The Nobel Prize Committee's decision to award the Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences to Professor Claudia Goldin is a big win for women economists and&nbsp;economic historians. She is only the third woman -- and the first solo winner -- to win to this honour and economic historians have seldom been considered for the prize, which was established in 1969.

Breaking the glass ceiling, however, is not new for Goldin. She was also the first woman to secure a tenured track at Harvard University's prestigious economics department.

But beyond the usual headlines, Goldin's work on women's participation in the labour force across history is pathbreaking - to say the least. &nbsp;

Goldin began her academic journey in the transformative 1970s, at the height of the feminist movement, when the role of women in the economy was rapidly changing.

In her 1998 essay "The Economist as Detective", she recalls how her lifelong passion, which ultimately awarded her the Economics Nobel, began: "Women were in the data when young and single and often when widowed. But their stories were faintly heard after they married, for they were often not producing goods and services."

As her doctoral guide, University of Chicago's Robert Fogel played a key role in Goldin's early academic career. The 1993 winner of the Economics Nobel was instrumental in drawing her into the field of economic history.

Goldin's 1995 paper, "Cliometrics and the Nobel", is a tribute to Fogel as well as a chronicle of economic history. "They (Fogel &amp; North - the co-winner) are distinctive, because for them economic history is not a handmaiden of economics but a distinct field of scholarship," Goldin wrote arguing that Fogel formalised economic history "in a manner similar to the injection of mathematical models and statistics into the rest of economics".

But what makes Goldin's work special is her ability to see labour and gender through the prism of economic history. In doing so, Goldin has given the world, what the Nobel Prize Committee rightly states, "the first comprehensive account of women’s earnings and labour market participation through the centuries".

While it is difficult to sum up Goldin's work in a few paragraphs, three of her research papers give us enough insights into her work.

Perhaps, the Harvard professor's most famous research paper is "The power of the pill", which traces the influence of contraceptives on women's work life. The paper argues that "the pill" granted reproductive autonomy to women, boosting their educational and career freedoms.

Another important work, "The quiet revolution", postulates how women have increasingly committed themselves to higher education and professional careers by delaying marriage and motherhood. The study also notes how more and more women entered the fields of medicine, law and management from 1970s onward, while the number of women teachers, librarians and nurses began to fell.

But her most consequential research has been on gender pay gap. Her 2014 paper, "A Grand Gender Convergence: Its Last Chapter", talks about how the gender wage gap is less about human capital differences but more about labor market rewarding long work hours and penalising flexibility.

One common theme in all her research work is the meticulous use of historical records -- she has collected over 200 years of data from the US -- and quantitative economic methods to understand the past and make sense of the present.

“I have always thought of myself as a detective. The detective always believes there is a way of finding the answer," she told the Nobel Prize Committee after her win. Goldin, who once dreamt of being an archeologist, has always had a knack for investigation. Archeology's loss has turned out to be economics' gain.

Goldin has used her "detective" skills to unearth economic truths, dispel myths, and make the world a more gender-sensitive place.

The Nobel Prize Committee's decision to award the Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences to Professor Claudia Goldin is a big win for women economists and economic historians.

The Nobel Prize Committee's decision to award the Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences to Professor Claudia Goldin is a big win for women economists and economic historians. She is only the third woman -- and the first solo winner -- to win to this honour and economic historians have seldom been considered for the prize, which was established in 1969. Breaking the glass ceiling, however, is not new for Goldin. She was also the first woman to secure a tenured track at Harvard University's prestigious economics department. But beyond the usual headlines, Goldin's work on women's participation in the labour force across history is pathbreaking - to say the least. Goldin began her academic journey in the transformative 1970s, at the height of the feminist movement, when the role of women in the economy was rapidly changing. In her 1998 essay "The Economist as Detective", she recalls how her lifelong passion, which ultimately awarded her the Economics Nobel, began: "Women were in the data when young and single and often when widowed. But their stories were faintly heard after they married, for they were often not producing goods and services." As her doctoral guide, University of Chicago's Robert Fogel played a key role in Goldin's early academic career. The 1993 winner of the Economics Nobel was instrumental in drawing her into the field of economic history. Goldin's 1995 paper, "Cliometrics and the Nobel", is a tribute to Fogel as well as a chronicle of economic history. "They (Fogel & North - the co-winner) are distinctive, because for them economic history is not a handmaiden of economics but a distinct field of scholarship," Goldin wrote arguing that Fogel formalised economic history "in a manner similar to the injection of mathematical models and statistics into the rest of economics". But what makes Goldin's work special is her ability to see labour and gender through the prism of economic history. In doing so, Goldin has given the world, what the Nobel Prize Committee rightly states, "the first comprehensive account of women’s earnings and labour market participation through the centuries". While it is difficult to sum up Goldin's work in a few paragraphs, three of her research papers give us enough insights into her work. Perhaps, the Harvard professor's most famous research paper is "The power of the pill", which traces the influence of contraceptives on women's work life. The paper argues that "the pill" granted reproductive autonomy to women, boosting their educational and career freedoms. Another important work, "The quiet revolution", postulates how women have increasingly committed themselves to higher education and professional careers by delaying marriage and motherhood. The study also notes how more and more women entered the fields of medicine, law and management from 1970s onward, while the number of women teachers, librarians and nurses began to fell. But her most consequential research has been on gender pay gap. Her 2014 paper, "A Grand Gender Convergence: Its Last Chapter", talks about how the gender wage gap is less about human capital differences but more about labor market rewarding long work hours and penalising flexibility. One common theme in all her research work is the meticulous use of historical records -- she has collected over 200 years of data from the US -- and quantitative economic methods to understand the past and make sense of the present. “I have always thought of myself as a detective. The detective always believes there is a way of finding the answer," she told the Nobel Prize Committee after her win. Goldin, who once dreamt of being an archeologist, has always had a knack for investigation. Archeology's loss has turned out to be economics' gain. Goldin has used her "detective" skills to unearth economic truths, dispel myths, and make the world a more gender-sensitive place.

