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NASA has announced a delay in the launch of SpaceX's Crew-9 mission, which was to carry four astronauts to the International Space Station (ISS). The same vehicle could also serve as a backup for Sunita Williams and Butch Wilmore after they got stuck in space due to issues with Boeing's Starliner spacecraft.

This “allows more time for mission managers to finalize return planning” for the Boeing spacecraft and its crew, said the space agency in a statement. A press conference regarding the change will be hosted on Wednesday at 12:30 pm ET.

This statement by NASA has given rise to rumours surrounding the fate of Boeing's Starliner, which is stuck at ISS for two months along with the two crewmembers.&nbsp;

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/nasa-is-running-on-a-critical-19-day-deadline-to-bring-sunita-williams-from-space-heres-why-747068">NASA is running on critical 19-day deadline to bring Sunita Williams from space. Here's why</a>

In July, NASA suggested that the SpaceX Crew-9 mission could take off as early as August 18, after Williams and Wilmore returned to Earth via Starliner. But now, NASA has confirmed that the SpaceX Crew 9 mission won't takeoff before September 24, keeping them both in space for almost another eight weeks.&nbsp;

The engineers have conducted rigorous tests to pin down the root cause of the trouble that Starliner faced in June during its test flight, Boeing said on July 25. The spacecraft experienced helium leaks and five thrusters suddenly stopped functioning during the flight.&nbsp;

The purpose of conducting tests is to determine whether Starliner could bring its crew back home. But the efforts seem to be halted now.

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/indian-astronauts-group-captain-shukla-nair-chosen-to-train-at-nasa-746660">Indian astronauts Group Captain Shubhanshu Shukla, Prashant Nair chosen to train at NASA</a>

On July 26, NASA stated that a “flight readiness review” for the spacecraft is expected to start in early August. However, the space agency confirmed to CNN that it has not begun yet as the return date of Starliner is uncertain.

NASA’s acting press secretary, Meira Bernstein, has said that the final decision of when Williams and Wilmore return home lies in the hands of administrator, Bill Nelson.

“His top priority, as always, is the safety of the crew,” Bernstein said.

Boeing has maintained their confidence in Starliner bringing home its crew, according to their August 2 statement. NASA has also indicated that tapping SpaceX for the mission is a contingency but not the desired plan.

Williams and Wilmore have been at the space station for 61 days since their docking on June 6.

(With inputs from agencies)

NASA has announced a delay in the launch of SpaceX's Crew-9 mission, which was to carry four astronauts to the International Space Station (ISS). The same vehicle could also serve as a backup for Sunita Williams and Butch Wilmore after they got stuck in space due to issues with Boeing's Starliner spacecraft.

NASA has announced a delay in the launch of SpaceX's Crew-9 mission, which was to carry four astronauts to the International Space Station (ISS). The same vehicle could also serve as a backup for Sunita Williams and Butch Wilmore after they got stuck in space due to issues with Boeing's Starliner spacecraft. This “allows more time for mission managers to finalize return planning” for the Boeing spacecraft and its crew, said the space agency in a statement. A press conference regarding the change will be hosted on Wednesday at 12:30 pm ET. This statement by NASA has given rise to rumours surrounding the fate of Boeing's Starliner, which is stuck at ISS for two months along with the two crewmembers. Also read | NASA is running on critical 19-day deadline to bring Sunita Williams from space. Here's why In July, NASA suggested that the SpaceX Crew-9 mission could take off as early as August 18, after Williams and Wilmore returned to Earth via Starliner. But now, NASA has confirmed that the SpaceX Crew 9 mission won't takeoff before September 24, keeping them both in space for almost another eight weeks. The engineers have conducted rigorous tests to pin down the root cause of the trouble that Starliner faced in June during its test flight, Boeing said on July 25. The spacecraft experienced helium leaks and five thrusters suddenly stopped functioning during the flight. The purpose of conducting tests is to determine whether Starliner could bring its crew back home. But the efforts seem to be halted now. Also read | Indian astronauts Group Captain Shubhanshu Shukla, Prashant Nair chosen to train at NASA On July 26, NASA stated that a “flight readiness review” for the spacecraft is expected to start in early August. However, the space agency confirmed to CNN that it has not begun yet as the return date of Starliner is uncertain. NASA’s acting press secretary, Meira Bernstein, has said that the final decision of when Williams and Wilmore return home lies in the hands of administrator, Bill Nelson. “His top priority, as always, is the safety of the crew,” Bernstein said. Boeing has maintained their confidence in Starliner bringing home its crew, according to their August 2 statement. NASA has also indicated that tapping SpaceX for the mission is a contingency but not the desired plan. Williams and Wilmore have been at the space station for 61 days since their docking on June 6. (With inputs from agencies)

NASA delays SpaceX Crew-9 mission as rumours about Boeing Starliner's safety emerge

Our current Earth-Moon system was formed when a protoplanet named Theia smashed into our planet some 4.5 billion years ago. This is when Earth was just 100 million years old. The collision ejected loads of debris, some of which came back to Earth while the rest created our lunar satellite. Scientists have been studying this phenomenon and its consequences for years. They have even discovered possible remnants of Theia within the Earth’s mantle. The Moon, some scientists believe, was formed only in a matter of few hours.

Now a new study by scientists at the University of Nevada suggests that the aftermath of the collision likely led to the creation of not one but many moons. These results are available on the non-peer-reviewed preprint server arXiv. According to the study, these were a variety of polar moons—also known as circumbinary particles—that lingered around only for a short period of time. As per the scientists, the existence of these “moons” was possible only because of the close proximity of the Moon to Earth. Notably, at &nbsp;238,900 miles on average, the Moon in its first few hours of coming to life sat only five per cent as far from Earth as its present distance.&nbsp;

Also Read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/nasa-to-set-up-lighthouse-on-moon-heres-how-it-will-help-astronauts-and-robots-747742">NASA to set up lighthouse on Moon. Here's how it will help astronauts and robots</a>

“Circumbinary orbits that are polar or highly inclined to the Earth-Moon orbit are subject to two competing effects: nodal precession about the Earth-Moon eccentricity vector and Kozai-Lidov oscillations of eccentricity and inclination driven by the Sun,” the paper reads.&nbsp;

“While we find that there are no stable polar orbits around the Earth-Moon orbit with the current day semi-major axis, polar orbits were stable immediately after the formation of the Moon, at the time when there was a lot of debris around the system.”

WATCH:&nbsp;Moon Drifting Away From Earth Approximately 3.8 Centimetres Per Year - Study

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&nbsp;

<h2>Earth moved away from us</h2>

Nodal precession means that a body’s orbital parameters undergo a slow change around the angular moment vector. Kozai-Lidov oscillations involve a binary system and the perturbations introduced by a distant third body. Taking these factors into consideration, they deduced that the particles orbiting in the polar region were the most stable. This is directly linked to the earliest distance of the Moon from Earth. The Moon later started moving away from us because of the tidal forces.

“If a significant mass of material ended up on polar or librating orbits, then the eccentricity of the Earth-Moon binary could have been increased as a result of its interaction.”

The latest theory can help scientists learn more about the exoplanets outside our solar system.&nbsp;

Our current Earth-Moon system was formed when a protoplanet named Theia smashed into our planet some 4.5 billion years ago. This is when Earth was just 100 million years old.

Our current Earth-Moon system was formed when a protoplanet named Theia smashed into our planet some 4.5 billion years ago. This is when Earth was just 100 million years old. The collision ejected loads of debris, some of which came back to Earth while the rest created our lunar satellite. Scientists have been studying this phenomenon and its consequences for years. They have even discovered possible remnants of Theia within the Earth’s mantle. The Moon, some scientists believe, was formed only in a matter of few hours. Now a new study by scientists at the University of Nevada suggests that the aftermath of the collision likely led to the creation of not one but many moons. These results are available on the non-peer-reviewed preprint server arXiv. According to the study, these were a variety of polar moons—also known as circumbinary particles—that lingered around only for a short period of time. As per the scientists, the existence of these “moons” was possible only because of the close proximity of the Moon to Earth. Notably, at 238,900 miles on average, the Moon in its first few hours of coming to life sat only five per cent as far from Earth as its present distance. Also Read: NASA to set up lighthouse on Moon. Here's how it will help astronauts and robots “Circumbinary orbits that are polar or highly inclined to the Earth-Moon orbit are subject to two competing effects: nodal precession about the Earth-Moon eccentricity vector and Kozai-Lidov oscillations of eccentricity and inclination driven by the Sun,” the paper reads. “While we find that there are no stable polar orbits around the Earth-Moon orbit with the current day semi-major axis, polar orbits were stable immediately after the formation of the Moon, at the time when there was a lot of debris around the system.” WATCH: Moon Drifting Away From Earth Approximately 3.8 Centimetres Per Year - Study × Earth moved away from us Nodal precession means that a body’s orbital parameters undergo a slow change around the angular moment vector. Kozai-Lidov oscillations involve a binary system and the perturbations introduced by a distant third body. Taking these factors into consideration, they deduced that the particles orbiting in the polar region were the most stable. This is directly linked to the earliest distance of the Moon from Earth. The Moon later started moving away from us because of the tidal forces. “If a significant mass of material ended up on polar or librating orbits, then the eccentricity of the Earth-Moon binary could have been increased as a result of its interaction.” The latest theory can help scientists learn more about the exoplanets outside our solar system.

Earth had several tiny hidden moons billions of years ago, study suggests

A 233-million-year-old dinosaur fossil has been discovered in Brazil and is being dubbed as the oldest fossil of the gigantic creatures in the world. Paleontologists say that the carnivorous dinosaur belongs to the Herrerasauridae family and walked on Earth during the Triassic Period. During this time, all continents were one, also known as Pangea. The Triassic spanned 50.5 million years and followed the Permian extinction, also known as The Great Dying. This is when the dinosaurs started to emerge on Earth. However, the end-Triassic marked&nbsp;another extinction event which wiped off 76 per cent of all marine and terrestrial species.

The dinosaur fossil is of a carnivorous species which walked the Earth when there was just one big supercontinent. This was around 233 million years ago, making it the oldest dinosaur to have roamed our planet, as per official records. It was a bi-pedal, eight-foot-long animal and perished in southern Brazil in what is today known as “Rio Grande do Sul".&nbsp;

Scientists are excited by this discovery since it is expected to help them understand the origins of dinosaurs. “It’s among the oldest in the world,” Rodrigo Müller of the Federal University of Santa Maria&nbsp;(UFSM) told Agência Brasil. “It’s already important because of the role it’s likely to play in helping us understand the origin of the dinosaurs. Besides, it’s almost fully preserved. The material will provide a lot of anatomical information.”

Also Read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/an-apocalypse-can-occur-anytime-after-2050-heres-how-it-will-begin-and-end-the-world-747023">An apocalypse can occur anytime after 2050. Here's how it will begin and end the world</a>

As per data, the oldest dinosaurs lived 231 million years ago and the fossils include a collection of different species. However, there are some fossils that date back as far as 240 million years, but these haven't been accepted as officially confirmed records till now.&nbsp;

<h2>Heavy rains threaten dinosaur fossils</h2>

Meanwhile, scientists are slowly losing out on some fossils in the area as this region in Brazil is known for receiving heavy rains. In fact, heavy deluge is what uncovered the fossils in the first place. Müller told the Associated Press that “a leg bone and a pelvis bone in the pelvic region…were already being destroyed due to the rain.” &nbsp;As per reports, three months of rain fell in just two weeks this June, wreaking havoc in the form of floods that killed at least 182 people.&nbsp;

The scientists are now trying to salvage whatever they can of the Herrerasaurid fossil before they are destroyed by the rains.

A 233-million-year-old dinosaur fossil has been discovered in Brazil and is being dubbed as the oldest fossil of the gigantic creatures in the world. Paleontologists say that the carnivorous dinosaur belongs to the Herrerasauridae family and walked on Earth during the Triassic Period.

A 233-million-year-old dinosaur fossil has been discovered in Brazil and is being dubbed as the oldest fossil of the gigantic creatures in the world. Paleontologists say that the carnivorous dinosaur belongs to the Herrerasauridae family and walked on Earth during the Triassic Period. During this time, all continents were one, also known as Pangea. The Triassic spanned 50.5 million years and followed the Permian extinction, also known as The Great Dying. This is when the dinosaurs started to emerge on Earth. However, the end-Triassic marked another extinction event which wiped off 76 per cent of all marine and terrestrial species. The dinosaur fossil is of a carnivorous species which walked the Earth when there was just one big supercontinent. This was around 233 million years ago, making it the oldest dinosaur to have roamed our planet, as per official records. It was a bi-pedal, eight-foot-long animal and perished in southern Brazil in what is today known as “Rio Grande do Sul". Scientists are excited by this discovery since it is expected to help them understand the origins of dinosaurs. “It’s among the oldest in the world,” Rodrigo Müller of the Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM) told Agência Brasil. “It’s already important because of the role it’s likely to play in helping us understand the origin of the dinosaurs. Besides, it’s almost fully preserved. The material will provide a lot of anatomical information.” Also Read: An apocalypse can occur anytime after 2050. Here's how it will begin and end the world As per data, the oldest dinosaurs lived 231 million years ago and the fossils include a collection of different species. However, there are some fossils that date back as far as 240 million years, but these haven't been accepted as officially confirmed records till now. Heavy rains threaten dinosaur fossils Meanwhile, scientists are slowly losing out on some fossils in the area as this region in Brazil is known for receiving heavy rains. In fact, heavy deluge is what uncovered the fossils in the first place. Müller told the Associated Press that “a leg bone and a pelvis bone in the pelvic region…were already being destroyed due to the rain.” As per reports, three months of rain fell in just two weeks this June, wreaking havoc in the form of floods that killed at least 182 people. The scientists are now trying to salvage whatever they can of the Herrerasaurid fossil before they are destroyed by the rains.

This dinosaur walked on Earth when just one big supercontinent existed

A supergiant asteroid 2024 KH3 is moving towards Earth at a scary speed and is set to make a close flyby of Earth on August 10.&nbsp;

As reported by NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Earth is set to face nearly five supergiant asteroids in the days ahead. The asteroids will be of different sizes and will&nbsp;pass by Earth between August 8 and August 13.&nbsp;

Among these, 2024 KH3 is the largest of the asteroids and is around the size of 610 feet which is nearly as big as a tall building.&nbsp;

On August 10, asteroid 2024 KH3 will make a close pass from Earth. Although the asteroid will pass at a close distance from Earth, it has been categorised by NASA as a safe pass with no risk of impacting our planet.

Also Read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/nasa-on-alert-after-410ft-massive-asteroid-suddenly-spotted-hurtling-towards-earth-if-it-hits-747083">NASA on alert after 410ft massive asteroid suddenly spotted hurtling towards Earth. If it hits...</a>

The huge asteroid will reach a minimum distance of nearly 5.6 million&nbsp;km&nbsp;from Earth on August 10.&nbsp;

Meanwhile, an airplane-sized asteroid 2024 ON2 - which is nearly 120 feet in diameter - will make a close flyby of Earth on August 12. It will fly at a distance of nearly 6.8 million&nbsp;km, however, it has not been marked as a threat.

A 110 feet asteroid 2024 PK1 will make its closest approach to Earth on August 10. The asteroid will pass from Earth at a distance of nearly 6.4 million km.&nbsp;

Asteroid 2024 PN1 is nearly 86 feet in diameter and will make its closest approach to Earth on August 8. It will fly at a distance of nearly 2.4 million&nbsp;km.&nbsp;

Among these asteroids, the smallest one is nearly 58 feet in diameter. It is called 2024 PS1 and it will fly by Earth on August 13.

NASA has been monitoring the asteroids which will pass close to the Earth.

