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Radhesh was just like any other bubbly three-year-old kid, enjoying his time playing with his parents and siblings. He even enjoyed an occasional game of cricket, with his plastic cricket set inside the confines of his parents’ Chennai home.&nbsp;

But things were never the same for the little boy after he had what seemed like an ordinary fever in the second week of April. On consulting the doctors at Chennai’s Apollo Hospital, he was diagnosed with Fulminant Liver Failure which is otherwise known as sudden Catastrophic Liver Failure. However, the boy did not have a history of disease or illness and was completely healthy until the fever began to deteriorate his condition.

His condition was on a downward spiral within 24 hours of being hospitalized. His father, Varadharaj told WION, ‘from a state of unconsciousness he went into a state of coma within two days and he remained in a coma for over a week. Doctors suggested that we go for a Liver transplant as that had been the life-saver in earlier cases.’

Liver failure is a condition that also impacts critical functions of the body said Dr Suchitra Ranjt, Chief of Pediatric ICU at Apollo Hospitals. It has detrimental effects on many organs and functions including the brain, kidney, blood circulation, clotting, she added. These conditions could also further lead to haemorrhage in the brain or lungs.
<img alt="Radesh" data-align="center" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="fdc20d60-b6ad-4fc1-bf54-fd9e38da29bb" src="//cdn.wionews.com/sites/default/files/inline-images/Treatment%20and%20recovery%20pics%201.png" />
While the doctors were making all necessary arrangements for a super-urgent cadaveric liver transplant, the boy was put on ICU Liver support therapy that serves as a bridge to support life until a liver transplant is completed. But it turned out that no donor was suitable.&nbsp;

Dr Suchitra Ranjit said, “We placed him on complete life-support by utilizing the same high-end technology that is available in the best liver-units across the world. He was ventilated, placed on chemically-induced coma, and provided Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy (an advanced form of dialysis) and a daily dose of plasma-exchange (blood purification therapy, in addition to continuous brain monitoring and circulatory support.”

Miraculously, six days after his hospitalization the boy’s liver showed tiny signs of recovery and there was a marked decrease in the swellings in the brain and kidney. Around 9 days after his admission into the ICU, he was removed from the ventilator and was taken off life-support technology.

Speaking of the boy’s recovery Dr Suchitra said, over the course of 20 years we have seen 40-45 children with liver and multiple-organ failure, none of them had survived without a liver transplant. But for Radhesh, his liver gradually recovered and he didn’t require a transplant, which is the best possible scenario to survive.&nbsp;

Having little Radhesh seated on his lap, his father Varadharajan told WION that their family can’t be more delighted as the boy recovered without any surgical intervention, without even a knife scar on his body. While the kid is completely alright, he has been advised to rest at home, following which he can begin his schooling just like any other of his peer.&nbsp;

While the cause of Liver failure was not ascertained, the team of Doctors who treated and monitored the little boy said that there are over 100 possible causes. Of which only about 20 could be diagnosed via tests. They added that paracetamol overdose is one of the most common causes of Liver failure, but it had a higher chance of recovery. The efforts of the Doctors were also augmented by inputs from the Director of the King’s College in London, that has done the highest number of liver transplants for adults and kids.

Radhesh was just like any other bubbly three-year-old kid, enjoying his time playing with his parents and siblings. He even enjoyed an occasional game of cricket, with his plastic cricket set inside the confines of his parents’ Chennai home.

Radhesh was just like any other bubbly three-year-old kid, enjoying his time playing with his parents and siblings. He even enjoyed an occasional game of cricket, with his plastic cricket set inside the confines of his parents’ Chennai home. But things were never the same for the little boy after he had what seemed like an ordinary fever in the second week of April. On consulting the doctors at Chennai’s Apollo Hospital, he was diagnosed with Fulminant Liver Failure which is otherwise known as sudden Catastrophic Liver Failure. However, the boy did not have a history of disease or illness and was completely healthy until the fever began to deteriorate his condition. His condition was on a downward spiral within 24 hours of being hospitalized. His father, Varadharaj told WION, ‘from a state of unconsciousness he went into a state of coma within two days and he remained in a coma for over a week. Doctors suggested that we go for a Liver transplant as that had been the life-saver in earlier cases.’ Liver failure is a condition that also impacts critical functions of the body said Dr Suchitra Ranjt, Chief of Pediatric ICU at Apollo Hospitals. It has detrimental effects on many organs and functions including the brain, kidney, blood circulation, clotting, she added. These conditions could also further lead to haemorrhage in the brain or lungs. While the doctors were making all necessary arrangements for a super-urgent cadaveric liver transplant, the boy was put on ICU Liver support therapy that serves as a bridge to support life until a liver transplant is completed. But it turned out that no donor was suitable. Dr Suchitra Ranjit said, “We placed him on complete life-support by utilizing the same high-end technology that is available in the best liver-units across the world. He was ventilated, placed on chemically-induced coma, and provided Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy (an advanced form of dialysis) and a daily dose of plasma-exchange (blood purification therapy, in addition to continuous brain monitoring and circulatory support.” Miraculously, six days after his hospitalization the boy’s liver showed tiny signs of recovery and there was a marked decrease in the swellings in the brain and kidney. Around 9 days after his admission into the ICU, he was removed from the ventilator and was taken off life-support technology. Speaking of the boy’s recovery Dr Suchitra said, over the course of 20 years we have seen 40-45 children with liver and multiple-organ failure, none of them had survived without a liver transplant. But for Radhesh, his liver gradually recovered and he didn’t require a transplant, which is the best possible scenario to survive. Having little Radhesh seated on his lap, his father Varadharajan told WION that their family can’t be more delighted as the boy recovered without any surgical intervention, without even a knife scar on his body. While the kid is completely alright, he has been advised to rest at home, following which he can begin his schooling just like any other of his peer. While the cause of Liver failure was not ascertained, the team of Doctors who treated and monitored the little boy said that there are over 100 possible causes. Of which only about 20 could be diagnosed via tests. They added that paracetamol overdose is one of the most common causes of Liver failure, but it had a higher chance of recovery. The efforts of the Doctors were also augmented by inputs from the Director of the King’s College in London, that has done the highest number of liver transplants for adults and kids.

How modern medical technology and miracles saved Chennai's 3-year old liver failure patient

<a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/us-sending-carrier-bombers-to-mideast-is-psychological-warfare-iran-216721">US sending carrier, bombers to Mideast is 'psychological warfare': Iran</a>

Iran's top security body dismissed as "psychological warfare" a US announcement that a carrier strike group and bombers are being sent to the Middle East as a message to Tehran, the semi-official Tasnim news agency reported on Tuesday.

<a href="https://www.wionews.com/americas/donald-trump-xi-jinping-and-trade-a-high-stakes-game-of-chicken-216697">Donald Trump, Xi Jinping and trade: A high-stakes game of chicken</a>

What happens when the planet's two biggest economies play a high-stakes game of chicken?

The world may be about to find out, with President Donald Trump and his Chinese counterpart Xi Jinping both holding favourable enough economic hands to make it hard to predict who blinks first, analysts said.

<a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/chinas-top-trade-negotiator-to-visit-us-despite-tariffs-216689">China's top trade negotiator to visit US despite tariffs</a>

China said Tuesday its top trade negotiator will visit the United States for talks with American counterparts this week even as Washington stepped up pressure with plans to hike tariffs and complaints that Beijing was backtracking on its commitments.

<a href="https://www.wionews.com/india-news/icse-isc-exam-results-declared-two-students-score-100-marks-216725">ICSE, ISC exam results declared, two students score 100% marks</a>

Girls outshone boys in the ICSE Class 10 and 12 examinations, with two students scoring 100 per cent marks.

This is the first time that students have scored 100 per cent marks in the ISC exam.

<a href="https://www.wionews.com/south-asia/sri-lanka-says-jihadi-threat-persists-despite-arrests-216736">Sri Lanka says jihadi threat persists despite arrests</a>

Sri Lankan authorities have arrested or killed all the jihadists responsible for Easter suicide bombings, but the island still faces the threat of "global terrorism," the prime minister said Tuesday.

US sending carrier, bombers to Mideast is 'psychological warfare': Iran Iran's top security body dismissed as "psychological warfare" a US announcement that a carrier strike group and bombers are being sent to the Middle East as a message to Tehran, the semi-official Tasnim news agency reported on Tuesday.

US sending carrier, bombers to Mideast is 'psychological warfare': Iran Iran's top security body dismissed as "psychological warfare" a US announcement that a carrier strike group and bombers are being sent to the Middle East as a message to Tehran, the semi-official Tasnim news agency reported on Tuesday. Donald Trump, Xi Jinping and trade: A high-stakes game of chicken What happens when the planet's two biggest economies play a high-stakes game of chicken? The world may be about to find out, with President Donald Trump and his Chinese counterpart Xi Jinping both holding favourable enough economic hands to make it hard to predict who blinks first, analysts said. China's top trade negotiator to visit US despite tariffs China said Tuesday its top trade negotiator will visit the United States for talks with American counterparts this week even as Washington stepped up pressure with plans to hike tariffs and complaints that Beijing was backtracking on its commitments. ICSE, ISC exam results declared, two students score 100% marks Girls outshone boys in the ICSE Class 10 and 12 examinations, with two students scoring 100 per cent marks. This is the first time that students have scored 100 per cent marks in the ISC exam. Sri Lanka says jihadi threat persists despite arrests Sri Lankan authorities have arrested or killed all the jihadists responsible for Easter suicide bombings, but the island still faces the threat of "global terrorism," the prime minister said Tuesday.

News brief: Big stories of the day

Bengaluru (also called Bangalore) is the capital of India's southern Karnataka state. The center of India's high-tech industry, the city is also known for its parks and nightlife.

Use of Air Purifiers at 200 junctions to clean Bengaluru's air starts

Girls outshone boys in the ICSE Class 10 and 12 examinations, with two students scoring 100 per cent marks.

This is the first time that students have scored 100 per cent marks in the ISC exam.

The results of the ICSE class 10 and ISC class 12 were announced on Tuesday by Council for the Indian School Certificate Examinations (CISCE) chief executive and secretary Gerry Arathoon.

While girls achieved a pass percentage of 99.05 per cent in class 10 examination as against 98.12 per cent by boys, the pass percentage achieved by girls in class 12 examination is 97.84 per cent as against 95.40 per cent of boys.

Mumbai's Juhi Rupesh Kajaria and Muktsar's Manhar Bansal topped the class 10 ISCE examination with 99.60 per cent.&nbsp;

The second rank has been shared by ten students with 99.40 per cent marks and the third rank has been shared by 24 students with 99.20 per cent marks.

Kolkata's Dewang Kumar Agarwal and Bengaluru's Vibha Swaminathan topped the class 12 ISC examination with 100 per cent marks.&nbsp;

The second rank has been shared by 16 students with 99.75 percent and the third rank has been shared by 36 students with 99.50 per cent marks.

Girls outshone boys in the ICSE Class 10 and 12 examinations, with two students scoring 100 per cent marks. This is the first time that students have scored 100 per cent marks in the ISC exam.

Girls outshone boys in the ICSE Class 10 and 12 examinations, with two students scoring 100 per cent marks. This is the first time that students have scored 100 per cent marks in the ISC exam. The results of the ICSE class 10 and ISC class 12 were announced on Tuesday by Council for the Indian School Certificate Examinations (CISCE) chief executive and secretary Gerry Arathoon. While girls achieved a pass percentage of 99.05 per cent in class 10 examination as against 98.12 per cent by boys, the pass percentage achieved by girls in class 12 examination is 97.84 per cent as against 95.40 per cent of boys. Mumbai's Juhi Rupesh Kajaria and Muktsar's Manhar Bansal topped the class 10 ISCE examination with 99.60 per cent. The second rank has been shared by ten students with 99.40 per cent marks and the third rank has been shared by 24 students with 99.20 per cent marks. Kolkata's Dewang Kumar Agarwal and Bengaluru's Vibha Swaminathan topped the class 12 ISC examination with 100 per cent marks. The second rank has been shared by 16 students with 99.75 percent and the third rank has been shared by 36 students with 99.50 per cent marks.

