A shocking new study has made startling revelations about the rise in global temperatures. A team of scientists analysed Pacific Ocean sediments and found that the world can witness up to 14 degrees rise in temperatures, far more than what the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has predicted.&nbsp;

Doubling atmospheric Carbon Dioxide can push levels beyond current expectations of 2.3 to 4.5 degrees Celsius (4.1 to 8.1 degrees Fahrenheit).

Researchers from NIOZ and the Universities of Utrecht and Bristol studied the Pacific sediments near California and found that Earth’s average temperature can rise by 7 to 14 degrees Celsius (13 to 25.2 degrees Fahrenheit).

“The temperature rise we found is much larger than the 2.3 to 4.5 degrees Celsius (4.1 to 8.1 degrees Fahrenheit) that the UN climate panel, IPCC, has been estimating so far,” said the study's first author, Caitlyn Witkowski.

A method developed 20 years ago at NIOZ, called the TEX86 method, was used to determine the past seawater temperature and to find hints of ancient atmospheric CO2 levels.&nbsp;

A 45-year-old drill core extracted from the bottom of the Pacific Ocean was used for the study. Professor Jaap Sinninghe Damsté, senior scientist at NIOZ and professor of organic geochemistry at Utrecht University, said, "The ocean floor at that spot has had oxygen-free conditions for many millions of years", which made it an attractive candidate.

<h2>The climate study</h2>

To derive past atmospheric CO2 content, researchers used the chemical composition of chlorophyll and cholesterol - the two substances commonly found in algae.

Also Read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/trending/world-will-lose-50-heritage-sites-till-2050-because-of-climate-change-predict-experts-753153">World will lose 50 heritage sites till 2050 because of climate change, predict experts</a>

They found clues that indicate a dramatic drop in CO2 concentration 15 million years ago. It came down from 650 parts per million to 280 just before the industrial revolution.&nbsp;

When the scientists placed the derived temperature and atmospheric CO2 levels of the past 15 million years together, they found that the average temperature at that time was way beyond what we have today. It was on average 18 degrees Celsius (64.4 degrees Fahrenheit): four degrees Celsius (7.2 degrees Fahrenheit) warmer than current temperatures.&nbsp;

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Worryingly, the IPCC predicts temperatures to reach this high in the year 2100 only if the Earth faces the most extreme scenario.

“So, this research gives us a glimpse of what the future could hold if we take too few measures to reduce CO2 emissions," Damsté said.&nbsp;

“The clear warning from this research is: CO2 concentration is likely to have a stronger impact on temperature than we are currently taking into account!”

A shocking new study has made startling revelations about the rise in global temperatures. A team of scientists analysed Pacific Ocean sediments and found that the world can witness up to 14 degrees rise in temperatures, far more than what the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has predicted.

A shocking new study has made startling revelations about the rise in global temperatures. A team of scientists analysed Pacific Ocean sediments and found that the world can witness up to 14 degrees rise in temperatures, far more than what the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has predicted. Doubling atmospheric Carbon Dioxide can push levels beyond current expectations of 2.3 to 4.5 degrees Celsius (4.1 to 8.1 degrees Fahrenheit). Researchers from NIOZ and the Universities of Utrecht and Bristol studied the Pacific sediments near California and found that Earth’s average temperature can rise by 7 to 14 degrees Celsius (13 to 25.2 degrees Fahrenheit). “The temperature rise we found is much larger than the 2.3 to 4.5 degrees Celsius (4.1 to 8.1 degrees Fahrenheit) that the UN climate panel, IPCC, has been estimating so far,” said the study's first author, Caitlyn Witkowski. A method developed 20 years ago at NIOZ, called the TEX86 method, was used to determine the past seawater temperature and to find hints of ancient atmospheric CO2 levels. A 45-year-old drill core extracted from the bottom of the Pacific Ocean was used for the study. Professor Jaap Sinninghe Damsté, senior scientist at NIOZ and professor of organic geochemistry at Utrecht University, said, "The ocean floor at that spot has had oxygen-free conditions for many millions of years", which made it an attractive candidate. The climate study To derive past atmospheric CO2 content, researchers used the chemical composition of chlorophyll and cholesterol - the two substances commonly found in algae. Also Read: World will lose 50 heritage sites till 2050 because of climate change, predict experts They found clues that indicate a dramatic drop in CO2 concentration 15 million years ago. It came down from 650 parts per million to 280 just before the industrial revolution. When the scientists placed the derived temperature and atmospheric CO2 levels of the past 15 million years together, they found that the average temperature at that time was way beyond what we have today. It was on average 18 degrees Celsius (64.4 degrees Fahrenheit): four degrees Celsius (7.2 degrees Fahrenheit) warmer than current temperatures. × Worryingly, the IPCC predicts temperatures to reach this high in the year 2100 only if the Earth faces the most extreme scenario. “So, this research gives us a glimpse of what the future could hold if we take too few measures to reduce CO2 emissions," Damsté said. “The clear warning from this research is: CO2 concentration is likely to have a stronger impact on temperature than we are currently taking into account!”

