Earth's neighbour Mars has always been among the prime candidates when it came to search for extraterrestrial life. In order for life to thrive on a particular planet's surface, it also needs to have some favourable conditions under the surface. Movement of Earth's interior creates a protective magnetic field that protects life from harmful cosmic radiations.

Now, data obtained by NASA's InSight lander has revealed that Mars has a completely liquid core. Additionally, it is rich in Sulphur and Oxygen, the data has revealed. To reach their conclusions, scientists have analysed seismic waves caused by 'Marsquakes' that passed through the lanet's core. The international research team included seismologists from University of Maryland (UMD).

The findings have been published on April 24, 2023, in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, according to a report in SciTechDaily.

"In 1906, scientists first discovered the Earth’s core by observing how seismic waves from earthquakes were affected by traveling through it,” said UMD Associate Professor of Geology Vedran Lekic, second author of the paper, as quoted in the report.

“More than a hundred years later, we’re applying our knowledge of seismic waves to Mars. With InSight, we’re finally discovering what’s at the center of Mars and what makes Mars so similar yet distinct from Earth.”

Also Read | <a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/uae-spacecraft-captures-most-detailed-photos-of-mars-little-moon-585996">UAE spacecraft captures most detailed photos of Mars' little moon</a>

In their study, the team of researchers studied two distant seismic events on Mars. They detected waves that travelled through the planet's core.

By using the data obtained by the measurements and more, scientists were able to measure density and compressibility of the material these seismic waves passed through.

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Earth's neighbour Mars has always been among the prime candidates when it came to search for extraterrestrial life. In order for life to thrive on a particular planet's surface, it also needs to have some favourable conditions under the surface.

Earth's neighbour Mars has always been among the prime candidates when it came to search for extraterrestrial life. In order for life to thrive on a particular planet's surface, it also needs to have some favourable conditions under the surface. Movement of Earth's interior creates a protective magnetic field that protects life from harmful cosmic radiations. Now, data obtained by NASA's InSight lander has revealed that Mars has a completely liquid core. Additionally, it is rich in Sulphur and Oxygen, the data has revealed. To reach their conclusions, scientists have analysed seismic waves caused by 'Marsquakes' that passed through the lanet's core. The international research team included seismologists from University of Maryland (UMD). The findings have been published on April 24, 2023, in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, according to a report in SciTechDaily. "In 1906, scientists first discovered the Earth’s core by observing how seismic waves from earthquakes were affected by traveling through it,” said UMD Associate Professor of Geology Vedran Lekic, second author of the paper, as quoted in the report. “More than a hundred years later, we’re applying our knowledge of seismic waves to Mars. With InSight, we’re finally discovering what’s at the center of Mars and what makes Mars so similar yet distinct from Earth.” Also Read | UAE spacecraft captures most detailed photos of Mars' little moon In their study, the team of researchers studied two distant seismic events on Mars. They detected waves that travelled through the planet's core. By using the data obtained by the measurements and more, scientists were able to measure density and compressibility of the material these seismic waves passed through. You can now write for wionews.com and be a part of the community. Share your stories and opinions with us here. WATCH WION LIVE HERE ×

Scientists analyse marsquake to conclude that red planet has liquid core

NASA has detected a monster marsquake on Earth's neighbour. We already know that the red planet experiences quakes regularly. But this one, detected by NASA's InSight Mars Lander is mother of them all.

The marsquake was of 'magnitude 5 temblor'. It took place on May 4, 2022. The marsquake took place on 1222nd Martian day of the InSight lander's mission, said NASA in a press release.

Last most intense marsquake was of the magnitude 4.2 and it took place on August 25, 2021.

The latest 'monster' marsquake would be a medium-sized quake if it took place on Earth but on Mars, it is close to the "upper limit of what scientists hoped to see on Mars during InSight’s mission" said NASA.

Also Read | <a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/check-out-the-cosmic-dance-of-these-colliding-galaxies-477356">Check out the cosmic dance of these colliding galaxies</a>

“Since we set our seismometer down in December 2018, we’ve been waiting for ‘the big one,’” said Bruce Banerdt, InSight’s principal investigator at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Southern California, which leads the mission. “This quake is sure to provide a view into the planet like no other. Scientists will be analyzing this data to learn new things about Mars for years to come.”

