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In a novel method, the researchers and scientists will use artificial intelligence to examine 1.6 million brain scans and finally create a tool which can predict how much risk of dementia is present in a person.&nbsp;

The data from CT and MRI scans will be analysed by 20 experts with the use of artificial intelligence to discover patterns which can beforehand indicate the chances of a person developing such conditions.&nbsp;

The aim of the researchers is to create a digital tool which will help radiologists scan patients and determine their risk of dementia so that it gets diagnosed at an early stage.&nbsp;

Also Read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/entertainment/lifestyle/news-do-you-love-your-bacon-eating-processed-red-meat-can-add-to-your-dementia-risk-suggests-large-study-745973">Do you love your bacon? Eating processed red meat can add to your dementia risk, suggests large study</a>

According to the experts, if a patient group with a high risk of dementia is isolated, it will help in developing more precise treatments for different types of the condition, which includes Alzheimer's.

<h2>How scientists will use AI to determine the chances of Alzheimer's?</h2>

The team is filled with data scientists and clinical researchers from the universities of&nbsp;Edinburgh&nbsp;and Dundee. They have been working in a global research collaboration known as NEURii, which was started a year ago.

The scientists have decided to analyse up to 1.6 million images as part of the project. These images have been approved by the Public Benefit and Privacy Panel for Health and Social Care, which is a part of NHS Scotland.

The data will be safely stored in the Scottish National Safe Haven which the Public Health Scotland had commissioned to provide a secure platform for using NHS electronic data.

The project's co-leader Professor Will Whiteley of the University of Edinburgh's Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences said, "Better use of simple brain scans to predict dementia will lead to a better understanding of dementia and potentially earlier diagnosis of its causes, which in turn will make the development of new treatments easier."

Watch:&nbsp;Gravitas | Digital Dementia: Are you too showing the symptoms?

<div class="videoWrapper trancodeVideo"><iframe allowfullscreen="" autoplay="1" class="includeVideo" frameborder="0" height="350" src="https://www.wionews.com/videos/gravitas-digital-dementia-are-you-too-showing-the-symptoms-751794/embed" style="width:100%;max-width:560px;" width="560"></iframe></div>

"Currently treatments for dementia are expensive, scarce and of uncertain value. If we can collect data from a large group of people at high risk, who then give their consent to take part in trials, we can really start to develop new treatments," he added.

Meanwhile, an expert in AI and medical imaging at the University of Dundee, Professor Emanuele Trucco said, "This new data set will be of great use to neurological researchers. Should we establish a successful proof of concept, we will have a suite of software tools that are smoothly and unobtrusively integrated with routine radiology operations that assist clinical decision-making and flag the risk of dementia as early as possible."&nbsp;

(With inputs from agencies)

In a novel method, the researchers and scientists will use artificial intelligence to examine 1.6 million brain scans and finally create a tool which can predict how much risk of dementia is present in a person.

In a novel method, the researchers and scientists will use artificial intelligence to examine 1.6 million brain scans and finally create a tool which can predict how much risk of dementia is present in a person. The data from CT and MRI scans will be analysed by 20 experts with the use of artificial intelligence to discover patterns which can beforehand indicate the chances of a person developing such conditions. The aim of the researchers is to create a digital tool which will help radiologists scan patients and determine their risk of dementia so that it gets diagnosed at an early stage. Also Read: Do you love your bacon? Eating processed red meat can add to your dementia risk, suggests large study According to the experts, if a patient group with a high risk of dementia is isolated, it will help in developing more precise treatments for different types of the condition, which includes Alzheimer's. How scientists will use AI to determine the chances of Alzheimer's? The team is filled with data scientists and clinical researchers from the universities of Edinburgh and Dundee. They have been working in a global research collaboration known as NEURii, which was started a year ago. The scientists have decided to analyse up to 1.6 million images as part of the project. These images have been approved by the Public Benefit and Privacy Panel for Health and Social Care, which is a part of NHS Scotland. The data will be safely stored in the Scottish National Safe Haven which the Public Health Scotland had commissioned to provide a secure platform for using NHS electronic data. The project's co-leader Professor Will Whiteley of the University of Edinburgh's Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences said, "Better use of simple brain scans to predict dementia will lead to a better understanding of dementia and potentially earlier diagnosis of its causes, which in turn will make the development of new treatments easier." Watch: Gravitas | Digital Dementia: Are you too showing the symptoms? "Currently treatments for dementia are expensive, scarce and of uncertain value. If we can collect data from a large group of people at high risk, who then give their consent to take part in trials, we can really start to develop new treatments," he added. Meanwhile, an expert in AI and medical imaging at the University of Dundee, Professor Emanuele Trucco said, "This new data set will be of great use to neurological researchers. Should we establish a successful proof of concept, we will have a suite of software tools that are smoothly and unobtrusively integrated with routine radiology operations that assist clinical decision-making and flag the risk of dementia as early as possible." (With inputs from agencies)

AI to now help scientists create dementia risk tools by analysing 1.6mn brain scans

Scientists have been trying to find ways to make the Moon a habitat for humans which has sustainable resources required for life to thrive on it.&nbsp;

Taking this mammoth task a step ahead, the Chinese scientists are now trying to establish a mechanism to produce water on the Moon using lunar soil.&nbsp;

In the quest for life on the Moon, water has been the most important component, as it is needed for survival.&nbsp;

Also Read:<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/indias-chandrayaan-3-sends-home-lunar-bonanza-with-magma-theory-evidence-752146">&nbsp;India's Chandrayaan-3 sends home lunar bonanza with magma theory evidence</a>

Now, after finding some signs of water, scientists have attempted to produce water which can keep humans alive on the natural satellite.

Professor WANG Junqiang at the Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering (NIMTE) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) heads the team of scientists who have developed a way to create water from lunar soil.

<h2>How scientists are extracting drinking water from lunar soil?</h2>

The strategy for large-scale water production on the lunar surface has been created by researchers using a unique chemical reaction between endogenous hydrogen and lunar regolith. This reaction is set to help extract drinking water.

“We used lunar regolith samples brought back by the Chang’E-5 mission in our study, trying to find a way to produce&nbsp;water on the Moon,” said Professor WANG, as he underlined the importance of making use of authentic lunar material to ensure how reliable their experiment is.

In the experiments, it was seen that lunar regolith, when heated above 1,200 K using specially designed concave mirrors, led to the creation of one gramme of molten lunar regolith, which can produce around 51 to 76 mg of water.

According to this, one tonne of lunar regolith can produce more than 50 kg of water, which is equivalent to a hundred 500-ml bottles of drinking water.

Watch:&nbsp;Scientists find underground caves on moon

<div class="videoWrapper trancodeVideo"><iframe allowfullscreen="" autoplay="1" class="includeVideo" frameborder="0" height="350" src="https://www.wionews.com/videos/scientists-find-underground-caves-on-moon-741666/embed" style="width:100%;max-width:560px;" width="560"></iframe></div>

These many water bottles can provide drinking water&nbsp;to 50 people for an entire day, which highlights how this can sustain human life on Earth.

The researcher also noted that lunar ilmenite (FeTiO3) is an important mineral for water extraction.

The mineral, which is found abundantly in lunar regolith, was observed to be filled with the highest amount of solar wind-implanted&nbsp;hydrogen.

The scientists generating water using lunar soil can also electrochemically decompose it into hydrogen and oxygen, which can provide both breathable air and renewable energy sources for lunar inhabitants.

(With inputs from agencies)

Scientists have been trying to find ways to make the Moon a habitat for humans which has sustainable resources required for life to thrive on it. Taking this mammoth task a step ahead, the Chinese scientists are now trying to establish a mechanism to produce water on the Moon using lunar soil.

Scientists have been trying to find ways to make the Moon a habitat for humans which has sustainable resources required for life to thrive on it. Taking this mammoth task a step ahead, the Chinese scientists are now trying to establish a mechanism to produce water on the Moon using lunar soil. In the quest for life on the Moon, water has been the most important component, as it is needed for survival. Also Read: India's Chandrayaan-3 sends home lunar bonanza with magma theory evidence Now, after finding some signs of water, scientists have attempted to produce water which can keep humans alive on the natural satellite. Professor WANG Junqiang at the Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering (NIMTE) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) heads the team of scientists who have developed a way to create water from lunar soil. How scientists are extracting drinking water from lunar soil? The strategy for large-scale water production on the lunar surface has been created by researchers using a unique chemical reaction between endogenous hydrogen and lunar regolith. This reaction is set to help extract drinking water. “We used lunar regolith samples brought back by the Chang’E-5 mission in our study, trying to find a way to produce water on the Moon,” said Professor WANG, as he underlined the importance of making use of authentic lunar material to ensure how reliable their experiment is. In the experiments, it was seen that lunar regolith, when heated above 1,200 K using specially designed concave mirrors, led to the creation of one gramme of molten lunar regolith, which can produce around 51 to 76 mg of water. According to this, one tonne of lunar regolith can produce more than 50 kg of water, which is equivalent to a hundred 500-ml bottles of drinking water. Watch: Scientists find underground caves on moon These many water bottles can provide drinking water to 50 people for an entire day, which highlights how this can sustain human life on Earth. The researcher also noted that lunar ilmenite (FeTiO3) is an important mineral for water extraction. The mineral, which is found abundantly in lunar regolith, was observed to be filled with the highest amount of solar wind-implanted hydrogen. The scientists generating water using lunar soil can also electrochemically decompose it into hydrogen and oxygen, which can provide both breathable air and renewable energy sources for lunar inhabitants. (With inputs from agencies)

China is producing drinking water from lunar soil. Can humans turn Moon into a habitat?

Scientists have been investigating the core of the Earth, which has become home to some of the most “extreme features" of a planet hidden deep in underground.

Now new research has found that the mysterious zones, which are present in the deep mantle underneath some places where earthquake waves have slowly moved, may actually have been spread across the entire planet.

The existence of these zones in the Earth's lower mantle, which are ultra-low velocity zones&nbsp;(ULVZs), was already known to scientists. However, unlike the new idea that these zones are widespread, these zones were earlier said to be present in the regions where hot rock moves and creates volcanic island chains like Hawaii.&nbsp;

Also Read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/earth-hit-by-hundreds-of-meteorites-originating-from-only-5-craters-on-mars-752869">Hundreds of meteorites originating from only 5 craters on Mars hit Earth</a>

The experts have now discovered that these mysterious black hole zones can slow down seismic waves by around 50 per cent, however, scientists are unaware of what they are made of or what their exact role is in the process.

"Here's one of the most extreme features that we see anywhere inside the planet," said geophysicist Michael Thorne, of the University of Utah, while speaking to Live Science.

"And we don't know what they are, where they're coming from, what they're made of, [or] what role they play inside the Earth," he added.

<h2>Did meteors form these mysterious zones in Earth's mantle?</h2>

According to some researchers, the ULVZs may have been the remains of the giant impacts created by meteors which relentlessly bombarded the Earth.&nbsp;

However, as per Thorne, if they are ubiquitous, then that means such zones are getting generated actively even today.

He said that there are chances of volcanic rock basalt - which gets formed at mid-ocean ridges - making these wave-sucking structures.&nbsp;

Once this basalt enters into the mantle through subduction, it melts quickly and can form pockets which have slow seismic waves.

Watch:&nbsp;Earth slows down by 1.33 milliseconds

<div class="videoWrapper trancodeVideo"><iframe allowfullscreen="" autoplay="1" class="includeVideo" frameborder="0" height="350" src="https://www.wionews.com/videos/earth-slows-down-by-133-milliseconds-741345/embed" style="width:100%;max-width:560px;" width="560"></iframe></div>

Thorne and his team analysed the waves that&nbsp;were created by large, powerful earthquakes, called PKP waves.

Speaking to Live Science, Thorne said that his findings revealed something was slowing the earthquake waves dramatically from scattering their energy.

It was the valleys and ridges which were present along the core-mantle boundary which were slowing the earthquake waves, he said.

Thorne said that signatures of ULVZs were detected across the planet in North America, North Africa, East Asia, Papua New Guinea, the Pacific Northwest, and the western Pacific.

(With inputs from agencies)

Scientists have been investigating the core of the Earth, which has become home to some of the most “extreme features" of a planet hidden deep in underground. Now new research has found that the mysterious zones, which are present in the deep mantle underneath some places where earthquake waves have slowly moved, may actually have been spread across the entire planet.

Scientists have been investigating the core of the Earth, which has become home to some of the most “extreme features" of a planet hidden deep in underground. Now new research has found that the mysterious zones, which are present in the deep mantle underneath some places where earthquake waves have slowly moved, may actually have been spread across the entire planet. The existence of these zones in the Earth's lower mantle, which are ultra-low velocity zones (ULVZs), was already known to scientists. However, unlike the new idea that these zones are widespread, these zones were earlier said to be present in the regions where hot rock moves and creates volcanic island chains like Hawaii. Also Read: Hundreds of meteorites originating from only 5 craters on Mars hit Earth The experts have now discovered that these mysterious black hole zones can slow down seismic waves by around 50 per cent, however, scientists are unaware of what they are made of or what their exact role is in the process. "Here's one of the most extreme features that we see anywhere inside the planet," said geophysicist Michael Thorne, of the University of Utah, while speaking to Live Science. "And we don't know what they are, where they're coming from, what they're made of, [or] what role they play inside the Earth," he added. Did meteors form these mysterious zones in Earth's mantle? According to some researchers, the ULVZs may have been the remains of the giant impacts created by meteors which relentlessly bombarded the Earth. However, as per Thorne, if they are ubiquitous, then that means such zones are getting generated actively even today. He said that there are chances of volcanic rock basalt - which gets formed at mid-ocean ridges - making these wave-sucking structures. Once this basalt enters into the mantle through subduction, it melts quickly and can form pockets which have slow seismic waves. Watch: Earth slows down by 1.33 milliseconds Thorne and his team analysed the waves that were created by large, powerful earthquakes, called PKP waves. Speaking to Live Science, Thorne said that his findings revealed something was slowing the earthquake waves dramatically from scattering their energy. It was the valleys and ridges which were present along the core-mantle boundary which were slowing the earthquake waves, he said. Thorne said that signatures of ULVZs were detected across the planet in North America, North Africa, East Asia, Papua New Guinea, the Pacific Northwest, and the western Pacific. (With inputs from agencies)

Earth's mantle is hosting strange 'black holes' with mysterious waves. Here's what they are

NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) has been on alert as two massive asteroids along with three other asteroids are flying at a scary speed towards Earth and will come very close to the planet in the days ahead.

Even though these space rocks are not likely to make an impact on the planet, their close flyby helps carry out scientific research.

Among them, asteroid 2016 RJ20 is nearly 210 feet in diameter and will make a close flyby Earth on August 30 at a distance of 4,340,000 kilometres.

Meanwhile, another asteroid 2021 JT, which is nearly the size of a bus, measures around 38 feet wide. This asteroid will come close to Earth on September 1 at a distance of 3,890,000 kilometres.

Also Read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/nasa-is-on-alert-as-a-massive-aeroplane-sized-asteroid-closely-approaches-earth-751985">NASA is on alert as a massive aeroplane-sized asteroid closely approaches Earth</a>

Also, three other asteroids will make their closest approach to Earth, however, none of them are threatening.

Asteroid 2020 RL will fly by Earth on August 27 at a distance of 4.68 million kilometres. The asteroid is nearly 110 feet in diameter, which is the size of an aeroplane.

Another asteroid, 2021 RA10, which is 92 feet in diameter will make its closest approach at a distance of 2.61 million kilometres on August 28.

Asteroid 2012 SX49, which is around the size of a house, has a diameter of 64 feet. It will flyby Earth on August 29 at a distance of 4.29 million kilometres.&nbsp;

NASA’s JPL has been closely watching these asteroids when they make their closest approach to Earth. However, they do not pose any danger to us and provide an opportunity for ongoing research.

<h2>How is NASA tracking asteroids?</h2>

NASA, along with other space agencies, has established a network of telescopes and advanced computing for identifying near-Earth objects (NEOs).&nbsp;

Watch:&nbsp;China space rocket blows up, causes massive fireball

<div class="videoWrapper trancodeVideo"><iframe allowfullscreen="" autoplay="1" class="includeVideo" frameborder="0" height="350" src="https://www.wionews.com/videos/gravitas-china-space-rocket-blows-up-causes-massive-fireball-736905/embed" style="width:100%;max-width:560px;" width="560"></iframe></div>

Even though many of the NEOs don't come very close to Earth, some of them do come at a scary distance and get tagged as potentially hazardous asteroids which need more attention.&nbsp;

Such asteroids are more than 460 feet (140 metres) in size and their orbits bring them within a distance of 7.5 million kilometres from Earth.