Claudia Goldin: A 'detective' who won the 2023 Nobel Prize in Economics 

The Nobel Prize for Economics Sciences 2023 has been awarded to American economic historian and professor Claudia Goldin&nbsp;on Monday (Oct 9) for her work in examining the wage inequality between men and women “through centuries,” said the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. &nbsp;

The prestigious award formally known as the Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel was awarded to the 77-year-old Harvard professor, “for having advanced our understanding of women’s labour market outcomes.”&nbsp;

The award, worth&nbsp;11 million Swedish crowns ($999,137),&nbsp;marks the end of this year's Nobel Prizes season.

<h2>Nobel economics prize 2023</h2>

“This year’s Laureate in the Economic Sciences…provided the first comprehensive account of women’s earnings and labour market participation through the centuries,” said the award-giving body, in a statement.&nbsp;

It added, “Her research reveals the causes of change, as well as the main sources of the remaining gender gap.”&nbsp;

Goldin is only the third woman,&nbsp;after Elinor Ostrom (2009) and Esther Duflo (2019),&nbsp;to win the Nobel economics prize. Speaking about her reaction, Hans Ellegren, Secretary General of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, said “She was surprised and very, very happy.”

<h2>Goldin’s work</h2>

In 1990, Goldin also became the first woman to be tenured at the Harvard economics department. Her book “Understanding the Gender Gap: An Economic History of American Women,” was a significantly influential examination of the roots of wage inequality.

Through her work, she has noted how female participation in the labour market did not have an upward trend, as many may have expected but rather over a 200-year period it is a U-shaped curve.&nbsp;

Goldin also showed the impact of the contraceptive pill on women’s career and marriage decisions and even their surname changes as social indicators and the reasons why women are now the majority of undergraduates.

Goldin has “trawled the archives and collected over 200 years of data from the US,” said the jury.&nbsp;

“She studied something that many people, many historians, for instance, simply decided not to study before because they didn’t think these data existed,” said Nobel committee member Randi Hjalmarsson, and called her “a detective”.&nbsp;

“Thanks to Claudia Goldin’s groundbreaking research we now know much more about the underlying factors and which barriers may need to be addressed in the future,” Jakob Svensson, chair of the committee for the prize in economic sciences, said in a statement.

<h2>Controversy surrounding the prize</h2>

While the prize is arguably the most prestigious award in the field of economics, it is not without controversy.&nbsp;

Over the years, many people have questioned the validity of the Nobel Prize itself since it was not one of the original prizes created at Alfred Nobel’s will but was a later addition established and funded by Sweden’s central bank in 1968.

In 2022, this prize was awarded to <a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/ben-bernanke-douglas-diamond-philip-dybvig-win-2022-nobel-prize-in-economics-524002">American economists</a> Ben Bernanke, Douglas Diamond and Philip Dybvig for their research on banks and financial crises.

(With inputs from agencies)&nbsp; 
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The Nobel Prize for Economics Sciences 2023 has been awarded to American economic historian and professor Claudia Goldin on Monday (Oct 9) for her work in examining the wage inequality between men and women “through centuries,” said the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences.

