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How do we know dinosaurs? As 3D models, toys, sculptures, animated movies, or even dinosaur costumes. What if they can be turned into robots? In what might look like science fiction, researchers are re-creating the biological mechanisms of long-extinct species with some help from robotics. The aim is to study the complex processes of evolution across millennia.

Welcome to the world of 'paleo-inspired robotics,' a pioneering field of study that combines the prehistoric with the modern by animating extinct animals as robot models.

While evolution took millions of years, engineering these robots can simulate this process in just a day, according to &nbsp;Dr Michael Ishida from the Cambridge University.&nbsp;

Watch:&nbsp;Hungarian Scientists Develop Decentralised Drone Swarms

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"With a couple lines of code or a new 3D-printed leg we can simulate those millions of years of evolution in a single day of engineering effort,” The Guardian quoted him as saying.

As a start, the scientists led by Ishida&nbsp;are re-creating the movements of fossilised ancestors of fish.

His team is studying how mudskippers evolved to walk on land using robotics.

Also read:&nbsp;<a data-ved="2ahUKEwiF447k46aJAxXNk1YBHbjZDXUQxfQBKAB6BAgJEAE" href="https://www.wionews.com/science/this-2000-year-old-temple-is-submerged-underwater-in-italy-it-was-featured-in-indiana-jones-770096" jsname="YKoRaf" ping="/url?sa=t&amp;source=web&amp;rct=j&amp;opi=89978449&amp;url=https://www.wionews.com/science/this-2000-year-old-temple-is-submerged-underwater-in-italy-it-was-featured-in-indiana-jones-770096&amp;ved=2ahUKEwiF447k46aJAxXNk1YBHbjZDXUQxfQBKAB6BAgJEAE">THIS 2,000-year-old temple is submerged underwater in Italy. It was featured in 'Indiana Jones'</a>

They are creating robots that can replicate the anatomy of mudskippers to understand the evolutionary pressures that made these animals come out of water.

While engineers have traditionally built robots to mimic living animals, the focus of this study is towards reconstructing entire ancient species, the researchers noted in the journal Science Robotics.

Also read:&nbsp;<a data-ved="2ahUKEwiF447k46aJAxXNk1YBHbjZDXUQxfQBKAB6BAgQEAE" href="https://www.wionews.com/science/oldest-quasars-ever-observed-in-early-universe-are-extremely-lonely-768938" jsname="YKoRaf" ping="/url?sa=t&amp;source=web&amp;rct=j&amp;opi=89978449&amp;url=https://www.wionews.com/science/oldest-quasars-ever-observed-in-early-universe-are-extremely-lonely-768938&amp;ved=2ahUKEwiF447k46aJAxXNk1YBHbjZDXUQxfQBKAB6BAgQEAE">Oldest quasars ever observed in early universe are extremely lonely</a>

Such analysis of organisms would help in the understanding of locomotion, as the robots can operate in real environments as opposed to complex computer simulations and animation.

How will it push science forward?

The research will answer questions like how vertebrates moved from water to land, and how some dinosaurs developed the ability to fly, creating the ancestors of birds.

“These robots can help us test hypotheses about the history of life,” Prof Steve Brusatte at the University of Edinburgh said.

“It would be mesmerising to build a robot to, say, understand how giant dinosaurs walked and moved. But what is especially exciting to me is the potential of using robots to study major evolutionary transitions,” The Guardian quoted Brusatte, who is not part of the project, as saying.

(With inputs from agencies) 
&nbsp;

How do we know dinosaurs? As 3D models, toys, sculptures, animated movies, or even dinosaur costumes. What if they can be turned into robots? In what might look like science fiction, researchers are re-creating the biological mechanisms of long-extinct species with some help from robotics.

How do we know dinosaurs? As 3D models, toys, sculptures, animated movies, or even dinosaur costumes. What if they can be turned into robots? In what might look like science fiction, researchers are re-creating the biological mechanisms of long-extinct species with some help from robotics. The aim is to study the complex processes of evolution across millennia. Welcome to the world of 'paleo-inspired robotics,' a pioneering field of study that combines the prehistoric with the modern by animating extinct animals as robot models. While evolution took millions of years, engineering these robots can simulate this process in just a day, according to Dr Michael Ishida from the Cambridge University. Watch: Hungarian Scientists Develop Decentralised Drone Swarms × "With a couple lines of code or a new 3D-printed leg we can simulate those millions of years of evolution in a single day of engineering effort,” The Guardian quoted him as saying. As a start, the scientists led by Ishida are re-creating the movements of fossilised ancestors of fish. His team is studying how mudskippers evolved to walk on land using robotics. Also read: THIS 2,000-year-old temple is submerged underwater in Italy. It was featured in 'Indiana Jones' They are creating robots that can replicate the anatomy of mudskippers to understand the evolutionary pressures that made these animals come out of water. While engineers have traditionally built robots to mimic living animals, the focus of this study is towards reconstructing entire ancient species, the researchers noted in the journal Science Robotics. Also read: Oldest quasars ever observed in early universe are extremely lonely Such analysis of organisms would help in the understanding of locomotion, as the robots can operate in real environments as opposed to complex computer simulations and animation. How will it push science forward? The research will answer questions like how vertebrates moved from water to land, and how some dinosaurs developed the ability to fly, creating the ancestors of birds. “These robots can help us test hypotheses about the history of life,” Prof Steve Brusatte at the University of Edinburgh said. “It would be mesmerising to build a robot to, say, understand how giant dinosaurs walked and moved. But what is especially exciting to me is the potential of using robots to study major evolutionary transitions,” The Guardian quoted Brusatte, who is not part of the project, as saying. (With inputs from agencies)

Scientists make robotic models of extinct animals to capture million-year evolution in single day

The human brain can process some sentence structures in as little as 125 milliseconds, a power that scientists did not know existed till now,&nbsp;dispelling the notion that we decipher sentences word by word.

Earlier theories have suggested that human brains process sentences by understanding the meaning of each word.

The recent&nbsp;study by New York University researchers led by Prof Liina Pylkkanen found that the participants&nbsp;were able to recognise familiar grammatical structures, similar to visual recognition, as in, how we identify our cars in parking lots.

Watch: Love Turns Pain Into Pleasure? New Study Reveals Why Some Crave Spicy Food

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To uncover this hitherto unknown brain power, the scientists studied 36 participants using a non-invasive brain scanning device.

They were shown brief sentences and were able to quickly and accurately understand those that had the standard subject-verb-object&nbsp;sequences.

First, a three-word starting sentence was flashed for 300 milliseconds, then a similar sentence, with one different word or order.

They were asked to indicate whether the sentences were identical.

The study found higher brain activity in the left-middle temporal cortex of the brains within 130 milliseconds when grammatically standard sentences were shown.&nbsp;

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Comprehending lists that contained nouns, however, took a longer time, with&nbsp;activity in the left-middle temporal cortex 50ms slower.

Curiously enough, sentences were recognised faster even when they had grammar errors, or were implausible.

The researchers concluded that faster comprehension happens when one is familiar with sentence structures rather than meaning.

<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/scientists-find-12000-year-old-preserved-human-brain-resisting-decomposition-702201">Also read: Scientists find 12,000-year-old preserved human brains resisting decomposition</a> 
 
Published in Science Advances, the research findings show that at-a-glance language processing may have parallels with visual perception. In other words, we can 'see' whole sentences just like pictures, and comprehend their meaning without having to go through words sequentially.&nbsp;

The research was done in the English language. But similar dynamics may exist for other languages with their unique grammatical features, posit the researchers.

Prof Liina Pylkkanen, co-author of the study from New York University, said, “We don’t yet know exactly how this ultrafast structure detection is possible. 
 
"But the general hypothesis is that when something you perceive fits really well with what you know about – in this case, we’re talking about knowledge of the grammar – this top-down knowledge can help you identify the stimulus really fast," The Guardian quoted her as saying.

(With inputs from agencies)

The human brain can process some sentence structures in as little as 125 milliseconds, a power that scientists did not know existed till now, dispelling the notion that we decipher sentences word by word.

The human brain can process some sentence structures in as little as 125 milliseconds, a power that scientists did not know existed till now, dispelling the notion that we decipher sentences word by word. Earlier theories have suggested that human brains process sentences by understanding the meaning of each word. The recent study by New York University researchers led by Prof Liina Pylkkanen found that the participants were able to recognise familiar grammatical structures, similar to visual recognition, as in, how we identify our cars in parking lots. Watch: Love Turns Pain Into Pleasure? New Study Reveals Why Some Crave Spicy Food × To uncover this hitherto unknown brain power, the scientists studied 36 participants using a non-invasive brain scanning device. They were shown brief sentences and were able to quickly and accurately understand those that had the standard subject-verb-object sequences. First, a three-word starting sentence was flashed for 300 milliseconds, then a similar sentence, with one different word or order. They were asked to indicate whether the sentences were identical. The study found higher brain activity in the left-middle temporal cortex of the brains within 130 milliseconds when grammatically standard sentences were shown. Also read: A key part of women's brains is shrinking by 80% during pregnancy, creating 'permanent etchings': Study Comprehending lists that contained nouns, however, took a longer time, with activity in the left-middle temporal cortex 50ms slower. Curiously enough, sentences were recognised faster even when they had grammar errors, or were implausible. The researchers concluded that faster comprehension happens when one is familiar with sentence structures rather than meaning. Also read: Scientists find 12,000-year-old preserved human brains resisting decomposition Published in Science Advances, the research findings show that at-a-glance language processing may have parallels with visual perception. In other words, we can 'see' whole sentences just like pictures, and comprehend their meaning without having to go through words sequentially. The research was done in the English language. But similar dynamics may exist for other languages with their unique grammatical features, posit the researchers. Prof Liina Pylkkanen, co-author of the study from New York University, said, “We don’t yet know exactly how this ultrafast structure detection is possible. "But the general hypothesis is that when something you perceive fits really well with what you know about – in this case, we’re talking about knowledge of the grammar – this top-down knowledge can help you identify the stimulus really fast," The Guardian quoted her as saying. (With inputs from agencies)

Our brains can process full sentences in split-seconds, just like we see photos, says study

The Euclid telescope has snapped a breathtaking photo of the universe, dotted with millions of stars and galaxies. The mission is an initiative by the European Space Agency and was launched in July 2023. It aims to explore the dark side of the universe and create the most accurate 3D map of the universe.

Astronomers have now shared the first images taken by Euclid which is only a tiny piece of the huge map assembled by the astronomers that spans 208 gigapixels, from 260 observations made between March 25 and April 8.&nbsp;

According to the ESA, just the one per cent mosaic of the entire map shows a patch of region filled with "100 million sources" comprising stars from the Milky Way and far-off galaxies.&nbsp;

“This stunning image is the first piece of a map that in six years will reveal more than one-third of the sky. This is just 1% of the map, and yet it is full of a variety of sources that will help scientists discover new ways to describe the Universe,” Valeria Pettorino, Euclid project scientist at the ESA, said in a statement.

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Notably, Euclid will make several more observations in the coming years, going in-depth to measure the shape, distance and motion of billions of galaxies.

<img alt="Map of universe" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="2db9eeb5-5c7c-4fdf-b87e-0dba8808e882" src="//cdn.wionews.com/sites/default/files/inline-images/News%20%2822%29.png" />

The image shows galactic cirrus clouds sitting between the stars in the Milky Way in regions of light blue, as per the ESA.&nbsp;

<h2>Euclid will learn about dark matter and dark energy</h2>

This is the first time that an image has been created of such a large area of sky at such high resolution, Professor Mat Page, of the Mullard space science laboratory at University College London (UCL), who leads Euclid’s VIS (visible instrument) camera at University College London, said.

“Before Euclid, we would never be able to see the faint cirrus clouds in the Milky Way, and pick out every star that’s illuminating them in super-high resolution," she added.

Another objective Euclid has been entrusted with is to observe dark matter and dark energy. The former is still only a theoretical phenomenon in space and has never been detected. It is believed to make up 85 per cent of the total matter in the universe.&nbsp;

Dark energy is also a mystery and is thought to be a force that works to accelerate the expansion of the universe.&nbsp;

The Euclid telescope has snapped a breathtaking photo of the universe, dotted with millions of stars and galaxies. The mission is an initiative by the European Space Agency and was launched in July 2023.

The Euclid telescope has snapped a breathtaking photo of the universe, dotted with millions of stars and galaxies. The mission is an initiative by the European Space Agency and was launched in July 2023. It aims to explore the dark side of the universe and create the most accurate 3D map of the universe. Astronomers have now shared the first images taken by Euclid which is only a tiny piece of the huge map assembled by the astronomers that spans 208 gigapixels, from 260 observations made between March 25 and April 8. According to the ESA, just the one per cent mosaic of the entire map shows a patch of region filled with "100 million sources" comprising stars from the Milky Way and far-off galaxies. “This stunning image is the first piece of a map that in six years will reveal more than one-third of the sky. This is just 1% of the map, and yet it is full of a variety of sources that will help scientists discover new ways to describe the Universe,” Valeria Pettorino, Euclid project scientist at the ESA, said in a statement. Also Read: Four asteroids to approach Earth in a span of 12 hours today. Two of them will return Notably, Euclid will make several more observations in the coming years, going in-depth to measure the shape, distance and motion of billions of galaxies. The image shows galactic cirrus clouds sitting between the stars in the Milky Way in regions of light blue, as per the ESA. Euclid will learn about dark matter and dark energy This is the first time that an image has been created of such a large area of sky at such high resolution, Professor Mat Page, of the Mullard space science laboratory at University College London (UCL), who leads Euclid’s VIS (visible instrument) camera at University College London, said. “Before Euclid, we would never be able to see the faint cirrus clouds in the Milky Way, and pick out every star that’s illuminating them in super-high resolution," she added. Another objective Euclid has been entrusted with is to observe dark matter and dark energy. The former is still only a theoretical phenomenon in space and has never been detected. It is believed to make up 85 per cent of the total matter in the universe. Dark energy is also a mystery and is thought to be a force that works to accelerate the expansion of the universe.

Map of universe with 100 million sources stuns people. 'This is just 1% of...'

The doctors made a startling discovery as they began dissecting the hands of one of the controversial Peru's 'alien mummies'.&nbsp;

Among the bones of what some have claimed are mummies of aliens, doctors found strange and complex metallic structures.&nbsp;

The dozen strange specimens, known as 'Nazca Tridactyls', were believed to belong to Peru and were found by anonymous local 'huaqueros' (tomb raiders).

The doctors said that they removed a "light metal" implant&nbsp;from the palm of the new specimen, reported The Daily Mail.