ICSE, ISC exam results declared, two students score 100% marks

The start of the fasting month of Ramadan, the holiest in the Muslim calendar, began on Monday evening in India and will end on June 4.

India celebrates Ramzan

The navies of <a href="https://www.wionews.com/india-news/germany-japan-india-brazil-absolutely-needed-at-unsc-says-french-envoy-at-un-216576">India and France</a> began joint military exercise, 'Varuna' on Monday along the Goa coast.

The exercise will be conducted in two phases. The first phase will be held off Goa from May 7th to May 10th and will include anti-submarine exercises, live firing drills, naval helicopter operations, and basic to advanced-level exercises for carrier-borne fighter aircraft. The second sea phase will take place off Djibouti later in the month, according to the Indian Navy.

Named after sea god, 'Varuna' - the<a href="https://www.wionews.com/india-news/excercise-milan-indias-naval-23-nation-naval-excercise-is-provocative-say-chinese-observerers-34216"> joint Navy exercise</a> between the two countries, first commenced in 1993 and since then has played a key role in strengthening relations of India and France.

"Varuna is stepping up in scope and complexity this year to the highest interoperability level as operations will be conducted in all three dimensions - below, on and above the sea," commander of the French carrier strike group, rear admiral Olivier Lebas, said.

The harbour and sea phases of the exercise are aimed at sharpening skills for naval operations for both sides across the broad spectrum, with increased focus on tactical scenario. Both navies will also send sea riders to each others' ships to foster mutual understanding and interaction.

"Underscoring the shared interest and the commitment of both nations in promoting maritime security, the 2019 edition witnesses the participation of greater numbers and types of naval units from both sides, including ships, submarines, and various aircraft," commander of the Indian Navy, rear admiral Sanjay Jasjit, said.

The navies of India and France began joint military exercise, 'Varuna' on Monday along the Goa coast. The exercise will be conducted in two phases. The first phase will be held off Goa from May 7th to May 10th and will include anti-submarine exercises, live firing drills, naval helicopter operations, and basic to advanced-level exercises for carrier-borne fighter aircraft.

The navies of India and France began joint military exercise, 'Varuna' on Monday along the Goa coast. The exercise will be conducted in two phases. The first phase will be held off Goa from May 7th to May 10th and will include anti-submarine exercises, live firing drills, naval helicopter operations, and basic to advanced-level exercises for carrier-borne fighter aircraft. The second sea phase will take place off Djibouti later in the month, according to the Indian Navy. Named after sea god, 'Varuna' - the joint Navy exercise between the two countries, first commenced in 1993 and since then has played a key role in strengthening relations of India and France. "Varuna is stepping up in scope and complexity this year to the highest interoperability level as operations will be conducted in all three dimensions - below, on and above the sea," commander of the French carrier strike group, rear admiral Olivier Lebas, said. The harbour and sea phases of the exercise are aimed at sharpening skills for naval operations for both sides across the broad spectrum, with increased focus on tactical scenario. Both navies will also send sea riders to each others' ships to foster mutual understanding and interaction. "Underscoring the shared interest and the commitment of both nations in promoting maritime security, the 2019 edition witnesses the participation of greater numbers and types of naval units from both sides, including ships, submarines, and various aircraft," commander of the Indian Navy, rear admiral Sanjay Jasjit, said.

India, France begin joint naval exercise along Goa coast

India and nations like <a href="https://www.wionews.com/india-news/bolivia-supports-indias-bid-for-non-permanent-member-in-un-security-council-206636">Germany, Brazil and Japan</a> are "absolutely needed" as permanent members of a reformed and enlarged UN Security Council to better reflect contemporary realities and the addition of these key members to the UN high-table is among France's "strategic" priorities, the French envoy to the UN has said.

"In terms of policy, <a href="https://www.wionews.com/india-news/france-reiterates-support-for-indias-permanent-seat-in-reformed-un-security-council-201043">France and Germany have</a> a strong policy which is to work together to enlarge the Security Council and to succeed in terms of the negotiations that should lead to the enlargement of the Security Council that we consider absolutely needed to better reflect the world as it is. There is no question about it," France's Permanent Representative to the UN Francois Delattre said.

Speaking alongside German envoy to the UN Christoph Heusgen at the end of Germany's Presidency of the Council for April, Delattre emphasised that France considers that "Germany, Japan, India, Brazil and a fair representation of Africa, in particular, are absolutely needed at the table to get towards a fairer representation of the Security Council. This is for us a matter of priority."

<div class="videoWrapper trancodeVideo"><iframe src="https://www.wionews.com/videos/france-backs-indias-fixed-un-membership-216629/embed" width="560" height="350" style="width:100%;max-width:560px;" class="includeVideo" frameborder="0" autoplay=1 allowfullscreen></iframe></div>

He underlined that Paris believes the enlargement of the Security Council with the addition of a few key members is "one of our strategic priorities."&nbsp;

Noting that when France and Germany launched their alliance for multi-materialism, he said it signifies that the two nations strongly believe in the UN as the core of today's global governance and that they strongly believe in "multilateralism and means that we are actively working to reform and in some respects to refound, reinvent multilateralism so that it is really efficient for the decades to come."

India is at the forefront of efforts at the UN to push for the long-pending reform of the Security Council, emphasising that it rightly deserves a place at the UN high table as a permanent member.&nbsp;

India's Permanent Representative to the UN Ambassador Syed Akbaruddin, speaking at the informal meeting of the Plenary on the Intergovernmental negotiations on the question of equitable representation and increase in the membership of the Security Council earlier this year, had said that on the issue of 'Categories of Membership', a total of 113 Member States, out of 122 who submitted their positions in the Framework Document, support expansion in both of the existing categories specified in the Charter. 
&nbsp; 
"In short, more than 90 per cent of the written submissions in the document are in favour of expansion in both categories of membership specified in the Charter," he had said.

Akbaruddin had said that while reform at the UN is a process rather than an event, "there is no process known to us here that has traversed winding pathways in the manner as this process of the Reform of the Security Council."

"In terms of inertia too, it has no peer. While the world is not what it was when we began the process, the objections to moving forward remain the same. While the global challenges of the 21st century have multiplied, we remain divided even about the process to adopt in order to move forward," he had said.&nbsp;

France has maintained that if the crises of recent times have confirmed the centrality of the UN, they have also reinforced the need to make the organisation more effective and more representative of the current balances in the world.&nbsp;

"That is why France pushes for the expansion of the Security Council by supporting the accession to a permanent seat of Germany, Brazil, India, Japan, as well as a greater presence of African countries," according to the Permanent Mission of France.

India and nations like Germany, Brazil and Japan are "absolutely needed" as permanent members of a reformed and enlarged UN Security Council to better reflect contemporary realities and the addition of these key members to the UN high-table is among France's "strategic" priorities, the French envoy to the UN has said.

India and nations like Germany, Brazil and Japan are "absolutely needed" as permanent members of a reformed and enlarged UN Security Council to better reflect contemporary realities and the addition of these key members to the UN high-table is among France's "strategic" priorities, the French envoy to the UN has said. "In terms of policy, France and Germany have a strong policy which is to work together to enlarge the Security Council and to succeed in terms of the negotiations that should lead to the enlargement of the Security Council that we consider absolutely needed to better reflect the world as it is. There is no question about it," France's Permanent Representative to the UN Francois Delattre said. Speaking alongside German envoy to the UN Christoph Heusgen at the end of Germany's Presidency of the Council for April, Delattre emphasised that France considers that "Germany, Japan, India, Brazil and a fair representation of Africa, in particular, are absolutely needed at the table to get towards a fairer representation of the Security Council. This is for us a matter of priority." He underlined that Paris believes the enlargement of the Security Council with the addition of a few key members is "one of our strategic priorities." Noting that when France and Germany launched their alliance for multi-materialism, he said it signifies that the two nations strongly believe in the UN as the core of today's global governance and that they strongly believe in "multilateralism and means that we are actively working to reform and in some respects to refound, reinvent multilateralism so that it is really efficient for the decades to come." India is at the forefront of efforts at the UN to push for the long-pending reform of the Security Council, emphasising that it rightly deserves a place at the UN high table as a permanent member. India's Permanent Representative to the UN Ambassador Syed Akbaruddin, speaking at the informal meeting of the Plenary on the Intergovernmental negotiations on the question of equitable representation and increase in the membership of the Security Council earlier this year, had said that on the issue of 'Categories of Membership', a total of 113 Member States, out of 122 who submitted their positions in the Framework Document, support expansion in both of the existing categories specified in the Charter. "In short, more than 90 per cent of the written submissions in the document are in favour of expansion in both categories of membership specified in the Charter," he had said. Akbaruddin had said that while reform at the UN is a process rather than an event, "there is no process known to us here that has traversed winding pathways in the manner as this process of the Reform of the Security Council." "In terms of inertia too, it has no peer. While the world is not what it was when we began the process, the objections to moving forward remain the same. While the global challenges of the 21st century have multiplied, we remain divided even about the process to adopt in order to move forward," he had said. France has maintained that if the crises of recent times have confirmed the centrality of the UN, they have also reinforced the need to make the organisation more effective and more representative of the current balances in the world. "That is why France pushes for the expansion of the Security Council by supporting the accession to a permanent seat of Germany, Brazil, India, Japan, as well as a greater presence of African countries," according to the Permanent Mission of France.

Germany, Japan, India, Brazil absolutely needed at UNSC, says French envoy at UN

Bharatiya Janata Party leaders including state general secretary Ashok Koul held a protest in Jammu and Kashmir against the security concerns of political activists in the state whose security has been withdrawn.&nbsp;

Koul along with several party leaders and activists raised slogans with plea cards reading “provide security to BJP workers in Kashmir.”&nbsp;

The state general secretary has also written a letter to the ADGP security, law and order asking him to withdraw his security with immediate effect in protest against the removal of security to several BJP activists.&nbsp;

He says the security of Gul Mohammad Mir, the BJP vice president in Anantnag district of south Kashmir, was withdrawn which resulted in his killing.

“Security of Gul was withdrawn by the administration following which he became a target and after his killing some cops were sent to his home to guard who? I’ve asked DG police to send these cops to the grave of Gul now,” angry Kaul said.&nbsp;

However, on being asked about the role of the central government in giving directions for the withdrawal, he said the list was prepared by the administration in the state and needs to be revisited.

BJP leaders say that they are now under threat from terrorists. Koul also left his bulletproof Scorpio car provided by the administration at the city centre and hired an auto to move back.&nbsp;

Security of several separatists and political activities was withdrawn following directions from the centre after Pulwama suicide attack. The list included people from BJP, National Conference, PDP and other parties. All the parties had warned the administration of killings of their activists earlier.&nbsp;&nbsp;

Bharatiya Janata Party leaders including state general secretary Ashok Koul held a protest in Jammu and Kashmir against the security concerns of political activists in the state whose security has been withdrawn.

Bharatiya Janata Party leaders including state general secretary Ashok Koul held a protest in Jammu and Kashmir against the security concerns of political activists in the state whose security has been withdrawn. Koul along with several party leaders and activists raised slogans with plea cards reading “provide security to BJP workers in Kashmir.” The state general secretary has also written a letter to the ADGP security, law and order asking him to withdraw his security with immediate effect in protest against the removal of security to several BJP activists. He says the security of Gul Mohammad Mir, the BJP vice president in Anantnag district of south Kashmir, was withdrawn which resulted in his killing. “Security of Gul was withdrawn by the administration following which he became a target and after his killing some cops were sent to his home to guard who? I’ve asked DG police to send these cops to the grave of Gul now,” angry Kaul said. However, on being asked about the role of the central government in giving directions for the withdrawal, he said the list was prepared by the administration in the state and needs to be revisited. BJP leaders say that they are now under threat from terrorists. Koul also left his bulletproof Scorpio car provided by the administration at the city centre and hired an auto to move back. Security of several separatists and political activities was withdrawn following directions from the centre after Pulwama suicide attack. The list included people from BJP, National Conference, PDP and other parties. All the parties had warned the administration of killings of their activists earlier.