NASA's Centre for Near-Earth Object Studies (CNEOS) has been monitoring all the NEOs and looking for any potential impact risks.

(With inputs from agencies)

NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) has been on alert as two massive asteroids along with three other asteroids are flying at a scary speed towards Earth and will come very close to the planet in the days ahead.

NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) has been on alert as two massive asteroids along with three other asteroids are flying at a scary speed towards Earth and will come very close to the planet in the days ahead. Even though these space rocks are not likely to make an impact on the planet, their close flyby helps carry out scientific research. Among them, asteroid 2016 RJ20 is nearly 210 feet in diameter and will make a close flyby Earth on August 30 at a distance of 4,340,000 kilometres. Meanwhile, another asteroid 2021 JT, which is nearly the size of a bus, measures around 38 feet wide. This asteroid will come close to Earth on September 1 at a distance of 3,890,000 kilometres. Also Read: NASA is on alert as a massive aeroplane-sized asteroid closely approaches Earth Also, three other asteroids will make their closest approach to Earth, however, none of them are threatening. Asteroid 2020 RL will fly by Earth on August 27 at a distance of 4.68 million kilometres. The asteroid is nearly 110 feet in diameter, which is the size of an aeroplane. Another asteroid, 2021 RA10, which is 92 feet in diameter will make its closest approach at a distance of 2.61 million kilometres on August 28. Asteroid 2012 SX49, which is around the size of a house, has a diameter of 64 feet. It will flyby Earth on August 29 at a distance of 4.29 million kilometres. NASA’s JPL has been closely watching these asteroids when they make their closest approach to Earth. However, they do not pose any danger to us and provide an opportunity for ongoing research. How is NASA tracking asteroids? NASA, along with other space agencies, has established a network of telescopes and advanced computing for identifying near-Earth objects (NEOs). Watch: China space rocket blows up, causes massive fireball Even though many of the NEOs don't come very close to Earth, some of them do come at a scary distance and get tagged as potentially hazardous asteroids which need more attention. Such asteroids are more than 460 feet (140 metres) in size and their orbits bring them within a distance of 7.5 million kilometres from Earth. NASA's Centre for Near-Earth Object Studies (CNEOS) has been monitoring all the NEOs and looking for any potential impact risks. (With inputs from agencies)

NASA is on alert as two massive asteroids race towards Earth at scary speed, they can...

A recent study has discovered that eating Ecklonia cava may help prevent or slow down Parkinson's disease. The seaweed which is commonly used in Asian Cuisine, contains antioxidants that may help protect neurons from&nbsp;free radicals that will help prevent the disease.&nbsp;

Parkinson's is a condition that impacts the nervous system, resulting in symptoms like stiffness, shaking, and difficulty moving. It kills the neurons that produce dopamine, a chemical that is responsible for controlling movements in the body, in the brain.

While this disease is not fatal, it results in serious complications which can result in death. No cure has been found for this condition yet, however, studies have found dietary antioxidants may be able to prevent it.

In several mouse models of Parkinson's disease, resveratrol has been shown to protect the dopamine-producing neurons in the brain. This compound is found in plants and fruits including berries, peanuts, and red grapes.

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/entertainment/lifestyle/news-can-vaccines-prevent-cancer-worlds-first-lung-cancer-vaccine-trials-will-have-answers-752708">Can vaccines prevent cancer? World's first lung cancer vaccine trials will have answers</a>

Some other compounds in plants and fruits like myrtenal, Ellagic acid, and α-lipoic acid have also improved learning and memory ability in Parkinson's mouse models. They have also enhanced neuromuscular coordination.&nbsp;

Many studies have also suggested drinking tea can help prevent Parkinson's, which may be due to its antioxidant content.

Free radicals are produced in our bodies due to reactions to environmental factors like pollution and ultraviolet rays or as a byproduct during the cell processes in the body.&nbsp;

Antioxidants can protect our body from these free radicals which may cause damage to cells. While our body produces some antioxidants, foods rich in antioxidants like Ecklonia cava can be a supplement to strengthen our bodies.

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/microplastics-reach-human-brain-contains-10-20-times-more-of-it-than-any-other-organ-752572">Microplastics reach human brain: Contains 10-20 times more of it than any other organ</a>

Researchers fed Ecklonia cava to some mice, which were induced Parkinson's, and some with a regular diet. The mice with the antioxidant diet showed fewer signs of Parkinson's than the ones fed with the regular diet. The neurons producing dopamine were also protected in those who were fed the seaweed.

The scientists also tested cells grown in a dish. They induced the cells with rotenone, which increases free radicals and kills the cells. It was found that antioxidants protected the cells from damage from rotenone.

This research, published in The Conversation, can open many new doors for the treatment and prevention of Parkinson's disease. However, more research is needed as animal and cell models may have different results than humans.

(With inputs from agencies)

A recent study has discovered that eating Ecklonia cava may help prevent or slow down Parkinson's disease. The seaweed which is commonly used in Asian Cuisine, contains antioxidants that may help protect neurons from free radicals that will help prevent the disease.

A recent study has discovered that eating Ecklonia cava may help prevent or slow down Parkinson's disease. The seaweed which is commonly used in Asian Cuisine, contains antioxidants that may help protect neurons from free radicals that will help prevent the disease. Parkinson's is a condition that impacts the nervous system, resulting in symptoms like stiffness, shaking, and difficulty moving. It kills the neurons that produce dopamine, a chemical that is responsible for controlling movements in the body, in the brain. While this disease is not fatal, it results in serious complications which can result in death. No cure has been found for this condition yet, however, studies have found dietary antioxidants may be able to prevent it. In several mouse models of Parkinson's disease, resveratrol has been shown to protect the dopamine-producing neurons in the brain. This compound is found in plants and fruits including berries, peanuts, and red grapes. Also read | Can vaccines prevent cancer? World's first lung cancer vaccine trials will have answers Some other compounds in plants and fruits like myrtenal, Ellagic acid, and α-lipoic acid have also improved learning and memory ability in Parkinson's mouse models. They have also enhanced neuromuscular coordination. Many studies have also suggested drinking tea can help prevent Parkinson's, which may be due to its antioxidant content. Free radicals are produced in our bodies due to reactions to environmental factors like pollution and ultraviolet rays or as a byproduct during the cell processes in the body. Antioxidants can protect our body from these free radicals which may cause damage to cells. While our body produces some antioxidants, foods rich in antioxidants like Ecklonia cava can be a supplement to strengthen our bodies. Also read | Microplastics reach human brain: Contains 10-20 times more of it than any other organ Researchers fed Ecklonia cava to some mice, which were induced Parkinson's, and some with a regular diet. The mice with the antioxidant diet showed fewer signs of Parkinson's than the ones fed with the regular diet. The neurons producing dopamine were also protected in those who were fed the seaweed. The scientists also tested cells grown in a dish. They induced the cells with rotenone, which increases free radicals and kills the cells. It was found that antioxidants protected the cells from damage from rotenone. This research, published in The Conversation, can open many new doors for the treatment and prevention of Parkinson's disease. However, more research is needed as animal and cell models may have different results than humans. (With inputs from agencies)

Can seaweed treat and prevent Parkinson's disease? New study may reveal how

Sunita Williams and Barry Wilmore – astronauts of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) – have been stuck in space for more than two months now.

Sunita Williams and Barry Wilmore – astronauts of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) – have been stuck in space for more than two months now. Wilmore and Williams blasted off for the International Space Station (ISS) on Boeing's Starliner on June 5. They were meant to stay on the ISS for eight days. However, their return has been delayed by thruster malfunctions that came to light during the first crewed mission to the ISS by a Boeing spacecraft. There are widespread concerns about when will the two astronauts return and how safe will their entry back home be. Addressing a press conference last week, NASA officials said that they were still analysing thruster data, but a decision on whether to use Starliner or SpaceX was looming. Rudy Ridolfi, former Space System Commander in the US military, explained three frightening scenarios that could play out if they choose to go ahead with Starliner for the astronauts' journey back to Earth. The scenarios by Ridolfi Speaking to The Daily Mail earlier this month Ridolfi said that if Williams and Wilmore were to return back home in the Starliner, they could vapourise upon re-entry of Earth's orbit or be stuck floating in space. Five thrusters failed during the 24-hour journey that took the two astronauts to the ISS back in June. One of the main concerns is that more thrusters could fail on the return leg, leaving them floating in limbo, somewhere between the ISS and Earth. The Daily Mail report on August 8 said that based on the amount of oxygen and power capabilities that Starliner has, the crew would have about 96 hours to revive thrusters and land back on Earth. The crew would need to determine which thrusters have malfunctioned with the hopes of sealing them and still have enough resources to spend a few hours travelling home. It could be possible that the craft does make it to Earth even in this scenario, Ridolfi told the publication. A rescue craft to Starliner ship The report also pointed out that in a worst-case scenario, NASA could be forced to send a rescue craft to the Starliner ship to retrieve Williams and Wilmore. Such a rescue has only been performed once and that too to rescue an unmanned spacecraft. "NASA knows how to do this, but it just takes time. If Starliner bounces off the atmosphere they have to locate it. You can get a general guess of where it is, but you have to start taking radar, and optical observations and calculate the orbit that it's now in." This rescue mission can be accomplished by attaching a tunnel-like structure that would latch onto Starliner's hatch, allowing it to open without harming the astronauts. In this situation, Ridolfi said that once Starliner is located, NASA would have to train another team of astronauts to perform the docking mission. (With inputs from agencies)

NASA’s Sunita Williams, Barry Wilmore face 96-hour oxygen limit on Starliner: Expert warns of space standoff

NASA astronauts Butch Wilmore and Suni Williams have been stuck in space for weeks now. The space agency has been working to get them back to Earth safely. The&nbsp;Starliner has been experiencing technical issues ever since it took the two to low-Earth orbit in June.&nbsp;

Now another problem has emerged, this time with their spacesuits. In case a problem happens on the International Space Station (ISS) sometime in the next six weeks, Williams and Wilmore won't have the safety of their in-flight spacesuits while fleeing.&nbsp;

NASA said at a press conference on August 14, that the spacesuits they wore inside the Boeing Starliner are not compatible with other spacecraft. The space agency has been trying to decide whether the astronauts should take the return trip aboard Starliner or on a SpaceX vehicle.&nbsp;

NASA Administrator Bill Nelson and other officials are expected to meet Saturday morning and reach a decision. Reports suggest that the Starliner is likely to be brought back to Earth empty.

If Starliner is removed from the plan because of technical issues, then NASA will need to move ahead with their contingency plan - the SpaceX Dragon capsule&nbsp;of the Crew-8 mission. The spacecraft is in space and officials have said that it is part of the plan if Starliner is deemed unsuitable to carry the astronauts back.&nbsp;

However, the problem arises with the SpaceX suits - there aren't any spare.

Also Read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/nasa-delays-spacex-crew-9-mission-as-rumours-about-boeing-starliners-safety-emerge-747925">NASA delays SpaceX Crew-9 mission as rumours about Boeing Starliner's safety emerge</a>

The earliest they are likely to reach the ISS is on September 24 when the Dragon of Crew-9 launches with two empty seats and two extra spacesuits.

<h2>Starliner's return to Earth</h2>

Starliner is also expected to fly to Earth uncrewed. So between this time period, if Starliner leaves the ISS and Dragon hasn't yet reached space, Williams and Wilmore would need to enter Dragon 8 capsule without the compatible spacesuits in case of an emergency.&nbsp;

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The scenario completely depends on NASA's final decision - whether to bring back the Starliner uncrewed, or with the astronauts. A decision is likely to be reached by the end of this month.&nbsp;

Spacesuits are of two types - extravehicular and intravehicular. The former is used while making repairs outside the station, while the latter is worn during launches, aborting a flight or landing back to Earth.&nbsp;

Starliner launched into space on June 5 and the astronauts were supposed to stay at the ISS only for eight days.&nbsp;

NASA astronauts Butch Wilmore and Suni Williams have been stuck in space for weeks now. The space agency has been working to get them back to Earth safely. The Starliner has been experiencing technical issues ever since it took the two to low-Earth orbit in June.

NASA astronauts Butch Wilmore and Suni Williams have been stuck in space for weeks now. The space agency has been working to get them back to Earth safely. The Starliner has been experiencing technical issues ever since it took the two to low-Earth orbit in June. Now another problem has emerged, this time with their spacesuits. In case a problem happens on the International Space Station (ISS) sometime in the next six weeks, Williams and Wilmore won't have the safety of their in-flight spacesuits while fleeing. NASA said at a press conference on August 14, that the spacesuits they wore inside the Boeing Starliner are not compatible with other spacecraft. The space agency has been trying to decide whether the astronauts should take the return trip aboard Starliner or on a SpaceX vehicle. NASA Administrator Bill Nelson and other officials are expected to meet Saturday morning and reach a decision. Reports suggest that the Starliner is likely to be brought back to Earth empty. If Starliner is removed from the plan because of technical issues, then NASA will need to move ahead with their contingency plan - the SpaceX Dragon capsule of the Crew-8 mission. The spacecraft is in space and officials have said that it is part of the plan if Starliner is deemed unsuitable to carry the astronauts back. However, the problem arises with the SpaceX suits - there aren't any spare. Also Read: NASA delays SpaceX Crew-9 mission as rumours about Boeing Starliner's safety emerge The earliest they are likely to reach the ISS is on September 24 when the Dragon of Crew-9 launches with two empty seats and two extra spacesuits. Starliner's return to Earth Starliner is also expected to fly to Earth uncrewed. So between this time period, if Starliner leaves the ISS and Dragon hasn't yet reached space, Williams and Wilmore would need to enter Dragon 8 capsule without the compatible spacesuits in case of an emergency. × The scenario completely depends on NASA's final decision - whether to bring back the Starliner uncrewed, or with the astronauts. A decision is likely to be reached by the end of this month. Spacesuits are of two types - extravehicular and intravehicular. The former is used while making repairs outside the station, while the latter is worn during launches, aborting a flight or landing back to Earth. Starliner launched into space on June 5 and the astronauts were supposed to stay at the ISS only for eight days.

Spacesuit problem poses risk if Starliner returns to Earth without the crew

Scientists recorded a strange signal from space in 1977. It was captured by the Ohio State University's Big Ear radio telescope and no viable explanation has been presented for it. What was it? Where did it come from? These questions continue to stump scientists.&nbsp;

The WOW signal was a 72-second burst, and it was so strange that astronomer Jerry Ehman wrote 'WOW!' on the telescope's readout. People wondered whether an alien civilisation was trying to make contact with Earth.

However, a fresh explanation for the WOW! signal has been put forward by experts. According to a new analysis by scientists from the University of Puerto Rico at Arecibo, the WOW! signal does not hint at the existence of alien life.&nbsp;

They say that it was probably caused by an extremely powerful laser slamming into Earth. This happened when a rare alignment happened between a collapsed star and a cloud of cool hydrogen.

Professor Abel Méndez and his team say that they have identified a series of similar signals which can explain where the WOW! signal came from. They went through archived data from the Arecibo Observatory's Radio Emissions from Red Dwarf Stars (REDS) project. It had a similar experimental set-up to the Big Ear radio telescope. This prompted the team to assume that it also likely caught a signal like the WOW! signal in the past.&nbsp;

The data showed that several extremely similar but faint signals had appeared. Four of the signals came from a tiny red dwarf star called Teegarden's Star located 12.5 light-years away.

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It is surrounded by clouds of cool atomic hydrogen and when intense light from the red dwarf hits them, a powerful burst of microwave energy in the 1420 MHz is produced, the researchers said.&nbsp;

This results in a natural microwave laser which is extremely similar to the WOW! signal. The scientists say that the WOW! signal likely happened as a result of a more powerful burst of energy which collided with a hydrogen cloud. This resulted in the production of a much bigger microwave laser.&nbsp;

<h2>What happened when WOW! signal was detected</h2>

The WOW! signal sent waves of excitement in the scientific community when it hit in 1977. It was seen as the first Hello from an alien civilisation. It was extremely powerful and arrived in an unusually narrow band of frequencies at around 1420 MHz. Since similar frequencies are produced by atomic hydrogen, scientists theorised that aliens are likely using the abundant hydrogen in space to send a signal to other civilisations that might be present in the universe.&nbsp;

Scientists recorded a strange signal from space in 1977. It was captured by the Ohio State University's Big Ear radio telescope and no viable explanation has been presented for it.

