ötzi was found by hikers in the Tyrolean Alps in 1991. Standing 160 centimetres tall (approx. 5 feet 2 inches), Ötzi was about 45 years old when he met his death from an arrow shot by an unknown assailant about 5,300 years ago. You can now write for wionews.com and be a part of the community. Share your stories and opinions with us here. WATCH WION LIVE HERE ×

DNA analysis reveals 'Ötzi' the Iceman looked quite different than we thought

Using a new method of analysing family lineages with DNA fragments from long-dead people, a group of scientists have figured out that a South Dakotan man was indeed the grandson of the 19th-century Native American leader Sitting Bull.<o:p></o:p>

Researchers took a strand of hair from which was being preserved at the Smithsonian Institution in Washington. Through this hair, they were able to establish a familial relationship between the famed Sitting Bull and Ernie LaPoint of South Dakota. <o:p></o:p>

The 73-year-old from Lead, South Dakota, has expressed relief after this revelation. He says this has come as a piece of good news as several people had been questioning his relationship with his ancestors for years.

<o:p>Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/archeologists-make-shocking-revelations-after-dna-analysis-of-mummies-in-china-424720">Archeologists make shocking revelations after DNA analysis of mummies in China</a></o:p>

"I feel this DNA research is another way of identifying my lineal relationship to my great-grandfather," said LaPointe. "People have been questioning our relationship to our ancestor as long as I can remember. These people are just a pain in the place you sit - and will probably doubt these findings, also."<o:p></o:p>

This study is not only a milestone for LaPointe but is also a scientific marvel as this was the first time that a familial relationship has been established between a living man and a historical figure with the help of DNA of a long-dead person.

<o:p>Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/egyptian-mummies-to-pass-through-cairo-in-ancient-rulers-parade-375153">Egyptian mummies to pass through Cairo in ancient rulers' parade</a></o:p>

The new method was developed by scientists led by Eske Willerslev, director of the Lundbeck Foundation GeoGenetics Centre at the University of Cambridge. It had taken the researchers 14 years to develop this new method of extracting usable DNA from hair.<o:p></o:p>

When Willerslev read about LaPointe handing over hair of Sitting Bull to Smithsonian, he reached out to him to conduct this research. "LaPointe asked me to extract DNA from it and compare it to his DNA to establish relationship," said Willerslev, senior author of the research published in the Science Advances. "I got very little hair and there was very limited DNA in it. It took us a long time developing a method that, based on limited ancient DNA, can by compared to that of living people across multiple generations."<o:p></o:p>

Sitting Bull, whose Lakota name was Tatanka-Iyotanka, was known for leading Native American warrior who then wiped out federal troops of George Custer at the 1876 Battle of the Little Bighorn.<o:p></o:p>

Using a new method of analysing family lineages with DNA fragments from long-dead people, a group of scientists have figured out that a South Dakotan man was indeed the grandson of the 19th-century Native American leader Sitting Bull.

Using a new method of analysing family lineages with DNA fragments from long-dead people, a group of scientists have figured out that a South Dakotan man was indeed the grandson of the 19th-century Native American leader Sitting Bull. Researchers took a strand of hair from which was being preserved at the Smithsonian Institution in Washington. Through this hair, they were able to establish a familial relationship between the famed Sitting Bull and Ernie LaPoint of South Dakota. The 73-year-old from Lead, South Dakota, has expressed relief after this revelation. He says this has come as a piece of good news as several people had been questioning his relationship with his ancestors for years. Also read | Archeologists make shocking revelations after DNA analysis of mummies in China "I feel this DNA research is another way of identifying my lineal relationship to my great-grandfather," said LaPointe. "People have been questioning our relationship to our ancestor as long as I can remember. These people are just a pain in the place you sit - and will probably doubt these findings, also." This study is not only a milestone for LaPointe but is also a scientific marvel as this was the first time that a familial relationship has been established between a living man and a historical figure with the help of DNA of a long-dead person. Also read | Egyptian mummies to pass through Cairo in ancient rulers' parade The new method was developed by scientists led by Eske Willerslev, director of the Lundbeck Foundation GeoGenetics Centre at the University of Cambridge. It had taken the researchers 14 years to develop this new method of extracting usable DNA from hair. When Willerslev read about LaPointe handing over hair of Sitting Bull to Smithsonian, he reached out to him to conduct this research. "LaPointe asked me to extract DNA from it and compare it to his DNA to establish relationship," said Willerslev, senior author of the research published in the Science Advances. "I got very little hair and there was very limited DNA in it. It took us a long time developing a method that, based on limited ancient DNA, can by compared to that of living people across multiple generations." Sitting Bull, whose Lakota name was Tatanka-Iyotanka, was known for leading Native American warrior who then wiped out federal troops of George Custer at the 1876 Battle of the Little Bighorn.

