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In a breakthrough study,&nbsp;scientists have now spotted the earliest known galaxy which has emerged as a huge challenge to the current galaxy formations in space.&nbsp;

The new galaxy, which has been named JADES-GS-z14-0, has been spotted gleaming brightly in the early Universe and is suspected to have come into existence less than 300 million years after the&nbsp;Big Bang.&nbsp;

Meanwhile, the second recent discovery - known as JADES-GS-z14-1 - was seen as a distant galaxy.&nbsp;

According to the astronomers, the detections are now "unambiguous" and hinted at the Cosmic Dawn likely to have some 'splainin' to do.

Also Read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/trending/watch-iss-captures-fireworks-in-space-shares-footage-of-mesmerising-northern-lights-738470">ISS captures fireworks in space, shares footage of mesmerising Northern Lights</a>

In a statement, astronomers&nbsp;Stefano Carniani of Scuola Normale Superiore in Italy and Kevin Hainline of the University of Arizona said, "In January 2024, NIRSpec observed this galaxy, JADES-GS-z14-0, for almost ten hours, and when the spectrum was first processed, there was unambiguous evidence that the galaxy was indeed at a&nbsp;redshift&nbsp;of 14.32, shattering the previous most-distant galaxy record."

"From the images, the source is found to be over 1,600 light-years across, proving that the light we see is coming mostly from young stars and not from emission near a growing supermassive&nbsp;black hole," they added.

The astronomers further stated, "This much starlight implies that the galaxy is several hundreds of millions of times the mass of the Sun! This raises the question: How can nature make such a bright, massive, and large galaxy in less than 300 million years?"

<h2>Scientists decode cosmic dawn and space transparency</h2>

The scientists have written three separate papers on the subject and a new one has been published in Nature.&nbsp;

In all three papers, they have concluded that JADES-GS-z14-0 is a shining data point which represents a new way ahead in understanding how the formation of the Universe began.

Till now, very little is known about the Cosmic Dawn period, which is the first billion years after the Big Bang.&nbsp;

Watch:&nbsp;China space rocket blows up, causes massive fireball

<div class="videoWrapper trancodeVideo"><iframe allowfullscreen="" autoplay="1" class="includeVideo" frameborder="0" height="350" src="https://www.wionews.com/videos/gravitas-china-space-rocket-blows-up-causes-massive-fireball-736905/embed" style="width:100%;max-width:560px;" width="560"></iframe></div>

This is because neutral hydrogen had caused a fog in the early universe which scattered light and prevented it from spreading.

However, the fog did not last long as it was ionised and later cleared by ultraviolet light emitted from the objects in the early Universe and till the end of the Cosmic Dawn, the space became transparent.

(With inputs from agencies)

In a breakthrough study, scientists have now spotted the earliest known galaxy which has emerged as a huge challenge to the current galaxy formations in space. The new galaxy, which has been named JADES-GS-z14-0, has been spotted gleaming brightly in the early Universe and is suspected to have come into existence less than 300 million years after the Big Bang.

In a breakthrough study, scientists have now spotted the earliest known galaxy which has emerged as a huge challenge to the current galaxy formations in space. The new galaxy, which has been named JADES-GS-z14-0, has been spotted gleaming brightly in the early Universe and is suspected to have come into existence less than 300 million years after the Big Bang. Meanwhile, the second recent discovery - known as JADES-GS-z14-1 - was seen as a distant galaxy. According to the astronomers, the detections are now "unambiguous" and hinted at the Cosmic Dawn likely to have some 'splainin' to do. Also Read: ISS captures fireworks in space, shares footage of mesmerising Northern Lights In a statement, astronomers Stefano Carniani of Scuola Normale Superiore in Italy and Kevin Hainline of the University of Arizona said, "In January 2024, NIRSpec observed this galaxy, JADES-GS-z14-0, for almost ten hours, and when the spectrum was first processed, there was unambiguous evidence that the galaxy was indeed at a redshift of 14.32, shattering the previous most-distant galaxy record." "From the images, the source is found to be over 1,600 light-years across, proving that the light we see is coming mostly from young stars and not from emission near a growing supermassive black hole," they added. The astronomers further stated, "This much starlight implies that the galaxy is several hundreds of millions of times the mass of the Sun! This raises the question: How can nature make such a bright, massive, and large galaxy in less than 300 million years?" Scientists decode cosmic dawn and space transparency The scientists have written three separate papers on the subject and a new one has been published in Nature. In all three papers, they have concluded that JADES-GS-z14-0 is a shining data point which represents a new way ahead in understanding how the formation of the Universe began. Till now, very little is known about the Cosmic Dawn period, which is the first billion years after the Big Bang. Watch: China space rocket blows up, causes massive fireball This is because neutral hydrogen had caused a fog in the early universe which scattered light and prevented it from spreading. However, the fog did not last long as it was ionised and later cleared by ultraviolet light emitted from the objects in the early Universe and till the end of the Cosmic Dawn, the space became transparent. (With inputs from agencies)

The universe's earliest galaxy has now been discovered. And it's nothing like our galaxy

A paleontological research team in China has identified a new species of tyrannosaur. Xinhua reported that the researchers from the Zhejiang Museum of Natural History named the dinosaur "Asiatyrannus xui" in honour of the Chinese scientist Xu Xing.&nbsp;

The study, titled "The first deep-snouted tyrannosaur from Upper Cretaceous Ganzhou City of southeastern China", was published on Thursday (Jul 25). These species are distinguished from the others by their enormous bodies and deeply curved noses.&nbsp;

The study mentioned that the earliest tyrannosaurs appeared in the Middle Jurassic, around 165 million years ago. "They became the apex predators in their respective ecologies during the final 20 million years of the Cretaceous in Asia and western North America," it added.&nbsp;

Also read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/hunga-tonga-volcano-eruption-in-2022-might-have-cooled-earth-study-745018">Hunga Tonga volcano eruption in 2022 might have cooled Earth: Study</a>&nbsp;

As quoted by Interesting Engineering, Dr Wenjie Zheng said: "Tyrannosauroids are the most distinctive, best known, and most intensively studied groups of dinosaurs, and are represented by almost 30 species."&nbsp;

The study mentioned that the new species of tyrannosaur lived approximately 72 to 66 million years ago during the Late Cretaceous period.&nbsp;

Zheng said that the fossil includes the nearly entire cranium, tail vertebrae and bones from the hind limbs. The researchers have said that this deep-snouted tyrannosaur is said to be the first ever found in Southern China.&nbsp;

Also read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/chernobyls-miraculous-survivors-resilient-worms-thrive-amid-hazardous-radiation-744950">Chernobyl’s miraculous survivors: Resilient worms thrive amid hazardous radiation</a>&nbsp;

The skull measures 47.5 centimetres in length and the body length was approximately half that of Qianzhousaurus, which is estimated to reach around nine meters at similar growth stages.&nbsp;

The tyrannosaurs in Asia are predominantly found in northern China and Mongolia, with the exception being the long-snouted genus Qianzhousaurus from the Nanxiong Formation (Maastrichtian) in Nankang District of Ganzhou City, southeastern China, the study added.&nbsp;

(With inputs from agencies)&nbsp;

A paleontological research team in China has identified a new species of tyrannosaur. Xinhua reported that the researchers from the Zhejiang Museum of Natural History named the dinosaur "Asiatyrannus xui" in honour of the Chinese scientist Xu Xing.

A paleontological research team in China has identified a new species of tyrannosaur. Xinhua reported that the researchers from the Zhejiang Museum of Natural History named the dinosaur "Asiatyrannus xui" in honour of the Chinese scientist Xu Xing. The study, titled "The first deep-snouted tyrannosaur from Upper Cretaceous Ganzhou City of southeastern China", was published on Thursday (Jul 25). These species are distinguished from the others by their enormous bodies and deeply curved noses. The study mentioned that the earliest tyrannosaurs appeared in the Middle Jurassic, around 165 million years ago. "They became the apex predators in their respective ecologies during the final 20 million years of the Cretaceous in Asia and western North America," it added. Also read: Hunga Tonga volcano eruption in 2022 might have cooled Earth: Study As quoted by Interesting Engineering, Dr Wenjie Zheng said: "Tyrannosauroids are the most distinctive, best known, and most intensively studied groups of dinosaurs, and are represented by almost 30 species." The study mentioned that the new species of tyrannosaur lived approximately 72 to 66 million years ago during the Late Cretaceous period. Zheng said that the fossil includes the nearly entire cranium, tail vertebrae and bones from the hind limbs. The researchers have said that this deep-snouted tyrannosaur is said to be the first ever found in Southern China. Also read: Chernobyl’s miraculous survivors: Resilient worms thrive amid hazardous radiation The skull measures 47.5 centimetres in length and the body length was approximately half that of Qianzhousaurus, which is estimated to reach around nine meters at similar growth stages. The tyrannosaurs in Asia are predominantly found in northern China and Mongolia, with the exception being the long-snouted genus Qianzhousaurus from the Nanxiong Formation (Maastrichtian) in Nankang District of Ganzhou City, southeastern China, the study added. (With inputs from agencies)

Researchers discover first deep-snouted tyrannosaur in Southern China

The Egyptian pyramids without a doubt are among the most amazing man-made constructions in history. Several conspiracies exist regarding how those pyramids were built, with some theories even including a link to otherworldly beings, such as aliens. But there's, of course, no solid evidence to back such outrageous theories.&nbsp;

Scientists wondered how an ancient civilisation managed to build it in the absence of heavy machinery. With advancements in science, we might finally know how the pyramids were built, as physicists think they've finally figured out the secrets of construction.&nbsp;

In their latest attempt, researchers have proposed a stunning theory, which states that a form of hydraulic lift was used in the construction of the 4,600-year-old Egyptian pyramid.&nbsp;

Also read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/virus-that-causes-covid-is-widespread-among-wildlife-species-in-us-study-745287">Virus that causes Covid is widespread among wildlife species in US: Study</a>&nbsp;

In a study, which was published as a pre-print on ResearchGate, researchers said that the landscape, waterways and interior architecture of the Step Pyramid of Djoser point to the hydraulic system.&nbsp;

According to a report by Heritage Daily, the previous widely held theory included that ramps and rollers were used to lift and position the incredibly huge stones.&nbsp;

Researchers have now discovered evidence of possible hydraulic system use after studying the Djoser in Saqqara, which stands approximately 60 to 62 metres tall.&nbsp;

The study was led by Dr Xavier Landreau from the CEA Paleotechnic Institute and his team of French engineers, hydrologists and material scientists. They uncovered new insights into the pyramid's construction using satellite radar imagery and historical archaeology.&nbsp;

Also read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/andamans-is-home-to-frogs-who-mate-upside-down-and-kick-and-punch-each-other-to-win-over-females-745171" target="_blank">These frogs get pretty violent to win over females, and then mate upside-down</a>

Instead of the Great Pyramid of Giza, researchers chose to study the Step Pyramid of Djoser because it is the earliest colossal stone building in Egypt. It was said to have been constructed during the Third Dynasty under the reign of Pharaoh Djoser (circa 2670–2650 BCE).&nbsp;

The first find was the mysterious Gisr el-Mudir, a nearly two-kilometre-long rectangular stone enclosure located directly west of Djoser's complex. It was believed that the enclosure has been variably interpreted as a cattle pen, fortress or sacred space.&nbsp;

In an interview with Haaretz, Dr Landreau explained, "Satellite imagery clearly shows that a rectangular stone enclosure known as Gisr el-Mudir, located west of the Saqqara necropolis, has all the technical characteristics of a check dam. This feature would have been used to control the flow of flash floods and capture heavy objects coming from upriver."&nbsp;

This is a considerably more advanced theory that has led to new research directions. The findings of the study suggest that having a sophisticated water management system in place made construction easier.&nbsp;

According to the study authors, "The Egyptians were famous for their pioneering and mastery of hydraulics through canals for irrigation purposes and barges to transport huge stones already."&nbsp;

(With inputs from agencies)&nbsp;&nbsp;

The Egyptian pyramids without a doubt are among the most amazing man-made constructions in history. Several conspiracies exist regarding how those pyramids were built, with some theories even including a link to otherworldly beings, such as aliens.

The Egyptian pyramids without a doubt are among the most amazing man-made constructions in history. Several conspiracies exist regarding how those pyramids were built, with some theories even including a link to otherworldly beings, such as aliens. But there's, of course, no solid evidence to back such outrageous theories. Scientists wondered how an ancient civilisation managed to build it in the absence of heavy machinery. With advancements in science, we might finally know how the pyramids were built, as physicists think they've finally figured out the secrets of construction. In their latest attempt, researchers have proposed a stunning theory, which states that a form of hydraulic lift was used in the construction of the 4,600-year-old Egyptian pyramid. Also read: Virus that causes Covid is widespread among wildlife species in US: Study In a study, which was published as a pre-print on ResearchGate, researchers said that the landscape, waterways and interior architecture of the Step Pyramid of Djoser point to the hydraulic system. According to a report by Heritage Daily, the previous widely held theory included that ramps and rollers were used to lift and position the incredibly huge stones. Researchers have now discovered evidence of possible hydraulic system use after studying the Djoser in Saqqara, which stands approximately 60 to 62 metres tall. The study was led by Dr Xavier Landreau from the CEA Paleotechnic Institute and his team of French engineers, hydrologists and material scientists. They uncovered new insights into the pyramid's construction using satellite radar imagery and historical archaeology. Also read: These frogs get pretty violent to win over females, and then mate upside-down Instead of the Great Pyramid of Giza, researchers chose to study the Step Pyramid of Djoser because it is the earliest colossal stone building in Egypt. It was said to have been constructed during the Third Dynasty under the reign of Pharaoh Djoser (circa 2670–2650 BCE). The first find was the mysterious Gisr el-Mudir, a nearly two-kilometre-long rectangular stone enclosure located directly west of Djoser's complex. It was believed that the enclosure has been variably interpreted as a cattle pen, fortress or sacred space. In an interview with Haaretz, Dr Landreau explained, "Satellite imagery clearly shows that a rectangular stone enclosure known as Gisr el-Mudir, located west of the Saqqara necropolis, has all the technical characteristics of a check dam. This feature would have been used to control the flow of flash floods and capture heavy objects coming from upriver." This is a considerably more advanced theory that has led to new research directions. The findings of the study suggest that having a sophisticated water management system in place made construction easier. According to the study authors, "The Egyptians were famous for their pioneering and mastery of hydraulics through canals for irrigation purposes and barges to transport huge stones already." (With inputs from agencies)

Researchers present new theory about construction of first Egyptian pyramid

A revolutionary&nbsp;new blood test can detect if a patient is suffering from memory loss due to Alzheimer's disease, with 90 per cent accuracy. The convenience of a blood test means that patients can receive accurate diagnoses without splurging extra cash on&nbsp;current diagnostic methods where expensive scans and spinal fluid samples are used.&nbsp;

Comparatively, neurologists and memory specialists are able to correctly diagnose Alzheimer's in only 73 per cent of their cases. As for primary care doctors, the figure further plummets to only a 61 per cent accuracy rate.&nbsp;

Researchers at Lund University in Sweden published the study in JAMA, titled, "Blood Biomarkers to Detect Alzheimer Disease in Primary Care and Secondary Care" on Sunday (Jul 28).