Scientists recorded a strange signal from space in 1977. It was captured by the Ohio State University's Big Ear radio telescope and no viable explanation has been presented for it. What was it? Where did it come from? These questions continue to stump scientists. The WOW signal was a 72-second burst, and it was so strange that astronomer Jerry Ehman wrote 'WOW!' on the telescope's readout. People wondered whether an alien civilisation was trying to make contact with Earth. However, a fresh explanation for the WOW! signal has been put forward by experts. According to a new analysis by scientists from the University of Puerto Rico at Arecibo, the WOW! signal does not hint at the existence of alien life. They say that it was probably caused by an extremely powerful laser slamming into Earth. This happened when a rare alignment happened between a collapsed star and a cloud of cool hydrogen. Professor Abel Méndez and his team say that they have identified a series of similar signals which can explain where the WOW! signal came from. They went through archived data from the Arecibo Observatory's Radio Emissions from Red Dwarf Stars (REDS) project. It had a similar experimental set-up to the Big Ear radio telescope. This prompted the team to assume that it also likely caught a signal like the WOW! signal in the past. The data showed that several extremely similar but faint signals had appeared. Four of the signals came from a tiny red dwarf star called Teegarden's Star located 12.5 light-years away. Also Read: WATCH VIDEO: Seven Suns spotted over China sky. Real or illusion? It is surrounded by clouds of cool atomic hydrogen and when intense light from the red dwarf hits them, a powerful burst of microwave energy in the 1420 MHz is produced, the researchers said. This results in a natural microwave laser which is extremely similar to the WOW! signal. The scientists say that the WOW! signal likely happened as a result of a more powerful burst of energy which collided with a hydrogen cloud. This resulted in the production of a much bigger microwave laser. What happened when WOW! signal was detected The WOW! signal sent waves of excitement in the scientific community when it hit in 1977. It was seen as the first Hello from an alien civilisation. It was extremely powerful and arrived in an unusually narrow band of frequencies at around 1420 MHz. Since similar frequencies are produced by atomic hydrogen, scientists theorised that aliens are likely using the abundant hydrogen in space to send a signal to other civilisations that might be present in the universe.

Astronomers may have solved the mystery of WOW! signal nearly 50 years later

The Milky Way seems to harbour a vast ripple spreading out across at least a quarter of its disc. But scientists have never confirmed it and some say that it doesn't exist at all. However, if it is present, then it might have been created following a clash with another galaxy.&nbsp;

Eloisa Poggio at the French National Centre for Scientific Research in Nice and her team say that they have noticed a faint ripple in the galaxy that is propagating away from its centre. "It’s not huge, it’s just a small ripple,” Poggio told New Scientist.&nbsp;

The team made the observation after studying the motion of tens of thousands of stars using the Gaia space telescope. Previously, a few other waves have also been discovered, but the latest wave spreads out over a vast section of the galaxy, she says.

The Milky Way appears like a flat disc with a bulge at the centre in illustrations. However, scientists have noticed small waves in small portions of the galaxy that seem to have been made by clouds of stars and gas. The disc is warped in a static S-shape.

Poggio and her colleagues studied two groups of stars to know more about waves in the galaxy. Two different groups of young stars that formed recently were seen moving with their surroundings. They compared the vertical and horizontal positions of these two groups of stars, along with their movement, with a model of the galaxy. The shape of the model used had a static S-shaped warp.

Also Read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/earth-hit-by-hundreds-of-meteorites-originating-from-only-5-craters-on-mars-752869">Earth hit by hundreds of meteorites originating from only 5 craters on Mars</a>

<h2>What did the study find?</h2>

They noticed two distinct ways the group of stars were moving - back and forth along the radial axis of the galaxy and up and down. However, the two motion patterns were statistically related. The researchers concluded that the two motions are likely part of one vast wave. What caused the ripple is not clear, although Poggio suggests that it could have happened after a past close encounter with a smaller galaxy’s gravity.

However, other experts say they don't see a link between the two motions. Ralph Schoenrich of University College London told New Scientist that instead of one vast wave, there could be two waves.

The groups of stars are moving horizontally and vertically, which means the two waves could be moving in the same way as well. One or more past events likely caused the waves, although he says there is no way to say with certainty that they are part of one wave.&nbsp;

More research is needed to understand more about the observations.

The Milky Way seems to harbour a vast ripple spreading out across at least a quarter of its disc. But scientists have never confirmed it and some say that it doesn't exist at all.

The Milky Way seems to harbour a vast ripple spreading out across at least a quarter of its disc. But scientists have never confirmed it and some say that it doesn't exist at all. However, if it is present, then it might have been created following a clash with another galaxy. Eloisa Poggio at the French National Centre for Scientific Research in Nice and her team say that they have noticed a faint ripple in the galaxy that is propagating away from its centre. "It’s not huge, it’s just a small ripple,” Poggio told New Scientist. The team made the observation after studying the motion of tens of thousands of stars using the Gaia space telescope. Previously, a few other waves have also been discovered, but the latest wave spreads out over a vast section of the galaxy, she says. The Milky Way appears like a flat disc with a bulge at the centre in illustrations. However, scientists have noticed small waves in small portions of the galaxy that seem to have been made by clouds of stars and gas. The disc is warped in a static S-shape. Poggio and her colleagues studied two groups of stars to know more about waves in the galaxy. Two different groups of young stars that formed recently were seen moving with their surroundings. They compared the vertical and horizontal positions of these two groups of stars, along with their movement, with a model of the galaxy. The shape of the model used had a static S-shaped warp. Also Read: Earth hit by hundreds of meteorites originating from only 5 craters on Mars What did the study find? They noticed two distinct ways the group of stars were moving - back and forth along the radial axis of the galaxy and up and down. However, the two motion patterns were statistically related. The researchers concluded that the two motions are likely part of one vast wave. What caused the ripple is not clear, although Poggio suggests that it could have happened after a past close encounter with a smaller galaxy’s gravity. However, other experts say they don't see a link between the two motions. Ralph Schoenrich of University College London told New Scientist that instead of one vast wave, there could be two waves. The groups of stars are moving horizontally and vertically, which means the two waves could be moving in the same way as well. One or more past events likely caused the waves, although he says there is no way to say with certainty that they are part of one wave. More research is needed to understand more about the observations.

Contact with another galaxy likely left a vast ripple in Milky Way

Eastern Sierra Nevada's Mono Lake is harbouring a creature that has not been seen previously. Scientists have identified an unknown microscopic organism in the water body which can provide hints about complex animal life originated on Earth. It is a type of choanoflagellate, a single-celled microorganism, and is linked to animals.

The creatures found in the lake and animals that roam Earth have a common ancestor, which makes the discovery crucial in many ways. Scientists are hoping to understand how life transitioned from single-celled to multicellular.

"I'm fascinated by the origin of animals, but it turns out that you can't really study it from the fossil record because the first animals were small and squishy," co-author of the study, Nicole King, told Newsweek. He is a professor of molecular and cell biology at UC Berkeley.

He added that choanoflagellates have been known to be "the closest living relatives of animals" but "no one was studying them."

King adds in the study published online in the journal mBio that "choanos" can form multicellular colonies, similar to what transpired in the early stages of animal embryonic development. This is why they can prove helpful in understanding ancient evolutionary processes.

<h2>Mono lake contains&nbsp;cyanide</h2>

Mono lake has an inhospitable environment and " only the hardiest of extremophiles" can call it home, King says. "Mono lake is hypersaline; I think it has three times the salinity of the ocean and is hyperalkaline," King said. "It also contains high levels of toxins, including cyanide."

Also Read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/new-years-day-earthquake-that-hit-noto-in-japan-had-two-epicentres-752883">New Year's Day earthquake that hit Noto in Japan had TWO epicentres</a>

However, the discovery of the organism means that the lake has much more to offer. The Barroeca monosierra choanoflagellate interacts with bacteria in interesting ways.

One of them is quite an interesting one, where a single-celled organism suddenly becomes multicellular. "Certain bacteria can cause them to switch from being single-celled to multicellular," King said.

Bacteria can also cause choanos to mate. King said that they act like an aphrodisiac for the creature because they suddenly leave their solitary asexual lives and get together with these molecules.&nbsp;

Eastern Sierra Nevada's Mono Lake is harbouring a creature that has not been seen previously. Scientists have identified an unknown microscopic organism in the water body which can provide hints about complex animal life originated on Earth.

Eastern Sierra Nevada's Mono Lake is harbouring a creature that has not been seen previously. Scientists have identified an unknown microscopic organism in the water body which can provide hints about complex animal life originated on Earth. It is a type of choanoflagellate, a single-celled microorganism, and is linked to animals. The creatures found in the lake and animals that roam Earth have a common ancestor, which makes the discovery crucial in many ways. Scientists are hoping to understand how life transitioned from single-celled to multicellular. "I'm fascinated by the origin of animals, but it turns out that you can't really study it from the fossil record because the first animals were small and squishy," co-author of the study, Nicole King, told Newsweek. He is a professor of molecular and cell biology at UC Berkeley. He added that choanoflagellates have been known to be "the closest living relatives of animals" but "no one was studying them." King adds in the study published online in the journal mBio that "choanos" can form multicellular colonies, similar to what transpired in the early stages of animal embryonic development. This is why they can prove helpful in understanding ancient evolutionary processes. Mono lake contains cyanide Mono lake has an inhospitable environment and " only the hardiest of extremophiles" can call it home, King says. "Mono lake is hypersaline; I think it has three times the salinity of the ocean and is hyperalkaline," King said. "It also contains high levels of toxins, including cyanide." Also Read: New Year's Day earthquake that hit Noto in Japan had TWO epicentres However, the discovery of the organism means that the lake has much more to offer. The Barroeca monosierra choanoflagellate interacts with bacteria in interesting ways. One of them is quite an interesting one, where a single-celled organism suddenly becomes multicellular. "Certain bacteria can cause them to switch from being single-celled to multicellular," King said. Bacteria can also cause choanos to mate. King said that they act like an aphrodisiac for the creature because they suddenly leave their solitary asexual lives and get together with these molecules.

California lake full of cyanide hiding previously unknown creatures

Meteorites entering Earth is a known occurrence. While some of them come from deep space, others originate&nbsp;near our home planet. Scientists have found that Mars has been the origin point of several of those meteors that hit our planet. Severe impact events on the red planet release debris which gets flung into space, with some of them reaching us as well.&nbsp;

At least 10 such meteorite-forming events have happened in the recent past. The debris breaks free of Mars' gravitational pull and enters the orbit around the sun, and some of them eventually fall to Earth.&nbsp;

“Now, we can group these meteorites by their shared history and then their location on the surface prior to coming to Earth,” Chris Herd, a study co-author, professor of earth and atmospheric sciences, and curator of UA’s Meteorite Collection said.

Hundreds of such rocks have been discovered in the last few years. Scientists now claim that around 200 of those meteorites came from five specific impact craters on the Red Planet. Researchers from the University of Alberta have traced their origin to Tharsis and Elysium, the two volcanic regions on our neighbouring planet.

An estimated 48.5 tonnes of meteorite material enters Earth each day, according to NASA. But it is not always possible to study them since they are mere specks of dust by the time they hit the surface.

<h2>Meteorites from Mars</h2>

In the 1980s, scientists discovered a group of meteorites that likely had volcanic origins with ages of 1.3 billion years.&nbsp;

Also Read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/earth-in-danger-of-being-hit-by-asteroid-dimorphos-debris-within-10-years-752623">Earth in danger of being hit by asteroid Dimorphos debris. Impact might happen in...</a>

A celestial body with volcanic activity had to be its origin point, and Mars fit the bill. This was confirmed when NASA's Viking landers compared the composition of Mars' atmosphere with trapped gases found in these rocks.&nbsp;

However, the study noted that it wasn't possible to trace the origins earlier because a technique called spectral matching was being used. The technique is used to identify and compare the composition of materials by analyzing the patterns of light they absorb or emit. However, factors like terrain variability and extensive dust cover inhibit work using this technique.&nbsp;

Herd says that this “major advance” can help revise previous, limited calculations.&nbsp;

"I call that the missing link — to be able to say, for example, the conditions under which this meteorite was ejected were met by an impact event that produced craters between 10 and 30 kilometres across," he said.&nbsp;

The latest finding can help scientists understand more about the planet's geological past.&nbsp; 
&nbsp;

Meteorites entering Earth is a known occurrence. While some of them come from deep space, others originate near our home planet. Scientists have found that Mars has been the origin point of several of those meteors that hit our planet.

Meteorites entering Earth is a known occurrence. While some of them come from deep space, others originate near our home planet. Scientists have found that Mars has been the origin point of several of those meteors that hit our planet. Severe impact events on the red planet release debris which gets flung into space, with some of them reaching us as well. At least 10 such meteorite-forming events have happened in the recent past. The debris breaks free of Mars' gravitational pull and enters the orbit around the sun, and some of them eventually fall to Earth. “Now, we can group these meteorites by their shared history and then their location on the surface prior to coming to Earth,” Chris Herd, a study co-author, professor of earth and atmospheric sciences, and curator of UA’s Meteorite Collection said. Hundreds of such rocks have been discovered in the last few years. Scientists now claim that around 200 of those meteorites came from five specific impact craters on the Red Planet. Researchers from the University of Alberta have traced their origin to Tharsis and Elysium, the two volcanic regions on our neighbouring planet. An estimated 48.5 tonnes of meteorite material enters Earth each day, according to NASA. But it is not always possible to study them since they are mere specks of dust by the time they hit the surface. Meteorites from Mars In the 1980s, scientists discovered a group of meteorites that likely had volcanic origins with ages of 1.3 billion years. Also Read: Earth in danger of being hit by asteroid Dimorphos debris. Impact might happen in... A celestial body with volcanic activity had to be its origin point, and Mars fit the bill. This was confirmed when NASA's Viking landers compared the composition of Mars' atmosphere with trapped gases found in these rocks. However, the study noted that it wasn't possible to trace the origins earlier because a technique called spectral matching was being used. The technique is used to identify and compare the composition of materials by analyzing the patterns of light they absorb or emit. However, factors like terrain variability and extensive dust cover inhibit work using this technique. Herd says that this “major advance” can help revise previous, limited calculations. "I call that the missing link — to be able to say, for example, the conditions under which this meteorite was ejected were met by an impact event that produced craters between 10 and 30 kilometres across," he said. The latest finding can help scientists understand more about the planet's geological past.

Hundreds of meteorites originating from only 5 craters on Mars hit Earth

Earth is in danger of being hit by an asteroid moonlet debris that NASA blew up two years back. The DART mission, or the Double Asteroids Redirect Test, struck Dimorphos, the small moonlet orbiting the larger asteroid Didymos. The experiment aimed to understand a proposed strategy whereby potentially hazardous asteroids (PHAs) could be deflected.

The impact sent several pieces of debris flying in space and scientists say that Mars is likely to be hit by them in the future. However, turns out, that not just Mars, but our home planet also faces the dangerous prospect of being impacted. The kinetic method creates a lot of debris that can have a dangerous impact on several celestial bodies.&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;

A recent study tried to understand how an impact mission like DART can trigger the formation of debris which could someday reach Earth and Mars as meteors. The results of simulations carried out as part of the study state that the asteroid ejecta could reach Mars and the Earth-Moon system within a decade. Three million particles created by the DART mission's impact with Dimorphos were tracked to learn more about what would happen to them.

The paper is available online on the arXiv preprint server and accepted for publication by The Planetary Science Journal.&nbsp;

Also Read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/journey-to-jupiter-juice-slingshots-by-earth-en-route-to-venus-after-historic-flyby-photos-752121">Journey to Jupiter: JUICE slingshots by Earth en route to Venus after historic flyby</a>

To conduct the study, scientists used data obtained by the Light Italian CubeSat for Imaging of Asteroids (LICIACube). The CubeSat had accompanied the DART mission at the time and witnessed the kinetic impact test.