A video was recorded of the dissection in which a physician was seen carefully pulling out the suspected 'alien implant' from the severed, three-fingered hand of Nazca Tridacty with tweezers.

The metal was removed by the Mexican Navy forensic doctor and examiner Dr Jose Zalce Benitez.&nbsp;

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"It is a very complex metal alloy that requires special knowledge and techniques to be able to achieve it with such quality and purity,"&nbsp;Benitez said.

"It was possible to identify elements such as aluminium, tin, silver, copper, cadmium and osmium among others in smaller quantities and percentages," he added.

In the video, one of the mummified hands was peeled back and its metacarpal' or 'palm' bones were revealed.

"This tridactyl hand, from which I obtained the metal, does not belong to any of the bodies presented at the Mexican&nbsp;Congress," Dr Zalce said.&nbsp;

"This hand is part of a series of loose pieces that belong to the place where the tridactyl bodies of Peru were found," added the physician and forensic expert.

<h2>A 'metal implant' in alien mummies?</h2>

In the video, the alleged 'metal implant' appeared like a torn patch of silvery reptilian scales.

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Speaking to The Daily Mail, reporter Fernando Correa Dominguez said that the hand was rehydrated by the doctors to remove the "metal implant."

Earlier, Correa said that "they did not see any moisture inside the hand, [only] dehydrated skin tissue was observed inside the tendons and muscles."&nbsp;

Speaking about the procedure in detail, Dr Zalce said, "We used a forensic technique to protect the tissue and minimize its degradation [...] a special serum that is used for the rehydration of corpses that has very specific concentration percentages."

"We use sterile swabs with a soft surgical cotton tip to avoid any type of damage or contamination to both the metal sample and the tridactyl hand," he added.

(With inputs from agencies)

The doctors made a startling discovery as they began dissecting the hands of one of the controversial Peru's 'alien mummies'. Among the bones of what some have claimed are mummies of aliens, doctors found strange and complex metallic structures.

The doctors made a startling discovery as they began dissecting the hands of one of the controversial Peru's 'alien mummies'. Among the bones of what some have claimed are mummies of aliens, doctors found strange and complex metallic structures. The dozen strange specimens, known as 'Nazca Tridactyls', were believed to belong to Peru and were found by anonymous local 'huaqueros' (tomb raiders). The doctors said that they removed a "light metal" implant from the palm of the new specimen, reported The Daily Mail. A video was recorded of the dissection in which a physician was seen carefully pulling out the suspected 'alien implant' from the severed, three-fingered hand of Nazca Tridacty with tweezers. The metal was removed by the Mexican Navy forensic doctor and examiner Dr Jose Zalce Benitez. Also Read: Scientists scan star system potentially hosting alien life "It is a very complex metal alloy that requires special knowledge and techniques to be able to achieve it with such quality and purity," Benitez said. "It was possible to identify elements such as aluminium, tin, silver, copper, cadmium and osmium among others in smaller quantities and percentages," he added. In the video, one of the mummified hands was peeled back and its metacarpal' or 'palm' bones were revealed. "This tridactyl hand, from which I obtained the metal, does not belong to any of the bodies presented at the Mexican Congress," Dr Zalce said. "This hand is part of a series of loose pieces that belong to the place where the tridactyl bodies of Peru were found," added the physician and forensic expert. A 'metal implant' in alien mummies? In the video, the alleged 'metal implant' appeared like a torn patch of silvery reptilian scales. Also Read: Earth's telescopes have evidence of aliens, will reveal it next month, claims NASA filmmaker Speaking to The Daily Mail, reporter Fernando Correa Dominguez said that the hand was rehydrated by the doctors to remove the "metal implant." Earlier, Correa said that "they did not see any moisture inside the hand, [only] dehydrated skin tissue was observed inside the tendons and muscles." Speaking about the procedure in detail, Dr Zalce said, "We used a forensic technique to protect the tissue and minimize its degradation [...] a special serum that is used for the rehydration of corpses that has very specific concentration percentages." "We use sterile swabs with a soft surgical cotton tip to avoid any type of damage or contamination to both the metal sample and the tridactyl hand," he added. (With inputs from agencies)

Experts dissect hands of Peruvian 'alien mummies', make a shocking discovery of...

A ‘superhuman’ artificial intelligence (AI) was put on trial by the National Health Service (NHS) to check how accurately it can predict the risk of disease and early death of a person.

A ‘superhuman’ artificial intelligence (AI) was put on trial by the National Health Service (NHS) to check how accurately it can predict the risk of disease and early death of a person. In the tool, the results of a cheap heart test are used to alert doctors regarding patients who require further tests for their heart problems. If the trials end successfully, the AI programme AI-ECG risk estimation, or Aire will be integrated as a common feature in the health service in the next five years. The artificial intelligence made the machines capable enough to generate images and videos, have a casual chat or tell the difference between Coke and Pepsi. However, AI labs have been hoping to use this technology to fight diseases and understand the human body. Also Read: 'Game of Thrones' chatbot tells teenage boy to 'come home'. He kills himself This is done by Aire with the help of the results of electrocardiogram (ECG) tests. The test studies heart rate, electrical activity and rhythm to diagnose everything from myocardial infarction in adults and heart disease in children. These tests are used by the AI to check inside the heart of the patient in a way which is not possible for a doctor to see like digging through genetic information. "Aire predicts not only risk of mortality but time-to-mortality," said the researchers adding that it creates a 'survival curve’ out of a single ECG test. Hospitals set to hold trials of 'Superhuman AI' The first trial of the programme will be held at the Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust and Chelsea and Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation Trust in 2025. Watch: Humanoid Robot Artist 'Ai-Da' Creates History: First Humanoid Robot To Sell Artwork At Auction Hundreds of patients will participate in the trial and more such trials will be held at other hospital sites. Speaking to a PA news agency, a reader in cardiac electrophysiology at Imperial College London and consultant cardiologist at Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust Dr Fu Siong Ng said, "There are three or four different studies that are going to run across hospitals from the middle of next year." "They are broadly to test that these models are accurate in picking up diagnoses. So, people who would already have an ECG at the hospital, we would test that these models are accurate in picking up certain diagnoses," he added. "Then the next layer, once that’s been shown, we can intervene to show that we can change the trajectory of the patients," Siong Ng stated. (With inputs from agencies)

THIS ‘Superhuman’ AI is likely to predict if a person will have an early death

Astronomers recently discovered the longest radio signal in space that is either coming from a neutron star or a unique white dwarf. It has a cycle of nearly an hour which has stumped scientists.&nbsp;

Rotating neutron stars, known as pulsars, are believed to be the reason for most of these radio signals. They are like cosmic lighthouses, rotating at extreme speeds.

It is common for radio telescopes to capture brief bursts of radio waves from distant parts of the universe. All of these “radio transients" exhibit different patterns. While some only shoot a signal once and never return, others blink regularly.&nbsp;

However, the latest radio signal recorded has a cycle that is nearly an hour long. Named ASKAP J1935+2148, it is the longest cosmic signal ever recorded.&nbsp;

Astronomers observed it for a long time and noticed that sometimes it produced long, bright flashes, and also weak, rapid pulses. They even found it to be not emitting any signal at all on some occasions.

The findings have been published in Nature Astronomy.&nbsp; 
&nbsp; 
The researchers are still trying to figure out the source of this radio signal which they believe is likely coming from a highly unusual neutron star.&nbsp;

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The highly unusual radio pulse was discovered using CSIRO’s ASKAP radio telescope in Wajarri Yamaji Country in Western Australia. &nbsp;They spotted the signal slowly flashing while monitoring a source of gamma rays and searching for pulses from a fast radio burst.&nbsp;

More observations were carried out over several months, adding the more sensitive MeerKAT radio telescope in South Africa to the equation.&nbsp;

<h2>Three distinct modes of radio signals</h2>

The study notes that the radio signal belongs to the new class of long-period radio transients and only two such others have ever been found. It has been observed in three distinct modes. Bright, linearly polarised pulses last from 10 to 50 seconds in the first stage, and become much weaker and circularly polarised lasting only about 370 milliseconds in the second state. The third state had no pulses at all.

The astronomers suspect that an interplay of complex magnetic fields and plasma flows from the source with strong magnetic fields in the surrounding space is resulting in three modes.

Either a slow-spinning neutron star is sending out this signal, which is a bigger possibility, or a white dwarf which has slow rotation periods. However, the former seems to be a ripe candidate here since there are no other highly magnetic white dwarfs nearby.

Astronomers recently discovered the longest radio signal in space that is either coming from a neutron star or a unique white dwarf. It has a cycle of nearly an hour which has stumped scientists.

Astronomers recently discovered the longest radio signal in space that is either coming from a neutron star or a unique white dwarf. It has a cycle of nearly an hour which has stumped scientists. Rotating neutron stars, known as pulsars, are believed to be the reason for most of these radio signals. They are like cosmic lighthouses, rotating at extreme speeds. It is common for radio telescopes to capture brief bursts of radio waves from distant parts of the universe. All of these “radio transients" exhibit different patterns. While some only shoot a signal once and never return, others blink regularly. However, the latest radio signal recorded has a cycle that is nearly an hour long. Named ASKAP J1935+2148, it is the longest cosmic signal ever recorded. Astronomers observed it for a long time and noticed that sometimes it produced long, bright flashes, and also weak, rapid pulses. They even found it to be not emitting any signal at all on some occasions. The findings have been published in Nature Astronomy. The researchers are still trying to figure out the source of this radio signal which they believe is likely coming from a highly unusual neutron star. Also Read: Life blossomed on infant Earth after massive meteorite strike billions of years ago The highly unusual radio pulse was discovered using CSIRO’s ASKAP radio telescope in Wajarri Yamaji Country in Western Australia. They spotted the signal slowly flashing while monitoring a source of gamma rays and searching for pulses from a fast radio burst. More observations were carried out over several months, adding the more sensitive MeerKAT radio telescope in South Africa to the equation. Three distinct modes of radio signals The study notes that the radio signal belongs to the new class of long-period radio transients and only two such others have ever been found. It has been observed in three distinct modes. Bright, linearly polarised pulses last from 10 to 50 seconds in the first stage, and become much weaker and circularly polarised lasting only about 370 milliseconds in the second state. The third state had no pulses at all. The astronomers suspect that an interplay of complex magnetic fields and plasma flows from the source with strong magnetic fields in the surrounding space is resulting in three modes. Either a slow-spinning neutron star is sending out this signal, which is a bigger possibility, or a white dwarf which has slow rotation periods. However, the former seems to be a ripe candidate here since there are no other highly magnetic white dwarfs nearby.

Longest-ever cosmic radio signal lasting nearly an hour likely coming from...

In a new study, scientists have found&nbsp;that those who cry during movies, fear rejection or interpret some normal situation as threatening are at an increased risk of early death.

The study has found that these are behaviour patterns in those who suffer from neuroticism and that such personality traits increase the risk of premature death by 10 per cent.&nbsp;

Neuroticism&nbsp;is related to negative emotions like sadness, fear and irritability but also has other components like anxiety and loneliness which impact a person's mind and body.

Loneliness was identified as the strongest predictor of premature death by scientists because this increases the chances of respiratory and digestive system diseases and intentional self-harm, the researchers suggested.&nbsp;

Mood swings and feeling fed up are other aspects of neuroticism which are related to higher mortality risk.&nbsp;

Also Read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/entertainment/lifestyle/news-will-you-live-beyond-100-unlikely-warn-scientists-who-see-longevity-falling-in-areas-known-for-centenarians-766569">Will you live beyond 100? Unlikely, warn scientists who see longevity falling in areas known for centenarians</a>

The team discovered that the link was strongest in men and has been found prevalent in people younger than age 54 as well as those who did not have a college degree.

<h2>How was the research carried out?</h2>

A team of researchers from Florida State University looked into data from the United Kingdom Biobank. The Biobank has a massive database of biological samples, genetics, health information and lifestyles from half a million people.&nbsp;

The Biobank had information on around 500,000 individuals whose neuroticism evaluation was completed between&nbsp;2006 and 2010.

Scientists tracked the life of these individuals for 17 years. The 'vital status' data and neuroticism scores of the participants were used by the research team to investigate whether the personality trait and certain components had a strong relation to premature death.

In the 17 years, out of around 500,000 participants, 43,400 had died which is about 8.8 per cent of the total sample size.&nbsp;

As per the data, the average age at death was 70 years and the primary cause of death was cancer, which was followed by&nbsp;nervous system,&nbsp;respiratory system and digestive system diseases.

Also Read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/entertainment/lifestyle/news-is-the-risk-of-heart-attack-more-severe-for-those-infected-with-covid-769158">Is the risk of heart attack more severe for those infected with Covid?</a>

Those who faced respiratory or digestive issues were reportedly feeling 'fed up' in the evaluation.

In the group, nearly 291 people had died of intentional self-harm. These people said that they felt guilt and mood swings and were constantly stressed.

However, those who scored higher neuroticism reportedly felt loneliness.&nbsp;

"It was surprising that loneliness had a much stronger impact than other components of neuroticism," said Antonio Terracciano, senior author and Florida State University professor of geriatrics, while speaking to PsyPost.&nbsp;

"The findings indicate that those who reported being lonely were at much higher risk of death than those who felt anxious or guilty," he further said.&nbsp;

(With inputs from agencies)

In a new study, scientists have found that those who cry during movies, fear rejection or interpret some normal situation as threatening are at an increased risk of early death.

