Why should only humans have all the fun? Tigers need their time to be individualistic as well. They&nbsp;are not just meat-chomping, mean, killing machines as we think. You wouldn't exactly see a tiger writing poetry, but it's now reasonably clear that tigers may have a little variance in their personalities.

A study has now put its seal of approval on this idea. Published on Wednesday (April 5) in the journal Royal Society Open Science, the study observed behaviour of 248 Siberian tigers through a personality test. Again, the mental image of tigers sitting dilligently to mark answers on paper is probably far from what actually happened.

"We found that tigers are very individual and that people who've worked with them and know them well see their individual personalities," co-author Rosalind Arden of the London School of Economics told AFP news agency.

A commonly used human personality test was adapted for this study. Using the test, tiger traits were explored. The traits were confidence, sincerity, bullying and savagery.

Questionnaires with a list of 70 personality indicators were filled out by veterinarians and feeders who work with the tigers on a daily basis.

The combined results revealed that the tigers displayed characteristics that fell into two overarching personality categories: Majesty and steadiness.

Tigers scoring higher for "majesty" were healthier, preyed more on live animals, and ate and mated more.

They were also "regarded by their human raters as having higher group status among tigers," the study said.

But being collaborative and gentler had its evolutionary benefits too: "steady" tigers were shown to be gentler, more sincere and more loving.

Such traits may play a role in the unusual length of time -- two to three years -- that tiger cubs remain with their mothers.

The study found very few sex-related differences in tigers' personalities, and father tigers have also been observed taking part in raising their young.

"It's pleasant to see that you don't have to be dominant, fierce, competitive and aggressive in order to succeed as a tiger," said Arden.

The study may be an amusing one to a common reader. But it's probably a bad idea to try to deduce whether the tiger that suddenly appeared before you in the wild is gentle or not. Just scoot.

(With inputs from agencies)

 
&nbsp;

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Why should only humans have all the fun? Tigers need their time to be individualistic as well. They are not just meat-chomping, mean, killing machines as we think.

Why should only humans have all the fun? Tigers need their time to be individualistic as well. They are not just meat-chomping, mean, killing machines as we think. You wouldn't exactly see a tiger writing poetry, but it's now reasonably clear that tigers may have a little variance in their personalities. A study has now put its seal of approval on this idea. Published on Wednesday (April 5) in the journal Royal Society Open Science, the study observed behaviour of 248 Siberian tigers through a personality test. Again, the mental image of tigers sitting dilligently to mark answers on paper is probably far from what actually happened. "We found that tigers are very individual and that people who've worked with them and know them well see their individual personalities," co-author Rosalind Arden of the London School of Economics told AFP news agency. A commonly used human personality test was adapted for this study. Using the test, tiger traits were explored. The traits were confidence, sincerity, bullying and savagery. Questionnaires with a list of 70 personality indicators were filled out by veterinarians and feeders who work with the tigers on a daily basis. The combined results revealed that the tigers displayed characteristics that fell into two overarching personality categories: Majesty and steadiness. Tigers scoring higher for "majesty" were healthier, preyed more on live animals, and ate and mated more. They were also "regarded by their human raters as having higher group status among tigers," the study said. But being collaborative and gentler had its evolutionary benefits too: "steady" tigers were shown to be gentler, more sincere and more loving. Such traits may play a role in the unusual length of time -- two to three years -- that tiger cubs remain with their mothers. The study found very few sex-related differences in tigers' personalities, and father tigers have also been observed taking part in raising their young. "It's pleasant to see that you don't have to be dominant, fierce, competitive and aggressive in order to succeed as a tiger," said Arden. The study may be an amusing one to a common reader. But it's probably a bad idea to try to deduce whether the tiger that suddenly appeared before you in the wild is gentle or not. Just scoot. (With inputs from agencies) WATCH WION LIVE HERE You can now write for wionews.com and be a part of the community. Share your stories and opinions with us here.