Supercomputers at NASA's Navigation and Ancillary Information Facility (NAIF) were used to simulate what would happen to them.&nbsp;

They found that some of this debris will reach Earth within 10 years, depending on their speed. So particles travelling at velocities below 500 m/s might take 13 years to reach Mars. But ejecta moving beyond 1.5 km/s (5,400 km/h; 3,355 mph) could reach Earth in seven years.&nbsp;

<h2>Is Earth at risk of asteroid debris collision?</h2>

Dr Eloy Peña-Asensio, who led the study and is a Research Fellow with the Deep-space Astrodynamics Research and Technology (DART) group at the Polytechnic Institute of Milan, told Universe Today, "These faster particles are expected to be too small to produce visible meteors, based on early observations."

She added that "meteor observation campaigns will be critical in determining whether DART has created a new (and human-created) meteor shower: the Dimorphids."

"If these ejected Dimorphos fragments reach Earth, they will not pose any risk. Their small size and high speed will cause them to disintegrate in the atmosphere, creating a beautiful luminous streak in the sky," she added.

Future Mars observation missions might also be able to observe Martian meteors, she added.

Earth is in danger of being hit by an asteroid moonlet debris that NASA blew up two years back. The DART mission, or the Double Asteroids Redirect Test, struck Dimorphos, the small moonlet orbiting the larger asteroid Didymos.

Earth is in danger of being hit by an asteroid moonlet debris that NASA blew up two years back. The DART mission, or the Double Asteroids Redirect Test, struck Dimorphos, the small moonlet orbiting the larger asteroid Didymos. The experiment aimed to understand a proposed strategy whereby potentially hazardous asteroids (PHAs) could be deflected. The impact sent several pieces of debris flying in space and scientists say that Mars is likely to be hit by them in the future. However, turns out, that not just Mars, but our home planet also faces the dangerous prospect of being impacted. The kinetic method creates a lot of debris that can have a dangerous impact on several celestial bodies. A recent study tried to understand how an impact mission like DART can trigger the formation of debris which could someday reach Earth and Mars as meteors. The results of simulations carried out as part of the study state that the asteroid ejecta could reach Mars and the Earth-Moon system within a decade. Three million particles created by the DART mission's impact with Dimorphos were tracked to learn more about what would happen to them. The paper is available online on the arXiv preprint server and accepted for publication by The Planetary Science Journal. Also Read: Journey to Jupiter: JUICE slingshots by Earth en route to Venus after historic flyby To conduct the study, scientists used data obtained by the Light Italian CubeSat for Imaging of Asteroids (LICIACube). The CubeSat had accompanied the DART mission at the time and witnessed the kinetic impact test. Supercomputers at NASA's Navigation and Ancillary Information Facility (NAIF) were used to simulate what would happen to them. They found that some of this debris will reach Earth within 10 years, depending on their speed. So particles travelling at velocities below 500 m/s might take 13 years to reach Mars. But ejecta moving beyond 1.5 km/s (5,400 km/h; 3,355 mph) could reach Earth in seven years. Is Earth at risk of asteroid debris collision? Dr Eloy Peña-Asensio, who led the study and is a Research Fellow with the Deep-space Astrodynamics Research and Technology (DART) group at the Polytechnic Institute of Milan, told Universe Today, "These faster particles are expected to be too small to produce visible meteors, based on early observations." She added that "meteor observation campaigns will be critical in determining whether DART has created a new (and human-created) meteor shower: the Dimorphids." "If these ejected Dimorphos fragments reach Earth, they will not pose any risk. Their small size and high speed will cause them to disintegrate in the atmosphere, creating a beautiful luminous streak in the sky," she added. Future Mars observation missions might also be able to observe Martian meteors, she added.

Earth in danger of being hit by asteroid Dimorphos debris. Impact might happen in...

Scientists have raised alarm after discovering microplastics in critical human organs, including the brain. They are calling for more stringent measures to control plastic pollution. A new study has found that a lot more microplastics are present in the human brain than in any other organ. The researchers described the brain as “one of the most plastic-polluted tissues yet sampled”.

Microplastics are pieces smaller than 5mm in diameter. They have already been found in several other human organs - lungs, placentas, livers, kidneys, reproductive organs, knee and elbow joints, blood vessels and bone marrow. Just last month, a study found microplastics in all 16 samples of bone marrow that were examined.

In the latest study done by the National Institutes of Health, they found that microplastics are now accumulating in human brains.&nbsp;

Sedat Gündoğdu, who studies microplastics at Cukurova University in Turkey, told Guardian, that plastic pollution needs to be dealt with soon and following the new research, “it is now imperative to declare a global emergency”.

They studied the livers, kidneys and brains of autopsied bodies and discovered microplastics in all of them. However, what is most concerning is that they found 10 to 20 times more microplastics in the 91 brain samples than the other organs.&nbsp;

Also Read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/after-human-testicles-microplastics-discovered-in-human-penises-for-first-time-733810">After human testicles, microplastics discovered in human penises for first time</a>

The study’s lead author, Matthew Campen, a toxicologist and professor of pharmaceutical sciences at the University of New Mexico, admitted that the results were shocking.&nbsp;

<h2>Microplastics in brain</h2>

Twenty-four of the brains collected in early 2024, measured on average about 0.5 per cent plastic by weight. “It’s pretty alarming. There’s much more plastic in our brains than I ever would have imagined or been comfortable with," Campen said.&nbsp;

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Another disturbing discovery was the quantity of microplastics seems to be increasing over time. Brain samples from 2024 had about 50% higher microplastics as compared to samples that date to 2016.&nbsp;

The study that is yet to be peer-reviewed and printed also hints at a possible link between dementia and Alzheimer’s disease. The brain samples of 12 people who had died of the two diseases, had up to 10 times more plastic by weight than samples from healthier individuals. However, this part of the study hasn't been published online yet, as per the Guardian.

Another recent study done in China found microplastics in the membranous lining of hip or knee joints of 45 patients who were undergoing hip or knee surgery. Microplastics were also found in all 23 human and 47 canine testicles in a study conducted in May.

Scientists have raised alarm after discovering microplastics in critical human organs, including the brain. They are calling for more stringent measures to control plastic pollution.

Scientists have raised alarm after discovering microplastics in critical human organs, including the brain. They are calling for more stringent measures to control plastic pollution. A new study has found that a lot more microplastics are present in the human brain than in any other organ. The researchers described the brain as “one of the most plastic-polluted tissues yet sampled”. Microplastics are pieces smaller than 5mm in diameter. They have already been found in several other human organs - lungs, placentas, livers, kidneys, reproductive organs, knee and elbow joints, blood vessels and bone marrow. Just last month, a study found microplastics in all 16 samples of bone marrow that were examined. In the latest study done by the National Institutes of Health, they found that microplastics are now accumulating in human brains. Sedat Gündoğdu, who studies microplastics at Cukurova University in Turkey, told Guardian, that plastic pollution needs to be dealt with soon and following the new research, “it is now imperative to declare a global emergency”. They studied the livers, kidneys and brains of autopsied bodies and discovered microplastics in all of them. However, what is most concerning is that they found 10 to 20 times more microplastics in the 91 brain samples than the other organs. Also Read: After human testicles, microplastics discovered in human penises for first time The study’s lead author, Matthew Campen, a toxicologist and professor of pharmaceutical sciences at the University of New Mexico, admitted that the results were shocking. Microplastics in brain Twenty-four of the brains collected in early 2024, measured on average about 0.5 per cent plastic by weight. “It’s pretty alarming. There’s much more plastic in our brains than I ever would have imagined or been comfortable with," Campen said. × Another disturbing discovery was the quantity of microplastics seems to be increasing over time. Brain samples from 2024 had about 50% higher microplastics as compared to samples that date to 2016. The study that is yet to be peer-reviewed and printed also hints at a possible link between dementia and Alzheimer’s disease. The brain samples of 12 people who had died of the two diseases, had up to 10 times more plastic by weight than samples from healthier individuals. However, this part of the study hasn't been published online yet, as per the Guardian. Another recent study done in China found microplastics in the membranous lining of hip or knee joints of 45 patients who were undergoing hip or knee surgery. Microplastics were also found in all 23 human and 47 canine testicles in a study conducted in May.

Microplastics reach human brain: Contains 10-20 times more of it than any other organ

Over a billion souls triumphed with joy when the Vikram lander of India's Chandrayaan-3 mission touched down on the lunar surface on August 23, 2023. Hours later, the Pragyan rover rolled out to the lunar surface. A long night began for Pragyan on Moon's subzero temperatures 14 days later.&nbsp;

But before sleeping forever, India's beloved Pragyan, among others, turned a lunar hypothesis into a defining truth.

Pragyan found anorthosite rocks on the moon, which scientists believed were the site of an ancient ocean of magma that covered the lunar surface some four billion years ago. Pragyan has confirmed with ground evidence that this indeed was the case.&nbsp;

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/what-did-chandrayaan-3-find-on-the-moon-isro-to-reveal-on-space-day-23rd-aug-752035">What did Chandrayaan-3 find on the moon? ISRO to reveal on Space Day 23rd Aug</a>

This is the most significant finding by the Chandrayaan-3 thus far, the one that sheds light on the Moon's origins.&nbsp;

"It gives more support to the lunar magma ocean hypothesis," Mahesh Anand, a planetary scientist at the Open University in Milton Keynes, UK told Nature where these findings were published.&nbsp;

The moon was born from the remains of a headlong collision between the early Earth and some rogue planetary body billions of years ago. The rocky surface of the Moon was initially molten.

Also watch |&nbsp;All about Chandrayaan-3 mission

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The minerals in there slowly crystallised as the lava cooled down to form rocks of various kinds, including ferroan anorthosite.

Over several millennia, the meteorites raining down the Moon beat down these rocks to fine dust. Similar phenomena also occur on the Earth but the Moon's thin atmosphere and lack of volcanic activity expedite this weathering process.&nbsp;

"It’s sort of what we expected to be there based on orbital data, but the ground truth is always really good to get," Lindy Elkins-Tanton, a planetary scientist at Arizona State University in Tempe, told Nature.&nbsp;

"To me, it’s a story about the success of the Indian space programme," Elkins-Tanton said.

(With inputs from agencies)

Over a billion souls triumphed with joy when the Vikram lander of India's Chandrayaan-3 mission touched down on the lunar surface on August 23, 2023. Hours later, the Pragyan rover rolled out to the lunar surface.

Over a billion souls triumphed with joy when the Vikram lander of India's Chandrayaan-3 mission touched down on the lunar surface on August 23, 2023. Hours later, the Pragyan rover rolled out to the lunar surface. A long night began for Pragyan on Moon's subzero temperatures 14 days later. But before sleeping forever, India's beloved Pragyan, among others, turned a lunar hypothesis into a defining truth. Pragyan found anorthosite rocks on the moon, which scientists believed were the site of an ancient ocean of magma that covered the lunar surface some four billion years ago. Pragyan has confirmed with ground evidence that this indeed was the case. Also read | What did Chandrayaan-3 find on the moon? ISRO to reveal on Space Day 23rd Aug This is the most significant finding by the Chandrayaan-3 thus far, the one that sheds light on the Moon's origins. "It gives more support to the lunar magma ocean hypothesis," Mahesh Anand, a planetary scientist at the Open University in Milton Keynes, UK told Nature where these findings were published. The moon was born from the remains of a headlong collision between the early Earth and some rogue planetary body billions of years ago. The rocky surface of the Moon was initially molten. Also watch | All about Chandrayaan-3 mission × The minerals in there slowly crystallised as the lava cooled down to form rocks of various kinds, including ferroan anorthosite. Over several millennia, the meteorites raining down the Moon beat down these rocks to fine dust. Similar phenomena also occur on the Earth but the Moon's thin atmosphere and lack of volcanic activity expedite this weathering process. "It’s sort of what we expected to be there based on orbital data, but the ground truth is always really good to get," Lindy Elkins-Tanton, a planetary scientist at Arizona State University in Tempe, told Nature. "To me, it’s a story about the success of the Indian space programme," Elkins-Tanton said. (With inputs from agencies)

India's Chandrayaan-3 sends home lunar bonanza with magma theory evidence

The European Space Agency's JUICE spacecraft has completed a historic flyby of Earth and the moon. In a world first, the gravity of Earth was used to send the spacecraft towards Venus from where it will take a shortcut to Jupiter through the inner Solar System. JUICE was launched on April 14, 2023.&nbsp;

Once it reaches Venus, it will conduct a flyby of the second planet from the sun, pinging it back to Earth. Two more gravity assists will happen in 2026 and 2029, after which JUICE will move towards Jupiter and its moons. JUICE is targeting to be on Jupiter by July 2031.

"The gravity assist flyby was flawless; everything went without a hitch, and we were thrilled to see Juice coming back so close to Earth," JUICE Spacecraft Operations Manager Ignacio Tanco said in a statement.

Juice also clicked some fascinating photos of Earth when it flew just 6840 km above Southeast Asia and the Pacific Ocean. It used its onboard monitoring cameras to take the pictures and collected scientific data with eight of its ten instruments. It earlier took photos of moon as well.

All these flybys will help JUICE reach Jupiter using minimal fuel as the gravitational tides of planets and moon can help slingshot the spacecraft toward its final destination. The flyby required ultra-precise, real-time navigation, and has helped save around 150 kilogrammes of fuel. With this, JUICE can now get much closer to the Jovian moon Ganymede than planned.

Also Read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/a-lost-sunken-ocean-has-been-found-at-earths-inner-core-will-it-emerge-751851">A lost, sunken ocean has been found at Earth's inner core</a>

“Thanks to very precise navigation by ESA’s Flight Dynamics team, we managed to use only a tiny fraction of the propellant reserved for this flyby. This will add to the margins we keep for a rainy day, or to extend the science mission once we get to Jupiter,” adds Ignacio.

<h2>JUICE's camera JANUS takes pictures of Earth and Moon</h2>

Juice also clicked some fascinating photos when it flew just 6840 km above Southeast Asia and the Pacific Ocean. It used its onboard monitoring cameras to take pictures and collected scientific data with eight of its ten instruments. It had earlier taken pictures of the moon.

ESA said that it expects to publish images and spectra collected by some of Juice’s instruments in the next weeks. This includes high-resolution images of the Moon and Earth clicked by Juice’s scientific camera, JANUS.

Juice’s speed increased by 0.9 km/s relative to the Sun following the lunar flyby. The flyby of Earth reduced Juice’s speed by 4.8 km/s relative to the Sun, from where its trajectory changed, directing it towards Venus.&nbsp;

The European Space Agency's JUICE spacecraft has completed a historic flyby of Earth and the moon. In a world first, the gravity of Earth was used to send the spacecraft towards Venus from where it will take a shortcut to Jupiter through the inner Solar System.

The European Space Agency's JUICE spacecraft has completed a historic flyby of Earth and the moon. In a world first, the gravity of Earth was used to send the spacecraft towards Venus from where it will take a shortcut to Jupiter through the inner Solar System. JUICE was launched on April 14, 2023. Once it reaches Venus, it will conduct a flyby of the second planet from the sun, pinging it back to Earth. Two more gravity assists will happen in 2026 and 2029, after which JUICE will move towards Jupiter and its moons. JUICE is targeting to be on Jupiter by July 2031. "The gravity assist flyby was flawless; everything went without a hitch, and we were thrilled to see Juice coming back so close to Earth," JUICE Spacecraft Operations Manager Ignacio Tanco said in a statement. Juice also clicked some fascinating photos of Earth when it flew just 6840 km above Southeast Asia and the Pacific Ocean. It used its onboard monitoring cameras to take the pictures and collected scientific data with eight of its ten instruments. It earlier took photos of moon as well. All these flybys will help JUICE reach Jupiter using minimal fuel as the gravitational tides of planets and moon can help slingshot the spacecraft toward its final destination. The flyby required ultra-precise, real-time navigation, and has helped save around 150 kilogrammes of fuel. With this, JUICE can now get much closer to the Jovian moon Ganymede than planned. Also Read: A lost, sunken ocean has been found at Earth's inner core “Thanks to very precise navigation by ESA’s Flight Dynamics team, we managed to use only a tiny fraction of the propellant reserved for this flyby. This will add to the margins we keep for a rainy day, or to extend the science mission once we get to Jupiter,” adds Ignacio. JUICE's camera JANUS takes pictures of Earth and Moon Juice also clicked some fascinating photos when it flew just 6840 km above Southeast Asia and the Pacific Ocean. It used its onboard monitoring cameras to take pictures and collected scientific data with eight of its ten instruments. It had earlier taken pictures of the moon. ESA said that it expects to publish images and spectra collected by some of Juice’s instruments in the next weeks. This includes high-resolution images of the Moon and Earth clicked by Juice’s scientific camera, JANUS. Juice’s speed increased by 0.9 km/s relative to the Sun following the lunar flyby. The flyby of Earth reduced Juice’s speed by 4.8 km/s relative to the Sun, from where its trajectory changed, directing it towards Venus.

