Russia has officially offered India access to its advanced floating nuclear power plant (FNPP) technology, a move that could significantly impact India's energy landscape. WION's Senior correspondent Siddharth MP brings you this exclusive report from on board the world's first floating nuclear power plant.

India to buy Russia's floating nuclear plants?

Germany has decided to shut down its last three nuclear power plants, while many Germans have been vocally anti-atomic since the beginning of the civil nuclear program. The fuel shortages due to the Russia-Ukraine war also threw a spanner over the decision.

Germany to shut down last three nuclear power plants; new plan to focus on renewable energy

<p>Seoul and Warsaw on Monday signed a deal to develop a nuclear power reactor in Poland, the ministries from both countries announced.&nbsp;</p>

<p>Reportedly, in the outlined agreement&nbsp;signed by&nbsp;Poland’s Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of State Assets Jacek Sasin and South Korea’s Trade, Industry and Energy Minister Lee Chang-Yang - it has been noted that the entire structure will be built using South Korean technology.</p>

<p>Poland's ZE PAK and&nbsp;PGE have joined forces with Korea Hydro &amp; Nuclear Power (KHNP) to assess the viability of constructing the 1400-megawatt nuclear reactor in the city of Patnow in central Poland.&nbsp;</p>

<p><a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/poland-open-to-host-nuclear-weapons-on-its-soil-to-deter-russia-reports-522764"><strong>Read more:&nbsp;Poland approached US with offer to host its nuclear weapons: Reports</strong></a></p>

<p>“The construction of the nuclear power plant will support the country's key nuclear energy program,”&nbsp;said Sasin.&nbsp;</p>

<p>"We welcome the information that ZE PAK and PGE have entered into talks with KHNP, which will further strengthen relations between Poland and South Korea," he added.&nbsp;</p>

<p><a href="https://www.wionews.com/videos/poland-approaches-us-about-sharing-nukes-latter-says-unaware-of-polands-aspirations-522833"><strong>WATCH |&nbsp;Poland approaches US about sharing nukes, latter says 'unaware of Poland's aspirations'</strong></a></p>

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<p>The development comes a couple of days after&nbsp;Polish Prime Minister Mateusz Morawiecki announced the construction of the first nuclear power station in the country with the help of a United States company.</p>

<p><a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/us-firm-will-build-polands-first-nuclear-power-plant-529294"><strong>Read more:&nbsp;Poland selects US firm for construction of country's first nuclear power plant</strong></a></p>

<p>"We confirm our nuclear energy project will use the reliable, safe technology of @WECNuclear," Morawiecki said on Twitter.</p>

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<p dir="ltr" lang="en">A strong 🇵🇱-🇺🇸alliance guarantees the success of our joint initiatives. After talks with <a href="https://twitter.com/VP?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">@VP</a> K.Harris and <a href="https://twitter.com/SecGranholm?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">@SecGranholm</a> we confirm our nuclear energy project will use the reliable, safe technology of <a href="https://twitter.com/WECNuclear?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">@WECNuclear</a>. Thank you <a href="https://twitter.com/USAmbPoland?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">@USAmbPoland</a>. Council of Ministers resolution on Wednesday</p>
— Mateusz Morawiecki (@MorawieckiM) <a href="https://twitter.com/MorawieckiM/status/1586077189920854016?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">October 28, 2022</a></blockquote>
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<p>"U.S. partnership on this project is advantageous for us all: we can address the climate crisis, strengthen European energy security, and deepen the U.S.-Poland strategic relationship," Vice President Kamala Harris also said in a tweet.</p>

<p>According to a senior US&nbsp;government official, the choice of Westinghouse and the United States was a signal to Russian President Vladimir Putin "about the strength and the meshing together of a US-Poland alliance."&nbsp;</p>

<p><em>(With inputs from agencies)</em></p>

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Seoul and Warsaw on Monday signed a deal to develop a nuclear power reactor in Poland, the ministries from both countries announced. Reportedly, in the outlined agreement signed by Poland’s Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of State Assets Jacek Sasin and South Korea’s Trade, Industry and Energy Minister Lee Chang-Yang - it has been noted that the entire structure will be built using South Korean technology.