<h2>How is NASA tracking asteroids?</h2>

NASA, along with other space agencies, has established a network of telescopes and advanced computing for identifying near-Earth objects (NEOs).&nbsp;

Watch: NASA resupply mission docks at International Space Station

<div class="videoWrapper trancodeVideo"><iframe allowfullscreen="" autoplay="1" class="includeVideo" frameborder="0" height="350" src="https://www.wionews.com/videos/nasa-resupply-mission-docks-at-international-space-station-747886/embed" style="width:100%;max-width:560px;" width="560"></iframe></div>

Even though many of the NEOs don't come very near to Earth, some of them do come at a scary distance and get tagged as potentially hazardous asteroids which need more attention.&nbsp;

Such asteroids are more than 460 feet (140 metres) in size and their orbits bring them within a distance of 7.5 million kilometres from Earth. NASA's Center for Near-Earth Object Studies (CNEOS) has been monitoring all the NEOs and looking for any potential impact risks.

(With inputs from agencies)

A supergiant asteroid 2024 KH3 is moving towards Earth at a scary speed and is set to make a close flyby of Earth on August 10. As reported by NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Earth is set to face nearly five supergiant asteroids in the days ahead.

A supergiant asteroid 2024 KH3 is moving towards Earth at a scary speed and is set to make a close flyby of Earth on August 10. As reported by NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Earth is set to face nearly five supergiant asteroids in the days ahead. The asteroids will be of different sizes and will pass by Earth between August 8 and August 13. Among these, 2024 KH3 is the largest of the asteroids and is around the size of 610 feet which is nearly as big as a tall building. On August 10, asteroid 2024 KH3 will make a close pass from Earth. Although the asteroid will pass at a close distance from Earth, it has been categorised by NASA as a safe pass with no risk of impacting our planet. Also Read: NASA on alert after 410ft massive asteroid suddenly spotted hurtling towards Earth. If it hits... The huge asteroid will reach a minimum distance of nearly 5.6 million km from Earth on August 10. Meanwhile, an airplane-sized asteroid 2024 ON2 - which is nearly 120 feet in diameter - will make a close flyby of Earth on August 12. It will fly at a distance of nearly 6.8 million km, however, it has not been marked as a threat. A 110 feet asteroid 2024 PK1 will make its closest approach to Earth on August 10. The asteroid will pass from Earth at a distance of nearly 6.4 million km. Asteroid 2024 PN1 is nearly 86 feet in diameter and will make its closest approach to Earth on August 8. It will fly at a distance of nearly 2.4 million km. Among these asteroids, the smallest one is nearly 58 feet in diameter. It is called 2024 PS1 and it will fly by Earth on August 13. NASA has been monitoring the asteroids which will pass close to the Earth. How is NASA tracking asteroids? NASA, along with other space agencies, has established a network of telescopes and advanced computing for identifying near-Earth objects (NEOs). Watch: NASA resupply mission docks at International Space Station Even though many of the NEOs don't come very near to Earth, some of them do come at a scary distance and get tagged as potentially hazardous asteroids which need more attention. Such asteroids are more than 460 feet (140 metres) in size and their orbits bring them within a distance of 7.5 million kilometres from Earth. NASA's Center for Near-Earth Object Studies (CNEOS) has been monitoring all the NEOs and looking for any potential impact risks. (With inputs from agencies)

Supergiant 610-ft asteroid will make a close flyby Earth on THIS date. Is it dangerous or...

The scientists stumbled upon the fossils of early human species which were only around 3 and a half&nbsp;feet (1.07 metres) tall and hence were given the nickname “hobbits.”

This discovery was made 20 years ago. However, a new study has now claimed that the ancestors of the hobbits were shorter in height.&nbsp;

“We did not expect that we would find smaller individuals from such an old site,” said the lead author of the study&nbsp;Yousuke Kaifu a professor at the University of Tokyo, while reacting to the find in an email to the Associated Press.&nbsp;

The original fossils of the hobbit date back to between 60,000 and 100,000 years ago. The scientists excavated the new fossils at the site known as Mata Menge, which is at a distance of 45 miles from the cave where the first remains of the hobbit were discovered.

The researchers suspected that the early humans may have been shorter in comparison to the hobbits in 2019 after they discovered a jawbone and teeth from the new site.&nbsp;

Also Read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/this-larva-fossil-from-520-million-years-ago-is-so-well-preserved-scientists-could-see-its-brain-746526">This larva fossil from 520 million years ago is so well-preserved, scientists could see its brain</a>

After further analysis, it was discovered that the teeth and tiny arm bone fragment suggested that the ancestors of humans were only 2.4 inches (6 centimetres) shorter and existed 700,000 years ago.

“They’ve convincingly shown that these were very small individuals," Dean Falk, an evolutionary anthropologist at Florida State University, who was not involved with the research, told AP.

<h2>Homo floresiensis:&nbsp;Small humans who inhabited the Indonesian island</h2>

The 700,000-year-old fossilised remains were said to belong to Homo floresiensis, which was an extinct species of very small humans that once lived in Flores, an island in the south of Indonesia, as per a study published in the journal&nbsp;Nature Communications on Tuesday (August 6).

"Acquiring a large body and large&nbsp;brain&nbsp;and becoming clever is not necessarily our destiny," said lead author&nbsp;Kaifu, while speaking to Live Science.&nbsp;

"Depending on the natural environment, there were diverse ways of&nbsp;evolution&nbsp;not only for animals in general but also for humans," he added.

Watch:&nbsp;Korean Air to stop serving hot cup noodles

<div class="videoWrapper trancodeVideo"><iframe allowfullscreen="" autoplay="1" class="includeVideo" frameborder="0" height="350" src="https://www.wionews.com/videos/korean-air-to-stop-serving-hot-cup-noodles-trending-on-wion-746350/embed" style="width:100%;max-width:560px;" width="560"></iframe></div>

"The Mata Menge fossils we report here showed that the extremely small body size of&nbsp;Homo floresiensis&nbsp;evolved within the first 300,000 years of their history on the island … and then after that, the small body size was maintained for more than 600,000 years. Why this happened is another difficult question," he said.

"We tend to think that humans are special among animals. But the evidence from Flores indicates that we humans are, like other animals, also under control of natural selection and could evolve toward unexpected directions," Kaifu added.&nbsp;

(With inputs from agencies)

The scientists stumbled upon the fossils of early human species which were only around 3 and a half feet (1.07 metres) tall and hence were given the nickname “hobbits.

The scientists stumbled upon the fossils of early human species which were only around 3 and a half feet (1.07 metres) tall and hence were given the nickname “hobbits.” This discovery was made 20 years ago. However, a new study has now claimed that the ancestors of the hobbits were shorter in height. “We did not expect that we would find smaller individuals from such an old site,” said the lead author of the study Yousuke Kaifu a professor at the University of Tokyo, while reacting to the find in an email to the Associated Press. The original fossils of the hobbit date back to between 60,000 and 100,000 years ago. The scientists excavated the new fossils at the site known as Mata Menge, which is at a distance of 45 miles from the cave where the first remains of the hobbit were discovered. The researchers suspected that the early humans may have been shorter in comparison to the hobbits in 2019 after they discovered a jawbone and teeth from the new site. Also Read: This larva fossil from 520 million years ago is so well-preserved, scientists could see its brain After further analysis, it was discovered that the teeth and tiny arm bone fragment suggested that the ancestors of humans were only 2.4 inches (6 centimetres) shorter and existed 700,000 years ago. “They’ve convincingly shown that these were very small individuals," Dean Falk, an evolutionary anthropologist at Florida State University, who was not involved with the research, told AP. Homo floresiensis: Small humans who inhabited the Indonesian island The 700,000-year-old fossilised remains were said to belong to Homo floresiensis, which was an extinct species of very small humans that once lived in Flores, an island in the south of Indonesia, as per a study published in the journal Nature Communications on Tuesday (August 6). "Acquiring a large body and large brain and becoming clever is not necessarily our destiny," said lead author Kaifu, while speaking to Live Science. "Depending on the natural environment, there were diverse ways of evolution not only for animals in general but also for humans," he added. Watch: Korean Air to stop serving hot cup noodles "The Mata Menge fossils we report here showed that the extremely small body size of Homo floresiensis evolved within the first 300,000 years of their history on the island … and then after that, the small body size was maintained for more than 600,000 years. Why this happened is another difficult question," he said. "We tend to think that humans are special among animals. But the evidence from Flores indicates that we humans are, like other animals, also under control of natural selection and could evolve toward unexpected directions," Kaifu added. (With inputs from agencies)

Indonesia was home to 'smaller than believed' hobbits 700,000 years ago, their fossils suggest...

Venus is often called Earth's twin. Now scientists have found some more shocking similarities between the two planets. Venus is extremely hot and literally hell, with one of the densest atmospheres comprising a thick cloud cover containing sulfuric acid. It has a surface temperature of around 870 degrees Fahrenheit on average caused by the carbon dioxide&nbsp;levels present in the atmosphere.

But scientists have now discovered surface features like faults, folds and volcanoes on the hellish planet, indicating that it was once tectonically active. Tectonic activity is what created continents on Earth and is a phenomenon only seen on our planet till now. But scientists say that the presence of plateaus known as "tesserae" on the Venusian surface means that the planet witnessed intense tectonic activity billions of years ago.&nbsp;

Research leader Fabio Capitanio from the Monash University School of Earth, Atmosphere and Environment said in a statement, "We did not expect Venus, with its scorching 860 degrees Fahrenheit (460 degrees Celsius) surface temperature and lack of plate tectonics, to possess such complex geological features."

He says that the "study [done in collaboration with NASA] challenges our understanding of how planets evolve."

Also Read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/mysterious-5000-mile-wall-of-acid-filled-clouds-hovering-over-venus-745233">Mysterious 5,000-mile wall of acid-filled clouds hovering over surface of Venus</a>

The lithosphere, the rigid outer layer of a planet's crust, comprises a number of large plates. When these plates move around in different ways, the actions help to shape a planet. Venus has a stagnant lithosphere, or "stagnant lid". This means that it only has a single plate with minimal movement. Some experts believe that Venus, early in its history, had limited tectonic movement and over a period transitioned to the stagnant lid model that exists today.&nbsp;

<h2>Ishtar Terra highlands on Venus</h2>

To investigate further, scientists studied the formations on Venus called the Ishtar Terra highlands. It has "an Australia-sized crustal plateau with an average elevation of around 2.5 miles (4 kilometres)," similar to the Tibetan Plateau. It is surrounded by mountain belts taller than the Himalayas, as per a paper published in the journal Nature Geoscience. "The region is floored by a thick crust that is comparable to that of cratons on Earth."

WATCH:&nbsp;ISRO Chief reveals details on future Venus exploration mission

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The existence of this region on Venus led scientists to believe that the two planets might share a similar geological history.

"This finding provides a fascinating new perspective on Venus and its potential links to early Earth," Capitanio said. "The features we found on Venus are strikingly similar to Earth's early continents, suggesting that the dynamics of Venus' past may have been more similar to Earth's than previously thought." 
&nbsp;

Venus is often called Earth's twin. Now scientists have found some more shocking similarities between the two planets. Venus is extremely hot and literally hell, with one of the densest atmospheres comprising a thick cloud cover containing sulfuric acid.

Venus is often called Earth's twin. Now scientists have found some more shocking similarities between the two planets. Venus is extremely hot and literally hell, with one of the densest atmospheres comprising a thick cloud cover containing sulfuric acid. It has a surface temperature of around 870 degrees Fahrenheit on average caused by the carbon dioxide levels present in the atmosphere. But scientists have now discovered surface features like faults, folds and volcanoes on the hellish planet, indicating that it was once tectonically active. Tectonic activity is what created continents on Earth and is a phenomenon only seen on our planet till now. But scientists say that the presence of plateaus known as "tesserae" on the Venusian surface means that the planet witnessed intense tectonic activity billions of years ago. Research leader Fabio Capitanio from the Monash University School of Earth, Atmosphere and Environment said in a statement, "We did not expect Venus, with its scorching 860 degrees Fahrenheit (460 degrees Celsius) surface temperature and lack of plate tectonics, to possess such complex geological features." He says that the "study [done in collaboration with NASA] challenges our understanding of how planets evolve." Also Read: Mysterious 5,000-mile wall of acid-filled clouds hovering over surface of Venus The lithosphere, the rigid outer layer of a planet's crust, comprises a number of large plates. When these plates move around in different ways, the actions help to shape a planet. Venus has a stagnant lithosphere, or "stagnant lid". This means that it only has a single plate with minimal movement. Some experts believe that Venus, early in its history, had limited tectonic movement and over a period transitioned to the stagnant lid model that exists today. Ishtar Terra highlands on Venus To investigate further, scientists studied the formations on Venus called the Ishtar Terra highlands. It has "an Australia-sized crustal plateau with an average elevation of around 2.5 miles (4 kilometres)," similar to the Tibetan Plateau. It is surrounded by mountain belts taller than the Himalayas, as per a paper published in the journal Nature Geoscience. "The region is floored by a thick crust that is comparable to that of cratons on Earth." WATCH: ISRO Chief reveals details on future Venus exploration mission × The existence of this region on Venus led scientists to believe that the two planets might share a similar geological history. "This finding provides a fascinating new perspective on Venus and its potential links to early Earth," Capitanio said. "The features we found on Venus are strikingly similar to Earth's early continents, suggesting that the dynamics of Venus' past may have been more similar to Earth's than previously thought."

When Venus shook: Scientists make stunning discovery on Earth's twin planet

Women have often complained about how their medical conditions are downplayed by doctors, and now a study says that this is indeed true. According to the research, women when being discharged from emergency departments,&nbsp;are less likely to be given a prescription for pain medication when compared to men. The study was done on American and Israeli patients. The disparity existed even when both men and women were treated for the exact same ailments.

In one dataset comprising 17,576 patients, 47 per cent of men were released with a prescription for an analgesic medicine, while only 38 per cent of women were given a similar prescription. A total of 21,851 patients reached the hospital with complaints of pain, and the researchers found a huge disparity.

"Across these datasets, a consistent sex disparity emerges," the researchers write.

The study was conducted by a team led by psychologists Mika Guzikevits of The Hebrew University of Jerusalem and Tom Gordon-Hecker of Ben-Gurion University of the Negev in Israel. "We argue that female patients receive less pain treatment than they should, which may adversely impact their health," the paper says. The researchers highlight the "critical need to address psychological biases in healthcare settings to ensure fair and efficient treatment for all."&nbsp;

Also Read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/trending/too-hot-too-distracting-paraguayan-swimmer-asked-to-leave-paris-for-wearing-skimpy-outfits-747973">Too hot, too distracting? Paraguayan swimmer asked to leave Paris for&nbsp;wearing skimpy outfits</a>&nbsp;

"Female patients are less likely to be prescribed pain-relief medications compared to males, and this disparity persists even after adjusting for patients' reported pain scores and numerous patient, physician, and emergency department variables," the study says.

<h2>Sex of the patient&nbsp;only reason for disparity</h2>

The researchers could not link the disparity to any other variable than the sex of the patient.

Pain has been something women have been fighting for years, along with the struggle to convince others that they are in pain. Women are often accused of exaggerating their pain. They are even called out as being hysterical, emotional,&nbsp;or even lying, and the medical implications of such thoughts can be profound. Women who report being in chronic pain are most often&nbsp;diagnosed with a mental health condition. They also fall behind when it comes to&nbsp;prescribing postoperative pain management medication. Several studies show that medical practitioners don't trust women as much as men when reporting pain.

Women have often complained about how their medical conditions are downplayed by doctors, and now a study says that this is indeed true. According to the research, women when being discharged from emergency departments, are less likely to be given a prescription for pain medication when compared to men.