Tigers have unique personalities, just like humans, reveals a study

The BBC has a long-running end-of-the-year sports review programme called Spoty that selects the Sports Personality of the Year. It is still one of sports' most coveted honours. The award goes to "the sportsperson whose sporting actions have most captured the UK public's imagination during 2022," according to the official announcement.&nbsp;

<h2>Who are the nominees of The Sports Personality of the Year 2022?</h2>

After a historic year for women's sport, Lioness Beth Mead is at the top of the first-ever gender-equal shortlist for the BBC Sports Personality of the Year (Spoty). Mead, an Arsenal winger who won the Euros, is one of three women among the six candidates for the 69th award, which will be given out on Wednesday. The Olympic gold medalist in gymnastics Jessica Gadirova and the curling player Eve Muirhead, who ended her career by winning gold at the Beijing Winter Olympics earlier this year, are also on the shortlist.

Ben Stokes, a World Cup-winning cricketer who earned the Spoty award in 2019, Ronnie O'Sullivan, a seven-time world champion in snooker, and Jake Wightman, who raced to an unexpected 1500-meter gold at the World Championships in July, are also there.

The BBC has previously come under fire for the paucity of female winners at Spoty, but they may soon have two consecutive female champions on their hands. Mead is considered the clear favourite to win the title this year following her exploits for England at the home Euros, when she won the golden boot. Emma Raducanu, who won the honour in 2021 after her victory at the US Open at the age of 18, was the first woman to do so in 15 years. The majority of the candidates are anticipated to attend the ceremony on Wednesday, along with hundreds of other celebrities, including numerous Lionesses, Dame Jessica Ennis-Hill, and Sir Chris Hoy.

<h2>Other titles&nbsp;</h2>

Team of the Year, Coach of the Year, Young Sports Personality of the Year, Helen Rollason Award for remarkable performance in the face of hardship and Unsung Hero of the Year are among the other awards presented that evening. Usain Bolt, a former sprinting champion, will get the lifetime achievement award, while Lionel Messi has been chosen as the world's sports star of the year.

<h2>When and where The Sports Personality of the Year 2022 event will be held?</h2>

Voting will be available to the public on December 21 during the broadcast event. The programme airs on BBC One. Live coverage of the event will come from Salford's Media City. The coverage will start at 6.45 PM GMT and end at 9 PM GMT.

<h2>Where to watch live streaming?&nbsp;</h2>

Live coverage of the programme will be available on BBC One and BBC iPlayer. After serving as the principal presenter at the World Cup in Qatar, Gary Lineker will host the programme with Clare Balding, Gabby Logan, and Alex Scott. You may also keep up with the event by reading our live blog. The winner will be announced during a live show on BBC One on Wednesday.&nbsp;

<h2>How is Spoty shortlist selected?</h2>

An independent group of experts, which this year comprised former Olympian Denise Lewis, Paralympian Kelly Gallagher, and former snooker star Stephen Hendry, will choose the shortlist. Ultimately, during the TV broadcast, viewers will vote to choose the winner.

<h2>Last year's award of&nbsp;The Sports Personality of the Year&nbsp;</h2>

Emma Raducanu, a tennis pro who is 19 years old and from Bromley, won the US Open to become the first woman to receive the honour in 15 years. Tom Daley, who finished in second place, and Adam Peaty, who finished in third, were beaten by Raducanu. Her victory in her first grand slam broke several tennis records: she was the first qualifier to win a major, the first player to succeed in their second main-draw match, the first women's champion in 44 years, and the youngest in more than 60. Prior to her early retirement owing to lung problems at Wimbledon, she was the youngest British woman to make it to the round of 16 during the Open era.

The BBC has a long-running end-of-the-year sports review programme called Spoty that selects the Sports Personality of the Year. It is still one of sports' most coveted honours.