The Nobel Prize for Economics Sciences 2023 has been awarded to American economic historian and professor Claudia Goldin on Monday (Oct 9) for her work in examining the wage inequality between men and women “through centuries,” said the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. The prestigious award formally known as the Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel was awarded to the 77-year-old Harvard professor, “for having advanced our understanding of women’s labour market outcomes.” The award, worth 11 million Swedish crowns ($999,137), marks the end of this year's Nobel Prizes season. Nobel economics prize 2023 “This year’s Laureate in the Economic Sciences…provided the first comprehensive account of women’s earnings and labour market participation through the centuries,” said the award-giving body, in a statement. It added, “Her research reveals the causes of change, as well as the main sources of the remaining gender gap.” Goldin is only the third woman, after Elinor Ostrom (2009) and Esther Duflo (2019), to win the Nobel economics prize. Speaking about her reaction, Hans Ellegren, Secretary General of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, said “She was surprised and very, very happy.” Goldin’s work In 1990, Goldin also became the first woman to be tenured at the Harvard economics department. Her book “Understanding the Gender Gap: An Economic History of American Women,” was a significantly influential examination of the roots of wage inequality. Through her work, she has noted how female participation in the labour market did not have an upward trend, as many may have expected but rather over a 200-year period it is a U-shaped curve. Goldin also showed the impact of the contraceptive pill on women’s career and marriage decisions and even their surname changes as social indicators and the reasons why women are now the majority of undergraduates. Goldin has “trawled the archives and collected over 200 years of data from the US,” said the jury. “She studied something that many people, many historians, for instance, simply decided not to study before because they didn’t think these data existed,” said Nobel committee member Randi Hjalmarsson, and called her “a detective”. “Thanks to Claudia Goldin’s groundbreaking research we now know much more about the underlying factors and which barriers may need to be addressed in the future,” Jakob Svensson, chair of the committee for the prize in economic sciences, said in a statement. Controversy surrounding the prize While the prize is arguably the most prestigious award in the field of economics, it is not without controversy. Over the years, many people have questioned the validity of the Nobel Prize itself since it was not one of the original prizes created at Alfred Nobel’s will but was a later addition established and funded by Sweden’s central bank in 1968. In 2022, this prize was awarded to American economists Ben Bernanke, Douglas Diamond and Philip Dybvig for their research on banks and financial crises. (With inputs from agencies) WATCH WION LIVE HERE You can now write for wionews.com and be a part of the community. Share your stories and opinions with us here.

Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences 2023 goes to Claudia Goldin for work on role of women in labour

The Swedish Academy awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature to Norwegian author Jon Fosse on Thursday (October 5). The academy awarded Fosse Nobel Prize for “his innovative plays and prose which give voice to the unsayable.”

The official account of Nobel Prize wrote on X, “Jon Fosse – awarded the 2023 #NobelPrize in Literature – &nbsp;has much in common with his great precursor in Norwegian Nynorsk literature Tarjei Vesaas. Fosse combines strong local ties, both linguistic and geographic, with modernist artistic techniques. He includes in his Wahlverwandschaften such names as Samuel Beckett, Thomas Bernhard and Georg Trakl.”

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Jon Fosse – awarded the 2023 <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/NobelPrize?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">#NobelPrize</a> in Literature – has much in common with his great precursor in Norwegian Nynorsk literature Tarjei Vesaas. Fosse combines strong local ties, both linguistic and geographic, with modernist artistic techniques. He includes in his… <a href="https://t.co/FkoP8j737R">pic.twitter.com/FkoP8j737R</a>
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With this, 64-year-old Fosse becomes the fourth Norwegian author to be awarded with Nobel Prize.&nbsp;

<h2>Jon Fosse: Norwegian author and dramatist conferred with Nobel Prize in Literature 2023</h2>

Jon Fosse, born in Norwegian town of Haugesund met with a near-death accident at the age of seven, which left a great influence&nbsp;on his writing.&nbsp;

He studied comparative literature at the University of Bergen and published his first novel, Raudt, svart (Red, Black) in 1983. The novel was written in Nynorsk, which is one of the two written standards of the Norwegian language.&nbsp;

Fosse was equally well-versed in drama writing and published his first play, Og aldri skal vi skiljast (And We'll Never Be Parted) in 1994. &nbsp;

In one of his interviews, Fosse revealed he is influenced by Franz Kafka's writings among many others. He said, "I think the authors who have influenced me the most are the Norwegian writer Tarjei Vesaas, the Austrian poet Georg Trakl, and Samuel Beckett. Although I think the writers I admire the most are Franz Kafka and Knut Hamsun."

Also Read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/business-economy/apple-ceo-tim-cook-nets-41-million-in-largest-stock-sale-in-two-years-642875">Apple CEO Tim Cook nets $41 million in largest stock sale in two years&nbsp;</a>

He has written novels, short stories, poetry, children’s books, essays and plays, and his works have been translated into more than forty languages.&nbsp;

Fosse has been ranked number 83 on the list of the Top 100 living geniuses by The Daily Telegraph. In the past, the Norwegian author has been nominated for many prestigious literature awards including International Booker Prize (2022), and National Book Critics Circle Award for Fiction (2023).&nbsp;

Fosse was awarded the 2015 Nordic Council's Literature Prize for the trilogy Andvake (Wakefulness), Olavs draumar (Olav's Dreams) and Kveldsvævd (Weariness).