To conduct the blood test, the scientists attempted to evaluate a combination of protein ratios&nbsp;found in human serum that can accurately detect the disease. The test measures&nbsp;tau protein 217 (or p-tau217 for short) and amyloid - both of which&nbsp;are biomarkers used to detect mild cognitive impairment and early-stage Alzheimer’s disease.

In some countries, in order to receive medicines for Alzheimer's, the patient needs to prove that they have an accumulation of amyloids in their brain. Accumulation of amyloids is one of the indicators of Alzheimer's disease which the blood test conducted by researchers at Lund University attempted to find.&nbsp;

“Increases in p tau-217 concentrations in the blood are quite profound in Alzheimer’s disease. At the dementia stage of the disease, levels are more than 8 times higher compared with elderly without Alzheimer’s,”&nbsp;study coauthor Dr Sebastian Palmqvist was quoted as saying by CNN.&nbsp;

<a href="https://www.wionews.com/videos/european-medicines-watchdog-rejects-new-alzheimers-drug-744701">Watch |&nbsp;European medicines watchdog rejects new Alzheimer's drug</a>

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<h2>Reliability of blood test</h2>

To confirm whether the blood test was reliable or not,&nbsp;Palmqvist and his team zeroed in on 1213 patients who were being evaluated for Alzheimer's by their family doctors or specialists between February 2020 and January 2024. As it turns out, the blood test predicts Alzheimer's with a 90 per cent accuracy.&nbsp;

"This blood test (the APS2) had high diagnostic accuracy for identifying Alzheimer's disease among individuals with cognitive symptoms in primary and secondary care, providing superior performance compared with the diagnostic accuracy after standard clinical evaluation," the test results showed.&nbsp;

<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/us-fda-approves-new-breakthrough-medicine-for-alzheimers-heres-what-it-does-550175">Also read |&nbsp;US FDA approves new ‘breakthrough’ medicine for Alzheimer’s. Here’s what it does</a>

Once fully vetted, highly accurate blood tests could change the game in the speed in which doctors can conduct Alzheimer’s trials and get to the next new medication.&nbsp;

(With inputs from agencies)

A revolutionary new blood test can detect if a patient is suffering from memory loss due to Alzheimer's disease, with 90 per cent accuracy. The convenience of a blood test means that patients can receive accurate diagnoses without splurging extra cash on current diagnostic methods where expensive scans and spinal fluid samples are used.

A revolutionary new blood test can detect if a patient is suffering from memory loss due to Alzheimer's disease, with 90 per cent accuracy. The convenience of a blood test means that patients can receive accurate diagnoses without splurging extra cash on current diagnostic methods where expensive scans and spinal fluid samples are used. Comparatively, neurologists and memory specialists are able to correctly diagnose Alzheimer's in only 73 per cent of their cases. As for primary care doctors, the figure further plummets to only a 61 per cent accuracy rate. Researchers at Lund University in Sweden published the study in JAMA, titled, "Blood Biomarkers to Detect Alzheimer Disease in Primary Care and Secondary Care" on Sunday (Jul 28). To conduct the blood test, the scientists attempted to evaluate a combination of protein ratios found in human serum that can accurately detect the disease. The test measures tau protein 217 (or p-tau217 for short) and amyloid - both of which are biomarkers used to detect mild cognitive impairment and early-stage Alzheimer’s disease. In some countries, in order to receive medicines for Alzheimer's, the patient needs to prove that they have an accumulation of amyloids in their brain. Accumulation of amyloids is one of the indicators of Alzheimer's disease which the blood test conducted by researchers at Lund University attempted to find. “Increases in p tau-217 concentrations in the blood are quite profound in Alzheimer’s disease. At the dementia stage of the disease, levels are more than 8 times higher compared with elderly without Alzheimer’s,” study coauthor Dr Sebastian Palmqvist was quoted as saying by CNN. Watch | European medicines watchdog rejects new Alzheimer's drug × Reliability of blood test To confirm whether the blood test was reliable or not, Palmqvist and his team zeroed in on 1213 patients who were being evaluated for Alzheimer's by their family doctors or specialists between February 2020 and January 2024. As it turns out, the blood test predicts Alzheimer's with a 90 per cent accuracy. "This blood test (the APS2) had high diagnostic accuracy for identifying Alzheimer's disease among individuals with cognitive symptoms in primary and secondary care, providing superior performance compared with the diagnostic accuracy after standard clinical evaluation," the test results showed. Also read | US FDA approves new ‘breakthrough’ medicine for Alzheimer’s. Here’s what it does Once fully vetted, highly accurate blood tests could change the game in the speed in which doctors can conduct Alzheimer’s trials and get to the next new medication. (With inputs from agencies)

Revolutionary new blood test can detect Alzheimer's with 90% accuracy

A team of researchers at Virginia Tech said in the latest study that SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, is widespread among wildlife species. The researchers said that they examined 23 common backyard species in Virginia and found that six of them harboured the virus.&nbsp;

The study, published on Monday (Jul 29) in the journal Nature Communications, mentioned that SARS-CoV-2 was detected in six common backyard species, including deer mice, opossums, raccoons, groundhogs, cottontail rabbits and red bats.&nbsp;

The study, titled, "Widespread exposure to SARS-CoV-2 in wildlife communities", noted that antibodies indicating prior exposure to the coronavirus were found in five animal species.&nbsp;

Also read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/andamans-is-home-to-frogs-who-mate-upside-down-and-kick-and-punch-each-other-to-win-over-females-745171">These frogs get pretty violent to win over females, and then mate upside-down</a>

The rates of exposure ranged from 40% to 60% between species, with researchers saying that the full extent of SARS-CoV-2 exposure among wildlife communities and the factors that influence wildlife transmission risk remain unknown.&nbsp;

The study found that genetic monitoring in wild animals verified the existence of SARS-CoV-2 and distinct viral mutations with lineages closely resembling versions that were circulating in humans.&nbsp;

The findings have further validated the hypothesis that humans may transmit the virus to animals. Last year in September, a study published in Nature Communications highlighted how the virus commonly leaps from humans to white-tailed deer, and it is probably evolving even more rapidly. The virus was also reported in feral mink.&nbsp;

Also read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/chernobyls-miraculous-survivors-resilient-worms-thrive-amid-hazardous-radiation-744950">Chernobyl’s miraculous survivors: Resilient worms thrive amid hazardous radiation</a>&nbsp;

The scientists at the Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at VTC, the Department of Biological Sciences in Virginia Tech's College of Science, and the Fralin Life Sciences Institute said&nbsp;that the highest exposure to the Covid virus was found in animals near hiking trails and high-traffic public areas. The findings have suggested that the virus passed from humans to wildlife.&nbsp;

The researchers further added that there was no evidence of Covid passing from animals to humans, so people don't need to worry about getting the illness from any critters they come across while on a hike.&nbsp;

Researcher Carla Finkielstein, a professor of biological sciences with Virginia Tech's Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at VTC, said: "The virus can jump from humans to wildlife when we are in contact with them, like a hitchhiker switching rides to a new, more suitable host."&nbsp;

"The goal of the virus is to spread in order to survive. The virus aims to infect more humans, but vaccinations protect many humans. So, the virus turns to animals, adapting and mutating to thrive in the new hosts," Finkielstein added in a Virginia Tech news release.&nbsp;

The study's primary focus was Virginia, but several of the species that tested positive are widespread animals found all around North America. Researchers said there is an urgent need for surveillance throughout a larger territory because it is possible that they are also being exposed in other places.&nbsp;

(With inputs from agencies)&nbsp;

A team of researchers at Virginia Tech said in the latest study that SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, is widespread among wildlife species. The researchers said that they examined 23 common backyard species in Virginia and found that six of them harboured the virus.

A team of researchers at Virginia Tech said in the latest study that SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, is widespread among wildlife species. The researchers said that they examined 23 common backyard species in Virginia and found that six of them harboured the virus. The study, published on Monday (Jul 29) in the journal Nature Communications, mentioned that SARS-CoV-2 was detected in six common backyard species, including deer mice, opossums, raccoons, groundhogs, cottontail rabbits and red bats. The study, titled, "Widespread exposure to SARS-CoV-2 in wildlife communities", noted that antibodies indicating prior exposure to the coronavirus were found in five animal species. Also read: These frogs get pretty violent to win over females, and then mate upside-down The rates of exposure ranged from 40% to 60% between species, with researchers saying that the full extent of SARS-CoV-2 exposure among wildlife communities and the factors that influence wildlife transmission risk remain unknown. The study found that genetic monitoring in wild animals verified the existence of SARS-CoV-2 and distinct viral mutations with lineages closely resembling versions that were circulating in humans. The findings have further validated the hypothesis that humans may transmit the virus to animals. Last year in September, a study published in Nature Communications highlighted how the virus commonly leaps from humans to white-tailed deer, and it is probably evolving even more rapidly. The virus was also reported in feral mink. Also read: Chernobyl’s miraculous survivors: Resilient worms thrive amid hazardous radiation The scientists at the Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at VTC, the Department of Biological Sciences in Virginia Tech's College of Science, and the Fralin Life Sciences Institute said that the highest exposure to the Covid virus was found in animals near hiking trails and high-traffic public areas. The findings have suggested that the virus passed from humans to wildlife. The researchers further added that there was no evidence of Covid passing from animals to humans, so people don't need to worry about getting the illness from any critters they come across while on a hike. Researcher Carla Finkielstein, a professor of biological sciences with Virginia Tech's Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at VTC, said: "The virus can jump from humans to wildlife when we are in contact with them, like a hitchhiker switching rides to a new, more suitable host." "The goal of the virus is to spread in order to survive. The virus aims to infect more humans, but vaccinations protect many humans. So, the virus turns to animals, adapting and mutating to thrive in the new hosts," Finkielstein added in a Virginia Tech news release. The study's primary focus was Virginia, but several of the species that tested positive are widespread animals found all around North America. Researchers said there is an urgent need for surveillance throughout a larger territory because it is possible that they are also being exposed in other places. (With inputs from agencies)

Virus that causes Covid is widespread among wildlife species in US: Study

Venus has been throwing up some wonders for the past few weeks. First, astronomers found two important gases - molecule phosphine and ammonia - in its&nbsp;atmosphere. Now, an amateur astronomer has spotted a strange wall of acid-filled clouds on the planet. Known as the Venus Cloud Discontinuity, the wall is around 5,000 miles long. It cuts across the equator of the planet and has been spotted hovering about 30 and 35 miles above the surface.

Luigi Morrone has photographed the wall from Agerola, Italy. He clicked the picture on July 17 and said that the last time he saw it was in 2022. The discontinuity appears like a wavelike structure moving westward around the planet. &nbsp;

Strangely, the wall was first observed only a few years back. Japan's Venus orbiter Akatsuki spotted it as recently as 2016. However, as per NASA, &nbsp;the Venus Cloud Discontinuity has likely been in existence since around the 1980s. It travels around the planet at about 205 miles per hour and completes a full circuit around the planet in about five Earth days. In comparison, Venus completes one rotation in 243 Earth days, making the wall's movement way faster.&nbsp;
<img alt="Images of the Venus Cloud Discontinuity taken by Luigi Morrone" data-caption="&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;Images of the Venus Cloud Discontinuity taken by Luigi Morrone&lt;/strong&gt;" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="db3a861c-b765-42f9-815b-33e3d0f145e5" src="//cdn.wionews.com/sites/default/files/inline-images/Untitled%20design%20-%202024-07-29T161541.096.png" />
&nbsp;

"It has been observed on Venus since the very first nightside observations in the K-band performed in the decade of the 1980s, but we identified it for the first time using the Akatsuki/IR2 images which had a very good spatial resolution," Japan Aerospace eXploration Agency (JAXA) scientist Javier Peralta, who first spotted the structure, told Newsweek.

Also Read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/astronomers-detect-two-vital-gases-in-venus-is-this-a-hint-of-alien-life-741929">Astronomers detect two vital gases in Venus. Is this a hint of alien life?</a>

Peralta added that the data shows that the wall was also present on Venus during the years 2006-2008. He added that Venus is the only planet where such an "atmospheric disruption" occurs. Calling it "a new meteorological phenomenon", he says that it is "unseen on other planets".&nbsp;

"We're still not certain what it is," he added.&nbsp;

<h2>What is Venus Cloud Discontinuity?</h2>

Venus has one of the densest atmospheres and comprises a thick cloud cover containing sulfuric acid. It has a surface temperature of around 870 degrees Fahrenheit on&nbsp; average&nbsp;caused by the CO2 levels present in the atmosphere. Venus exhibits a phenomenon known as "super-rotation", whereby its atmosphere rotates much faster than the planet itself. Venus Cloud Discontinuity, Peralta says, might be a link between the planet's surface and its fast-moving clouds.

Due to it being a new phenomenon, Peralta says "it is yet difficult to provide a confident physical interpretation". "But we do not have doubts that its cyclical effects over the clouds' properties and distribution of atmospheric aerosols are key pieces missing to complete the complex puzzle of Venus," Peralta said in 2020 in a NASA statement.

Peralta stressed that "it's not a permanent atmospheric phenomenon on Venus, but a 'recurrent' one (like El Niño or La Niña on the Earth), though we don't know yet how it is produced or when it will be visible".

Venus has been throwing up some wonders for the past few weeks. First, astronomers found two important gases - molecule phosphine and ammonia - in its atmosphere.

Venus has been throwing up some wonders for the past few weeks. First, astronomers found two important gases - molecule phosphine and ammonia - in its atmosphere. Now, an amateur astronomer has spotted a strange wall of acid-filled clouds on the planet. Known as the Venus Cloud Discontinuity, the wall is around 5,000 miles long. It cuts across the equator of the planet and has been spotted hovering about 30 and 35 miles above the surface. Luigi Morrone has photographed the wall from Agerola, Italy. He clicked the picture on July 17 and said that the last time he saw it was in 2022. The discontinuity appears like a wavelike structure moving westward around the planet. Strangely, the wall was first observed only a few years back. Japan's Venus orbiter Akatsuki spotted it as recently as 2016. However, as per NASA, the Venus Cloud Discontinuity has likely been in existence since around the 1980s. It travels around the planet at about 205 miles per hour and completes a full circuit around the planet in about five Earth days. In comparison, Venus completes one rotation in 243 Earth days, making the wall's movement way faster. "It has been observed on Venus since the very first nightside observations in the K-band performed in the decade of the 1980s, but we identified it for the first time using the Akatsuki/IR2 images which had a very good spatial resolution," Japan Aerospace eXploration Agency (JAXA) scientist Javier Peralta, who first spotted the structure, told Newsweek. Also Read: Astronomers detect two vital gases in Venus. Is this a hint of alien life? Peralta added that the data shows that the wall was also present on Venus during the years 2006-2008. He added that Venus is the only planet where such an "atmospheric disruption" occurs. Calling it "a new meteorological phenomenon", he says that it is "unseen on other planets". "We're still not certain what it is," he added. What is Venus Cloud Discontinuity? Venus has one of the densest atmospheres and comprises a thick cloud cover containing sulfuric acid. It has a surface temperature of around 870 degrees Fahrenheit on average caused by the CO2 levels present in the atmosphere. Venus exhibits a phenomenon known as "super-rotation", whereby its atmosphere rotates much faster than the planet itself. Venus Cloud Discontinuity, Peralta says, might be a link between the planet's surface and its fast-moving clouds. Due to it being a new phenomenon, Peralta says "it is yet difficult to provide a confident physical interpretation". "But we do not have doubts that its cyclical effects over the clouds' properties and distribution of atmospheric aerosols are key pieces missing to complete the complex puzzle of Venus," Peralta said in 2020 in a NASA statement. Peralta stressed that "it's not a permanent atmospheric phenomenon on Venus, but a 'recurrent' one (like El Niño or La Niña on the Earth), though we don't know yet how it is produced or when it will be visible".