The BBC has a long-running end-of-the-year sports review programme called Spoty that selects the Sports Personality of the Year. It is still one of sports' most coveted honours. The award goes to "the sportsperson whose sporting actions have most captured the UK public's imagination during 2022," according to the official announcement. Who are the nominees of The Sports Personality of the Year 2022? After a historic year for women's sport, Lioness Beth Mead is at the top of the first-ever gender-equal shortlist for the BBC Sports Personality of the Year (Spoty). Mead, an Arsenal winger who won the Euros, is one of three women among the six candidates for the 69th award, which will be given out on Wednesday. The Olympic gold medalist in gymnastics Jessica Gadirova and the curling player Eve Muirhead, who ended her career by winning gold at the Beijing Winter Olympics earlier this year, are also on the shortlist. Ben Stokes, a World Cup-winning cricketer who earned the Spoty award in 2019, Ronnie O'Sullivan, a seven-time world champion in snooker, and Jake Wightman, who raced to an unexpected 1500-meter gold at the World Championships in July, are also there. The BBC has previously come under fire for the paucity of female winners at Spoty, but they may soon have two consecutive female champions on their hands. Mead is considered the clear favourite to win the title this year following her exploits for England at the home Euros, when she won the golden boot. Emma Raducanu, who won the honour in 2021 after her victory at the US Open at the age of 18, was the first woman to do so in 15 years. The majority of the candidates are anticipated to attend the ceremony on Wednesday, along with hundreds of other celebrities, including numerous Lionesses, Dame Jessica Ennis-Hill, and Sir Chris Hoy. Other titles Team of the Year, Coach of the Year, Young Sports Personality of the Year, Helen Rollason Award for remarkable performance in the face of hardship and Unsung Hero of the Year are among the other awards presented that evening. Usain Bolt, a former sprinting champion, will get the lifetime achievement award, while Lionel Messi has been chosen as the world's sports star of the year. When and where The Sports Personality of the Year 2022 event will be held? Voting will be available to the public on December 21 during the broadcast event. The programme airs on BBC One. Live coverage of the event will come from Salford's Media City. The coverage will start at 6.45 PM GMT and end at 9 PM GMT. Where to watch live streaming? Live coverage of the programme will be available on BBC One and BBC iPlayer. After serving as the principal presenter at the World Cup in Qatar, Gary Lineker will host the programme with Clare Balding, Gabby Logan, and Alex Scott. You may also keep up with the event by reading our live blog. The winner will be announced during a live show on BBC One on Wednesday. How is Spoty shortlist selected? An independent group of experts, which this year comprised former Olympian Denise Lewis, Paralympian Kelly Gallagher, and former snooker star Stephen Hendry, will choose the shortlist. Ultimately, during the TV broadcast, viewers will vote to choose the winner. Last year's award of The Sports Personality of the Year Emma Raducanu, a tennis pro who is 19 years old and from Bromley, won the US Open to become the first woman to receive the honour in 15 years. Tom Daley, who finished in second place, and Adam Peaty, who finished in third, were beaten by Raducanu. Her victory in her first grand slam broke several tennis records: she was the first qualifier to win a major, the first player to succeed in their second main-draw match, the first women's champion in 44 years, and the youngest in more than 60. Prior to her early retirement owing to lung problems at Wimbledon, she was the youngest British woman to make it to the round of 16 during the Open era.

Sports Personality of the Year 2022 to get live today, check nominees, voting and live streaming details

Most parents can remember the subtle mix of excitement and anxiety accompanying the choice of their baby&rsquo;s name &ndash; it will follow the child his or her entire life. But the effect could be even more significant. In research recently published in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, our research team shows that the stereotype that a given society has of a first name can influence the way people look.

In eight studies, we found that participants shown ID-style photos of people they&rsquo;d never met were able to recognise the first name of the depicted person well above the chance level. For example, let&rsquo;s say you live in North America and are shown a picture of a woman whose name is Emily (you aren&rsquo;t given this information). Below her image four possible first names are listed: Claire, Deborah, Emily and Melissa. Assuming that the first names are equally common in North America in/around the year that the person was born, study participants should pick the correct name approximately 25% of the time &ndash; in other words, by chance. What we found is that participants typically choose the depicted person&rsquo;s true first name 35% to 40% of the time. In other words, there is something about an Emily that&hellip;just looks like an Emily.