Journey to Jupiter: JUICE slingshots by Earth en route to Venus after historic flyby

Our universe is full of mysteries and wonders, most of which are beyond our comprehension. Planets outside our solar system, called exoplanets, are one such marvel since their discovery in the early 1990s.

Most of the exoplanets orbit other stars. However, there are some known as rogue planets, which float freely in space and are not bound to a star. NASA. so far,&nbsp;has discovered over 5,200 exoplanets. It is believed that about a billion remain undiscovered by mankind.

Also Read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/astronomers-introduce-black-hole-finder-for-citizens-to-find-newly-formed-cosmic-gas-giants-752301">Astronomers introduce Black Hole Finder for citizens to find newly-formed cosmic gas giants</a>

<h2>6 Unusual exoplanets in the universe</h2>

<h3>HD 189733 b</h3>

<img alt="HD 189733 b" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="d45d4840-3faf-432f-8f9e-390df7a58331" src="//cdn.wionews.com/sites/default/files/inline-images/3_133.jpg" />

(Photo credit: Wikimedia)

This planet appears like a calm, glassy blue marble, but in reality has turbulent weather. The surface of HD 189733 b receives molten glass rains along with supersonic winds of speed about 5,600 miles per hour. It has an extended atmosphere that captures much more radiation. The planet was discovered by NASA in 2005 and has been observed by scientists for its unique weather and atmosphere.

<h3>WASP-76b</h3>

<img alt="WASP-76b" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="c18c2416-8bfd-495a-a733-fb3d5903baa1" src="//cdn.wionews.com/sites/default/files/inline-images/2_162.jpg" />

(Photo credit: Wikimedia)

Spotted in 2013, WASP-76b is an exoplanet where it rains molten iron. One side of the planet remains exposed to the Sun, causing the temperatures to reach as high as 2,500 degrees Celsius, which can vaporise iron. The other side of the planet experiences rains of molten iron after the iron vapour is carried there by the strong winds.

<h3>Gliese 1132 b</h3>

<img alt="Gliese 1132 b" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="299f0374-96c7-4669-8977-c4d5720b243c" src="//cdn.wionews.com/sites/default/files/inline-images/4_83.jpg" />

(Photo credit: Wikimedia)

Similar to our planet in more than one way, Gliese 1132 b has its radius, mass, and even age much like the Earth. However, it orbits its dwarf star much closer and only takes about 1.6 Earth days to complete the orbit. Due to its proximity, it has a much higher temperature of about 137 degrees Celsius and experiences intense radiation, which results in high volcanic activity. The gases released create a second atmosphere around the surface.

<h3>Upsilon Andromeda b</h3>

<img alt="Upsilon Andromeda b" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="7936401f-4230-445f-be8b-9da8bd8ed670" src="//cdn.wionews.com/sites/default/files/inline-images/5_87.jpg" />

(Photo credit: Wikimedia)

This exoplanet is tidally locked to its star and experiences temperatures as high as 1,600 degrees Celsius on its dayside. The nightside experiences cold temperatures as low as minus 20 degrees Celsius. According to NASA the reason for this huge difference between the temperatures of the two sides could be the massive size of its parent star, which creates a hot spot hitting directly over it.

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/journey-to-jupiter-juice-slingshots-by-earth-en-route-to-venus-after-historic-flyby-photos-752121">Journey to Jupiter: JUICE slingshots by Earth en route to Venus after historic flyby</a>

<h3>Kepler-10b</h3>

<img alt="Kepler-10b" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="7ef2da0a-3d61-411c-a800-29091c8e17c7" src="//cdn.wionews.com/sites/default/files/inline-images/6_56.jpg" />

(Photo credit: Wikimedia)

This exoplanet was discovered by the Kepler telescope in 2001 and tidally locked to its star, which is similar to the Sun. It has a hot surface temperature of over 1,300 degrees Celsius and it is&nbsp;likely covered with lava. The exoplanet&nbsp;also creates molten droplets of silicates and iron and experiences harsh radiation.

<h3>TOI-178 system</h3>

<img alt="TOI-178 system" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="db9aae24-d45f-4393-9b9f-0298005e1451" src="//cdn.wionews.com/sites/default/files/inline-images/7_50.jpg" />

(Photo credit: Wikimedia)

This unusual planetary system looks like any other at first glance. However, at least five planets of the TOI-178 system orbit in perfect rhythmic sync with each other. The planets orbit their orange dwarf parent star in an alignment at regular intervals.

(With inputs from agencies)

Our universe is full of mysteries and wonders, most of which are beyond our comprehension. Planets outside our solar system, called exoplanets, are one such marvel since their discovery in the early 1990s.

Our universe is full of mysteries and wonders, most of which are beyond our comprehension. Planets outside our solar system, called exoplanets, are one such marvel since their discovery in the early 1990s. Most of the exoplanets orbit other stars. However, there are some known as rogue planets, which float freely in space and are not bound to a star. NASA. so far, has discovered over 5,200 exoplanets. It is believed that about a billion remain undiscovered by mankind. Also Read | Astronomers introduce Black Hole Finder for citizens to find newly-formed cosmic gas giants 6 Unusual exoplanets in the universe HD 189733 b (Photo credit: Wikimedia) This planet appears like a calm, glassy blue marble, but in reality has turbulent weather. The surface of HD 189733 b receives molten glass rains along with supersonic winds of speed about 5,600 miles per hour. It has an extended atmosphere that captures much more radiation. The planet was discovered by NASA in 2005 and has been observed by scientists for its unique weather and atmosphere. WASP-76b (Photo credit: Wikimedia) Spotted in 2013, WASP-76b is an exoplanet where it rains molten iron. One side of the planet remains exposed to the Sun, causing the temperatures to reach as high as 2,500 degrees Celsius, which can vaporise iron. The other side of the planet experiences rains of molten iron after the iron vapour is carried there by the strong winds. Gliese 1132 b (Photo credit: Wikimedia) Similar to our planet in more than one way, Gliese 1132 b has its radius, mass, and even age much like the Earth. However, it orbits its dwarf star much closer and only takes about 1.6 Earth days to complete the orbit. Due to its proximity, it has a much higher temperature of about 137 degrees Celsius and experiences intense radiation, which results in high volcanic activity. The gases released create a second atmosphere around the surface. Upsilon Andromeda b (Photo credit: Wikimedia) This exoplanet is tidally locked to its star and experiences temperatures as high as 1,600 degrees Celsius on its dayside. The nightside experiences cold temperatures as low as minus 20 degrees Celsius. According to NASA the reason for this huge difference between the temperatures of the two sides could be the massive size of its parent star, which creates a hot spot hitting directly over it. Also read | Journey to Jupiter: JUICE slingshots by Earth en route to Venus after historic flyby Kepler-10b (Photo credit: Wikimedia) This exoplanet was discovered by the Kepler telescope in 2001 and tidally locked to its star, which is similar to the Sun. It has a hot surface temperature of over 1,300 degrees Celsius and it is likely covered with lava. The exoplanet also creates molten droplets of silicates and iron and experiences harsh radiation. TOI-178 system (Photo credit: Wikimedia) This unusual planetary system looks like any other at first glance. However, at least five planets of the TOI-178 system orbit in perfect rhythmic sync with each other. The planets orbit their orange dwarf parent star in an alignment at regular intervals. (With inputs from agencies)

Explore the Universe: 6 unusual exoplanets you won't believe exist

In an era marked by environmental challenges, the concept of eco-anxiety has emerged as an overwhelming toll on our hearts and minds.

<h2>Eco-Anxiety: The silent struggle</h2>

As people around the world grapple with environmental issues causing climate crisis, ranging from pollution, deforestation, forest fires and heat waves, there has emerged a profound sense of worry and helplessness.&nbsp;

This in many cases leads to a new form of psychological distress, for which experts have coined the term: "Eco-Anxiety".

The American Psychological Association (APA) recognises it as a "chronic fear of environmental doom".&nbsp;

The term encapsulates the psychological impact of ecological concerns faced by individuals as they witness the degradation of our environment and see its visible effects like smog-blanketed skies — daily reminders of the challenges our planet and we face.

<h2>Pollution and mental health</h2>

Recently, the Indian capital New Delhi has been living under a blanket of toxic air, which has made it hard for people to breathe.&nbsp;

There were days when the AQI (Air Quality Index) levels plummeted to a hazardous level of up to 999 in some areas. Naturally, this gave rise to a number of health problems. While many landed in hospitals, others battled a silent enemy.

Recent research has also shed light on the connection between pollution and mental health. Studies indicate that exposure to air pollution can contribute to an increased risk of mental health issues.

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/india-news/new-delhi-gets-a-breather-overnight-rains-bring-clear-smog-657159">New Delhi gets a breather, overnight rains bring relief, clear smog</a>

Talking to WION, Shannon Olsson, a chemical ecologist with over 20 years of experience said that for Delhi, the well-known pollution causes like vehicular emissions, stubble burning etc "come together in (a) perfect storm to create these incredibly high pollution levels which are really a little hard to comprehend even when you're in Delhi".

<h2>A sense of helplessness&nbsp;</h2>

Olsson, who is the Danish Academy of Technical Sciences (ATV) Special Scientific Envoy to India, said that natural disasters, coupled with wars and the many crises lead to a "helplessness that you feel as an individual".

"You feel like, what can I possibly do to try to control this? It feels like you have very little control and that produces obviously a fear because also these things are dangerous."

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/baltic-sea-situation-dire-due-to-human-activities-and-global-warming-report-654606">Baltic Sea in 'dire' state due to human activities and global warming: Report</a>

Olsson, the Founder and Global Director at the echo network says that eco-anxiety can manifest helplessness similar to what one feels when "they've lost a loved one or lost a job," which then "causes huge anxiety" especially among "children and our youth who are growing up in these environments where they feel very, very insecure about their own futures."

This sense of helplessness is also felt by parents.

Talking to WION, Neha Sonawane, a lawyer and a new mother, summed up the eco-anxiety felt by parents in one line: "As I started on this journey of parenthood, it is mostly this feeling of overwhelming sense of responsibility for the world".

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<h5>"My child would inherit the reality of climate change along with man made disasters and wars".</h5>
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"I don't know how much my small footprint matters in this larger carbon footprint, but I can try and I can hope that I teach my child a kind, more sustainable method of living," she added.

<h2>How to deal with eco-anxiety?</h2>

Like any other mental health concern, seeking professional help is a must. Along with that, it takes effort.

"Anything like air pollution, it can't be dealt with by one person, it requires a concerted effort and I think this is one of the major limiting factors," says Olsson.

Living sustainably is another way.

"There are lots of ways that we can reduce our impact on the environment by reusing items by reducing our usage of things like plastic by trying to walk as much as possible by trying to reduce or trying to take public transport as it's available to us."

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/astronomers-want-to-give-space-a-socially-conscious-makeover-push-for-renaming-magellan-galaxies-658473">Scientists call to rename Magellan galaxies alleging their namesake had a violent legacy</a>

"There's many things that we can do and there's lots of alternatives coming out all the time so just keeping our minds open to what is available to us. And there's lots of cool startups in India right now that are doing really great things, really wonderful, sustainable things that helps me a lot because it helps me to know that there are really wonderful people doing great things and that reduces my anxiety by just seeing that light in other people," she adds.

However, as per Olsson, all is not bad.

"As a scientist I can tell you if you look at the statistics, the world is actually getting better. Overall, people are living better, things are getting better. The world is actually not as bad as it seems. We just have to keep that hope and keep trying."&nbsp;

"So the important thing I say is, do not give up, do not just sit down and say there's nothing, the world is ending. Because it's not."

In an era marked by environmental challenges, the concept of eco-anxiety has emerged as an overwhelming toll on our hearts and minds. Eco-Anxiety: The silent struggle As people around the world grapple with environmental issues causing climate crisis, ranging from pollution, deforestation, forest fires and heat waves, there has emerged a profound sense of worry and helplessness.

In an era marked by environmental challenges, the concept of eco-anxiety has emerged as an overwhelming toll on our hearts and minds. Eco-Anxiety: The silent struggle As people around the world grapple with environmental issues causing climate crisis, ranging from pollution, deforestation, forest fires and heat waves, there has emerged a profound sense of worry and helplessness. This in many cases leads to a new form of psychological distress, for which experts have coined the term: "Eco-Anxiety". The American Psychological Association (APA) recognises it as a "chronic fear of environmental doom". The term encapsulates the psychological impact of ecological concerns faced by individuals as they witness the degradation of our environment and see its visible effects like smog-blanketed skies — daily reminders of the challenges our planet and we face. Pollution and mental health Recently, the Indian capital New Delhi has been living under a blanket of toxic air, which has made it hard for people to breathe. There were days when the AQI (Air Quality Index) levels plummeted to a hazardous level of up to 999 in some areas. Naturally, this gave rise to a number of health problems. While many landed in hospitals, others battled a silent enemy. Recent research has also shed light on the connection between pollution and mental health. Studies indicate that exposure to air pollution can contribute to an increased risk of mental health issues. Also read | New Delhi gets a breather, overnight rains bring relief, clear smog Talking to WION, Shannon Olsson, a chemical ecologist with over 20 years of experience said that for Delhi, the well-known pollution causes like vehicular emissions, stubble burning etc "come together in (a) perfect storm to create these incredibly high pollution levels which are really a little hard to comprehend even when you're in Delhi". A sense of helplessness Olsson, who is the Danish Academy of Technical Sciences (ATV) Special Scientific Envoy to India, said that natural disasters, coupled with wars and the many crises lead to a "helplessness that you feel as an individual". "You feel like, what can I possibly do to try to control this? It feels like you have very little control and that produces obviously a fear because also these things are dangerous." Also read | Baltic Sea in 'dire' state due to human activities and global warming: Report Olsson, the Founder and Global Director at the echo network says that eco-anxiety can manifest helplessness similar to what one feels when "they've lost a loved one or lost a job," which then "causes huge anxiety" especially among "children and our youth who are growing up in these environments where they feel very, very insecure about their own futures." This sense of helplessness is also felt by parents. Talking to WION, Neha Sonawane, a lawyer and a new mother, summed up the eco-anxiety felt by parents in one line: "As I started on this journey of parenthood, it is mostly this feeling of overwhelming sense of responsibility for the world". "My child would inherit the reality of climate change along with man made disasters and wars". × "I don't know how much my small footprint matters in this larger carbon footprint, but I can try and I can hope that I teach my child a kind, more sustainable method of living," she added. How to deal with eco-anxiety? Like any other mental health concern, seeking professional help is a must. Along with that, it takes effort. "Anything like air pollution, it can't be dealt with by one person, it requires a concerted effort and I think this is one of the major limiting factors," says Olsson. Living sustainably is another way. "There are lots of ways that we can reduce our impact on the environment by reusing items by reducing our usage of things like plastic by trying to walk as much as possible by trying to reduce or trying to take public transport as it's available to us." Also read | Scientists call to rename Magellan galaxies alleging their namesake had a violent legacy "There's many things that we can do and there's lots of alternatives coming out all the time so just keeping our minds open to what is available to us. And there's lots of cool startups in India right now that are doing really great things, really wonderful, sustainable things that helps me a lot because it helps me to know that there are really wonderful people doing great things and that reduces my anxiety by just seeing that light in other people," she adds. However, as per Olsson, all is not bad. "As a scientist I can tell you if you look at the statistics, the world is actually getting better. Overall, people are living better, things are getting better. The world is actually not as bad as it seems. We just have to keep that hope and keep trying." "So the important thing I say is, do not give up, do not just sit down and say there's nothing, the world is ending. Because it's not."

Pollution, climate crisis, and more: 'Eco-anxiety' driving up 'impending sense of doom'

The way in which humans hunted big animals in the Ice Age has always been a topic of debate and interest.&nbsp;

It was believed till now that carefully sharpened spears were thrown at animals by humans to hunt them down and feast on them.