Mysterious 5,000-mile wall of acid-filled clouds hovering over surface of Venus

India is home to a species of frog that displays peculiar mating behaviour. According to a study published in the Harvard Museum of Comparative Zoology’s journal Breviora, these frogs mate and lay their eggs while upside down. An endangered species named Charles Darwin, they are endemic to the Andamans. Scientists from India and the US collaborated on the paper, which says that these frogs hang upside down on the walls of tree cavities filled with water where the&nbsp;hatchlings drop.

This is the first time that such a thing has been observed in any frog species. According to data, there are 7,708 frog species in the world and almost all of them spawn and mate inside water or other terrestrial habitats. Some also follow the method of external fertilisation, where the female lays eggs during mating, while the male releases sperm to fertilise them.

Biologists from the University of Delhi, the Zoological Survey of India, Harvard University, and the University of Minnesota worked together to understand the rare behaviour exhibited by these frogs.&nbsp;

Professor SD Biju from the University of Delhi, who led the study, says, “This is a remarkable frog and its reproductive behaviour is unique for a number of reasons. No other frog lays terrestrial eggs in an upside-down position within tree holes.”&nbsp;

Also Read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/these-female-frogs-refuse-sex-eat-up-males-if-they-dont-like-their-singing-741488">These female frogs refuse sex, eat up males if they don’t like their singing</a>

Professor Biju, who is currently a fellow at the Harvard Radcliffe Institute and an Associate of Harvard’s Museum of Comparative Zoology, added, "Such specialised traits also yield insights into the evolution of reproductive modes and behaviours among anuran amphibians. This discovery is crucial for understanding the species’ interaction with its environment and its essential habitats.”

<h2>Fierce fighting to mate</h2>

Another aspect of these frogs that has caught the attention of scientists is their mating calls. Instead of the simple, single-type mating call that most frog species are known to practice, the Charles Darwin frogs perform three types of “complex” calls to attract female attention. It gets pretty ugly and violent as well.&nbsp;

They start off with aggressive calls to fend off competing male frogs. If that fails, they start punching and kicking each other, attacking each other even with their mouth, biting and tearing off flesh, and even the head. Whoever wins and successfully mounts the female frog continues to fight the other frogs who now start butting their heads between the two in a bid to separate them. However, Professor Biju says despite being so violent, these fights rarely lead to death.

Scientists say that this method of mating possibly happened to prevent other male frogs from disrupting the mating process.

The study's findings have also become a cause of concern as the loss of natural habitats is forcing the species to thrive in human trash in forests where human activities are altering the environment. Competition for natural breeding sites is forcing them to mate in plastic and metal containers.&nbsp;

&nbsp;

&nbsp;

India is home to a species of frog that displays peculiar mating behaviour. According to a study published in the Harvard Museum of Comparative Zoology’s journal Breviora, these frogs mate and lay their eggs while upside down.

India is home to a species of frog that displays peculiar mating behaviour. According to a study published in the Harvard Museum of Comparative Zoology’s journal Breviora, these frogs mate and lay their eggs while upside down. An endangered species named Charles Darwin, they are endemic to the Andamans. Scientists from India and the US collaborated on the paper, which says that these frogs hang upside down on the walls of tree cavities filled with water where the hatchlings drop. This is the first time that such a thing has been observed in any frog species. According to data, there are 7,708 frog species in the world and almost all of them spawn and mate inside water or other terrestrial habitats. Some also follow the method of external fertilisation, where the female lays eggs during mating, while the male releases sperm to fertilise them. Biologists from the University of Delhi, the Zoological Survey of India, Harvard University, and the University of Minnesota worked together to understand the rare behaviour exhibited by these frogs. Professor SD Biju from the University of Delhi, who led the study, says, “This is a remarkable frog and its reproductive behaviour is unique for a number of reasons. No other frog lays terrestrial eggs in an upside-down position within tree holes.” Also Read: These female frogs refuse sex, eat up males if they don’t like their singing Professor Biju, who is currently a fellow at the Harvard Radcliffe Institute and an Associate of Harvard’s Museum of Comparative Zoology, added, "Such specialised traits also yield insights into the evolution of reproductive modes and behaviours among anuran amphibians. This discovery is crucial for understanding the species’ interaction with its environment and its essential habitats.” Fierce fighting to mate Another aspect of these frogs that has caught the attention of scientists is their mating calls. Instead of the simple, single-type mating call that most frog species are known to practice, the Charles Darwin frogs perform three types of “complex” calls to attract female attention. It gets pretty ugly and violent as well. They start off with aggressive calls to fend off competing male frogs. If that fails, they start punching and kicking each other, attacking each other even with their mouth, biting and tearing off flesh, and even the head. Whoever wins and successfully mounts the female frog continues to fight the other frogs who now start butting their heads between the two in a bid to separate them. However, Professor Biju says despite being so violent, these fights rarely lead to death. Scientists say that this method of mating possibly happened to prevent other male frogs from disrupting the mating process. The study's findings have also become a cause of concern as the loss of natural habitats is forcing the species to thrive in human trash in forests where human activities are altering the environment. Competition for natural breeding sites is forcing them to mate in plastic and metal containers.

These frogs get pretty violent to win over females, and then mate upside-down

Delta Aquariids, the annual meteor showers that light up the sky from July to August, will peak on Tuesday (Jul&nbsp;30). The celestial event in which two meteor showers - Delta Aquariids and Presteids - become clearly visible in the sky and eventually come together has been going on since July and will end in August.

<h2>What is the best time to watch Delta Aquariid meteor shower?</h2>

This year, the whole meteor shower phenomenon runs from around July 18 to August 21.

The Delta Aquariid meteor shower has been happening through late July but is expected to peak at 15:16 UTC on Tuesday (Jul&nbsp;30). The most visible period for this is mid-evening to early morning. The best time to watch is before the moon rises. The Delta Aquariid meteor shower will eventually converge with the Perseids meteor shower in August.

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/fleeting-meteors-auroras-feature-in-a-mesmerising-timelapse-video-shot-by-iss-astronaut-744706">Fleeting meteors, auroras feature in a mesmerising timelapse video shot by ISS astronaut</a>

At its peak, the Delta Aquariids meteor shower can reveal up to 20 meteors if the sky is dark and not cloudy, and not affected by moonlight.

It is most visible in the southern hemisphere, including the southern US. In the UK, the shooting stars will be most visible post-midnight on Tuesday, with the best visibility expected an hour or two after midnight.

<h2>What is a meteor shower? Origins of Delta Acuariids meteor&nbsp;</h2>

A meteor shower happens when dust particles left behind comets pass over the earth. These are very small particles and gases that produce light when vapourise in the atmosphere.

Also watch |&nbsp;NASA's rover uncovers startling finds on Mars

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The Delta Aquariids, which gained its name from Aquarius, shooting stars are believed to have originated from the comet 96P/Machholz though it is not fully established.&nbsp;

Up to 20 'shooting stars' can be seen per hour at the peak of Delta Aquariids.

<h2>How to watch?</h2>

In places where it's likely to be visible, the best way to watch a meteor shower is through the naked eye, and not telescopes. But one has to 'practice' looking into the dark sky, as the eye takes up to 10 minutes to get adjusted to it. &nbsp; 
 
(With inputs from agencies)

Delta Aquariids, the annual meteor showers that light up the sky from July to August, will peak on Tuesday (Jul 30). The celestial event in which two meteor showers - Delta Aquariids and Presteids - become clearly visible in the sky and eventually come together has been going on since July and will end in August.

Delta Aquariids, the annual meteor showers that light up the sky from July to August, will peak on Tuesday (Jul 30). The celestial event in which two meteor showers - Delta Aquariids and Presteids - become clearly visible in the sky and eventually come together has been going on since July and will end in August. What is the best time to watch Delta Aquariid meteor shower? This year, the whole meteor shower phenomenon runs from around July 18 to August 21. The Delta Aquariid meteor shower has been happening through late July but is expected to peak at 15:16 UTC on Tuesday (Jul 30). The most visible period for this is mid-evening to early morning. The best time to watch is before the moon rises. The Delta Aquariid meteor shower will eventually converge with the Perseids meteor shower in August. Also read | Fleeting meteors, auroras feature in a mesmerising timelapse video shot by ISS astronaut At its peak, the Delta Aquariids meteor shower can reveal up to 20 meteors if the sky is dark and not cloudy, and not affected by moonlight. It is most visible in the southern hemisphere, including the southern US. In the UK, the shooting stars will be most visible post-midnight on Tuesday, with the best visibility expected an hour or two after midnight. What is a meteor shower? Origins of Delta Acuariids meteor A meteor shower happens when dust particles left behind comets pass over the earth. These are very small particles and gases that produce light when vapourise in the atmosphere. Also watch | NASA's rover uncovers startling finds on Mars × The Delta Aquariids, which gained its name from Aquarius, shooting stars are believed to have originated from the comet 96P/Machholz though it is not fully established. Up to 20 'shooting stars' can be seen per hour at the peak of Delta Aquariids. How to watch? In places where it's likely to be visible, the best way to watch a meteor shower is through the naked eye, and not telescopes. But one has to 'practice' looking into the dark sky, as the eye takes up to 10 minutes to get adjusted to it. (With inputs from agencies)

Delta Aquariids meteor shower to peak this week. How, when and where to watch celestial event

In a major breakthrough related to artificial heart transplants, scientists at the Texas Heart Institute (THI) were able to carry out implantation using a "titanium-constructed" heart. The operation was conducted as a part of an early feasibility study overseen by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The THI said the heart "is a titanium-constructed biventricular rotary blood pump with a single moving part that utilises a magnetically levitated rotor that pumps the blood and replaces both ventricles of a failing heart."

The heart is made by BiVACOR and uses the same technology as high-speed rail lines. BiVACOR is said to have been working on this device since 2013.

<h2>No friction</h2>

The advantage of the&nbsp;titanium heart, which uses a magnetically levitated rotor, is that there is no friction involved. It reduces wear and tear and prolongs the heart's life.

The heart uses a small rechargeable external controller to keep it going. It is able to push blood at the rate of 12 litres per minute, enough to sustain an adult.

Other artificial hearts use flexible polymer diaphragms to pump blood. But the components of such hearts wear out soon and it reduces their lifespan.

Also read:&nbsp;<a data-ved="2ahUKEwi17JHayMeHAxXCj68BHXfcD9AQxfQBKAB6BAgHEAE" href="https://www.wionews.com/science/vein-filled-rock-on-mars-could-reveal-signs-of-ancient-life-on-red-planet-744404" jsname="YKoRaf" ping="/url?sa=t&amp;source=web&amp;rct=j&amp;opi=89978449&amp;url=https://www.wionews.com/science/vein-filled-rock-on-mars-could-reveal-signs-of-ancient-life-on-red-planet-744404&amp;ved=2ahUKEwi17JHayMeHAxXCj68BHXfcD9AQxfQBKAB6BAgHEAE">Vein-filled rock on Mars could reveal signs of ancient life on Red Planet</a>

"This achievement would not have been possible without the courage of our first patient and their family, the dedication of our team, and our expert collaborators at The Texas Heart Institute," said Daniel Timms, founder and CTO of BiVACOR.

"Utilising advanced maglev technology, our TAH brings us one step closer to providing a desperately needed option for people with end-stage heart failure who require support while waiting for a heart transplant. I look forward to continuing the next phase of our clinical trial.”

Watch:&nbsp;Gravitas: China's 11-year-old 'rocket boy' who has written over 600 lines of code

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Despite all these benefits of the titanium heart, it's strictly meant for those who are waiting for a permanent heart transplant.

As per the American Heart Association, 3,400 heart patients across&nbsp;the United States await a permanent transplant a day.

(With inputs from agencies)

In a major breakthrough related to artificial heart transplants, scientists at the Texas Heart Institute (THI) were able to carry out implantation using a "titanium-constructed" heart.