J&K: BJP leaders protest against killing of activist, ask administration to revisit security withdrawal list

The Supreme Court Monday said it was "little perplexed" over the separate listing, contrary to its order, of the<a href="https://www.wionews.com/india-general-elections-2019/rafale-deal-supreme-court-to-hear-review-petition-contempt-plea-against-rahul-gandhi-on-may-10-216412"> pleas seeking review of its verdict in Rafale case </a>and the contempt plea against Congress president Rahul Gandhi for wrongly attributing to the apex court his "chokidar chor hai" remark against Prime Minister Narendra Modi.

A special bench headed by Chief Justice Ranjan Gogoi said it had made it clear earlier that both the matters would be heard together but despite that, the contempt petition was not listed for hearing along with the review pleas on Monday.

The bench, also comprising Justices S K Kaul and K M Joseph, was told that the contempt petition against Gandhi was listed for hearing on May 10.

"We are little perplexed that the two cases are listed on two different dates when the order was that these matters will be heard together," the bench observed.

"This is the problem. There was order for listing both the matters together. We had dictated the order in an open court but it says one case on May 6 and other on May 10. How can this be done?," it said.

After a brief hearing, the bench ordered that the review pleas and contempt petition against Gandhi be listed together for hearing on May 10.

"The present matters and contempt petition (criminal)... Be listed together on May 10 at 2.00 PM," the bench said.

"We make it clear that the hearing scheduled for May 10 would be taken up and parties shall make an endeavour to complete the same on the said date. Rejoinder to the replies of Union of India may be filed, in the meantime," the bench said in its order.

At the outset, advocate Prashant Bhushan, who is one of the petitioners in the case along with former Union ministers Yashwant Sinha and Arun Shourie, told the bench that there were three pleas before the court.

Bhushan said besides the review plea, there were two other applications -- one seeking perjury action against unknown government servants for allegedly misleading the court during the Rafale case hearing earlier and the other for production of certain documents.

Bhushan said he would argue on the review plea and application for production of certain documents&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;and the court should allow Shourie to argue on the perjury application.

"Where is the connected matter of contempt?," the bench asked.

Senior advocate Vikas Singh, appearing for one of the petitioner lawyers, Vineet Dhandha, referred to the apex court's April 30 order and said the contempt petition was listed for hearing on May 10.

"We had said that both the matters will be listed together," the bench said.

When Bhushan said the court should hear his arguments on the review plea for an hour, the CJI said, "My brother (Justice Kaul) has to take up miscellaneous matters in his court".

After the court dictated the order, Bhushan said that the Centre has not filed reply on the perjury application.

Attorney General K K Venugopal, appearing for the Centre, said no notice was issued to the government on the perjury application.

To this, the bench told Venugopal, "Did we issue any notice to the application for production of documents? But, you have filed your reply to this application".

Bhushan also told the court that he would file rejoinder to the Centre's affidavit which was filed last week.

Gandhi had made the contemptuous remark, "chowkidar chor hai", against Modi, which the apex court had said was wrongly attributed to it.

The top court had on April 30 given another opportunity to Gandhi for filing one more affidavit for his remark.

Though Gandhi, through his counsel, admitted that he made a mistake by wrongly attributing the remark to the Supreme Court, it observed that in the affidavit filed earlier, at one point the Congress President admitted the mistake and at one point denied making contemptuous remarks.

In its December 14, 2018 verdict, the apex court had said there was no occasion to doubt decision-making process in the procurement of 36 Rafale fighter jets from France and dismissed all the petitions seeking an investigation into alleged irregularities in the Rs 58,000 crore deal.

The top court had said there was no substantial evidence of commercial favouritism to any private entity.&nbsp;

Later, in a setback to the Centre, the apex court had on April 10 allowed the plea relying on leaked documents for seeking review of its Rafale verdict and dismissed the government's preliminary objections claiming "privilege" over them.

The Rafale fighter is a twin-engine Medium Multi Role Combat Aircraft manufactured by French aerospace company Dassault Aviation.

A deal to procure the jets was signed between India and France in 2015. The delivery is expected to begin in September this year.

The Supreme Court Monday said it was "little perplexed" over the separate listing, contrary to its order, of the pleas seeking review of its verdict in Rafale case and the contempt plea against Congress president Rahul Gandhi for wrongly attributing to the apex court his "chokidar chor hai" remark against Prime Minister Narendra Modi.

The Supreme Court Monday said it was "little perplexed" over the separate listing, contrary to its order, of the pleas seeking review of its verdict in Rafale case and the contempt plea against Congress president Rahul Gandhi for wrongly attributing to the apex court his "chokidar chor hai" remark against Prime Minister Narendra Modi. A special bench headed by Chief Justice Ranjan Gogoi said it had made it clear earlier that both the matters would be heard together but despite that, the contempt petition was not listed for hearing along with the review pleas on Monday. The bench, also comprising Justices S K Kaul and K M Joseph, was told that the contempt petition against Gandhi was listed for hearing on May 10. "We are little perplexed that the two cases are listed on two different dates when the order was that these matters will be heard together," the bench observed. "This is the problem. There was order for listing both the matters together. We had dictated the order in an open court but it says one case on May 6 and other on May 10. How can this be done?," it said. After a brief hearing, the bench ordered that the review pleas and contempt petition against Gandhi be listed together for hearing on May 10. "The present matters and contempt petition (criminal)... Be listed together on May 10 at 2.00 PM," the bench said. "We make it clear that the hearing scheduled for May 10 would be taken up and parties shall make an endeavour to complete the same on the said date. Rejoinder to the replies of Union of India may be filed, in the meantime," the bench said in its order. At the outset, advocate Prashant Bhushan, who is one of the petitioners in the case along with former Union ministers Yashwant Sinha and Arun Shourie, told the bench that there were three pleas before the court. Bhushan said besides the review plea, there were two other applications -- one seeking perjury action against unknown government servants for allegedly misleading the court during the Rafale case hearing earlier and the other for production of certain documents. Bhushan said he would argue on the review plea and application for production of certain documents and the court should allow Shourie to argue on the perjury application. "Where is the connected matter of contempt?," the bench asked. Senior advocate Vikas Singh, appearing for one of the petitioner lawyers, Vineet Dhandha, referred to the apex court's April 30 order and said the contempt petition was listed for hearing on May 10. "We had said that both the matters will be listed together," the bench said. When Bhushan said the court should hear his arguments on the review plea for an hour, the CJI said, "My brother (Justice Kaul) has to take up miscellaneous matters in his court". After the court dictated the order, Bhushan said that the Centre has not filed reply on the perjury application. Attorney General K K Venugopal, appearing for the Centre, said no notice was issued to the government on the perjury application. To this, the bench told Venugopal, "Did we issue any notice to the application for production of documents? But, you have filed your reply to this application". Bhushan also told the court that he would file rejoinder to the Centre's affidavit which was filed last week. Gandhi had made the contemptuous remark, "chowkidar chor hai", against Modi, which the apex court had said was wrongly attributed to it. The top court had on April 30 given another opportunity to Gandhi for filing one more affidavit for his remark. Though Gandhi, through his counsel, admitted that he made a mistake by wrongly attributing the remark to the Supreme Court, it observed that in the affidavit filed earlier, at one point the Congress President admitted the mistake and at one point denied making contemptuous remarks. In its December 14, 2018 verdict, the apex court had said there was no occasion to doubt decision-making process in the procurement of 36 Rafale fighter jets from France and dismissed all the petitions seeking an investigation into alleged irregularities in the Rs 58,000 crore deal. The top court had said there was no substantial evidence of commercial favouritism to any private entity. Later, in a setback to the Centre, the apex court had on April 10 allowed the plea relying on leaked documents for seeking review of its Rafale verdict and dismissed the government's preliminary objections claiming "privilege" over them. The Rafale fighter is a twin-engine Medium Multi Role Combat Aircraft manufactured by French aerospace company Dassault Aviation. A deal to procure the jets was signed between India and France in 2015. The delivery is expected to begin in September this year.

Supreme Court says perplexed over separate listing of contempt case against Rahul Gandhi, Rafale review pleas

The navies of India and France began a joint military exercise, 'Varuna' on Monday along the Indian western coast of Goa. The exercise will be conducted in two phases. The first phase will be held off Goa from May 7 to May 10 and would include anti-submarine exercises, live firing drills, naval helicopter operations, and basic to advanced-level exercises for carrier-borne fighter aircraft. The second sea phase will take place off Djibouti later in the month, according to the Indian Navy.

Indian, French navies begin joint military exercise in Goa

There are 674 candidates in the fray with several big guns whose fate will be decided today including Union minister Rajnath Singh, Sonia Gandhi, Congress president Rahul Gandhi and Smriti Irani.

Live Lok Sabha phase 5 elections: 61% turn out recorded till 6:30pm; West Bengal leads with 74%, Jharkhand 64%

The Supreme Court Monday said no coercive action will be taken against <a href="https://www.wionews.com/business-economy/after-ngt-slaps-rs-500-crore-fine-on-volkswagen-automobile-giant-to-move-supreme-court-201753">German auto major Volkswagen</a> against whom the National Green Tribunal has imposed a fine of Rs 500 crore for damaging the environment through the use of "cheat device" in its diesel cars in India.

A bench headed by Justice S A Bobde virtually stayed the imposition of a fine for the time being against the multinational automobile company.

The apex green tribunal had on March 7 slapped a fine of Rs 500 crore on Volkswagen and directed the car maker to deposit the amount within two months.

The green panel on November 16, 2018, had said use of 'cheat device' by Volkswagen in diesel cars in India led to the inference of environmental damage and had directed it to deposit an interim amount of Rs 100 crore with the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB).

The Supreme Court Monday said no coercive action will be taken against German auto major Volkswagen against whom the National Green Tribunal has imposed a fine of Rs 500 crore for damaging the environment through the use of "cheat device" in its diesel cars in India.

The Supreme Court Monday said no coercive action will be taken against German auto major Volkswagen against whom the National Green Tribunal has imposed a fine of Rs 500 crore for damaging the environment through the use of "cheat device" in its diesel cars in India. A bench headed by Justice S A Bobde virtually stayed the imposition of a fine for the time being against the multinational automobile company. The apex green tribunal had on March 7 slapped a fine of Rs 500 crore on Volkswagen and directed the car maker to deposit the amount within two months. The green panel on November 16, 2018, had said use of 'cheat device' by Volkswagen in diesel cars in India led to the inference of environmental damage and had directed it to deposit an interim amount of Rs 100 crore with the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB).

No coercive action against Volkswagen on Rs 500 crore NGT ban: Supreme Court

The state government of West Bengal has refused to hold a <a href="https://www.wionews.com/india-general-elections-2019/pm-modi-reviews-situation-in-cyclone-hit-odisha-lauds-state-government-says-another-rs-1000-crore-to-be-released-216313">review meeting with Prime Minister Narendra Modi over Cyclone Fani</a>.

Prime Minister Modi, who flew down to Bhubaneswar on Monday to visit the areas hit by Fani and take stock of the situation, wanted to do the same for West Bengal.

The Centre had written to the Mamata Banerjee-led administration about a review meeting of the prime minister with the state government officials today.

However, the West Bengal government replied that since the government officials are busy with election duty, hence the review meeting should not be held.

"For the purpose of supervision of elections arrangement, the Chief Secretary, West Bengal and State Home Secretary will have to be stationed in the headquarters from morning till the end of elections on 06.05.2019. Hence it will not be possible for Chief Secretary, West Bengal, Home Secretary and other senior officers of the Government of West Bengal to be away from headquarters on 06.05.2019," the letter to the Union Home Ministry from the West Bengal's Department of Disaster Management and Civil Defence stated.

In Odisha, Prime Minister Modi was received by Governor Ganeshi Lal and Chief Minister Naveen Patnaik at the airport in the morning.

The Centre had earlier released Rs 1,000 crore to Odisha and other states, including West Bengal, to deal with the devastation caused by Cyclone Fani.

The prime minister wanted to take stock of the situation in West Bengal as well, but the state government declined.

"It is, therefore, proposed in view of the date coinciding with elections the meeting may be deferred," the letter from the West Bengal government added.

Government sources on Sunday revealed that the PMO had made attempts to connect Prime Minister Narendra Modi to West Bengal Chief Minister Mamata Banerjee twice over telephone post the Cyclone Fani but failed.