NASA's InSight lander landed on Mars in 2018. It has a very sensitive seismometer. Till now, InSight has recorded more than 1300 marsquakes.

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NASA has detected a monster marsquake on Earth's neighbour. We already know that the red planet experiences quakes regularly. But this one, detected by NASA's InSight Mars Lander is mother of them all.

NASA has detected a monster marsquake on Earth's neighbour. We already know that the red planet experiences quakes regularly. But this one, detected by NASA's InSight Mars Lander is mother of them all. The marsquake was of 'magnitude 5 temblor'. It took place on May 4, 2022. The marsquake took place on 1222nd Martian day of the InSight lander's mission, said NASA in a press release. Last most intense marsquake was of the magnitude 4.2 and it took place on August 25, 2021. The latest 'monster' marsquake would be a medium-sized quake if it took place on Earth but on Mars, it is close to the "upper limit of what scientists hoped to see on Mars during InSight’s mission" said NASA. Also Read | Check out the cosmic dance of these colliding galaxies “Since we set our seismometer down in December 2018, we’ve been waiting for ‘the big one,’” said Bruce Banerdt, InSight’s principal investigator at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Southern California, which leads the mission. “This quake is sure to provide a view into the planet like no other. Scientists will be analyzing this data to learn new things about Mars for years to come.” NASA's InSight lander landed on Mars in 2018. It has a very sensitive seismometer. Till now, InSight has recorded more than 1300 marsquakes. Decode the geostrategy, diplomacy, and ideologies of the world’s unending wars. Catch our special series ‘World at War’ every Saturday at 8:30 PM IST and Sunday at 10:30 PM IST only on WION. WATCH WION LIVE HERE ×

NASA InSight lander records 'monster quake' on Mars

For a layperson, planets other than Earth are not dynamic worlds. Earth is full of natural activity but other planets are barren landscapes in popular perception.

But this is not always the case. Planets in space may not have life, but they surely have their own processes.

Take Mars for example. The Red Planet doesn't harbour any known life now but it has seismic activity. Quakes on Mars are called 'Marsquakes'.

Indian scientists have now spotted unique geological movements on the martian surface that bear testimony to instances of marsquakes. Scientists from Physical Research Laboratory (PRL) in Ahmedabad have spotted tell-tale signs of bouncing boulders on martian surface.

The scientists studied photos of martian surface taken in NASA missions from 2006 and 2020. A curious pattern was seen in the soil of the Red Planet.

When a boulder tumbles on Mars, it creates a characteristic V-shaped pattern at the location of impact. And a bouncing boulder means that a series of these 'V's is sketched on the surface on points the bouncing boulder makes contact.

The broad portion of the V-shape points at the direction of the slope.

Scientists from PRL have observed more than 4500 such tracks made by bouncing boulders. The movement of these boulders has been associated with seismic activity of Mars. Such an association is strengthened by the fact that these tracks made of Vs have been observed in greater numbers in Cerberus Fossae region on Mars. This region is especially seismically active.

For a layperson, planets other than Earth are not dynamic worlds. Earth is full of natural activity but other planets are barren landscapes in popular perception.

For a layperson, planets other than Earth are not dynamic worlds. Earth is full of natural activity but other planets are barren landscapes in popular perception. But this is not always the case. Planets in space may not have life, but they surely have their own processes. Take Mars for example. The Red Planet doesn't harbour any known life now but it has seismic activity. Quakes on Mars are called 'Marsquakes'. Indian scientists have now spotted unique geological movements on the martian surface that bear testimony to instances of marsquakes. Scientists from Physical Research Laboratory (PRL) in Ahmedabad have spotted tell-tale signs of bouncing boulders on martian surface. The scientists studied photos of martian surface taken in NASA missions from 2006 and 2020. A curious pattern was seen in the soil of the Red Planet. When a boulder tumbles on Mars, it creates a characteristic V-shaped pattern at the location of impact. And a bouncing boulder means that a series of these 'V's is sketched on the surface on points the bouncing boulder makes contact. The broad portion of the V-shape points at the direction of the slope. Scientists from PRL have observed more than 4500 such tracks made by bouncing boulders. The movement of these boulders has been associated with seismic activity of Mars. Such an association is strengthened by the fact that these tracks made of Vs have been observed in greater numbers in Cerberus Fossae region on Mars. This region is especially seismically active.