In a major breakthrough related to artificial heart transplants, scientists at the Texas Heart Institute (THI) were able to carry out implantation using a "titanium-constructed" heart. The operation was conducted as a part of an early feasibility study overseen by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The THI said the heart "is a titanium-constructed biventricular rotary blood pump with a single moving part that utilises a magnetically levitated rotor that pumps the blood and replaces both ventricles of a failing heart." The heart is made by BiVACOR and uses the same technology as high-speed rail lines. BiVACOR is said to have been working on this device since 2013. No friction The advantage of the titanium heart, which uses a magnetically levitated rotor, is that there is no friction involved. It reduces wear and tear and prolongs the heart's life. The heart uses a small rechargeable external controller to keep it going. It is able to push blood at the rate of 12 litres per minute, enough to sustain an adult. Other artificial hearts use flexible polymer diaphragms to pump blood. But the components of such hearts wear out soon and it reduces their lifespan. Also read: Vein-filled rock on Mars could reveal signs of ancient life on Red Planet "This achievement would not have been possible without the courage of our first patient and their family, the dedication of our team, and our expert collaborators at The Texas Heart Institute," said Daniel Timms, founder and CTO of BiVACOR. "Utilising advanced maglev technology, our TAH brings us one step closer to providing a desperately needed option for people with end-stage heart failure who require support while waiting for a heart transplant. I look forward to continuing the next phase of our clinical trial.” Watch: Gravitas: China's 11-year-old 'rocket boy' who has written over 600 lines of code × Despite all these benefits of the titanium heart, it's strictly meant for those who are waiting for a permanent heart transplant. As per the American Heart Association, 3,400 heart patients across the United States await a permanent transplant a day. (With inputs from agencies)

In major breakthrough, scientists successfully implant heart made of titanium

A team of researchers has been exploring the climate impact of the massive 2022 Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai (Hunga Tonga volcano) eruption, which is said to have even caused an extraordinarily large ozone hole. It was initially speculated that the volcano might have accounted for the extreme global warmth in 2023 and 2024, however, new research suggests that the underwater volcano might not have even been that bad.&nbsp;

The findings of the research, published on Wednesday (Jul 24) in the Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, revealed that the eruption actually contributed to cooling the Earth.&nbsp;

The team of researchers, consisting of Texas A&amp;M University atmospheric scientist Dr Andrew Dessler and several others, analysed the challenging existing assumptions about the effects of the volcano.&nbsp;

Analysis and insights of Dessler, who is a professor in the Texas A&amp;M Department of Atmospheric Sciences and the director of the Texas Center for Climate Studies, were published in the paper, titled "Evolution of the Climate Forcing During the Two Years after the Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai Eruption".&nbsp;

Also read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/scientists-close-on-to-create-heaviest-element-ever-known-to-humankind-744929">Scientists close to unique feat of creating heaviest element ever known to humankind</a>&nbsp;

The dramatic explosion of the Hunga Tonga volcano was seen in satellite images as the eruption sent massive smoke and ash into the air. It sent tsunami waves across the Pacific and caused damages, knocking out communications for the nation of about 105,000 people.&nbsp;

The eruption sent an unparalleled volume of water vapour into the stratosphere, raising the overall water content of the stratosphere by almost 10 per cent.&nbsp;

As reported by phys.org, Dessler noted that it was believed that water vapour, which is a potent greenhouse gas, could be responsible for the dramatic global warming that occurred in 2023 and 2024.&nbsp;

Also read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/chernobyls-miraculous-survivors-resilient-worms-thrive-amid-hazardous-radiation-744950">Chernobyl’s miraculous survivors: Resilient worms thrive amid hazardous radiation</a>&nbsp;

However, the analysis revealed that the eruption caused the climate system to lose more energy than it gained, which is what caused the minor cooling effect.&nbsp;

"Our paper pours cold water on the explanation that the eruption caused the extreme warmth of 2023 and 2024. Instead, we need to focus primarily on greenhouse gases from human activities as the main cause of the warming, with a big assist from the ongoing El Niño," Dessler explained as quoted.&nbsp;

(With inputs from agencies)&nbsp;

A team of researchers has been exploring the climate impact of the massive 2022 Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai (Hunga Tonga volcano) eruption, which is said to have even caused an extraordinarily large ozone hole.

A team of researchers has been exploring the climate impact of the massive 2022 Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai (Hunga Tonga volcano) eruption, which is said to have even caused an extraordinarily large ozone hole. It was initially speculated that the volcano might have accounted for the extreme global warmth in 2023 and 2024, however, new research suggests that the underwater volcano might not have even been that bad. The findings of the research, published on Wednesday (Jul 24) in the Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, revealed that the eruption actually contributed to cooling the Earth. The team of researchers, consisting of Texas A&M University atmospheric scientist Dr Andrew Dessler and several others, analysed the challenging existing assumptions about the effects of the volcano. Analysis and insights of Dessler, who is a professor in the Texas A&M Department of Atmospheric Sciences and the director of the Texas Center for Climate Studies, were published in the paper, titled "Evolution of the Climate Forcing During the Two Years after the Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai Eruption". Also read: Scientists close to unique feat of creating heaviest element ever known to humankind The dramatic explosion of the Hunga Tonga volcano was seen in satellite images as the eruption sent massive smoke and ash into the air. It sent tsunami waves across the Pacific and caused damages, knocking out communications for the nation of about 105,000 people. The eruption sent an unparalleled volume of water vapour into the stratosphere, raising the overall water content of the stratosphere by almost 10 per cent. As reported by phys.org, Dessler noted that it was believed that water vapour, which is a potent greenhouse gas, could be responsible for the dramatic global warming that occurred in 2023 and 2024. Also read: Chernobyl’s miraculous survivors: Resilient worms thrive amid hazardous radiation However, the analysis revealed that the eruption caused the climate system to lose more energy than it gained, which is what caused the minor cooling effect. "Our paper pours cold water on the explanation that the eruption caused the extreme warmth of 2023 and 2024. Instead, we need to focus primarily on greenhouse gases from human activities as the main cause of the warming, with a big assist from the ongoing El Niño," Dessler explained as quoted. (With inputs from agencies)

Hunga Tonga volcano eruption in 2022 might have cooled Earth: Study

The wonders of science never cease to surprise. Now it has emerged that physicists are one step closer to creating the heaviest element ever known to humankind. The creation of the element has been made possible due to a recent scientific breakthrough at an American university.&nbsp;

Also watch |&nbsp;Chinese scientists develop smart fibre | How does it work?

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Scientists at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab) succeeded in producing two atoms of livermorium, element 116, using a titanium particle beam. This is the first crucial step towards synthesising the elusive element 120.&nbsp;

The discovery was announced at the Nuclear Structure 2024 conference. The discovery has been made by the Berkeley Lab, which has discovered 16 of the known 118 elements.&nbsp;

<h2>How did the scientists produce livermonium?&nbsp;</h2>

The experiment was performed using their heavy-ion accelerator, the 88-inch Cyclotron. The results, detailed in an upcoming paper on arXiv to be submitted to Physical Review Letters, point out that it is a key discovery in the search for element 120.

"This reaction had never been demonstrated before, and it was essential to prove it was possible before embarking on our attempt to make 120," said Jacklyn Gates, a nuclear scientist at Berkeley Lab leading the effort. "The creation of a new element is an extremely rare feat. It's exciting to be a part of the process and to have a promising path forward."

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/astronomers-discover-new-radio-galaxy-using-low-frequency-array-lofar-736903">Astronomers discover new radio galaxy using LOw-Frequency ARray (LOFAR)</a>

The potential creation of an atom of the element 120 would be a unique feat of an exceptional kind. However, the successful creation of livermorium has already suggested that with continued research, this goal is within reach.&nbsp;

"We needed for nature to be kind, and nature was kind," said Reiner Kruecken, director of Berkeley Lab's Nuclear Science Division. "We think it will take about 10 times longer to make 120 than 116. It's not easy, but it seems feasible now."

(With inputs from agencies)

The wonders of science never cease to surprise. Now it has emerged that physicists are one step closer to creating the heaviest element ever known to humankind. The creation of the element has been made possible due to a recent scientific breakthrough at an American university.

The wonders of science never cease to surprise. Now it has emerged that physicists are one step closer to creating the heaviest element ever known to humankind. The creation of the element has been made possible due to a recent scientific breakthrough at an American university. Also watch | Chinese scientists develop smart fibre | How does it work? × Scientists at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab) succeeded in producing two atoms of livermorium, element 116, using a titanium particle beam. This is the first crucial step towards synthesising the elusive element 120. The discovery was announced at the Nuclear Structure 2024 conference. The discovery has been made by the Berkeley Lab, which has discovered 16 of the known 118 elements. How did the scientists produce livermonium? The experiment was performed using their heavy-ion accelerator, the 88-inch Cyclotron. The results, detailed in an upcoming paper on arXiv to be submitted to Physical Review Letters, point out that it is a key discovery in the search for element 120. "This reaction had never been demonstrated before, and it was essential to prove it was possible before embarking on our attempt to make 120," said Jacklyn Gates, a nuclear scientist at Berkeley Lab leading the effort. "The creation of a new element is an extremely rare feat. It's exciting to be a part of the process and to have a promising path forward." Also read | Astronomers discover new radio galaxy using LOw-Frequency ARray (LOFAR) The potential creation of an atom of the element 120 would be a unique feat of an exceptional kind. However, the successful creation of livermorium has already suggested that with continued research, this goal is within reach. "We needed for nature to be kind, and nature was kind," said Reiner Kruecken, director of Berkeley Lab's Nuclear Science Division. "We think it will take about 10 times longer to make 120 than 116. It's not easy, but it seems feasible now." (With inputs from agencies)

Scientists close to unique feat of creating heaviest element ever known to humankind

Cancer is perhaps the most dreaded of all long-term illnesses that come with a very high fatality rate. Now, a group of scientists have made a groundbreaking discovery that a common type of mouth bacteria can potentially "melt" certain cancers.&nbsp;

<h2>The bacteria that 'melts' cancer</h2>

The hero of the moment is a bacteria called 'fusobacterium' and, as per a study by Guy's and St Thomas' and King's College London, it works exceptionally well against certain types of cancer.

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/lets-talk-about-sex-baby-freud-wasnt-just-about-the-phallus-reveals-new-analysis-of-his-work-744881">'Let's talk about sex baby': Freud wasn't just about the phallus, reveals new analysis of his work</a>

This surprising finding could pave the way for new treatments, particularly for head and neck cancers.

The study, led by Dr Miguel Reis Ferreira, a consultant in head and neck cancers, revealed that "In essence, we found that when you find these bacteria within head and neck cancers, they have much better outcomes."

"The other thing that we found is that in cell cultures, this bacterium is capable of killing cancer."

Researchers were "brutally surprised" by the bacteria's apparent ability to kill cancer cells, prompting further investigation into the biological mechanisms behind this phenomenon.

"What we're finding is that this little bug is causing a better outcome based on something that it's doing inside the cancer. So we are looking for that mechanism at present, and it should be the theme for a new paper in the very short-term future," he added, as reported by The Guardian.

"This research reveals that these bacteria play a more complex role than previously known in their relationship with cancer—that they essentially melt head and neck cancer cells. However, this finding should be balanced by their known role in making cancers such as those in the bowel get worse."

Laboratory studies supported this, showing a dramatic reduction in viable cancer cells after exposure to the bacteria. In some cases, the number of cancer cells dropped by 70 to 99 per cent within a few days.

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/two-shots-of-this-injection-every-year-gives-100-percent-prevention-from-hiv-study-744712">Two shots of THIS injection every year gives 100 percent prevention from HIV: study</a>

The research team initially anticipated a different outcome based on previous studies linking fusobacterium to the progression of bowel cancer. However, their findings showed the opposite effect in head and neck cancers. The bacteria seemed to destroy cancer cells swiftly and effectively.

An analysis of patient data from the Cancer Genome Atlas database confirmed these results. Patients with fusobacterium in their cancer had a 65 per cent lower risk of death compared to those without the bacteria. This significant finding suggests that fusobacterium could play a crucial role in future cancer treatments.

Dr Anjali Chander, the study's lead author, described the discovery as a "eureka moment" validated by international colleagues. The research team is now focused on understanding the exact mechanism by which fusobacterium kills cancer cells, with plans to publish more detailed findings soon.

(With inputs from agencies)

Cancer is perhaps the most dreaded of all long-term illnesses that come with a very high fatality rate. Now, a group of scientists have made a groundbreaking discovery that a common type of mouth bacteria can potentially "melt" certain cancers.

Cancer is perhaps the most dreaded of all long-term illnesses that come with a very high fatality rate. Now, a group of scientists have made a groundbreaking discovery that a common type of mouth bacteria can potentially "melt" certain cancers. The bacteria that 'melts' cancer The hero of the moment is a bacteria called 'fusobacterium' and, as per a study by Guy's and St Thomas' and King's College London, it works exceptionally well against certain types of cancer. Also read | 'Let's talk about sex baby': Freud wasn't just about the phallus, reveals new analysis of his work This surprising finding could pave the way for new treatments, particularly for head and neck cancers. The study, led by Dr Miguel Reis Ferreira, a consultant in head and neck cancers, revealed that "In essence, we found that when you find these bacteria within head and neck cancers, they have much better outcomes." "The other thing that we found is that in cell cultures, this bacterium is capable of killing cancer." Researchers were "brutally surprised" by the bacteria's apparent ability to kill cancer cells, prompting further investigation into the biological mechanisms behind this phenomenon. "What we're finding is that this little bug is causing a better outcome based on something that it's doing inside the cancer. So we are looking for that mechanism at present, and it should be the theme for a new paper in the very short-term future," he added, as reported by The Guardian. "This research reveals that these bacteria play a more complex role than previously known in their relationship with cancer—that they essentially melt head and neck cancer cells. However, this finding should be balanced by their known role in making cancers such as those in the bowel get worse." Laboratory studies supported this, showing a dramatic reduction in viable cancer cells after exposure to the bacteria. In some cases, the number of cancer cells dropped by 70 to 99 per cent within a few days. Also read | Two shots of THIS injection every year gives 100 percent prevention from HIV: study The research team initially anticipated a different outcome based on previous studies linking fusobacterium to the progression of bowel cancer. However, their findings showed the opposite effect in head and neck cancers. The bacteria seemed to destroy cancer cells swiftly and effectively. An analysis of patient data from the Cancer Genome Atlas database confirmed these results. Patients with fusobacterium in their cancer had a 65 per cent lower risk of death compared to those without the bacteria. This significant finding suggests that fusobacterium could play a crucial role in future cancer treatments. Dr Anjali Chander, the study's lead author, described the discovery as a "eureka moment" validated by international colleagues. The research team is now focused on understanding the exact mechanism by which fusobacterium kills cancer cells, with plans to publish more detailed findings soon. (With inputs from agencies)

'Eureka moment': Scientists discover THIS common mouth bacteria can 'melt' cancer

In April 1986, the Chernobyl accident triggered a disaster that within three months killed over 30 people and many more in the following months. Even today, Chernobyl, which used to be home to about 14,000 people, remains a ghost town where people can't survive due to high levels of radiation.&nbsp;

As per scientists, it could be thousands of years before the radioactive zone is safe for human habitation.

However, as per recent research, there's a certain lifeform that not only continues to survive, but thrives in the highly radioactive environment of the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone (CEZ).

<h2>Resilient worms</h2>

As per research published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, microscopic nematodes living in the highly radioactive environment have shown no signs of radiation-induced genetic damage.&nbsp;

Despite the hazardous conditions, these worms appear to have adapted remarkably well.&nbsp;

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/eureka-moment-scientist-discover-this-common-mouth-bacteria-can-melt-cancer-744911">'Eureka moment': Scientists discover THIS common mouth bacteria can 'melt' cancer</a>

<h2>Why does this matter?</h2>

The worms' ability to survive the dangerous conditions raises intriguing possibilities for DNA repair mechanisms that could benefit human medicine.

The study, led by biologist Sophia Tintori of New York University, focused on nematodes (microscopic roundworms), specifically the species Oschieus tipulae, collected from various sites within the CEZ.&nbsp;

Since the catastrophic explosion of the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant in April 1986, the surrounding area has been heavily contaminated with ionizing radiation, posing severe risks to any form of life.&nbsp;

The research team collected hundreds of nematodes from the soil, leaf litter, and rotten fruit in the CEZ, measuring radiation levels with Geiger counters and using protective suits. They cultured nearly 300 worms and selected 15 specimens of O. tipulae for genome sequencing,&nbsp;comparing them to specimens from other parts of the world, including the Philippines, Germany, the United States, Mauritius, and Australia.