Women have often complained about how their medical conditions are downplayed by doctors, and now a study says that this is indeed true. According to the research, women when being discharged from emergency departments, are less likely to be given a prescription for pain medication when compared to men. The study was done on American and Israeli patients. The disparity existed even when both men and women were treated for the exact same ailments. In one dataset comprising 17,576 patients, 47 per cent of men were released with a prescription for an analgesic medicine, while only 38 per cent of women were given a similar prescription. A total of 21,851 patients reached the hospital with complaints of pain, and the researchers found a huge disparity. "Across these datasets, a consistent sex disparity emerges," the researchers write. The study was conducted by a team led by psychologists Mika Guzikevits of The Hebrew University of Jerusalem and Tom Gordon-Hecker of Ben-Gurion University of the Negev in Israel. "We argue that female patients receive less pain treatment than they should, which may adversely impact their health," the paper says. The researchers highlight the "critical need to address psychological biases in healthcare settings to ensure fair and efficient treatment for all." Also Read: Too hot, too distracting? Paraguayan swimmer asked to leave Paris for wearing skimpy outfits "Female patients are less likely to be prescribed pain-relief medications compared to males, and this disparity persists even after adjusting for patients' reported pain scores and numerous patient, physician, and emergency department variables," the study says. Sex of the patient only reason for disparity The researchers could not link the disparity to any other variable than the sex of the patient. Pain has been something women have been fighting for years, along with the struggle to convince others that they are in pain. Women are often accused of exaggerating their pain. They are even called out as being hysterical, emotional, or even lying, and the medical implications of such thoughts can be profound. Women who report being in chronic pain are most often diagnosed with a mental health condition. They also fall behind when it comes to prescribing postoperative pain management medication. Several studies show that medical practitioners don't trust women as much as men when reporting pain.

Women's pain is often downplayed in comparison to men, study finds

Using a new biomaterial, scientists in the US have&nbsp;successfully repaired the damaged joint cartilage of an animal in a breakthrough that could someday help avoid knee replacement surgeries.

Cartilages are what hold together our joints, and are very difficult to repair or replace once damaged. Most joint cartilage issues are currently treated via microfracture surgery, which involves inducing cartilage growth by creating fractures in the bone. Cartilage damage is the main reason for most knee replacement surgeries.

<h2>Biomaterial repairs damaged cartilage: A breakthrough in regenerative nanomedicine</h2>

The new biomaterial was developed and successfully used in sheep by scientists at Northwestern University. It was injected in sheep with cartilage defects in the stifle joint in an experiment carried out at the University of Wisconsin–Madison.&nbsp;

The biomaterial regenerated high-quality cartilage in the knee joints of the sheep.&nbsp;It was able to not only repair but also grow new cartilage on the damaged knee joints of the animal within six months, according to the university.

The newborn cartilage contained natural biopolymers - collagen II and proteoglycans- which enable pain-free mechanical resilience in joints, it said in a study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

The bioactive materials were used for driving the self-organisation of nanoscale fibres into bundles that mimic the natural architecture of cartilage, it said.

The goal was to create an attractive scaffold for the body’s own cells to regenerate cartilage tissue. "Using bioactive signals in the nanoscale fibres, the material encourages cartilage repair by the cells, which populate the scaffold," Northwestern University said in a release on the experiment.

Also read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/a-strange-highway-formed-between-sun-and-earth-in-2023-nasa-says-747914">A strange 'highway' formed between Sun and Earth in 2023, NASA says</a>

<h2>What is the cartilage repair bioactive material made of?</h2>

The material is a "network of molecular components, which work together to mimic cartilage’s natural environment in the body," and looks like goo, said the release.&nbsp;Once injected,&nbsp;the thick, paste-like material transforms into a rubbery matrix, with new cartilage growing to fill the defect.

It consists of a "bioactive peptide that binds to transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGFb-1) — an essential protein for cartilage growth and maintenance — and modified hyaluronic acid, a natural polysaccharide present in cartilage and the lubricating synovial fluid in joints," said the release.

<h2>Regenerative biomaterial: Future of joint therapy?</h2>

There is hope that the bioactive material can eventually be used to repair and regenerate damaged cartilage in humans, avoiding the need for procedures like full knee replacements.

It can help in joint degeneration conditions like osteoporosis, and osteoarthritis and treat&nbsp;sports-related injuries.&nbsp;

“When cartilage becomes damaged or breaks down over time, it can have a great impact on people’s overall health and mobility. The problem is that, in adult humans, cartilage does not have an inherent ability to heal," the release quoted &nbsp;Samuel I&nbsp;Stupp, lead author of the study from Northwestern University, as saying.

"Our new therapy can induce repair in a tissue that does not naturally regenerate. We think our treatment could help address a serious, unmet clinical need.”

Stupp hopes the new material could be also applied to joints during open-joint or arthroscopic surgeries.&nbsp; 
 
(With inputs from agencies)

Using a new biomaterial, scientists in the US have successfully repaired the damaged joint cartilage of an animal in a breakthrough that could someday help avoid knee replacement surgeries.

Using a new biomaterial, scientists in the US have successfully repaired the damaged joint cartilage of an animal in a breakthrough that could someday help avoid knee replacement surgeries. Cartilages are what hold together our joints, and are very difficult to repair or replace once damaged. Most joint cartilage issues are currently treated via microfracture surgery, which involves inducing cartilage growth by creating fractures in the bone. Cartilage damage is the main reason for most knee replacement surgeries. Biomaterial repairs damaged cartilage: A breakthrough in regenerative nanomedicine The new biomaterial was developed and successfully used in sheep by scientists at Northwestern University. It was injected in sheep with cartilage defects in the stifle joint in an experiment carried out at the University of Wisconsin–Madison. The biomaterial regenerated high-quality cartilage in the knee joints of the sheep. It was able to not only repair but also grow new cartilage on the damaged knee joints of the animal within six months, according to the university. The newborn cartilage contained natural biopolymers - collagen II and proteoglycans- which enable pain-free mechanical resilience in joints, it said in a study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. The bioactive materials were used for driving the self-organisation of nanoscale fibres into bundles that mimic the natural architecture of cartilage, it said. The goal was to create an attractive scaffold for the body’s own cells to regenerate cartilage tissue. "Using bioactive signals in the nanoscale fibres, the material encourages cartilage repair by the cells, which populate the scaffold," Northwestern University said in a release on the experiment. Also read: A strange 'highway' formed between Sun and Earth in 2023, NASA says What is the cartilage repair bioactive material made of? The material is a "network of molecular components, which work together to mimic cartilage’s natural environment in the body," and looks like goo, said the release. Once injected, the thick, paste-like material transforms into a rubbery matrix, with new cartilage growing to fill the defect. It consists of a "bioactive peptide that binds to transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGFb-1) — an essential protein for cartilage growth and maintenance — and modified hyaluronic acid, a natural polysaccharide present in cartilage and the lubricating synovial fluid in joints," said the release. Regenerative biomaterial: Future of joint therapy? There is hope that the bioactive material can eventually be used to repair and regenerate damaged cartilage in humans, avoiding the need for procedures like full knee replacements. It can help in joint degeneration conditions like osteoporosis, and osteoarthritis and treat sports-related injuries. “When cartilage becomes damaged or breaks down over time, it can have a great impact on people’s overall health and mobility. The problem is that, in adult humans, cartilage does not have an inherent ability to heal," the release quoted Samuel I Stupp, lead author of the study from Northwestern University, as saying. "Our new therapy can induce repair in a tissue that does not naturally regenerate. We think our treatment could help address a serious, unmet clinical need.” Stupp hopes the new material could be also applied to joints during open-joint or arthroscopic surgeries. (With inputs from agencies)

This biomaterial can repair and regenerate cartilage tissue. End in sight for knee replacement surgeries?

In an alarming development, the number of pathogens that could potentially trigger the next pandemic has risen to 30. In an updated list, published by the World Health Organization (WHO),&nbsp;influenza A virus, dengue virus, and monkeypox virus have been identified as ‘priority pathogens’. The purpose of this list is to boost efforts in developing treatments, vaccines and diagnostics.

The list was prepared based on evidence, indicating the pathogens were highly transmissible and virulent, and that no effective treatment was available.

“The prioritisation process helps identify critical knowledge gaps that need to be addressed urgently,” said Ana Maria Henao Restrepo, who leads the WHO’s R&amp;D Blueprint for Epidemics.

Also read:&nbsp;<a data-ved="2ahUKEwjxmbOV4eCHAxUJh68BHfWVOjEQxfQBKAB6BAgLEAE" href="https://www.wionews.com/science/strictly-speaking-earth-is-not-revolving-around-the-sun-currently-heres-what-it-means-740359" jsname="YKoRaf" ping="/url?sa=t&amp;source=web&amp;rct=j&amp;opi=89978449&amp;url=https://www.wionews.com/science/strictly-speaking-earth-is-not-revolving-around-the-sun-currently-heres-what-it-means-740359&amp;ved=2ahUKEwjxmbOV4eCHAxUJh68BHfWVOjEQxfQBKAB6BAgLEAE">Strictly speaking, Earth is not revolving around the Sun currently. Here`s what it means</a>

Amidst turbulent global changes, it was necessary to revisit the list over and over again, said Neelika Malavige, an immunologist at the University of Sri Jayewardenepura in Colombo, Sri Lanka, who was involved in the effort.

<h2>How was the list prepared?</h2>

Over the last two years, more than 200 scientists evaluated over 1,652 pathogen species — mostly viruses, and some bacteria.

After a detailed study, they were able to identify 30 priority pathogens to be included in the list, including SARS-CoV-2 — the virus that caused the global COVID-19 pandemic — and Merbecovirus, which includes the virus that causes Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS).

Also read:&nbsp;<a data-ved="2ahUKEwjxmbOV4eCHAxUJh68BHfWVOjEQxfQBKAB6BAgHEAE" href="https://www.wionews.com/science/she-screamed-and-screamed-why-was-egyptian-mummys-face-so-contorted-scientists-have-a-clue-746510" jsname="YKoRaf" ping="/url?sa=t&amp;source=web&amp;rct=j&amp;opi=89978449&amp;url=https://www.wionews.com/science/she-screamed-and-screamed-why-was-egyptian-mummys-face-so-contorted-scientists-have-a-clue-746510&amp;ved=2ahUKEwjxmbOV4eCHAxUJh68BHfWVOjEQxfQBKAB6BAgHEAE">She screamed and screamed: Why was Egyptian Mummy`s face so contorted? Scientists have a clue</a>

Monkeypox virus, which caused a global mpox outbreak in 2022, has also been added to the list.

Its relative, the variola virus, which causes smallpox, has also been included, despite it having been eradicated in 1980. People are no longer receiving vaccination for it, therefore not becoming immune to it.

The virus could potentially be used “by terrorists as a biological weapon”, Malavige warned.

Among those included in the list are half a dozen influenza A viruses, including H5, which sparked an outbreak in cattle in the United States.

Two viruses that jumped from human to human have also been added. Scientists added that climate change and accelerated urbanisation may increase the risk of these viruses getting transmitted en masse.

(With inputs from agencies)

In an alarming development, the number of pathogens that could potentially trigger the next pandemic has risen to 30. In an updated list, published by the World Health Organization (WHO), influenza A virus, dengue virus, and monkeypox virus have been identified as ‘priority pathogens’.

In an alarming development, the number of pathogens that could potentially trigger the next pandemic has risen to 30. In an updated list, published by the World Health Organization (WHO), influenza A virus, dengue virus, and monkeypox virus have been identified as ‘priority pathogens’. The purpose of this list is to boost efforts in developing treatments, vaccines and diagnostics. The list was prepared based on evidence, indicating the pathogens were highly transmissible and virulent, and that no effective treatment was available. “The prioritisation process helps identify critical knowledge gaps that need to be addressed urgently,” said Ana Maria Henao Restrepo, who leads the WHO’s R&D Blueprint for Epidemics. Also read: Strictly speaking, Earth is not revolving around the Sun currently. Here`s what it means Amidst turbulent global changes, it was necessary to revisit the list over and over again, said Neelika Malavige, an immunologist at the University of Sri Jayewardenepura in Colombo, Sri Lanka, who was involved in the effort. How was the list prepared? Over the last two years, more than 200 scientists evaluated over 1,652 pathogen species — mostly viruses, and some bacteria. After a detailed study, they were able to identify 30 priority pathogens to be included in the list, including SARS-CoV-2 — the virus that caused the global COVID-19 pandemic — and Merbecovirus, which includes the virus that causes Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS). Also read: She screamed and screamed: Why was Egyptian Mummy`s face so contorted? Scientists have a clue Monkeypox virus, which caused a global mpox outbreak in 2022, has also been added to the list. Its relative, the variola virus, which causes smallpox, has also been included, despite it having been eradicated in 1980. People are no longer receiving vaccination for it, therefore not becoming immune to it. The virus could potentially be used “by terrorists as a biological weapon”, Malavige warned. Among those included in the list are half a dozen influenza A viruses, including H5, which sparked an outbreak in cattle in the United States. Two viruses that jumped from human to human have also been added. Scientists added that climate change and accelerated urbanisation may increase the risk of these viruses getting transmitted en masse. (With inputs from agencies)

Alarming! Scientists identify 30 pathogens that could trigger next pandemic

NASA has been planning to set up a lighthouse on the lunar surface which will guide the astronauts and robots who will soon be exploring the Moon.

NASA scientists have tested a technology which is expected to work as a 'lighthouse' on the Moon and provide them with real-time data of astronauts and robotic explorers.

According to the space agency, the scientists successfully tested an autonomous navigation system called Lunar Node 1 (LN-1) demonstrator on Odysseus - which is the lander of Intuitive Machines that touched down on the south pole of the Moon on February 22.

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For 30 total minutes in February, <a href="https://twitter.com/NASA?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">@NASA</a> lit a beacon on the Moon! 🌙 
 
NASA’s Lunar Node-1 experiment successfully demonstrated a new navigation and positioning system that will change how we explore the Moon. 
 
More on this <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/NASAMarshall?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#NASAMarshall</a> tech HERE &gt;&gt; <a href="https://t.co/ohWfdnjiHN">https://t.co/ohWfdnjiHN</a> <a href="https://t.co/tkG5qpwrTr">pic.twitter.com/tkG5qpwrTr</a>
— NASA Marshall (@NASA_Marshall) <a href="https://twitter.com/NASA_Marshall/status/1768351393738375341?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">March 14, 2024</a></blockquote>
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According to NASA, the system - which was tested onboard Odysseus can link orbiters, landers, and astronauts on the Moon and helps in digitally verifying the position of every explorer in relation to other ground stations, networked spacecraft and rovers on the move.&nbsp;

Also Read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/moon-is-going-far-away-from-the-earth-will-it-disappear-soon-from-night-sky-746236">Moon is going far away from the Earth. Will it disappear soon from night sky?</a>

Scientists believe that this lighthouse will make it safer for explorers to visit the Moon and set up sustainable lunar bases.

The impact crater named Malapert A was used for the landing of Odysseus close to the lunar south pole.

<h2>Here's how the lighthouse on Moon will help scientists in future</h2>

The space agency said that Lunar Node-1 can also be used to augment navigation and communication relays and surface nodes as well as provide increased robustness as well as capability to various users in orbit and on the surface.

“We’ve lit a temporary beacon on the lunar shore,” said Evan Anzalone, LN-1 principal investigator at NASA’s Marshall Space Flight Centre, in an official&nbsp;statement.&nbsp;

“Now, we seek to deliver a sustainable local network – a series of lighthouses that point the way for spacecraft and ground crews to safely, confidently spread out and explore," he added.

Watch:&nbsp;Moon Drifting Away From Earth Approximately 3.8 Centimeter Per Year - Study

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The scientists tested the LN-1 for two 15-minute transmissions from the surface. The data from the transmissions was collected using the Deep Space Network, which is the giant radio antenna array used for deep-space communication.&nbsp;

LN-1's initial plan was to transmit data till Odysseus was powered down by the scientists on February 29, however, the duration was cut short because of the tilted orientation of the lander.

During the translunar journey of Odysseus, daily tests were carried out on the LN-1 beacon by the Marshall team.