Reacting to reports in a section of media that TMC has expressed its displeasure over PM Modi speaking only to West Bengal Governor Keshari Nath Tripathi to inquire about the situation in the aftermath of the cyclone, the sources in the Prime Minister's Office (PMO) said that the claim is incorrect.

According to TMC, the Prime Minister had talked to Governor Tripathi and Odisha Chief Minister Naveen Patnaik but "did not call up" Banerjee.

The PMO sources said that two attempts were made by the PM's staff to connect the Prime Minister to Banerjee over the telephone.

"The claim made by TMC is incorrect. Two attempts were made on Saturday morning from the Prime Minister's staff to connect the Prime Minister to the West Bengal Chief Minister on phone," the sources had told ANI.

They said that on both occasions, PMO staff was told by Banerjee's office that the Chief Minister was on tour and the calls would be returned once she was back.

Cyclone Fani on Friday lashed Odisha and parts of West Bengal, triggering heavy rainfall accompanied by wind touching the speed of 200 kmph, and left three persons dead besides over 160 injured, a trail of destruction that included damaged houses, uprooted trees and electricity poles.

The state government of West Bengal has refused to hold a review meeting with Prime Minister Narendra Modi over Cyclone Fani. Prime Minister Modi, who flew down to Bhubaneswar on Monday to visit the areas hit by Fani and take stock of the situation, wanted to do the same for West Bengal.

The state government of West Bengal has refused to hold a review meeting with Prime Minister Narendra Modi over Cyclone Fani. Prime Minister Modi, who flew down to Bhubaneswar on Monday to visit the areas hit by Fani and take stock of the situation, wanted to do the same for West Bengal. The Centre had written to the Mamata Banerjee-led administration about a review meeting of the prime minister with the state government officials today. However, the West Bengal government replied that since the government officials are busy with election duty, hence the review meeting should not be held. "For the purpose of supervision of elections arrangement, the Chief Secretary, West Bengal and State Home Secretary will have to be stationed in the headquarters from morning till the end of elections on 06.05.2019. Hence it will not be possible for Chief Secretary, West Bengal, Home Secretary and other senior officers of the Government of West Bengal to be away from headquarters on 06.05.2019," the letter to the Union Home Ministry from the West Bengal's Department of Disaster Management and Civil Defence stated. In Odisha, Prime Minister Modi was received by Governor Ganeshi Lal and Chief Minister Naveen Patnaik at the airport in the morning. The Centre had earlier released Rs 1,000 crore to Odisha and other states, including West Bengal, to deal with the devastation caused by Cyclone Fani. The prime minister wanted to take stock of the situation in West Bengal as well, but the state government declined. "It is, therefore, proposed in view of the date coinciding with elections the meeting may be deferred," the letter from the West Bengal government added. Government sources on Sunday revealed that the PMO had made attempts to connect Prime Minister Narendra Modi to West Bengal Chief Minister Mamata Banerjee twice over telephone post the Cyclone Fani but failed. Reacting to reports in a section of media that TMC has expressed its displeasure over PM Modi speaking only to West Bengal Governor Keshari Nath Tripathi to inquire about the situation in the aftermath of the cyclone, the sources in the Prime Minister's Office (PMO) said that the claim is incorrect. According to TMC, the Prime Minister had talked to Governor Tripathi and Odisha Chief Minister Naveen Patnaik but "did not call up" Banerjee. The PMO sources said that two attempts were made by the PM's staff to connect the Prime Minister to Banerjee over the telephone. "The claim made by TMC is incorrect. Two attempts were made on Saturday morning from the Prime Minister's staff to connect the Prime Minister to the West Bengal Chief Minister on phone," the sources had told ANI. They said that on both occasions, PMO staff was told by Banerjee's office that the Chief Minister was on tour and the calls would be returned once she was back. Cyclone Fani on Friday lashed Odisha and parts of West Bengal, triggering heavy rainfall accompanied by wind touching the speed of 200 kmph, and left three persons dead besides over 160 injured, a trail of destruction that included damaged houses, uprooted trees and electricity poles.

West Bengal refuses to hold review meeting for 'Fani' with PM Modi

Sacked BSF jawan Tej Bahadur Yadav on Monday moved the Supreme Court challenging the Election Commission's decision to cancel his candidature from the Varanasi Lok Sabha constituency from where Prime Minister Narendra Modi is contesting.

Yadav, who was dismissed in 2017 after he posted a video online complaining about the food served to the troops, was fielded by the Samajwadi Party as its candidate from the Varanasi seat.

However, the returning officer rejected Yadav's nomination papers citing his failure to submit a certificate that he was not sacked for either corruption or disloyalty.

Yadav, in his plea, termed the decision of the poll panel discriminatory and unreasonable and said it should be set aside.&nbsp;

The SP had initially fielded Shalini Yadav as its candidate to contest against Modi and later nominated the sacked BSF jawan.

Sacked BSF jawan Tej Bahadur Yadav on Monday moved the Supreme Court challenging the Election Commission's decision to cancel his candidature from the Varanasi Lok Sabha constituency from where Prime Minister Narendra Modi is contesting.

Sacked BSF jawan Tej Bahadur Yadav on Monday moved the Supreme Court challenging the Election Commission's decision to cancel his candidature from the Varanasi Lok Sabha constituency from where Prime Minister Narendra Modi is contesting. Yadav, who was dismissed in 2017 after he posted a video online complaining about the food served to the troops, was fielded by the Samajwadi Party as its candidate from the Varanasi seat. However, the returning officer rejected Yadav's nomination papers citing his failure to submit a certificate that he was not sacked for either corruption or disloyalty. Yadav, in his plea, termed the decision of the poll panel discriminatory and unreasonable and said it should be set aside. The SP had initially fielded Shalini Yadav as its candidate to contest against Modi and later nominated the sacked BSF jawan.

Sacked BSF jawan moves Supreme Court against Election Commission decision to cancel his candidature

Over the past year, a team of as many as 260 contract workers in Hyderabad, India has ploughed through millions of Facebook Inc photos, status updates and other content posted since 2014.

The workers categorise items according to five "dimensions," as Facebook calls them.

These include the subject of the post - is it food, for example, or a selfie or an animal? What is the occasion - an everyday activity or major life event? And what is the author's intention - to plan an event, to inspire, to make a joke?

The work is aimed at understanding how the types of things users post on its services are changing, Facebook said. That can help the company develop new features, potentially increasing usage and ad revenue.

Details of the effort were provided by multiple employees at outsourcing firm Wipro Ltd over several months. The workers spoke on condition of anonymity due to fear of retaliation by the Indian firm. Facebook later confirmed many details of the project. Wipro declined to comment and referred all questions to Facebook.

The Wipro work is among about 200 content labelling projects that Facebook has at any time, employing thousands of people globally, company officials told Reuters.

Many projects are aimed at "training" the software that determines what appears in users' news feeds and powers the artificial intelligence underlying many other features.

The labelling efforts have not previously been reported.

"It's a core part of what you need," said Nipun Mathur, the director of product management for AI at Facebook. "I don't see the need going away."

The content labelling program could raise new privacy issues for Facebook, according to legal experts consulted by Reuters. The company is facing regulatory investigations worldwide over an unrelated set of alleged privacy abuses involving the sharing of user data with business partners.

The Wipro workers said they gain a window into lives as they view a vacation photo or a post memorialising a deceased family member. Facebook acknowledged that some posts, including screenshots and those with comments, may include user names.

The company said its legal and privacy teams must sign off on all labelling efforts, adding that it recently introduced an auditing system "to ensure that privacy expectations are being followed and parameters in place are working as expected."

But one former Facebook privacy manager, speaking on condition of anonymity, expressed unease about users' posts being scrutinized without their explicit permission. The European Union's year-old General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) has strict rules about how companies gather and use personal data and in many cases requires specific consent.

"One of the key pieces of GDPR is purpose limitation," said John Kennedy, a partner at law firm Wiggin and Dana who has worked on outsourcing, privacy and AI.

If the purpose is looking at posts to improve the precision of services, that should be stated explicitly, Kennedy said. Using an outside vendor for the work could also require consent, he said.

It remains unclear exactly how GDPR will be interpreted and whether regulators and consumers would see Facebook's internal labelling practices as problematic. Europe's top data privacy official declined to comment on possible concerns.

A Facebook spokeswoman said: "We make it clear in our data policy that we use the information people provide to Facebook to improve their experience and that we might work with service providers to help in this process."

US Senator Mark Warner, a Democrat and leading critic of social media, told Reuters in a statement that large platforms increasingly are "taking more and more data from users, for wider and more far-reaching uses, without any corresponding compensation to the user."

Warner said he is drafting legislation that would require Facebook to "disclose the value of users' data, and tell users exactly how their data is being monetized."

The project

Human-powered content labelling also referred to as "data annotation," is a growth industry as companies seek to harness data for AI training and other purposes.

Self-driving car companies such as Alphabet Inc's Waymo have labellers identify traffic lights and pedestrians in videos to fortify their AI. Voice assistant developers including Amazon.com Inc have people annotate customer audio to improve AI's ability to decipher speech.

Facebook launched the Wipro project in April last year. The Indian firm received a $4 million contract and formed a team of about 260 labellers, according to the workers. Last year, the work consisted of analyzing posts from the prior five years.

After completing that, the team in December was cut to about 30 and shifted to labelling each month posts from the prior month. Work is expected to last through at least the end of 2019, they said.

Facebook confirmed the staffing changes but declined to comment on financial details.

The company said its analysis is ongoing so it could not provide any findings from the labelling or resulting product decisions. It has not told labellers the purpose or results of the project, and the workers said all they have inferred from their limited view is that selfies are increasingly popular.

The Wipro labellers and Facebook said the posts are a random sampling of text-based status updates, shared links, event posts, Stories feature uploads, videos and photos, including user-posted screenshots of chats on Facebook's various messaging apps. The posts come from Facebook and Instagram users globally, in languages including English, Hindi and Arabic.

Each item goes to two labellers to check the accuracy, and a third if they disagree, Facebook said. Workers said they see on average 700 items per day. Facebook said the target average is lower.

Facebook confirmed labellers in Timisoara, Romania and Manila, the Philippines are involved in the same project.

Among Facebook's other labelling projects, one worker in Hyderabad for outsourcing vendor Cognizant Technology Solutions Corp said he and at least 500 colleagues look for sensitive topics or profane language in Facebook videos.

The aim is to train an automated Facebook tool that enables advertisers to avoid sponsoring videos that are, for example, adult or political, Facebook said. Cognizant did not respond to a request for comment.

Another application of labelling involved the social network's Marketplace shopping feature, where it automated category recommendations for new listings by first having labellers and product experts categorize some existing listings, Facebook's Mathur said.

Private posts

Facebook users are not offered the chance to opt out of their data being labelled.

At Wipro, the posts being examined include not only public posts but also those that are shared privately to a limited set of a user's friends. That ensures the sample reflects the range of activity on Facebook and Instagram, said Karen Courington, director of product support operations at Facebook.

Facebook's data policy does not explicitly mention manual analysis.

"We provide information and content to vendors and service providers who support our business, such as by providing technical infrastructure services, analyzing how our products are used, providing customer service, facilitating payments or conducting surveys," the policy states.

Europe's GDPR also requires companies to delete user data upon request. Facebook said it has the technology to routinely sync labelled posts with both deletion requests and changes to content privacy settings.

Facebook and other companies are testing techniques to curtail the need for outsourced labelling, in part to analyze more data faster and cheaper. For instance, AI training data for news feed rankings and photo descriptions for the blind came from hashtags on Instagram posts, Facebook's Mathur said.

"We try to minimise the number of things we send out," he said.

Over the past year, a team of as many as 260 contract workers in Hyderabad, India has ploughed through millions of Facebook Inc photos, status updates and other content posted since 2014.

