The Sun has released intense solar flares that could trigger a massive geomagnetic storm in Earth’s magnetic field. This could turn into bright aurora displays on Earth specifically in parts of the United States on Tuesday (Jan 23), as per the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) Space Weather Prediction Center.

The auroras are predicted to be seen best in the northern and upper Midwest states of the US. Apart from the US states, auroral activity can also be seen in Alaska and Canada on Tuesday night, according to near-real-time aurora forecast projections from NOAA.

Also Read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/ax-3-mission-all-european-astronaut-crew-successfully-reaches-iss-682547">Ax-3 Mission: All-European astronaut crew successfully reaches ISS</a>

<h2>Why is Sun releasing intense solar flares?</h2>

According to experts at the Space Weather Prediction Center, solar flares are released due to solar eruptions inside the Sun. This eruption occurs due to the Solar Cycle that occurs rapidly inside the Sun. As per experts, this Solar Cycle officially began in 2019.

The peak of this solar eruption, known as solar maximum, is expected to arrive in October 2024, as per Live Science’s prediction.

However, the Space Weather Prediction Center said that the peak of the solar eruption could arrive sooner than expected and would be more explosive than thought earlier.

Also Read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/a-black-hole-in-the-centre-of-a-bright-globular-cluster-may-be-emitting-mysterious-radio-signals-682680">A black hole in the centre of a bright globular cluster may be emitting mysterious radio signals</a>

During this peak, "we should expect to see more sunspots, each of which is a region of intense magnetic activity capable of producing solar flares and coronal mass ejections," said NOAA.

The solar activity is expected to last several years and will not harm humans, but could trigger strong space weather events that will disrupt radio and satellite infrastructure.

<h2>How do solar flares generate geomagnetic storms that could trigger aurora displays?</h2>

Solar flares are intense bursts of electromagnetic radiation that are generated in the Sun’s atmosphere. These flares can release magnetised plasma bubbles into space, which are known as coronal mass ejections (CME).

These highly energetic clouds expand outward and try to slam into Earth’s magnetosphere. The magnetosphere is the magnetic field that envelops our planet and protects the surface from the most severe space weather.

Also Read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/laser-instrument-on-nasas-robotic-spacecraft-successfully-pings-chandrayaan-3-vikram-lander-682720">Laser instrument on NASA’s robotic spacecraft successfully ‘pings’ Chandrayaan-3 Vikram lander</a>

This collision can cause a geomagnetic storm, which can produce auroral displays due to CME’s energised particles, which have ionised oxygen and nitrogen molecules in the atmosphere.&nbsp;

These storms can sometimes interfere with satellites but cause no harm to humans. They can simply enjoy the aurora sighting in bright displays.

Several forecasts have suggested that the US states of Vermont, Minnesota and Wisconsin have the highest chance of spotting these dancing lights.&nbsp;

(With inputs from agencies)&nbsp;

The Sun has released intense solar flares that could trigger a massive geomagnetic storm in Earth’s magnetic field. This could turn into bright aurora displays on Earth specifically in parts of the United States on Tuesday (Jan 23), as per the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) Space Weather Prediction Center.