In a new study, scientists have found that those who cry during movies, fear rejection or interpret some normal situation as threatening are at an increased risk of early death. The study has found that these are behaviour patterns in those who suffer from neuroticism and that such personality traits increase the risk of premature death by 10 per cent. Neuroticism is related to negative emotions like sadness, fear and irritability but also has other components like anxiety and loneliness which impact a person's mind and body. Loneliness was identified as the strongest predictor of premature death by scientists because this increases the chances of respiratory and digestive system diseases and intentional self-harm, the researchers suggested. Mood swings and feeling fed up are other aspects of neuroticism which are related to higher mortality risk. Also Read: Will you live beyond 100? Unlikely, warn scientists who see longevity falling in areas known for centenarians The team discovered that the link was strongest in men and has been found prevalent in people younger than age 54 as well as those who did not have a college degree. How was the research carried out? A team of researchers from Florida State University looked into data from the United Kingdom Biobank. The Biobank has a massive database of biological samples, genetics, health information and lifestyles from half a million people. The Biobank had information on around 500,000 individuals whose neuroticism evaluation was completed between 2006 and 2010. Scientists tracked the life of these individuals for 17 years. The 'vital status' data and neuroticism scores of the participants were used by the research team to investigate whether the personality trait and certain components had a strong relation to premature death. In the 17 years, out of around 500,000 participants, 43,400 had died which is about 8.8 per cent of the total sample size. As per the data, the average age at death was 70 years and the primary cause of death was cancer, which was followed by nervous system, respiratory system and digestive system diseases. Also Read: Is the risk of heart attack more severe for those infected with Covid? Those who faced respiratory or digestive issues were reportedly feeling 'fed up' in the evaluation. In the group, nearly 291 people had died of intentional self-harm. These people said that they felt guilt and mood swings and were constantly stressed. However, those who scored higher neuroticism reportedly felt loneliness. "It was surprising that loneliness had a much stronger impact than other components of neuroticism," said Antonio Terracciano, senior author and Florida State University professor of geriatrics, while speaking to PsyPost. "The findings indicate that those who reported being lonely were at much higher risk of death than those who felt anxious or guilty," he further said. (With inputs from agencies)

People who cry at movies have higher chances of dying young: Study

Scientists have discovered the smallest ever fossil&nbsp;dinosaur egg at a construction site in Ganzhou, China which is providing new information regarding the evolution of the extinct reptile. Ganzhou is known as one of the "richest egg fossil sites in the world."

The fossilised egg was unearthed by a team of palaeontologists, geoscientists and evolutionary specialists in 2021 and is the smallest dinosaur egg ever found.&nbsp;

The research paper was published&nbsp;in the journal&nbsp;Historical Biology and the researchers spoke about where they found the eggs, what techniques were used and what they learned.&nbsp;

One of those eggs, which measured more than one inch long, was found fully preserved and belonged to the Late Cretaceous period.

The small size of the eggs, "irregular egg arrangement, worm-like and nodular ornamentation," and thickness of the shell hinted that they most probably did not belong to other known predatory dinosaurs.&nbsp;

This fossil egg can become a significant discovery which can provide more information on the reproduction habits and diversity of the dinosaurs.&nbsp;

Also Read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/giant-carnivorous-dinosaurs-roamed-freezing-australian-region-when-it-was-part-of-antarctica-762712">Giant carnivorous dinosaurs roamed freezing Australian region when it was part of Antarctica</a>

For three years, the team looked into the fossils before they confirmed that they were dinosaur eggs and belonged to a new species called Minioolithus ganzhouensis.&nbsp;

<h2>How did researchers study dinosaur eggs?</h2>

“We report a partial egg clutch with six complete small eggs from the Upper Cretaceous Tangbian Formation of Ganzhou City,” said the study.

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electron backscatter diffraction were used by the team to analyse the shape of the shell and its ornamentation.

Researchers are planning to conduct more studies that they hope will shed light on the type of dinosaur the egg came from and what the species looked like.

This suggests they were laid by a new species from the group of four-legged dinosaurs called theropods. “The egg morphology and eggshell microstructure support it to be the smallest known non-avian theropod egg up to date,” the new study states.

The eggs have now been classified in a new category known as Minioolithus ganzhouensis.

“This discovery increases the diversity of dinosaur eggs in the Late Cretaceous and is significant for our understanding of the evolution of theropods in the Late Cretaceous,” noted the study.

The researchers have planned to further study the site where the fossil eggs were discovered and to decode everything about the dinosaur that laid them.&nbsp;

(With inputs from agencies)

Scientists have discovered the smallest ever fossil dinosaur egg at a construction site in Ganzhou, China which is providing new information regarding the evolution of the extinct reptile.

Scientists have discovered the smallest ever fossil dinosaur egg at a construction site in Ganzhou, China which is providing new information regarding the evolution of the extinct reptile. Ganzhou is known as one of the "richest egg fossil sites in the world." The fossilised egg was unearthed by a team of palaeontologists, geoscientists and evolutionary specialists in 2021 and is the smallest dinosaur egg ever found. The research paper was published in the journal Historical Biology and the researchers spoke about where they found the eggs, what techniques were used and what they learned. One of those eggs, which measured more than one inch long, was found fully preserved and belonged to the Late Cretaceous period. The small size of the eggs, "irregular egg arrangement, worm-like and nodular ornamentation," and thickness of the shell hinted that they most probably did not belong to other known predatory dinosaurs. This fossil egg can become a significant discovery which can provide more information on the reproduction habits and diversity of the dinosaurs. Also Read: Giant carnivorous dinosaurs roamed freezing Australian region when it was part of Antarctica For three years, the team looked into the fossils before they confirmed that they were dinosaur eggs and belonged to a new species called Minioolithus ganzhouensis. How did researchers study dinosaur eggs? “We report a partial egg clutch with six complete small eggs from the Upper Cretaceous Tangbian Formation of Ganzhou City,” said the study. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electron backscatter diffraction were used by the team to analyse the shape of the shell and its ornamentation. Researchers are planning to conduct more studies that they hope will shed light on the type of dinosaur the egg came from and what the species looked like. This suggests they were laid by a new species from the group of four-legged dinosaurs called theropods. “The egg morphology and eggshell microstructure support it to be the smallest known non-avian theropod egg up to date,” the new study states. The eggs have now been classified in a new category known as Minioolithus ganzhouensis. “This discovery increases the diversity of dinosaur eggs in the Late Cretaceous and is significant for our understanding of the evolution of theropods in the Late Cretaceous,” noted the study. The researchers have planned to further study the site where the fossil eggs were discovered and to decode everything about the dinosaur that laid them. (With inputs from agencies)

80 million-year-old 'fully intact' smallest dinosaur eggs unearthed in China. Scientists suggest...

In a stunning discovery, archaeologists stumbled upon the ruins of a 2,000-year-old temple which is said to have been created by an ancient civilisation. The temple was also featured in the 1989 Hollywood film&nbsp;Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade.&nbsp;

The remains were found submerged near the Italian coast and were found to have inscribed marble slabs and ancient altars which were likely present there undisturbed for millennia.

According to researchers, the temple was near the coast of Puteoli, modern-day Pozzuoli and Jordan's ancient nomadic civilisation Nabataeans had built it.&nbsp;

In those ancient times, the city of Puteoli used to be a large harbour where merchants from across the world would come to trade goods.

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“The existence of a Nabataean sanctuary within the port area confirms that there was a community from that region participating in the commercial activities of Puteoli,” said the researchers in the report.&nbsp;

“The temple was a place of worship, a refuge for foreigners, and especially a place of exchange, business, and trade under the guarantee, control, and authority of the god Dusares," they added.&nbsp;

<h2>All about the Roman-style temple that sits underwater</h2>

The temple was built on a rectangular plan and had two rooms through which was given access to the vicus Lartidianus which is an area where foreigners engaged in trade.

"The edification of the sanctuary was possible when the Nabataeans enjoyed the freedom and opportunities offered by the friendship with Rome and the independence of their motherland," explained the researchers.&nbsp;

Every room had Roman-style walls and marble slabs on which were etched the Latin inscription "Dusari sacrum," which meant "consecrated to Dushara," who was the main deity in the ancient Nabataean religion.

The underwater structure was submerged 150 feet off the coast of Pozzuoli.

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“At the time of Trajan [Roman emperor from 98 to 117 AD], this situation suddenly changed and the creation of the province of Arabia Petraea had severe consequences: while Rome imposed its authority and its laws, also the trade routes were absorbed into a general network controlled by the State, with very little space for the initiatives of a people no longer independent," stated the report.&nbsp;

“The downsizing of Nabataeans’ trade and the end of their small monopoly are perhaps the simplest explanations for the end of the sanctuary," it added.&nbsp;

The ancient temple was covered in layers of magma because of centuries of volcanic activity until it was rediscovered by archaeologists who were searching for long-lost treasures in the Gulf of Pozzuoli.

(With inputs from agencies)

In a stunning discovery, archaeologists stumbled upon the ruins of a 2,000-year-old temple which is said to have been created by an ancient civilisation. The temple was also featured in the 1989 Hollywood film Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade.

In a stunning discovery, archaeologists stumbled upon the ruins of a 2,000-year-old temple which is said to have been created by an ancient civilisation. The temple was also featured in the 1989 Hollywood film Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade. The remains were found submerged near the Italian coast and were found to have inscribed marble slabs and ancient altars which were likely present there undisturbed for millennia. According to researchers, the temple was near the coast of Puteoli, modern-day Pozzuoli and Jordan's ancient nomadic civilisation Nabataeans had built it. In those ancient times, the city of Puteoli used to be a large harbour where merchants from across the world would come to trade goods. Also Read: There is an ancient underwater 'Stonehenge' beneath Lake Michigan in US. It was created by... “The existence of a Nabataean sanctuary within the port area confirms that there was a community from that region participating in the commercial activities of Puteoli,” said the researchers in the report. “The temple was a place of worship, a refuge for foreigners, and especially a place of exchange, business, and trade under the guarantee, control, and authority of the god Dusares," they added. All about the Roman-style temple that sits underwater The temple was built on a rectangular plan and had two rooms through which was given access to the vicus Lartidianus which is an area where foreigners engaged in trade. "The edification of the sanctuary was possible when the Nabataeans enjoyed the freedom and opportunities offered by the friendship with Rome and the independence of their motherland," explained the researchers. Every room had Roman-style walls and marble slabs on which were etched the Latin inscription "Dusari sacrum," which meant "consecrated to Dushara," who was the main deity in the ancient Nabataean religion. The underwater structure was submerged 150 feet off the coast of Pozzuoli. Also Read: World's oldest eyeliner unearthed in Turkey. After 8,200 years, its tip is still black “At the time of Trajan [Roman emperor from 98 to 117 AD], this situation suddenly changed and the creation of the province of Arabia Petraea had severe consequences: while Rome imposed its authority and its laws, also the trade routes were absorbed into a general network controlled by the State, with very little space for the initiatives of a people no longer independent," stated the report. “The downsizing of Nabataeans’ trade and the end of their small monopoly are perhaps the simplest explanations for the end of the sanctuary," it added. The ancient temple was covered in layers of magma because of centuries of volcanic activity until it was rediscovered by archaeologists who were searching for long-lost treasures in the Gulf of Pozzuoli. (With inputs from agencies)

THIS 2,000-year-old temple is submerged underwater in Italy. It was featured in 'Indiana Jones'

The biggest and the oldest crater on the moon stretches over 2,000 kilometres and scientists now know exactly when it was formed. Studies have shown that both the Moon and Earth were hit by several asteroids and meteorites during their infancy years. The few craters found on our planet and the many dotting the landscape of the Moon are proof.

One such impact created the South Pole-Aitken (SPA) basin which is located on the far side of the moon. A team of scientists led by researchers from the University of Manchester analysed a lunar meteorite to learn more about the impact basin. The researchers have concluded that the crater was formed over 4.32 billion years ago.

The research&nbsp;was published in the journal Nature Astronomy. The scientists studied a lunar meteorite named Northwest Africa 2995 that was found in Algeria in 2005. Classified as a regolith breccia, it was found to be hiding vital clues about the South Pole-Aitken basin.

Study co-author Joshua Snape, a research fellow at the University of Manchester, says that scientists have long conformed to the belief that the moon was bombarded by massive space rocks between 4.2 and 3.8 billion years ago.

Also Read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/longest-ever-cosmic-radio-signal-lasting-nearly-an-hour-likely-coming-from-769900">Longest-ever cosmic radio signal lasting nearly an hour likely coming from...</a>

An analysis of uranium and lead levels in mineral and rock fragments inside the Northwest Africa 2995 meteorite threw up a fascinating result. The results showed that the SPA basin was formed 120 million years earlier than previously thought. They put the time at around 4.32 to 4.33 billion years ago.&nbsp;

The finding proves that the moon did not go through a narrow period of bombardment, but instead was subjected to gradual assault spread over a longer time span.

“Constraining the age of the South-Pole Aitken basin to 120 million years earlier weakens the argument for this narrow period of impact bombardment on the moon and instead indicates there was a more gradual process of impacts over a longer period,” Snape said.

The researchers compared their data with that of NASA’s Lunar Prospector mission, which orbited the moon between 1998 and 1999.&nbsp;

<h2>What did Earth&nbsp;go through?</h2>

Study senior author Romain Tartese, an astrophysicist at the University of Manchester, says the implications of the findings are not limited to the moon but can help scientists learn more about what Earth went through during the same time.

“We know that the Earth and the moon likely experienced similar impacts during their early history, but rock records from the Earth have been lost,” said Tartese. &nbsp;

“We can use what we have learned about the moon to provide us with clues about the conditions on Earth during the same period of time.”

Lead author Katherine Joy, an astronomer at the University of Manchester says, “The proposed ancient 4.32 billion year old age of the South Pole-Aitken basin now needs to be tested by sample return missions collecting rocks from known localities within the crater itself."

The biggest and the oldest crater on the moon stretches over 2,000 kilometres and scientists now know exactly when it was formed. Studies have shown that both the Moon and Earth were hit by several asteroids and meteorites during their infancy years.

The biggest and the oldest crater on the moon stretches over 2,000 kilometres and scientists now know exactly when it was formed. Studies have shown that both the Moon and Earth were hit by several asteroids and meteorites during their infancy years. The few craters found on our planet and the many dotting the landscape of the Moon are proof. One such impact created the South Pole-Aitken (SPA) basin which is located on the far side of the moon. A team of scientists led by researchers from the University of Manchester analysed a lunar meteorite to learn more about the impact basin. The researchers have concluded that the crater was formed over 4.32 billion years ago. The research was published in the journal Nature Astronomy. The scientists studied a lunar meteorite named Northwest Africa 2995 that was found in Algeria in 2005. Classified as a regolith breccia, it was found to be hiding vital clues about the South Pole-Aitken basin. Study co-author Joshua Snape, a research fellow at the University of Manchester, says that scientists have long conformed to the belief that the moon was bombarded by massive space rocks between 4.2 and 3.8 billion years ago. Also Read: Longest-ever cosmic radio signal lasting nearly an hour likely coming from... An analysis of uranium and lead levels in mineral and rock fragments inside the Northwest Africa 2995 meteorite threw up a fascinating result. The results showed that the SPA basin was formed 120 million years earlier than previously thought. They put the time at around 4.32 to 4.33 billion years ago. The finding proves that the moon did not go through a narrow period of bombardment, but instead was subjected to gradual assault spread over a longer time span. “Constraining the age of the South-Pole Aitken basin to 120 million years earlier weakens the argument for this narrow period of impact bombardment on the moon and instead indicates there was a more gradual process of impacts over a longer period,” Snape said. The researchers compared their data with that of NASA’s Lunar Prospector mission, which orbited the moon between 1998 and 1999. What did Earth go through? Study senior author Romain Tartese, an astrophysicist at the University of Manchester, says the implications of the findings are not limited to the moon but can help scientists learn more about what Earth went through during the same time. “We know that the Earth and the moon likely experienced similar impacts during their early history, but rock records from the Earth have been lost,” said Tartese. “We can use what we have learned about the moon to provide us with clues about the conditions on Earth during the same period of time.” Lead author Katherine Joy, an astronomer at the University of Manchester says, “The proposed ancient 4.32 billion year old age of the South Pole-Aitken basin now needs to be tested by sample return missions collecting rocks from known localities within the crater itself."