Seoul and Warsaw on Monday signed a deal to develop a nuclear power reactor in Poland, the ministries from both countries announced. Reportedly, in the outlined agreement signed by Poland’s Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of State Assets Jacek Sasin and South Korea’s Trade, Industry and Energy Minister Lee Chang-Yang - it has been noted that the entire structure will be built using South Korean technology. Poland's ZE PAK and PGE have joined forces with Korea Hydro & Nuclear Power (KHNP) to assess the viability of constructing the 1400-megawatt nuclear reactor in the city of Patnow in central Poland. Read more: Poland approached US with offer to host its nuclear weapons: Reports “The construction of the nuclear power plant will support the country's key nuclear energy program,” said Sasin. "We welcome the information that ZE PAK and PGE have entered into talks with KHNP, which will further strengthen relations between Poland and South Korea," he added. WATCH | Poland approaches US about sharing nukes, latter says 'unaware of Poland's aspirations' × The development comes a couple of days after Polish Prime Minister Mateusz Morawiecki announced the construction of the first nuclear power station in the country with the help of a United States company. Read more: Poland selects US firm for construction of country's first nuclear power plant "We confirm our nuclear energy project will use the reliable, safe technology of @WECNuclear," Morawiecki said on Twitter. A strong 🇵🇱-🇺🇸alliance guarantees the success of our joint initiatives. After talks with @VP K.Harris and @SecGranholm we confirm our nuclear energy project will use the reliable, safe technology of @WECNuclear. Thank you @USAmbPoland. Council of Ministers resolution on Wednesday — Mateusz Morawiecki (@MorawieckiM) October 28, 2022 × "U.S. partnership on this project is advantageous for us all: we can address the climate crisis, strengthen European energy security, and deepen the U.S.-Poland strategic relationship," Vice President Kamala Harris also said in a tweet. According to a senior US government official, the choice of Westinghouse and the United States was a signal to Russian President Vladimir Putin "about the strength and the meshing together of a US-Poland alliance." (With inputs from agencies) WATCH WION LIVE HERE:

Warsaw, Seoul ink deal to develop nuclear power plant in Poland

<p>The information gathered over the past six decades demonstrates that nuclear power is a secure way to produce electricity. Nuclear power facilities have a low and decreasing accident risk. Water is used by nuclear power facilities to keep themselves cool.</p>

<p>Water is used for cooling in the most popular nuclear power plants in two different ways: first, to transfer heat from the reactor core to the steam turbines, and second, to remove and discard extra heat from this steam circuit.</p>

<p>High water temperatures put additional strain on operators at a time when half of their reactors are offline owing to maintenance and corrosion difficulties, threatening to lower several countries' already abnormally low nuclear output.</p>

<p>Temperatures in the valley between the Rhone and Garrone rivers have soared in recent days and are predicted to reach approximately 40 degrees Celsius on Friday and stay above seasonal averages until the start of next week.</p>

<p>River water is frequently used to cool reactors before being returned at a higher temperature, which is an issue. In order to prevent hot water entering rivers again from harming wildlife, reactor output is restricted during periods of extreme heat.</p>

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<h5>In the newest illustration of the far-reaching impacts of the current heatwave in Europe, a nuclear power plant in Switzerland is reducing its production to avoid the river that cools it reaching temperatures deadly to marine life.</h5>
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<p>The Rhône's water has become too hot for the job amid a slow-burning heat wave that has killed hundreds and caused severe wildfires throughout Western Europe. Add to this, the already low water levels brought on by the drought. Reactors can no longer be cooled without releasing water downstream that is so hot that it kills aquatic life.</p>

<p>Nuclear power is typically seen as the least perturbable of all the low-carbon energy sources that would likely be required to combat climate change. When the weather is unfavourable for other carbon-free energy sources like wind and solar, it is the backup that is called in. However, there are specific climatic concerns specific to the nuclear sector.</p>

<p>Hotter rivers have an impact on many other industries, including large factories and coal- and gas-powered power plants. However, nuclear power plants are exceptional due to their enormous size and crucial role in maintaining operational energy grids in countries like France. In addition, they confront other effects of climate change besides warming and shrinking rivers. Rising sea levels and more frequent and strong storms increase the risk of flooding along the beaches. Other, uncommon issues have also been mentioned by scientists, such as increased algal bloom frequency and skyrocketing jellyfish numbers, which can choke water pipelines.<br />
<br />
<em>(With inputs from agencies)</em></p>