Bouncing boulders on Mars tell tale of marsquakes

Mars has intrigued humankind for centuries. The red dot in the night sky has captured the imagination of several cultures. To some, it appeared like a god of war for others it supposedly created problems by tinkering with their personal horoscope.

For good or bad, Mars has always remained in our conversations one way or the other.

Now for the first time, we have been able to peep into the interior of the planet and have been able to deduce that the planet has a liquid core, a solid mantle and crust just like Earth but slightly different.

InSight lander on Mars has analysed data it collected on the surface of the red planet. It recorded over 700 'Marsquakes', that is, Earthquakes but on Mars. 35 out of these were strong enough to analyse further. And by y studying travel of these waves through the interior of the planet, scientists were able to get an idea about interior of the red planet.

Scientists have inferred that Martian crust is between 24 and 72 kilometers thick and has at least two layers.

The mantle is made up of a single layer of rock and is between 400 and 600 kilometers thick.

Then comes the core, the core is a much larger layer and has a radius of about &nbsp;1,830 kilometers. The core is liquid.

It was previously thought that Mars did not have geologic activity. But rumblings recorded by InSight in 2019 prove this notion to be incorrect.

This is the first time we have been able to get an idea about interior of a planet other than Earth.

Mars has intrigued humankind for centuries. The red dot in the night sky has captured the imagination of several cultures. To some, it appeared like a god of war for others it supposedly created problems by tinkering with their personal horoscope.

Mars has intrigued humankind for centuries. The red dot in the night sky has captured the imagination of several cultures. To some, it appeared like a god of war for others it supposedly created problems by tinkering with their personal horoscope. For good or bad, Mars has always remained in our conversations one way or the other. Now for the first time, we have been able to peep into the interior of the planet and have been able to deduce that the planet has a liquid core, a solid mantle and crust just like Earth but slightly different. InSight lander on Mars has analysed data it collected on the surface of the red planet. It recorded over 700 'Marsquakes', that is, Earthquakes but on Mars. 35 out of these were strong enough to analyse further. And by y studying travel of these waves through the interior of the planet, scientists were able to get an idea about interior of the red planet. Scientists have inferred that Martian crust is between 24 and 72 kilometers thick and has at least two layers. The mantle is made up of a single layer of rock and is between 400 and 600 kilometers thick. Then comes the core, the core is a much larger layer and has a radius of about 1,830 kilometers. The core is liquid. It was previously thought that Mars did not have geologic activity. But rumblings recorded by InSight in 2019 prove this notion to be incorrect. This is the first time we have been able to get an idea about interior of a planet other than Earth.

Marsquakes reveal secrets of Mars' interior

NASA’s InSight spacecraft, the first robotic lander designed to study the deep interior of a distant world,&nbsp;has detected two sizable quakes on Mars.

NASA is investigating the ''Marsquakes'' of 3.3 and 3.1 temblors in a region called Cerebrus Fossae on the red planet, further supporting this notion that this location is seismically active.

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In the last several weeks, listening for the heartbeat of Mars has revealed two strong, clear quakes from a region where I've felt them before: Cerberus Fossae. These two were magnitude 3.3 and 3.1. So far, I’ve recorded more than 500 marsquakes. 
 
Read: <a href="https://t.co/WKGCVQ1Ro9">https://t.co/WKGCVQ1Ro9</a> <a href="https://t.co/K0FC7r3ATz">pic.twitter.com/K0FC7r3ATz</a>
— NASA InSight (@NASAInSight) <a href="https://twitter.com/NASAInSight/status/1377648175918444552?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">April 1, 2021</a></blockquote>
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InSight has recorded over 500 earthquakes to date, but because of their clear signals, these are the four best quake records for probing the interior of the planet. 
 
Watch: NASA detects two strong quakes on Mars

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''Over the course of the mission, we’ve seen two different types of marsquakes: one that is more ‘Moon-like’ and the other, more ‘Earth-like,'' said&nbsp;Taichi Kawamura of France Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris which helped provide InSight's seismometer. All of the above quakes fell into the prior category.