The Sun has released intense solar flares that could trigger a massive geomagnetic storm in Earth’s magnetic field. This could turn into bright aurora displays on Earth specifically in parts of the United States on Tuesday (Jan 23), as per the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) Space Weather Prediction Center. The auroras are predicted to be seen best in the northern and upper Midwest states of the US. Apart from the US states, auroral activity can also be seen in Alaska and Canada on Tuesday night, according to near-real-time aurora forecast projections from NOAA. Also Read | Ax-3 Mission: All-European astronaut crew successfully reaches ISS Why is Sun releasing intense solar flares? According to experts at the Space Weather Prediction Center, solar flares are released due to solar eruptions inside the Sun. This eruption occurs due to the Solar Cycle that occurs rapidly inside the Sun. As per experts, this Solar Cycle officially began in 2019. The peak of this solar eruption, known as solar maximum, is expected to arrive in October 2024, as per Live Science’s prediction. However, the Space Weather Prediction Center said that the peak of the solar eruption could arrive sooner than expected and would be more explosive than thought earlier. Also Read | A black hole in the centre of a bright globular cluster may be emitting mysterious radio signals During this peak, "we should expect to see more sunspots, each of which is a region of intense magnetic activity capable of producing solar flares and coronal mass ejections," said NOAA. The solar activity is expected to last several years and will not harm humans, but could trigger strong space weather events that will disrupt radio and satellite infrastructure. How do solar flares generate geomagnetic storms that could trigger aurora displays? Solar flares are intense bursts of electromagnetic radiation that are generated in the Sun’s atmosphere. These flares can release magnetised plasma bubbles into space, which are known as coronal mass ejections (CME). These highly energetic clouds expand outward and try to slam into Earth’s magnetosphere. The magnetosphere is the magnetic field that envelops our planet and protects the surface from the most severe space weather. Also Read | Laser instrument on NASA’s robotic spacecraft successfully ‘pings’ Chandrayaan-3 Vikram lander This collision can cause a geomagnetic storm, which can produce auroral displays due to CME’s energised particles, which have ionised oxygen and nitrogen molecules in the atmosphere. These storms can sometimes interfere with satellites but cause no harm to humans. They can simply enjoy the aurora sighting in bright displays. Several forecasts have suggested that the US states of Vermont, Minnesota and Wisconsin have the highest chance of spotting these dancing lights. (With inputs from agencies)

Massive solar flares to trigger beautiful auroras in these parts of US

Scientists have confirmed that several geomagnetic storms are going to hit Earth this week.

Geomagnetic storms are caused by ejections of the solar corona into space, resulting in disturbances to the Earth's upper atmosphere and increased drag on objects in low orbits.

"There is a chance of enhancements to the auroral oval at times during 13th and 14th March as a result of two Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs) and a coronal hole high-speed stream arriving at Earth," the British Met Office advised.&nbsp;

<div class="videoWrapper trancodeVideo"><iframe allowfullscreen="" autoplay="1" class="includeVideo" frameborder="0" height="350" src="https://www.wionews.com/videos/what-is-geomagnetic-storm-which-destroyed-40-spacex-satellites-451796/embed" style="width:100%;max-width:560px;" width="560"></iframe></div>

The storm, a big cloud of charged particles that will fling from the Sun at about 4.5 million miles per hour (7.2 million km per hour), will be spawned by a pair of solar flares, scientists said.

This is probably the strongest such event in nearly six years, and is likely more intense than a similar storm in late January, said Joseph Kunches, a space weather specialist at the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA).

This solar disturbance is a three-stage affair, or as Kunches said in a telephone interview from Boulder, Colorado: “We hit the trifecta.”

In the first stage, two solar flares moving at nearly the speed of light reached Earth late on Tuesday. Such flares can cause radio blackouts.

Then, solar radiation hit Earth’s magnetic field on Wednesday, with possible impact on air traffic, especially near the poles, satellites and any astronauts taking space walks. This phase could last for days.

Finally, the plasma cloud sent by the coronal mass ejection, which is basically a big chunk of the Sun’s atmosphere, is expected to arrive at Earth early on Thursday.

This phase can disrupt power grids, satellites, oil pipelines and high-accuracy GPS systems used by oil drillers, surveyors and some agricultural operations, scientists said.

<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/80-of-starlink-satellites-launched-by-spacex-to-be-destroyed-by-geomagnetic-storm-451722">Also read |&nbsp;80% of Starlink satellites launched by SpaceX to be destroyed by geomagnetic storm</a>

There are approximately 4,000 active satellites in this space, which extends to 1,200 miles above the surface, as well as 15,000 pieces of debris like rocket bodies and defunct probes, according to space industry analyst Seradata.

GPS systems used for less-refined functions, such as the turn-by-turn navigation found in many cars, should not be affected, according to NOAA’s Doug Biesiecker.

Kunches said the geomagnetic component of the storm may arrive a bit ahead of schedule because it follows a previous storm that left the Sun on Sunday and is currently buffeting the Earth’s magnetosphere.