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/lets-talk-about-sex-baby-freud-wasnt-just-about-the-phallus-reveals-new-analysis-of-his-work-744881" target="_blank">'Let's talk about sex baby': Freud wasn't just about the phallus, reveals new analysis of his work</a>

Contrary to expectations, the CEZ nematodes displayed no significant genetic damage.&nbsp;

The analysis revealed no large-scale chromosomal rearrangements or increased mutation rates linked to the ambient radiation levels. The genetic differences between the CEZ worms and those from other regions were primarily due to geographic distance rather than radiation exposure.

The findings suggest that these nematodes possess an extraordinary resilience to radiation, potentially due to natural selection favouring individuals resistant to ionising radiation. This resilience could provide valuable insights into DNA repair and cancer susceptibility in humans.

"Now that we know which strains of O. tipulae are more sensitive or more tolerant to DNA damage, we can use these strains to study why different individuals are more likely than others to suffer the effects of carcinogens," said Tintori.&nbsp;

"Thinking about how individuals respond differently to DNA-damaging agents in the environment is something that will help us have a clear vision of our own risk factors."

The research, as per Science Alert, opens new avenues for studying DNA repair mechanisms and improving cancer treatments, inspired by the resilience of these tiny but tenacious creatures.

(With inputs from agencies)

In April 1986, the Chernobyl accident triggered a disaster that within three months killed over 30 people and many more in the following months. Even today, Chernobyl, which used to be home to about 14,000 people, remains a ghost town where people can't survive due to high levels of radiation.

In April 1986, the Chernobyl accident triggered a disaster that within three months killed over 30 people and many more in the following months. Even today, Chernobyl, which used to be home to about 14,000 people, remains a ghost town where people can't survive due to high levels of radiation. As per scientists, it could be thousands of years before the radioactive zone is safe for human habitation. However, as per recent research, there's a certain lifeform that not only continues to survive, but thrives in the highly radioactive environment of the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone (CEZ). Resilient worms As per research published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, microscopic nematodes living in the highly radioactive environment have shown no signs of radiation-induced genetic damage. Despite the hazardous conditions, these worms appear to have adapted remarkably well. Also read | 'Eureka moment': Scientists discover THIS common mouth bacteria can 'melt' cancer Why does this matter? The worms' ability to survive the dangerous conditions raises intriguing possibilities for DNA repair mechanisms that could benefit human medicine. The study, led by biologist Sophia Tintori of New York University, focused on nematodes (microscopic roundworms), specifically the species Oschieus tipulae, collected from various sites within the CEZ. Since the catastrophic explosion of the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant in April 1986, the surrounding area has been heavily contaminated with ionizing radiation, posing severe risks to any form of life. The research team collected hundreds of nematodes from the soil, leaf litter, and rotten fruit in the CEZ, measuring radiation levels with Geiger counters and using protective suits. They cultured nearly 300 worms and selected 15 specimens of O. tipulae for genome sequencing, comparing them to specimens from other parts of the world, including the Philippines, Germany, the United States, Mauritius, and Australia. Also read | 'Let's talk about sex baby': Freud wasn't just about the phallus, reveals new analysis of his work Contrary to expectations, the CEZ nematodes displayed no significant genetic damage. The analysis revealed no large-scale chromosomal rearrangements or increased mutation rates linked to the ambient radiation levels. The genetic differences between the CEZ worms and those from other regions were primarily due to geographic distance rather than radiation exposure. The findings suggest that these nematodes possess an extraordinary resilience to radiation, potentially due to natural selection favouring individuals resistant to ionising radiation. This resilience could provide valuable insights into DNA repair and cancer susceptibility in humans. "Now that we know which strains of O. tipulae are more sensitive or more tolerant to DNA damage, we can use these strains to study why different individuals are more likely than others to suffer the effects of carcinogens," said Tintori. "Thinking about how individuals respond differently to DNA-damaging agents in the environment is something that will help us have a clear vision of our own risk factors." The research, as per Science Alert, opens new avenues for studying DNA repair mechanisms and improving cancer treatments, inspired by the resilience of these tiny but tenacious creatures. (With inputs from agencies)

Chernobyl’s miraculous survivors: Resilient worms thrive amid hazardous radiation

For decades, the joke about psychiatrists interpreting every dream object as a phallus has persisted. This supposedly reflects Sigmund Freud’s views. However, a new edition of Freud's seminal work, 'The Interpretation of Dreams,' revised by a modern scholar, is challenging these misconceptions.&nbsp;

The man behind this revised understanding of Freud's work is Mark Solms, a South African psychoanalyst and neuropsychologist.

His revised edition, a comprehensive 24-volume collection, was commissioned by the British Psychoanalytic Society and marks the 50th anniversary of the last segment of Freud's works. It will be unveiled at the Freud Museum in London on 19 September, ahead of a special conference at University College London.

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/chimpanzees-hold-conversations-just-like-humans-new-study-finds-744753">Chimpanzees hold 'conversations' just like humans, new study finds</a>

<h2>Freud's understanding of sexuality</h2>

Mark Solms, as per The Guardian, clarified that Freud's understanding of sexuality was far broader than commonly perceived.&nbsp;

"Freud had a very broad understanding of sexuality," Solms explains.&nbsp;

"For him, any activity that was pleasure-seeking in its own right—anything that one does for the purposes of pleasure alone, as opposed to practical purposes—was 'sexual'."

Thus, simple pleasures like a baby sucking a dummy, a child kicking a football, or swinging on a swing, were described by Freud as "sexual," purely because they provided enjoyment. This broad definition led to significant misunderstandings of Freud's theories, and "Late in his life, Freud acknowledged as much," he added.

The new edition by Solms rectifies several translation errors from James Strachey’s standard English translation of the 1950s and 60s.&nbsp;

Solms, fluent in German and raised in Namibia where an older form of the language is still spoken, has corrected these mistakes and contextualised the word "sexual."&nbsp;

"I've been correcting some errors: Strachey was elderly, and his sight was poor," said Solms. He has also updated some outdated technical terms and included essays, lectures, and other writings not present in Strachey's version.

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/breathing-polluted-air-as-kid-your-lungs-might-be-paying-the-price-years-later-study-744448">Breathing polluted air as kid? Your lungs might be paying the price years later: Study</a>

<h2>The birth of surrealism</h2>

Freud's theories on sexual urges, the meaning of dreams, and the quest for emotional freedom, which inspired the surrealist art movement a century ago, were also misinterpreted. Surrealists like Salvador Dalí, René Magritte, and Giorgio de Chirico were influenced by Freud's work, although they misunderstood him as a radical.&nbsp;

In reality, "None of them understood that Freud was a rather conservative gentleman and shared none of their revolutionary social inclinations," said Solms.

(With inputs from agencies)

For decades, the joke about psychiatrists interpreting every dream object as a phallus has persisted. This supposedly reflects Sigmund Freud’s views. However, a new edition of Freud's seminal work, 'The Interpretation of Dreams,' revised by a modern scholar, is challenging these misconceptions.

For decades, the joke about psychiatrists interpreting every dream object as a phallus has persisted. This supposedly reflects Sigmund Freud’s views. However, a new edition of Freud's seminal work, 'The Interpretation of Dreams,' revised by a modern scholar, is challenging these misconceptions. The man behind this revised understanding of Freud's work is Mark Solms, a South African psychoanalyst and neuropsychologist. His revised edition, a comprehensive 24-volume collection, was commissioned by the British Psychoanalytic Society and marks the 50th anniversary of the last segment of Freud's works. It will be unveiled at the Freud Museum in London on 19 September, ahead of a special conference at University College London. Also read | Chimpanzees hold 'conversations' just like humans, new study finds Freud's understanding of sexuality Mark Solms, as per The Guardian, clarified that Freud's understanding of sexuality was far broader than commonly perceived. "Freud had a very broad understanding of sexuality," Solms explains. "For him, any activity that was pleasure-seeking in its own right—anything that one does for the purposes of pleasure alone, as opposed to practical purposes—was 'sexual'." Thus, simple pleasures like a baby sucking a dummy, a child kicking a football, or swinging on a swing, were described by Freud as "sexual," purely because they provided enjoyment. This broad definition led to significant misunderstandings of Freud's theories, and "Late in his life, Freud acknowledged as much," he added. The new edition by Solms rectifies several translation errors from James Strachey’s standard English translation of the 1950s and 60s. Solms, fluent in German and raised in Namibia where an older form of the language is still spoken, has corrected these mistakes and contextualised the word "sexual." "I've been correcting some errors: Strachey was elderly, and his sight was poor," said Solms. He has also updated some outdated technical terms and included essays, lectures, and other writings not present in Strachey's version. Also read | Breathing polluted air as kid? Your lungs might be paying the price years later: Study The birth of surrealism Freud's theories on sexual urges, the meaning of dreams, and the quest for emotional freedom, which inspired the surrealist art movement a century ago, were also misinterpreted. Surrealists like Salvador Dalí, René Magritte, and Giorgio de Chirico were influenced by Freud's work, although they misunderstood him as a radical. In reality, "None of them understood that Freud was a rather conservative gentleman and shared none of their revolutionary social inclinations," said Solms. (With inputs from agencies)

'Let's talk about sex baby': Freud wasn't just about the phallus, reveals new analysis of his work

A 19th-century shipwreck was uncovered in good condition loaded with champagne bottles in the deep Baltic Sea. The discovery was made by a team of Polish divers off the south coast of Sweden.

The ancient sailing ship was, "loaded to the sides with champagne, wine, mineral water and porcelain," according to the statement by the Baltictech team, who made the discovery.

“I have been diving for 40 years, and it often happens that there is one bottle or two… but to discover a wreck with so much cargo, it’s a first for me,” Tomasz Stachura, the leader of the diving team that discovered the wreck told CNN.

Also Read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/trending/australias-biggest-maritime-mystery-solved-as-mv-noongahs-shipwreck-found-after-55-years-744180">Australia's biggest maritime mystery solved as MV Noongah's shipwreck found after 55 years</a>

When the divers first discovered the wreck on the sonar, they thought it to be a fishing boat. But when two of their divers were gone for almost two hours for what was supposed to be a quick dive, they knew they had found something interesting.

The team encountered over 100 bottles of champagne and clay bottles of mineral water. While the champagne seemed more valuable, it was the mineral water that was more precious according to Baltictech.

"Its value was so precious that transports were escorted by the police," the statement by Baltictech said.

In older days, mineral water only reached the royals and was almost treated like medicine. The water bottles had the seal of Selters, a highly regarded German brand in those days which still exists today. The water comes from a mineral spring in the town of Selters, in Hesse, a central German state and has been bottled for more than 800 years.

Also Read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/trending/labourer-finds-diamond-worth-95000-in-indias-panna-city-i-knew-i-had-found-a-diamond-744217">Labourer finds diamond worth $95,000 in India's Panna city: 'I knew I had found a diamond'</a>

"Thanks to the shape of the stamp and with historians' help, we know that our shipment was produced between 1850-1867. Interestingly, the pottery factory into which the water was bottled also exists, and we are in contact with them to find out more details," said&nbsp;Stachura.

The divers have informed the Swedish authorities about their finds, located about 20 nautical miles south of Öland, a Swedish island. However, Stachura said that the extraction of the bottles could take some time due to administrative restrictions.

“It had been lying there for 170 years, so let it lie there for one more year, and we will have time to better prepare for the operation,” he said.

Stachura told the BBC that the shipment could have been transported to Tsar Nicholas I, the Russian emperor, who is reported to have lost a ship in the same area during that time.

(With inputs from agencies)

A 19th-century shipwreck was uncovered in good condition loaded with champagne bottles in the deep Baltic Sea. The discovery was made by a team of Polish divers off the south coast of Sweden.

A 19th-century shipwreck was uncovered in good condition loaded with champagne bottles in the deep Baltic Sea. The discovery was made by a team of Polish divers off the south coast of Sweden. The ancient sailing ship was, "loaded to the sides with champagne, wine, mineral water and porcelain," according to the statement by the Baltictech team, who made the discovery. “I have been diving for 40 years, and it often happens that there is one bottle or two… but to discover a wreck with so much cargo, it’s a first for me,” Tomasz Stachura, the leader of the diving team that discovered the wreck told CNN. Also Read | Australia's biggest maritime mystery solved as MV Noongah's shipwreck found after 55 years When the divers first discovered the wreck on the sonar, they thought it to be a fishing boat. But when two of their divers were gone for almost two hours for what was supposed to be a quick dive, they knew they had found something interesting. The team encountered over 100 bottles of champagne and clay bottles of mineral water. While the champagne seemed more valuable, it was the mineral water that was more precious according to Baltictech. "Its value was so precious that transports were escorted by the police," the statement by Baltictech said. In older days, mineral water only reached the royals and was almost treated like medicine. The water bottles had the seal of Selters, a highly regarded German brand in those days which still exists today. The water comes from a mineral spring in the town of Selters, in Hesse, a central German state and has been bottled for more than 800 years. Also Read | Labourer finds diamond worth $95,000 in India's Panna city: 'I knew I had found a diamond' "Thanks to the shape of the stamp and with historians' help, we know that our shipment was produced between 1850-1867. Interestingly, the pottery factory into which the water was bottled also exists, and we are in contact with them to find out more details," said Stachura. The divers have informed the Swedish authorities about their finds, located about 20 nautical miles south of Öland, a Swedish island. However, Stachura said that the extraction of the bottles could take some time due to administrative restrictions. “It had been lying there for 170 years, so let it lie there for one more year, and we will have time to better prepare for the operation,” he said. Stachura told the BBC that the shipment could have been transported to Tsar Nicholas I, the Russian emperor, who is reported to have lost a ship in the same area during that time. (With inputs from agencies)

19th-century shipwreck discovered loaded with over 100 champagne bottles and valuable mineral water

A new study has claimed that chimpanzees hold&nbsp;conversations with each other, akin to humans but using gestures instead of rapid-fire speech. The research sheds light on behaviour patterns humans and primates share due to evolution.&nbsp;

The team of researchers examined video evidence of 252 wild East African chimpanzees interacting with one another and peered through more than 8,500 instances of gestures made by&nbsp;them.

After going through the data, the researchers saw not only similar patterns of human communication within the chimps but also differences in communication between their cultures.&nbsp;

"We found that the timing of chimpanzee gesture and human conversational turn-taking is similar and very fast, which suggests that similar evolutionary mechanisms are driving these social, communicative interactions," said lead author Gal Badihi from the&nbsp;University of St Andrews in the United Kingdom.

The study published in Current Biology noted that 14 per cent of all interactions involved the exchange of gestures between the chimps. The majority of the gestural interactions (83 per cent)&nbsp;involved a two-part exchange of gesture for gesture.&nbsp;

<a href="https://www.wionews.com/videos/international-day-of-polar-bears-majestic-animals-at-risk-of-disappearing-694326">Watch | International day of Polar Bears | Majestic animals at risk of disappearing</a>

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<h2>Humans and chimps</h2>

Notably, the researchers have already identified 58 different versions of the 'let's play' gestures chimpanzees use in the wild.