“The reason why we’re digging into Mars is to better understand not just Mars, but the Earth itself,” said JPL’s Bruce Banerdt, InSight’s principal investigator.

A central question is why Mars, once a relatively warm, wet planet, evolved so differently from Earth into a mostly dry, desolate and cold world, devoid of life.

The answers are believed to have something to do with the as-yet unexplained absence, since Mars’ ancient past, of either a magnetic field or tectonic activity, said NASA’s chief scientist James Green.

While Earth’s tectonics and other forces have erased most evidence of its early history, much of Mars - about one-third the size of Earth - has seemingly remained largely static, creating a geologic time machine for scientists, Green said.

Daredevil landing

InSight’s primary instrument is a French-built seismometer, designed to record the slightest vibrations from “marsquakes” and meteor impacts around the planet. The device, to be placed on the surface by the lander’s robot arm, is so sensitive it can measure a seismic wave just one-half the radius of a hydrogen atom.

John Clinton, a&nbsp;seismologist who InSights Marsquake Service at ETH Zurich said, “It’s wonderful to once again observe marsquakes after a long period of recording wind noise.”

InSight was the eighth spacecraft to have landed successfully on Mars, all of them operated by NASA.

The three-legged lander streaked into the thin Martian atmosphere at 12,300 miles (19,795 km) per hour and plunged 77 miles to the surface within seven minutes, slowed to a gentle touchdown by atmospheric friction, a giant parachute and retro rockets.

The stationary probe was programmed to pause for 16 minutes for the dust to settle, literally, around its landing site, before two disc-shaped solar panels were to be unfurled like wings to provide power to the spacecraft. But scientists did not expect to verify successful deployment of the solar arrays for at least several hours.

The 880-pound (360 kg) InSight - its name is short for Interior Exploration Using Seismic Investigations, Geodesy and Heat Transport,&nbsp;marks the 21st US-launched Mars mission, dating back to the Mariner fly-bys of the 1960s.

Nearly two dozen other Mars missions have been sent from other nations.

NASA’s InSight spacecraft, the first robotic lander designed to study the deep interior of a distant world, has detected two sizable quakes on Mars. NASA is investigating the ''Marsquakes'' of 3.

NASA’s InSight spacecraft, the first robotic lander designed to study the deep interior of a distant world, has detected two sizable quakes on Mars. NASA is investigating the ''Marsquakes'' of 3.3 and 3.1 temblors in a region called Cerebrus Fossae on the red planet, further supporting this notion that this location is seismically active. In the last several weeks, listening for the heartbeat of Mars has revealed two strong, clear quakes from a region where I've felt them before: Cerberus Fossae. These two were magnitude 3.3 and 3.1. So far, I’ve recorded more than 500 marsquakes. Read: https://t.co/WKGCVQ1Ro9 pic.twitter.com/K0FC7r3ATz — NASA InSight (@NASAInSight) April 1, 2021 × InSight has recorded over 500 earthquakes to date, but because of their clear signals, these are the four best quake records for probing the interior of the planet. Watch: NASA detects two strong quakes on Mars ''Over the course of the mission, we’ve seen two different types of marsquakes: one that is more ‘Moon-like’ and the other, more ‘Earth-like,'' said Taichi Kawamura of France Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris which helped provide InSight's seismometer. All of the above quakes fell into the prior category. “The reason why we’re digging into Mars is to better understand not just Mars, but the Earth itself,” said JPL’s Bruce Banerdt, InSight’s principal investigator. A central question is why Mars, once a relatively warm, wet planet, evolved so differently from Earth into a mostly dry, desolate and cold world, devoid of life. The answers are believed to have something to do with the as-yet unexplained absence, since Mars’ ancient past, of either a magnetic field or tectonic activity, said NASA’s chief scientist James Green. While Earth’s tectonics and other forces have erased most evidence of its early history, much of Mars - about one-third the size of Earth - has seemingly remained largely static, creating a geologic time machine for scientists, Green said. Daredevil landing InSight’s primary instrument is a French-built seismometer, designed to record the slightest vibrations from “marsquakes” and meteor impacts around the planet. The device, to be placed on the surface by the lander’s robot arm, is so sensitive it can measure a seismic wave just one-half the radius of a hydrogen atom. John Clinton, a seismologist who InSights Marsquake Service at ETH Zurich said, “It’s wonderful to once again observe marsquakes after a long period of recording wind noise.” InSight was the eighth spacecraft to have landed successfully on Mars, all of them operated by NASA. The three-legged lander streaked into the thin Martian atmosphere at 12,300 miles (19,795 km) per hour and plunged 77 miles to the surface within seven minutes, slowed to a gentle touchdown by atmospheric friction, a giant parachute and retro rockets. The stationary probe was programmed to pause for 16 minutes for the dust to settle, literally, around its landing site, before two disc-shaped solar panels were to be unfurled like wings to provide power to the spacecraft. But scientists did not expect to verify successful deployment of the solar arrays for at least several hours. The 880-pound (360 kg) InSight - its name is short for Interior Exploration Using Seismic Investigations, Geodesy and Heat Transport, marks the 21st US-launched Mars mission, dating back to the Mariner fly-bys of the 1960s. Nearly two dozen other Mars missions have been sent from other nations.