<p><strong>WATCH WION LIVE HERE</strong></p>

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<p>You can <strong>now write for wionews.com</strong> and be a part of the community. Share your stories and opinions with us <strong><a href="https://www.wionews.com/content-contribution-registration-form">here</a>.</strong></p>


The information gathered over the past six decades demonstrates that nuclear power is a secure way to produce electricity. Nuclear power facilities have a low and decreasing accident risk.

The information gathered over the past six decades demonstrates that nuclear power is a secure way to produce electricity. Nuclear power facilities have a low and decreasing accident risk. Water is used by nuclear power facilities to keep themselves cool. Water is used for cooling in the most popular nuclear power plants in two different ways: first, to transfer heat from the reactor core to the steam turbines, and second, to remove and discard extra heat from this steam circuit. High water temperatures put additional strain on operators at a time when half of their reactors are offline owing to maintenance and corrosion difficulties, threatening to lower several countries' already abnormally low nuclear output. Temperatures in the valley between the Rhone and Garrone rivers have soared in recent days and are predicted to reach approximately 40 degrees Celsius on Friday and stay above seasonal averages until the start of next week. River water is frequently used to cool reactors before being returned at a higher temperature, which is an issue. In order to prevent hot water entering rivers again from harming wildlife, reactor output is restricted during periods of extreme heat. In the newest illustration of the far-reaching impacts of the current heatwave in Europe, a nuclear power plant in Switzerland is reducing its production to avoid the river that cools it reaching temperatures deadly to marine life. × The Rhône's water has become too hot for the job amid a slow-burning heat wave that has killed hundreds and caused severe wildfires throughout Western Europe. Add to this, the already low water levels brought on by the drought. Reactors can no longer be cooled without releasing water downstream that is so hot that it kills aquatic life. Nuclear power is typically seen as the least perturbable of all the low-carbon energy sources that would likely be required to combat climate change. When the weather is unfavourable for other carbon-free energy sources like wind and solar, it is the backup that is called in. However, there are specific climatic concerns specific to the nuclear sector. Hotter rivers have an impact on many other industries, including large factories and coal- and gas-powered power plants. However, nuclear power plants are exceptional due to their enormous size and crucial role in maintaining operational energy grids in countries like France. In addition, they confront other effects of climate change besides warming and shrinking rivers. Rising sea levels and more frequent and strong storms increase the risk of flooding along the beaches. Other, uncommon issues have also been mentioned by scientists, such as increased algal bloom frequency and skyrocketing jellyfish numbers, which can choke water pipelines. (With inputs from agencies) WATCH WION LIVE HERE You can now write for wionews.com and be a part of the community. Share your stories and opinions with us here.

Warming rivers threaten nuclear plants and already tight power supply 

<p>The United States and India on Wednesday agreed to strengthen security and civil nuclear cooperation, including building six US&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/india-news/india-russia-agree-to-develop-six-nuclear-power-plant-projects-169664">nuclear power plants in India,</a> the two countries said in a joint statement.</p>

<p>The agreement came after two days of talks in Washington. The United States under President Donald Trump has been looking to sell more energy products to India, the world’s third-biggest buyer of oil.</p>

<p>The talks involved Indian Foreign Secretary Vijay Gokhale and Andrea Thompson, the U.S. undersecretary of state for arms control and international security.</p>

<p>“They committed to strengthening bilateral security and civil nuclear cooperation, including the establishment of six US&nbsp;nuclear power plants in India,” the joint statement said.</p>

<p>It gave no further details of the nuclear plant project.</p>

<p>The two countries have been discussing the supply of U.S. nuclear reactors to energy-hungry India for more than a decade, but a longstanding obstacle has been the need to bring Indian liability rules in-line with international norms, which require the costs of any accident to be channelled to the operator rather than the maker of a nuclear power station.</p>