DNA testing proves South Dakota man is grandson of famed Native American Sitting Bull

Scientists have discovered&nbsp;a new mammal reference genome that helps to identify&nbsp;genetic variants for human health.

According to research published in the journal&nbsp;Science, scientists have&nbsp;identified more than 85 million genetic variants in the rhesus macaque, the largest database of genetic variation for anyone nonhuman primate species to date.

Also read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/vexas-syndrome-scientists-discover-new-fatal-disorder-in-men-338852">VEXAS syndrome: Scientists discover new fatal disorder in men</a>

"This is a major step forward in the amount of information we have about genetic variation in the rhesus macaque," said Dr. Jeffrey Rogers, associate professor at the Human Genome Sequencing Center and Department of Molecular and Human Genetics at Baylor and one of the corresponding authors of the study.

"We have actually identified thousands of new mutations in the population of research animals. Now colleagues all over the country who are investigating various aspects of health and disease using rhesus macaques can begin to make use of that information."

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Dr. Wesley C. Warren at the University of Missouri and Dr. Evan Eichler at the University of Washington, both corresponding authors of the study, used a combination of several advanced technologies to substantially improve the rhesus macaque reference genome assembly first created in 2007.

The new reference genome&nbsp;provides a more complete and accurate picture of the rhesus macaque DNA sequence. The rhesus macaque is the most widely studied nonhuman primate in biomedical research.

This improvement can support more sophisticated and more detailed analyses of fundamental questions in molecular genetics, cell biology, and physiology.

''When we coupled this higher quality genome reference with a broader sequencing of expressed genes, our team discovered gene structures unique to macaque as well as specific repeat sequences undergoing deletions that suggest evolutionary competition to suppress these elements from expanding continues today," said Warren, professor at the University of Missouri's Bond Life Sciences Center.

Researchers at Baylor's Human Genome Sequencing Center sequenced the genomes of 853 rhesus macaque from research institutions around the country and compared them to the new reference genome.

The genome analysis showed that rhesus macaque have more genetic variants per individual than humans. Among the millions of genetic variants identified, researchers found several damaging mutations in genes known to cause genetic disorders in humans, including autism, inherited blindness and several others.

"We can find naturally occurring models of genetic disorders by surveying the rhesus macaque population," Rogers said.

"We will find animals that naturally carry interesting and useful genetic mutations that can help us understand genetic variation and susceptibility to disease in humans. Rhesus macaques are also widely studied by primatologists and evolutionary biologists, so this new reference genome will also provide new insight into the evolution of the nonhuman primate and human genomes."

Scientists have discovered a new mammal reference genome that helps to identify genetic variants for human health. According to research published in the journal Science, scientists have identified more than 85 million genetic variants in the rhesus macaque, the largest database of genetic variation for anyone nonhuman primate species to date.