“When you’ve already had one coronal mass ejection storm, sometimes the next coronal mass ejection storm is faster to get here,” Kunches said.

These storms could produce some vivid auroras, according to experts. In the Northern Hemisphere, the aurora borealis could be visible at mid-latitudes, which in the United States could include New York, Illinois and Iowa.

Such stormy space weather is unusual in recent history, according to Harlan Spence, an astrophysicist at the University of New Hampshire who is principal investigator on the Cosmic Ray Telescope for the Effects of Radiation (CRaTER) aboard NASA’s Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter.

“These relatively large (solar) events, which we’ve had maybe a couple of handfuls total in the course of a decade, we’ve now had two or three of them, more or less right on top of each other,” Spence said by telephone.

The Sun is on the ascendant phase of its 11-year cycle of solar activity, with the peak expected next year, scientists said.

“It’s a clear harbinger that the Sun is waking up,” Spence said. “We’re trying to put this in context not only ... of what has the Sun done in the past, but what is the biggest thing the Sun is capable of and what should we be planning for in terms of extreme sorts of events in the future.”

(With inputs from agencies)

Scientists have confirmed that several geomagnetic storms are going to hit Earth this week. Geomagnetic storms are caused by ejections of the solar corona into space, resulting in disturbances to the Earth's upper atmosphere and increased drag on objects in low orbits.

Scientists have confirmed that several geomagnetic storms are going to hit Earth this week. Geomagnetic storms are caused by ejections of the solar corona into space, resulting in disturbances to the Earth's upper atmosphere and increased drag on objects in low orbits. "There is a chance of enhancements to the auroral oval at times during 13th and 14th March as a result of two Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs) and a coronal hole high-speed stream arriving at Earth," the British Met Office advised. The storm, a big cloud of charged particles that will fling from the Sun at about 4.5 million miles per hour (7.2 million km per hour), will be spawned by a pair of solar flares, scientists said. This is probably the strongest such event in nearly six years, and is likely more intense than a similar storm in late January, said Joseph Kunches, a space weather specialist at the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). This solar disturbance is a three-stage affair, or as Kunches said in a telephone interview from Boulder, Colorado: “We hit the trifecta.” In the first stage, two solar flares moving at nearly the speed of light reached Earth late on Tuesday. Such flares can cause radio blackouts. Then, solar radiation hit Earth’s magnetic field on Wednesday, with possible impact on air traffic, especially near the poles, satellites and any astronauts taking space walks. This phase could last for days. Finally, the plasma cloud sent by the coronal mass ejection, which is basically a big chunk of the Sun’s atmosphere, is expected to arrive at Earth early on Thursday. This phase can disrupt power grids, satellites, oil pipelines and high-accuracy GPS systems used by oil drillers, surveyors and some agricultural operations, scientists said. Also read | 80% of Starlink satellites launched by SpaceX to be destroyed by geomagnetic storm There are approximately 4,000 active satellites in this space, which extends to 1,200 miles above the surface, as well as 15,000 pieces of debris like rocket bodies and defunct probes, according to space industry analyst Seradata. GPS systems used for less-refined functions, such as the turn-by-turn navigation found in many cars, should not be affected, according to NOAA’s Doug Biesiecker. Kunches said the geomagnetic component of the storm may arrive a bit ahead of schedule because it follows a previous storm that left the Sun on Sunday and is currently buffeting the Earth’s magnetosphere. “When you’ve already had one coronal mass ejection storm, sometimes the next coronal mass ejection storm is faster to get here,” Kunches said. These storms could produce some vivid auroras, according to experts. In the Northern Hemisphere, the aurora borealis could be visible at mid-latitudes, which in the United States could include New York, Illinois and Iowa. Such stormy space weather is unusual in recent history, according to Harlan Spence, an astrophysicist at the University of New Hampshire who is principal investigator on the Cosmic Ray Telescope for the Effects of Radiation (CRaTER) aboard NASA’s Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter. “These relatively large (solar) events, which we’ve had maybe a couple of handfuls total in the course of a decade, we’ve now had two or three of them, more or less right on top of each other,” Spence said by telephone. The Sun is on the ascendant phase of its 11-year cycle of solar activity, with the peak expected next year, scientists said. “It’s a clear harbinger that the Sun is waking up,” Spence said. “We’re trying to put this in context not only ... of what has the Sun done in the past, but what is the biggest thing the Sun is capable of and what should we be planning for in terms of extreme sorts of events in the future.” (With inputs from agencies)