The 2,000-kilometre wide crater basin on the moon is way older

In a stunning discovery, researchers have found fossils of ancient elephant species which hint that they may have been food sources to early humans in India.&nbsp;

Scientists first discovered the elephant fossils in Pampore town of Kashmir valley in the year 2000. They later found that the fossils dated back to between 300,00 and 400,000 years ago.

However, they have recently found out which animal's fossils it was and what was the involvement of humans.

According to a new analysis, early humans are likely to have hit the bones of elephants to extract the marrow for food, which is an energy-dense fatty tissue.&nbsp;

The flakes from the bones of the elephant have revealed that this is the earliest evidence of animal butchery in India.&nbsp;

Also Read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/tasmanian-tiger-that-went-extinct-may-come-back-soon-thanks-to-a-head-in-a-bucket-of-ethanol-768600">Tasmanian tiger that went extinct may come back soon, thanks to a head in a bucket of ethanol</a>

“We interpret this specimen as an impact flake resulting from repeated hammering of an elephant bone with a stone implement,” said the authors in the paper.&nbsp;

“Initially, the bone was struck several times in an attempt to initiate the fracture. However, these initial attempts failed, requiring a subsequent, more forceful blow, possibly with a heavier hammerstone, to fully fracture the bone. The overall morphology of this flake closely resembles an impact flake produced in [previous] marrow processing experiments," they added.

<h2>How did hominins live in the Indian subcontinent?</h2>

The discovery is very unusual as there is extremely little evidence of hominins in the Indian subcontinent and just one fossil hominin has ever been found.&nbsp;

The discovery of 87 stone tools along with bones has helped researchers understand how early human ancestors were living.&nbsp;

"So, the question is, who are these hominins? What are they doing on the landscape and are they going after big game or not?" said Advait Jukar, study author and curator of vertebrate palaeontology at the Florida Museum of Natural History, in a&nbsp;statement.&nbsp;

Watch:&nbsp;Sri Lanka: Two Elephants Killed In Train Collision

<div class="videoWrapper trancodeVideo"><iframe allowfullscreen="" autoplay="1" class="includeVideo" frameborder="0" height="350" src="https://www.wionews.com/videos/sri-lanka-two-elephants-killed-in-train-collision-769002/embed" style="width:100%;max-width:560px;" width="560"></iframe></div>

"Now we know for sure, at least in the Kashmir Valley, these hominins are eating elephants," he added.

On the basis of the findings, the team has concluded that the tools and the site are almost 300,000 to 400,000 years old.&nbsp;

“It might just be that people haven’t looked closely enough or are sampling in the wrong place. But up until now, there hasn’t been any direct evidence of humans&nbsp;feeding&nbsp;on large animals in India," said Jukar.

As per the researchers, hominins are likely to have either killed the elephant or may have found it after they had died.&nbsp;

(With inputs from agencies)

In a stunning discovery, researchers have found fossils of ancient elephant species which hint that they may have been food sources to early humans in India. Scientists first discovered the elephant fossils in Pampore town of Kashmir valley in the year 2000.

In a stunning discovery, researchers have found fossils of ancient elephant species which hint that they may have been food sources to early humans in India. Scientists first discovered the elephant fossils in Pampore town of Kashmir valley in the year 2000. They later found that the fossils dated back to between 300,00 and 400,000 years ago. However, they have recently found out which animal's fossils it was and what was the involvement of humans. According to a new analysis, early humans are likely to have hit the bones of elephants to extract the marrow for food, which is an energy-dense fatty tissue. The flakes from the bones of the elephant have revealed that this is the earliest evidence of animal butchery in India. Also Read: Tasmanian tiger that went extinct may come back soon, thanks to a head in a bucket of ethanol “We interpret this specimen as an impact flake resulting from repeated hammering of an elephant bone with a stone implement,” said the authors in the paper. “Initially, the bone was struck several times in an attempt to initiate the fracture. However, these initial attempts failed, requiring a subsequent, more forceful blow, possibly with a heavier hammerstone, to fully fracture the bone. The overall morphology of this flake closely resembles an impact flake produced in [previous] marrow processing experiments," they added. How did hominins live in the Indian subcontinent? The discovery is very unusual as there is extremely little evidence of hominins in the Indian subcontinent and just one fossil hominin has ever been found. The discovery of 87 stone tools along with bones has helped researchers understand how early human ancestors were living. "So, the question is, who are these hominins? What are they doing on the landscape and are they going after big game or not?" said Advait Jukar, study author and curator of vertebrate palaeontology at the Florida Museum of Natural History, in a statement. Watch: Sri Lanka: Two Elephants Killed In Train Collision "Now we know for sure, at least in the Kashmir Valley, these hominins are eating elephants," he added. On the basis of the findings, the team has concluded that the tools and the site are almost 300,000 to 400,000 years old. “It might just be that people haven’t looked closely enough or are sampling in the wrong place. But up until now, there hasn’t been any direct evidence of humans feeding on large animals in India," said Jukar. As per the researchers, hominins are likely to have either killed the elephant or may have found it after they had died. (With inputs from agencies)

Ancient humans were feasting on giant elephants, reveals butchery evidence

After the blowout of the aeroplane plug, Boeing's communications satellite exploded into pieces as it was orbiting in space resulting in a "total loss" of the device which was used for serving customers across Africa, Europe and parts of the Asia-Pacific region.

The company, which had bought the satellite from Boeing, stated that its IS-33e satellite went entirely out of commission on Monday (Oct 21) after it first experienced an “anomaly” on Saturday (Oct 19).&nbsp;

“The anomaly previously disclosed on October 19 has resulted in the total loss of the Intelsat 33e satellite,” said the satellite-powered communications company Intelsat, in a statement.&nbsp;

Also Read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/longest-ever-cosmic-radio-signal-lasting-nearly-an-hour-likely-coming-from-769900">Longest-ever cosmic radio signal lasting nearly an hour likely coming from...</a>

“We are coordinating with the satellite manufacturer, Boeing, and government agencies to analyse data and observations," it added.&nbsp;

<h2>Satellite breaks into 20 pieces of space junk</h2>

According to an alert, the satellite has broken into at least 20 pieces of space junk which are being tracked by the US Space Forces. The federal agency said that there are no immediate threats.&nbsp;

The company said that the satellite, which was expected to have a lifespan of 15 years was launched in August 2016 and was brought into service in January 2017, according to Space News.&nbsp;

The Boeing-built IS-33e had issues from the beginning.&nbsp;

The satellite had gone into service three months after facing an issue with its primary thruster. An issue in its second propulsion during testing had reduced 3.5 years from its initial lifespan, stated the industry publication.

Watch:&nbsp;Explained: Indian Space Agency's Spadex Mission

<div class="videoWrapper trancodeVideo"><iframe allowfullscreen="" autoplay="1" class="includeVideo" frameborder="0" height="350" src="https://www.wionews.com/videos/explained-indian-space-agencys-spadex-mission-768894/embed" style="width:100%;max-width:560px;" width="560"></iframe></div>

According to Space News, Intelsat lost another Boeing satellite known as IS-29e in 2019.

Experts were not able to determine the cause of its destruction nearly three years after its launch, but it was said to have occurred most likely because of either a wiring issue or a collision with a meteorite.

In the last year, Boeing has come under intense scrutiny because of countless issues with its 737 MAX jets, its failed Starliner mission and the door-plug blowout case.

(With inputs from agencies)

After the blowout of the aeroplane plug, Boeing's communications satellite exploded into pieces as it was orbiting in space resulting in a "total loss" of the device which was used for serving customers across Africa, Europe and parts of the Asia-Pacific region.

After the blowout of the aeroplane plug, Boeing's communications satellite exploded into pieces as it was orbiting in space resulting in a "total loss" of the device which was used for serving customers across Africa, Europe and parts of the Asia-Pacific region. The company, which had bought the satellite from Boeing, stated that its IS-33e satellite went entirely out of commission on Monday (Oct 21) after it first experienced an “anomaly” on Saturday (Oct 19). “The anomaly previously disclosed on October 19 has resulted in the total loss of the Intelsat 33e satellite,” said the satellite-powered communications company Intelsat, in a statement. Also Read: Longest-ever cosmic radio signal lasting nearly an hour likely coming from... “We are coordinating with the satellite manufacturer, Boeing, and government agencies to analyse data and observations," it added. Satellite breaks into 20 pieces of space junk According to an alert, the satellite has broken into at least 20 pieces of space junk which are being tracked by the US Space Forces. The federal agency said that there are no immediate threats. The company said that the satellite, which was expected to have a lifespan of 15 years was launched in August 2016 and was brought into service in January 2017, according to Space News. The Boeing-built IS-33e had issues from the beginning. The satellite had gone into service three months after facing an issue with its primary thruster. An issue in its second propulsion during testing had reduced 3.5 years from its initial lifespan, stated the industry publication. Watch: Explained: Indian Space Agency's Spadex Mission According to Space News, Intelsat lost another Boeing satellite known as IS-29e in 2019. Experts were not able to determine the cause of its destruction nearly three years after its launch, but it was said to have occurred most likely because of either a wiring issue or a collision with a meteorite. In the last year, Boeing has come under intense scrutiny because of countless issues with its 737 MAX jets, its failed Starliner mission and the door-plug blowout case. (With inputs from agencies)

Boeing creates trouble in space, as its satellite explodes into pieces. Will it be a threat?

Diamonds to the rescue! A girl's best friend can also save the planet from overheating caused by climate change. A team of climatologists, meteorologists, and Earth scientists suggests that even though it might seem odd, this might become a reality someday.

The researchers explored the potential of diamond dust that can be released from an aeroplane into the atmosphere as a potential solution to reverse global warming.

Earth is heating up and experts suggest it might have already reached a point of no return. Drastic measures need to be taken to dramatically cool down the planet and simply curbing greenhouse gas emissions might not help.&nbsp;

Scientists worldwide agree that injecting aerosols into the atmosphere can help solve the problem as it can reflect sunlight and excess heat back into space. Sulfur dioxide, which naturally occurs in the atmosphere from volcanic eruptions, has been the frontrunner in this race.

However, it comes with its side effects and can cause acid rain across the world, damage the ozone layer, and also cause unpredictable weather changes in the lower atmosphere.

Also Read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/flying-saucer-or-cloud-strange-pet-feature-reappears-in-same-spot-in-new-zealand-769792">Flying saucer or cloud? Strange 'pet' feature reappears in same spot in New Zealand</a>

So they were forced to look for other viable options. Experts conducted a study in the Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science at ETH Zurich where they created a 3D climate model to know the impacts of different types of aerosols.

They evaluated their interaction with light and heat, their longevity in the air, their potential to group together, and how they would eventually fall back to Earth.

<h2>Diamonds can save the planet, but will prove costly</h2>

They found seven candidates that could solve the problem - calcite, diamond, aluminium, silicon carbide, anatase, rutile, and sulfur dioxide, were put to the test. Diamond dust emerged as the surprising winner.

Diamond dust was found to reflect the most light and heat in the experiment. The dust could also remain aloft for suitable lengths of time and was less likely to clump together to retain heat.&nbsp;

The added bonus was that it would not create acid rain because it&nbsp;is chemically inert.&nbsp;

However, considering it is diamonds, the solution comes with a huge price tag. The model recommends that Earth can be cooled down by approximately 1.6°C in 45 years if about five million tonnes of synthetic diamond dust is injected into the atmosphere every year. This exercise would cost a whopping $200 trillion.&nbsp;

The process also has significant technological and logistical challenges. Current manufacturing technologies and infrastructure are not apt for the scenario and need to advance manifold to create and synthesise the diamond dust on such a massive scale.&nbsp;

To deploy the diamond dust every year means having a specialised aircraft or spacecraft to release the particles at the requisite altitude globally.&nbsp;

Diamonds to the rescue! A girl's best friend can also save the planet from overheating caused by climate change. A team of climatologists, meteorologists, and Earth scientists suggests that even though it might seem odd, this might become a reality someday.

Diamonds to the rescue! A girl's best friend can also save the planet from overheating caused by climate change. A team of climatologists, meteorologists, and Earth scientists suggests that even though it might seem odd, this might become a reality someday. The researchers explored the potential of diamond dust that can be released from an aeroplane into the atmosphere as a potential solution to reverse global warming. Earth is heating up and experts suggest it might have already reached a point of no return. Drastic measures need to be taken to dramatically cool down the planet and simply curbing greenhouse gas emissions might not help. Scientists worldwide agree that injecting aerosols into the atmosphere can help solve the problem as it can reflect sunlight and excess heat back into space. Sulfur dioxide, which naturally occurs in the atmosphere from volcanic eruptions, has been the frontrunner in this race. However, it comes with its side effects and can cause acid rain across the world, damage the ozone layer, and also cause unpredictable weather changes in the lower atmosphere. Also Read: Flying saucer or cloud? Strange 'pet' feature reappears in same spot in New Zealand So they were forced to look for other viable options. Experts conducted a study in the Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science at ETH Zurich where they created a 3D climate model to know the impacts of different types of aerosols. They evaluated their interaction with light and heat, their longevity in the air, their potential to group together, and how they would eventually fall back to Earth. Diamonds can save the planet, but will prove costly They found seven candidates that could solve the problem - calcite, diamond, aluminium, silicon carbide, anatase, rutile, and sulfur dioxide, were put to the test. Diamond dust emerged as the surprising winner. Diamond dust was found to reflect the most light and heat in the experiment. The dust could also remain aloft for suitable lengths of time and was less likely to clump together to retain heat. The added bonus was that it would not create acid rain because it is chemically inert. However, considering it is diamonds, the solution comes with a huge price tag. The model recommends that Earth can be cooled down by approximately 1.6°C in 45 years if about five million tonnes of synthetic diamond dust is injected into the atmosphere every year. This exercise would cost a whopping $200 trillion. The process also has significant technological and logistical challenges. Current manufacturing technologies and infrastructure are not apt for the scenario and need to advance manifold to create and synthesise the diamond dust on such a massive scale. To deploy the diamond dust every year means having a specialised aircraft or spacecraft to release the particles at the requisite altitude globally.