Also Read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/business-economy/sub-saharan-africa-faces-economic-slowdown-as-key-players-falter-world-bank-warns-642873">Sub-Saharan Africa faces economic slowdown as key players falter, World Bank warns&nbsp;</a>

In April 2022, his novel A New Name: Septology VI-VII, translated into English by Damion Searls, was shortlisted for the International Booker Prize. The book was named a finalist for the 2023 National Book Critics Circle Award in Fiction.

Interestingly, many of Fosse’s works have been popular in Iran and have been translated into Persian by Mohammed Hamed. Some of his plays have been performed in Tehran as well.&nbsp;

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The Swedish Academy awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature to Norwegian author Jon Fosse on Thursday (October 5). The academy awarded Fosse Nobel Prize for “his innovative plays and prose which give voice to the unsayable.

The Swedish Academy awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature to Norwegian author Jon Fosse on Thursday (October 5). The academy awarded Fosse Nobel Prize for “his innovative plays and prose which give voice to the unsayable.” The official account of Nobel Prize wrote on X, “Jon Fosse – awarded the 2023 #NobelPrize in Literature – has much in common with his great precursor in Norwegian Nynorsk literature Tarjei Vesaas. Fosse combines strong local ties, both linguistic and geographic, with modernist artistic techniques. He includes in his Wahlverwandschaften such names as Samuel Beckett, Thomas Bernhard and Georg Trakl.” Jon Fosse – awarded the 2023 #NobelPrize in Literature – has much in common with his great precursor in Norwegian Nynorsk literature Tarjei Vesaas. Fosse combines strong local ties, both linguistic and geographic, with modernist artistic techniques. He includes in his… pic.twitter.com/FkoP8j737R — The Nobel Prize (@NobelPrize) October 5, 2023 × With this, 64-year-old Fosse becomes the fourth Norwegian author to be awarded with Nobel Prize. Jon Fosse: Norwegian author and dramatist conferred with Nobel Prize in Literature 2023 Jon Fosse, born in Norwegian town of Haugesund met with a near-death accident at the age of seven, which left a great influence on his writing. He studied comparative literature at the University of Bergen and published his first novel, Raudt, svart (Red, Black) in 1983. The novel was written in Nynorsk, which is one of the two written standards of the Norwegian language. Fosse was equally well-versed in drama writing and published his first play, Og aldri skal vi skiljast (And We'll Never Be Parted) in 1994. In one of his interviews, Fosse revealed he is influenced by Franz Kafka's writings among many others. He said, "I think the authors who have influenced me the most are the Norwegian writer Tarjei Vesaas, the Austrian poet Georg Trakl, and Samuel Beckett. Although I think the writers I admire the most are Franz Kafka and Knut Hamsun." Also Read | Apple CEO Tim Cook nets $41 million in largest stock sale in two years He has written novels, short stories, poetry, children’s books, essays and plays, and his works have been translated into more than forty languages. Fosse has been ranked number 83 on the list of the Top 100 living geniuses by The Daily Telegraph. In the past, the Norwegian author has been nominated for many prestigious literature awards including International Booker Prize (2022), and National Book Critics Circle Award for Fiction (2023). Fosse was awarded the 2015 Nordic Council's Literature Prize for the trilogy Andvake (Wakefulness), Olavs draumar (Olav's Dreams) and Kveldsvævd (Weariness). Also Read | Sub-Saharan Africa faces economic slowdown as key players falter, World Bank warns In April 2022, his novel A New Name: Septology VI-VII, translated into English by Damion Searls, was shortlisted for the International Booker Prize. The book was named a finalist for the 2023 National Book Critics Circle Award in Fiction. Interestingly, many of Fosse’s works have been popular in Iran and have been translated into Persian by Mohammed Hamed. Some of his plays have been performed in Tehran as well. (With inputs from agencies) WATCH WION LIVE HERE You can now write for wionews.com and be a part of the community. Share your stories and opinions with us here.

Jon Fosse: Career of Norwegian author, playwright awarded 2023 Nobel Prize in literature

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry has been awarded. Moungi G. Bawendi, Louis E. Brus & Alexei I. Ekimov shared this year's Nobel Prize in Chemistry. The award has been issued for the discovery and development of quantum dots.

Nobel Prize 2023: These scientists shared the Nobel prize in chemistry for their discovery

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry has been awarded to&nbsp;French-born Moungi Bawendi, Louis Brus of the United States and Russian-born Alexei Ekimov&nbsp;for research in tiny particles known as quantum dots, particles so small that their electrical and optical properties are influenced by quantum physics. 
 