Earth can get hotter by 25 degrees, shocking new climate study predicts

With his renewed mandate, Prime Minister Narendra Modi has much to achieve in his third term.

This includes moving India into a “green era” with an aim of 500 GW of non-fossil energy by 2030.

Coal is still dominant, constituting 75 per cent&nbsp;of India’s electricity generation.

Nonetheless, despite adding over 100 GW of renewable capacity in the past decade, India has a high increase in electricity demand that strains the ageing power grid.

India plans to add new coal projects estimated at 90 GW by 2032 to meet these demands.

A total investment of $29 billion towards infrastructure is needed, the majority being on new transmission lines.

Additionally, the relevance of such projects is affected by the fragile financial condition of distribution companies, which affects the quality and stable supply conditions for energy.

Smart metering aims to improve grid profitability under a massive INR3 lakh crore project ($42 bn).

The present strategy focuses on coal expansion, which may not be cost-effective or dependable in the long run.

However, there can be a move towards a more distributed green economy with a potentially more fragmented coalition government.

Such a move could create regional growth and distribute benefits from clean energy investments.

This transition could boost economic chances in less-privileged areas when it couples green policies with local development objectives.

As a result of global climate change, including increased temperatures and droughts, the incorporation of renewable energy and storage solutions offers a way forward.

With his renewed mandate, Prime Minister Narendra Modi has much to achieve in his third term. This includes moving India into a “green era” with an aim of 500 GW of non-fossil energy by 2030.

With his renewed mandate, Prime Minister Narendra Modi has much to achieve in his third term. This includes moving India into a “green era” with an aim of 500 GW of non-fossil energy by 2030. Coal is still dominant, constituting 75 per cent of India’s electricity generation. Nonetheless, despite adding over 100 GW of renewable capacity in the past decade, India has a high increase in electricity demand that strains the ageing power grid. India plans to add new coal projects estimated at 90 GW by 2032 to meet these demands. A total investment of $29 billion towards infrastructure is needed, the majority being on new transmission lines. Additionally, the relevance of such projects is affected by the fragile financial condition of distribution companies, which affects the quality and stable supply conditions for energy. Smart metering aims to improve grid profitability under a massive INR3 lakh crore project ($42 bn). The present strategy focuses on coal expansion, which may not be cost-effective or dependable in the long run. However, there can be a move towards a more distributed green economy with a potentially more fragmented coalition government. Such a move could create regional growth and distribute benefits from clean energy investments. This transition could boost economic chances in less-privileged areas when it couples green policies with local development objectives. As a result of global climate change, including increased temperatures and droughts, the incorporation of renewable energy and storage solutions offers a way forward.

Can Modi 3.0 deliver on its climate goals?

Cyclone Michaung&nbsp;is right in the spotlight as it barrels through Southern Indian states, prompting&nbsp;large-scale rescue operations in cities now inundated.&nbsp;This&nbsp;adds to the alarming tally of climate catastrophes this year in India.&nbsp;

The country saw an intense onslaught of extreme weather events in the first nine months of this year, impacting a staggering 86 per cent&nbsp;of days, as detailed in a <a href="file:///C:/Users/sneha.swaminathan/Downloads/http___cdn.cseindia.org_attachments_0.44877000_1701166658_extreme-weather-events-2023%20(2).pdf">report by the Centre for Science and Environment</a> (CSE).&nbsp;The aftermath was severe, with 2,923 lives lost, nearly two million hectares of crops wiped out, 80,000 homes destroyed, and over 92,000 animals perished.&nbsp;

Unveiling what's termed the 'new normal,' the CSE's report, named "India 2023: An Assessment of Extreme Weather Events," sheds light on a transformative shift in the country's climate landscape.

In a global context, research points to a surge in the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events worldwide, primarily linked to climate change driven by the burning of fossil fuels.

Despite the 2015 Paris Agreement's call to limit the average temperature rise to well below 2°C, preferably 1.5°C, current reports hint at a significant departure. This necessitates significant reductions in greenhouse gas emissions to counteract global warming.