Scientists tout diamond dust, a $200 trillion solution, to cool down Earth

A recent satellite photo of New Zealand has revealed a strange cloud in the exact same place it was earlier seen. The "pet cloud" is known to return to the same place often, thanks to a nearby mountain range, Live Science reported. In the past, people have believed it to be a UFO because of its peculiar appearance.

The oblong cloud is called "Taieri Pet" by the locals. It is an elongated altocumulus standing lenticular cloud (ASLC), and frequently appears between the towns Middlemarch and Hyde in the Otago region of New Zealand's South Island.

Its size can vary slightly every time, but its shape and location are almost always the same. The latest cloud is 11.5 kilometres long.

When waves of air pass over a barrier, like a mountain range, water vapour is forced to condense into vertical layers. This is what led to the formation of ASLCs, as per the National Weather Service.

NASA's Earth Observatory says that the Taieri Pet forms when moist air passes over the Rock and Pillar Range, seen parallel to the left of the cloud in the photo. It is stopped in one place with perpendicular winds blowing from the north further shaping it.

Also Read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/giant-rotating-arm-will-fling-satellites-into-space-company-plans-to-send-first-batch-by-769701">Giant rotating arm will fling satellites into space, company plans to send first batch by...</a>

"As the cloud forms on the crest of this wave, it remains almost stationary in the sky and is shaped by the strong winds blowing through it," John Law, a meteorologist with New Zealand's MetService, told Earth Observatory.

<h2>Lenticular clouds look like UFO</h2>

Such clouds are often shaped like flying saucers which often makes one believe that they are seeing a UFO. According to the UK Met Office, lenticular clouds are "believed to be one of the most common explanations for UFO sightings across the world."

The Taieri Pet can be several hundred feet tall, based on what previous photos show. With well-defined layers on top of one another, it looks like a "huge stack of pancakes" or a "pile of plates," Earth Observatory representatives wrote.

Lenticular clouds can pose serious risks to aircraft because of the vertical currents that run up and down through it. Flights can experience severe turbulence travelling while through them and gain a coat of ice because of the low temperatures, the UK Met Office says.

A recent satellite photo of New Zealand has revealed a strange cloud in the exact same place it was earlier seen. The "pet cloud" is known to return to the same place often, thanks to a nearby mountain range, Live Science reported.

A recent satellite photo of New Zealand has revealed a strange cloud in the exact same place it was earlier seen. The "pet cloud" is known to return to the same place often, thanks to a nearby mountain range, Live Science reported. In the past, people have believed it to be a UFO because of its peculiar appearance. The oblong cloud is called "Taieri Pet" by the locals. It is an elongated altocumulus standing lenticular cloud (ASLC), and frequently appears between the towns Middlemarch and Hyde in the Otago region of New Zealand's South Island. Its size can vary slightly every time, but its shape and location are almost always the same. The latest cloud is 11.5 kilometres long. When waves of air pass over a barrier, like a mountain range, water vapour is forced to condense into vertical layers. This is what led to the formation of ASLCs, as per the National Weather Service. NASA's Earth Observatory says that the Taieri Pet forms when moist air passes over the Rock and Pillar Range, seen parallel to the left of the cloud in the photo. It is stopped in one place with perpendicular winds blowing from the north further shaping it. Also Read: Giant rotating arm will fling satellites into space, company plans to send first batch by... "As the cloud forms on the crest of this wave, it remains almost stationary in the sky and is shaped by the strong winds blowing through it," John Law, a meteorologist with New Zealand's MetService, told Earth Observatory. Lenticular clouds look like UFO Such clouds are often shaped like flying saucers which often makes one believe that they are seeing a UFO. According to the UK Met Office, lenticular clouds are "believed to be one of the most common explanations for UFO sightings across the world." The Taieri Pet can be several hundred feet tall, based on what previous photos show. With well-defined layers on top of one another, it looks like a "huge stack of pancakes" or a "pile of plates," Earth Observatory representatives wrote. Lenticular clouds can pose serious risks to aircraft because of the vertical currents that run up and down through it. Flights can experience severe turbulence travelling while through them and gain a coat of ice because of the low temperatures, the UK Met Office says.

Flying saucer or cloud? Strange 'pet' feature reappears on same spot in New Zealand

Space companies are spending millions to find newer and cost-effective ways to put satellites into space. But one setup is planning to catapult satellites into orbit without the need for rockets or rocket fuel.&nbsp;

California-based company, SpinLaunch, is making headlines for its innovative satellite launch system that works solely on electricity. Their technology will send satellites into space using a giant rotating arm that would fling satellites into low Earth orbit.&nbsp;

The company has conducted several successful tests and aims to send a bunch of satellites into space by 2026.&nbsp;

"This is not a rocket, and clearly our ability to perform in just 11 months this many tests and have them all function as planned, really is a testament to the nature of our technology," Jonathan Yaney, founder and CEO of SpinLaunch, said in 2022.

The process involves&nbsp;harnessing kinetic energy, something that has been around for centuries. In medieval times, devices like trebuchets and siege machines used this energy to hurl heavy objects over long distances.

What powers SpinLaunch's technology are miniaturised electronics and modern systems, which include high-strength carbon fibre and compact electronic systems, as per the company's website.&nbsp;

Also Read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/meteorite-200-times-dinosaur-killer-ravaged-and-then-birthed-life-on-earth-769641">Life blossomed on infant Earth after massive meteorite strike billions of years ago</a>

"Modern electronics, materials, and simulation tools allow for satellites to be adapted to the kinetic launch environment with relative ease," SpinLaunch states.

<h2>Catapult technology will save the environment</h2>

The entire launch happens so fast that you might miss it if you divert your attention even for a second. A video of a test launch in New Mexico shows a setting similar to what you would expect in a NASA mission control room, with the satellite leaving the launch barrel and excited engineers monitoring the event.

The challenges faced by the technology include extreme conditions, including the vacuum of space and rapid acceleration.

SpinLaunch was founded in 2014 and has collaborated with NASA, Airbus, and Cornell University.&nbsp;

The biggest plus point of such technology is that cuts out the requirement for rocket fuel, something that is spent in a huge quantity while launching satellites.

It will also negate the impact of satellite launches on the environment, as every satellite launch using a rocket affects the ozone layer.&nbsp;

SpinLaunch is now working to develop a coastal orbital launch site.&nbsp;

Space companies are spending millions to find newer and cost-effective ways to put satellites into space. But one setup is planning to catapult satellites into orbit without the need for rockets or rocket fuel.

Space companies are spending millions to find newer and cost-effective ways to put satellites into space. But one setup is planning to catapult satellites into orbit without the need for rockets or rocket fuel. California-based company, SpinLaunch, is making headlines for its innovative satellite launch system that works solely on electricity. Their technology will send satellites into space using a giant rotating arm that would fling satellites into low Earth orbit. The company has conducted several successful tests and aims to send a bunch of satellites into space by 2026. "This is not a rocket, and clearly our ability to perform in just 11 months this many tests and have them all function as planned, really is a testament to the nature of our technology," Jonathan Yaney, founder and CEO of SpinLaunch, said in 2022. The process involves harnessing kinetic energy, something that has been around for centuries. In medieval times, devices like trebuchets and siege machines used this energy to hurl heavy objects over long distances. What powers SpinLaunch's technology are miniaturised electronics and modern systems, which include high-strength carbon fibre and compact electronic systems, as per the company's website. Also Read: Life blossomed on infant Earth after massive meteorite strike billions of years ago "Modern electronics, materials, and simulation tools allow for satellites to be adapted to the kinetic launch environment with relative ease," SpinLaunch states. Catapult technology will save the environment The entire launch happens so fast that you might miss it if you divert your attention even for a second. A video of a test launch in New Mexico shows a setting similar to what you would expect in a NASA mission control room, with the satellite leaving the launch barrel and excited engineers monitoring the event. The challenges faced by the technology include extreme conditions, including the vacuum of space and rapid acceleration. SpinLaunch was founded in 2014 and has collaborated with NASA, Airbus, and Cornell University. The biggest plus point of such technology is that cuts out the requirement for rocket fuel, something that is spent in a huge quantity while launching satellites. It will also negate the impact of satellite launches on the environment, as every satellite launch using a rocket affects the ozone layer. SpinLaunch is now working to develop a coastal orbital launch site.

Giant rotating arm will fling satellites into space, company plans to send first batch by...

A meteorite that Earth three billion years ago might have set up the platform for life to thrive on the planet, a team of scientists has found. But not before causing massive devastation first.&nbsp;

The meteorite was first discovered in 2014 and was 200 times bigger than the asteroid that killed the dinosaurs 66 million years ago. Earth was covered by mainly oceans at this time with only a few continents jutting out from here and there. The impact generated a lot of heat that boiled the oceans and caused the biggest tsunami in the history of mankind.

The team drove and hiked to Eastern Barberton Greenbelt in South Africa three times to collect rocks and learn more about the impact. The region is one of the oldest places on Earth where signs of a meteorite crash can be seen.

Meteorite S2 was one of the several pieces of debris swirling around in space after Earth formed. Bigger than the asteroid killer, S2 was 40-60km wide with a mass 50-200 times greater. In comparison, the asteroid responsible for the extinction of dinosaurs was around 10 km wide, about the size of Mount Everest.

“We know that after Earth first formed there was still a lot of debris flying around space that would be smashing into Earth,” says Prof Nadja Drabon from Harvard University, lead author of the new research.

Also Read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/mass-extinction-event-that-occurred-40-years-back-never-happened-its-a-miracle-768320">Shocking study says THIS mass extinction event never happened</a>

“But now we have found that life was really resilient in the wake of some of these giant impacts and that it actually bloomed and thrived,” she says.

At the time, Earth harboured simple life forms with microorganisms composed of single cells living on the planet.&nbsp;

Prof Drabon and her team looked for tiny fragments of rock that the impact left behind. They carried back hundreds of kilograms of rock to their lab for analysis.&nbsp;

They have now reconstructed the incident which they say made a 500km crater and pulverised rocks. Moving at fast speeds, the rocks formed a cloud around the globe.

“Imagine a rain cloud, but instead of water droplets coming down, it's like molten rock droplets raining out of the sky,” says Prof Drabon.

Also Read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/life-might-thrive-under-frozen-water-on-mars-study-says-768725">Life might thrive under frozen water on Mars, study says</a>

It triggered a tsunami that ripped up the sea floor, with heat boiling the oceans and evaporating tens of metres of water. Air temperatures increased by up to 100 degrees Celsius, the skies turned black which even sunlight could not penetrate. Simple life relying on photosynthesis was wiped out.

Surprisingly, the devastation churned up nutrients like phosphorus and iron, leading life to bounce back quickly and thrive.&nbsp;

“Life was not only resilient but actually bounced back really quickly and thrived,” Prof Drabon says.

Iron-rich water from the depths came up to the surface because of the tsunami which gave early microbes extra energy. Prof Drabon says that this finding cements the belief that early life received ample help from other rocks that struck Earth in its early years.

A meteorite that Earth three billion years ago might have set up the platform for life to thrive on the planet, a team of scientists has found. But not before causing massive devastation first.

A meteorite that Earth three billion years ago might have set up the platform for life to thrive on the planet, a team of scientists has found. But not before causing massive devastation first. The meteorite was first discovered in 2014 and was 200 times bigger than the asteroid that killed the dinosaurs 66 million years ago. Earth was covered by mainly oceans at this time with only a few continents jutting out from here and there. The impact generated a lot of heat that boiled the oceans and caused the biggest tsunami in the history of mankind. The team drove and hiked to Eastern Barberton Greenbelt in South Africa three times to collect rocks and learn more about the impact. The region is one of the oldest places on Earth where signs of a meteorite crash can be seen. Meteorite S2 was one of the several pieces of debris swirling around in space after Earth formed. Bigger than the asteroid killer, S2 was 40-60km wide with a mass 50-200 times greater. In comparison, the asteroid responsible for the extinction of dinosaurs was around 10 km wide, about the size of Mount Everest. “We know that after Earth first formed there was still a lot of debris flying around space that would be smashing into Earth,” says Prof Nadja Drabon from Harvard University, lead author of the new research. Also Read: Shocking study says THIS mass extinction event never happened “But now we have found that life was really resilient in the wake of some of these giant impacts and that it actually bloomed and thrived,” she says. At the time, Earth harboured simple life forms with microorganisms composed of single cells living on the planet. Prof Drabon and her team looked for tiny fragments of rock that the impact left behind. They carried back hundreds of kilograms of rock to their lab for analysis. They have now reconstructed the incident which they say made a 500km crater and pulverised rocks. Moving at fast speeds, the rocks formed a cloud around the globe. “Imagine a rain cloud, but instead of water droplets coming down, it's like molten rock droplets raining out of the sky,” says Prof Drabon. Also Read: Life might thrive under frozen water on Mars, study says It triggered a tsunami that ripped up the sea floor, with heat boiling the oceans and evaporating tens of metres of water. Air temperatures increased by up to 100 degrees Celsius, the skies turned black which even sunlight could not penetrate. Simple life relying on photosynthesis was wiped out. Surprisingly, the devastation churned up nutrients like phosphorus and iron, leading life to bounce back quickly and thrive. “Life was not only resilient but actually bounced back really quickly and thrived,” Prof Drabon says. Iron-rich water from the depths came up to the surface because of the tsunami which gave early microbes extra energy. Prof Drabon says that this finding cements the belief that early life received ample help from other rocks that struck Earth in its early years.

Life blossomed on infant Earth after massive meteorite strike billions of years ago

A sperm and an egg come together like a lock and key, new research carried out by scientists in Austria suggests. Their study carries exciting clues about how fertilisation works, what happens when a sperm and egg come together and it might be the exact same phenomenon across the animal kingdom, from fishes to people.

"We discovered this mechanism that's really fundamental across all vertebrates as far as we can tell," co-author Andrea Pauli from the Research Institute of Molecular Pathology in Vienna, said.

The study was published Thursday in the journal Cell.

They analysed zebrafish, mice, and human cells as part of the study which revealed that a lock and key mechanism is at play during fertilisation. Three proteins on the sperm join to form a type of key that unlocks the egg, allowing the sperm to attach.

The study authors further say that it has been this way over millions of years of evolution.