Akin to humans, the response timing in chimps was similar but depending on cultures, some articulated their gestures fast, while others didn't.&nbsp;&nbsp;

“We did see a little variation among different chimp communities, which again matches what we see in people where there are slight cultural variations in conversation pace: some cultures have slower or faster talkers," Badihi added.&nbsp;

The study effectively suggests&nbsp;that the way humans communicate may have originated millions of years ago in our evolutionary history before we parted ways with chimps - our closest living relatives.&nbsp;

<h2>Previous studies</h2>

A previous study claimed that chimpanzees show each other objects just for the sake of it to garner attention - a trait similarly seen in humans.&nbsp;

The study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences&nbsp;cited the example of an adult chimpanzee named 'Fiona'&nbsp;who could be seen picking a leaf, examining it and later shoving it under her mother Sutherland's nose momentarily, before snatching it back.&nbsp;

<a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/chimpanzees-show-objects-to-others-just-like-humans-to-simply-grab-attention-study-534256">Also read |&nbsp;Chimpanzees show objects to others, just like humans to simply grab attention: Study</a>

The behaviour, previously thought to be unique to humans, has intrigued scientists who believe that chimpanzees might be much closer to humans than we had earlier thought.

(With inputs from agencies)

A new study has claimed that chimpanzees hold conversations with each other, akin to humans but using gestures instead of rapid-fire speech. The research sheds light on behaviour patterns humans and primates share due to evolution.

A new study has claimed that chimpanzees hold conversations with each other, akin to humans but using gestures instead of rapid-fire speech. The research sheds light on behaviour patterns humans and primates share due to evolution. The team of researchers examined video evidence of 252 wild East African chimpanzees interacting with one another and peered through more than 8,500 instances of gestures made by them. After going through the data, the researchers saw not only similar patterns of human communication within the chimps but also differences in communication between their cultures. "We found that the timing of chimpanzee gesture and human conversational turn-taking is similar and very fast, which suggests that similar evolutionary mechanisms are driving these social, communicative interactions," said lead author Gal Badihi from the University of St Andrews in the United Kingdom. The study published in Current Biology noted that 14 per cent of all interactions involved the exchange of gestures between the chimps. The majority of the gestural interactions (83 per cent) involved a two-part exchange of gesture for gesture. Watch | International day of Polar Bears | Majestic animals at risk of disappearing × Humans and chimps Notably, the researchers have already identified 58 different versions of the 'let's play' gestures chimpanzees use in the wild. Akin to humans, the response timing in chimps was similar but depending on cultures, some articulated their gestures fast, while others didn't. “We did see a little variation among different chimp communities, which again matches what we see in people where there are slight cultural variations in conversation pace: some cultures have slower or faster talkers," Badihi added. The study effectively suggests that the way humans communicate may have originated millions of years ago in our evolutionary history before we parted ways with chimps - our closest living relatives. Previous studies A previous study claimed that chimpanzees show each other objects just for the sake of it to garner attention - a trait similarly seen in humans. The study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences cited the example of an adult chimpanzee named 'Fiona' who could be seen picking a leaf, examining it and later shoving it under her mother Sutherland's nose momentarily, before snatching it back. Also read | Chimpanzees show objects to others, just like humans to simply grab attention: Study The behaviour, previously thought to be unique to humans, has intrigued scientists who believe that chimpanzees might be much closer to humans than we had earlier thought. (With inputs from agencies)

Chimpanzees hold 'conversations' just like humans, new study finds

In a mesmerising video shot by NASA&nbsp;astronaut Matthew Dominick from the International Space Station, a fleeting meteor, stars and auroras were seen sparkling in space.

Commander of the&nbsp;SpaceX Crew-8&nbsp;mission Dominick posted a new timelapse of pictures clicked of Earth just before sunrise.&nbsp;

In the beautiful nighttime video, auroras were seen winding through the atmosphere of Earth, along with passing satellites, glittering stars and a meteor streak.&nbsp;

The astronaut recorded the timelapse video from inside the&nbsp;Cupola module&nbsp;of the orbiting lab and the robotic Canadarm2 was visible in the foreground of the video.&nbsp;

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Satellites, stars, and, a meteor . . . Night timelapse just prior to sunrise. If you watch carefully, part way through you can see a meteor streak towards earth. 
 
I do not have the settings readily available, but they are likely: 50mm, f1.2, ISO 6400, 1/4s, with a 1/2s interval. <a href="https://t.co/bAsFsu2Q4m">pic.twitter.com/bAsFsu2Q4m</a>
— Matthew Dominick (@dominickmatthew) <a href="https://twitter.com/dominickmatthew/status/1815072899629219979?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">July 21, 2024</a></blockquote>
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The new time-lapse video was captured by Dominick in a&nbsp;post on X on July 21.&nbsp;

"If you watch carefully, part way through you can see a meteor streak towards Earth," wrote Dominick, in the post.

Also Read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/mesmerising-auroras-can-threaten-planet-earth-harm-critical-infrastructure-scientists-739621">Mesmerising auroras can threaten planet Earth, harm critical infrastructure: Scientists</a>

The most breathtaking capture of the timelapse video was the green and purple auroras which had lit up the night sky.&nbsp;

<h2>A year of auroras</h2>

Auroras, which are commonly called as northern lights or southern lights, are created by the collision of the Sun's charged particles, which is called the solar wind, with the atoms of oxygen and nitrogen which are present in the atmosphere of the Earth that create the glowing light.

There have been intense auroras sighted this year because of solar maximum which happens when the sun reaches peak solar activity in its 11-year cycle.&nbsp;

Watch:&nbsp;US to upgrade sensors, communications &amp; space technologies in Arctic

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Because of this, many solar particles have been bombarding the Earth which have produced many auroras in the night sky.

The space station was launched by Dominick on March 3, 2024, and he has been working as a flight engineer aboard the orbiting lab for the six-month mission.&nbsp;

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A quick behind the scenes look at how we setup portraits of ourselves peering out of a Dragon window into the stars from Starliner's cockpit window. <a href="https://t.co/3Kek11PTFv">pic.twitter.com/3Kek11PTFv</a>
— Matthew Dominick (@dominickmatthew) <a href="https://twitter.com/dominickmatthew/status/1815895571615416426?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">July 23, 2024</a></blockquote>
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Along with his assigned tasks, which include maintaining the space station and carrying out science experiments, Dominick has been taking pictures from the vantage point of space.&nbsp;

He had shared another post in which he explained how a unique shot was taken by him and his crewmates from the&nbsp;Dragon&nbsp;capsule, named Endeavour, in which Crew-8 astronauts to the space station were on board.&nbsp;

The picture shared by Dominick on X&nbsp;was shot in a way that the moonlight was illuminating the Dragon, as stars and part of the Milky Way were captured in the background.&nbsp;

(With inputs from agencies)

In a mesmerising video shot by NASA astronaut Matthew Dominick from the International Space Station, a fleeting meteor, stars and auroras were seen sparkling in space.

In a mesmerising video shot by NASA astronaut Matthew Dominick from the International Space Station, a fleeting meteor, stars and auroras were seen sparkling in space. Commander of the SpaceX Crew-8 mission Dominick posted a new timelapse of pictures clicked of Earth just before sunrise. In the beautiful nighttime video, auroras were seen winding through the atmosphere of Earth, along with passing satellites, glittering stars and a meteor streak. The astronaut recorded the timelapse video from inside the Cupola module of the orbiting lab and the robotic Canadarm2 was visible in the foreground of the video. Satellites, stars, and, a meteor . . . Night timelapse just prior to sunrise. If you watch carefully, part way through you can see a meteor streak towards earth. I do not have the settings readily available, but they are likely: 50mm, f1.2, ISO 6400, 1/4s, with a 1/2s interval. pic.twitter.com/bAsFsu2Q4m — Matthew Dominick (@dominickmatthew) July 21, 2024 × The new time-lapse video was captured by Dominick in a post on X on July 21. "If you watch carefully, part way through you can see a meteor streak towards Earth," wrote Dominick, in the post. Also Read: Mesmerising auroras can threaten planet Earth, harm critical infrastructure: Scientists The most breathtaking capture of the timelapse video was the green and purple auroras which had lit up the night sky. A year of auroras Auroras, which are commonly called as northern lights or southern lights, are created by the collision of the Sun's charged particles, which is called the solar wind, with the atoms of oxygen and nitrogen which are present in the atmosphere of the Earth that create the glowing light. There have been intense auroras sighted this year because of solar maximum which happens when the sun reaches peak solar activity in its 11-year cycle. Watch: US to upgrade sensors, communications & space technologies in Arctic Because of this, many solar particles have been bombarding the Earth which have produced many auroras in the night sky. The space station was launched by Dominick on March 3, 2024, and he has been working as a flight engineer aboard the orbiting lab for the six-month mission. A quick behind the scenes look at how we setup portraits of ourselves peering out of a Dragon window into the stars from Starliner's cockpit window. pic.twitter.com/3Kek11PTFv — Matthew Dominick (@dominickmatthew) July 23, 2024 × Along with his assigned tasks, which include maintaining the space station and carrying out science experiments, Dominick has been taking pictures from the vantage point of space. He had shared another post in which he explained how a unique shot was taken by him and his crewmates from the Dragon capsule, named Endeavour, in which Crew-8 astronauts to the space station were on board. The picture shared by Dominick on X was shot in a way that the moonlight was illuminating the Dragon, as stars and part of the Milky Way were captured in the background. (With inputs from agencies)

Fleeting meteors, auroras feature in a mesmerising timelapse video shot by ISS astronaut

A new study has come up with a breakthrough result in the world of AIDS which suggests that two jabs of an injection can prevent the disease.&nbsp;

According to the results, which were published on Wednesday (July 24), the shots which are given twice every year to treat AIDS are also 100 percent effective in preventing any new infections in women.

The researchers found no infections in the young girls and women who were jabbed as part of the study. Nearly 5,000 women were administered the injection&nbsp;in South Africa and Uganda.&nbsp;

In one group which was given prevention pills daily, around 2 per cent used to catch HIV from infected sex partners.

Also Read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/trending/drinking-in-moderation-for-good-health-might-be-a-myth-new-study-reveals-744222">Drinking in moderation for good health might be a myth, new study reveals</a>

Director of an AIDS research centre in Durban, South Africa Salim Abdool Karim said, “To see this level of protection is stunning."

US drugmaker Gilead made the injections which were sold as Sunlenca after approval in the United States, Canada, Europe and other countries. However, it was sold only as a treatment for HIV.&nbsp;

The company said that they had been waiting for the results of tests being carried out on men before getting permission to use this jab as a protection against infection.

The results found in women were published in the New England Journal of Medicine and later spoken about at the AIDS conference in Munich on Wednesday (July 24).

Due to the encouraging results, the study was halted early and all the participants were given the shots called lenacapavir.

<h2>Will this jab be affordable for common people?</h2>

There are other ways in which HIV infection can be prevented like daily pills and condoms, however, their consistent use has been an issue in Africa.&nbsp;

Thandeka Nkosi, who assisted Gilead research at the Desmond Tutu Health Foundation in Masiphumelele, South Africa, said that the possibility of a twice-a-year shot is “quite revolutionary news”.&nbsp;

“It gives participants a choice and it just eliminates the whole stigma around taking pills” to prevent HIV, he said.

Watch:&nbsp;New miracle drug boosts lifespan, fights aging effects on mice: New study

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The experts are excited about this revolutionary shot but are concerned that Gilead has not yet agreed to provide them at an affordable price, especially to those who need them the most.

The company said it would carry out a “voluntary licensing program" in which some of the generic producers will be allowed to make them.

Geneva-based U.N. AIDS agency executive director Winnie Byanyima said, “Gilead has a tool that could change the trajectory of the HIV epidemic."&nbsp;

(With inputs from agencies)

A new study has come up with a breakthrough result in the world of AIDS which suggests that two jabs of an injection can prevent the disease. According to the results, which were published on Wednesday (July 24), the shots which are given twice every year to treat AIDS are also 100 percent effective in preventing any new infections in women.

A new study has come up with a breakthrough result in the world of AIDS which suggests that two jabs of an injection can prevent the disease. According to the results, which were published on Wednesday (July 24), the shots which are given twice every year to treat AIDS are also 100 percent effective in preventing any new infections in women. The researchers found no infections in the young girls and women who were jabbed as part of the study. Nearly 5,000 women were administered the injection in South Africa and Uganda. In one group which was given prevention pills daily, around 2 per cent used to catch HIV from infected sex partners. Also Read: Drinking in moderation for good health might be a myth, new study reveals Director of an AIDS research centre in Durban, South Africa Salim Abdool Karim said, “To see this level of protection is stunning." US drugmaker Gilead made the injections which were sold as Sunlenca after approval in the United States, Canada, Europe and other countries. However, it was sold only as a treatment for HIV. The company said that they had been waiting for the results of tests being carried out on men before getting permission to use this jab as a protection against infection. The results found in women were published in the New England Journal of Medicine and later spoken about at the AIDS conference in Munich on Wednesday (July 24). Due to the encouraging results, the study was halted early and all the participants were given the shots called lenacapavir. Will this jab be affordable for common people? There are other ways in which HIV infection can be prevented like daily pills and condoms, however, their consistent use has been an issue in Africa. Thandeka Nkosi, who assisted Gilead research at the Desmond Tutu Health Foundation in Masiphumelele, South Africa, said that the possibility of a twice-a-year shot is “quite revolutionary news”. “It gives participants a choice and it just eliminates the whole stigma around taking pills” to prevent HIV, he said. Watch: New miracle drug boosts lifespan, fights aging effects on mice: New study The experts are excited about this revolutionary shot but are concerned that Gilead has not yet agreed to provide them at an affordable price, especially to those who need them the most. The company said it would carry out a “voluntary licensing program" in which some of the generic producers will be allowed to make them. Geneva-based U.N. AIDS agency executive director Winnie Byanyima said, “Gilead has a tool that could change the trajectory of the HIV epidemic." (With inputs from agencies)

Two shots of THIS injection every year gives 100 percent prevention from HIV: study

A new study has found that polluted air breathed in during the early years of childhood could contribute to deteriorating lung health in adulthood. The research, dated back to 1992, examines the impact of air pollution on children in California, United States some of whom are now in their 40s.