NASA's InSight lander detects two new quakes on Mars

We all know about Earthquakes. But have you heard about 'Marsquakes'? NASA has detected two strong quakes on Mars.

Gravitas: NASA detects two strong quakes on Mars

Scientists said Tuesday they might have <a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/nasa-spacecraft-nears-red-planet-on-mission-to-detect-marsquakes-179340">detected the first known seismic tremor</a> on Mars in a discovery that could shed light on the ancient origins of Earth's neighbour.&nbsp;

A dome-shaped probe known as SEIS landed on the surface of Mars in December after hitching a ride on NASA's InSight spacecraft.&nbsp;

Its instruments measure surface vibrations caused by weather but are also capable of detecting movement from deep within the planet -- so called "marsquakes" -- or those caused by meteorite impacts.&nbsp;

The French space agency Cnes, which operates SEIS, said it had detected "a weak but distinct seismic signal" from the probe.

The team hopes to be able to gather information about the activity at the centre of Mars, hopefully providing insight into its formation billions of years ago.&nbsp;

"It's great to finally have a sign that there's still seismic activity on Mars," said Philippe Lognonne, a researcher at Paris' Institut de Physique du Globe.&nbsp;

"We've waited for our first Martian quake for months."&nbsp;

According to NASA's Bruce Banerdt, the quake detection "marks the birth of a new discipline: Martian seismology."&nbsp;

The team said they were still working to confirm the cause of the tremor, picked up on April 6, and ensure it came from the planet's interior rather than wind or noise distortion.&nbsp;

It said three other similar but weaker signals of tremors had been picked up by the apparatus.&nbsp;

Scientists said Tuesday they might have detected the first known seismic tremor on Mars in a discovery that could shed light on the ancient origins of Earth's neighbour.

Scientists said Tuesday they might have detected the first known seismic tremor on Mars in a discovery that could shed light on the ancient origins of Earth's neighbour. A dome-shaped probe known as SEIS landed on the surface of Mars in December after hitching a ride on NASA's InSight spacecraft. Its instruments measure surface vibrations caused by weather but are also capable of detecting movement from deep within the planet -- so called "marsquakes" -- or those caused by meteorite impacts. The French space agency Cnes, which operates SEIS, said it had detected "a weak but distinct seismic signal" from the probe. The team hopes to be able to gather information about the activity at the centre of Mars, hopefully providing insight into its formation billions of years ago. "It's great to finally have a sign that there's still seismic activity on Mars," said Philippe Lognonne, a researcher at Paris' Institut de Physique du Globe. "We've waited for our first Martian quake for months." According to NASA's Bruce Banerdt, the quake detection "marks the birth of a new discipline: Martian seismology." The team said they were still working to confirm the cause of the tremor, picked up on April 6, and ensure it came from the planet's interior rather than wind or noise distortion. It said three other similar but weaker signals of tremors had been picked up by the apparatus.

'Marsquake': First tremor detected on Red Planet

InSight 'mole' will dig into Mars subsoil, measure planet's heat fluxes

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