(With inputs from agencies)

NASA has been planning to set up a lighthouse on the lunar surface which will guide the astronauts and robots who will soon be exploring the Moon. NASA scientists have tested a technology which is expected to work as a 'lighthouse' on the Moon and provide them with real-time data of astronauts and robotic explorers.

NASA has been planning to set up a lighthouse on the lunar surface which will guide the astronauts and robots who will soon be exploring the Moon. NASA scientists have tested a technology which is expected to work as a 'lighthouse' on the Moon and provide them with real-time data of astronauts and robotic explorers. According to the space agency, the scientists successfully tested an autonomous navigation system called Lunar Node 1 (LN-1) demonstrator on Odysseus - which is the lander of Intuitive Machines that touched down on the south pole of the Moon on February 22. For 30 total minutes in February, @NASA lit a beacon on the Moon! 🌙 NASA’s Lunar Node-1 experiment successfully demonstrated a new navigation and positioning system that will change how we explore the Moon. More on this #NASAMarshall tech HERE >> https://t.co/ohWfdnjiHN pic.twitter.com/tkG5qpwrTr — NASA Marshall (@NASA_Marshall) March 14, 2024 × According to NASA, the system - which was tested onboard Odysseus can link orbiters, landers, and astronauts on the Moon and helps in digitally verifying the position of every explorer in relation to other ground stations, networked spacecraft and rovers on the move. Also Read: Moon is going far away from the Earth. Will it disappear soon from night sky? Scientists believe that this lighthouse will make it safer for explorers to visit the Moon and set up sustainable lunar bases. The impact crater named Malapert A was used for the landing of Odysseus close to the lunar south pole. Here's how the lighthouse on Moon will help scientists in future The space agency said that Lunar Node-1 can also be used to augment navigation and communication relays and surface nodes as well as provide increased robustness as well as capability to various users in orbit and on the surface. “We’ve lit a temporary beacon on the lunar shore,” said Evan Anzalone, LN-1 principal investigator at NASA’s Marshall Space Flight Centre, in an official statement. “Now, we seek to deliver a sustainable local network – a series of lighthouses that point the way for spacecraft and ground crews to safely, confidently spread out and explore," he added. Watch: Moon Drifting Away From Earth Approximately 3.8 Centimeter Per Year - Study The scientists tested the LN-1 for two 15-minute transmissions from the surface. The data from the transmissions was collected using the Deep Space Network, which is the giant radio antenna array used for deep-space communication. LN-1's initial plan was to transmit data till Odysseus was powered down by the scientists on February 29, however, the duration was cut short because of the tilted orientation of the lander. During the translunar journey of Odysseus, daily tests were carried out on the LN-1 beacon by the Marshall team. (With inputs from agencies)

NASA to set up lighthouse on Moon. Here's how it will help astronauts and robots

At the heart of the Milky Way are 10 strange dead stars, scientists say. Also known as "neutron stars", these weird bodies are also spinning, which means they are pulsars. Scientists say that this extremely odd globular cluster is located 18,000 light-years from Earth and might take on weird forms as a result of being extremely dense. These include "spider pulsars" that can cast plasma webs and destroy stars. There is also a speed demon vampire star that is eating up other stars in the vicinity.&nbsp;

These pulsars have been uncovered in the globular cluster Terzan 5 where hundreds of thousands of different stars that are 12 billion to 4.5 billion years old can be found. Terzan 5 is one of the most crowded regions in the Milky Way, with at least 39 known pulsars already swarming it.&nbsp;

"It's very unusual to find exotic new pulsars," Scott Ransom, a scientist with the US National Science Foundation National Radio Astronomy Observatory (NSF NRAO) said in a statement. "But what’s really exciting is the wide variety of such weirdos in a single cluster."

Using the Green Bank Telescope and the MeerKAT Telescope, Ransom and the other scientists tracked the location of the neutron stars and the timing of their rotations. Two of these neutron stars are part of a rare double neutron-star binary. To put the rarity in context, around 3,600 pulsars have been discovered in the Milky Way till now of which only 20 have been double neutron-star binaries.&nbsp;

Also Read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/nasa-warns-3-asteroids-hurtling-towards-earth-will-come-closest-on-this-day-747551">NASA warns 3 asteroids hurtling towards Earth will come closest on THIS day</a>

<h2>Cosmic vampire and spider pulsars&nbsp;</h2>

When the above phenomenon happens, one of the neutron stars starts behaving like a vampire, pulling material from the other. This matter makes the neutron star spin faster triggering the formation of a "millisecond pulsar" which can spin hundreds of times per second. The latest pair appears to spin faster than 716 rotations per second, likely setting a new record.&nbsp;

Three new rare spider pulsars have also been seen in the region. Classified as "Redbacks" or "Black Widows," they cast a high-energy radiation"web" on stars that come too close. Redback spider pulsars are those that prey on companion stars with masses between 10 per cent and 50 per cent of the Sun's mass. Meanwhile, Black Widow spider pulsars are those that prey on smaller stars with less than five&nbsp;per cent of the Sun's mass.&nbsp;

At the heart of the Milky Way are 10 strange dead stars, scientists say. Also known as "neutron stars", these weird bodies are also spinning, which means they are pulsars.

At the heart of the Milky Way are 10 strange dead stars, scientists say. Also known as "neutron stars", these weird bodies are also spinning, which means they are pulsars. Scientists say that this extremely odd globular cluster is located 18,000 light-years from Earth and might take on weird forms as a result of being extremely dense. These include "spider pulsars" that can cast plasma webs and destroy stars. There is also a speed demon vampire star that is eating up other stars in the vicinity. These pulsars have been uncovered in the globular cluster Terzan 5 where hundreds of thousands of different stars that are 12 billion to 4.5 billion years old can be found. Terzan 5 is one of the most crowded regions in the Milky Way, with at least 39 known pulsars already swarming it. "It's very unusual to find exotic new pulsars," Scott Ransom, a scientist with the US National Science Foundation National Radio Astronomy Observatory (NSF NRAO) said in a statement. "But what’s really exciting is the wide variety of such weirdos in a single cluster." Using the Green Bank Telescope and the MeerKAT Telescope, Ransom and the other scientists tracked the location of the neutron stars and the timing of their rotations. Two of these neutron stars are part of a rare double neutron-star binary. To put the rarity in context, around 3,600 pulsars have been discovered in the Milky Way till now of which only 20 have been double neutron-star binaries. Also Read: NASA warns 3 asteroids hurtling towards Earth will come closest on THIS day Cosmic vampire and spider pulsars When the above phenomenon happens, one of the neutron stars starts behaving like a vampire, pulling material from the other. This matter makes the neutron star spin faster triggering the formation of a "millisecond pulsar" which can spin hundreds of times per second. The latest pair appears to spin faster than 716 rotations per second, likely setting a new record. Three new rare spider pulsars have also been seen in the region. Classified as "Redbacks" or "Black Widows," they cast a high-energy radiation"web" on stars that come too close. Redback spider pulsars are those that prey on companion stars with masses between 10 per cent and 50 per cent of the Sun's mass. Meanwhile, Black Widow spider pulsars are those that prey on smaller stars with less than five per cent of the Sun's mass.

Demon vampire star and spider pulsars among 10 dead stars discovered at heart of Milky Way

Asteroid 2024 OR1 is hurtling towards Earth and will make an extremely close flyby on August 6. The 110-foot asteroid is the size of an aeroplane and will zoom past our planet at 6:41 pm IST. It is moving at a speed of 30,381 km/h. This asteroid belongs to the Apollo group of asteroids, rocks that fascinate astronomers and are valuable in terms of observation and scientific study. They are categorised as near-Earth objects (NEOs) with orbits that cross Earth's path. NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory has issued the latest warning as part of its Asteroid Watch programme.

NASA has a set of guidelines based on which an asteroid is classified as hazardous. The space agency says that asteroids that won't get closer than 4,650,000 million miles to Earth or are smaller than about 140 metres, that is around 460 feet, don't pose a threat.

Asteroid 2024 OR1 will be 2,130,000 miles at its nearest point from Earth. Based on the distance, it does fulfil one criterion of a hazardous object, but it is not as big in size, so it will not pose a threat to our planet.&nbsp;

Two more asteroids will make a flyby on the same day. Asteroid 2024 OM1, 160 feet in size, is also approaching us on August 6 and will be 869,000 miles from us at its nearest point. It also belongs to the Apollo group of asteroids. Asteroid 2024 PE, an Aten near-Earth object, will also zoom past us on this day. However, it is just 84 feet in size and will make its closest approach at 1,130,000 miles. Both these asteroids are expected to pass by us safely, without posing a threat.

Also Read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/saturn-kicks-out-a-comet-outside-our-solar-system-at-a-scary-speed-of-6700-mph-heres-how-747085">Saturn kicks out a comet outside our solar system at a scary speed of 6,700 mph. Here's how</a>

<h2>NASA Asteroid warnings&nbsp;&nbsp;</h2>

NASA's Center for Near-Earth Object Studies (CNEOS) regularly tracks NEOs to understand the collision risks they might pose and to be able to take action in the event one threatens the planet. An asteroid's size, speed, and location of impact also decide if it has the potential to cause any kind of devastation. These events also provide NASA with the opportunity to learn more about these celestial visitors.&nbsp;

NASA has hit an asteroid in the past as part of the DART mission. It helped scientists learn more about a likely scenario where an asteroid might pose a risk to us.

Asteroid 2024 OR1 is hurtling towards Earth and will make an extremely close flyby on August 6. The 110-foot asteroid is the size of an aeroplane and will zoom past our planet at 6:41 pm IST.

Asteroid 2024 OR1 is hurtling towards Earth and will make an extremely close flyby on August 6. The 110-foot asteroid is the size of an aeroplane and will zoom past our planet at 6:41 pm IST. It is moving at a speed of 30,381 km/h. This asteroid belongs to the Apollo group of asteroids, rocks that fascinate astronomers and are valuable in terms of observation and scientific study. They are categorised as near-Earth objects (NEOs) with orbits that cross Earth's path. NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory has issued the latest warning as part of its Asteroid Watch programme. NASA has a set of guidelines based on which an asteroid is classified as hazardous. The space agency says that asteroids that won't get closer than 4,650,000 million miles to Earth or are smaller than about 140 metres, that is around 460 feet, don't pose a threat. Asteroid 2024 OR1 will be 2,130,000 miles at its nearest point from Earth. Based on the distance, it does fulfil one criterion of a hazardous object, but it is not as big in size, so it will not pose a threat to our planet. Two more asteroids will make a flyby on the same day. Asteroid 2024 OM1, 160 feet in size, is also approaching us on August 6 and will be 869,000 miles from us at its nearest point. It also belongs to the Apollo group of asteroids. Asteroid 2024 PE, an Aten near-Earth object, will also zoom past us on this day. However, it is just 84 feet in size and will make its closest approach at 1,130,000 miles. Both these asteroids are expected to pass by us safely, without posing a threat. Also Read: Saturn kicks out a comet outside our solar system at a scary speed of 6,700 mph. Here's how NASA Asteroid warnings NASA's Center for Near-Earth Object Studies (CNEOS) regularly tracks NEOs to understand the collision risks they might pose and to be able to take action in the event one threatens the planet. An asteroid's size, speed, and location of impact also decide if it has the potential to cause any kind of devastation. These events also provide NASA with the opportunity to learn more about these celestial visitors. NASA has hit an asteroid in the past as part of the DART mission. It helped scientists learn more about a likely scenario where an asteroid might pose a risk to us.

NASA warns three asteroids are hurtling towards Earth and will come extremely close on the same day

Humans across the world have&nbsp;been taught that there are seven continents on Earth, namely, Africa, Antarctica, Asia, Australia, Europe, North America, and South America. However, this integral part of our geography now seems to be botched up as researchers in a new study have made a shocking claim that there are six and not seven continents on Earth.

The University of Derby's researchers said that the continents of North America and Europe have not broken up and the process is still ongoing.

The study's author Dr Jordan Phethean said: "The discovery indicates that the North America and Eurasian tectonic plates have not yet actually broken apart, as is traditionally thought to have happened 52 million years ago. They are, in fact, still stretching and in the process of breaking apart."

Also Read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/moon-is-going-far-away-from-the-earth-will-it-disappear-soon-from-night-sky-746236">Moon is going far away from the Earth. Will it disappear soon from night sky?</a>

The new study looked into the formation of Iceland, which is situated between the Greenland Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean.

Till now, it was known that Iceland was formed nearly 60 million years ago when the mid-Atlantic ridge – which is the boundary between Eurasian and the North American tectonic plates - started to fall apart and led to the creation of a hot mantle plume that turned into a volcanic island.

In the new study, the team found evidence which challenged this theory.

<h2>North America and Europe are one continent and not two: study</h2>

The researchers analysed the tectonic plates' movement in Africa and suggested that Iceland and the Greenland Iceland Faroes Ridge (GIFR) have pieces of lost and submerged fragments which belong to both the North American and European continents.

This newly-recognised feature is known as a "Rifted Oceanic Magmatic Plateau" (ROMP) for short.

"I like to think of this concept as the Earth Science equivalent of finding the Lost City of Atlantis; fragments of lost continent submerged beneath the sea and kilometres of thin lava flows," said Dr Phethean.

Watch:&nbsp;Earth slows down by 1.33 milliseconds

<div class="videoWrapper trancodeVideo"><iframe allowfullscreen="" autoplay="1" class="includeVideo" frameborder="0" height="350" src="https://www.wionews.com/videos/earth-slows-down-by-133-milliseconds-741345/embed" style="width:100%;max-width:560px;" width="560"></iframe></div>

"By studying the evolution of rifting in the volcanic Afra region in Africa and comparing this to the behaviour of the Earth in Iceland, we are able to see that these two regions are evolving in very similar ways," he added.&nbsp;

So, if the study is right it means that the European and North American continents are still breaking up and scientifically, they should be classed as one continent and not two continents.&nbsp;

"While it is controversial to suggest that the GIFR contains a large amount of continental crust within it, and that the European and North American tectonic plates have perhaps not yet officially broken up, our findings suggest this is the case," explained Dr Phethean.

(With inputs from agencies)

Humans across the world have been taught that there are seven continents on Earth, namely, Africa, Antarctica, Asia, Australia, Europe, North America, and South America.

Humans across the world have been taught that there are seven continents on Earth, namely, Africa, Antarctica, Asia, Australia, Europe, North America, and South America. However, this integral part of our geography now seems to be botched up as researchers in a new study have made a shocking claim that there are six and not seven continents on Earth. The University of Derby's researchers said that the continents of North America and Europe have not broken up and the process is still ongoing. The study's author Dr Jordan Phethean said: "The discovery indicates that the North America and Eurasian tectonic plates have not yet actually broken apart, as is traditionally thought to have happened 52 million years ago. They are, in fact, still stretching and in the process of breaking apart." Also Read: Moon is going far away from the Earth. Will it disappear soon from night sky? The new study looked into the formation of Iceland, which is situated between the Greenland Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean. Till now, it was known that Iceland was formed nearly 60 million years ago when the mid-Atlantic ridge – which is the boundary between Eurasian and the North American tectonic plates - started to fall apart and led to the creation of a hot mantle plume that turned into a volcanic island. In the new study, the team found evidence which challenged this theory. North America and Europe are one continent and not two: study The researchers analysed the tectonic plates' movement in Africa and suggested that Iceland and the Greenland Iceland Faroes Ridge (GIFR) have pieces of lost and submerged fragments which belong to both the North American and European continents. This newly-recognised feature is known as a "Rifted Oceanic Magmatic Plateau" (ROMP) for short. "I like to think of this concept as the Earth Science equivalent of finding the Lost City of Atlantis; fragments of lost continent submerged beneath the sea and kilometres of thin lava flows," said Dr Phethean. Watch: Earth slows down by 1.33 milliseconds "By studying the evolution of rifting in the volcanic Afra region in Africa and comparing this to the behaviour of the Earth in Iceland, we are able to see that these two regions are evolving in very similar ways," he added. So, if the study is right it means that the European and North American continents are still breaking up and scientifically, they should be classed as one continent and not two continents. "While it is controversial to suggest that the GIFR contains a large amount of continental crust within it, and that the European and North American tectonic plates have perhaps not yet officially broken up, our findings suggest this is the case," explained Dr Phethean. (With inputs from agencies)

Not seven but six continents are present on Earth, claims a shocking study. Here's how

A recent study challenges the common belief that venting when you are angry can help release strong emotions. Researchers at Ohio State University have discovered that venting does not reduce anger and may even increase it in some cases.