A new study has found that polluted air breathed in during the early years of childhood could contribute to deteriorating lung health in adulthood. The research, dated back to 1992, examines the impact of air pollution on children in California, United States some of whom are now in their 40s. Lead researcher Dr Erika Garcia and her team at the University of Southern California analysed data from over 1,300 individuals, considering factors such as income, lifestyle (including smoking), housing, and health. They compared this data to their childhood health records and the levels of local air pollution they were exposed to while growing up. Watch | Gravitas: Does body composition affect risk for dementia? × The initial finding indicated that people with higher childhood exposure to particulate pollution and nitrogen dioxide were more likely to experience bronchitic symptoms as adults. This connection was particularly strong for those who had asthma and lung issues during childhood. The study also found an unexpected link between exposure to air pollution during childhood and adult bronchitic symptoms even for those who did not have lung problems as children. This means that there's a high possibility of damage from exposure to air pollution in childhood manifesting in adulthood. “This was surprising. We thought air pollutant effects on childhood asthma or bronchitic symptoms would be a major pathway by which childhood air pollution exposure affects adult respiratory health,” the lead author of the study, Garcia told The Guardian. Also read: Woman to kill unborn child in womb after report detects 'criminal' XYY genes in boy According to Gracia, the study also needed to differentiate between the long-term effects of childhood exposure and the consequences of breathing polluted air as adults. To achieve this, the researchers examined each individual's recent exposure to air pollution and incorporated this data into their analysis. “We wanted to see if childhood exposure was still associated with adult bronchitic symptoms, even after controlling for current exposure, and it was,” Garcia added. “This underscores the importance of lowering air pollution exposure for all, including children who are in a period of increased vulnerability to air pollution effects,” speaking about the significance of her latest research, Garcia said. (With inputs from agencies)

Breathing polluted air as kid? Your lungs might be paying the price years later: Study

The Earth has been warming due to greenhouse gas emissions including&nbsp;carbon dioxide, which is&nbsp;making it difficult for humans&nbsp;to survive in some regions of the planet.&nbsp;

The Earth also&nbsp;marked its&nbsp;hottest day consecutively for two days in July.&nbsp;The&nbsp;video released by NASA's Scientific Visualization Studio shows how&nbsp;wind and air currents are pushing emissions of carbon dioxide around the atmosphere of Earth from January to March 2020.

Greenhouse emissions are being mapped by NASA and what is seen in the video is the ghoulish churning of carbon dioxide in the sky.

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The high-resolution video zooms in and looks into the individual sources of carbon dioxide, which include power plants and forest fires.

Also Read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/in-a-first-nasa-streams-4k-video-footage-from-aircraft-to-iss-and-back-744193">In a first, NASA streams 4K video footage from aircraft to ISS and back</a>

Climate scientist at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland Lesley Ott said, "As policymakers and as scientists, we're trying to account for where carbon comes from and how that impacts the planet. You see here how everything is interconnected by these different weather patterns."

<h2>So who's the culprit of carbon dioxide&nbsp;emissions?</h2>

In the video, it is seen that it doesn't matter where the carbon dioxide emissions are coming from, however, some interesting global differences were seen.&nbsp;

Most of the carbon is seen getting emitted from the power plants, transportation and industry located in South Asia, China and the United States.&nbsp;

However, in Africa and South America, most of the emissions come from burning, which includes land clearing, agricultural burning and forest fires.&nbsp;

Watch:&nbsp;Indian astronauts to train at NASA from August

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The image was seen&nbsp;pulsing due to&nbsp;many reasons. During the day, the forest fires flare and are seen slowing down at night.&nbsp;

During the day, trees and plants were seen carrying out photosynthesis which released oxygen and absorbed carbon dioxide. The oceans and land masses were seen working as carbon sinks.

The visualisations were created using GEOS (Goddard Earth Observing System), which is an integrated system to model the atmosphere, ocean, and land systems of the Earth.

(With inputs from agencies)

The Earth has been warming due to greenhouse gas emissions including carbon dioxide, which is making it difficult for humans to survive in some regions of the planet.

The Earth has been warming due to greenhouse gas emissions including carbon dioxide, which is making it difficult for humans to survive in some regions of the planet. The Earth also marked its hottest day consecutively for two days in July. The video released by NASA's Scientific Visualization Studio shows how wind and air currents are pushing emissions of carbon dioxide around the atmosphere of Earth from January to March 2020. Greenhouse emissions are being mapped by NASA and what is seen in the video is the ghoulish churning of carbon dioxide in the sky. × The high-resolution video zooms in and looks into the individual sources of carbon dioxide, which include power plants and forest fires. Also Read: In a first, NASA streams 4K video footage from aircraft to ISS and back Climate scientist at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland Lesley Ott said, "As policymakers and as scientists, we're trying to account for where carbon comes from and how that impacts the planet. You see here how everything is interconnected by these different weather patterns." So who's the culprit of carbon dioxide emissions? In the video, it is seen that it doesn't matter where the carbon dioxide emissions are coming from, however, some interesting global differences were seen. Most of the carbon is seen getting emitted from the power plants, transportation and industry located in South Asia, China and the United States. However, in Africa and South America, most of the emissions come from burning, which includes land clearing, agricultural burning and forest fires. Watch: Indian astronauts to train at NASA from August The image was seen pulsing due to many reasons. During the day, the forest fires flare and are seen slowing down at night. During the day, trees and plants were seen carrying out photosynthesis which released oxygen and absorbed carbon dioxide. The oceans and land masses were seen working as carbon sinks. The visualisations were created using GEOS (Goddard Earth Observing System), which is an integrated system to model the atmosphere, ocean, and land systems of the Earth. (With inputs from agencies)

NASA shows how carbon dioxide gets churned in sky in stunning video

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) said that its Perseverance rover found a rock that has some indications it may have hosted microbial life billions of years ago. Scientists are fascinated by the vein-filled rock, however, they said that further research is required.&nbsp;

The team of scientists have nicknamed the arrowhead-shaped rock "Cheyava Falls", which has intriguing characteristics that could help answer the question of whether or not microscopic life once resided on Mars.&nbsp;

The rover used its SHERLOC (Scanning Habitable Environments with Raman &amp; Luminescence for Organics &amp; Chemicals) instrument to do multiple scans of Cheyava Falls.&nbsp;

The scans indicate it contains organic compounds. While such carbon-based molecules are considered the building blocks of life, they also can be formed by non-biological processes.&nbsp;

Also read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/james-webb-reveals-carbon-oxides-on-uranus-moon-ariel-what-does-this-mean-744232">James Webb reveals carbon oxides on Uranus' moon Ariel. What does this mean?</a>&nbsp;

NASA said in its report that analysis of the rock by instruments aboard the rover indicates that it possesses qualities that "fit the definition of a possible indicator of ancient life".&nbsp;

The rock shows structures and chemical traces that may have been created by life billions of years ago.&nbsp;

NASA said that the rock, which is the rover's 22nd rock core sample, was collected on July 21 when the rover was exploring the northern edge of Neretva Vallis, which is an ancient river valley 400 metres&nbsp;wide that was carved by water rushing into Jezero Crater long ago.&nbsp;

Also read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/in-a-first-nasa-streams-4k-video-footage-from-aircraft-to-iss-and-back-744193">In a first, NASA streams 4K video footage from aircraft to ISS and back</a>&nbsp;

As quoted by NASA, Nicola Fox, who is an associate administrator, at the Science Mission Directorate at NASA Headquarters in Washington, "We have designed the route for Perseverance to ensure that it goes to areas with the potential for interesting scientific samples. This trip through the Neretva Vallis riverbed paid off as we found something we've never seen before, which will give our scientists so much to study."&nbsp;

Watch:&nbsp;Gravitas: Mysterious dark oxygen found on ocean floor&nbsp;

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Ken Farley, who is a Perseverance project scientist at Caltech in Pasadena, said as quoted by NASA: "Cheyava Falls is the most puzzling, complex, and potentially important rock yet investigated by Perseverance."&nbsp;

"On the one hand, we have our first compelling detection of organic material, distinctive colorful spots indicative of chemical reactions that microbial life could use as an energy source, and clear evidence that water — necessary for life — once passed through the rock. On the other hand, we have been unable to determine exactly how the rock formed and to what extent nearby rocks may have heated Cheyava Falls and contributed to these features," Farley added.&nbsp;

(With inputs from agencies)&nbsp;

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) said that its Perseverance rover found a rock that has some indications it may have hosted microbial life billions of years ago.

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) said that its Perseverance rover found a rock that has some indications it may have hosted microbial life billions of years ago. Scientists are fascinated by the vein-filled rock, however, they said that further research is required. The team of scientists have nicknamed the arrowhead-shaped rock "Cheyava Falls", which has intriguing characteristics that could help answer the question of whether or not microscopic life once resided on Mars. The rover used its SHERLOC (Scanning Habitable Environments with Raman & Luminescence for Organics & Chemicals) instrument to do multiple scans of Cheyava Falls. The scans indicate it contains organic compounds. While such carbon-based molecules are considered the building blocks of life, they also can be formed by non-biological processes. Also read: James Webb reveals carbon oxides on Uranus' moon Ariel. What does this mean? NASA said in its report that analysis of the rock by instruments aboard the rover indicates that it possesses qualities that "fit the definition of a possible indicator of ancient life". The rock shows structures and chemical traces that may have been created by life billions of years ago. NASA said that the rock, which is the rover's 22nd rock core sample, was collected on July 21 when the rover was exploring the northern edge of Neretva Vallis, which is an ancient river valley 400 metres wide that was carved by water rushing into Jezero Crater long ago. Also read: In a first, NASA streams 4K video footage from aircraft to ISS and back As quoted by NASA, Nicola Fox, who is an associate administrator, at the Science Mission Directorate at NASA Headquarters in Washington, "We have designed the route for Perseverance to ensure that it goes to areas with the potential for interesting scientific samples. This trip through the Neretva Vallis riverbed paid off as we found something we've never seen before, which will give our scientists so much to study." Watch: Gravitas: Mysterious dark oxygen found on ocean floor × Ken Farley, who is a Perseverance project scientist at Caltech in Pasadena, said as quoted by NASA: "Cheyava Falls is the most puzzling, complex, and potentially important rock yet investigated by Perseverance." "On the one hand, we have our first compelling detection of organic material, distinctive colorful spots indicative of chemical reactions that microbial life could use as an energy source, and clear evidence that water — necessary for life — once passed through the rock. On the other hand, we have been unable to determine exactly how the rock formed and to what extent nearby rocks may have heated Cheyava Falls and contributed to these features," Farley added. (With inputs from agencies)

Vein-filled rock on Mars could reveal signs of ancient life on Red Planet

Two NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) astronauts- Butch Wilmore and Sunita Williams- would remain at the International Space Station (ISS) with no official return date yet, NASA said on Thursday (July 25).

Two NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) astronauts- Butch Wilmore and Sunita Williams- would remain at the International Space Station (ISS) with no official return date yet, NASA said on Thursday (July 25). Wilmore and Williams rode to orbit in a Boeing Starliner from Florida's Cape Canaveral Space Force Station on June 5. They were scheduled to stay a week in orbit. However, during the flight, the spacecraft suffered a series of issues that extended the two astronauts' stay aboard the ISS. Five thrusters failed as the capsule approached the space station on June 6, a day after liftoff. Four have since been reactivated. 'We're making great progress but...' Addressing a press conference, NASA official Steve Stich said, "We don't have a major announcement today relative to a return date." Stich, the program manager for NASA's Commercial Crew Program, added, "We're making great progress, but we're just not quite ready to do that." Also read | A 'hot doghouse' problem is plaguing Boeing Starliner and NASA is working to fix it Stich also said that NASA and Boeing will perform a test fire of the spacecraft as early as next week. He added that following this review, an undock time will be set. Last week, engineers completed testing on a spare thruster in the New Mexico desert and will rip it apart to try to understand what went wrong ahead of the Starliner’s docking. 'Spacecraft is still safe' It appears degraded seals are to blame for the helium leaks and thruster problems — entirely separate issues — but more analysis is needed, a report by the news agency Associated Press said. Each of the 28 manoeuvring thrusters can fit in a hand and weighs around a kilogram. The capsule is also outfitted with bigger engines for dropping out of orbit at flight’s end. All these are part of a segment that is discarded before landing, which means nothing to study for future flights. This was Boeing’s first test flight with a crew aboard. NASA has said that the spacecraft is still safe and pointed out it has enough fuel to remain in orbit until mid-August at the latest. (With inputs from agencies)

No official return date yet for Boeing Starliner astronauts as they remain stuck on ISS

Antarctic ice shelves harbour 57 per cent of all meltwater in the form of slush during summers, research has found. Slush is water-soaked snow and, along with pooled meltwater, results in 2.8 times more meltwater formation than standard climate models have predicted, as per the study. This happens because it absorbs more heat than ice or snow.

The research team, led by the University of Cambridge, used artificial intelligence to understand how slush impacted the frozen expanse. As per the report, this "could have profound implications for ice shelf stability and sea level rise." Slush isn't taken into properly by regional climate models, the study authors say, triggering a need for change.&nbsp;

A warming climate leads to the formation of meltwater on&nbsp;ice shelves. As per previous research, surface meltwater lakes can make the ice shelves unstable and even cause them to collapse because the weight of the water can bend or break the ice. When this happens, the sea level is directly impacted and can rise.&nbsp;

"We can use satellite imagery to map meltwater lakes across much of Antarctica, but it's hard to map slush because it looks like other things, such as shadows from clouds when viewed from a satellite," as per lead author Dr Rebecca Dell.

Also Read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/massive-880ft-asteroid-to-come-dangerously-close-to-earth-this-week-743935">Massive 880ft asteroid to come dangerously close to Earth this week</a>

<h2>The study</h2>

Cambridge researchers worked with researchers from the University of Colorado Boulder and the Delft University of Technology to understand the impact of slush. They used historical data from NASA's Landsat 8 satellite and trained a machine-learning model to gather monthly records of slush and meltwater lakes from 57 Antarctic ice shelves between 2013 and 2021.

They made the alarming discovery that pools and lakes only made up 43 per cent of the meltwater on ice shelves, while the remaining 57 per cent was contained in slushy areas. This can speed up the melt rate considerably.&nbsp;

Dell added, "This slush has never been mapped on a large scale across all of Antarctica's large ice shelves, so over half of all surface meltwater has been ignored until now.

The study adds that slush has the capacity to absorb more heat since it is not as white as snow or ice, causing more snowmelt. Current climate models do not take slush into account, which has likely led to ice sheet melting and ice shelf stability projections to have been underestimated.&nbsp;

Amid climate change, rising sea levels pose a greater risk to coastal regions. The study was published in the journal Nature Geoscience.

Antarctic ice shelves harbour 57 per cent of all meltwater in the form of slush during summers, research has found. Slush is water-soaked snow and, along with pooled meltwater, results in 2.