Over the past year, a team of as many as 260 contract workers in Hyderabad, India has ploughed through millions of Facebook Inc photos, status updates and other content posted since 2014. The workers categorise items according to five "dimensions," as Facebook calls them. These include the subject of the post - is it food, for example, or a selfie or an animal? What is the occasion - an everyday activity or major life event? And what is the author's intention - to plan an event, to inspire, to make a joke? The work is aimed at understanding how the types of things users post on its services are changing, Facebook said. That can help the company develop new features, potentially increasing usage and ad revenue. Details of the effort were provided by multiple employees at outsourcing firm Wipro Ltd over several months. The workers spoke on condition of anonymity due to fear of retaliation by the Indian firm. Facebook later confirmed many details of the project. Wipro declined to comment and referred all questions to Facebook. The Wipro work is among about 200 content labelling projects that Facebook has at any time, employing thousands of people globally, company officials told Reuters. Many projects are aimed at "training" the software that determines what appears in users' news feeds and powers the artificial intelligence underlying many other features. The labelling efforts have not previously been reported. "It's a core part of what you need," said Nipun Mathur, the director of product management for AI at Facebook. "I don't see the need going away." The content labelling program could raise new privacy issues for Facebook, according to legal experts consulted by Reuters. The company is facing regulatory investigations worldwide over an unrelated set of alleged privacy abuses involving the sharing of user data with business partners. The Wipro workers said they gain a window into lives as they view a vacation photo or a post memorialising a deceased family member. Facebook acknowledged that some posts, including screenshots and those with comments, may include user names. The company said its legal and privacy teams must sign off on all labelling efforts, adding that it recently introduced an auditing system "to ensure that privacy expectations are being followed and parameters in place are working as expected." But one former Facebook privacy manager, speaking on condition of anonymity, expressed unease about users' posts being scrutinized without their explicit permission. The European Union's year-old General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) has strict rules about how companies gather and use personal data and in many cases requires specific consent. "One of the key pieces of GDPR is purpose limitation," said John Kennedy, a partner at law firm Wiggin and Dana who has worked on outsourcing, privacy and AI. If the purpose is looking at posts to improve the precision of services, that should be stated explicitly, Kennedy said. Using an outside vendor for the work could also require consent, he said. It remains unclear exactly how GDPR will be interpreted and whether regulators and consumers would see Facebook's internal labelling practices as problematic. Europe's top data privacy official declined to comment on possible concerns. A Facebook spokeswoman said: "We make it clear in our data policy that we use the information people provide to Facebook to improve their experience and that we might work with service providers to help in this process." US Senator Mark Warner, a Democrat and leading critic of social media, told Reuters in a statement that large platforms increasingly are "taking more and more data from users, for wider and more far-reaching uses, without any corresponding compensation to the user." Warner said he is drafting legislation that would require Facebook to "disclose the value of users' data, and tell users exactly how their data is being monetized." The project Human-powered content labelling also referred to as "data annotation," is a growth industry as companies seek to harness data for AI training and other purposes. Self-driving car companies such as Alphabet Inc's Waymo have labellers identify traffic lights and pedestrians in videos to fortify their AI. Voice assistant developers including Amazon.com Inc have people annotate customer audio to improve AI's ability to decipher speech. Facebook launched the Wipro project in April last year. The Indian firm received a $4 million contract and formed a team of about 260 labellers, according to the workers. Last year, the work consisted of analyzing posts from the prior five years. After completing that, the team in December was cut to about 30 and shifted to labelling each month posts from the prior month. Work is expected to last through at least the end of 2019, they said. Facebook confirmed the staffing changes but declined to comment on financial details. The company said its analysis is ongoing so it could not provide any findings from the labelling or resulting product decisions. It has not told labellers the purpose or results of the project, and the workers said all they have inferred from their limited view is that selfies are increasingly popular. The Wipro labellers and Facebook said the posts are a random sampling of text-based status updates, shared links, event posts, Stories feature uploads, videos and photos, including user-posted screenshots of chats on Facebook's various messaging apps. The posts come from Facebook and Instagram users globally, in languages including English, Hindi and Arabic. Each item goes to two labellers to check the accuracy, and a third if they disagree, Facebook said. Workers said they see on average 700 items per day. Facebook said the target average is lower. Facebook confirmed labellers in Timisoara, Romania and Manila, the Philippines are involved in the same project. Among Facebook's other labelling projects, one worker in Hyderabad for outsourcing vendor Cognizant Technology Solutions Corp said he and at least 500 colleagues look for sensitive topics or profane language in Facebook videos. The aim is to train an automated Facebook tool that enables advertisers to avoid sponsoring videos that are, for example, adult or political, Facebook said. Cognizant did not respond to a request for comment. Another application of labelling involved the social network's Marketplace shopping feature, where it automated category recommendations for new listings by first having labellers and product experts categorize some existing listings, Facebook's Mathur said. Private posts Facebook users are not offered the chance to opt out of their data being labelled. At Wipro, the posts being examined include not only public posts but also those that are shared privately to a limited set of a user's friends. That ensures the sample reflects the range of activity on Facebook and Instagram, said Karen Courington, director of product support operations at Facebook. Facebook's data policy does not explicitly mention manual analysis. "We provide information and content to vendors and service providers who support our business, such as by providing technical infrastructure services, analyzing how our products are used, providing customer service, facilitating payments or conducting surveys," the policy states. Europe's GDPR also requires companies to delete user data upon request. Facebook said it has the technology to routinely sync labelled posts with both deletion requests and changes to content privacy settings. Facebook and other companies are testing techniques to curtail the need for outsourced labelling, in part to analyze more data faster and cheaper. For instance, AI training data for news feed rankings and photo descriptions for the blind came from hashtags on Instagram posts, Facebook's Mathur said. "We try to minimise the number of things we send out," he said.

Facebook 'labels' posts by hand, posing privacy questions

A total of 12 suspected Rohingyas from Bangladesh were arrested in Mizoram for entering the state without valid travel documents, a police officer said on Monday.

Eight women and four boys from Bangladesh were taken from a house to Bawngkawn police station here on Sunday, Deputy Inspector of Police (Northern Range) Lalbiakthanga Khiangte said.

It is suspected that they were victims of human trafficking.

Khiangte said the arrested people had some mobile phones without SIM cards in their possession. An investigation is on to find out their identities.

The 12 people were found in the residence of a woman who claimed that her cousin who lives at Tahan in Myanmar had asked her favour to keep the 'guests' before being taken to the neighbouring country.

In late April, eight Rohingya women were detained at India-Myanmar border Vairengte town for trying to enter Mizoram illegally and were pushed back.

They had claimed that they were from Kutupalong refugee camp at Sabulara in Bangladesh and were abducted by a group of men on April 19 and brought them to Mizoram by truck.

More than 700,000 Rohingya Muslims fled from Myanmar's Rakhine state to neighbouring Bangladesh since August 2017 after a military crackdown, triggering a massive refugee crisis.&nbsp;

A total of 12 suspected Rohingyas from Bangladesh were arrested in Mizoram for entering the state without valid travel documents, a police officer said on Monday.

A total of 12 suspected Rohingyas from Bangladesh were arrested in Mizoram for entering the state without valid travel documents, a police officer said on Monday. Eight women and four boys from Bangladesh were taken from a house to Bawngkawn police station here on Sunday, Deputy Inspector of Police (Northern Range) Lalbiakthanga Khiangte said. It is suspected that they were victims of human trafficking. Khiangte said the arrested people had some mobile phones without SIM cards in their possession. An investigation is on to find out their identities. The 12 people were found in the residence of a woman who claimed that her cousin who lives at Tahan in Myanmar had asked her favour to keep the 'guests' before being taken to the neighbouring country. In late April, eight Rohingya women were detained at India-Myanmar border Vairengte town for trying to enter Mizoram illegally and were pushed back. They had claimed that they were from Kutupalong refugee camp at Sabulara in Bangladesh and were abducted by a group of men on April 19 and brought them to Mizoram by truck. More than 700,000 Rohingya Muslims fled from Myanmar's Rakhine state to neighbouring Bangladesh since August 2017 after a military crackdown, triggering a massive refugee crisis.

12 suspected Rohingyas held in Mizoram

Prime Minister Narendra Modi on Monday conducted an aerial survey to assess the loss and destruction caused by Cyclone Fani in Odisha.

PM Modi was received by Governor Ganeshi Lal and Chief Minister Naveen Patnaik on his arrival at the Biju Patnaik International Airport in Bhubaneshwar.

The prime minister, who has three rallies scheduled later in the day in West Bengal and Jharkhand, immediately proceeded towards his chopper to carry out the survey of the worst-hit Puri district and other affected areas.

<a href="https://www.wionews.com/india-news/cyclone-fani-death-toll-rises-to-33-as-cm-patnaik-announces-a-relief-package-216101">At least 34 people were killed during Cyclone 'Fani'</a>, which barrelled through coastal Odisha on Friday last, causing widespread destruction and leaving hundreds grappling with water shortage and power cut.

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PM Narendra Modi conducts aerial survey of <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/Cyclonefani?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#Cyclonefani</a> affected areas in Odisha. Governor Ganeshi Lal, CM Naveen Patnaik and Union Minister Dharmendra Pradhan also present. <a href="https://t.co/ZO9XkRC7kK">pic.twitter.com/ZO9XkRC7kK</a>
— ANI (@ANI) <a href="https://twitter.com/ANI/status/1125267925399506946?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">May 6, 2019</a></blockquote>
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The prime minister had on Sunday tweeted, "Will be in Odisha tomorrow morning, where I will review the situation due to Cyclone Fani and hold meetings with top officials. The Centre is committed to providing all possible assistance in relief and rehabilitation measures underway."

The PM also spoke to the chief minister on Saturday and discussed the situation in the aftermath of Fani, assuring continuous support from the Centre.

According to an official, Modi is scheduled to review the relief and restoration work in the state on his return from the aerial survey.

The National Crisis Management Committee (NCMC), headed by Cabinet Secretary P K Sinha, had on Sunday reviewed relief measures in affected areas of Odisha, West Bengal and Andhra Pradesh.&nbsp;

Prime Minister Narendra Modi on Monday conducted an aerial survey to assess the loss and destruction caused by Cyclone Fani in Odisha. PM Modi was received by Governor Ganeshi Lal and Chief Minister Naveen Patnaik on his arrival at the Biju Patnaik International Airport in Bhubaneshwar.

Prime Minister Narendra Modi on Monday conducted an aerial survey to assess the loss and destruction caused by Cyclone Fani in Odisha. PM Modi was received by Governor Ganeshi Lal and Chief Minister Naveen Patnaik on his arrival at the Biju Patnaik International Airport in Bhubaneshwar. The prime minister, who has three rallies scheduled later in the day in West Bengal and Jharkhand, immediately proceeded towards his chopper to carry out the survey of the worst-hit Puri district and other affected areas. At least 34 people were killed during Cyclone 'Fani', which barrelled through coastal Odisha on Friday last, causing widespread destruction and leaving hundreds grappling with water shortage and power cut. PM Narendra Modi conducts aerial survey of #Cyclonefani affected areas in Odisha. Governor Ganeshi Lal, CM Naveen Patnaik and Union Minister Dharmendra Pradhan also present. pic.twitter.com/ZO9XkRC7kK — ANI (@ANI) May 6, 2019 × The prime minister had on Sunday tweeted, "Will be in Odisha tomorrow morning, where I will review the situation due to Cyclone Fani and hold meetings with top officials. The Centre is committed to providing all possible assistance in relief and rehabilitation measures underway." The PM also spoke to the chief minister on Saturday and discussed the situation in the aftermath of Fani, assuring continuous support from the Centre. According to an official, Modi is scheduled to review the relief and restoration work in the state on his return from the aerial survey. The National Crisis Management Committee (NCMC), headed by Cabinet Secretary P K Sinha, had on Sunday reviewed relief measures in affected areas of Odisha, West Bengal and Andhra Pradesh.

Cyclone Fani: PM Modi conducts aerial survey of ravaged areas in Odisha

Telangana Chief Minister K Chandrashekhar Rao on Monday met his Kerala counterpart Pinarayi Vijayan in Thiruvananthapuram, reported news agency ANI.

The meeting between the two leaders took place at the official residence of Kerala chief minister, the report added.

According to sources, both the Chief Ministers held discussions on contemporary politics in view of ongoing Lok Sabha elections.

Rao who is on a visit to state also offered prayers at Sree Padmanabhaswamy Temple in the city earlier in the day.