However, archaeologists at UC Berkeley have now suggested that perhaps the pointed spears were planted in the ground with the sharp point of the weapon angled upwards in a way that a charging animal's body would be impaled by it.

This way the spear would have gone deeper into the body of the predator and caused more damage.

A team of Berkeley archaeologists looked into various sources of writings and artwork and even reviewed historical evidence related to people hunting with planted spears.

The scientists also carried out the first experimental study of stone weapons which emphasised pike-hunting techniques while revealing how spears react to the simulated force of an animal.

Also Read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/scientists-find-rare-rock-art-in-caves-of-amazon-telling-different-tale-of-humans-and-animals-745500">Scientists find rare rock art in caves of Amazon telling different tale of humans and animals</a>

As per the researchers, once the sharpened rock pierced into the flesh and started its engineered mounting system, the spear tip worked like a modern-day hollow-point bullet and caused serious wounds to the animals.

"This ancient Native American design was an amazing innovation in hunting strategies," said Scott Byram, who is the first author of&nbsp;a paper&nbsp;on the topic published in the journal&nbsp;PLOS ONE.

"This distinctive Indigenous technology is providing a window into hunting and survival techniques used for millennia throughout much of the world," he added.

"You have to look beyond the simple artefact. One of the things that's key here is that we're looking at this as an engineered system that requires multiple kinds of sub-specialities within our field and other fields," Byram stated.

<h2>How did scientists measure the force of the spear system?</h2>

To understand the pike hypothesis, the team of researchers formed a test platform to measure how much force a spear system can withstand before the point gets snapped and the shaft is expanded.&nbsp;

Watch:&nbsp;Study finds Chimpanzees maybe able to speak like humans

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A replica of the Clovis point spear was used in their low-tech version of an animal attack to test how various spears reached breaking points and how the expansion system reacted.

"The sophisticated Clovis technology that developed independently in North America is testimony to the ingenuity and skills that early Indigenous people employed in their cohabitation of the ancient landscape with now-extinct megafauna," said the study's co-author Kent Lightfoot.&nbsp;

(With inputs from agencies)

The way in which humans hunted big animals in the Ice Age has always been a topic of debate and interest. It was believed till now that carefully sharpened spears were thrown at animals by humans to hunt them down and feast on them.

The way in which humans hunted big animals in the Ice Age has always been a topic of debate and interest. It was believed till now that carefully sharpened spears were thrown at animals by humans to hunt them down and feast on them. However, archaeologists at UC Berkeley have now suggested that perhaps the pointed spears were planted in the ground with the sharp point of the weapon angled upwards in a way that a charging animal's body would be impaled by it. This way the spear would have gone deeper into the body of the predator and caused more damage. A team of Berkeley archaeologists looked into various sources of writings and artwork and even reviewed historical evidence related to people hunting with planted spears. The scientists also carried out the first experimental study of stone weapons which emphasised pike-hunting techniques while revealing how spears react to the simulated force of an animal. Also Read: Scientists find rare rock art in caves of Amazon telling different tale of humans and animals As per the researchers, once the sharpened rock pierced into the flesh and started its engineered mounting system, the spear tip worked like a modern-day hollow-point bullet and caused serious wounds to the animals. "This ancient Native American design was an amazing innovation in hunting strategies," said Scott Byram, who is the first author of a paper on the topic published in the journal PLOS ONE. "This distinctive Indigenous technology is providing a window into hunting and survival techniques used for millennia throughout much of the world," he added. "You have to look beyond the simple artefact. One of the things that's key here is that we're looking at this as an engineered system that requires multiple kinds of sub-specialities within our field and other fields," Byram stated. How did scientists measure the force of the spear system? To understand the pike hypothesis, the team of researchers formed a test platform to measure how much force a spear system can withstand before the point gets snapped and the shaft is expanded. Watch: Study finds Chimpanzees maybe able to speak like humans A replica of the Clovis point spear was used in their low-tech version of an animal attack to test how various spears reached breaking points and how the expansion system reacted. "The sophisticated Clovis technology that developed independently in North America is testimony to the ingenuity and skills that early Indigenous people employed in their cohabitation of the ancient landscape with now-extinct megafauna," said the study's co-author Kent Lightfoot. (With inputs from agencies)

Humans planted pikes and did not throw spears to kill mammoths in Ice Age: Study

Astronomers have taken a very interesting initiative and introduced an application, known as Black Hole Finder, which can help citizens spot newly-formed black holes.

The app has been launched by the Dutch Black Hole Consortium in eight languages and is now available for citizens to use worldwide. Earlier, it was only available in Dutch and English, but now, the makers have added Spanish, German, Chinese, Bengali, Polish, and Italian which has widened the reach of this app.

Space enthusiasts across the world have been appealed to help scientists identify the sources which are interesting and should be followed up, which is known as potential kilonovas.

Also Read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/nasa-is-on-alert-as-a-massive-aeroplane-sized-asteroid-closely-approaches-earth-751985">NASA is on alert as a massive aeroplane-sized asteroid closely approaches Earth</a>

The first and only kilonova observed was on August 18, 2017, when a brief flash of light led to the merger of two neutron stars. Because of the merger, a stellar-mass black hole was formed.&nbsp;

<h2>AI to guide astronomers in determining interesting sources</h2>

Because there are many candidate sources, artificial intelligence techniques will be used by the astronomers to decide which of those interesting sources can be ignored.

"People are still much better at identifying patterns than our algorithms. By using the app, citizens across the world can help train our AI-algorithms to distinguish between real and false sources and pinpoint the most interesting candidate sources more quickly," Steven Bloemen (Radboud University, the Netherlands), project manager of the BlackGEM telescopes said.

Watch:&nbsp;Stuck in space for 52 days, no way home for astronauts; Helium leaks delaying return

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The citizens who will have a track record of spotting real sources can trigger follow-up observations with the Las Cumbres Observatory (LCO) network of robotic telescopes.

"The LCO director has kindly agreed to allow citizens to trigger their 0.4m telescopes to conduct follow-up observations directly from the app when the user deems this necessary. This will provide information astronomers can use to determine if one of the real events is a kilonova," added Peter Jonker (Radboud University, the Netherlands), PI of the citizen science app and co-PI of the Dutch Black Hole Consortium.

(With inputs from agencies)

Astronomers have taken a very interesting initiative and introduced an application, known as Black Hole Finder, which can help citizens spot newly-formed black holes.

Astronomers have taken a very interesting initiative and introduced an application, known as Black Hole Finder, which can help citizens spot newly-formed black holes. The app has been launched by the Dutch Black Hole Consortium in eight languages and is now available for citizens to use worldwide. Earlier, it was only available in Dutch and English, but now, the makers have added Spanish, German, Chinese, Bengali, Polish, and Italian which has widened the reach of this app. Space enthusiasts across the world have been appealed to help scientists identify the sources which are interesting and should be followed up, which is known as potential kilonovas. Also Read: NASA is on alert as a massive aeroplane-sized asteroid closely approaches Earth The first and only kilonova observed was on August 18, 2017, when a brief flash of light led to the merger of two neutron stars. Because of the merger, a stellar-mass black hole was formed. AI to guide astronomers in determining interesting sources Because there are many candidate sources, artificial intelligence techniques will be used by the astronomers to decide which of those interesting sources can be ignored. "People are still much better at identifying patterns than our algorithms. By using the app, citizens across the world can help train our AI-algorithms to distinguish between real and false sources and pinpoint the most interesting candidate sources more quickly," Steven Bloemen (Radboud University, the Netherlands), project manager of the BlackGEM telescopes said. Watch: Stuck in space for 52 days, no way home for astronauts; Helium leaks delaying return The citizens who will have a track record of spotting real sources can trigger follow-up observations with the Las Cumbres Observatory (LCO) network of robotic telescopes. "The LCO director has kindly agreed to allow citizens to trigger their 0.4m telescopes to conduct follow-up observations directly from the app when the user deems this necessary. This will provide information astronomers can use to determine if one of the real events is a kilonova," added Peter Jonker (Radboud University, the Netherlands), PI of the citizen science app and co-PI of the Dutch Black Hole Consortium. (With inputs from agencies)

Astronomers introduce Black Hole Finder for citizens to find newly-formed cosmic gas giants

A new dinosaur species has been discovered which walked the region of Kyrgyzstan in Central Asia around 165 million years ago. Alpkarakush kyrgyzicus is the first theropod dinosaur found in this area. &nbsp;Kyrgyz palaeontologist Aizek Bakirov discovered the fossil of these dinosaurs for the first time in 2006 in the mountainous desert region near the city of Tashkumyr from the Balabansai Formation.

Notably, the name "kyrgyzicus" refers to the Kyrgyz Republic.&nbsp;

Most dinosaurs who were predators, such as Tyrannosaurus and Allosaurus, belonged to the Theropod group of dinosaurs. It is one of the most important large group of dinosaurs. Several varieties of them also lived during the Mesozoic Era. These predators lived in specific regions on Earth.&nbsp;

However, no giant predatory dinosaurs had yet been found between central Europe and East Asia. But the new discovery changes this.

<h2>Bizarre eyebrow bone</h2>

Excavation work done in the region between 2006 and 2023 revealed different body parts of the dinosaur, such as skull bones, dorsal and pelvic vertebrae, fragments of the shoulder girdle and forelimbs.

Also Read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/trending/goat-plague-outbreak-in-europe-raises-alarm-can-it-infect-humans-752204">'Goat plague' outbreak in Europe raises alarm. Can it infect humans?</a>

Scientists also found an almost complete pelvic girdle and hind limbs of a dinosaur that was 8-9 metres long. Remains of a smaller Alpkarakush kyrgyzicus were also found at the site.

This dinosaur belongs to a previously unknown species and exhibits some fascinating body features. An unusual “eyebrow” bone is one of the most striking features of this dinosaur and likely held a horn once.&nbsp;

Other studies conducted show that the species belongs to the metriacanthosaurids, and is linked to the predatory dinosaurs of East Asia.&nbsp;

"This discovery closes a huge gap in our knowledge of the Jurassic theropods. It leads us to important new insights into the evolution and biogeography of these animals," Prof. Oliver Rauhut from the Bavarian Collection of Paleontology and Geology in Munich (SNSB-BSPG) said.&nbsp;

He is the first author of the study that has been published in the Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society.

A new dinosaur species has been discovered which walked the region of Kyrgyzstan in Central Asia around 165 million years ago. Alpkarakush kyrgyzicus is the first theropod dinosaur found in this area.

A new dinosaur species has been discovered which walked the region of Kyrgyzstan in Central Asia around 165 million years ago. Alpkarakush kyrgyzicus is the first theropod dinosaur found in this area. Kyrgyz palaeontologist Aizek Bakirov discovered the fossil of these dinosaurs for the first time in 2006 in the mountainous desert region near the city of Tashkumyr from the Balabansai Formation. Notably, the name "kyrgyzicus" refers to the Kyrgyz Republic. Most dinosaurs who were predators, such as Tyrannosaurus and Allosaurus, belonged to the Theropod group of dinosaurs. It is one of the most important large group of dinosaurs. Several varieties of them also lived during the Mesozoic Era. These predators lived in specific regions on Earth. However, no giant predatory dinosaurs had yet been found between central Europe and East Asia. But the new discovery changes this. Bizarre eyebrow bone Excavation work done in the region between 2006 and 2023 revealed different body parts of the dinosaur, such as skull bones, dorsal and pelvic vertebrae, fragments of the shoulder girdle and forelimbs. Also Read: 'Goat plague' outbreak in Europe raises alarm. Can it infect humans? Scientists also found an almost complete pelvic girdle and hind limbs of a dinosaur that was 8-9 metres long. Remains of a smaller Alpkarakush kyrgyzicus were also found at the site. This dinosaur belongs to a previously unknown species and exhibits some fascinating body features. An unusual “eyebrow” bone is one of the most striking features of this dinosaur and likely held a horn once. Other studies conducted show that the species belongs to the metriacanthosaurids, and is linked to the predatory dinosaurs of East Asia. "This discovery closes a huge gap in our knowledge of the Jurassic theropods. It leads us to important new insights into the evolution and biogeography of these animals," Prof. Oliver Rauhut from the Bavarian Collection of Paleontology and Geology in Munich (SNSB-BSPG) said. He is the first author of the study that has been published in the Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society.

New dinosaur species with bizarre brow bone lived in Kyrgyzstan 165 million years ago

A disastrous scenario involving Antarctica's gigantic ice sheet is recounted every time there is talk of climate change. This sheet is likely to break apart in the future which will prove catastrophic to the world’s coasts. Scientists describe the event as one where after the floating edges of these ice sheets melt away, all that would be left are huge cliffs of ice.&nbsp;

These tall and steep cliffs would be left unstable and slowly, massive chunks of ice will start breaking away. This cycle will continue until everything breaks apart and falls into the ocean. Combined with high levels of emissions of heat-trapping gases, the event in Antarctica will add more than a foot to sea levels across the world by the end of the century.&nbsp;

United Nations’ latest assessment of sea-level increase includes this possible scenario as a “low-likelihood, high-impact” possibility. However, the chain of events is still only a theory.

Now, a group of scientists says that this occurrence might not happen as envisioned and the likelihood of it happening in the above-described manner is remote. This does not mean that Antarctica's ice will not be affected by the increasing temperature of our planet. However, according to new evidence, the ice cliffs might not collapse one after another.

Also Read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/humpback-whales-are-expert-tool-makers-blow-and-alter-bubble-nets-to-752189">Humpback whales are expert tool makers; blow and alter bubble nets to...</a>

“The Antarctic ice sheet is going to disappear; this is going to happen. The question is how fast," Mathieu Morlighem, a professor of earth science at Dartmouth College and research leader, said.&nbsp;

<h2>What will happen to the Antarctic ice sheet?</h2>

Dr. Morlighem says how ice breaks apart under stress is still unclear. So the world may or may not have a lot of time to act against it and take steps to stay safe. In any case, the disintegration of this ice will have a huge impact on our civilisation and the environment.&nbsp;

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Thwaites Glacier formed the focus of the study. It is the size of Florida and among the fastest receding and unstable in Antarctica. They ran simulations on two “worst-case scenarios” for Thwaites. In the first, they tested what would happen if the glacier’s floating edge completely disappeared today.

Then they tested the aftermath if the shelf vanished in 2065. In the latter case, the glacier would expose ice cliffs higher than the ones currently near the water’s edge.

They found that once the ice shelf goes away, the rest of the ice also starts melting away and flowing more quickly into the sea. The cliffs do not get a chance to become taller and so no runaway breakdown happens.&nbsp;

A disastrous scenario involving Antarctica's gigantic ice sheet is recounted every time there is talk of climate change. This sheet is likely to break apart in the future which will prove catastrophic to the world’s coasts.

A disastrous scenario involving Antarctica's gigantic ice sheet is recounted every time there is talk of climate change. This sheet is likely to break apart in the future which will prove catastrophic to the world’s coasts. Scientists describe the event as one where after the floating edges of these ice sheets melt away, all that would be left are huge cliffs of ice. These tall and steep cliffs would be left unstable and slowly, massive chunks of ice will start breaking away. This cycle will continue until everything breaks apart and falls into the ocean. Combined with high levels of emissions of heat-trapping gases, the event in Antarctica will add more than a foot to sea levels across the world by the end of the century. United Nations’ latest assessment of sea-level increase includes this possible scenario as a “low-likelihood, high-impact” possibility. However, the chain of events is still only a theory. Now, a group of scientists says that this occurrence might not happen as envisioned and the likelihood of it happening in the above-described manner is remote. This does not mean that Antarctica's ice will not be affected by the increasing temperature of our planet. However, according to new evidence, the ice cliffs might not collapse one after another. Also Read: Humpback whales are expert tool makers; blow and alter bubble nets to... “The Antarctic ice sheet is going to disappear; this is going to happen. The question is how fast," Mathieu Morlighem, a professor of earth science at Dartmouth College and research leader, said. What will happen to the Antarctic ice sheet? Dr. Morlighem says how ice breaks apart under stress is still unclear. So the world may or may not have a lot of time to act against it and take steps to stay safe. In any case, the disintegration of this ice will have a huge impact on our civilisation and the environment. × Thwaites Glacier formed the focus of the study. It is the size of Florida and among the fastest receding and unstable in Antarctica. They ran simulations on two “worst-case scenarios” for Thwaites. In the first, they tested what would happen if the glacier’s floating edge completely disappeared today. Then they tested the aftermath if the shelf vanished in 2065. In the latter case, the glacier would expose ice cliffs higher than the ones currently near the water’s edge. They found that once the ice shelf goes away, the rest of the ice also starts melting away and flowing more quickly into the sea. The cliffs do not get a chance to become taller and so no runaway breakdown happens.