Antarctic ice shelves harbour 57 per cent of all meltwater in the form of slush during summers, research has found. Slush is water-soaked snow and, along with pooled meltwater, results in 2.8 times more meltwater formation than standard climate models have predicted, as per the study. This happens because it absorbs more heat than ice or snow. The research team, led by the University of Cambridge, used artificial intelligence to understand how slush impacted the frozen expanse. As per the report, this "could have profound implications for ice shelf stability and sea level rise." Slush isn't taken into properly by regional climate models, the study authors say, triggering a need for change. A warming climate leads to the formation of meltwater on ice shelves. As per previous research, surface meltwater lakes can make the ice shelves unstable and even cause them to collapse because the weight of the water can bend or break the ice. When this happens, the sea level is directly impacted and can rise. "We can use satellite imagery to map meltwater lakes across much of Antarctica, but it's hard to map slush because it looks like other things, such as shadows from clouds when viewed from a satellite," as per lead author Dr Rebecca Dell. Also Read: Massive 880ft asteroid to come dangerously close to Earth this week The study Cambridge researchers worked with researchers from the University of Colorado Boulder and the Delft University of Technology to understand the impact of slush. They used historical data from NASA's Landsat 8 satellite and trained a machine-learning model to gather monthly records of slush and meltwater lakes from 57 Antarctic ice shelves between 2013 and 2021. They made the alarming discovery that pools and lakes only made up 43 per cent of the meltwater on ice shelves, while the remaining 57 per cent was contained in slushy areas. This can speed up the melt rate considerably. Dell added, "This slush has never been mapped on a large scale across all of Antarctica's large ice shelves, so over half of all surface meltwater has been ignored until now. The study adds that slush has the capacity to absorb more heat since it is not as white as snow or ice, causing more snowmelt. Current climate models do not take slush into account, which has likely led to ice sheet melting and ice shelf stability projections to have been underestimated. Amid climate change, rising sea levels pose a greater risk to coastal regions. The study was published in the journal Nature Geoscience.

Worrying phenomenon in Antarctica's ice shelves can add to climate woes

Dinosaur T. Rex, who is also called the King of the Dinosaurs, was one terrifying creature that was roaming on the Earth with 60 razor-sharp teeth and 15 tonnes of weight, the researchers said in a new study.

The jaws of the dinosaur were so powerful that it could easily crush a car, according to the researchers who explained how terrifying the animal was.

The study has further found that dinosaur T Rex was 70 per cent heavier than earlier believed and weighed up to 15 tonnes.

Computer modelling was used by the researchers to understand what was the size of the dinosaurs.

Also Read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/this-unknown-dinosaur-species-lived-in-zimbabwe-heres-what-its-fossils-tell-us-about-predators-727224">This unknown dinosaur species lived in Zimbabwe. Here's what its fossils tell us about predators</a>

With the help of the models, the researchers assessed T. Rex and also tried to understand what was their population size, growth rate and lifespan.

<h2>How huge and ferocious was T. Rex?</h2>

According to the computer models, the largest T. Rex was 70 per cent more huge than what their size was believed. This also meant that the dinosaur weighed nearly 15 tonnes and not 8.8 tonnes.

These predators were also 25 per cent longer than earlier though, which meant 15 metres and not 12 metres.

One of the authors of the study Dr Jordan Mallon said, "Our study suggests that, for big fossil animals like T. Rex, we really have no idea from the fossil record about the absolute sizes they might have reached. It's fun to think about a 15-tonne T. Rex, but the implications are also interesting from a biomechanical or ecological perspective."

Watch:&nbsp;Mass extermination of stray dogs bill proposed in Turkiye

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In another study, it was found that T. Rex also had iron-coated teeth which made it easy to rip apart their prey.

Study's lead author from King's College London Dr Aaron LeBlanc said, "Komodo dragons have curved, serrated teeth to rip and tear their prey just like those of meat-eating dinosaurs. We want to use this similarity to learn more about how carnivorous dinosaurs might have ate and if they used iron in their teeth the same way as the Komodo dragon."

"Unfortunately, using the technology we have at the moment, we can't see whether fossilised dinosaur teeth had high levels of iron or not. We think that the chemical changes which take place during the fossilisation process obscure how much iron was present to start with," he added.

(With inputs from agencies)

Dinosaur T. Rex, who is also called the King of the Dinosaurs, was one terrifying creature that was roaming on the Earth with 60 razor-sharp teeth and 15 tonnes of weight, the researchers said in a new study.

Dinosaur T. Rex, who is also called the King of the Dinosaurs, was one terrifying creature that was roaming on the Earth with 60 razor-sharp teeth and 15 tonnes of weight, the researchers said in a new study. The jaws of the dinosaur were so powerful that it could easily crush a car, according to the researchers who explained how terrifying the animal was. The study has further found that dinosaur T Rex was 70 per cent heavier than earlier believed and weighed up to 15 tonnes. Computer modelling was used by the researchers to understand what was the size of the dinosaurs. Also Read: This unknown dinosaur species lived in Zimbabwe. Here's what its fossils tell us about predators With the help of the models, the researchers assessed T. Rex and also tried to understand what was their population size, growth rate and lifespan. How huge and ferocious was T. Rex? According to the computer models, the largest T. Rex was 70 per cent more huge than what their size was believed. This also meant that the dinosaur weighed nearly 15 tonnes and not 8.8 tonnes. These predators were also 25 per cent longer than earlier though, which meant 15 metres and not 12 metres. One of the authors of the study Dr Jordan Mallon said, "Our study suggests that, for big fossil animals like T. Rex, we really have no idea from the fossil record about the absolute sizes they might have reached. It's fun to think about a 15-tonne T. Rex, but the implications are also interesting from a biomechanical or ecological perspective." Watch: Mass extermination of stray dogs bill proposed in Turkiye In another study, it was found that T. Rex also had iron-coated teeth which made it easy to rip apart their prey. Study's lead author from King's College London Dr Aaron LeBlanc said, "Komodo dragons have curved, serrated teeth to rip and tear their prey just like those of meat-eating dinosaurs. We want to use this similarity to learn more about how carnivorous dinosaurs might have ate and if they used iron in their teeth the same way as the Komodo dragon." "Unfortunately, using the technology we have at the moment, we can't see whether fossilised dinosaur teeth had high levels of iron or not. We think that the chemical changes which take place during the fossilisation process obscure how much iron was present to start with," he added. (With inputs from agencies)

THIS dinosaur, who once roamed on Earth, weighed 15 tonnes and could crush any car: study

James Webb Space Telescope, which is the largest and most powerful telescope ever launched into space, spotted a "super Jupiter" around a neighbouring star — and it has a super orbit. The exoplanet is the 12th closest exoplanet to Earth known to date. It is also the closest planet bigger&nbsp;than Jupiter.&nbsp;

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) said that the planet, Epsilon Indi Ab, is one of the coldest exoplanets observed to date.&nbsp;

The planet is roughly the same diameter as Jupiter but with six times the mass. The big difference is that it takes this planet more than a century, possibly as long as 250 years, to go around its star. Its atmosphere is also rich in hydrogen similar to that of Jupiter.&nbsp;

Also read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/two-dwarf-failed-stars-are-getting-slammed-by-hot-sandy-wind-spots-james-webb-743755">Two dwarf ‘failed stars’ are getting slammed by hot, sandy wind, spots James Webb</a>&nbsp;

An international team of astronomers observed Epsilon Indi Ab using the coronagraph on Webb's MIRI (Mid-Infrared Instrument). The feat is extraordinary as the exoplanet has been directly imaged and only a few tens of exoplanets have been directly imaged previously by space- and ground-based observatories.&nbsp;

The exoplanets that have been previously photographed are often the hottest and youngest, still emitting a significant amount of energy from their initial formation. Planets get fainter and more difficult to image as they cool and contract during their lifetime.&nbsp;

The research article, titled "A temperate super-Jupiter imaged with JWST in the mid-infrared" was published in the journal Nature on Wednesday (Jul 24).&nbsp;

Also read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/watch-nasa-captures-suns-dark-plasma-wildly-exploding-hitting-earth-with-solar-storm-743665">WATCH: NASA captures Sun's 'dark' plasma wildly exploding, hitting Earth with solar storm</a>

As quoted by NASA, Elisabeth Matthews, a researcher at the Max Planck Institute for Astronomy in Heidelberg, Germany, said: "This discovery is exciting because the planet is quite similar to Jupiter — it is a little warmer and is more massive, but is more similar to Jupiter than any other planet that has been imaged so far."&nbsp;

Matthews further explained, "Cold planets are very faint, and most of their emission is in the mid-infrared. Webb is ideally suited to conduct mid-infrared imaging, which is extremely hard to do from the ground. We also needed good spatial resolution to separate the planet and the star in our images, and the large Webb mirror is extremely helpful in this aspect."&nbsp;

Caroline Morley of the University of Texas at Austin, who is a team member, said, "Our prior observations of this system have been more indirect measurements of the star, which actually allowed us to see ahead of time that there was likely a giant planet in this system tugging on the star. That's why our team chose this system to observe first with Webb."&nbsp;

(With inputs from agencies)&nbsp;

James Webb Space Telescope, which is the largest and most powerful telescope ever launched into space, spotted a "super Jupiter" around a neighbouring star — and it has a super orbit.

James Webb Space Telescope, which is the largest and most powerful telescope ever launched into space, spotted a "super Jupiter" around a neighbouring star — and it has a super orbit. The exoplanet is the 12th closest exoplanet to Earth known to date. It is also the closest planet bigger than Jupiter. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) said that the planet, Epsilon Indi Ab, is one of the coldest exoplanets observed to date. The planet is roughly the same diameter as Jupiter but with six times the mass. The big difference is that it takes this planet more than a century, possibly as long as 250 years, to go around its star. Its atmosphere is also rich in hydrogen similar to that of Jupiter. Also read: Two dwarf ‘failed stars’ are getting slammed by hot, sandy wind, spots James Webb An international team of astronomers observed Epsilon Indi Ab using the coronagraph on Webb's MIRI (Mid-Infrared Instrument). The feat is extraordinary as the exoplanet has been directly imaged and only a few tens of exoplanets have been directly imaged previously by space- and ground-based observatories. The exoplanets that have been previously photographed are often the hottest and youngest, still emitting a significant amount of energy from their initial formation. Planets get fainter and more difficult to image as they cool and contract during their lifetime. The research article, titled "A temperate super-Jupiter imaged with JWST in the mid-infrared" was published in the journal Nature on Wednesday (Jul 24). Also read: WATCH: NASA captures Sun's 'dark' plasma wildly exploding, hitting Earth with solar storm As quoted by NASA, Elisabeth Matthews, a researcher at the Max Planck Institute for Astronomy in Heidelberg, Germany, said: "This discovery is exciting because the planet is quite similar to Jupiter — it is a little warmer and is more massive, but is more similar to Jupiter than any other planet that has been imaged so far." Matthews further explained, "Cold planets are very faint, and most of their emission is in the mid-infrared. Webb is ideally suited to conduct mid-infrared imaging, which is extremely hard to do from the ground. We also needed good spatial resolution to separate the planet and the star in our images, and the large Webb mirror is extremely helpful in this aspect." Caroline Morley of the University of Texas at Austin, who is a team member, said, "Our prior observations of this system have been more indirect measurements of the star, which actually allowed us to see ahead of time that there was likely a giant planet in this system tugging on the star. That's why our team chose this system to observe first with Webb." (With inputs from agencies)

James Webb spots 'super Jupiter' and it is one of the coldest exoplanets observed to date

James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) found that the surface of Uranus' moon Ariel, which is a candidate ocean world, is coated with a significant amount of carbon dioxide ice. It was discovered on the 'trailing hemisphere'&nbsp;that always faces away from the moon's direction of orbital motion.&nbsp;

The findings of the new study, published on Wednesday (Jul 24) in The Astrophysical Journal Letters, are quite surprising because of the fact that even the far away frigid places in space when carbon dioxide readily turns to gas and is lost to space. The reaches of the Uranian system are 20 times farther from the sun than Earth.&nbsp;

The study mentioned that the "Uranian moon Ariel exhibits a diversity of geologically young landforms, with a surface composition rich in CO2 ice", however, the origin of CO2 and other species remains uncertain.&nbsp;

Also read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/in-a-first-nasa-streams-4k-video-footage-from-aircraft-to-iss-and-back-744193">In a first, NASA streams 4K video footage from aircraft to ISS and back</a>&nbsp;

The study mentioned that thick CO2 ice deposits and the possible presence of carbonates on both hemispheres suggest that some carbon oxides could be sourced from Ariel's interior.&nbsp;

As quoted by phys.org, a research team led by Richard Cartwright from the Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory (APL) in Laurel, Maryland, said: "It just shouldn't be there. You've got to get down to 30 Kelvin [minus 405 degrees Fahrenheit] before carbon monoxide's stable."&nbsp;

According to Cartwright, the moon has some of the most carbon dioxide-rich deposits in the solar system.&nbsp;

Also read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/rock-varnish-from-indias-ladakh-may-help-find-habitable-environments-in-space-744147">Rock varnish from India’s Ladakh may help find habitable environments in space</a>&nbsp;

Another surprising discovery among those sediments was the first detectable signs of carbon monoxide. "The carbon monoxide would have to be actively replenished, no question," Cartwright said.&nbsp;

The recent observations suggest that Ariel's surface might potentially contain carbonate minerals, which are salts that are only formed when liquid water reacts with rocks.&nbsp;

As quoted, Cartwright said: "If our interpretation of that carbonate feature is correct, then that is a pretty big result because it means it had to form in the interior. That's something we absolutely need to confirm, either through future observations, modeling or some combination of techniques."&nbsp;

(With inputs from agencies)&nbsp;

James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) found that the surface of Uranus' moon Ariel, which is a candidate ocean world, is coated with a significant amount of carbon dioxide ice.

James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) found that the surface of Uranus' moon Ariel, which is a candidate ocean world, is coated with a significant amount of carbon dioxide ice. It was discovered on the 'trailing hemisphere' that always faces away from the moon's direction of orbital motion. The findings of the new study, published on Wednesday (Jul 24) in The Astrophysical Journal Letters, are quite surprising because of the fact that even the far away frigid places in space when carbon dioxide readily turns to gas and is lost to space. The reaches of the Uranian system are 20 times farther from the sun than Earth. The study mentioned that the "Uranian moon Ariel exhibits a diversity of geologically young landforms, with a surface composition rich in CO2 ice", however, the origin of CO2 and other species remains uncertain. Also read: In a first, NASA streams 4K video footage from aircraft to ISS and back The study mentioned that thick CO2 ice deposits and the possible presence of carbonates on both hemispheres suggest that some carbon oxides could be sourced from Ariel's interior. As quoted by phys.org, a research team led by Richard Cartwright from the Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory (APL) in Laurel, Maryland, said: "It just shouldn't be there. You've got to get down to 30 Kelvin [minus 405 degrees Fahrenheit] before carbon monoxide's stable." According to Cartwright, the moon has some of the most carbon dioxide-rich deposits in the solar system. Also read: Rock varnish from India’s Ladakh may help find habitable environments in space Another surprising discovery among those sediments was the first detectable signs of carbon monoxide. "The carbon monoxide would have to be actively replenished, no question," Cartwright said. The recent observations suggest that Ariel's surface might potentially contain carbonate minerals, which are salts that are only formed when liquid water reacts with rocks. As quoted, Cartwright said: "If our interpretation of that carbonate feature is correct, then that is a pretty big result because it means it had to form in the interior. That's something we absolutely need to confirm, either through future observations, modeling or some combination of techniques." (With inputs from agencies)

James Webb reveals carbon oxides on Uranus' moon Ariel. What does this mean?

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