<p>Pittsburgh-based Westinghouse has been negotiating to build reactors in India for years, but progress has been slow, partly because of India’s nuclear liability legislation, and the project was thrown into doubt when Westinghouse filed for bankruptcy in 2017 after cost overruns on U.S. reactors.</p>

<p>Canada’s Brookfield Asset Management bought Westinghouse from Toshiba in August 2018. Last April Westinghouse received strong support from U.S. Energy Secretary Rick Perry for its India project, which envisaged the building of six AP1000 reactors in the state of Andhra Pradesh.</p>

<p>The agreement to build the reactors, announced in 2016, followed on from a U.S.-India civil nuclear agreement signed in 2008.</p>

<p>India plans to triple its nuclear capacity by 2024 to wean Asia’s third-largest economy off polluting fossil fuels.</p>

<p>Last October, India and Russia signed a pact to build six more nuclear reactors at a new site in India following summit talks between their leaders in New Delhi.</p>


The United States and India on Wednesday agreed to strengthen security and civil nuclear cooperation, including building six US nuclear power plants in India, the two countries said in a joint statement.

The United States and India on Wednesday agreed to strengthen security and civil nuclear cooperation, including building six US nuclear power plants in India, the two countries said in a joint statement. The agreement came after two days of talks in Washington. The United States under President Donald Trump has been looking to sell more energy products to India, the world’s third-biggest buyer of oil. The talks involved Indian Foreign Secretary Vijay Gokhale and Andrea Thompson, the U.S. undersecretary of state for arms control and international security. “They committed to strengthening bilateral security and civil nuclear cooperation, including the establishment of six US nuclear power plants in India,” the joint statement said. It gave no further details of the nuclear plant project. The two countries have been discussing the supply of U.S. nuclear reactors to energy-hungry India for more than a decade, but a longstanding obstacle has been the need to bring Indian liability rules in-line with international norms, which require the costs of any accident to be channelled to the operator rather than the maker of a nuclear power station. Pittsburgh-based Westinghouse has been negotiating to build reactors in India for years, but progress has been slow, partly because of India’s nuclear liability legislation, and the project was thrown into doubt when Westinghouse filed for bankruptcy in 2017 after cost overruns on U.S. reactors. Canada’s Brookfield Asset Management bought Westinghouse from Toshiba in August 2018. Last April Westinghouse received strong support from U.S. Energy Secretary Rick Perry for its India project, which envisaged the building of six AP1000 reactors in the state of Andhra Pradesh. The agreement to build the reactors, announced in 2016, followed on from a U.S.-India civil nuclear agreement signed in 2008. India plans to triple its nuclear capacity by 2024 to wean Asia’s third-largest economy off polluting fossil fuels. Last October, India and Russia signed a pact to build six more nuclear reactors at a new site in India following summit talks between their leaders in New Delhi.