Antarctica ice sheet might avert dramatic collapse, but it will disappear

In a bizarre study, scientists have observed that pythons may eventually prove helpful in curing heart diseases like cardiac fibrosis.

Scientists have observed that after devouring its prey, the heart of the python grows 25 per cent in the first 24 hours and eventually the cardiac tissue softens and the organ doubles its pulse.

In this process, many specialised genes come into action and boost the metabolism of the snake. Two weeks after the food has been digested, all the systems go back to normal and the heart remains slightly larger and stronger.&nbsp;

According to CU Boulder researchers, this process can lead to the creation of novel treatments for someone suffering from human heart conditions like cardiac fibrosis, in which heart tissue gets stiffened.

Also Read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/trending/snake-alert-huge-python-swallows-woman-partner-finds-her-legs-in-reptiles-mouth-737450">Snake alert! Huge python swallows woman, partner finds her legs in reptile’s mouth</a>

"Pythons can go months or even a year in the wild without eating and then consume something greater than their own body mass, yet nothing bad happens to them," said senior author Leslie Leinwand.

Leinwand is the chief scientific officer of the BioFrontiers Institute and professor of molecular, cellular and&nbsp;developmental biology&nbsp;at CU Boulder.

"We believe they possess mechanisms that protect their hearts from things that would be harmful to humans. This study goes a long way toward mapping out what those are," Leinwand said.

<h2>Here's how reptiles will help cure human heart</h2>

Leinwand began studying the pythons around two decades ago and her lab is among the few who are looking into non-venomous reptiles to find ways in which human health can be improved.

"Most people who use animal models to study disease and health typically focus on rats and mice, but there is a lot to learn from animals like pythons that have evolved ways to survive in extreme environments," Leinwand said.

In humans, there are two kinds of heart growth, said Leinwand. There are healthy hearts which have chronic endurance and unhealthy ones which have the disease.

Watch:&nbsp;Rising sea temperatures put the lives of animals in Galapagos Islands endangered

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Pythons, similar to elite athletes, are good at healthy heart growth.

In the study carried out, the pythons were fasted for 28 days and then given a meal of 25% of their&nbsp;body weight after which they were compared to the snakes who had not been fed.

It was observed that the hearts of the well-fed snakes grew and the specialised bundles of cardiac muscle known as myofibrils, which help the heart expand and contract, had turned radically soft and contracted with around 50 per cent greater force.&nbsp;

(With inputs from agencies)

In a bizarre study, scientists have observed that pythons may eventually prove helpful in curing heart diseases like cardiac fibrosis. Scientists have observed that after devouring its prey, the heart of the python grows 25 per cent in the first 24 hours and eventually the cardiac tissue softens and the organ doubles its pulse.

In a bizarre study, scientists have observed that pythons may eventually prove helpful in curing heart diseases like cardiac fibrosis. Scientists have observed that after devouring its prey, the heart of the python grows 25 per cent in the first 24 hours and eventually the cardiac tissue softens and the organ doubles its pulse. In this process, many specialised genes come into action and boost the metabolism of the snake. Two weeks after the food has been digested, all the systems go back to normal and the heart remains slightly larger and stronger. According to CU Boulder researchers, this process can lead to the creation of novel treatments for someone suffering from human heart conditions like cardiac fibrosis, in which heart tissue gets stiffened. Also Read: Snake alert! Huge python swallows woman, partner finds her legs in reptile’s mouth "Pythons can go months or even a year in the wild without eating and then consume something greater than their own body mass, yet nothing bad happens to them," said senior author Leslie Leinwand. Leinwand is the chief scientific officer of the BioFrontiers Institute and professor of molecular, cellular and developmental biology at CU Boulder. "We believe they possess mechanisms that protect their hearts from things that would be harmful to humans. This study goes a long way toward mapping out what those are," Leinwand said. Here's how reptiles will help cure human heart Leinwand began studying the pythons around two decades ago and her lab is among the few who are looking into non-venomous reptiles to find ways in which human health can be improved. "Most people who use animal models to study disease and health typically focus on rats and mice, but there is a lot to learn from animals like pythons that have evolved ways to survive in extreme environments," Leinwand said. In humans, there are two kinds of heart growth, said Leinwand. There are healthy hearts which have chronic endurance and unhealthy ones which have the disease. Watch: Rising sea temperatures put the lives of animals in Galapagos Islands endangered Pythons, similar to elite athletes, are good at healthy heart growth. In the study carried out, the pythons were fasted for 28 days and then given a meal of 25% of their body weight after which they were compared to the snakes who had not been fed. It was observed that the hearts of the well-fed snakes grew and the specialised bundles of cardiac muscle known as myofibrils, which help the heart expand and contract, had turned radically soft and contracted with around 50 per cent greater force. (With inputs from agencies)

Pythons may help in curing heart diseases, hints study

For generations, humans have tried to find the elixir which can extend their lives beyond their natural limit and deceive death.&nbsp;

Now, scientists have made a discovery of a gene which has brought humanity very close to this impossible target of achieving longevity.&nbsp;

The gene has been found to possess the capability of promoting cellular repair and reducing the effects of ageing. This discovery has taken the scientific community close to finding methods for extending not just long but healthy lives.

Scientists are now understanding the mechanisms behind this particular longevity gene to find new strategies which can bring significant change in human ageing and lifespan.

Also Read:<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/bird-genes-store-memories-of-dinosaur-extiction-here-is-how-749319">&nbsp;Bird genes 'store' memories of dinosaur extinction: Here is how</a>

The study was carried out by the&nbsp;University of Rochester's team of scientists which comprised Doris Johns Cherry Professor of Biology and Medicine Vera Gorbunova and Professor of Biology Andrei Seluanov.&nbsp;

The Rochester researchers made the dramatic discovery after making a stunning observation of the naked mole rats.

Scientists found that these critters have long lifespans and are able to resist age-related diseases.&nbsp;These rodents are able to survive for nearly 41 years, which is almost a decade longer in comparison to the lives of rodents of their size.&nbsp;

<h2>What can this longevity gene do in the human body?</h2>

In the experiments carried out by the researchers, this specific gene was transferred into the bodies of mice.

This gene produces high molecular weight&nbsp;hyaluronic acid or HMW-HA which led to significant improvement in&nbsp;the health of the mice and also increased their lifespan by around 4.4 per cent.

HMW-HA is a sort of mechanism which has a stunning effect on ageing and diseases.&nbsp;

Watch:&nbsp;Scientists discover reservoir of liquid water on Mars | Is there life on Mars?

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HMW-HA is ten times more in the naked mole rats in comparison to the mice and humans. When the scientists removed it from the naked mole rat cells, the cells had more chances of forming tumours.

HMW-HA has the ability to fend off cancer. It was observed that the modified mice were able to protect themselves from spontaneous tumours as well as chemically induced skin cancer.

It was also noted that they suffered less inflammation, which is a sign of ageing, and had a healthier gut.

This discovery has now brought humans to the threshold of improving lifespan and health&nbsp;while reducing inflammation-related diseases in them.&nbsp;

(With inputs from agencies)&nbsp;

For generations, humans have tried to find the elixir which can extend their lives beyond their natural limit and deceive death. Now, scientists have made a discovery of a gene which has brought humanity very close to this impossible target of achieving longevity.

For generations, humans have tried to find the elixir which can extend their lives beyond their natural limit and deceive death. Now, scientists have made a discovery of a gene which has brought humanity very close to this impossible target of achieving longevity. The gene has been found to possess the capability of promoting cellular repair and reducing the effects of ageing. This discovery has taken the scientific community close to finding methods for extending not just long but healthy lives. Scientists are now understanding the mechanisms behind this particular longevity gene to find new strategies which can bring significant change in human ageing and lifespan. Also Read: Bird genes 'store' memories of dinosaur extinction: Here is how The study was carried out by the University of Rochester's team of scientists which comprised Doris Johns Cherry Professor of Biology and Medicine Vera Gorbunova and Professor of Biology Andrei Seluanov. The Rochester researchers made the dramatic discovery after making a stunning observation of the naked mole rats. Scientists found that these critters have long lifespans and are able to resist age-related diseases. These rodents are able to survive for nearly 41 years, which is almost a decade longer in comparison to the lives of rodents of their size. What can this longevity gene do in the human body? In the experiments carried out by the researchers, this specific gene was transferred into the bodies of mice. This gene produces high molecular weight hyaluronic acid or HMW-HA which led to significant improvement in the health of the mice and also increased their lifespan by around 4.4 per cent. HMW-HA is a sort of mechanism which has a stunning effect on ageing and diseases. Watch: Scientists discover reservoir of liquid water on Mars | Is there life on Mars? HMW-HA is ten times more in the naked mole rats in comparison to the mice and humans. When the scientists removed it from the naked mole rat cells, the cells had more chances of forming tumours. HMW-HA has the ability to fend off cancer. It was observed that the modified mice were able to protect themselves from spontaneous tumours as well as chemically induced skin cancer. It was also noted that they suffered less inflammation, which is a sign of ageing, and had a healthier gut. This discovery has now brought humans to the threshold of improving lifespan and health while reducing inflammation-related diseases in them. (With inputs from agencies)

Scientists discover longevity genes. Here's how it can extend lifespan of humans

Humpback whales have fascinated human beings for a long time. New research has found that these massive creatures not only use tools but also make their own them. They even manipulate and alter them to catch more prey. Whales are known as intelligent marine animals who supposedly also have social structures.

Humpback whales create “bubble nets” to hunt, and as per the new study, they also modify them to attract more fish. “Many animals use tools to help them find food but very few actually create or modify the tools themselves,” Lars Bejder, an author of the study, said in the journal Royal Society Open Science.

The revelations were made after Bejder and his team conducted extensive studies on the humpback whales in the southeast (SE) region of Alaska. This region is a vital feeding hub for the marine animals. The scientists kept a close tab on solitary humpback whales that blow complex bubbles to catch krill.

They noticed that the whales use extraordinary techniques to alter these “bubble nets” to trap more prey. Humpback whales cleverly control the size, depth, and distance between these bubbles, for an efficient hunting process. Using this strategy, the whales can capture seven times more prey in a single dive without using extra energy.&nbsp;

Also Read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/trending/like-invention-of-a-mad-scientist-strange-fish-washes-up-on-oregon-beach-752125">Strange fish, like a 'mad scientist' invention, washes up on Oregon beach</a>

“This impressive behaviour places humpback whales among the rare group of animals that both make and use their own tools for hunting,” Dr Bejder said.

<h2>Why do Humpback whales need more food?</h2>

The bubble net strategy is exclusive to humpbacks who need to capture more prey to survive the winters. The amount of prey caught in summer decides their energy quota for the entire year as they then fall back into these Alaskan waters during colder months.

&nbsp;“We deployed non-invasive suction-cup tags on whales and flew drones over solitary bubble-netting humpback whales in southeast Alaska, collecting data on their underwater movements,” William Gough, another author of the study, said.&nbsp;

The study also sheds light on how enough calorie consumption lets migrating humpback whales traverse the Pacific Ocean. However, since the waters have been warming up due to climate change, their prey is falling in number, leading to the stranding events that are often reported.&nbsp;

Humpback whales have fascinated human beings for a long time. New research has found that these massive creatures not only use tools but also make their own them.

Humpback whales have fascinated human beings for a long time. New research has found that these massive creatures not only use tools but also make their own them. They even manipulate and alter them to catch more prey. Whales are known as intelligent marine animals who supposedly also have social structures. Humpback whales create “bubble nets” to hunt, and as per the new study, they also modify them to attract more fish. “Many animals use tools to help them find food but very few actually create or modify the tools themselves,” Lars Bejder, an author of the study, said in the journal Royal Society Open Science. The revelations were made after Bejder and his team conducted extensive studies on the humpback whales in the southeast (SE) region of Alaska. This region is a vital feeding hub for the marine animals. The scientists kept a close tab on solitary humpback whales that blow complex bubbles to catch krill. They noticed that the whales use extraordinary techniques to alter these “bubble nets” to trap more prey. Humpback whales cleverly control the size, depth, and distance between these bubbles, for an efficient hunting process. Using this strategy, the whales can capture seven times more prey in a single dive without using extra energy. Also Read: Strange fish, like a 'mad scientist' invention, washes up on Oregon beach “This impressive behaviour places humpback whales among the rare group of animals that both make and use their own tools for hunting,” Dr Bejder said. Why do Humpback whales need more food? The bubble net strategy is exclusive to humpbacks who need to capture more prey to survive the winters. The amount of prey caught in summer decides their energy quota for the entire year as they then fall back into these Alaskan waters during colder months. “We deployed non-invasive suction-cup tags on whales and flew drones over solitary bubble-netting humpback whales in southeast Alaska, collecting data on their underwater movements,” William Gough, another author of the study, said. The study also sheds light on how enough calorie consumption lets migrating humpback whales traverse the Pacific Ocean. However, since the waters have been warming up due to climate change, their prey is falling in number, leading to the stranding events that are often reported.

Humpback whales are expert tool makers; blow and alter bubble nets to...

A new bug has been identified in Apple iPhones wherein typing a certain set of characters can cause your device to crash. A security researcher on Mastodon revealed the bug on Wednesday. The person found that entering &nbsp;“”:: into yout phone can cause the device to freeze or reboot.

The built-in Home Screen Manager, SpringBoard, crashes when you go past your Home Screen pages to the App Library, and type “”:: in the search bar at the top of the screen. The same happens when you type the characters in the Search bar in the Settings app.&nbsp;

Other users in the comments noted that any character can be used in the fourth place as long as the first three characters are “”:.&nbsp;

A few different types of results were triggered by the characters, as per TechCrunch. In some cases, the bug crashes Springboard for a short time and then reloads to your lock screen. In others, the screen flashes black for a second.&nbsp;

BGR, meanwhile, reported that typing the characters turned the iPhone screen black and showed a loading circle in the middle of the screen. After a few seconds, the lock screen returned. Doing the same in Settings shut down the Settings app.

Other reports suggest that results were different based on iOS versions. On iOS 17, the sequence led to the Home Screen interface crashing and restarting. Meanwhile, Spotlight Search froze on iOS 18 and 18.1 for a brief period but did not crash fully.

<h2>Is new bug a security issue?</h2>

Experts say that the bug doesn't seem to be a security issue. “It’s not a security bug,” Ryan Stortz, an iOS security researcher, told TechCrunch.

For now, no one else other than the owner of the phone can trigger the bug by writing the characters.&nbsp;

In 2020, a similar bug was reported but it could be triggered by others as well. The bug crashed the Twitter app,&nbsp;now X, of every user viewing a tweet with a certain set of characters.

In 2015,&nbsp;the “Effective Power” bug led to the Messages app crashing and devices rebooting when a specific message was received.&nbsp;

Apple is yet to comment on the bug.

A new bug has been identified in Apple iPhones wherein typing a certain set of characters can cause your device to crash. A security researcher on Mastodon revealed the bug on Wednesday.

A new bug has been identified in Apple iPhones wherein typing a certain set of characters can cause your device to crash. A security researcher on Mastodon revealed the bug on Wednesday. The person found that entering “”:: into yout phone can cause the device to freeze or reboot. The built-in Home Screen Manager, SpringBoard, crashes when you go past your Home Screen pages to the App Library, and type “”:: in the search bar at the top of the screen. The same happens when you type the characters in the Search bar in the Settings app. Other users in the comments noted that any character can be used in the fourth place as long as the first three characters are “”:. A few different types of results were triggered by the characters, as per TechCrunch. In some cases, the bug crashes Springboard for a short time and then reloads to your lock screen. In others, the screen flashes black for a second. BGR, meanwhile, reported that typing the characters turned the iPhone screen black and showed a loading circle in the middle of the screen. After a few seconds, the lock screen returned. Doing the same in Settings shut down the Settings app. Other reports suggest that results were different based on iOS versions. On iOS 17, the sequence led to the Home Screen interface crashing and restarting. Meanwhile, Spotlight Search froze on iOS 18 and 18.1 for a brief period but did not crash fully. Is new bug a security issue? Experts say that the bug doesn't seem to be a security issue. “It’s not a security bug,” Ryan Stortz, an iOS security researcher, told TechCrunch. For now, no one else other than the owner of the phone can trigger the bug by writing the characters. In 2020, a similar bug was reported but it could be triggered by others as well. The bug crashed the Twitter app, now X, of every user viewing a tweet with a certain set of characters. In 2015, the “Effective Power” bug led to the Messages app crashing and devices rebooting when a specific message was received. Apple is yet to comment on the bug.