If an Emily really does look like an Emily, even a computer should be able to guess her true name. And that is what we find, across dozens of names. We had a computer analyse almost 100,000 ID portraits of French people. Across the board, the computer was able to recognise the person&rsquo;s true first name above the rate of pure chance. In fact, the computer was even able to produce a &ldquo;heat map&rdquo; for each name, a face with the features that &ldquo;betray&rdquo; a person carrying that name shown in warm colours.&nbsp;

How should we understand this effect? Until now, social psychologists knew that our facial appearance influences the extent to which others perceive us as attractive, intelligent, trustworthy or warm. This study shows that others&rsquo; perceptions of our first name is reflected in our faces.

How is that possible? Our theory is that when a child receives a first name, it comes loaded with a number of social expectations, inferences and interactions. It is possible that this child be treated as though s/he has certain personality traits &ndash; for example, a Katherine may be a good student, while an Allison may be mischievous. The social attitude toward a first name, along with its continuous pressure on the person wearing that name, can influence the perception that the name-wearer has of themselves, and end up weighing on the development of their appearance. For instance, Allison may end up adopting a hairstyle, expressions or specific facial traits (eg. smile lines) consistent with the stereotype of an Allison that her cultural group has in mind.

Self-fulfilling prophecy is already well documented as far as personality is concerned. For example, given the stereotype that Chinese people tend to excel at mathematics, a Chinese woman being reminded of the fact she is Chinese tends to perceive herself as better at the subject compared to a Chinese woman being reminded of the fact that she is a woman. What is new with our research is it shows our tendency to adhere to social stereotypes ends up appearing on our face, at least via the social cues that our first name represents. This may happen either directly (e.g. Allison wears her hair down; Angelina ties it up) or work via the effect of a first name on people&rsquo;s personality (e.g. a first name may be associated with someone who is open-minded, which would then translate on a more open-looking face).

We therefore identify a type of Dorian Gray effect, from the lead protagonist in Oscar Wilde&rsquo;s novel, whose portrait evolves as he carries out dark acts. The fact that our first name, chosen by others for us, shapes our appearance in adulthood suggests a powerful social structuring that affects us from early on in our life.

Social structuring

The face-name effect &ndash; the fact that we recognise the first name of someone we don&rsquo;t know beyond chance level &ndash; does have its limits. These limits further illustrate the self-fulfilling mechanism behind it.

First of all, we find that individuals of a given culture display the face-name effect when looking at pictures of individuals from their culture, but no longer recognise the name when the pictures are of individuals from another culture. In one of our studies, we asked French and Israeli participants to recognise the true name of French and Israeli people they did not know. The face-name effect occurred for French people confronted with French faces, as well as for Israelis confronted with Israeli faces. It did not occur for French people confronted with Israeli faces or Israelis confronted with French faces. In other words, perceivers no longer recognised the depicted people&rsquo;s true name above chance level when the latter were not from their culture.

In another study we found that if the people depicted do not use their first name socially, but instead exclusively use a nickname (eg. Charlotte does not go by Charlotte, but by &ldquo;Chachou&rdquo;), the face-name effect disappears, and people no longer recognise Charlotte as a Charlotte. Again, this is consistent with the fact that the name-wearer undergoes a social pressure when she or he morphs their face to tend toward the social stereotype of their first name. When exclusively using a nickname, for which there is no shared stereotype, this pressure disappears.

Finally, the face-name effect occurs even if we can only see the hair of a person. Our hair is possibly the part of our face that we control with the most ease. The fact that this alone can produce the face-name effect further illustrates the suspected self-fulfilling mechanism behind it.

Together, the eight studies suggest that we wear our social belonging on our face, and that we actively shape our features to be recognised by our reference group. Choosing baby names remains exciting. Whatever the first name you give to your child, he or she will end up wearing it.&nbsp;

(Disclaimer: The opinions expressed above are the personal views of the author and do not reflect the views of ZMCL)

Eight studies have found that when people were shown ID-style photos of people they'd never met, they were often able to correctly select the person's first name.