The three scientists have won the Nobel prize for inventing quantum dots, which are being used in computing, lasers and microscopy.&nbsp;They are already being used to make TV display screens, lasers and lights, besides being used in medical research.

In a rare development, the names of the trio were leaked in the local press ahead of the announcement. The Nobel Committee expressed the regret on the development and issued a statement on the same.&nbsp;

Nobel leaks are rare, with the various prize-awarding academies going to great lengths to keep the winners' names under wraps until the announcements.

<h2>Significance of the Nobel-winning research</h2>

The trio succeeded in producing these tiny components, that "now spread their light from televisions and LED lamps, and can also guide surgeons when they remove tumour tissue, among many other things," the jury said.

The names of the recipients were leaked hours before the academy had even met for a final vote on the winners.

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/nobel-chemistry-prize-sparks-controversy-purported-winners-names-out-before-decision-is-made-642460">Nobel chemistry prize winners' names leaked? Swedish media reports suggest so</a>

The Nobel laureate Bawendi, speaking to reporters, said he was "shocked" by the news and had not seen the leaked reports.&nbsp;

Bawendi, 62, born in Paris to French and Tunisian parents, is a professor at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in the United States.

Brus, 80, is a professor at Columbia in New York, and Russian-born Alexei Ekimov works at the US-based Nanocrystals Technology.

The trio will share the $1 million award, receiving it from King Carl XVI Gustaf at a ceremony in Stockholm on December 10, the anniversary of the 1896 death of scientist Alfred Nobel who created the prizes in his last will and testament.

Also watch |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/explained-inside-the-exciting-world-of-attosecond-physics-that-won-nobel-prize-2023-642138">Explained: Inside the exciting world of Attosecond Physics that won Nobel Prize 2023</a>

The chemistry award is the third Nobel of the season after the medicine prize and the physics prizes were announced earlier in the week.

In medicine, RNA researchers Katalin Kariko and Drew Weissman were honoured Monday for their groundbreaking technology that paved the way for mRNA Covid-19 vaccines.

The physics prize on Tuesday went to France's Pierre Agostini, Hungarian-Austrian Ferenc Krausz and Franco-Swede Anne L'Huillier for research using ultra quick light flashes that enable the study of electrons inside atoms and molecules.

The highly watched literature and peace prizes, will be announced on Thursday and Friday respectively.

The Economics Prize -- created in 1968 and the only Nobel not included in the 1895 will of Swedish inventor and philanthropist Alfred Nobel founding the awards -- closes out the 2023 Nobel season on Monday.

(With inputs from agencies)

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The Nobel Prize in Chemistry has been awarded to French-born Moungi Bawendi, Louis Brus of the United States and Russian-born Alexei Ekimov for research in tiny particles known as quantum dots, particles so small that their electrical and optical properties are influenced by quantum physics.

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry has been awarded to French-born Moungi Bawendi, Louis Brus of the United States and Russian-born Alexei Ekimov for research in tiny particles known as quantum dots, particles so small that their electrical and optical properties are influenced by quantum physics. The three scientists have won the Nobel prize for inventing quantum dots, which are being used in computing, lasers and microscopy. They are already being used to make TV display screens, lasers and lights, besides being used in medical research. In a rare development, the names of the trio were leaked in the local press ahead of the announcement. The Nobel Committee expressed the regret on the development and issued a statement on the same. Nobel leaks are rare, with the various prize-awarding academies going to great lengths to keep the winners' names under wraps until the announcements. Significance of the Nobel-winning research The trio succeeded in producing these tiny components, that "now spread their light from televisions and LED lamps, and can also guide surgeons when they remove tumour tissue, among many other things," the jury said. The names of the recipients were leaked hours before the academy had even met for a final vote on the winners. Also read | Nobel chemistry prize winners' names leaked? Swedish media reports suggest so The Nobel laureate Bawendi, speaking to reporters, said he was "shocked" by the news and had not seen the leaked reports. Bawendi, 62, born in Paris to French and Tunisian parents, is a professor at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in the United States. Brus, 80, is a professor at Columbia in New York, and Russian-born Alexei Ekimov works at the US-based Nanocrystals Technology. The trio will share the $1 million award, receiving it from King Carl XVI Gustaf at a ceremony in Stockholm on December 10, the anniversary of the 1896 death of scientist Alfred Nobel who created the prizes in his last will and testament. Also watch | Explained: Inside the exciting world of Attosecond Physics that won Nobel Prize 2023 The chemistry award is the third Nobel of the season after the medicine prize and the physics prizes were announced earlier in the week. In medicine, RNA researchers Katalin Kariko and Drew Weissman were honoured Monday for their groundbreaking technology that paved the way for mRNA Covid-19 vaccines. The physics prize on Tuesday went to France's Pierre Agostini, Hungarian-Austrian Ferenc Krausz and Franco-Swede Anne L'Huillier for research using ultra quick light flashes that enable the study of electrons inside atoms and molecules. The highly watched literature and peace prizes, will be announced on Thursday and Friday respectively. The Economics Prize -- created in 1968 and the only Nobel not included in the 1895 will of Swedish inventor and philanthropist Alfred Nobel founding the awards -- closes out the 2023 Nobel season on Monday. (With inputs from agencies) WATCH WION LIVE HERE You can now write for wionews.com and be a part of the community. Share your stories and opinions with us here.