BUG ALERT! Typing THIS set of characters could lead your iPhone to CRASH

August 23rd, 2023 is the day when India made history by becoming the first nation to land a mission (robotic spacecraft Chandrayaan-3) near the moon's South Pole. Exactly a year later, on August 23rd 2024, as India celebrates National Space Day, the Indian Space agency ISRO will reveal the findings and scientific discoveries made by the country's third lunar mission, WION has learnt.&nbsp;

<div bis_size="{&quot;x&quot;:7,&quot;y&quot;:275,&quot;w&quot;:813,&quot;h&quot;:196,&quot;abs_x&quot;:40,&quot;abs_y&quot;:1964}" class="ui-state-default" contenteditable="false">
<div bis_size="{&quot;x&quot;:130,&quot;y&quot;:286,&quot;w&quot;:568,&quot;h&quot;:175,&quot;abs_x&quot;:163,&quot;abs_y&quot;:1975}" class="twitter-block" draggable="false">
<blockquote bis_size="{&quot;x&quot;:135,&quot;y&quot;:286,&quot;w&quot;:558,&quot;h&quot;:175,&quot;abs_x&quot;:168,&quot;abs_y&quot;:1975}" class="twitter-tweet">
What did <a bis_size="{&quot;x&quot;:261,&quot;y&quot;:324,&quot;w&quot;:85,&quot;h&quot;:14,&quot;abs_x&quot;:294,&quot;abs_y&quot;:2013}" href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/Chandrayaan?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#Chandrayaan</a> 3 find near the Moon's south pole... <a bis_size="{&quot;x&quot;:571,&quot;y&quot;:324,&quot;w&quot;:28,&quot;h&quot;:14,&quot;abs_x&quot;:604,&quot;abs_y&quot;:2013}" href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/isro?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#isro</a> will share the answers this Friday, 23rd August.. <a bis_size="{&quot;x&quot;:443,&quot;y&quot;:340,&quot;w&quot;:35,&quot;h&quot;:14,&quot;abs_x&quot;:476,&quot;abs_y&quot;:2029}" href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/India?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#India</a> <a bis_size="{&quot;x&quot;:482,&quot;y&quot;:340,&quot;w&quot;:41,&quot;h&quot;:14,&quot;abs_x&quot;:515,&quot;abs_y&quot;:2029}" href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/space?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#space</a> <a bis_size="{&quot;x&quot;:528,&quot;y&quot;:340,&quot;w&quot;:51,&quot;h&quot;:14,&quot;abs_x&quot;:561,&quot;abs_y&quot;:2029}" href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/science?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#science</a> <a bis_size="{&quot;x&quot;:583,&quot;y&quot;:340,&quot;w&quot;:31,&quot;h&quot;:14,&quot;abs_x&quot;:616,&quot;abs_y&quot;:2029}" href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/tech?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#tech</a> <a bis_size="{&quot;x&quot;:618,&quot;y&quot;:340,&quot;w&quot;:39,&quot;h&quot;:14,&quot;abs_x&quot;:651,&quot;abs_y&quot;:2029}" href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/moon?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#moon</a> 
 
Friday ia the the 1st year anniversary of <a bis_size="{&quot;x&quot;:448,&quot;y&quot;:373,&quot;w&quot;:92,&quot;h&quot;:14,&quot;abs_x&quot;:481,&quot;abs_y&quot;:2062}" href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/Chandrayaan3?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#Chandrayaan3</a> Lunar landing 🇮🇳🚀🌗❤️ <a bis_size="{&quot;x&quot;:381,&quot;y&quot;:391,&quot;w&quot;:141,&quot;h&quot;:14,&quot;abs_x&quot;:414,&quot;abs_y&quot;:2080}" href="https://t.co/Nx4KwPAxsL">https://t.co/Nx4KwPAxsL</a>
— Sidharth.M.P (@sdhrthmp) <a bis_size="{&quot;x&quot;:476,&quot;y&quot;:419,&quot;w&quot;:94,&quot;h&quot;:14,&quot;abs_x&quot;:509,&quot;abs_y&quot;:2108}" href="https://twitter.com/sdhrthmp/status/1826279024643162334?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">August 21, 2024</a></blockquote>
<script async src="https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js" charset="utf-8"></script></div>
<a bis_size="{&quot;x&quot;:800,&quot;y&quot;:276,&quot;w&quot;:19,&quot;h&quot;:19,&quot;abs_x&quot;:833,&quot;abs_y&quot;:1965}" class="close-mark close-div" href="#" id="jqclosemark">×</a></div>

So&nbsp;far, ISRO has only revealed some initial inferences about the mission. The significant findings are to be revealed on Friday, at the Bharat Mandapam in New Delhi, as the Indian Government's Department of Space conducts a massive event on the day. This will be presided over by the Indian Head of State, President Droupadi Murmu.&nbsp;

Chandrayaan-3's preliminary findings and feats:

<h2 bis_size="{&quot;x&quot;:7,&quot;y&quot;:588,&quot;w&quot;:813,&quot;h&quot;:25,&quot;abs_x&quot;:40,&quot;abs_y&quot;:2277}">Temperature variations on lunar soil</h2>

During its 10-day lifetime on the Lunar surface, the scientific probes and sensors aboard Chandrayaan-3's Vikram Lander and Praygan rover conducted multiple in situ experiments.&nbsp;

One of the significant preliminary findings was about the drastic temperature variation in the Lunar soil near the south polar region. "On the Lunar top soil (surface), the temperature is 50 degrees Centigrade, and barely 10 cm below the surface, the temperature is minus 10 degrees Centigrade, ISRO had revealed in August 2023.&nbsp;

For context, In India, if you are in the deserts of Rajasthan (north-west) during peak summer, the temperature could well be around 50 degrees Centigrade. Likewise, if you are in Jammu and Kashmir (north) during winters, the temperature could well be minus 10 degrees centigrade or even colder. Kashmir and Rajasthan are well over 600km&nbsp;apart, and have different altitudes, terrain, and climatic conditions. On the Lunar surface, all it takes is 10cm&nbsp;of digging beneath the top soil to see such temperature differences.&nbsp;

This study was performed by the ChaSTE (Chandra's Surface Thermophysical Experiment) probe. Notably, this study is done during the Lunar day, when sunlight is available at the landing site. Lunar nighttime temperatures could be much colder.&nbsp;

According to NASA, lunar daytime temperatures near the equator reach 120 degrees centigrade, while nighttime temperatures get to minus 130 degrees centigrade. The Moon’s poles are even colder.

NASA's equipment even found a place in the floor of the Moon’s Hermite Crater that was detected to be minus 250 degrees Centigrade, making it the coldest temperature measured anywhere in the solar system.

<h2 bis_size="{&quot;x&quot;:7,&quot;y&quot;:1015,&quot;w&quot;:813,&quot;h&quot;:25,&quot;abs_x&quot;:40,&quot;abs_y&quot;:2704}">Did ISRO's ILSA detect a 'moon quake'?&nbsp;</h2>

Further, ISRO's Instrument for Lunar Seismic Activity (ILSA) payload on the Chandrayaan-3 Vikram Lander is the first instance of a Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS) technology-based instrument on the moon. It has recorded the vibrations occurring due to the movements of Rover and other payloads. According to ISRO, this instrument had also recorded what is suspected to be a 'moon quake'.&nbsp;

<h2 bis_size="{&quot;x&quot;:7,&quot;y&quot;:1146,&quot;w&quot;:813,&quot;h&quot;:25,&quot;abs_x&quot;:40,&quot;abs_y&quot;:2835}">ISRO unravels elemental composition of Lunar soil</h2>

The Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) instrument onboard the Chandrayaan-3 Pragyan rover had made the first-ever in situ measurements of the elemental composition of the lunar surface near the South Pole. These in situ measurements unambiguously confirmed the presence of sulphur in the region, ISRO said.&nbsp;

LIBS is a scientific technique that analyses the composition of materials by exposing them to intense laser pulses. A high-energy laser pulse is focused onto the surface of a material, such as rock or soil. The laser pulse generates an extremely hot plasma. The collected plasma light is analysed by sensors, and the elemental composition of the material is determined.

ISRO's preliminary analyses had unveiled the presence of Aluminium (Al), Sulphur (S), Calcium (Ca), Iron (Fe), Chromium (Cr), and Titanium (Ti) on the lunar surface. Further measurements have revealed the presence of manganese (Mn), silicon (Si), and oxygen (O). Thorough investigation regarding the presence of hydrogen is underway, ISRO had said in August 2023.&nbsp;

<h2 bis_size="{&quot;x&quot;:7,&quot;y&quot;:1426,&quot;w&quot;:813,&quot;h&quot;:25,&quot;abs_x&quot;:40,&quot;abs_y&quot;:3115}">When Vikram lander hopped on the Moon</h2>

Chandrayaan-3 landed vertically like a helicopter. In the words of ISRO, VSSC Director Dr. S. Unnikrishnan Nair, "It was a feather-like soft-landing".

Let's imagine that the Chandrayaan-3 lander wants to take off again and come back. In that case, it would have to fire its engines and almost launch itself like a rocket and reach Lunar orbit.

As a minor step or hop towards that ambitious future goal, the Vikram lander of Chandrayaan-3 was commanded to perform a hop test, which it successfully performed.

Think of the hop as an exercise move - jumping up from a point and landing a few centimetres beside where you started from. By performing this manoeuvre, ISRO has re-fired the engines of the Vikram lander and gathered valuable data on engine firings on the Lunar surface.

"On command, it (Vikram Lander) fired the engines, elevated itself by about 40 cm as expected and landed safely at a distance of 30 - 40 cm away. Importance?: This 'kick-start' enthuses future sample return and human missions!" ISRO has said in a Twitter post, back in 2023. &nbsp;

On the moon, the gravity is barely 1/6th that of Earth. The Lunar terrain is uneven and strewn around with fine Lunar dust, which gets kicked up when an engine is fired on/near the surface and this fine dust (which remains suspended over the site for a few hours) can cause issues for the craft's on-board sensors, cameras, and instruments.

Given the uneven terrain, the craft must be able to take off, hover and land smoothly and not get toppled over. By executing all this successfully, ISRO has proven the robustness and reliability of their technology.&nbsp; 
&nbsp;

August 23rd, 2023 is the day when India made history by becoming the first nation to land a mission (robotic spacecraft Chandrayaan-3) near the moon's South Pole.

August 23rd, 2023 is the day when India made history by becoming the first nation to land a mission (robotic spacecraft Chandrayaan-3) near the moon's South Pole. Exactly a year later, on August 23rd 2024, as India celebrates National Space Day, the Indian Space agency ISRO will reveal the findings and scientific discoveries made by the country's third lunar mission, WION has learnt. What did #Chandrayaan 3 find near the Moon's south pole... #isro will share the answers this Friday, 23rd August.. #India #space #science #tech #moon Friday ia the the 1st year anniversary of #Chandrayaan3 Lunar landing 🇮🇳🚀🌗❤️ https://t.co/Nx4KwPAxsL — Sidharth.M.P (@sdhrthmp) August 21, 2024 × So far, ISRO has only revealed some initial inferences about the mission. The significant findings are to be revealed on Friday, at the Bharat Mandapam in New Delhi, as the Indian Government's Department of Space conducts a massive event on the day. This will be presided over by the Indian Head of State, President Droupadi Murmu. Chandrayaan-3's preliminary findings and feats: Temperature variations on lunar soil During its 10-day lifetime on the Lunar surface, the scientific probes and sensors aboard Chandrayaan-3's Vikram Lander and Praygan rover conducted multiple in situ experiments. One of the significant preliminary findings was about the drastic temperature variation in the Lunar soil near the south polar region. "On the Lunar top soil (surface), the temperature is 50 degrees Centigrade, and barely 10 cm below the surface, the temperature is minus 10 degrees Centigrade, ISRO had revealed in August 2023. For context, In India, if you are in the deserts of Rajasthan (north-west) during peak summer, the temperature could well be around 50 degrees Centigrade. Likewise, if you are in Jammu and Kashmir (north) during winters, the temperature could well be minus 10 degrees centigrade or even colder. Kashmir and Rajasthan are well over 600km apart, and have different altitudes, terrain, and climatic conditions. On the Lunar surface, all it takes is 10cm of digging beneath the top soil to see such temperature differences. This study was performed by the ChaSTE (Chandra's Surface Thermophysical Experiment) probe. Notably, this study is done during the Lunar day, when sunlight is available at the landing site. Lunar nighttime temperatures could be much colder. According to NASA, lunar daytime temperatures near the equator reach 120 degrees centigrade, while nighttime temperatures get to minus 130 degrees centigrade. The Moon’s poles are even colder. NASA's equipment even found a place in the floor of the Moon’s Hermite Crater that was detected to be minus 250 degrees Centigrade, making it the coldest temperature measured anywhere in the solar system. Did ISRO's ILSA detect a 'moon quake'? Further, ISRO's Instrument for Lunar Seismic Activity (ILSA) payload on the Chandrayaan-3 Vikram Lander is the first instance of a Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS) technology-based instrument on the moon. It has recorded the vibrations occurring due to the movements of Rover and other payloads. According to ISRO, this instrument had also recorded what is suspected to be a 'moon quake'. ISRO unravels elemental composition of Lunar soil The Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) instrument onboard the Chandrayaan-3 Pragyan rover had made the first-ever in situ measurements of the elemental composition of the lunar surface near the South Pole. These in situ measurements unambiguously confirmed the presence of sulphur in the region, ISRO said. LIBS is a scientific technique that analyses the composition of materials by exposing them to intense laser pulses. A high-energy laser pulse is focused onto the surface of a material, such as rock or soil. The laser pulse generates an extremely hot plasma. The collected plasma light is analysed by sensors, and the elemental composition of the material is determined. ISRO's preliminary analyses had unveiled the presence of Aluminium (Al), Sulphur (S), Calcium (Ca), Iron (Fe), Chromium (Cr), and Titanium (Ti) on the lunar surface. Further measurements have revealed the presence of manganese (Mn), silicon (Si), and oxygen (O). Thorough investigation regarding the presence of hydrogen is underway, ISRO had said in August 2023. When Vikram lander hopped on the Moon Chandrayaan-3 landed vertically like a helicopter. In the words of ISRO, VSSC Director Dr. S. Unnikrishnan Nair, "It was a feather-like soft-landing". Let's imagine that the Chandrayaan-3 lander wants to take off again and come back. In that case, it would have to fire its engines and almost launch itself like a rocket and reach Lunar orbit. As a minor step or hop towards that ambitious future goal, the Vikram lander of Chandrayaan-3 was commanded to perform a hop test, which it successfully performed. Think of the hop as an exercise move - jumping up from a point and landing a few centimetres beside where you started from. By performing this manoeuvre, ISRO has re-fired the engines of the Vikram lander and gathered valuable data on engine firings on the Lunar surface. "On command, it (Vikram Lander) fired the engines, elevated itself by about 40 cm as expected and landed safely at a distance of 30 - 40 cm away. Importance?: This 'kick-start' enthuses future sample return and human missions!" ISRO has said in a Twitter post, back in 2023. On the moon, the gravity is barely 1/6th that of Earth. The Lunar terrain is uneven and strewn around with fine Lunar dust, which gets kicked up when an engine is fired on/near the surface and this fine dust (which remains suspended over the site for a few hours) can cause issues for the craft's on-board sensors, cameras, and instruments. Given the uneven terrain, the craft must be able to take off, hover and land smoothly and not get toppled over. By executing all this successfully, ISRO has proven the robustness and reliability of their technology.

What did Chandrayaan-3 find on the moon? ISRO to reveal on Space Day 23rd Aug

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