The recent meta-analytic review, published in Clinical Psychology Review, concluded after analysing 154 studies on anger.

"I think it's really important to bust the myth that if you're angry you should blow off steam – get it off your chest," said Brad Bushman, senior author and communication scientist after the results were published in April, according to Science Alert.

"Venting anger might sound like a good idea, but there's not a shred of scientific evidence to support catharsis theory."

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/entertainment/lifestyle/news-a-deep-look-inside-alzheimers-brain-molecules-structure-of-proteins-unveiled-for-first-time-747194">A deep look inside Alzheimer's brain: Molecule structure of proteins unveiled for first time</a>

While venting does not help anger, it is still important to acknowledge and reflect on the emotions to feel validated and process them healthily. Some people turn to physical exercise to deal with anger. While it may offer health benefits, it may not improve the mood.

"To reduce anger, it is better to engage in activities that decrease arousal levels," Bushman said. "Despite what popular wisdom may suggest, even going for a run is not an effective strategy because it increases arousal levels and ends up being counterproductive."

Inspired by the "rage rooms" to pursue this study, first author Sophie Kjærvik, a communication scientist at Virginia Commonwealth University, wanted to debunk the theory of expressing anger to cope with it.

"We wanted to show that reducing arousal, and actually the physiological aspect of it, is really important," explained Kjærvik.&nbsp;

The team also focused on the cognitive aspects, examining cognitive behavioural therapy, which can be one way of defusing rage. However, they may not be effective for everyone.

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/study-shows-strong-links-between-losing-loved-ones-and-ageing-745671">Study shows 'strong links' between losing loved ones and biological ageing</a>

Researchers analysed both arousal-increasing like boxing and jogging, and arousal-reducing activities like deep breathing and yoga. They found out that calming activities were effective in reducing anger.&nbsp;

"It was really interesting to see that progressive muscle relaxation and just relaxation in general might be as effective as approaches such as mindfulness and meditation," Kjærvik said.

It was discovered that arousal-boosting activities did not reduce anger, while some, like jogging, even increased it. Researchers suggest exertion may be more beneficial if the activity is fun like ball sports.

"It's really a battle because angry people want to vent, but our research shows that any good feeling we get from venting actually reinforces aggression," said Bushman.

While further study is needed to confirm these findings, researchers recommended calming techniques to be the best option to tone down temper.

(With inputs from agencies)

A recent study challenges the common belief that venting when you are angry can help release strong emotions. Researchers at Ohio State University have discovered that venting does not reduce anger and may even increase it in some cases.

A recent study challenges the common belief that venting when you are angry can help release strong emotions. Researchers at Ohio State University have discovered that venting does not reduce anger and may even increase it in some cases. The recent meta-analytic review, published in Clinical Psychology Review, concluded after analysing 154 studies on anger. "I think it's really important to bust the myth that if you're angry you should blow off steam – get it off your chest," said Brad Bushman, senior author and communication scientist after the results were published in April, according to Science Alert. "Venting anger might sound like a good idea, but there's not a shred of scientific evidence to support catharsis theory." Also read | A deep look inside Alzheimer's brain: Molecule structure of proteins unveiled for first time While venting does not help anger, it is still important to acknowledge and reflect on the emotions to feel validated and process them healthily. Some people turn to physical exercise to deal with anger. While it may offer health benefits, it may not improve the mood. "To reduce anger, it is better to engage in activities that decrease arousal levels," Bushman said. "Despite what popular wisdom may suggest, even going for a run is not an effective strategy because it increases arousal levels and ends up being counterproductive." Inspired by the "rage rooms" to pursue this study, first author Sophie Kjærvik, a communication scientist at Virginia Commonwealth University, wanted to debunk the theory of expressing anger to cope with it. "We wanted to show that reducing arousal, and actually the physiological aspect of it, is really important," explained Kjærvik. The team also focused on the cognitive aspects, examining cognitive behavioural therapy, which can be one way of defusing rage. However, they may not be effective for everyone. Also read | Study shows 'strong links' between losing loved ones and biological ageing Researchers analysed both arousal-increasing like boxing and jogging, and arousal-reducing activities like deep breathing and yoga. They found out that calming activities were effective in reducing anger. "It was really interesting to see that progressive muscle relaxation and just relaxation in general might be as effective as approaches such as mindfulness and meditation," Kjærvik said. It was discovered that arousal-boosting activities did not reduce anger, while some, like jogging, even increased it. Researchers suggest exertion may be more beneficial if the activity is fun like ball sports. "It's really a battle because angry people want to vent, but our research shows that any good feeling we get from venting actually reinforces aggression," said Bushman. While further study is needed to confirm these findings, researchers recommended calming techniques to be the best option to tone down temper. (With inputs from agencies)

Venting does not help: Scientists suggests other ways to reduce anger

The scientists, in a new study, tried to understand if meteor showers can pose a threat to spacecraft, satellites or astronauts on the&nbsp;International Space Station&nbsp;(ISS).

The study has been carried out at a time when the skies will witness multiple meteor showers and allow people to watch meteoroids, which are grains of cosmic dust that comets leave. People will also be watching the meteoroids turn into brilliant "shooting stars" as they enter&nbsp;the atmosphere of Earth.

One of the biggest meteor showers that will light the skies is the Perseid meteor shower&nbsp;which is expected to peak around August 11-12.&nbsp;

Head of&nbsp;NASA's Meteoroid Environment Office at Marshall Space Flight Center in Alabama Bill Cooke said that the meteor showers don't pose any threat in most cases.&nbsp;

Also Read: <a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/not-seven-but-six-continents-are-present-on-earth-claims-a-shocking-study-heres-how-747596">Not seven but six continents are present on Earth, claims a shocking study. Here's how</a>

"If you are inside the ISS, meteoroids pose zero risk," said Cooke, while speaking to Space.com.

<h2>Here's how the International Space Station remains protected from meteoroids</h2>

According to the scientists, the astronauts remain protected from meteoroids because of a "Whipple bumper" which is present in the International Space Station (ISS).&nbsp;

The Whipple bumper has been named after its inventor Fred Whipple who created the "dirty snowball" model which describes how the comets are made up and the shield has sheets of metal with Kevlar placed between them.

The meteoroids are not deflected but broken up by the shield and their energy is dispersed into the shield.&nbsp;

"The odds of a meteoroid penetrating the space station are vanishingly small — you can think of the space station as the tank of&nbsp;low Earth orbit," said Cooke.&nbsp;

"If you were an astronaut on EVA [extravehicular activity, i.e., a&nbsp;spacewalk] and you went outside the space station, you would see all these little pips and dents in the hull," he added.

Watch:&nbsp;China space rocket blows up, causes massive fireball

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The scientists said that nearly half of those dents happen because of meteoroid strikes.&nbsp;

The ISS remains at an altitude of between 230 and 285 miles (370 to 460 kilometres) and space junk is the reason behind half of the impacts and at times, the ISS has to maneuver&nbsp;to avoid space junk.&nbsp;

Hence, meteor showers hardly pose any danger to the ISS, as per Cooke. "Only during a meteor storm or outburst are the meteor rates significantly elevated," he added.

(With inputs from agencies)

The scientists, in a new study, tried to understand if meteor showers can pose a threat to spacecraft, satellites or astronauts on the International Space Station (ISS).

The scientists, in a new study, tried to understand if meteor showers can pose a threat to spacecraft, satellites or astronauts on the International Space Station (ISS). The study has been carried out at a time when the skies will witness multiple meteor showers and allow people to watch meteoroids, which are grains of cosmic dust that comets leave. People will also be watching the meteoroids turn into brilliant "shooting stars" as they enter the atmosphere of Earth. One of the biggest meteor showers that will light the skies is the Perseid meteor shower which is expected to peak around August 11-12. Head of NASA's Meteoroid Environment Office at Marshall Space Flight Center in Alabama Bill Cooke said that the meteor showers don't pose any threat in most cases. Also Read: Not seven but six continents are present on Earth, claims a shocking study. Here's how "If you are inside the ISS, meteoroids pose zero risk," said Cooke, while speaking to Space.com. Here's how the International Space Station remains protected from meteoroids According to the scientists, the astronauts remain protected from meteoroids because of a "Whipple bumper" which is present in the International Space Station (ISS). The Whipple bumper has been named after its inventor Fred Whipple who created the "dirty snowball" model which describes how the comets are made up and the shield has sheets of metal with Kevlar placed between them. The meteoroids are not deflected but broken up by the shield and their energy is dispersed into the shield. "The odds of a meteoroid penetrating the space station are vanishingly small — you can think of the space station as the tank of low Earth orbit," said Cooke. "If you were an astronaut on EVA [extravehicular activity, i.e., a spacewalk] and you went outside the space station, you would see all these little pips and dents in the hull," he added. Watch: China space rocket blows up, causes massive fireball The scientists said that nearly half of those dents happen because of meteoroid strikes. The ISS remains at an altitude of between 230 and 285 miles (370 to 460 kilometres) and space junk is the reason behind half of the impacts and at times, the ISS has to maneuver to avoid space junk. Hence, meteor showers hardly pose any danger to the ISS, as per Cooke. "Only during a meteor storm or outburst are the meteor rates significantly elevated," he added. (With inputs from agencies)

Are satellites and astronauts in space in danger due to Perseid meteor shower? Here's the truth

Scientists have stumbled upon a "wonder material" in the soil of the Moon which is known as graphene.&nbsp;

The researchers have found that there are few layers of graphene flakes present on the moon soil which occur naturally. Graphene refers to the organised and layered structure of carbon atoms.

A group of researchers - which included Professors Meng Zou and Wei Zhang, senior engineer Xiujuan Li from&nbsp;Jilin University, and Wencai Ren from the&nbsp;Chinese Academy of Sciences’ Institute of Metal Research - led the study.

<h2>How did scientists find graphene in lunar soil?</h2>

The scientists started studying a 2.9 x 1.6 mm, olive-shaped speck of lunar soil which was brought to Earth in 2020 by Chang’e 5 mission.&nbsp;

Also Read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/moon-is-going-far-away-from-the-earth-will-it-disappear-soon-from-night-sky-746236">Moon is going far away from the Earth. Will it disappear soon from night sky?</a>

The researchers analysed the minuscule piece for only the hunt for Graphene.&nbsp;

It is known that Graphene is a unique substance which is filled with carbon atoms arranged in a thin and layered structure. Because of this, graphene has unique properties which makes it a super material in the field of electrics, optics and mechanics.

These properties and shapes of such graphene structures are formed because of their formation process, which paints a beautiful trail in the cosmos.&nbsp;

With the use of a specialised spectrometer, the scientists found a particular iron compound inside a carbon-rich section of the lunar sample. which stated that it is linked with the formation of graphene.

<h2>Why is graphene discovery on the Moon important?</h2>

The finding of graphene in lunar soil shows that the geological history&nbsp;of the Moon may have undergone a paradigm shift.&nbsp;

Watch:&nbsp;Moon Drifting Away From Earth Approximately 3.8 Centimeter Per Year - Study

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The properties of graphene, like exceptional conductivity and strength, are expected to have implications on the development of lunar technologies.

The researchers are now trying to understand how they can use this material for constructing lightweight and durable structures on the Moon and also design advanced electronics which can operate in extreme lunar conditions.

(With inputs from agencies)

Scientists have stumbled upon a "wonder material" in the soil of the Moon which is known as graphene. The researchers have found that there are few layers of graphene flakes present on the moon soil which occur naturally.

Scientists have stumbled upon a "wonder material" in the soil of the Moon which is known as graphene. The researchers have found that there are few layers of graphene flakes present on the moon soil which occur naturally. Graphene refers to the organised and layered structure of carbon atoms. A group of researchers - which included Professors Meng Zou and Wei Zhang, senior engineer Xiujuan Li from Jilin University, and Wencai Ren from the Chinese Academy of Sciences’ Institute of Metal Research - led the study. How did scientists find graphene in lunar soil? The scientists started studying a 2.9 x 1.6 mm, olive-shaped speck of lunar soil which was brought to Earth in 2020 by Chang’e 5 mission. Also Read: Moon is going far away from the Earth. Will it disappear soon from night sky? The researchers analysed the minuscule piece for only the hunt for Graphene. It is known that Graphene is a unique substance which is filled with carbon atoms arranged in a thin and layered structure. Because of this, graphene has unique properties which makes it a super material in the field of electrics, optics and mechanics. These properties and shapes of such graphene structures are formed because of their formation process, which paints a beautiful trail in the cosmos. With the use of a specialised spectrometer, the scientists found a particular iron compound inside a carbon-rich section of the lunar sample. which stated that it is linked with the formation of graphene. Why is graphene discovery on the Moon important? The finding of graphene in lunar soil shows that the geological history of the Moon may have undergone a paradigm shift. Watch: Moon Drifting Away From Earth Approximately 3.8 Centimeter Per Year - Study The properties of graphene, like exceptional conductivity and strength, are expected to have implications on the development of lunar technologies. The researchers are now trying to understand how they can use this material for constructing lightweight and durable structures on the Moon and also design advanced electronics which can operate in extreme lunar conditions. (With inputs from agencies)

Moon has graphene in its soil. Here's all about this 'wonder material'

Scientists are stunned to find an iceberg - which is twice as big as Greater London - continuously spinning on one spot for the last eight months near Antarctica.&nbsp;

The world's largest iceberg A23a was caught in a massive rotating cylinder of water, which is called as Taylor Column, in December and since then has been rotating at nearly 15 degrees a day.&nbsp;

Because of this constant rotation, the massive frozen block has stopped from melting and fragmenting, said the scientists, while speaking to&nbsp;BBC and added that A23a has the chances of getting trapped in the vortex for years.

Also Read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/us-florida-braces-for-new-storm-as-tropical-wave-brews-in-the-central-atlantic-745694">US: Florida braces for new storm as tropical wave brews in the central Atlantic</a>

Speaking about the iceberg, Polar expert Professor Mark Brandon said, "Usually you think of icebergs as being transient things; they fragment and melt away. But not this one. A23a is the iceberg that just refuses to die."

<h2>All about Iceberg A23a - world's largest surviving iceberg&nbsp;</h2>

A23a is the world's largest iceberg to date after it broke from the Antarctic's Filchner Ice Shelf in August 1986.&nbsp;

According to the experts, the iceberg moved only a few hundred miles before it got stuck or was 'grounded' on the ocean floor and eventually became stationary for the next 30 years.

The 'ground' of the icebergs on the ocean floor is a little deeper in comparison to the depth of the water.&nbsp;

As per the scientists, the iceberg was on the move in November and was getting carried northwards by wind and ocean currents.

Watch:&nbsp;China’s weather extremes threaten the country with flooding and heat

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It was estimated that the surface area of the iceberg is 1,500 square miles and its volume is 263 cubic miles. The mass of the iceberg is below one trillion tonnes.

Because of this, the iceberg is not only four times as big as Greater London but is also 100 million times as heavy as the Eiffel Tower in Paris.

Before this, iceberg A76 - which had detached itself from the ice shelf in the Weddell Sea in May 2021, was the largest one but it later fragmented into three pieces.

The scientists fear that such a huge iceberg can disrupt the feeding routines of wildlife like penguins.

"It depends on its trajectory, but there is potential for impact to wildlife if it approaches any of the sub-Antarctic islands,' said a British Antarctic Survey (BAS) spokesperson, while speaking to MailOnline.