Later, Rao is also expected to visit Rameswaram and Srirangam temples before returning to Hyderabad.&nbsp;

Telangana Chief Minister K Chandrashekhar Rao on Monday met his Kerala counterpart Pinarayi Vijayan in Thiruvananthapuram, reported news agency ANI. The meeting between the two leaders took place at the official residence of Kerala chief minister, the report added.

Telangana Chief Minister K Chandrashekhar Rao on Monday met his Kerala counterpart Pinarayi Vijayan in Thiruvananthapuram, reported news agency ANI. The meeting between the two leaders took place at the official residence of Kerala chief minister, the report added. According to sources, both the Chief Ministers held discussions on contemporary politics in view of ongoing Lok Sabha elections. Rao who is on a visit to state also offered prayers at Sree Padmanabhaswamy Temple in the city earlier in the day. Later, Rao is also expected to visit Rameswaram and Srirangam temples before returning to Hyderabad.

Telangana CM KCR meets Kerala Chief Minister Pinarayi Vijayan

Tibetan spiritual leader Dalai Lama, Odisha Chief Minister Naveen Patnaik and Union minister Dharmendra Pradhan have come forward with donations for those affected by cyclone 'Fani', which caused widespread destruction in the state and claimed at least 35 lives, reported news agency PTI.

"As a mark of solidarity with the people of Odisha, I am donating Rs 1,000,000 from the Dalai Lama Trust to the efforts to provide relief and rebuilt," a letter written by the Dalai Lama's office to Patnaik, said.

The spiritual leader also hailed the measures taken by the Odisha government in facing the cyclonic storm. Due to the proactive steps, the human casualties have been minimal, the Dalai Lama said.

"At the same time, I would like to express my sadness about the lives that were lost, the devastation of property, and hardship this storm has caused to many people," he said.

Meanwhile, Patnaik announced he will donate one year's salary to the chief minister's relief fund for the cyclone-hit people, the report added.

Union Minister Dharmendra Pradhan also donated his one month's salary.

Official sources said the government of Chhattishgarh has donated Rs 11 crore to the chief minister's relief fund, while Uttar Pradesh and Tamil Nadu contributed Rs 10 crore each for the cyclone victims. The Uttarakhand government has donated Rs 5 crore.&nbsp;

Tibetan spiritual leader Dalai Lama, Odisha Chief Minister Naveen Patnaik and Union minister Dharmendra Pradhan have come forward with donations for those affected by cyclone 'Fani', which caused widespread destruction in the state and claimed at least 35 lives, reported news agency PTI.

Tibetan spiritual leader Dalai Lama, Odisha Chief Minister Naveen Patnaik and Union minister Dharmendra Pradhan have come forward with donations for those affected by cyclone 'Fani', which caused widespread destruction in the state and claimed at least 35 lives, reported news agency PTI. "As a mark of solidarity with the people of Odisha, I am donating Rs 1,000,000 from the Dalai Lama Trust to the efforts to provide relief and rebuilt," a letter written by the Dalai Lama's office to Patnaik, said. The spiritual leader also hailed the measures taken by the Odisha government in facing the cyclonic storm. Due to the proactive steps, the human casualties have been minimal, the Dalai Lama said. "At the same time, I would like to express my sadness about the lives that were lost, the devastation of property, and hardship this storm has caused to many people," he said. Meanwhile, Patnaik announced he will donate one year's salary to the chief minister's relief fund for the cyclone-hit people, the report added. Union Minister Dharmendra Pradhan also donated his one month's salary. Official sources said the government of Chhattishgarh has donated Rs 11 crore to the chief minister's relief fund, while Uttar Pradesh and Tamil Nadu contributed Rs 10 crore each for the cyclone victims. The Uttarakhand government has donated Rs 5 crore.

Cyclone Fani: Dalai Lama, Patnaik, Pradhan donate for victims

US Special Representative for Afghanistan Zalmay Khalilzad Monday met External Affairs Minister Sushma Swaraj and briefed her about the Afghan peace process.

In a tweet, the ministry of external affairs said, "Both discussed the role of all regional stakeholders in bringing peace &amp; development in Afghanistan."

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Appreciate Amb <a href="https://twitter.com/US4AfghanPeace?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">@US4AfghanPeace</a> Khalilzad briefing EAM <a href="https://twitter.com/SushmaSwaraj?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">@SushmaSwaraj</a> on peace efforts in Afghanistan in midst of ongoing Doha meetings. Both discussed role of all regional stakeholders in bringing peace &amp; development in Afghanistan. India will work with key partners in days ahead. <a href="https://t.co/Sw78HuV4xa">pic.twitter.com/Sw78HuV4xa</a>
— Raveesh Kumar (@MEAIndia) <a href="https://twitter.com/MEAIndia/status/1125393113067876352?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">May 6, 2019</a></blockquote>
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Adding, "India will work with key partners in days ahead."

The talks come in the midst of Doha talks between Taliban and US.&nbsp;

This is the second visit by Zalmay Khalilzad to India this year, first being in January.

He has already visited Pakistan and Afghanistan during his current visit to the region. Foreign secretary Vijay Gokhale had met the US envoy in March in Washington &amp; appraised about India's view on the Afghan peace process.

India backs "Afghan-owned, Afghan-led and Afghan-controlled" peace process. India has been engaging with regional countries—Iran, Russia, China, Central Asian countries-- regarding the Afghan peace process.&nbsp;

US Special Representative for Afghanistan Zalmay Khalilzad Monday met External Affairs Minister Sushma Swaraj and briefed her about the Afghan peace process. In a tweet, the ministry of external affairs said, "Both discussed the role of all regional stakeholders in bringing peace & development in Afghanistan.

US Special Representative for Afghanistan Zalmay Khalilzad Monday met External Affairs Minister Sushma Swaraj and briefed her about the Afghan peace process. In a tweet, the ministry of external affairs said, "Both discussed the role of all regional stakeholders in bringing peace & development in Afghanistan." Appreciate Amb @US4AfghanPeace Khalilzad briefing EAM @SushmaSwaraj on peace efforts in Afghanistan in midst of ongoing Doha meetings. Both discussed role of all regional stakeholders in bringing peace & development in Afghanistan. India will work with key partners in days ahead. pic.twitter.com/Sw78HuV4xa — Raveesh Kumar (@MEAIndia) May 6, 2019 × Adding, "India will work with key partners in days ahead." The talks come in the midst of Doha talks between Taliban and US. This is the second visit by Zalmay Khalilzad to India this year, first being in January. He has already visited Pakistan and Afghanistan during his current visit to the region. Foreign secretary Vijay Gokhale had met the US envoy in March in Washington & appraised about India's view on the Afghan peace process. India backs "Afghan-owned, Afghan-led and Afghan-controlled" peace process. India has been engaging with regional countries—Iran, Russia, China, Central Asian countries-- regarding the Afghan peace process.

US representative Zalmay Khalizad briefs Sushma Swaraj on Afghan peace initiatives

<a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/78-people-were-onboard-russian-aeroflot-sukhoi-superjet-aircraft-37-survived-investigators-216230">78 people were onboard Russian Aeroflot Sukhoi Superjet aircraft; 37 survived: Investigators</a>

Russian investigators said today that 78 people were onboard the Aeroflot Sukhoi Superjet 100 aircraft when it caught fire during emergency landing at Moscow's Sheremetyevo airport on Sunday.

<a href="https://www.wionews.com/india-news/live-lok-sabha-elections-polling-underway-in-seven-states-in-fifth-phase-216212">Live Lok Sabha elections: Rajnath Singh, Mayawati, Rajyavardhan Singh Rathore cast vote in fifth phase</a>

Polling booths opened at 7am today as voting got underway for the fifth phase in the Lok Sabha elections. There are 51 constituencies going to the polls today across seven states which include Uttar Pradesh (14 seats), Rajasthan (12 seats) Madhya Pradesh (7 seats), West Bengal (7 seats) Bihar (5 seats) Jharkhand (4 seats) and Pulwama, Ladakh and Shopian district in Anantnag in Jammu and Kashmir.

<a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/we-support-israel-100-in-its-defence-of-its-citizens-says-donald-trump-on-gaza-escalation-216211">We support Israel 100% in defence of its citizens, says Donald Trump on Gaza escalation</a>

President Donald Trump assured Israel on Sunday that it has Washington's full support after the Jewish state led waves of retaliatory strikes in the Gaza Strip in response to Palestinian rockets.

<a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/engineers-had-identified-fault-with-pilot-warning-system-on-its-737-max-aircraft-in-2017-boeing-216225">Engineers had identified fault with pilot warning system on its 737 MAX aircraft in 2017: Boeing</a>

Boeing engineers identified a fault with a pilot warning system on its 737 MAX aircraft in 2017, a year before the deadly Lion Air crash, the company said Sunday.

<a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/robert-mueller-should-not-testify-before-us-congress-trump-216223">Robert Mueller 'should not testify' before US Congress: Trump</a>

US President Donald Trump said Sunday that Special Counsel Robert Mueller "should not testify" before Congress on his Russia election meddling inquiry, setting up a confrontation with Democrats already irate over what they view as increasingly brazen administration stone-walling.

78 people were onboard Russian Aeroflot Sukhoi Superjet aircraft; 37 survived: Investigators Russian investigators said today that 78 people were onboard the Aeroflot Sukhoi Superjet 100 aircraft when it caught fire during emergency landing at Moscow's Sheremetyevo airport on Sunday.

78 people were onboard Russian Aeroflot Sukhoi Superjet aircraft; 37 survived: Investigators Russian investigators said today that 78 people were onboard the Aeroflot Sukhoi Superjet 100 aircraft when it caught fire during emergency landing at Moscow's Sheremetyevo airport on Sunday. Live Lok Sabha elections: Rajnath Singh, Mayawati, Rajyavardhan Singh Rathore cast vote in fifth phase Polling booths opened at 7am today as voting got underway for the fifth phase in the Lok Sabha elections. There are 51 constituencies going to the polls today across seven states which include Uttar Pradesh (14 seats), Rajasthan (12 seats) Madhya Pradesh (7 seats), West Bengal (7 seats) Bihar (5 seats) Jharkhand (4 seats) and Pulwama, Ladakh and Shopian district in Anantnag in Jammu and Kashmir. We support Israel 100% in defence of its citizens, says Donald Trump on Gaza escalation President Donald Trump assured Israel on Sunday that it has Washington's full support after the Jewish state led waves of retaliatory strikes in the Gaza Strip in response to Palestinian rockets. Engineers had identified fault with pilot warning system on its 737 MAX aircraft in 2017: Boeing Boeing engineers identified a fault with a pilot warning system on its 737 MAX aircraft in 2017, a year before the deadly Lion Air crash, the company said Sunday. Robert Mueller 'should not testify' before US Congress: Trump US President Donald Trump said Sunday that Special Counsel Robert Mueller "should not testify" before Congress on his Russia election meddling inquiry, setting up a confrontation with Democrats already irate over what they view as increasingly brazen administration stone-walling.

A civilian was injured in ceasefire violation by Pakistan in Degwar village of Poonch district in Jammu and Kashmir.

The civilian received bullet injury on his head during ceasefire violation that took place on Sunday at around 8:30 pm.

Tehsildar Haveli Poonch, Naresh Kumar told ANI, "He was injured in ceasefire violation by Pakistan around 8:30 pm today. He suffered a bullet injury in the head. The treatment is underway".

Yesterday, Pakistan resorted to mortar shelling and firing of small arms in Poonch and Rajouri districts.

Keeping in view the safety of students, all government and private schools up to 10+2 level within 0-5 Km distance from LoC in Keri sector (Education Zone Doongi) of Rajouri will remain closed on May 6.

"As a precautionary measure and keeping in view safety of the students, all Govt &amp; Pvt. schools up to 10+2 level within 0-5 Km distance from LoC in Keri sector (Education Zone Doongi) of Rajouri shall remain closed tomorrow, May 6," Rajouri Deputy Commissioner, Mohammad Aijaz Asad said.&nbsp;

A civilian was injured in ceasefire violation by Pakistan in Degwar village of Poonch district in Jammu and Kashmir. The civilian received bullet injury on his head during ceasefire violation that took place on Sunday at around 8:30 pm.