Scientists have discovered a new mammal reference genome that helps to identify genetic variants for human health. According to research published in the journal Science, scientists have identified more than 85 million genetic variants in the rhesus macaque, the largest database of genetic variation for anyone nonhuman primate species to date. Also read: VEXAS syndrome: Scientists discover new fatal disorder in men "This is a major step forward in the amount of information we have about genetic variation in the rhesus macaque," said Dr. Jeffrey Rogers, associate professor at the Human Genome Sequencing Center and Department of Molecular and Human Genetics at Baylor and one of the corresponding authors of the study. "We have actually identified thousands of new mutations in the population of research animals. Now colleagues all over the country who are investigating various aspects of health and disease using rhesus macaques can begin to make use of that information." Dr. Wesley C. Warren at the University of Missouri and Dr. Evan Eichler at the University of Washington, both corresponding authors of the study, used a combination of several advanced technologies to substantially improve the rhesus macaque reference genome assembly first created in 2007. The new reference genome provides a more complete and accurate picture of the rhesus macaque DNA sequence. The rhesus macaque is the most widely studied nonhuman primate in biomedical research. This improvement can support more sophisticated and more detailed analyses of fundamental questions in molecular genetics, cell biology, and physiology. ''When we coupled this higher quality genome reference with a broader sequencing of expressed genes, our team discovered gene structures unique to macaque as well as specific repeat sequences undergoing deletions that suggest evolutionary competition to suppress these elements from expanding continues today," said Warren, professor at the University of Missouri's Bond Life Sciences Center. Researchers at Baylor's Human Genome Sequencing Center sequenced the genomes of 853 rhesus macaque from research institutions around the country and compared them to the new reference genome. The genome analysis showed that rhesus macaque have more genetic variants per individual than humans. Among the millions of genetic variants identified, researchers found several damaging mutations in genes known to cause genetic disorders in humans, including autism, inherited blindness and several others. "We can find naturally occurring models of genetic disorders by surveying the rhesus macaque population," Rogers said. "We will find animals that naturally carry interesting and useful genetic mutations that can help us understand genetic variation and susceptibility to disease in humans. Rhesus macaques are also widely studied by primatologists and evolutionary biologists, so this new reference genome will also provide new insight into the evolution of the nonhuman primate and human genomes."

Scientists discover new mammal reference genome

It has long been a matter of debate whether the Vedic era was ushered in by the Aryans or not. One set of historians argue that the subcontinent witnessed a series of waves of human population from central Asia which ultimately made what India today is.&nbsp

Historically, this human migration pattern has been well-mapped for medieval India but its historicity remains unmapped for ancient India.&nbsp

Another set of historians argue that Vedic culture was local to the land, the Aryans were the outsiders and the Dravidians were the original inhabitants of the land.

According to reports, the DNA tests of skeletal remains found at Rakhigarhi site in Haryana shows no foreign DNA suggesting that India had a local population that laid the foundation of the Vedas. The findings oppose the theory that suggests migrants invaded India from central Asia and pushed the original inhabitants, the Dravidians, down south.&nbsp

<iframe allow="autoplay encrypted-media" allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/w3SuSONOn9w" width="560"></iframe>

Rakhigarhi is one of the biggest Harappan civilisation sites spread across 3,000 hectares in Haryana and is around 6,000 years old. Nearly 150 skeletal remains were tested for DNA strains and only two samples yielded relevant DNA material.&nbsp

The DNA tests of skeletal remains found at Rakhigarhi site in Haryana shows no foreign DNA suggesting that India had a local population that laid the foundation of the Vedas

It has long been a matter of debate whether the Vedic era was ushered in by the Aryans or not. One set of historians argue that the subcontinent witnessed a series of waves of human population from central Asia which ultimately made what India today is. Historically, this human migration pattern has been well-mapped for medieval India but its historicity remains unmapped for ancient India. Another set of historians argue that Vedic culture was local to the land, the Aryans were the outsiders and the Dravidians were the original inhabitants of the land. According to reports, the DNA tests of skeletal remains found at Rakhigarhi site in Haryana shows no foreign DNA suggesting that India had a local population that laid the foundation of the Vedas. The findings oppose the theory that suggests migrants invaded India from central Asia and pushed the original inhabitants, the Dravidians, down south. Rakhigarhi is one of the biggest Harappan civilisation sites spread across 3,000 hectares in Haryana and is around 6,000 years old. Nearly 150 skeletal remains were tested for DNA strains and only two samples yielded relevant DNA material.

Watch: Rakhigarhi DNA findings suggest no Aryan invasion in India  

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DNA analysis reveals 'Ötzi' the Iceman looked quite different than we thought

DNA testing proves South Dakota man is grandson of famed Native American Sitting Bull

Scientists discover new mammal reference genome

Watch: Rakhigarhi DNA findings suggest no Aryan invasion in India