<a href="https://www.wionews.com/india-news/data-lab-india-feels-the-heat-what-happens-if-the-current-warming-trend-continues-600497">Also read |&nbsp;Data Lab | India feels the heat: What happens if the current heatwave trend continues?</a>

The CSE's report delves into regional disparities within India. Madhya Pradesh topped the charts in recording extreme weather events, while Bihar, Himachal Pradesh, and Uttar Pradesh witnessed the highest human casualties. Punjab witnessed the highest animal deaths, and Himachal Pradesh reported maximum damage to homes. Down south, Kerala faced the brunt with the highest count of extreme weather days and deaths, while Telangana encountered substantial agricultural losses.

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Vulnerability echoes across regions, with Uttar Pradesh facing the most extreme weather days in northwest India. In the east and northeast, Assam witnessed a substantial number of extreme weather events, underscoring the varied challenges each region grapples with.

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Analysing month by month, the CSE's scrutiny brought to the fore notable temperature anomalies.

January was slightly warmer than average, and February shattered records as the warmest in 122 years.

India experienced its driest August and the sixth driest February in over a century. Lightning and storms dominated, claiming lives, predominantly in Bihar.

However, the most substantial devastation resulted from heavy rains, floods, and landslides, causing over 1,900 casualties.

"This worrying trend is mainly due to global warming and climate change. The increasing heat is causing more droughts, affecting our water supply and food. Also, our oceans are getting warmer, which leads to stronger cyclones with more rain. These heatwaves are not just uncomfortable; they're dangerous, especially for our elderly and children. India, with its long coastline, will face more cyclones, and our inland areas will suffer from more heatwaves. This is a big problem that needs immediate action," Shivang Agarwal, PhD scholar specialising in climate change at Johns Hopkins University, told WION.&nbsp;

"The country's future outlook hinges on both national and international efforts to address these challenges, emphasising the need for robust resilience systems and international cooperation in climate finance and policy reform," he adds.&nbsp;

&nbsp;

It is important to note that India, in the past ten years has significantly committed resources to enhance its capabilities in predicting storms. These initiatives allow for prompt evaluations of cyclone formation and characteristics, enabling the timely dissemination of warnings to both the government and the public, says Nimish Singh, Associate Fellow at The Energy Research Institute (TERI), New Delhi.

"Establishing a similar early warning system for other extreme events is imperative, and sharing this information with the public will strengthen India's resilience infrastructure. Furthermore, providing incentives such as monetary risk coverage for farmers and start-up entrepreneurs can mitigate the compounded effects of these calamities on the general public," he adds.&nbsp;

<a href="https://www.wionews.com/india-news/global-rankings-predict-high-risk-to-indian-states-due-to-climate-change-564342">Also read |&nbsp;Global rankings predict high risk to Indian states due to climate change</a>

<h2>2023 on track to be the hottest year on record</h2>

With just a month left in the year, 2023 is hurtling towards a global warming milestone, set to surpass 1.4 degrees Celsius (2.5 Fahrenheit) above preindustrial levels, creating what the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) describes as a "deafening cacophony" of shattered climate records.

The WMO's early assessment in the provisional State of the Global Climate report leaves no room for doubt – 2023 is destined to become the hottest year on record, surpassing the previous 2016 benchmark when the world was roughly 1.2°C warmer than the preindustrial average.

This revelation intensifies the sense of urgency gripping world leaders grappling with the monumental task of phasing out fossil fuels, a central theme at the United Nations' annual climate summit COP28 being held&nbsp;in Dubai. As COP28 unfolds, the world watches eagerly, awaiting the outcomes and anticipating the climate agenda it will set for the pivotal year of 2024.

The significance of COP28 lies not just in the immediate decisions it may produce but in the trajectory it sets for the collective climate efforts moving forward.

Will it set a climate agenda for 2024 with no room for complacency? All we know is that the climate agenda for 2024 cannot be something about which we can be lax.

&nbsp;

Cyclone Michaung is right in the spotlight as it barrels through Southern Indian states, prompting large-scale rescue operations in cities now inundated. This adds to the alarming tally of climate catastrophes this year in India.