<h2>Nobel Prize winning tech helped make revelation</h2>

Earlier studies had shown the presence of two proteins, one on the surface of the sperm and another on the egg's membrane. Pauli's lab worked with international collaborators and used Google DeepMind's artificial intelligence tool AlphaFold to identify the new protein that works to establish the first molecular connection between sperm and egg.&nbsp;

Also Read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/life-might-thrive-under-frozen-water-on-mars-study-says-768725">Life might thrive under frozen water on Mars, study says</a>

Notably, the developers of this tool were recently awarded a Nobel Prize in Chemistry.

Pauli says that earlier it wasn't known how the proteins "worked together as a team in order to allow sperm and egg to recognise each other."

Scientists still have more to learn about the sperm and the egg as they are yet to decode how the sperm gets inside the egg after attaching to it.&nbsp;

Pauli says learning more about the fertilisation process in detail can help understand infertility better and develop new birth control methods.

A sperm and an egg come together like a lock and key, new research carried out by scientists in Austria suggests. Their study carries exciting clues about how fertilisation works, what happens when a sperm and egg come together and it might be the exact same phenomenon across the animal kingdom, from fishes to people.

A sperm and an egg come together like a lock and key, new research carried out by scientists in Austria suggests. Their study carries exciting clues about how fertilisation works, what happens when a sperm and egg come together and it might be the exact same phenomenon across the animal kingdom, from fishes to people. "We discovered this mechanism that's really fundamental across all vertebrates as far as we can tell," co-author Andrea Pauli from the Research Institute of Molecular Pathology in Vienna, said. The study was published Thursday in the journal Cell. They analysed zebrafish, mice, and human cells as part of the study which revealed that a lock and key mechanism is at play during fertilisation. Three proteins on the sperm join to form a type of key that unlocks the egg, allowing the sperm to attach. The study authors further say that it has been this way over millions of years of evolution. Nobel Prize winning tech helped make revelation Earlier studies had shown the presence of two proteins, one on the surface of the sperm and another on the egg's membrane. Pauli's lab worked with international collaborators and used Google DeepMind's artificial intelligence tool AlphaFold to identify the new protein that works to establish the first molecular connection between sperm and egg. Also Read: Life might thrive under frozen water on Mars, study says Notably, the developers of this tool were recently awarded a Nobel Prize in Chemistry. Pauli says that earlier it wasn't known how the proteins "worked together as a team in order to allow sperm and egg to recognise each other." Scientists still have more to learn about the sperm and the egg as they are yet to decode how the sperm gets inside the egg after attaching to it. Pauli says learning more about the fertilisation process in detail can help understand infertility better and develop new birth control methods.

Sperm-egg fusion DECODED: Like a key that unlocks a gateway

Scientists peering into the early universe are baffled to see lonely quasars drifting away in the void. Quasars are one of the brightest objects in the universe. It sits at the core of a galaxy and hosts an active supermassive black hole at its centre. Black holes pull in surrounding gas and dust and blast out an enormous amount of energy. This creates extreme brightness around them

Quasars are known to be surrounded by several smaller galaxies. They came into being as few as a hundred million years after the Big Bang, something that has surprised astronomers. The earliest quasars are believed to have been produced from dense regions of primordial matter.&nbsp;

Quasars are expected to sit in crowded fields with several galaxies around them, but a new MIT-led study says that astronomers have observed some ancient quasars that are drifting away alone in the early universe.

The findings have been published in The Astrophysical Journal.&nbsp;

Using NASA's James Webb Space Telescope, the team looked as far back as 13 billion years into the universe and studied the cosmic surroundings of five known ancient quasars.

Also Read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/sperm-egg-fusion-decoded-like-a-key-that-unlocks-a-gateway-to-attack-to-the-egg-768892">Sperm-egg fusion DECODED: Like a key that unlocks a gateway</a>

They found a variety of quasars, with some residing in extremely packed fields with over 50 galaxies around them, with five of them all alone with only a few galaxies nearby.

<h2>How can lonely quasars exist?</h2>

Scientists are surprised to see such lonely quasars and are struggling to understand how were they born so early on in the universe in the absence of a significant source of surrounding matter to fuel the growth of their black hole.

"Contrary to previous belief, we find on average, these quasars are not necessarily in those highest-density regions of the early universe. Some of them seem to be sitting in the middle of nowhere," says Anna-Christina Eilers, assistant professor of physics at MIT.&nbsp;

"It's difficult to explain how these quasars could have grown so big if they appear to have nothing to feed from."

Also Read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/orionids-meteor-shower-will-peak-soon-here-is-when-and-how-to-watch-the-shooting-stars-768918">Orionids meteor shower will peak soon. Here is when and how to watch the shooting stars</a>

The team believes these quasars might not be as alone as it appears. They suggest that the bright objects might be surrounded by galaxies that are heavily shrouded in dust and are therefore not visible.

The researchers are not working to fine-tune their observations and see through the cosmic dust and learn how the quasars grew so big, so fast, in the early universe.

The five quasars are more than 13 billion years old and the oldest to be ever observed. They likely formed between 600 to 700 million years after the Big Bang. The supermassive black holes are a billion times more massive than the sun.&nbsp;

Scientists peering into the early universe are baffled to see lonely quasars drifting away in the void. Quasars are one of the brightest objects in the universe.

Scientists peering into the early universe are baffled to see lonely quasars drifting away in the void. Quasars are one of the brightest objects in the universe. It sits at the core of a galaxy and hosts an active supermassive black hole at its centre. Black holes pull in surrounding gas and dust and blast out an enormous amount of energy. This creates extreme brightness around them Quasars are known to be surrounded by several smaller galaxies. They came into being as few as a hundred million years after the Big Bang, something that has surprised astronomers. The earliest quasars are believed to have been produced from dense regions of primordial matter. Quasars are expected to sit in crowded fields with several galaxies around them, but a new MIT-led study says that astronomers have observed some ancient quasars that are drifting away alone in the early universe. The findings have been published in The Astrophysical Journal. Using NASA's James Webb Space Telescope, the team looked as far back as 13 billion years into the universe and studied the cosmic surroundings of five known ancient quasars. Also Read: Sperm-egg fusion DECODED: Like a key that unlocks a gateway They found a variety of quasars, with some residing in extremely packed fields with over 50 galaxies around them, with five of them all alone with only a few galaxies nearby. How can lonely quasars exist? Scientists are surprised to see such lonely quasars and are struggling to understand how were they born so early on in the universe in the absence of a significant source of surrounding matter to fuel the growth of their black hole. "Contrary to previous belief, we find on average, these quasars are not necessarily in those highest-density regions of the early universe. Some of them seem to be sitting in the middle of nowhere," says Anna-Christina Eilers, assistant professor of physics at MIT. "It's difficult to explain how these quasars could have grown so big if they appear to have nothing to feed from." Also Read: Orionids meteor shower will peak soon. Here is when and how to watch the shooting stars The team believes these quasars might not be as alone as it appears. They suggest that the bright objects might be surrounded by galaxies that are heavily shrouded in dust and are therefore not visible. The researchers are not working to fine-tune their observations and see through the cosmic dust and learn how the quasars grew so big, so fast, in the early universe. The five quasars are more than 13 billion years old and the oldest to be ever observed. They likely formed between 600 to 700 million years after the Big Bang. The supermassive black holes are a billion times more massive than the sun.

Oldest quasars ever observed in early universe are extremely lonely

Orionids, the meteor shower originating from the famous Halley's Comet, are currently visible in the night sky. Skygazers are in for a treat this Halloween as the spectacular meteor shower will soon reach its peak, creating a beautiful spectacle.&nbsp;

The Orionid meteor shower will see several bright meteors shooting across the night sky at an extremely fast pace. It is considered by astronomers to be one of the most beautiful meteor showers to grace the skies.

As per NASA, the meteors enter the Earth's atmosphere at an astonishing speed of about 148,000 mph at their peak. The debris left behind creates a beautiful trail that lasts for several seconds and sometimes even for a few minutes.

You can also be treated to spectacular fireballs if they move at an even faster speed, NASA says.

<h2>Best time to watch the Orionids</h2>

The Orionid meteor shower started on Sep 26 but will reach peak activity this weekend, specifically on Oct 20 and 21, that is Sunday and Monday, according to the American Meteor Society.

Experts say you should be glued to the sky from midnight to dawn to catch the best view. After peaking on these days, the meteor shower will continue to rain down till Nov 22. However, the intensity of the shower will keep reducing in the coming days.

Also Read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/meteor-shower-linked-to-halleys-comet-has-started-here-is-when-to-watch-the-orionids-762538">Meteor shower linked to Halley's Comet has started</a>

During its peak, it can produce 20-30 shooting stars every hour. However, this can also go up to 50-75 sometimes. This happened between 2006 and 2009 when the Orionids sent shooting stars equal to those produced by the Perseids.

<h2>Orionids meteor shower in India</h2>

The meteor shower will also be visible in India. However, you'll need to go to a place where there is no light pollution and the skies appear really dark. Ladakh is touted as one of the best places to catch a meteor shower in the country.&nbsp;

<h2>How to watch the Orionids</h2>

Clear and dark skies are the ideal scenario to spot the meteor shower. Try and go far away from all the light pollution. Keep your eyes glued to the skies and wait at least half an hour, because it will take that much time to start seeing them.

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Do not use binoculars or a telescope as they might hamper your view.&nbsp;

The meteor shower derives its name from the Orion constellation, but experts suggest not to look towards it if you wish to see the shooting stars.

A nearly-full bright waning gibbous moon is currently shining which might make it difficult to spot the shooting stars, NASA says. However, you should still be able to see some of them moving at "41 miles per second in both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres".

<h2>Halley's Comet</h2>

The most famous comet to visit Earth has an average cycle of 72 years. The last time it was visible was in 1986. It reached its farthest point from the sun on Dec 9 last year and has already started its return trip towards us. However, the wait is quite long as it will reach us by 2061. It will come much closer to Earth than it did last time. 
&nbsp;

Orionids, the meteor shower originating from the famous Halley's Comet, are currently visible in the night sky. Skygazers are in for a treat this Halloween as the spectacular meteor shower will soon reach its peak, creating a beautiful spectacle.

Orionids, the meteor shower originating from the famous Halley's Comet, are currently visible in the night sky. Skygazers are in for a treat this Halloween as the spectacular meteor shower will soon reach its peak, creating a beautiful spectacle. The Orionid meteor shower will see several bright meteors shooting across the night sky at an extremely fast pace. It is considered by astronomers to be one of the most beautiful meteor showers to grace the skies. As per NASA, the meteors enter the Earth's atmosphere at an astonishing speed of about 148,000 mph at their peak. The debris left behind creates a beautiful trail that lasts for several seconds and sometimes even for a few minutes. You can also be treated to spectacular fireballs if they move at an even faster speed, NASA says. Best time to watch the Orionids The Orionid meteor shower started on Sep 26 but will reach peak activity this weekend, specifically on Oct 20 and 21, that is Sunday and Monday, according to the American Meteor Society. Experts say you should be glued to the sky from midnight to dawn to catch the best view. After peaking on these days, the meteor shower will continue to rain down till Nov 22. However, the intensity of the shower will keep reducing in the coming days. Also Read: Meteor shower linked to Halley's Comet has started During its peak, it can produce 20-30 shooting stars every hour. However, this can also go up to 50-75 sometimes. This happened between 2006 and 2009 when the Orionids sent shooting stars equal to those produced by the Perseids. Orionids meteor shower in India The meteor shower will also be visible in India. However, you'll need to go to a place where there is no light pollution and the skies appear really dark. Ladakh is touted as one of the best places to catch a meteor shower in the country. How to watch the Orionids Clear and dark skies are the ideal scenario to spot the meteor shower. Try and go far away from all the light pollution. Keep your eyes glued to the skies and wait at least half an hour, because it will take that much time to start seeing them. Also Read: After A3, super bright 'sungrazer' comet will be visible at noon Do not use binoculars or a telescope as they might hamper your view. The meteor shower derives its name from the Orion constellation, but experts suggest not to look towards it if you wish to see the shooting stars. A nearly-full bright waning gibbous moon is currently shining which might make it difficult to spot the shooting stars, NASA says. However, you should still be able to see some of them moving at "41 miles per second in both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres". Halley's Comet The most famous comet to visit Earth has an average cycle of 72 years. The last time it was visible was in 1986. It reached its farthest point from the sun on Dec 9 last year and has already started its return trip towards us. However, the wait is quite long as it will reach us by 2061. It will come much closer to Earth than it did last time.

Orionids meteor shower will peak soon. Here is when and how to watch the shooting stars

A mass extinction event that was said to have occurred as recently as 40 years ago never actually happened, according to a new study. As per records, a large-scale plant extinction event occurred in Ecuador, South America, in a tropical cloud forest. But did it really happen?

An international team of botanists doubts it did and shares their concerns in a study published in Nature Plants. Led by Dawson M. White of Harvard University, the study challenges the concept of "Centinelan extinction".

This idea states that plant species known only from a single location can immediately go extinct because of deforestation.

Botanists Calaway Dodson and Alwyn Gentry reported in the 1980s that around 90 plant species resided in the Centinela ridge in western Ecuador and were found nowhere else on Earth, further claiming they had all gone extinct due to widespread deforestation.

The "Centinelan extinction" acted as a warning sign highlighting the potential for rapid biodiversity loss in tropical regions.

However, White and his team&nbsp;debunk the claim that the plant species were only found in this particular area.

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They found that 99 per cent of plants thought to have gone extinct had been discovered elsewhere. Only one species, a tiny orchid called Bifrenaria integrilabia, was solely from Centinela.

<h2>We can still save these plants, researchers say</h2>

Calling it a "miracle", White said in a press release, "Many of Centinela’s plants are still on the brink of extinction, but fortunately the reports of their demise were exaggerated. There’s still time to save them and turn this story around."

However, this does not mean that deforestation isn't a danger. Researchers say that most of these plants are rare and endangered and over 150 species are globally threatened.&nbsp;

The team of botanists also quashed previous reports of complete deforestation, saying they found hints of the original forest. They discovered small patches in pastures and ravines filled with small remnants and thousands of mature trees. The regions still harbour many of the rare plant species once thought extinct.

They also discovered at least eight new plant species during their recent surveys.&nbsp;

Researchers found "a totally new species of canopy tree in the Cotton family", and study co-author Andrea Fernández of Northwestern University and the Chicago Botanic Garden says, "It’s one of the tallest trees we have encountered, but it’s extremely rare" with only 15 of them alive in Centinela.

A mass extinction event that was said to have occurred as recently as 40 years ago never actually happened, according to a new study. As per records, a large-scale plant extinction event occurred in Ecuador, South America, in a tropical cloud forest.