(With inputs from agencies)

Scientists are stunned to find an iceberg - which is twice as big as Greater London - continuously spinning on one spot for the last eight months near Antarctica.

Scientists are stunned to find an iceberg - which is twice as big as Greater London - continuously spinning on one spot for the last eight months near Antarctica. The world's largest iceberg A23a was caught in a massive rotating cylinder of water, which is called as Taylor Column, in December and since then has been rotating at nearly 15 degrees a day. Because of this constant rotation, the massive frozen block has stopped from melting and fragmenting, said the scientists, while speaking to BBC and added that A23a has the chances of getting trapped in the vortex for years. Also Read: US: Florida braces for new storm as tropical wave brews in the central Atlantic Speaking about the iceberg, Polar expert Professor Mark Brandon said, "Usually you think of icebergs as being transient things; they fragment and melt away. But not this one. A23a is the iceberg that just refuses to die." All about Iceberg A23a - world's largest surviving iceberg A23a is the world's largest iceberg to date after it broke from the Antarctic's Filchner Ice Shelf in August 1986. According to the experts, the iceberg moved only a few hundred miles before it got stuck or was 'grounded' on the ocean floor and eventually became stationary for the next 30 years. The 'ground' of the icebergs on the ocean floor is a little deeper in comparison to the depth of the water. As per the scientists, the iceberg was on the move in November and was getting carried northwards by wind and ocean currents. Watch: China’s weather extremes threaten the country with flooding and heat It was estimated that the surface area of the iceberg is 1,500 square miles and its volume is 263 cubic miles. The mass of the iceberg is below one trillion tonnes. Because of this, the iceberg is not only four times as big as Greater London but is also 100 million times as heavy as the Eiffel Tower in Paris. Before this, iceberg A76 - which had detached itself from the ice shelf in the Weddell Sea in May 2021, was the largest one but it later fragmented into three pieces. The scientists fear that such a huge iceberg can disrupt the feeding routines of wildlife like penguins. "It depends on its trajectory, but there is potential for impact to wildlife if it approaches any of the sub-Antarctic islands,' said a British Antarctic Survey (BAS) spokesperson, while speaking to MailOnline. (With inputs from agencies)

Massive iceberg, twice the size of Greater London, is NOT melting for last eight months. Here's why

All modern-day spacecraft can fly autonomously, with minimal manual intervention. However, each spacecraft has the option for full manual control by the crew. Full manual control is a life-safer in contingency scenarios. Irrespective of how proven and reliable a spacecraft is, its crew members must be thoroughly proficient in manually steering the craft in space, docking with a space station, unlocking, de-orbiting for return to Earth, and much more.&nbsp;

As part of his M.Tech research, Indian astronaut candidate Group Captain Ajit Krishnan compared and evaluated the Russian approach and the American approach of manually steering the spacecraft and the spacecraft design followed by the two pioneering nations.&nbsp;

Originally fighter pilots of the Indian Air Force, Group Captain Krishnan and his three fellow astronaut candidates have completed their training at Russia's Yuri Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Centre, in 2021. Since then, they have been training at various facilities of ISRO and the Indian Air Force.&nbsp;

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/indian-astronauts-group-captain-shukla-nair-chosen-to-train-at-nasa-746660">Indian astronauts Group Captain Shubhanshu Shukla, Prashant Nair chosen to train at NASA</a>&nbsp;

The astronaut candidates have also been helping ISRO with designing and developing some components and interfaces of the Indian homegrown Gaganyaan spacecraft. In August, two of the four candidates will travel to the US to undergo advanced training at NASA's Johnson Space Center, in Houston, Texas.&nbsp;

"All operational spacecraft (astronaut capsules) such as SpaceX Crew Dragon, Russia's Soyuz, Boeing Starliner and even the future NASA Artemis Orion feature full manual controls that help the crew control the craft. However, each craft has a different type of interface and controls."

"As part of his research at the Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bengaluru, Ajit Krishnan compared the controls, interfaces, and crew orientation(angle of view from the craft to the outside) of the American and Russian systems," Pradipta Biswas,&nbsp;Associate Professor, IISc, and Ajit Krishnan's research guide, explained to WION.&nbsp;

Interestingly, the comparisons were done in virtual reality mode, using a commercially available VR headset and a special glove that restricts hand movement, thereby giving a feel of wearing a spaceflight suit. As part of the research, Ajit and a dozen of his fellow test pilots from the Indian Air Force's Aircraft Systems Testing Establishment (ASTE), tried manually steering the American and Russian spacecraft on a simulator that the IISc team had specifically developed for this purpose.&nbsp;

"The Russian Soyuz Spacecraft uses a control stick for steering, like the one in fighter planes, whereas the SpaceX crew Dragon uses a touchscreen panel," Prof Biswas explained. He added that the American craft offered a front view like in aircraft cockpits, while the Russian craft offered a bottom view where the astronauts would have to look below to see the earth.

Twelve ASTE test pilots and 12 civilians with minimal training operated the simulator and tried to manually steer both the American and Russian spacecraft in virtual reality mode. Their mission was to steer the orbiting spacecraft back to Earth. The group came up with very interesting findings.

According to Prof Biswas, the entire group found the Russian craft and its bottom-view, control stick much more user-friendly and intuitive. While virtually operating the Russian system, there was no significant time difference between the manner in which fighter pilots steered the craft and the manner in which amateur civilians did so.&nbsp;

It was also learnt that the American style of steering and operating by using a touchscreen control was more fuel efficient and economical, as opposed to the Russian control stick method. "We constantly keep moving a control stick and every movement of the control stick will spend some amount of fuel. Whereas, in the case of a touchscreen, we have to press the touch panel only when necessary and then the steering is done accordingly. Therefore, the touchscreen method uses up less fuel," Prof Biswas added.&nbsp;

The M.Tech research done by Group Captain Ajjt Krishnan is not connected to and will not have any bearing on India's Gaganyaan programme. However, the results of their study would be helpful for future projects involving spacecraft design, design of spacecraft controls and related systems.&nbsp;

The customized software that we have developed, the VR headset with eye tracker, and EEG tracker, can be used in the process of making decisions on how to design the various facets of an astronaut-carrying spacecraft and even passenger aircraft, Prof Biswas concluded.&nbsp;

All modern-day spacecraft can fly autonomously, with minimal manual intervention. However, each spacecraft has the option for full manual control by the crew. Full manual control is a life-safer in contingency scenarios.

All modern-day spacecraft can fly autonomously, with minimal manual intervention. However, each spacecraft has the option for full manual control by the crew. Full manual control is a life-safer in contingency scenarios. Irrespective of how proven and reliable a spacecraft is, its crew members must be thoroughly proficient in manually steering the craft in space, docking with a space station, unlocking, de-orbiting for return to Earth, and much more. As part of his M.Tech research, Indian astronaut candidate Group Captain Ajit Krishnan compared and evaluated the Russian approach and the American approach of manually steering the spacecraft and the spacecraft design followed by the two pioneering nations. Originally fighter pilots of the Indian Air Force, Group Captain Krishnan and his three fellow astronaut candidates have completed their training at Russia's Yuri Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Centre, in 2021. Since then, they have been training at various facilities of ISRO and the Indian Air Force. Also read | Indian astronauts Group Captain Shubhanshu Shukla, Prashant Nair chosen to train at NASA The astronaut candidates have also been helping ISRO with designing and developing some components and interfaces of the Indian homegrown Gaganyaan spacecraft. In August, two of the four candidates will travel to the US to undergo advanced training at NASA's Johnson Space Center, in Houston, Texas. "All operational spacecraft (astronaut capsules) such as SpaceX Crew Dragon, Russia's Soyuz, Boeing Starliner and even the future NASA Artemis Orion feature full manual controls that help the crew control the craft. However, each craft has a different type of interface and controls." "As part of his research at the Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bengaluru, Ajit Krishnan compared the controls, interfaces, and crew orientation(angle of view from the craft to the outside) of the American and Russian systems," Pradipta Biswas, Associate Professor, IISc, and Ajit Krishnan's research guide, explained to WION. Interestingly, the comparisons were done in virtual reality mode, using a commercially available VR headset and a special glove that restricts hand movement, thereby giving a feel of wearing a spaceflight suit. As part of the research, Ajit and a dozen of his fellow test pilots from the Indian Air Force's Aircraft Systems Testing Establishment (ASTE), tried manually steering the American and Russian spacecraft on a simulator that the IISc team had specifically developed for this purpose. "The Russian Soyuz Spacecraft uses a control stick for steering, like the one in fighter planes, whereas the SpaceX crew Dragon uses a touchscreen panel," Prof Biswas explained. He added that the American craft offered a front view like in aircraft cockpits, while the Russian craft offered a bottom view where the astronauts would have to look below to see the earth. Twelve ASTE test pilots and 12 civilians with minimal training operated the simulator and tried to manually steer both the American and Russian spacecraft in virtual reality mode. Their mission was to steer the orbiting spacecraft back to Earth. The group came up with very interesting findings. According to Prof Biswas, the entire group found the Russian craft and its bottom-view, control stick much more user-friendly and intuitive. While virtually operating the Russian system, there was no significant time difference between the manner in which fighter pilots steered the craft and the manner in which amateur civilians did so. It was also learnt that the American style of steering and operating by using a touchscreen control was more fuel efficient and economical, as opposed to the Russian control stick method. "We constantly keep moving a control stick and every movement of the control stick will spend some amount of fuel. Whereas, in the case of a touchscreen, we have to press the touch panel only when necessary and then the steering is done accordingly. Therefore, the touchscreen method uses up less fuel," Prof Biswas added. The M.Tech research done by Group Captain Ajjt Krishnan is not connected to and will not have any bearing on India's Gaganyaan programme. However, the results of their study would be helpful for future projects involving spacecraft design, design of spacecraft controls and related systems. The customized software that we have developed, the VR headset with eye tracker, and EEG tracker, can be used in the process of making decisions on how to design the various facets of an astronaut-carrying spacecraft and even passenger aircraft, Prof Biswas concluded.

US or Russian spacecraft: Which is user-friendly? Indian astronaut's research study gives details

Falcon 9, the reusable rocket from Elon Musk's SpaceX, successfully launched into orbit 23 Starlink satellites on Sunday (Aug 4), days after its failed launch had led to the destruction of 20 of these internet service satellites.

The launch on Sunday took place at 12.24 am local time, SpaceX said on its website. The company gave real-time updates on the social media platform X, also owned by Musk.

"Falcon 9 launched 23 Starlink satellites to low-Earth orbit from Space Launch Complex 4 East (SLC-4E) at Vandenberg Space Force Base in California," the company said.

"This was the sixth flight for the first stage booster supporting this mission, which previously launched USSF-62 and five Starlink missions for Falcon."

Eight minutes after the successful launch, the Falcon 9's first stage landed back on Earth, neatly entering the SpaceX droneship 'Of Course I Still Love You' on the Pacific Ocean.&nbsp;

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Falcon 9 lands on the Of Course I Still Love You droneship, completing this booster’s sixth mission <a href="https://t.co/tPv4dV9fM4">pic.twitter.com/tPv4dV9fM4</a>
— SpaceX (@SpaceX) <a href="https://twitter.com/SpaceX/status/1819999988044423517?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">August 4, 2024</a></blockquote>
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Watch |&nbsp;Elon Musk's SpaceX is building a network of spy satellites for US intelligence: Report

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It was the sixth launch and landing for this particular booster, according to SpaceX.

"The Falcon 9's upper stage did its job as well, deploying the 23 Starlink satellites into low Earth orbit as planned," the company said on X. The other successful missions were on July 27, two on July 28 and one on August 2.

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Well done SpaceX 🚀 <a href="https://t.co/RWIp4TpEF6">pic.twitter.com/RWIp4TpEF6</a>
— Tesla Pablo 🔋 (@pablo9948967714) <a href="https://twitter.com/pablo9948967714/status/1820009560242888937?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">August 4, 2024</a></blockquote>
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<a href="https://www.wionews.com/trending/watch-spacex-completes-test-of-5000-tonne-starship-the-most-powerful-launch-vehicle-729822">Also read |&nbsp;Watch: SpaceX completes test of 5,000-tonne Starship, the most powerful launch vehicle</a>

On July 11, SpaceX lost 20 Starlink satellites after a failed mission by Falcon 9. The satellites were destroyed, falling down and burning upon re-entry to earth,&nbsp;after liquid oxygen leaked from Falcon rocket's upper stage. The leak resulted from a crack in the liquid-oxygen system's pressure sensors. 
 
That was the first in-flight failure of Falcon 9 since 2015.

(With inputs from agencies)

Falcon 9, the reusable rocket from Elon Musk's SpaceX, successfully launched into orbit 23 Starlink satellites on Sunday (Aug 4), days after its failed launch had led to the destruction of 20 of these internet service satellites.

Falcon 9, the reusable rocket from Elon Musk's SpaceX, successfully launched into orbit 23 Starlink satellites on Sunday (Aug 4), days after its failed launch had led to the destruction of 20 of these internet service satellites. The launch on Sunday took place at 12.24 am local time, SpaceX said on its website. The company gave real-time updates on the social media platform X, also owned by Musk. "Falcon 9 launched 23 Starlink satellites to low-Earth orbit from Space Launch Complex 4 East (SLC-4E) at Vandenberg Space Force Base in California," the company said. "This was the sixth flight for the first stage booster supporting this mission, which previously launched USSF-62 and five Starlink missions for Falcon." Eight minutes after the successful launch, the Falcon 9's first stage landed back on Earth, neatly entering the SpaceX droneship 'Of Course I Still Love You' on the Pacific Ocean. Falcon 9 lands on the Of Course I Still Love You droneship, completing this booster’s sixth mission pic.twitter.com/tPv4dV9fM4 — SpaceX (@SpaceX) August 4, 2024 × Watch | Elon Musk's SpaceX is building a network of spy satellites for US intelligence: Report × It was the sixth launch and landing for this particular booster, according to SpaceX. "The Falcon 9's upper stage did its job as well, deploying the 23 Starlink satellites into low Earth orbit as planned," the company said on X. The other successful missions were on July 27, two on July 28 and one on August 2. Well done SpaceX 🚀 pic.twitter.com/RWIp4TpEF6 — Tesla Pablo 🔋 (@pablo9948967714) August 4, 2024 × Also read | Watch: SpaceX completes test of 5,000-tonne Starship, the most powerful launch vehicle On July 11, SpaceX lost 20 Starlink satellites after a failed mission by Falcon 9. The satellites were destroyed, falling down and burning upon re-entry to earth, after liquid oxygen leaked from Falcon rocket's upper stage. The leak resulted from a crack in the liquid-oxygen system's pressure sensors. That was the first in-flight failure of Falcon 9 since 2015. (With inputs from agencies)

SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket successfully launches 23 Starlink satellites into orbit - Watch

Scientists have spotted a very strange activity in our Solar System. They observed that a comet was pushed out of the solar system by Saturn after a close encounter with the planet.&nbsp;

The comet, which was designated Comet A117uUD (A117uUD), was found by the&nbsp;Asteroid Terrestrial-impact Last Alert System (ATLAS) on June 14, 2024.

However, researchers took the help of 142 observations of the comet and helped to "wind back" its orbit around the Sun.

It was found that Comet A117uUD had a close encounter with Saturn in 2022 which changed the orbit of the comet.

Also Read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/strictly-speaking-earth-is-not-revolving-around-the-sun-currently-heres-what-it-means-740359">Strictly speaking, Earth is not revolving around the Sun currently. Here's what it means</a>

This encounter between the planet and the comet placed the latter on a highly flattened or elliptical orbit which was supposed to throw it out into interstellar space beyond the Sun's influence.