A civilian was injured in ceasefire violation by Pakistan in Degwar village of Poonch district in Jammu and Kashmir. The civilian received bullet injury on his head during ceasefire violation that took place on Sunday at around 8:30 pm. Tehsildar Haveli Poonch, Naresh Kumar told ANI, "He was injured in ceasefire violation by Pakistan around 8:30 pm today. He suffered a bullet injury in the head. The treatment is underway". Yesterday, Pakistan resorted to mortar shelling and firing of small arms in Poonch and Rajouri districts. Keeping in view the safety of students, all government and private schools up to 10+2 level within 0-5 Km distance from LoC in Keri sector (Education Zone Doongi) of Rajouri will remain closed on May 6. "As a precautionary measure and keeping in view safety of the students, all Govt & Pvt. schools up to 10+2 level within 0-5 Km distance from LoC in Keri sector (Education Zone Doongi) of Rajouri shall remain closed tomorrow, May 6," Rajouri Deputy Commissioner, Mohammad Aijaz Asad said.

Jammu and Kashmir: Civilian injured in ceasefire violation by Pakistan

Gagandeep Kang is the first Indian woman scientist getting selected as FRS in 359 years of history of this prestigious scientific academy. She has been acclaimed for her key role in the development of India's first indigenous vaccines for Rotavirus infections. &nbsp;

Currently working as the Executive Director of Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, Gagandeep Kang told WION that science that we do is incremental and not in the transforming field.&nbsp;

Hence she is worried about the state of science in India which needs to be changed structurally. Here are some of the excerpts of the conversations.

WION: How did you begin working on Rotavirus infections? How did the idea of developing a vaccine come about? Can you, in short, describe your journey?

KANG: I started working on Rotavirus about a little over 20 years ago. There had been somebody on our department who looked upon the cause of diarrhoea in children and so they identified that Rotavirus was the top cause of diarrhoea. The others were bacterial causes and so I decided on work in it.

In terms of developing a vaccine, I think everybody in the Rotavirus field, from the late 1970s onwards, has been trying working on the vaccine. Hence, I can't say that I had developed the vaccine, rather I had worked upon the one that has been already developed.

WION: As a Royal society member you have joined the league of the likes of Isaac Newton and Charles Darwin. How does it feel?

KANG: Well, I have been elected to the fellowship of the Royal Society and that is an honour for any scientist, whether in the UK or as a foreign member or in any part of the world. I think Issac and Darwin were known for their fundamental discoveries and the kind of work that I do is more in the developing phase, like in the way of testing and prevention. So, "I think that I am not a discoverer but a developer", and hope that what I develop is useful for the people in our country.

WION: As a scientist Is there one thing you’re currently working on or has been in the past that kept or keeps you awake at nights?

KANG: I worry about the state of science in India. We have such wonderful and bright young people and so would like to see more strong science coming from our country. What tends to happen is that most of the science that we do is incremental and not in the transforming field. This can only happen when we have enthusiastic people working together on big problems, understanding the fact that many times we may fail, but when we would succeed it would be a success in something that really matters. So, there are many things that need to be changed in our system structurally for doing science in India.

WION: How would you sum up your scientific voyage from India to Britain (FRS)? Do you find the difference in scientific approaches and temper between Indian and foreign scientific institutions and in what sense?

KANG: I wouldn't feel like answering this question in relation to FRS, but in the last 30 years that I have been working and got an opportunity to work in the US and UK. The environment is very different as compared to that in India. The biggest difference I think I saw was the " appreciation factor" between countries. In India, it is always like "Oh! This is wrong, " You should have done it that way and blah blah!. Hence, Praise is a very rare thing in our country which comes at a very late stage. We really do not appreciate the efforts people love putting in. As when you are appreciated, your love for the work becomes twice and the results are out in no big time. So, I think that encouragement and curiosity towards everything need to be given a second chance for better results, especially in science.

WION: You are referred to as Vaccine Godmother. How does it stick to you? And are also working on any other invention that would add more feathers to your cap?

KANG: (Shares laugh), I don't think that I am a Vaccine Godmother. It's just that I have been trying to work with the vaccines industry in the past few years to identify what problems are encountered in India. There are many things that are different in India in terms of regulations of vaccines as compared to other parts of the world. The reason for that is our Drugs and Cosmetics Rules, 1945, under which all drugs and vaccines are regulated and treats vaccines as if they are drugs. So the testing pathway in India is unnecessarily complicated in some ways or the other. So, our vaccines getting on to the global market in science to be developed are slowed down by its processing. Hence this is the one thing that I have been trying to work on and smooth out the fast way in the development of the new vaccines. 
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 
If you ask me what I am working on now, there is a typhoid conjugate vaccine for which we do not have a national policy on typhoid. Hence with my colleagues, we are trying to estimate how much typhoid is there in our country as it is a disease which comes and goes. I think there is a very deep hidden burden of typhoid and by the next year, we should have accurate estimates so that we can get developing policies of typhoid vaccination in India.

WION: Who or what inspired you to become a scientist? Does being a woman director bring about unique challenges?

KANG: My father is my inspiration for becoming a scientist. He was an engineer while my mother is a teacher. Both of them together are very encouraging. He told me and my sister that we have the ability to become anything that we want to be. So for me, Curiosity was one factor that has always driven me. I was reading with experimenting with my father that naturally lead me pursuing science. Then, I wanted to become a medical scientist which I am today. 
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; 
Being a woman director, challenges are there at every stage of life as people don't accept a woman in a place where they are in leadership. So, you always have to stay very very strong and deliver your message across in a way without being rude.

WION: Vaccine has become an integral part of our lives. At times it seems even overkill for a layman especially in terms of commercialisation. ( like the number of vaccines that is prescribed for a child nowadays and the money that one has to incur), like measles etc. 
Is there a way to control that?

KANG: I don't think that we need to work much on Measles vaccine as it is already a very good vaccine. The only problem is that people are not getting the vaccine. so, if you have people who are negative about the vaccine will most probably influence other people to not have them. Hence it can reach a situation where adults are making its deficiency in children who acquire this disease at a very fast pace. Once it spreads to the community, it can create a very serious situation where most does not understand the importance of public health. 
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 
The measles vaccine is already a commercialized vaccine, there are many versions of it. What we need is an order to deliver the vaccine both in the public and private system to ensure that all children everywhere get the doses. Hence, it is not about commercialization but the private provider of vaccinations.

WION: There is a deeply chauvinistic society where women are not much welcomed in the field of science. 
One change that will hugely benefit the young women scientists who are just making their way in?

KANG: I think being able to provide flexible working hours for women will really change the mindset. In today's world, it is all about getting the job done. In science, physical inner space is not much required. What needs to be focused on is to always keep reading, experimenting and exploring especially for young women. Also making them responsible and accountable for their own work would be the best thing for them to step in and explore.

WION: Being an FRS member now, what kind of specific obligations and commitments does it bring?

KANG: The fellowship in itself recognizes you as a contributor to science. Once you join fellowship, there are obligations and continuous promotion of doing high quality of science. In addition to that Royal society also have a number of activities that are related to broadening the reach of science. Much if they do is through journals and meetings. So, these are the things that I had joined before my fellowship which in itself is very prestigious and convened by the best scientists of the world to deliberate on the topics that are often important in our field.

WION: Other than labs, which is the one place you often visit?

KANG: Going home to my mother in Delhi from Faridabad is the one place that I often visit. When I came to Delhi, I thought that I would stay with my mother here but Delhi's awful traffic made me changed my decision and so I decided to visit her every time from Faridabad to her place and have a cup of tea with her as I think nothing could be much better than having a tea with your mother.

WION: You are the first Woman scientist of India. One advice that you want to give young generations and females who think of pursuing their career as a scientist?

KANG: I hope that I will not be the only Indian woman scientist from India, but the league is continued by many youths and females making their way in.

The two things that are very important is to be passionate and committed to your work. As a scientist, one thing that is a must is to never stop exploring. Well, this goes for all even if you are not a 'lab person'.

Gagandeep Kang is the first Indian woman scientist getting selected as FRS in 359 years of history of this prestigious scientific academy. She has been acclaimed for her key role in the development of India's first indigenous vaccines for Rotavirus infections.

Gagandeep Kang is the first Indian woman scientist getting selected as FRS in 359 years of history of this prestigious scientific academy. She has been acclaimed for her key role in the development of India's first indigenous vaccines for Rotavirus infections. Currently working as the Executive Director of Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, Gagandeep Kang told WION that science that we do is incremental and not in the transforming field. Hence she is worried about the state of science in India which needs to be changed structurally. Here are some of the excerpts of the conversations. WION: How did you begin working on Rotavirus infections? How did the idea of developing a vaccine come about? Can you, in short, describe your journey? KANG: I started working on Rotavirus about a little over 20 years ago. There had been somebody on our department who looked upon the cause of diarrhoea in children and so they identified that Rotavirus was the top cause of diarrhoea. The others were bacterial causes and so I decided on work in it. In terms of developing a vaccine, I think everybody in the Rotavirus field, from the late 1970s onwards, has been trying working on the vaccine. Hence, I can't say that I had developed the vaccine, rather I had worked upon the one that has been already developed. WION: As a Royal society member you have joined the league of the likes of Isaac Newton and Charles Darwin. How does it feel? KANG: Well, I have been elected to the fellowship of the Royal Society and that is an honour for any scientist, whether in the UK or as a foreign member or in any part of the world. I think Issac and Darwin were known for their fundamental discoveries and the kind of work that I do is more in the developing phase, like in the way of testing and prevention. So, "I think that I am not a discoverer but a developer", and hope that what I develop is useful for the people in our country. WION: As a scientist Is there one thing you’re currently working on or has been in the past that kept or keeps you awake at nights? KANG: I worry about the state of science in India. We have such wonderful and bright young people and so would like to see more strong science coming from our country. What tends to happen is that most of the science that we do is incremental and not in the transforming field. This can only happen when we have enthusiastic people working together on big problems, understanding the fact that many times we may fail, but when we would succeed it would be a success in something that really matters. So, there are many things that need to be changed in our system structurally for doing science in India. WION: How would you sum up your scientific voyage from India to Britain (FRS)? Do you find the difference in scientific approaches and temper between Indian and foreign scientific institutions and in what sense? KANG: I wouldn't feel like answering this question in relation to FRS, but in the last 30 years that I have been working and got an opportunity to work in the US and UK. The environment is very different as compared to that in India. The biggest difference I think I saw was the " appreciation factor" between countries. In India, it is always like "Oh! This is wrong, " You should have done it that way and blah blah!. Hence, Praise is a very rare thing in our country which comes at a very late stage. We really do not appreciate the efforts people love putting in. As when you are appreciated, your love for the work becomes twice and the results are out in no big time. So, I think that encouragement and curiosity towards everything need to be given a second chance for better results, especially in science. WION: You are referred to as Vaccine Godmother. How does it stick to you? And are also working on any other invention that would add more feathers to your cap? KANG: (Shares laugh), I don't think that I am a Vaccine Godmother. It's just that I have been trying to work with the vaccines industry in the past few years to identify what problems are encountered in India. There are many things that are different in India in terms of regulations of vaccines as compared to other parts of the world. The reason for that is our Drugs and Cosmetics Rules, 1945, under which all drugs and vaccines are regulated and treats vaccines as if they are drugs. So the testing pathway in India is unnecessarily complicated in some ways or the other. So, our vaccines getting on to the global market in science to be developed are slowed down by its processing. Hence this is the one thing that I have been trying to work on and smooth out the fast way in the development of the new vaccines. If you ask me what I am working on now, there is a typhoid conjugate vaccine for which we do not have a national policy on typhoid. Hence with my colleagues, we are trying to estimate how much typhoid is there in our country as it is a disease which comes and goes. I think there is a very deep hidden burden of typhoid and by the next year, we should have accurate estimates so that we can get developing policies of typhoid vaccination in India. WION: Who or what inspired you to become a scientist? Does being a woman director bring about unique challenges? KANG: My father is my inspiration for becoming a scientist. He was an engineer while my mother is a teacher. Both of them together are very encouraging. He told me and my sister that we have the ability to become anything that we want to be. So for me, Curiosity was one factor that has always driven me. I was reading with experimenting with my father that naturally lead me pursuing science. Then, I wanted to become a medical scientist which I am today. Being a woman director, challenges are there at every stage of life as people don't accept a woman in a place where they are in leadership. So, you always have to stay very very strong and deliver your message across in a way without being rude. WION: Vaccine has become an integral part of our lives. At times it seems even overkill for a layman especially in terms of commercialisation. ( like the number of vaccines that is prescribed for a child nowadays and the money that one has to incur), like measles etc. Is there a way to control that? KANG: I don't think that we need to work much on Measles vaccine as it is already a very good vaccine. The only problem is that people are not getting the vaccine. so, if you have people who are negative about the vaccine will most probably influence other people to not have them. Hence it can reach a situation where adults are making its deficiency in children who acquire this disease at a very fast pace. Once it spreads to the community, it can create a very serious situation where most does not understand the importance of public health. The measles vaccine is already a commercialized vaccine, there are many versions of it. What we need is an order to deliver the vaccine both in the public and private system to ensure that all children everywhere get the doses. Hence, it is not about commercialization but the private provider of vaccinations. WION: There is a deeply chauvinistic society where women are not much welcomed in the field of science. One change that will hugely benefit the young women scientists who are just making their way in? KANG: I think being able to provide flexible working hours for women will really change the mindset. In today's world, it is all about getting the job done. In science, physical inner space is not much required. What needs to be focused on is to always keep reading, experimenting and exploring especially for young women. Also making them responsible and accountable for their own work would be the best thing for them to step in and explore. WION: Being an FRS member now, what kind of specific obligations and commitments does it bring? KANG: The fellowship in itself recognizes you as a contributor to science. Once you join fellowship, there are obligations and continuous promotion of doing high quality of science. In addition to that Royal society also have a number of activities that are related to broadening the reach of science. Much if they do is through journals and meetings. So, these are the things that I had joined before my fellowship which in itself is very prestigious and convened by the best scientists of the world to deliberate on the topics that are often important in our field. WION: Other than labs, which is the one place you often visit? KANG: Going home to my mother in Delhi from Faridabad is the one place that I often visit. When I came to Delhi, I thought that I would stay with my mother here but Delhi's awful traffic made me changed my decision and so I decided to visit her every time from Faridabad to her place and have a cup of tea with her as I think nothing could be much better than having a tea with your mother. WION: You are the first Woman scientist of India. One advice that you want to give young generations and females who think of pursuing their career as a scientist? KANG: I hope that I will not be the only Indian woman scientist from India, but the league is continued by many youths and females making their way in. The two things that are very important is to be passionate and committed to your work. As a scientist, one thing that is a must is to never stop exploring. Well, this goes for all even if you are not a 'lab person'.