A mass extinction event that was said to have occurred as recently as 40 years ago never actually happened, according to a new study. As per records, a large-scale plant extinction event occurred in Ecuador, South America, in a tropical cloud forest. But did it really happen? An international team of botanists doubts it did and shares their concerns in a study published in Nature Plants. Led by Dawson M. White of Harvard University, the study challenges the concept of "Centinelan extinction". This idea states that plant species known only from a single location can immediately go extinct because of deforestation. Botanists Calaway Dodson and Alwyn Gentry reported in the 1980s that around 90 plant species resided in the Centinela ridge in western Ecuador and were found nowhere else on Earth, further claiming they had all gone extinct due to widespread deforestation. The "Centinelan extinction" acted as a warning sign highlighting the potential for rapid biodiversity loss in tropical regions. However, White and his team debunk the claim that the plant species were only found in this particular area. Also Read: Man lives his entire life without ever knowing he had three penises They found that 99 per cent of plants thought to have gone extinct had been discovered elsewhere. Only one species, a tiny orchid called Bifrenaria integrilabia, was solely from Centinela. We can still save these plants, researchers say Calling it a "miracle", White said in a press release, "Many of Centinela’s plants are still on the brink of extinction, but fortunately the reports of their demise were exaggerated. There’s still time to save them and turn this story around." However, this does not mean that deforestation isn't a danger. Researchers say that most of these plants are rare and endangered and over 150 species are globally threatened. The team of botanists also quashed previous reports of complete deforestation, saying they found hints of the original forest. They discovered small patches in pastures and ravines filled with small remnants and thousands of mature trees. The regions still harbour many of the rare plant species once thought extinct. They also discovered at least eight new plant species during their recent surveys. Researchers found "a totally new species of canopy tree in the Cotton family", and study co-author Andrea Fernández of Northwestern University and the Chicago Botanic Garden says, "It’s one of the tallest trees we have encountered, but it’s extremely rare" with only 15 of them alive in Centinela.

Shocking study says THIS mass extinction event never happened

The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) has been peering into the world of an extremely young gas planet several light years from&nbsp;Earth. However, scientists don't have much time to learn about it as planet AF Lep b will soon vanish for the next 10 years.&nbsp;

The newly discovered exoplanet is only 23 million years old and is special because not a lot of young planets are commonly found. In comparison, our Earth is around 4.5 billion years old. Till now, over 5,700 exoplanets have been confirmed to exist in the universe.

The exoplanet is orbiting its star and will soon move extremely near to it, making it impossible to view AF Lep b for over a decade because of the brightness.

"AF Lep b is right at the inner edge of being detectable," said Kyle Franson, an astronomer and graduate student at The University of Texas at Austin.

The research team quickly applied for "Director’s Discretionary Time" from the Space Telescope Science Institute in Baltimore, to get time with the Webb telescope and know more about the planet.&nbsp;

They zoomed into AF Lep b and published their findings in the peer-reviewed science publication The Astrophysical Journal Letters.

<h2>Planet AF Lep b has a 'very active atmosphere'</h2>

Webb's coronagraph is a useful tool that helps block the brightness of a nearby star to help observe a much fainter target. In the case of AF Lep b, the coronagraph blocked 90 per cent of the star's light.&nbsp;

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Scientists noted that it is located 88 light-years away.&nbsp;

The astronomers also found that AF Lep b is about three times the mass of Jupiter. It also has a "very active atmosphere", as hints of carbon monoxide have been detected. "The only way to get gas of that type into the planet’s upper atmosphere is with strong updrafts," William Balmer, a coauthor of the research at Johns Hopkins University, added.

The Webb telescope is a joint effort by NASA, ESA, and the Canadian Space Agency and aims to look into the initial years of the cosmos. It also studies planets and other bodies in our solar system.

The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) has been peering into the world of an extremely young gas planet several light years from Earth. However, scientists don't have much time to learn about it as planet AF Lep b will soon vanish for the next 10 years.

The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) has been peering into the world of an extremely young gas planet several light years from Earth. However, scientists don't have much time to learn about it as planet AF Lep b will soon vanish for the next 10 years. The newly discovered exoplanet is only 23 million years old and is special because not a lot of young planets are commonly found. In comparison, our Earth is around 4.5 billion years old. Till now, over 5,700 exoplanets have been confirmed to exist in the universe. The exoplanet is orbiting its star and will soon move extremely near to it, making it impossible to view AF Lep b for over a decade because of the brightness. "AF Lep b is right at the inner edge of being detectable," said Kyle Franson, an astronomer and graduate student at The University of Texas at Austin. The research team quickly applied for "Director’s Discretionary Time" from the Space Telescope Science Institute in Baltimore, to get time with the Webb telescope and know more about the planet. They zoomed into AF Lep b and published their findings in the peer-reviewed science publication The Astrophysical Journal Letters. Planet AF Lep b has a 'very active atmosphere' Webb's coronagraph is a useful tool that helps block the brightness of a nearby star to help observe a much fainter target. In the case of AF Lep b, the coronagraph blocked 90 per cent of the star's light. Also Read: Mass extinction event that occurred 40 years back never happened. 'It's a miracle...' Scientists noted that it is located 88 light-years away. The astronomers also found that AF Lep b is about three times the mass of Jupiter. It also has a "very active atmosphere", as hints of carbon monoxide have been detected. "The only way to get gas of that type into the planet’s upper atmosphere is with strong updrafts," William Balmer, a coauthor of the research at Johns Hopkins University, added. The Webb telescope is a joint effort by NASA, ESA, and the Canadian Space Agency and aims to look into the initial years of the cosmos. It also studies planets and other bodies in our solar system.

Young planet oozing carbon monoxide will soon vanish

Scientists recently peeked into another solar system in the hope&nbsp;of searching for alien technology. They scanned the system for 28 hours&nbsp;using the Allen Telescope Array but failed to locate any. However, they are confident that in the coming years aliens will be caught sending out signals to each other.

The Trappist-1 system has been touted as one of the most promising places to look for alien life. It is a cool red dwarf star located around 40 light years away. Several planets orbit the star and scientists believe that conditions might be ripe for life in them.&nbsp;

After conducting the longest search of the Trappist-1 system, they didn't get the desired results. However, scientists are confident that the work will lead to the detection of alien signals in the future.

The research has been mentioned in a paper that has been accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal. It is currently available online in a preprint, titled ‘A Radio Technosignature Search of TRAPPIST-1 with the Allen Telescope Array’.

During the 28-hour search, they focused on planet-planet occultations, or PPOs, which happen when planets move in front of each other. Scientists were hoping that when this occurs, radio signals were likely being sent between the planets and so thought of capturing them.

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<h2>Did scientists find alien signals?</h2>

They did find some signals, but none that were of non-human origin. Millions of potential signals were traced and 11,000 of them were seen as promising for a detailed analysis. Around 2,264 of those signals happened during PPO windows.

Even though no desired signals were located, scientists are aiming to fine-tune the methods to narrow down the focus area and the timing to find alien life one day.&nbsp;

Nick Tusay, a graduate student research fellow at Penn State University, said that the research shows "we are getting closer to detecting radio signals similar to the ones we send into space".

“Most searches assume some intent, like beacons, because our receivers have a sensitivity limit to a minimum transmitter power beyond anything we unintentionally send out," he added.

He is confident that newer equipment, such as the upcoming Square Kilometre Array (SKA), will be able to "detect signals from an alien civilization communicating with its spacecraft".

Scientists recently peeked into another solar system in the hope of searching for alien technology. They scanned the system for 28 hours using the Allen Telescope Array but failed to locate any.

Scientists recently peeked into another solar system in the hope of searching for alien technology. They scanned the system for 28 hours using the Allen Telescope Array but failed to locate any. However, they are confident that in the coming years aliens will be caught sending out signals to each other. The Trappist-1 system has been touted as one of the most promising places to look for alien life. It is a cool red dwarf star located around 40 light years away. Several planets orbit the star and scientists believe that conditions might be ripe for life in them. After conducting the longest search of the Trappist-1 system, they didn't get the desired results. However, scientists are confident that the work will lead to the detection of alien signals in the future. The research has been mentioned in a paper that has been accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal. It is currently available online in a preprint, titled ‘A Radio Technosignature Search of TRAPPIST-1 with the Allen Telescope Array’. During the 28-hour search, they focused on planet-planet occultations, or PPOs, which happen when planets move in front of each other. Scientists were hoping that when this occurs, radio signals were likely being sent between the planets and so thought of capturing them. Also Read: Extremely young planet with hints of carbon monoxide will soon vanish Did scientists find alien signals? They did find some signals, but none that were of non-human origin. Millions of potential signals were traced and 11,000 of them were seen as promising for a detailed analysis. Around 2,264 of those signals happened during PPO windows. Even though no desired signals were located, scientists are aiming to fine-tune the methods to narrow down the focus area and the timing to find alien life one day. Nick Tusay, a graduate student research fellow at Penn State University, said that the research shows "we are getting closer to detecting radio signals similar to the ones we send into space". “Most searches assume some intent, like beacons, because our receivers have a sensitivity limit to a minimum transmitter power beyond anything we unintentionally send out," he added. He is confident that newer equipment, such as the upcoming Square Kilometre Array (SKA), will be able to "detect signals from an alien civilization communicating with its spacecraft".

Scientists scan star system potentially hosting alien life

Experts have long warned against smoking, stating that it is a major health hazard. Now a team of archaeologists has revealed that tobacco can stay in the bones of smokers for centuries after their death.

The finding was made by the researchers from the University of Leicester. They examined human remains buried in Britain between the 12th and 19th centuries and noticed that tobacco had a profound impact on their bones. They also found that it was linked to bone-related conditions, such as an increased risk of fractures.

The study, published in Science Advances, noted that the introduction of tobacco in Western Europe 500 years ago caused significant changes in human skeletal structure.

Scientists have long relied on dental evidence to identify whether a person was a smoker or a non-smoker. However, when teeth were missing the method became ineffective.

In the new study, the researchers examined 323 cortical bones, the dense outer layer that gives bones their strength, of those known to be tobacco users and others whose smoking histories were not known.

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They analysed the molecular composition of the bones and found 45 distinct molecular features that were different in the bones of smokers and non-smokers.

<h2>Tobacco leaves lasting impression on bones</h2>

A co-author of the study, Dr Sarah Inskip, said, "Our research shows significant differences in the molecular features of bones from past tobacco users and non-users. This finding indicates that tobacco use impacts the structure of our skeletons."

“Tobacco consumption leaves a metabolic record in human bone distinctive enough to identify its use in individuals of unknown tobacco consumption," the authors state in the study.

They stress that "archaeological human skeletal remains" can offer "direct evidence" to study past "pathological and health conditions, including diseases associated with tobacco use."

The researchers say they are now trying to understand how these differences emerge. This can help experts learn how tobacco use is a "risk factor for certain musculoskeletal and dental disorders."

Smoking is known to increase the risk of certain cancers, along with stroke and heart disease. When it comes to bone-related conditions, it can cause low bone density, an increased risk of fractures, and periodontitis.

Experts have long warned against smoking, stating that it is a major health hazard. Now a team of archaeologists has revealed that tobacco can stay in the bones of smokers for centuries after their death.

Experts have long warned against smoking, stating that it is a major health hazard. Now a team of archaeologists has revealed that tobacco can stay in the bones of smokers for centuries after their death. The finding was made by the researchers from the University of Leicester. They examined human remains buried in Britain between the 12th and 19th centuries and noticed that tobacco had a profound impact on their bones. They also found that it was linked to bone-related conditions, such as an increased risk of fractures. The study, published in Science Advances, noted that the introduction of tobacco in Western Europe 500 years ago caused significant changes in human skeletal structure. Scientists have long relied on dental evidence to identify whether a person was a smoker or a non-smoker. However, when teeth were missing the method became ineffective. In the new study, the researchers examined 323 cortical bones, the dense outer layer that gives bones their strength, of those known to be tobacco users and others whose smoking histories were not known. Also Read: Standing desks were once touted as beneficial for health. New study says they could add to problems They analysed the molecular composition of the bones and found 45 distinct molecular features that were different in the bones of smokers and non-smokers. Tobacco leaves lasting impression on bones A co-author of the study, Dr Sarah Inskip, said, "Our research shows significant differences in the molecular features of bones from past tobacco users and non-users. This finding indicates that tobacco use impacts the structure of our skeletons." “Tobacco consumption leaves a metabolic record in human bone distinctive enough to identify its use in individuals of unknown tobacco consumption," the authors state in the study. They stress that "archaeological human skeletal remains" can offer "direct evidence" to study past "pathological and health conditions, including diseases associated with tobacco use." The researchers say they are now trying to understand how these differences emerge. This can help experts learn how tobacco use is a "risk factor for certain musculoskeletal and dental disorders." Smoking is known to increase the risk of certain cancers, along with stroke and heart disease. When it comes to bone-related conditions, it can cause low bone density, an increased risk of fractures, and periodontitis.

Tobacco can permanently alter human skeleton, leave imprints for centuries after death

Life on Mars may thrive under the frozen water on the planet's surface, according to a new NASA study. It proposes that microbes could find a potential home under the ice, similar to what has been observed on Earth.

The study authors used computer modelling to show that photosynthesis is possible in shallow pools of meltwater under the surface of the ice based on the amount of sunlight that can shine through it.

On Earth, pools of water within ice have been found to harbour algae, fungi, and microscopic cyanobacteria, and photosynthesis powers all of them.

Lead author of the study, Aditya Khuller of NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Southern California, says that "Martian ice exposures are probably one of the most accessible places we should be looking" for life in the universe today.

The paper has been published in Communications Earth &amp; Environment.

Mars has two types of ice - frozen water and frozen carbon dioxide. The team studied water ice which formed during a series of Martian ice ages in the past million years. Snow mixed with dust fell onto the surface and later solidified into ice, still carrying specks of dust.

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The researchers say that dust particles are key to explaining how subsurface pools of water could form within ice when exposed to the sun. The darker portions of dust absorb more sunlight which causes the ice to warm up and melt up to a few feet below the surface.

However, several scientists studying Mars do not believe that ice can melt on Mars because of the planet's thin, dry atmosphere. Ice is believed to directly turn into gas on the Martian surface. But this is not likely true for the region below the dusty snowpack or glacier.

<h2>Life can thrive inside&nbsp;pockets of meltwater</h2>

Dust within ice on Earth creates small cavities when windblown dust lands there. They absorb sunlight and melt farther into the ice. Once far enough from the sun's rays, they stop sinking. There is still enough warmth to create a pocket of meltwater around them. These pockets can nourish a thriving ecosystem for simple lifeforms.