Nobel Prize in Chemistry awarded to scientist trio for research in quantum dots

The most coveted announcement of the year for the world of Physics has been made. The Nobel Prize for Physics has been awarded to a trio of experts for their pioneering work on tiny electrons whose ultra-rapid movements were earlier thought impossible to track.&nbsp;

All matter in the world is composed of atoms, and an electron is its smallest unit. The number of electrons in an atom and their configuration depends on which element we are talking about. For example, a Hydrogen atom has just one electron, Helium atom has two electrons, and an Oxygen atom has eight electrons.&nbsp;

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/nobel-prize-in-physics-awarded-to-pierre-agostini-ferenc-krausz-and-anne-lhuillier-642100">Nobel Prize in Physics awarded to Pierre Agostini, Ferenc Krausz and Anne L’Huillier</a>

The 2023 Nobel Prize laureates in physics are being recognised for their experiments, which have given humanity new tools for exploring the world of electrons inside atoms and molecules.

Pierre Agostini, Ferenc Krausz and Anne L’Huillier have demonstrated a way to create extremely short pulses of light that can be used to measure the rapid processes in which electrons move or change energy.<img alt="Pierre Agostini, Ferenc Krausz and Anne L’Huillier have demonstrated a way to create extremely short pulses of light that can be used to measure the rapid processes in which electrons move or change energy " data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="65e5b1aa-7ba5-4362-85c5-f9c004620bc3" src="//cdn.wionews.com/sites/default/files/inline-images/Untitled%20design%20-%202023-10-03T162946.019.png" />

Pierre Agostini, Ferenc Krausz and Anne L’Huillier | The Nobel Prize

"The laureates’ contributions have enabled the investigation of processes that are so rapid they were previously impossible to follow," an official readout said.

<h2>What exactly is the process that won the 2023 Nobel Prize for Physics?</h2>

To put it simply, the Nobel Prize in physics has been awarded for looking at electrons in atoms during the incredibly tiniest of split seconds.&nbsp;

The question arises how small are these split seconds. To understand how tiny they are, consider the following.&nbsp;

One heartbeat conventionally occurs in one second. A tiny hummingbird can beat its wings 80 times per second. We are only able to observe this as a whirring sound and blurred movement. For the human senses, rapid movements blur together, and extremely short events are not possible to observe.

We need to slow it down by using tricks from an advanced camera to observe these very brief instants.

"The same principle applies to all the methods used to measure or depict rapid processes; any measurement must be done more quickly than the time it takes for the system being studied to undergo a noticeable change, otherwise the result is vague. This year’s laureates have conducted experiments that demonstrate a method for producing pulses of light that are brief enough to capture images of processes inside atoms and molecules," an official readout by the 2023 Nobel Committee said.

<h2>A glimpse into Attosecond Physics unraveled by this year's Nobel Laureates</h2>

Atoms’ natural time scale is incredibly short.&nbsp;In a molecule, atoms can move and turn in millionths of a billionth of a second, known as femtoseconds.

But when electrons move inside atoms or molecules, they do it so quickly that changes are blurred out even in a femtosecond.&nbsp;

"In the world of electrons, positions and energies change at speeds of between one and a few hundred attoseconds, where an attosecond is one billionth of a billionth of a second," the Nobel Prize Committee said.&nbsp;

An <a href="https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2023/popular-information/?utm_source=twitter&amp;utm_medium=social_media&amp;utm_campaign=nobel_prize_announcements_2023&amp;utm_content=post">attosecond is so short</a> that that the number of them in one second is the same as the number of seconds that have elapsed since the universe came into existence, 13.8 billion years ago, it added.

"On a more relatable scale, we can imagine a flash of light being sent from one end of a room to the opposite wall – this takes ten billion attoseconds."

So far, it was possible to observe atomic processes during the durational period of a femtosecond, nothing beyond that.

"Improving existing technology was not enough to see processes occurring on the amazingly brief timescales of electrons; something entirely new was required. This year’s laureates conducted experiments that opened up the new research field of attosecond physics," the Nobel Prize Committee added.

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/nobel-prize-in-medicine-goes-to-two-scientists-whose-work-enabled-creation-of-mrna-vaccines-against-covid-19-641736">Nobel prize in medicine: Katalin Karikó and Drew Weissman awarded for mRNA vaccines against COVID-19</a>

The trio of scientists, in different countries, did the experiments that cumulatively demonstrated that attosecond pulses could be observed and measured.