The team used models to predict the path of A117uUD and discovered that the comet would exit the solar system while flying at a speed of around 6,710 miles per hour (10,800 km/h).&nbsp;

In comparison, this speed is nearly four and a half times a Lockheed Martin F-16 jet fighter's top velocity.&nbsp;

<h2>History of comets exiting the Solar System</h2>

This is the second time a comet has been spotted on the verge of exiting the solar system.&nbsp;

The first one spotted was Comet C/1980 E1 (Bowell) which was placed on the escape path of the Solar System after its encounter with Jupiter on December 9, 1980.

"Our results show that the case of comet A117uUD is similar to that of C/1980 E1 (Bowell), disfavoring an extrasolar origin for A117uUD," said the team, which wrote the research in a paper published in the journal&nbsp;Research Notes of the AAS.&nbsp;

"The fact that two ejections after planetary encounter were observed in less than 45 years suggests that such events are relatively frequent," he added.&nbsp;

Watch:&nbsp;Earth's days may be getting little longer: Unveiling the planet's mysteries

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However, the scientists were not clear if A117uUD was a solar system body which was destined to exit the home planetary system.&nbsp;

When the icy space rock was first analysed by the team behind this discovery, they believed its hyperbolic orbit could indicate that probably it was one of the intruders into our solar system.&nbsp;

(With inputs from agencies)

Scientists have spotted a very strange activity in our Solar System. They observed that a comet was pushed out of the solar system by Saturn after a close encounter with the planet.

Scientists have spotted a very strange activity in our Solar System. They observed that a comet was pushed out of the solar system by Saturn after a close encounter with the planet. The comet, which was designated Comet A117uUD (A117uUD), was found by the Asteroid Terrestrial-impact Last Alert System (ATLAS) on June 14, 2024. However, researchers took the help of 142 observations of the comet and helped to "wind back" its orbit around the Sun. It was found that Comet A117uUD had a close encounter with Saturn in 2022 which changed the orbit of the comet. Also Read: Strictly speaking, Earth is not revolving around the Sun currently. Here's what it means This encounter between the planet and the comet placed the latter on a highly flattened or elliptical orbit which was supposed to throw it out into interstellar space beyond the Sun's influence. The team used models to predict the path of A117uUD and discovered that the comet would exit the solar system while flying at a speed of around 6,710 miles per hour (10,800 km/h). In comparison, this speed is nearly four and a half times a Lockheed Martin F-16 jet fighter's top velocity. History of comets exiting the Solar System This is the second time a comet has been spotted on the verge of exiting the solar system. The first one spotted was Comet C/1980 E1 (Bowell) which was placed on the escape path of the Solar System after its encounter with Jupiter on December 9, 1980. "Our results show that the case of comet A117uUD is similar to that of C/1980 E1 (Bowell), disfavoring an extrasolar origin for A117uUD," said the team, which wrote the research in a paper published in the journal Research Notes of the AAS. "The fact that two ejections after planetary encounter were observed in less than 45 years suggests that such events are relatively frequent," he added. Watch: Earth's days may be getting little longer: Unveiling the planet's mysteries However, the scientists were not clear if A117uUD was a solar system body which was destined to exit the home planetary system. When the icy space rock was first analysed by the team behind this discovery, they believed its hyperbolic orbit could indicate that probably it was one of the intruders into our solar system. (With inputs from agencies)

Saturn kicks out a comet outside our solar system at a scary speed of 6,700 mph. Here's how

NASA issued a sudden warning after a massive 410-foot asteroid '2024 OC' was spotted hurtling towards Earth at a scary speed on August 4 (Sunday) to make its closest approach at 16:10 UTC.&nbsp;

The asteroid, which is as big as a large building, will fly by Earth at a dangerous speed of 35,986 km/h. Asteroid 2024 OC is part of the Apollo asteroids which have been making their closest approach to Earth recently.&nbsp;

These asteroids are near-Earth objects (NEOs) and have orbits that cross the path of the Earth. Although most NEOs do not carry the risk of impact, some of them are considered potentially hazardous asteroids (PHAs) and need closer monitoring.&nbsp;

The asteroids which are larger than about 460 feet (140 metres) and have orbits which bring them at a distance of 7.5 million kilometres from the orbit of the Earth are considered as potentially hazardous.&nbsp;

Also Read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/double-asteroid-threat-nasa-says-two-massive-space-rocks-to-make-scary-flyby-earth-today-746263">Double asteroid threat! NASA says two massive space rocks to make scary flyby Earth today</a>

Even though 2024 OC is sizable, it is expected to pass by Earth at a safe distance of 7.4 million kilometres. Even though it is making a close approach, the asteroid fails to meet the criteria of a PHA because of its slightly smaller size.&nbsp;

However, NASA has been tracking such objects to ensure that Earth does not face any danger.

<h2>What will happen if asteroid 2024 OC hits Earth?&nbsp;</h2>

If Earth is hit by an asteroid the size of 2024 OC, it will have a significant impact on the planet.&nbsp;

A building-sized asteroid can lead to widespread destruction, form a large crater and also result in regional damage.&nbsp;

The asteroid impact can also cause catastrophic effects on the environment and result in the loss of life and property.&nbsp;

However, the monitoring efforts of NASA will ensure that 2024 OC will pass by the Earth without leading to any harm.

<h2>How is NASA tracking asteroids?</h2>

NASA, along with other space agencies, has established a network of telescopes and advanced computing for identifying near-Earth objects (NEOs).&nbsp;

Watch:&nbsp;Stuck in space for 52 days, no way home for astronauts; Helium leaks delaying return

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Even though many of the NEOs don't come very near to Earth, some of them do come at a scary distance and get tagged as potentially hazardous asteroids which need more attention.&nbsp;

Such asteroids are more than 460 feet (140 metres) in size and their orbits bring them within a distance of 7.5 million kilometres from Earth. NASA's Center for Near-Earth Object Studies (CNEOS) has been monitoring all the NEOs and looking for any potential impact risks.

(With inputs from agencies)

NASA issued a sudden warning after a massive 410-foot asteroid '2024 OC' was spotted hurtling towards Earth at a scary speed on August 4 (Sunday) to make its closest approach at 16:10 UTC.

NASA issued a sudden warning after a massive 410-foot asteroid '2024 OC' was spotted hurtling towards Earth at a scary speed on August 4 (Sunday) to make its closest approach at 16:10 UTC. The asteroid, which is as big as a large building, will fly by Earth at a dangerous speed of 35,986 km/h. Asteroid 2024 OC is part of the Apollo asteroids which have been making their closest approach to Earth recently. These asteroids are near-Earth objects (NEOs) and have orbits that cross the path of the Earth. Although most NEOs do not carry the risk of impact, some of them are considered potentially hazardous asteroids (PHAs) and need closer monitoring. The asteroids which are larger than about 460 feet (140 metres) and have orbits which bring them at a distance of 7.5 million kilometres from the orbit of the Earth are considered as potentially hazardous. Also Read: Double asteroid threat! NASA says two massive space rocks to make scary flyby Earth today Even though 2024 OC is sizable, it is expected to pass by Earth at a safe distance of 7.4 million kilometres. Even though it is making a close approach, the asteroid fails to meet the criteria of a PHA because of its slightly smaller size. However, NASA has been tracking such objects to ensure that Earth does not face any danger. What will happen if asteroid 2024 OC hits Earth? If Earth is hit by an asteroid the size of 2024 OC, it will have a significant impact on the planet. A building-sized asteroid can lead to widespread destruction, form a large crater and also result in regional damage. The asteroid impact can also cause catastrophic effects on the environment and result in the loss of life and property. However, the monitoring efforts of NASA will ensure that 2024 OC will pass by the Earth without leading to any harm. How is NASA tracking asteroids? NASA, along with other space agencies, has established a network of telescopes and advanced computing for identifying near-Earth objects (NEOs). Watch: Stuck in space for 52 days, no way home for astronauts; Helium leaks delaying return Even though many of the NEOs don't come very near to Earth, some of them do come at a scary distance and get tagged as potentially hazardous asteroids which need more attention. Such asteroids are more than 460 feet (140 metres) in size and their orbits bring them within a distance of 7.5 million kilometres from Earth. NASA's Center for Near-Earth Object Studies (CNEOS) has been monitoring all the NEOs and looking for any potential impact risks. (With inputs from agencies)

NASA on alert after 410ft massive asteroid suddenly spotted hurtling towards Earth. If it hits...

NASA is now running on a critical deadline of 19 days to bring back astronauts Sunita Williams and Butch Wilmore from the ISS who are stuck in space because their Boeing Starliner spacecraft has encountered some technical issues.

There have been malfunctions in the thruster and helium system because of which their return has been delayed and now the 19-day deadline has emerged because the Crew-9 mission nears.&nbsp;

The engineers have been tirelessly working to resolve the issues along with considering the potential alternatives, including a SpaceX Dragon capsule, to ensure the safe return of the astronauts amidst a challenging mission.

The Starliner had docked at the ISS on June 13, 2024, and was earlier scheduled to make a comeback to Earth after completing a week-long mission.

Butch Wilmore and Sunita Williams launched from Cape Canaveral Space Force Station on June 5, 2024, in Florida.

<h2>How did the Starliner get stuck in space?</h2>

The aim of the mission was to test the Starliner in their first manned flight, which is a major milestone for the commercial crew programme of Boeing.

The spacecraft was able to dock with the ISS successfully, however, as it approached, five of its 28 thrusters had shut down unexpectedly.

Also Read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/when-will-sunita-williams-return-home-from-space-indian-origin-astronaut-speaks-from-space-739714">When will Sunita Williams return home? Indian-origin astronaut speaks from space</a>

Also, the engineers found five small helium leaks in the service module of the spacecraft. Because of these issues, the Starliner was not able to safely undock and return to Earth.

NASA and&nbsp;Boeing's&nbsp;engineers are now working continuously to solve the issues with the Starliner.&nbsp;

NASA’s commercial crew program manager, Steve Stich, said that they have not yet determined a return timeline for Williams and Wilmore.

The thrusters and helium systems of the spacecraft are important for its safe re-entry into the atmosphere of the Earth and any malfunction can pose a significant risk to the safety of the astronauts.&nbsp;

<h2>Why is NASA facing the deadline and how it is complicating astronauts' rescue?</h2>

The rescue mission of the astronauts is facing a complication because the upcoming Crew-9 mission needs the docking ports at the ISS which is currently accommodated by the Starliner.&nbsp;

The Crew-9 mission will be launched on August 18, 2024 and will transport NASA astronauts Zena Cardman, Nick Hague, and Stephanie Wilson, along with Roscosmos cosmonaut Alexander Gorbunov, to the ISS through a SpaceX&nbsp;Dragon spacecraft.&nbsp;

&nbsp;The Crew-9's arrival has added urgency to the situation as the docking port needs to be cleared for which the Starliner needs to be moved.

Watch:&nbsp;China space rocket blows up, causes massive fireball

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If the Starliner doesn't become operative, NASA will have to find alternative methods to bring Williams and Wilmore back to Earth, which also includes chances of using a SpaceX Dragon capsule.

Speaking about the concerns raised regarding Starliner's performance and safety, Commander Wilmore said that they are confident about returning safely.&nbsp;

"We're absolutely confident," he said, as he spoke about the readiness of the team to adapt procedures based on new data.

As the deadline approaches, the world continues to watch how NASA will resolve this crisis and end this critical mission successfully.

(With inputs from agencies)&nbsp;

NASA is now running on a critical deadline of 19 days to bring back astronauts Sunita Williams and Butch Wilmore from the ISS who are stuck in space because their Boeing Starliner spacecraft has encountered some technical issues.

NASA is now running on a critical deadline of 19 days to bring back astronauts Sunita Williams and Butch Wilmore from the ISS who are stuck in space because their Boeing Starliner spacecraft has encountered some technical issues. There have been malfunctions in the thruster and helium system because of which their return has been delayed and now the 19-day deadline has emerged because the Crew-9 mission nears. The engineers have been tirelessly working to resolve the issues along with considering the potential alternatives, including a SpaceX Dragon capsule, to ensure the safe return of the astronauts amidst a challenging mission. The Starliner had docked at the ISS on June 13, 2024, and was earlier scheduled to make a comeback to Earth after completing a week-long mission. Butch Wilmore and Sunita Williams launched from Cape Canaveral Space Force Station on June 5, 2024, in Florida. How did the Starliner get stuck in space? The aim of the mission was to test the Starliner in their first manned flight, which is a major milestone for the commercial crew programme of Boeing. The spacecraft was able to dock with the ISS successfully, however, as it approached, five of its 28 thrusters had shut down unexpectedly. Also Read: When will Sunita Williams return home? Indian-origin astronaut speaks from space Also, the engineers found five small helium leaks in the service module of the spacecraft. Because of these issues, the Starliner was not able to safely undock and return to Earth. NASA and Boeing's engineers are now working continuously to solve the issues with the Starliner. NASA’s commercial crew program manager, Steve Stich, said that they have not yet determined a return timeline for Williams and Wilmore. The thrusters and helium systems of the spacecraft are important for its safe re-entry into the atmosphere of the Earth and any malfunction can pose a significant risk to the safety of the astronauts. Why is NASA facing the deadline and how it is complicating astronauts' rescue? The rescue mission of the astronauts is facing a complication because the upcoming Crew-9 mission needs the docking ports at the ISS which is currently accommodated by the Starliner. The Crew-9 mission will be launched on August 18, 2024 and will transport NASA astronauts Zena Cardman, Nick Hague, and Stephanie Wilson, along with Roscosmos cosmonaut Alexander Gorbunov, to the ISS through a SpaceX Dragon spacecraft. The Crew-9's arrival has added urgency to the situation as the docking port needs to be cleared for which the Starliner needs to be moved. Watch: China space rocket blows up, causes massive fireball If the Starliner doesn't become operative, NASA will have to find alternative methods to bring Williams and Wilmore back to Earth, which also includes chances of using a SpaceX Dragon capsule. Speaking about the concerns raised regarding Starliner's performance and safety, Commander Wilmore said that they are confident about returning safely. "We're absolutely confident," he said, as he spoke about the readiness of the team to adapt procedures based on new data. As the deadline approaches, the world continues to watch how NASA will resolve this crisis and end this critical mission successfully. (With inputs from agencies)

NASA is running on critical 19-day deadline to bring Sunita Williams from space. Here's why

The intense solar wind streams which have been slamming the magnetic field of Earth - also known as the magnetosphere - have led to some major changes.&nbsp;

The solar winds have formed the sunward side of the magnetosphere which is called a bow shock and has stretched the magnetic field in the shape of a wind sock with a long tail&nbsp;on the nightside.

The solar wind went through dramatic changes and has altered the dynamics and structure of the magnetosphere.

<h2>Powerful CMEs disrupting Earth's magnetosphere&nbsp;</h2>

In an article published&nbsp;in&nbsp;Geophysical Research Letters, Li‐Jen Chen and his colleagues reported that there were unprecedented observations of a rare phenomenon which has been created during a&nbsp;coronal mass ejection&nbsp;(CME).

It was observed that CMEs move faster in comparison to the Alfvén speed, which is the speed at which vibrating&nbsp;magnetic field lines move across magnetized plasma that can vary with the plasma environment.&nbsp;

Also Read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/strictly-speaking-earth-is-not-revolving-around-the-sun-currently-heres-what-it-means-740359">Strictly speaking, Earth is not revolving around the Sun currently. Here's what it means</a>

In 2023, a CME disrupted the normal configuration of the magnetosphere of Earth for nearly two hours.&nbsp;

The observations from NASA's Magnetospheric Multiscale Mission (MMS) were analysed by the researchers.

The MMS spacecraft on April 24, 2023, observed that although the solar wind's streaming speed was fast, the Alfvén speed noticed amid strong CME was even faster. Generally, solar wind&nbsp;travels faster in comparison to Alfvén's speed.&nbsp;

This anomaly causes the&nbsp;bow shock in Earth to temporarily disappear and let the plasma and magnetic field from the Sun interact directly with the magnetosphere.