Scientists confirm several geomagnetic storms are going to hit Earth this week

One week after the planet was battered by a mild geomagnetic storm, the Sun has once again ejected powerful eruptions towards us. As solar activity rises, the Sun has blasted off a filament eruption that will hit the Earth on Wednesday and Thursday, causing another geomagnetic storm.

Models compiled by the Indian Institute of Science Education and Research's Center of Excellence in Space Sciences point to a very high probability of a material whizzing past our planet at a speed of 21,60,000 kilometres per hour or&nbsp;451-615 kilometres per second&nbsp;impacting the Earth.

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/30000-meteorites-are-hiding-across-antarctica-as-per-this-treasure-map-created-by-artificial-intelligence-451559" hreflang="en">30,000 meteorites are hiding across Antarctica as per this 'treasure map' created by artificial intelligence</a>

There is, however, no expectation that the impact will be hazardous. "The impact is unlikely to be very hazardous. Moderate geomagnetic storms are likely," CESS said in a tweet.

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Our DBM model fit indicates very high probability of Earth impact with modern speed in the range 451-615 km/s with arrival time uncertainty ranging from 9 FEB 05:48 UT to 10 FEB 09:53 UT. The impact is unlikely to be very hazardous. Moderate geomagnetic storms are likely. <a href="https://t.co/NxtN0ZpCja">pic.twitter.com/NxtN0ZpCja</a>
— Center of Excellence in Space Sciences India (@cessi_iiserkol) <a href="https://twitter.com/cessi_iiserkol/status/1490706600293666820?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">February 7, 2022</a></blockquote>
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CMEs are large ejections of plasma and magnetic fields that originate from the Sun's corona. They are capable of ejecting billions of tons of coronal material as they travel outward from the Sun at speeds ranging from slower than 250 kilometres per second (km/s) up to nearly 3000 km/s.&nbsp;

When a CME collides with the Earth, it causes a geomagnetic storm.

Space Weather Prediction Center, part of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, reports that CMEs to Earth can reach Earth in mere 15-18 hours if they are fast enough.

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/photos/mysterious-radio-waves-from-space-object-are-aliens-calling-448016" hreflang="en">Mysterious radio waves from space object. Are aliens calling?</a>

Website spaceweather.com reports that the coronal mass ejection may trigger G1-class geomagnetic storms because the explosion peaked at C3, which is considered to be a weak category.

An explosion took place on the solar surface over a period of three hours, ejecting material into the vacuum of space.

Geomagnetic storms are major disturbances of Earth's magnetosphere caused by a massive exchange of energy from the solar wind into the space environment surrounding the Earth.&nbsp;

A geomagnetic storm&nbsp;of this class will likely affect satellite operations in a minor way, cause minor fluctuations in power grids, and cause auroras to be visible in high latitudes.

Although the current space environment is normal, the CESS predicted flares of M/X class in the coming days.

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Couple of solar active regions are being flagged by the CESSI algorithm to be potentially flare productive. Chances of M/X class flares to persist. Current space environmental condition is nominal. 
//END// <a href="https://t.co/4Q8zreahEY">pic.twitter.com/4Q8zreahEY</a>
— Center of Excellence in Space Sciences India (@cessi_iiserkol) <a href="https://twitter.com/cessi_iiserkol/status/1490706607193223171?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">February 7, 2022</a></blockquote>
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&nbsp;

One week after the planet was battered by a mild geomagnetic storm, the Sun has once again ejected powerful eruptions towards us. As solar activity rises, the Sun has blasted off a filament eruption that will hit the Earth on Wednesday and Thursday, causing another geomagnetic storm.

