During his address at the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) Summit in Tianjin, Prime Minister Narendra Modi stated that India has been "bearing the brunt of terrorism for the last four decades" and thanked the countries that "stood by us" during the recent Pahalgam terror attack.

PM Modi at SCO Summit says India 'bearing brunt of terrorism for last four decades,' thanks countries that 'stood by us' during Pahalgam terror attack

They have alternated between friendship and hostility, from the sacrifice of Dr. Dwarkanath Kotnis in the 1930s to the promises of the Panchsheel Agreement in the 1950s, and the subsequent scars of the 1962 war.

SCO Summit 2025: From Kotnis to the 1962 war, tracing India-China bonhomie over the years

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PM Modi at SCO Summit says India 'bearing brunt of terrorism for last four decades,' thanks countries that 'stood by us' during Pahalgam terror attack

From Kotnis to the 1962 war, tracing India-China bonhomie over the years