Newton & Darwin were discoverers, I am a developer, says Gagandeep Kang, first Indian woman fellow of Royal Society

<a href="https://www.wionews.com/india-news/cji-ranjan-gogoi-gets-clean-chit-in-sexual-harassment-case-by-supreme-courts-in-house-panel-216443">CJI Ranjan Gogoi gets clean chit in sexual harassment case by Supreme Court's in-house panel</a>

The in-house committee led by Justice S A Bobde on Monday gave a clean chit to Chief Justice of India Ranjan Gogoi in a sexual harassment case.&nbsp;

The committee, also comprises Justices Indu Malhotra and Indira Banerjee, said it found no substance in the sexual harassment allegations against CJI Ranjan Gogoi.&nbsp;

<a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/venezuela-ready-for-any-us-attack-foreign-minister-216419">If United States opts for war, we will not only fight but win: Venezuela government</a>

Venezuelan President Nicolas Maduro is ready to see off any attack from the United States, his foreign minister Jorge Arreaza said Monday in Moscow, after a meeting with Russian counterpart Sergei Lavrov.&nbsp;

<a href="https://www.wionews.com/south-asia/pakistans-ahmadi-community-faces-growing-discrimination-report-says-216405">Pakistan's Ahmadi community faces growing discrimination: Report</a>

Pakistan's Ahmadi community faces growing institutionalized discrimination fanned by last year's election campaign by Prime Minister Imran Khan, the minority movement said in a report issued on Monday.

<a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/pilot-says-lightning-caused-deadly-russian-crash-landing-216399">Pilot says lightning caused deadly Russian crash landing</a>

The pilot of a Russian passenger plane that erupted in a ball of fire on the runway of Moscow's busiest airport, killing 41 people, said lightning led to the emergency landing.

<a href="https://www.wionews.com/india-news/live-lok-sabha-elections-polling-underway-in-seven-states-in-fifth-phase-216212">Live Lok Sabha phase 5 elections: 61% turn out recorded till 6:30 pm; West Bengal leads with 74%, Jharkhand 64%</a>

Jammu &amp; Kashmir: A petrol bomb was hurled at a polling station in south Kashmir’s Shopian today. No loss of life or injuries reported.&nbsp;

CJI Ranjan Gogoi gets clean chit in sexual harassment case by Supreme Court's in-house panel The in-house committee led by Justice S A Bobde on Monday gave a clean chit to Chief Justice of India Ranjan Gogoi in a sexual harassment case.

CJI Ranjan Gogoi gets clean chit in sexual harassment case by Supreme Court's in-house panel The in-house committee led by Justice S A Bobde on Monday gave a clean chit to Chief Justice of India Ranjan Gogoi in a sexual harassment case. The committee, also comprises Justices Indu Malhotra and Indira Banerjee, said it found no substance in the sexual harassment allegations against CJI Ranjan Gogoi. If United States opts for war, we will not only fight but win: Venezuela government Venezuelan President Nicolas Maduro is ready to see off any attack from the United States, his foreign minister Jorge Arreaza said Monday in Moscow, after a meeting with Russian counterpart Sergei Lavrov. Pakistan's Ahmadi community faces growing discrimination: Report Pakistan's Ahmadi community faces growing institutionalized discrimination fanned by last year's election campaign by Prime Minister Imran Khan, the minority movement said in a report issued on Monday. Pilot says lightning caused deadly Russian crash landing The pilot of a Russian passenger plane that erupted in a ball of fire on the runway of Moscow's busiest airport, killing 41 people, said lightning led to the emergency landing. Live Lok Sabha phase 5 elections: 61% turn out recorded till 6:30 pm; West Bengal leads with 74%, Jharkhand 64% Jammu & Kashmir: A petrol bomb was hurled at a polling station in south Kashmir’s Shopian today. No loss of life or injuries reported.

The US on Monday assured India that it was working with countries like Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates to ensure oil supplies following imports drying up in the wake of US sanctions impacting New Delhi, reported news agency ANI.

US Ambassador to India Kenneth Juster made public the assurance after Trade Secretary Wilbur Ross held a meeting with Finance Minister Arun Jaitley at the North Block in which India`s concerns over oil supplies getting deeply impacted following the US sanctions on oil imports from Iran by other countries.

Juster, who accompanied Ross, said the US was working with other countries like Saudi Arabia and UAE to ensure adequate oil supplies to India.

On his part, Ross said "Iran is a problem if you have seen recent terrorism incidents and we should be doing whatever we can against terrorism.

"To a question, he replied it was premature to talk about Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in e-commerce which he said he would discuss with Suresh Prabhu.

India was forced to stop importing crude oil from Iran May 2 after the US ended sanction waivers on countries importing oil from Teheran.

The Trump administration decided not to renew waiver that let countries like India buy Iranian oil without facing US sanctions.

New Delhi was expected to press the US government for continuation of Iranian supplies. India was the second biggest buyer of Iranian crude oil after China. It bought some 24 million tonnes of crude oil from Iran in the fiscal ended March 31 (2018-19).&nbsp;

Iran supplied more than a tenth of its oil needs. The shortfall will be made from alternate supply sources available in Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, UAE and Mexico. Oil Minister Dharmendra Pradhan had said "a robust plan for an adequate supply of crude oil to Indian refineries" is in place. &nbsp;

The US on Monday assured India that it was working with countries like Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates to ensure oil supplies following imports drying up in the wake of US sanctions impacting New Delhi, reported news agency ANI.

The US on Monday assured India that it was working with countries like Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates to ensure oil supplies following imports drying up in the wake of US sanctions impacting New Delhi, reported news agency ANI. US Ambassador to India Kenneth Juster made public the assurance after Trade Secretary Wilbur Ross held a meeting with Finance Minister Arun Jaitley at the North Block in which India`s concerns over oil supplies getting deeply impacted following the US sanctions on oil imports from Iran by other countries. Juster, who accompanied Ross, said the US was working with other countries like Saudi Arabia and UAE to ensure adequate oil supplies to India. On his part, Ross said "Iran is a problem if you have seen recent terrorism incidents and we should be doing whatever we can against terrorism. "To a question, he replied it was premature to talk about Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in e-commerce which he said he would discuss with Suresh Prabhu. India was forced to stop importing crude oil from Iran May 2 after the US ended sanction waivers on countries importing oil from Teheran. The Trump administration decided not to renew waiver that let countries like India buy Iranian oil without facing US sanctions. New Delhi was expected to press the US government for continuation of Iranian supplies. India was the second biggest buyer of Iranian crude oil after China. It bought some 24 million tonnes of crude oil from Iran in the fiscal ended March 31 (2018-19). Iran supplied more than a tenth of its oil needs. The shortfall will be made from alternate supply sources available in Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, UAE and Mexico. Oil Minister Dharmendra Pradhan had said "a robust plan for an adequate supply of crude oil to Indian refineries" is in place.

Working with Saudi Arabia, UAE to ensure oil supplies to India: US

The in-house committee led by Justice S A Bobde on Monday gave a clean chit to Chief Justice of India Ranjan Gogoi in a sexual harassment case.&nbsp;

The committee, also comprises Justices Indu Malhotra and Indira Banerjee, said it found no substance in the sexual harassment allegations against CJI Ranjan Gogoi.&nbsp;

The Chief Justice appeared before the panel on May 1.&nbsp;

The committee has found "no substance" in the allegations of sexual harassment levelled against CJI by a former woman employee of the apex court.

<div class="videoWrapper trancodeVideo"><iframe allowfullscreen="" autoplay="1" class="includeVideo" frameborder="0" height="350" src="https://www.wionews.com/videos/wion-gravitas-sexual-harassment-allegations-against-cji-213533/embed" style="width:100%;max-width:560px;" width="560"></iframe></div>

A notice by the office of Supreme Court Secretary-General also said that the report of the committee constituted as part of the In-House procedure is not liable to be made public.

The In-House Inquiry committee has submitted its report dated May 5, 2019 in accordance with the In-House procedure, to the next senior judge, after Justice Bobde who is competent to receive the report and also sent a copy to the judge concerned, namely the Chief Justice of India, it said.

(With inputs from PTI)

The in-house committee led by Justice S A Bobde on Monday gave a clean chit to Chief Justice of India Ranjan Gogoi in a sexual harassment case. The committee, also comprises Justices Indu Malhotra and Indira Banerjee, said it found no substance in the sexual harassment allegations against CJI Ranjan Gogoi.

The in-house committee led by Justice S A Bobde on Monday gave a clean chit to Chief Justice of India Ranjan Gogoi in a sexual harassment case. The committee, also comprises Justices Indu Malhotra and Indira Banerjee, said it found no substance in the sexual harassment allegations against CJI Ranjan Gogoi. The Chief Justice appeared before the panel on May 1. The committee has found "no substance" in the allegations of sexual harassment levelled against CJI by a former woman employee of the apex court. A notice by the office of Supreme Court Secretary-General also said that the report of the committee constituted as part of the In-House procedure is not liable to be made public. The In-House Inquiry committee has submitted its report dated May 5, 2019 in accordance with the In-House procedure, to the next senior judge, after Justice Bobde who is competent to receive the report and also sent a copy to the judge concerned, namely the Chief Justice of India, it said. (With inputs from PTI)

CJI Ranjan Gogoi gets clean chit in sexual harassment case by Supreme Court's in-house panel

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CJI Ranjan Gogoi gets clean chit in sexual harassment case by Supreme Court's in-house panel