One week after the planet was battered by a mild geomagnetic storm, the Sun has once again ejected powerful eruptions towards us. As solar activity rises, the Sun has blasted off a filament eruption that will hit the Earth on Wednesday and Thursday, causing another geomagnetic storm. Models compiled by the Indian Institute of Science Education and Research's Center of Excellence in Space Sciences point to a very high probability of a material whizzing past our planet at a speed of 21,60,000 kilometres per hour or 451-615 kilometres per second impacting the Earth. Also read | 30,000 meteorites are hiding across Antarctica as per this 'treasure map' created by artificial intelligence There is, however, no expectation that the impact will be hazardous. "The impact is unlikely to be very hazardous. Moderate geomagnetic storms are likely," CESS said in a tweet. Our DBM model fit indicates very high probability of Earth impact with modern speed in the range 451-615 km/s with arrival time uncertainty ranging from 9 FEB 05:48 UT to 10 FEB 09:53 UT. The impact is unlikely to be very hazardous. Moderate geomagnetic storms are likely. pic.twitter.com/NxtN0ZpCja — Center of Excellence in Space Sciences India (@cessi_iiserkol) February 7, 2022 × CMEs are large ejections of plasma and magnetic fields that originate from the Sun's corona. They are capable of ejecting billions of tons of coronal material as they travel outward from the Sun at speeds ranging from slower than 250 kilometres per second (km/s) up to nearly 3000 km/s. When a CME collides with the Earth, it causes a geomagnetic storm. Space Weather Prediction Center, part of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, reports that CMEs to Earth can reach Earth in mere 15-18 hours if they are fast enough. Also read | Mysterious radio waves from space object. Are aliens calling? Website spaceweather.com reports that the coronal mass ejection may trigger G1-class geomagnetic storms because the explosion peaked at C3, which is considered to be a weak category. An explosion took place on the solar surface over a period of three hours, ejecting material into the vacuum of space. Geomagnetic storms are major disturbances of Earth's magnetosphere caused by a massive exchange of energy from the solar wind into the space environment surrounding the Earth. A geomagnetic storm of this class will likely affect satellite operations in a minor way, cause minor fluctuations in power grids, and cause auroras to be visible in high latitudes. Although the current space environment is normal, the CESS predicted flares of M/X class in the coming days. Couple of solar active regions are being flagged by the CESSI algorithm to be potentially flare productive. Chances of M/X class flares to persist. Current space environmental condition is nominal. //END// pic.twitter.com/4Q8zreahEY — Center of Excellence in Space Sciences India (@cessi_iiserkol) February 7, 2022 ×

Today, solar eruptions will hit the planet, causing a geomagnetic storm

Billionaire Elon Musk's company SpaceX has said that 80 per cent&nbsp;of Starlink satellites it had launched will be lost due to a geomagnetic storm.

“Unfortunately, the satellites deployed on Thursday were significantly impacted by a geomagnetic storm on Friday,” SpaceX said in a statement.&nbsp;

“These storms cause the atmosphere to warm and atmospheric density at our low deployment altitudes to increase.”

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"Preliminary analysis show the increased drag at the low altitudes prevented the satellites from leaving safe mode to begin orbit-raising maneuvers, and up to 40 of the satellites will reenter or already have reentered the Earth’s atmosphere," it added.

As solar activity rises, the Sun has blasted off a filament eruption that will hit the Earth on Wednesday and Thursday, causing another geomagnetic storm.

Models compiled by the Indian Institute of Science Education and Research's Center of Excellence in Space Sciences point to a very high probability of a material whizzing past our planet at a speed of 21,60,000 kilometres per hour or 451-615 kilometres per second impacting the Earth.

<div class="ui-state-default" contenteditable="false">
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//CESSI SPACE WEATHER BULLETIN//07 FEB 2022//SUMMARY: NOMINAL SPACE WEATHER// A filament eruption was observed on the Sun south of disk center on 06 FEB. SOHO LASCO detected a partial halo CME being launched soon thereafter. 
+ <a href="https://t.co/0o5Z0QjSRH">pic.twitter.com/0o5Z0QjSRH</a>
— Center of Excellence in Space Sciences India (@cessi_iiserkol) <a href="https://twitter.com/cessi_iiserkol/status/1490706584321679362?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">February 7, 2022</a></blockquote>
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There is, however, no expectation that the impact will be hazardous. "The impact is unlikely to be very hazardous. Moderate geomagnetic storms are likely," CESS said in a tweet.