"Now that the attosecond world has become accessible, these short bursts of light can be used to study the movements of electrons. It is now possible to produce pulses down to just a few dozen attoseconds, and this technology is developing all the time," the Nobel Committee said in an official statement.&nbsp;

<h2>What does it mean for the world of physics?</h2>

The Attosecond pulses can be used to test the internal processes of matter, and to identify different events.&nbsp;

These pulses have been used to explore the detailed physics of atoms and molecules, and they have potential applications in areas from electronics to medicine, according to the Nobel Prize Committee.&nbsp;

For example, attosecond pulses can be used to push molecules, which emit a measurable signal.&nbsp;

The official Nobel Committee readout said that the signal from the molecules has a special structure, a type of fingerprint that reveals what molecule it is, and the possible applications of this include medical diagnostics as well.&nbsp;

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The most coveted announcement of the year for the world of Physics has been made. The Nobel Prize for Physics has been awarded to a trio of experts for their pioneering work on tiny electrons whose ultra-rapid movements were earlier thought impossible to track.

The most coveted announcement of the year for the world of Physics has been made. The Nobel Prize for Physics has been awarded to a trio of experts for their pioneering work on tiny electrons whose ultra-rapid movements were earlier thought impossible to track. All matter in the world is composed of atoms, and an electron is its smallest unit. The number of electrons in an atom and their configuration depends on which element we are talking about. For example, a Hydrogen atom has just one electron, Helium atom has two electrons, and an Oxygen atom has eight electrons. Also read | Nobel Prize in Physics awarded to Pierre Agostini, Ferenc Krausz and Anne L’Huillier The 2023 Nobel Prize laureates in physics are being recognised for their experiments, which have given humanity new tools for exploring the world of electrons inside atoms and molecules. Pierre Agostini, Ferenc Krausz and Anne L’Huillier have demonstrated a way to create extremely short pulses of light that can be used to measure the rapid processes in which electrons move or change energy. Pierre Agostini, Ferenc Krausz and Anne L’Huillier | The Nobel Prize "The laureates’ contributions have enabled the investigation of processes that are so rapid they were previously impossible to follow," an official readout said. What exactly is the process that won the 2023 Nobel Prize for Physics? To put it simply, the Nobel Prize in physics has been awarded for looking at electrons in atoms during the incredibly tiniest of split seconds. The question arises how small are these split seconds. To understand how tiny they are, consider the following. One heartbeat conventionally occurs in one second. A tiny hummingbird can beat its wings 80 times per second. We are only able to observe this as a whirring sound and blurred movement. For the human senses, rapid movements blur together, and extremely short events are not possible to observe. We need to slow it down by using tricks from an advanced camera to observe these very brief instants. "The same principle applies to all the methods used to measure or depict rapid processes; any measurement must be done more quickly than the time it takes for the system being studied to undergo a noticeable change, otherwise the result is vague. This year’s laureates have conducted experiments that demonstrate a method for producing pulses of light that are brief enough to capture images of processes inside atoms and molecules," an official readout by the 2023 Nobel Committee said. A glimpse into Attosecond Physics unraveled by this year's Nobel Laureates Atoms’ natural time scale is incredibly short. In a molecule, atoms can move and turn in millionths of a billionth of a second, known as femtoseconds. But when electrons move inside atoms or molecules, they do it so quickly that changes are blurred out even in a femtosecond. "In the world of electrons, positions and energies change at speeds of between one and a few hundred attoseconds, where an attosecond is one billionth of a billionth of a second," the Nobel Prize Committee said. An attosecond is so short that that the number of them in one second is the same as the number of seconds that have elapsed since the universe came into existence, 13.8 billion years ago, it added. "On a more relatable scale, we can imagine a flash of light being sent from one end of a room to the opposite wall – this takes ten billion attoseconds." So far, it was possible to observe atomic processes during the durational period of a femtosecond, nothing beyond that. "Improving existing technology was not enough to see processes occurring on the amazingly brief timescales of electrons; something entirely new was required. This year’s laureates conducted experiments that opened up the new research field of attosecond physics," the Nobel Prize Committee added. Also read | Nobel prize in medicine: Katalin Karikó and Drew Weissman awarded for mRNA vaccines against COVID-19 The trio of scientists, in different countries, did the experiments that cumulatively demonstrated that attosecond pulses could be observed and measured. "Now that the attosecond world has become accessible, these short bursts of light can be used to study the movements of electrons. It is now possible to produce pulses down to just a few dozen attoseconds, and this technology is developing all the time," the Nobel Committee said in an official statement. What does it mean for the world of physics? The Attosecond pulses can be used to test the internal processes of matter, and to identify different events. These pulses have been used to explore the detailed physics of atoms and molecules, and they have potential applications in areas from electronics to medicine, according to the Nobel Prize Committee. For example, attosecond pulses can be used to push molecules, which emit a measurable signal. The official Nobel Committee readout said that the signal from the molecules has a special structure, a type of fingerprint that reveals what molecule it is, and the possible applications of this include medical diagnostics as well. WATCH WION LIVE HERE You can now write for wionews.com and be a part of the community. Share your stories and opinions with us here.