India, United States agree to develop six nuclear power plants in India

The Prime Minister of India, Narendra Modi and the&nbsp;Chief Minister of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu, Jayalalitha,&nbsp;video conferenced&nbsp;with the President of Russia Vladimir Putin to&nbsp;inaugurate Unit 1 of Kudankulam nuclear power plant on August 10, 2016.<br />
&nbsp;<br />
India has an uphill task to accomplish its energy needs. In the long term strategy, nuclear forms a part of it is overall energy mix.<br />
&nbsp;<br />
Tarapore atomic power station was the first nuclear power plant in India, established with the help of two boiling water reactors provided by the United States. The US also agreed to provide fuel for this reactor for the next 30 years. However, the deal was suspended when India used the nuclear fuel provided by Canada for its power plants to conduct nuclear weapon tests in 1974.<br />
&nbsp;<br />
In 1998, the Vajpayee Government in India again conducted nuclear tests at Pokhran, understanding very well that India&rsquo;s strategic objectives were more important than the sanctions that the world would impose on India. Every country refused to provide nuclear fuel to India. The only country willing to support India was Russia.<br />
&nbsp;<br />
The sanctions were eventually lifted by the Bush Government in 2001. Consequently, India and the US initiated the civil nuclear agreement, also called the 123 agreement in 2005. The agreement was heavily debated in Parliament, as many politicians voiced opposition to being sold to the Americans with limited liability in case of a nuclear accident. The deal underwent many discussions and changes, and was finally ratified in 2016 by the Narendra Modi government in India.<br />
&nbsp;<br />
Also, India is not signatory to the major nuclear treaties, such as Non Proliferation treaty, Missile Technology Control Regime, or the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test Ban Treaty, discouraging other countries to sign civil nuclear deals with India.<br />
&nbsp;<br />
While all other negotiations were ongoing, the Russian steadily made progress. In 2002, Russia started constructing the Kudankulam nuclear plant. The nuclear plant is the result of 1988 inter-government agreement between India and USSR. It has come out of the good relationship between the two nations.<br />
&nbsp;<br />
India and the US signed on to the historic nuclear civilian deal, but it is Russia that actually built up the plant and has harnessed the huge nuclear energy potential of India. The lack of trust between India and the US has put America long behind in the race of the economic benefit it could have harnessed by establishing power plants in India.<br />
&nbsp;<br />
Now, even, India and Australia have signed the nuclear civil agreement, and Australia will soon start providing uranium to the power plants of India. For the first time, Australia will provide nuclear fuel to a country that is not signatory to Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty.<br />
&nbsp;<br />
But in the long term, the Americans are on their way to establish long term presence in India in the nuclear energy business. It would be companies like Honeywell and GE that stand to gain from their long standing expertise in the business. The Canadians are hoping they will be the future suppliers of nuclear fuel for India. India&rsquo;s energy needs will continue to grow, as an average Indian consumes only 1/16th of energy than an American, and this is bound to change.<br />
<br />
(WION)

Retrospective comes as India and Russia announce the inauguration of the Kudankulam nuclear power plant, in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu

The Prime Minister of India, Narendra Modi and the Chief Minister of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu, Jayalalitha, video conferenced with the President of Russia Vladimir Putin to inaugurate Unit 1 of Kudankulam nuclear power plant on August 10, 2016. India has an uphill task to accomplish its energy needs. In the long term strategy, nuclear forms a part of it is overall energy mix. Tarapore atomic power station was the first nuclear power plant in India, established with the help of two boiling water reactors provided by the United States. The US also agreed to provide fuel for this reactor for the next 30 years. However, the deal was suspended when India used the nuclear fuel provided by Canada for its power plants to conduct nuclear weapon tests in 1974. In 1998, the Vajpayee Government in India again conducted nuclear tests at Pokhran, understanding very well that India’s strategic objectives were more important than the sanctions that the world would impose on India. Every country refused to provide nuclear fuel to India. The only country willing to support India was Russia. The sanctions were eventually lifted by the Bush Government in 2001. Consequently, India and the US initiated the civil nuclear agreement, also called the 123 agreement in 2005. The agreement was heavily debated in Parliament, as many politicians voiced opposition to being sold to the Americans with limited liability in case of a nuclear accident. The deal underwent many discussions and changes, and was finally ratified in 2016 by the Narendra Modi government in India. Also, India is not signatory to the major nuclear treaties, such as Non Proliferation treaty, Missile Technology Control Regime, or the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test Ban Treaty, discouraging other countries to sign civil nuclear deals with India. While all other negotiations were ongoing, the Russian steadily made progress. In 2002, Russia started constructing the Kudankulam nuclear plant. The nuclear plant is the result of 1988 inter-government agreement between India and USSR. It has come out of the good relationship between the two nations. India and the US signed on to the historic nuclear civilian deal, but it is Russia that actually built up the plant and has harnessed the huge nuclear energy potential of India. The lack of trust between India and the US has put America long behind in the race of the economic benefit it could have harnessed by establishing power plants in India. Now, even, India and Australia have signed the nuclear civil agreement, and Australia will soon start providing uranium to the power plants of India. For the first time, Australia will provide nuclear fuel to a country that is not signatory to Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty. But in the long term, the Americans are on their way to establish long term presence in India in the nuclear energy business. It would be companies like Honeywell and GE that stand to gain from their long standing expertise in the business. The Canadians are hoping they will be the future suppliers of nuclear fuel for India. India’s energy needs will continue to grow, as an average Indian consumes only 1/16th of energy than an American, and this is bound to change. (WION)

India's nuclear energy and Russian, US part in its development