"This is a common phenomenon on Earth," said co-author Phil Christensen of Arizona State University in Tempe.

"Dense snow and ice can melt from the inside out, letting in sunlight that warms it like a greenhouse, rather than melting from the top down."

The new paper suggests that on Mars, dusty ice lets in enough light for photosynthesis to occur as deep as nine feet below the surface. The upper layers of ice act as a shield and prevent the shallow subsurface pools of water from evaporating and also protect them from harmful radiation.

This becomes important because Mars lacks a protective magnetic field to shield it from both the sun and radioactive cosmic ray particles.

Life on Mars may thrive under the frozen water on the planet's surface, according to a new NASA study. It proposes that microbes could find a potential home under the ice, similar to what has been observed on Earth.

Life on Mars may thrive under the frozen water on the planet's surface, according to a new NASA study. It proposes that microbes could find a potential home under the ice, similar to what has been observed on Earth. The study authors used computer modelling to show that photosynthesis is possible in shallow pools of meltwater under the surface of the ice based on the amount of sunlight that can shine through it. On Earth, pools of water within ice have been found to harbour algae, fungi, and microscopic cyanobacteria, and photosynthesis powers all of them. Lead author of the study, Aditya Khuller of NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Southern California, says that "Martian ice exposures are probably one of the most accessible places we should be looking" for life in the universe today. The paper has been published in Communications Earth & Environment. Mars has two types of ice - frozen water and frozen carbon dioxide. The team studied water ice which formed during a series of Martian ice ages in the past million years. Snow mixed with dust fell onto the surface and later solidified into ice, still carrying specks of dust. Also Read: Trip to space for $125K: Space balloon with Richard Branson as co-pilot to launch in 2025 The researchers say that dust particles are key to explaining how subsurface pools of water could form within ice when exposed to the sun. The darker portions of dust absorb more sunlight which causes the ice to warm up and melt up to a few feet below the surface. However, several scientists studying Mars do not believe that ice can melt on Mars because of the planet's thin, dry atmosphere. Ice is believed to directly turn into gas on the Martian surface. But this is not likely true for the region below the dusty snowpack or glacier. Life can thrive inside pockets of meltwater Dust within ice on Earth creates small cavities when windblown dust lands there. They absorb sunlight and melt farther into the ice. Once far enough from the sun's rays, they stop sinking. There is still enough warmth to create a pocket of meltwater around them. These pockets can nourish a thriving ecosystem for simple lifeforms. "This is a common phenomenon on Earth," said co-author Phil Christensen of Arizona State University in Tempe. "Dense snow and ice can melt from the inside out, letting in sunlight that warms it like a greenhouse, rather than melting from the top down." The new paper suggests that on Mars, dusty ice lets in enough light for photosynthesis to occur as deep as nine feet below the surface. The upper layers of ice act as a shield and prevent the shallow subsurface pools of water from evaporating and also protect them from harmful radiation. This becomes important because Mars lacks a protective magnetic field to shield it from both the sun and radioactive cosmic ray particles.

Life might thrive under frozen water on Mars, study says

Sir Richard Branson is set to travel to space once again after becoming the first billionaire to reach space in 2021. The businessman will co-pilot the world's first commercial stratospheric balloon flight.&nbsp;

Branson will be sitting inside a pressurised capsule which will be towed by a balloon 20 miles up into the sky. The Virgin co-founder earlier travelled to the edge of Earth's atmosphere on board a Virgin Galactic spacecraft three years back.

Space Perspective's maiden voyage is expected to happen in 2025, although a specific date hasn't been set yet. He will be one of three pilots on board the space balloon. Company co-founders Jane Poynter and Taber MacCallum will be the other two pilots.

Branson has undertaken balloon journeys as well. He broke two ballooning world records when he crossed the Atlantic Ocean in 1987 and the Pacific Ocean in 1991.

"Some of the most magnificent experiences of my life have happened on ballooning expeditions and I'm excited to support Space Perspective in its journey," he said.&nbsp;

<h2>How does the space balloon work?</h2>

The space balloon will carry the Spaceship Neptune capsule into the sky. It is massive and would stand nearly as tall as the Eiffel Tower. At the time of the launch, the balloon will fill up with hydrogen and will lift the capsule. It will move at a speed of roughly 12 miles per hour.&nbsp;

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Upon reaching an altitude of around 20 miles, it will be above the atmosphere, floating in a space at levels a commercial balloon flight has never reached.&nbsp;

An uncrewed test flight of the same was successfully carried out at the same flight trajectory and altitude in September.&nbsp;

Space Perspective has confirmed that the flight will take place in 2025. Branson is an investor in the company which it says will help accelerate its development and test flight programme.

<h2>Luxurious space trip at $125,000 seat apiece</h2>

The capsule can seat eight passengers, with each spot costing $125,000. One will also be given food and drinks, and high-speed WIFI along with being treated to fascinating views of Earth.&nbsp;

Space Perspective said that the trip will last a total of six hours, of which passengers will get two hours to watch "the total blackness of space, and the thin blue line of our atmosphere" while hanging out in the stratosphere.

The other four hours will be for the Neptune capsule to reach its maximum height and then descend back to the ground.

Space Perspective says that more than 1,800 reservations have already been made.

Sir Richard Branson is set to travel to space once again after becoming the first billionaire to reach space in 2021. The businessman will co-pilot the world's first commercial stratospheric balloon flight.

Sir Richard Branson is set to travel to space once again after becoming the first billionaire to reach space in 2021. The businessman will co-pilot the world's first commercial stratospheric balloon flight. Branson will be sitting inside a pressurised capsule which will be towed by a balloon 20 miles up into the sky. The Virgin co-founder earlier travelled to the edge of Earth's atmosphere on board a Virgin Galactic spacecraft three years back. Space Perspective's maiden voyage is expected to happen in 2025, although a specific date hasn't been set yet. He will be one of three pilots on board the space balloon. Company co-founders Jane Poynter and Taber MacCallum will be the other two pilots. Branson has undertaken balloon journeys as well. He broke two ballooning world records when he crossed the Atlantic Ocean in 1987 and the Pacific Ocean in 1991. "Some of the most magnificent experiences of my life have happened on ballooning expeditions and I'm excited to support Space Perspective in its journey," he said. How does the space balloon work? The space balloon will carry the Spaceship Neptune capsule into the sky. It is massive and would stand nearly as tall as the Eiffel Tower. At the time of the launch, the balloon will fill up with hydrogen and will lift the capsule. It will move at a speed of roughly 12 miles per hour. Also Read: Scientists scan star system potentially hosting alien life Upon reaching an altitude of around 20 miles, it will be above the atmosphere, floating in a space at levels a commercial balloon flight has never reached. An uncrewed test flight of the same was successfully carried out at the same flight trajectory and altitude in September. Space Perspective has confirmed that the flight will take place in 2025. Branson is an investor in the company which it says will help accelerate its development and test flight programme. Luxurious space trip at $125,000 seat apiece The capsule can seat eight passengers, with each spot costing $125,000. One will also be given food and drinks, and high-speed WIFI along with being treated to fascinating views of Earth. Space Perspective said that the trip will last a total of six hours, of which passengers will get two hours to watch "the total blackness of space, and the thin blue line of our atmosphere" while hanging out in the stratosphere. The other four hours will be for the Neptune capsule to reach its maximum height and then descend back to the ground. Space Perspective says that more than 1,800 reservations have already been made.

Trip to space for $125K: Space balloon with Richard Branson as co-pilot to launch in 2025

Tasmanian tiger, a marsupial apex predator, went extinct nearly a century ago. Now, scientists are closer than ever to reviving the animal through genome sequencing in a process similar to the fictional revival of dinosaurs in Jurassic Park.

The carnivore's genome has been reconstructed with 99.9% accuracy, the&nbsp;latest breakthrough in the years-long 'de-extinction' project.&nbsp;

There are only 45 gaps left to fill in the genome sequencing, which was made possible from a chance discovery of a head of the animal pickled in a jar in Australia some 110 years ago.

Watch: Gravitas: Scientists extract RNA from extinct Tasmanian tiger

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Behind this mammoth task (pardon the pun) is Colossal Biosciences, a Texas-based firm that is also in the process of reviving the woolly mammoth and the dodo, a flightless bird that also went extinct over a century ago.

<h2>What happened to tasmanian tiger? An icon of extinction</h2>

The Tasmanian tiger or thylacine roamed the forests of Tasmania in Australia from where it takes its name.

Once a critical link in the ecosystem of Tasmania,&nbsp;they officially went extinct in 1936 after the last animal died at&nbsp;Beaumaris Zoo in Tasmania's Hobart.

Colossal teased that a major update is coming soon on the revival of the animal,&nbsp;whose scientific name is Thylacinus cynocephalus,

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At <a href="https://twitter.com/sxswsydney?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">@sxswsydney</a> with <a href="https://twitter.com/AJ_Pask?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">@AJ_Pask</a>, and <a href="https://twitter.com/Hemsdog?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">@Hemsdog</a> sharing an update on our thylacine de-extinction project 🐅 
 
When an apex predator goes extinct, it has a cascading effect on the ecosystem. Prey populations go unchecked, diseases run rampant, plant life suffers—everything is thrown… <a href="https://t.co/ob8tP0A5lN">pic.twitter.com/ob8tP0A5lN</a>
— Colossal Biosciences® (@colossal) <a href="https://twitter.com/colossal/status/1847044711070003532?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">October 17, 2024</a></blockquote>
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<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/did-woolly-mammoth-go-extinct-because-of-a-blocked-nose-study-says-they-did-764159">Also read: Did woolly mammoth go extinct because of a blocked nose? Study says they did</a>

<h2>A miracle in the making: How a head pickled in a jar could bring back extinct Tasmanian tiger </h2>

The Tasmanian tiger head recovered from the jar in Australia still had RNA molecules, which is crucial for rebuilding the genome. Using samples from the head, most of the DNA of the animal has been sequenced along with strands of RNA.

It was nothing short of a miracle, according to scientists involved in the project who spoke to media.

<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/in-jurassic-park-style-extinct-dodo-to-be-revived-scientists-say-667977">Also read: In 'Jurassic Park' style, extinct flightless bird dodo to be revived. Scientists say...</a> 
 
“This was the miracle that happened with this specimen. It blew my mind,” said&nbsp;Prof Andrew Pask, the head of the thylacine integrated genetic restoration research or Tigrr lab at the University of Melbourne.

“It was literally a head in a bucket of ethanol in the back of a cupboard that had just been dumped there with all the skin removed, and been sitting there for about 110 years,” The Guardian quoted Pask as saying. “It was pretty putrid, a completely gruesome sight. People had chopped large chunks off it.”&nbsp;

<h2>Genome sequencing: A method of 'de-extinction' of the world's lost species?</h2>

“You absolutely can get a phenomenal genome from old samples,” Pesk told LiveScience.

DNA is the genetic material that is the fundamental building block of life. A genome is a full set of DNA that gives the unique charecteristsic to each organism. Genome contains the chemical information for development, growth and functioning of living beings. 
 
As Pesk puts it, genomes provide 'the full blueprint for de-extincting this species'.

Getting the complete genome sequencing at very high quality is a huge help to the efforts to revive extinct species, he said.

(With inputs from agencies) 
&nbsp;

Tasmanian tiger, a marsupial apex predator, went extinct nearly a century ago. Now, scientists are closer than ever to reviving the animal through genome sequencing in a process similar to the fictional revival of dinosaurs in Jurassic Park.

Tasmanian tiger, a marsupial apex predator, went extinct nearly a century ago. Now, scientists are closer than ever to reviving the animal through genome sequencing in a process similar to the fictional revival of dinosaurs in Jurassic Park. The carnivore's genome has been reconstructed with 99.9% accuracy, the latest breakthrough in the years-long 'de-extinction' project. There are only 45 gaps left to fill in the genome sequencing, which was made possible from a chance discovery of a head of the animal pickled in a jar in Australia some 110 years ago. Watch: Gravitas: Scientists extract RNA from extinct Tasmanian tiger × Behind this mammoth task (pardon the pun) is Colossal Biosciences, a Texas-based firm that is also in the process of reviving the woolly mammoth and the dodo, a flightless bird that also went extinct over a century ago. What happened to tasmanian tiger? An icon of extinction The Tasmanian tiger or thylacine roamed the forests of Tasmania in Australia from where it takes its name. Once a critical link in the ecosystem of Tasmania, they officially went extinct in 1936 after the last animal died at Beaumaris Zoo in Tasmania's Hobart. Colossal teased that a major update is coming soon on the revival of the animal, whose scientific name is Thylacinus cynocephalus, At @sxswsydney with @AJ_Pask, and @Hemsdog sharing an update on our thylacine de-extinction project 🐅 When an apex predator goes extinct, it has a cascading effect on the ecosystem. Prey populations go unchecked, diseases run rampant, plant life suffers—everything is thrown… pic.twitter.com/ob8tP0A5lN — Colossal Biosciences® (@colossal) October 17, 2024 × Also read: Did woolly mammoth go extinct because of a blocked nose? Study says they did A miracle in the making: How a head pickled in a jar could bring back extinct Tasmanian tiger The Tasmanian tiger head recovered from the jar in Australia still had RNA molecules, which is crucial for rebuilding the genome. Using samples from the head, most of the DNA of the animal has been sequenced along with strands of RNA. It was nothing short of a miracle, according to scientists involved in the project who spoke to media. Also read: In 'Jurassic Park' style, extinct flightless bird dodo to be revived. Scientists say... “This was the miracle that happened with this specimen. It blew my mind,” said Prof Andrew Pask, the head of the thylacine integrated genetic restoration research or Tigrr lab at the University of Melbourne. “It was literally a head in a bucket of ethanol in the back of a cupboard that had just been dumped there with all the skin removed, and been sitting there for about 110 years,” The Guardian quoted Pask as saying. “It was pretty putrid, a completely gruesome sight. People had chopped large chunks off it.” Genome sequencing: A method of 'de-extinction' of the world's lost species? “You absolutely can get a phenomenal genome from old samples,” Pesk told LiveScience. DNA is the genetic material that is the fundamental building block of life. A genome is a full set of DNA that gives the unique charecteristsic to each organism. Genome contains the chemical information for development, growth and functioning of living beings. As Pesk puts it, genomes provide 'the full blueprint for de-extincting this species'. Getting the complete genome sequencing at very high quality is a huge help to the efforts to revive extinct species, he said. (With inputs from agencies)

Tasmanian tiger that went extinct may come back soon, thanks to a head in a bucket of ethanol

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