Most parents can remember the subtle mix of excitement and anxiety accompanying the choice of their baby’s name – it will follow the child his or her entire life. But the effect could be even more significant. In research recently published in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, our research team shows that the stereotype that a given society has of a first name can influence the way people look. In eight studies, we found that participants shown ID-style photos of people they’d never met were able to recognise the first name of the depicted person well above the chance level. For example, let’s say you live in North America and are shown a picture of a woman whose name is Emily (you aren’t given this information). Below her image four possible first names are listed: Claire, Deborah, Emily and Melissa. Assuming that the first names are equally common in North America in/around the year that the person was born, study participants should pick the correct name approximately 25% of the time – in other words, by chance. What we found is that participants typically choose the depicted person’s true first name 35% to 40% of the time. In other words, there is something about an Emily that…just looks like an Emily. If an Emily really does look like an Emily, even a computer should be able to guess her true name. And that is what we find, across dozens of names. We had a computer analyse almost 100,000 ID portraits of French people. Across the board, the computer was able to recognise the person’s true first name above the rate of pure chance. In fact, the computer was even able to produce a “heat map” for each name, a face with the features that “betray” a person carrying that name shown in warm colours. How should we understand this effect? Until now, social psychologists knew that our facial appearance influences the extent to which others perceive us as attractive, intelligent, trustworthy or warm. This study shows that others’ perceptions of our first name is reflected in our faces. How is that possible? Our theory is that when a child receives a first name, it comes loaded with a number of social expectations, inferences and interactions. It is possible that this child be treated as though s/he has certain personality traits – for example, a Katherine may be a good student, while an Allison may be mischievous. The social attitude toward a first name, along with its continuous pressure on the person wearing that name, can influence the perception that the name-wearer has of themselves, and end up weighing on the development of their appearance. For instance, Allison may end up adopting a hairstyle, expressions or specific facial traits (eg. smile lines) consistent with the stereotype of an Allison that her cultural group has in mind. Self-fulfilling prophecy is already well documented as far as personality is concerned. For example, given the stereotype that Chinese people tend to excel at mathematics, a Chinese woman being reminded of the fact she is Chinese tends to perceive herself as better at the subject compared to a Chinese woman being reminded of the fact that she is a woman. What is new with our research is it shows our tendency to adhere to social stereotypes ends up appearing on our face, at least via the social cues that our first name represents. This may happen either directly (e.g. Allison wears her hair down; Angelina ties it up) or work via the effect of a first name on people’s personality (e.g. a first name may be associated with someone who is open-minded, which would then translate on a more open-looking face). We therefore identify a type of Dorian Gray effect, from the lead protagonist in Oscar Wilde’s novel, whose portrait evolves as he carries out dark acts. The fact that our first name, chosen by others for us, shapes our appearance in adulthood suggests a powerful social structuring that affects us from early on in our life. Social structuring The face-name effect – the fact that we recognise the first name of someone we don’t know beyond chance level – does have its limits. These limits further illustrate the self-fulfilling mechanism behind it. First of all, we find that individuals of a given culture display the face-name effect when looking at pictures of individuals from their culture, but no longer recognise the name when the pictures are of individuals from another culture. In one of our studies, we asked French and Israeli participants to recognise the true name of French and Israeli people they did not know. The face-name effect occurred for French people confronted with French faces, as well as for Israelis confronted with Israeli faces. It did not occur for French people confronted with Israeli faces or Israelis confronted with French faces. In other words, perceivers no longer recognised the depicted people’s true name above chance level when the latter were not from their culture. In another study we found that if the people depicted do not use their first name socially, but instead exclusively use a nickname (eg. Charlotte does not go by Charlotte, but by “Chachou”), the face-name effect disappears, and people no longer recognise Charlotte as a Charlotte. Again, this is consistent with the fact that the name-wearer undergoes a social pressure when she or he morphs their face to tend toward the social stereotype of their first name. When exclusively using a nickname, for which there is no shared stereotype, this pressure disappears. Finally, the face-name effect occurs even if we can only see the hair of a person. Our hair is possibly the part of our face that we control with the most ease. The fact that this alone can produce the face-name effect further illustrates the suspected self-fulfilling mechanism behind it. Together, the eight studies suggest that we wear our social belonging on our face, and that we actively shape our features to be recognised by our reference group. Choosing baby names remains exciting. Whatever the first name you give to your child, he or she will end up wearing it. (Disclaimer: The opinions expressed above are the personal views of the author and do not reflect the views of ZMCL)