Explained: Inside the exciting world of Attosecond Physics that won Nobel Prize 2023

In a significant development, the Nobel Foundation, the steward of the esteemed Nobel Prizes, has revealed an increase in the financial rewards accorded to this year's distinguished laureates.&nbsp;

Those honoured with the 2023 Nobel Prizes will now receive an additional 1 million crowns ($43,533). This means that the overall monetary prize will rise to a substantial 11 million Swedish crowns, or an impressive $986,000.&nbsp;

<h2>Why was the prize money increased?</h2>

As per Reuters, this decision underscores the stronger financial position of the Nobel Foundation.&nbsp;Over the years, the prize money has been adjusted up and down.

Back in 2012, the prize sum witnessed a reduction, declining from 10 million crowns to 8 million as the Foundation endeavoured to fortify its finances. In subsequent years, the prize was increased — in 2017, the prize value was increased to 9 million crowns, and then in 2020, it was raised to 10 million, thereby reinstating it to its pre-2012 level.

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However, the depreciation of the Swedish crown's value, which lost roughly 30 per cent of its value against the euro over the past decade, somewhat lessens the impact of these increments in prize value for international laureates.

Interestingly, the Nobel Prizes, which were originally established in 1901 to honour excellence in science, literature, and peace, boasted a monetary value of approximately 1.2 million dollars in 2013. This was despite a temporary reduction in the Swedish crown's prize sum to 8 million crowns during that period.

<h2>When will this year's Nobel Prizes be declared?</h2>

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, the inaugural honour for 2023, is scheduled to be unveiled on October 2nd. Subsequently, the announcements in the fields of Physics, Chemistry, Literature, and Peace will be made in the ensuing days.&nbsp;

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/police-arrests-neo-nazi-man-for-hanging-swastikas-racist-messages-from-orlando-bridge-636271">Police arrests neo-Nazi man for hanging swastikas, racist messages from Orlando bridge</a>

These announcements are poised to captivate the global audience, and will be watched by people all around the world, celebrating the remarkable achievements of individuals in various fields.

(With inputs from agencies) 
&nbsp;

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In a significant development, the Nobel Foundation, the steward of the esteemed Nobel Prizes, has revealed an increase in the financial rewards accorded to this year's distinguished laureates.

In a significant development, the Nobel Foundation, the steward of the esteemed Nobel Prizes, has revealed an increase in the financial rewards accorded to this year's distinguished laureates. Those honoured with the 2023 Nobel Prizes will now receive an additional 1 million crowns ($43,533). This means that the overall monetary prize will rise to a substantial 11 million Swedish crowns, or an impressive $986,000. Why was the prize money increased? As per Reuters, this decision underscores the stronger financial position of the Nobel Foundation. Over the years, the prize money has been adjusted up and down. Back in 2012, the prize sum witnessed a reduction, declining from 10 million crowns to 8 million as the Foundation endeavoured to fortify its finances. In subsequent years, the prize was increased — in 2017, the prize value was increased to 9 million crowns, and then in 2020, it was raised to 10 million, thereby reinstating it to its pre-2012 level. Also read | Watch | CCTV footage shows security agents stealing items from bags at airport However, the depreciation of the Swedish crown's value, which lost roughly 30 per cent of its value against the euro over the past decade, somewhat lessens the impact of these increments in prize value for international laureates. Interestingly, the Nobel Prizes, which were originally established in 1901 to honour excellence in science, literature, and peace, boasted a monetary value of approximately 1.2 million dollars in 2013. This was despite a temporary reduction in the Swedish crown's prize sum to 8 million crowns during that period. When will this year's Nobel Prizes be declared? The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, the inaugural honour for 2023, is scheduled to be unveiled on October 2nd. Subsequently, the announcements in the fields of Physics, Chemistry, Literature, and Peace will be made in the ensuing days. Also read | Police arrests neo-Nazi man for hanging swastikas, racist messages from Orlando bridge These announcements are poised to captivate the global audience, and will be watched by people all around the world, celebrating the remarkable achievements of individuals in various fields. (With inputs from agencies) WATCH WION LIVE HERE You can now write for wionews.com and be a part of the community. Share your stories and opinions with us here.

Nobel Prize money increased: 2023 laureates to receive additional $43,000

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