"The deorbiting satellites pose zero collision risk with other satellites and by design demise upon atmospheric reentry — meaning no orbital debris is created and no satellite parts hit the ground," SpaceX wrote of the satellites' reentry.&nbsp;

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/technology/spacex-installing-satellite-internet-constellation-to-restore-tongas-internet-451312" hreflang="en">SpaceX installing satellite internet constellation to restore Tonga's internet</a>

"This unique situation demonstrates the great lengths the Starlink team has gone to ensure the system is on the leading edge of on-orbit debris mitigation."

CMEs are large ejections of plasma and magnetic fields that originate from the Sun's corona. They are capable of ejecting billions of tons of coronal material as they travel outward from the Sun at speeds ranging from slower than 250 kilometres per second (km/s) up to nearly 3000 km/s.&nbsp;

When a CME collides with the Earth, it causes a geomagnetic storm.

Space Weather Prediction Center, part of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, reports that CMEs to Earth can reach Earth in mere 15-18 hours if they are fast enough.

&nbsp;

Billionaire Elon Musk's company SpaceX has said that 80 per cent of Starlink satellites it had launched will be lost due to a geomagnetic storm. “Unfortunately, the satellites deployed on Thursday were significantly impacted by a geomagnetic storm on Friday,” SpaceX said in a statement.

Billionaire Elon Musk's company SpaceX has said that 80 per cent of Starlink satellites it had launched will be lost due to a geomagnetic storm. “Unfortunately, the satellites deployed on Thursday were significantly impacted by a geomagnetic storm on Friday,” SpaceX said in a statement. “These storms cause the atmosphere to warm and atmospheric density at our low deployment altitudes to increase.” "Preliminary analysis show the increased drag at the low altitudes prevented the satellites from leaving safe mode to begin orbit-raising maneuvers, and up to 40 of the satellites will reenter or already have reentered the Earth’s atmosphere," it added. As solar activity rises, the Sun has blasted off a filament eruption that will hit the Earth on Wednesday and Thursday, causing another geomagnetic storm. Models compiled by the Indian Institute of Science Education and Research's Center of Excellence in Space Sciences point to a very high probability of a material whizzing past our planet at a speed of 21,60,000 kilometres per hour or 451-615 kilometres per second impacting the Earth. //CESSI SPACE WEATHER BULLETIN//07 FEB 2022//SUMMARY: NOMINAL SPACE WEATHER// A filament eruption was observed on the Sun south of disk center on 06 FEB. SOHO LASCO detected a partial halo CME being launched soon thereafter. + pic.twitter.com/0o5Z0QjSRH — Center of Excellence in Space Sciences India (@cessi_iiserkol) February 7, 2022 × There is, however, no expectation that the impact will be hazardous. "The impact is unlikely to be very hazardous. Moderate geomagnetic storms are likely," CESS said in a tweet. "The deorbiting satellites pose zero collision risk with other satellites and by design demise upon atmospheric reentry — meaning no orbital debris is created and no satellite parts hit the ground," SpaceX wrote of the satellites' reentry. Also read | SpaceX installing satellite internet constellation to restore Tonga's internet "This unique situation demonstrates the great lengths the Starlink team has gone to ensure the system is on the leading edge of on-orbit debris mitigation." CMEs are large ejections of plasma and magnetic fields that originate from the Sun's corona. They are capable of ejecting billions of tons of coronal material as they travel outward from the Sun at speeds ranging from slower than 250 kilometres per second (km/s) up to nearly 3000 km/s. When a CME collides with the Earth, it causes a geomagnetic storm. Space Weather Prediction Center, part of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, reports that CMEs to Earth can reach Earth in mere 15-18 hours if they are fast enough.

80% of Starlink satellites launched by SpaceX to be destroyed by geomagnetic storm

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