Opinion: People's perceptions of our first name is reflected in our faces

Jeff Bezos, the founder and chief executive of Amazon.com Inc, has become the world&#39;s third-richest person as of the market close for the first time, Forbes magazine said, passing Warren Buffett, the chairman and chief executive of Berkshire Hathaway Inc. 
 
Bezos&#39; fortune was $65.3 billion as of 4:30 pm EDT on Thursday, compared with Buffett&#39;s $64.9 billion. 
 
Microsoft Corp co-founder Bill Gates remained the world&#39;s richest person, at $77.7 billion, while Spain&#39;s Amancio Ortega, who founded the Zara clothing chain&#39;s owner Inditex SA, was second at $72.7 billion. Facebook Inc co-founder and chief executive Mark Zuckerberg was fifth, at $54 billion. 
 
Bezos, 52, owns close to 18 per cent of Amazon. Its stock has risen by roughly 50 per cent since early February, as the world&#39;s largest online retailer continued to upend retailing as more people took to the Web rather than the mall to shop. 
 
Amazon&#39;s share price rose further in after-hours trading, after the Seattle-based company reported better-than-expected second-quarter results. 
 
Buffett, 85, owns close to 18 per cent of Berkshire, but his donation this month of $2.86 billion of Berkshire stock to the Bill &amp; Melinda Gates Foundation and four family charities led to his drop to fourth place. He has donated more than $24.3 billion to the Gates Foundation and family charities since 2006. 
 
Berkshire is based in Omaha, Nebraska, and has roughly 90 business units including Geico car insurance, the BNSF railroad and Dairy Queen ice cream. 
 
In June, Buffett called Bezos a &quot;classic example&quot; of how a business owner could thrive, by having focused at Amazon on how to &quot;delight&quot; customers, and keep them coming back, rather than simply process their orders. 
 
(Reuters)

Microsoft Corp co-founder Bill Gates remained the world's richest person, at $77.7 billion

Jeff Bezos, the founder and chief executive of Amazon.com Inc, has become the world's third-richest person as of the market close for the first time, Forbes magazine said, passing Warren Buffett, the chairman and chief executive of Berkshire Hathaway Inc. Bezos' fortune was $65.3 billion as of 4:30 pm EDT on Thursday, compared with Buffett's $64.9 billion. Microsoft Corp co-founder Bill Gates remained the world's richest person, at $77.7 billion, while Spain's Amancio Ortega, who founded the Zara clothing chain's owner Inditex SA, was second at $72.7 billion. Facebook Inc co-founder and chief executive Mark Zuckerberg was fifth, at $54 billion. Bezos, 52, owns close to 18 per cent of Amazon. Its stock has risen by roughly 50 per cent since early February, as the world's largest online retailer continued to upend retailing as more people took to the Web rather than the mall to shop. Amazon's share price rose further in after-hours trading, after the Seattle-based company reported better-than-expected second-quarter results. Buffett, 85, owns close to 18 per cent of Berkshire, but his donation this month of $2.86 billion of Berkshire stock to the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and four family charities led to his drop to fourth place. He has donated more than $24.3 billion to the Gates Foundation and family charities since 2006. Berkshire is based in Omaha, Nebraska, and has roughly 90 business units including Geico car insurance, the BNSF railroad and Dairy Queen ice cream. In June, Buffett called Bezos a "classic example" of how a business owner could thrive, by having focused at Amazon on how to "delight" customers, and keep them coming back, rather than simply process their orders. (Reuters)

Bezos passes Buffett, becomes third-richest person: Forbes

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