<h2>What did the CMEs do to Earth's wind sock tail?</h2>

It was observed by scientists that the wind sock tail of the Earth was replaced by structures called Alfvén wings which formed a connection between the magnetosphere of the Earth to the recently erupted region of the sun.&nbsp;

This connection worked like a highway which was transporting plasma between the Sun and the magnetosphere.

Watch:&nbsp;Gravitas: Mysterious dark oxygen found on ocean floor

<div class="videoWrapper trancodeVideo"><iframe allowfullscreen="" autoplay="1" class="includeVideo" frameborder="0" height="350" src="https://www.wionews.com/videos/gravitas-mysterious-dark-oxygen-found-on-ocean-floor-743594/embed" style="width:100%;max-width:560px;" width="560"></iframe></div>

The unique CME event gave new insights into how the formation and evolution of the Alfvén wings took place, said the authors.

A similar process can take place near other magnetically active bodies in our solar system and universe and the observations of the researchers suggested that the auroras were formed on the moon of Jupiter, Ganymede, because of these Alfvén wings.&nbsp;

(With inputs from agencies)

The intense solar wind streams which have been slamming the magnetic field of Earth - also known as the magnetosphere - have led to some major changes. The solar winds have formed the sunward side of the magnetosphere which is called a bow shock and has stretched the magnetic field in the shape of a wind sock with a long tail on the nightside.

The intense solar wind streams which have been slamming the magnetic field of Earth - also known as the magnetosphere - have led to some major changes. The solar winds have formed the sunward side of the magnetosphere which is called a bow shock and has stretched the magnetic field in the shape of a wind sock with a long tail on the nightside. The solar wind went through dramatic changes and has altered the dynamics and structure of the magnetosphere. Powerful CMEs disrupting Earth's magnetosphere In an article published in Geophysical Research Letters, Li‐Jen Chen and his colleagues reported that there were unprecedented observations of a rare phenomenon which has been created during a coronal mass ejection (CME). It was observed that CMEs move faster in comparison to the Alfvén speed, which is the speed at which vibrating magnetic field lines move across magnetized plasma that can vary with the plasma environment. Also Read: Strictly speaking, Earth is not revolving around the Sun currently. Here's what it means In 2023, a CME disrupted the normal configuration of the magnetosphere of Earth for nearly two hours. The observations from NASA's Magnetospheric Multiscale Mission (MMS) were analysed by the researchers. The MMS spacecraft on April 24, 2023, observed that although the solar wind's streaming speed was fast, the Alfvén speed noticed amid strong CME was even faster. Generally, solar wind travels faster in comparison to Alfvén's speed. This anomaly causes the bow shock in Earth to temporarily disappear and let the plasma and magnetic field from the Sun interact directly with the magnetosphere. What did the CMEs do to Earth's wind sock tail? It was observed by scientists that the wind sock tail of the Earth was replaced by structures called Alfvén wings which formed a connection between the magnetosphere of the Earth to the recently erupted region of the sun. This connection worked like a highway which was transporting plasma between the Sun and the magnetosphere. Watch: Gravitas: Mysterious dark oxygen found on ocean floor The unique CME event gave new insights into how the formation and evolution of the Alfvén wings took place, said the authors. A similar process can take place near other magnetically active bodies in our solar system and universe and the observations of the researchers suggested that the auroras were formed on the moon of Jupiter, Ganymede, because of these Alfvén wings. (With inputs from agencies)

Sun's coronal mass ejection bombarded Earth, changed its magnetic field. Here's how

In a new study, the researchers have discovered that the world is not far away from the day when it will start experiencing apocalyptic weather events, which will eventually lead to doomsday.

The chain of catastrophic events is likely to start unfolding at any time in the next 6,000 years, as per the study.&nbsp;

A team of researchers from the Technical University of Munich and the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research have analysed and forecasted the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) is likely to collapse in the next decade and a half which will set the cycle of catastrophic climatic conditions.

The collapse is likely to redefine the weather and climate patterns of our planet and have far-reaching consequences on the ecosystems as well as human societies.

<h2>What is Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation?</h2>

Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) is the essential system function which is similar to a colossal oceanic conveyor belt.

This system sends warm surface water from the southern hemisphere to the chilly areas of the North Atlantic. The saltier and colder water moves down the ocean floor and flows south.

Also Read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/this-volcano-with-continuous-eruption-of-the-magma-is-sinking-inside-earth-heres-why-747008">This volcano, with continuous eruption of the magma, is sinking inside Earth. Here's why</a>

This system prevents overheating in the Southern Hemisphere and stops the Northern Hemisphere from freezing but also spreads life-nourishing nutrients across the marine ecosystems.

According to climate experts, the AMOC will weaken because of the melting ice and increase in greenhouse gases. According to the earlier predictions from historical data, a collapse is likely to happen between 2025 and 2095.

However, as per the new study, because of too many uncertainties, such predictions are not reliable.

With the help of various data sets and analyses, the AMOC's tipping times ranged between 2050 to 8065, which has given the researchers a 6,000-year window.

<h2>How will the catastrophic climatic conditions begin on Earth?</h2>

After the collapse of AMOC, the Northern Hemisphere is expected to get colder and the temperatures across Europe will drop dramatically.

Arctic ice will move southwards and the southern coast of England will be enveloped by it within a century.

Watch:&nbsp;Study: Secret aliens could be here on Earth already

<div class="videoWrapper trancodeVideo"><iframe allowfullscreen="" autoplay="1" class="includeVideo" frameborder="0" height="350" src="https://www.wionews.com/videos/study-secret-aliens-could-be-here-on-earth-already-731848/embed" style="width:100%;max-width:560px;" width="560"></iframe></div>

Mean temperatures in parts of North America and Europe will drop significantly.

In the Amazon rainforest, the wet seasons will be reversed to dry seasons and in coastal cities, the sea level will increase faster.

Speaking about the study, lead author Maya Ben-Yami said, "Our research is both a wake-up call and a cautionary tale. There are things we still can't predict, and we need to invest in better data and a more in-depth understanding of the systems in question. The stakes are too high to rely on shaky predictions."&nbsp;

(With inputs from agencies)

In a new study, the researchers have discovered that the world is not far away from the day when it will start experiencing apocalyptic weather events, which will eventually lead to doomsday.

In a new study, the researchers have discovered that the world is not far away from the day when it will start experiencing apocalyptic weather events, which will eventually lead to doomsday. The chain of catastrophic events is likely to start unfolding at any time in the next 6,000 years, as per the study. A team of researchers from the Technical University of Munich and the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research have analysed and forecasted the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) is likely to collapse in the next decade and a half which will set the cycle of catastrophic climatic conditions. The collapse is likely to redefine the weather and climate patterns of our planet and have far-reaching consequences on the ecosystems as well as human societies. What is Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation? Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) is the essential system function which is similar to a colossal oceanic conveyor belt. This system sends warm surface water from the southern hemisphere to the chilly areas of the North Atlantic. The saltier and colder water moves down the ocean floor and flows south. Also Read: This volcano, with continuous eruption of the magma, is sinking inside Earth. Here's why This system prevents overheating in the Southern Hemisphere and stops the Northern Hemisphere from freezing but also spreads life-nourishing nutrients across the marine ecosystems. According to climate experts, the AMOC will weaken because of the melting ice and increase in greenhouse gases. According to the earlier predictions from historical data, a collapse is likely to happen between 2025 and 2095. However, as per the new study, because of too many uncertainties, such predictions are not reliable. With the help of various data sets and analyses, the AMOC's tipping times ranged between 2050 to 8065, which has given the researchers a 6,000-year window. How will the catastrophic climatic conditions begin on Earth? After the collapse of AMOC, the Northern Hemisphere is expected to get colder and the temperatures across Europe will drop dramatically. Arctic ice will move southwards and the southern coast of England will be enveloped by it within a century. Watch: Study: Secret aliens could be here on Earth already Mean temperatures in parts of North America and Europe will drop significantly. In the Amazon rainforest, the wet seasons will be reversed to dry seasons and in coastal cities, the sea level will increase faster. Speaking about the study, lead author Maya Ben-Yami said, "Our research is both a wake-up call and a cautionary tale. There are things we still can't predict, and we need to invest in better data and a more in-depth understanding of the systems in question. The stakes are too high to rely on shaky predictions." (With inputs from agencies)

An apocalypse can occur anytime after 2050. Here's how it will begin and end the world

Earth has a weird volcano located in Tanzania which, while continuously erupting carbonatite lava, is also sinking inside the ground at a speed of 1.4 inches per annum in the last decade.

Earth has a weird volcano located in Tanzania which, while continuously erupting carbonatite lava, is also sinking inside the ground at a speed of 1.4 inches per annum in the last decade. The Ol Doinyo Lengai volcano is filled with magma which has been erupting beyond the ground hose but at the same time sinking for the past 10 years, according to a new study. The scientists believe that the volcano is sinking because of the deflating reservoir which is located just beneath the two craters of the volcano. Here's what the study says about Ol Doinyo Lengai volcano In the new research, it has been found that the ground near the summit of Ol Doinyo Lengai volcano - which is present along the active rift zone in East Africa - has been sinking at the rate of 1.4 inches (3.6 centimetres) every year between 2013 and 2023. Also Read: Researchers discover first deep-snouted tyrannosaur in Southern China This meant that the 9,718-foot-tall (2,962 meters) volcano shrank by nearly 1.2 feet (36 cm) during the study, which was published in the journal Geophysical Research Letters on June 8. The data collected from two satellite systems, Sentinel-1 and Cosmo-SkyMed, was used by the researchers to produce maps which showed the changes taking place in the ground around Ol Doinyo Lengai through time. In the maps, a circular patch of ground was seen around the northern crater of the volcano, which indicated that it was "moving away from the satellite with a steady rate of displacement over time," said the researchers, in the study. Rare volcano Ol Doinyo Lengai boasts of extremely runny magma This volcano is the only one existing on Earth which has an actively erupting and extremely runny carbonatite magma. The magma is saturated with alkali elements, like calcium and sodium and is poor in silica. Volcanologist and associate professor at Denison University in Ohio Erik Klemetti, in a Wired article, wrote, "If you had to pick the most unique volcano on Earth, you'd be hard-pressed to find a better candidate than Tanzania's Ol Doinyo Lengai". The lava which is flowing from Ol Doinyo Lengai is "some of the strangest stuff you'll ever see," he said, adding that it is producing weird "garden hose" eruptions which will leave behind white stains. Watch: Europe: Footage shows explosive Mount Etna eruption In earlier research, it was said that the newly-blasted crater is likely to be subsiding, however, as per the new study, the crater's upper slopes have started sinking since 2013. As per the study, the likely cause for this sinking volcano was the deflating magma reservoir, which is located 3,300 feet (1,000 m) under the volcano. "The geometry and characteristics of the shallow magma plumbing system below Ol Doinyo Lengai remain elusive," wrote the researchers, in the study. There was a hint of a shallow reservoir in the previous studies. It is likely that this reservoir is connected to a bigger magma storage area of 9,900 feet (3,000 m) or is located deeper beneath the volcano, as per the study. (With inputs from agencies)

This volcano, with continuous eruption of magma, is sinking inside Earth. Here's why

An unmanned submersible robot named 'Ran' has offered scientists a sneak peek into the mysterious and never-known world existing beneath the Antarctic ice shelves which have been melting in the wake of climate change.&nbsp;

The robot, which has cutting-edge sonar, spent 27 days travelling underneath the Dotson Ice Shelf which covers a wide expanse of 1000 kilometres and reveals the never-before-seen details regarding these icy expanses.

<h2>All about Antarctic Dotson Ice Shelf melt</h2>

The Dotson Ice Shelf is an important place located in West Antarctica. They are not at all flat but have passive expanses of ice shelves which keep evolving.&nbsp;

They have thick bodies of glacial ice which are sustained by land-based glaciers. What makes these ice shelves unique is the fact that they float at the top of the sea and ice shelf cavities exist beneath them.

Also Read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/antarctic-temperatures-rise-10c-above-average-experts-are-calling-it-a-near-record-heatwave-746539">Antarctic temperatures rise 10C above average, experts are calling it a near-record heatwave</a>

In its recent mission, Ran focused on one cavity which unravelled new secrets regarding the melting patterns and structures of the ice shelves.

The Dotson Ice Shelf also plays an important role in the overall stability of the West Antarctic ice sheet and how the sea levels will rise in future because of their size and location.

<h2>What's hidden beneath the ice sheets of Antarctica?</h2>

In the glacial exploration, it was found that the ice was melting faster where its base was eroded by strong underwater currents.&nbsp;

However, the scientists were left stunned after finding the irregularity of the base itself.

It was discovered that the surface beneath Antarctica is not smooth, but the underwater landscape is filled with peaks, valleys, plateaus and formations similar to sand dunes.

According to the team, these features are likely to have been formed by flowing water under the influence of rotation of the Earth.

Watch:&nbsp;Climate change is raising intensity of typhoon

<div class="videoWrapper trancodeVideo"><iframe allowfullscreen="" autoplay="1" class="includeVideo" frameborder="0" height="350" src="https://www.wionews.com/videos/climate-change-is-raisin-intensity-of-typhoon-746193/embed" style="width:100%;max-width:560px;" width="560"></iframe></div>

“By navigating the submersible into the cavity, we were able to get high-resolution maps of the ice underside. It’s a bit like seeing the back of the moon for the first time,” stated lead author Anna Wåhlin, Professor of Oceanography at the&nbsp;University of Gothenburg&nbsp;in Sweden.

The researchers have decided to again carry out the survey and document any changes. This time, the team could carry out only one dive before the robot was lost beneath the ice.

“Although we got valuable data back, we did not get all we had hoped for,” said Prof Wåhlin.

(With inputs from agencies)

An unmanned submersible robot named 'Ran' has offered scientists a sneak peek into the mysterious and never-known world existing beneath the Antarctic ice shelves which have been melting in the wake of climate change.

An unmanned submersible robot named 'Ran' has offered scientists a sneak peek into the mysterious and never-known world existing beneath the Antarctic ice shelves which have been melting in the wake of climate change. The robot, which has cutting-edge sonar, spent 27 days travelling underneath the Dotson Ice Shelf which covers a wide expanse of 1000 kilometres and reveals the never-before-seen details regarding these icy expanses. All about Antarctic Dotson Ice Shelf melt The Dotson Ice Shelf is an important place located in West Antarctica. They are not at all flat but have passive expanses of ice shelves which keep evolving. They have thick bodies of glacial ice which are sustained by land-based glaciers. What makes these ice shelves unique is the fact that they float at the top of the sea and ice shelf cavities exist beneath them. Also Read: Antarctic temperatures rise 10C above average, experts are calling it a near-record heatwave In its recent mission, Ran focused on one cavity which unravelled new secrets regarding the melting patterns and structures of the ice shelves. The Dotson Ice Shelf also plays an important role in the overall stability of the West Antarctic ice sheet and how the sea levels will rise in future because of their size and location. What's hidden beneath the ice sheets of Antarctica? In the glacial exploration, it was found that the ice was melting faster where its base was eroded by strong underwater currents. However, the scientists were left stunned after finding the irregularity of the base itself. It was discovered that the surface beneath Antarctica is not smooth, but the underwater landscape is filled with peaks, valleys, plateaus and formations similar to sand dunes. According to the team, these features are likely to have been formed by flowing water under the influence of rotation of the Earth. Watch: Climate change is raising intensity of typhoon “By navigating the submersible into the cavity, we were able to get high-resolution maps of the ice underside. It’s a bit like seeing the back of the moon for the first time,” stated lead author Anna Wåhlin, Professor of Oceanography at the University of Gothenburg in Sweden. The researchers have decided to again carry out the survey and document any changes. This time, the team could carry out only one dive before the robot was lost beneath the ice. “Although we got valuable data back, we did not get all we had hoped for,” said Prof Wåhlin. (With inputs from agencies)

'RAN' robot reveals the 'never-known' world existing beneath the Antarctic ice sheets. Here's what it is

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