Cyclone Michaung is right in the spotlight as it barrels through Southern Indian states, prompting large-scale rescue operations in cities now inundated. This adds to the alarming tally of climate catastrophes this year in India. The country saw an intense onslaught of extreme weather events in the first nine months of this year, impacting a staggering 86 per cent of days, as detailed in a report by the Centre for Science and Environment (CSE). The aftermath was severe, with 2,923 lives lost, nearly two million hectares of crops wiped out, 80,000 homes destroyed, and over 92,000 animals perished. Unveiling what's termed the 'new normal,' the CSE's report, named "India 2023: An Assessment of Extreme Weather Events," sheds light on a transformative shift in the country's climate landscape. In a global context, research points to a surge in the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events worldwide, primarily linked to climate change driven by the burning of fossil fuels. Despite the 2015 Paris Agreement's call to limit the average temperature rise to well below 2°C, preferably 1.5°C, current reports hint at a significant departure. This necessitates significant reductions in greenhouse gas emissions to counteract global warming. Also read | Data Lab | India feels the heat: What happens if the current heatwave trend continues? The CSE's report delves into regional disparities within India. Madhya Pradesh topped the charts in recording extreme weather events, while Bihar, Himachal Pradesh, and Uttar Pradesh witnessed the highest human casualties. Punjab witnessed the highest animal deaths, and Himachal Pradesh reported maximum damage to homes. Down south, Kerala faced the brunt with the highest count of extreme weather days and deaths, while Telangana encountered substantial agricultural losses. × *Note : This is an immersive map. Please hover over it for the latest data* Vulnerability echoes across regions, with Uttar Pradesh facing the most extreme weather days in northwest India. In the east and northeast, Assam witnessed a substantial number of extreme weather events, underscoring the varied challenges each region grapples with. × *Note : This is an immersive graph. Please hover over it for the latest data* Analysing month by month, the CSE's scrutiny brought to the fore notable temperature anomalies. January was slightly warmer than average, and February shattered records as the warmest in 122 years. India experienced its driest August and the sixth driest February in over a century. Lightning and storms dominated, claiming lives, predominantly in Bihar. However, the most substantial devastation resulted from heavy rains, floods, and landslides, causing over 1,900 casualties. "This worrying trend is mainly due to global warming and climate change. The increasing heat is causing more droughts, affecting our water supply and food. Also, our oceans are getting warmer, which leads to stronger cyclones with more rain. These heatwaves are not just uncomfortable; they're dangerous, especially for our elderly and children. India, with its long coastline, will face more cyclones, and our inland areas will suffer from more heatwaves. This is a big problem that needs immediate action," Shivang Agarwal, PhD scholar specialising in climate change at Johns Hopkins University, told WION. "The country's future outlook hinges on both national and international efforts to address these challenges, emphasising the need for robust resilience systems and international cooperation in climate finance and policy reform," he adds. It is important to note that India, in the past ten years has significantly committed resources to enhance its capabilities in predicting storms. These initiatives allow for prompt evaluations of cyclone formation and characteristics, enabling the timely dissemination of warnings to both the government and the public, says Nimish Singh, Associate Fellow at The Energy Research Institute (TERI), New Delhi. "Establishing a similar early warning system for other extreme events is imperative, and sharing this information with the public will strengthen India's resilience infrastructure. Furthermore, providing incentives such as monetary risk coverage for farmers and start-up entrepreneurs can mitigate the compounded effects of these calamities on the general public," he adds. Also read | Global rankings predict high risk to Indian states due to climate change 2023 on track to be the hottest year on record With just a month left in the year, 2023 is hurtling towards a global warming milestone, set to surpass 1.4 degrees Celsius (2.5 Fahrenheit) above preindustrial levels, creating what the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) describes as a "deafening cacophony" of shattered climate records. The WMO's early assessment in the provisional State of the Global Climate report leaves no room for doubt – 2023 is destined to become the hottest year on record, surpassing the previous 2016 benchmark when the world was roughly 1.2°C warmer than the preindustrial average. This revelation intensifies the sense of urgency gripping world leaders grappling with the monumental task of phasing out fossil fuels, a central theme at the United Nations' annual climate summit COP28 being held in Dubai. As COP28 unfolds, the world watches eagerly, awaiting the outcomes and anticipating the climate agenda it will set for the pivotal year of 2024. The significance of COP28 lies not just in the immediate decisions it may produce but in the trajectory it sets for the collective climate efforts moving forward. Will it set a climate agenda for 2024 with no room for complacency? All we know is that the climate agenda for 2024 cannot be something about which we can be lax.

Data lab: India saw at least one major weather event each day in 2023. Cyclone Michaung adds to the tally

India is already experiencing a warming climate. Around the globe, countries are experiencing unusual and unprecedented aftermaths of climate change. The question arises: In what ways the climate change could impact India?

From heatwaves to erratic monsoons, 10 ways climate change will impact India