An indigenous rifle, named 'Ugram', developed in less than 100 days, was unveiled by India's Defence Research Development Organisation (DRDO). 
 
The Armament Research and Development Establishment (ARDE), which is a unit of Hyderabad-based private firm Dvipa Armour India Private Limited and DRDO, has developed the 'Ugram' rifle. 
 
The rifle will be able to deploy rounds of 7.62 mm calibre, which will make it more ferocious compared to rifles which use 5.62 mm calibre rounds. An example of a rifle using 5.62 mm calibre rounds is the INSAS rifle, which is used popularly by the armed forces in India, including paramilitary forces.

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The 'Ugram' rifle was developed by the DRDO keeping in mind the operational requirements of military, paramilitary and police forces, reported the Indian Express. 
 
The newly-created rifle weighs four kg and will have an effective range of 500 metres, which is nearly five football fields. The rifle has been developed in accordance with the General Staff Qualitative Requirements (GSQR) of the army. 
 
GQSR is among the initial processes in capital procurement. This also outlines the requirement of the equipment, its physical and operational details along with its maintainability and quality requirements. The rifle has 20 rounds and fires both single and automatic modes.

<h2 lang="en-US">Rifles go through tests for operational capability</h2>

"This was a mission-mode project taken up two years ago. After the ARDE designed the rifle, we started looking for a private industry partner for development and manufacturing," said ARDE Director Ankathi Raju, while speaking to&nbsp;Indian Express. 
 
"We have followed the concept of Development cum Production Partner, DcPP for the speedy progress of the project. Under this, the vendor is associated with us during the design and production too. After the product is made by the vendor, it will undergo acceptance trials. We placed the order for the assault rifle to the Hyderabad-based Dvipa Armour. The rifle will soon go for trials," said the ARDE director.

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The rifle has been created in 100 days and will go through trials to test the weapon's operational capability in conditions like extreme heat, underwater and harsh winter, reported the Times of India. 
 
"While the process of design and design-related analysis started two years ago, the development in collaboration with the private vendor was completed in 100 days," said Ankathi Raju, while speaking to the Free Press Journal. 
 
In December, the procurement of 70,0000 SIG Sauer's SIG716 rifle was approved by the Defence Acquisition Council.

(With inputs from agencies)

An indigenous rifle, named 'Ugram', developed in less than 100 days, was unveiled by India's Defence Research Development Organisation (DRDO). The Armament Research and Development Establishment (ARDE), which is a unit of Hyderabad-based private firm Dvipa Armour India Private Limited and DRDO, has developed the 'Ugram' rifle.

An indigenous rifle, named 'Ugram', developed in less than 100 days, was unveiled by India's Defence Research Development Organisation (DRDO). The Armament Research and Development Establishment (ARDE), which is a unit of Hyderabad-based private firm Dvipa Armour India Private Limited and DRDO, has developed the 'Ugram' rifle. The rifle will be able to deploy rounds of 7.62 mm calibre, which will make it more ferocious compared to rifles which use 5.62 mm calibre rounds. An example of a rifle using 5.62 mm calibre rounds is the INSAS rifle, which is used popularly by the armed forces in India, including paramilitary forces. Also read: Minority affairs minister Smriti Irani brings home increased Haj quota for Indian Muslims The 'Ugram' rifle was developed by the DRDO keeping in mind the operational requirements of military, paramilitary and police forces, reported the Indian Express. The newly-created rifle weighs four kg and will have an effective range of 500 metres, which is nearly five football fields. The rifle has been developed in accordance with the General Staff Qualitative Requirements (GSQR) of the army. GQSR is among the initial processes in capital procurement. This also outlines the requirement of the equipment, its physical and operational details along with its maintainability and quality requirements. The rifle has 20 rounds and fires both single and automatic modes. Rifles go through tests for operational capability "This was a mission-mode project taken up two years ago. After the ARDE designed the rifle, we started looking for a private industry partner for development and manufacturing," said ARDE Director Ankathi Raju, while speaking to Indian Express. "We have followed the concept of Development cum Production Partner, DcPP for the speedy progress of the project. Under this, the vendor is associated with us during the design and production too. After the product is made by the vendor, it will undergo acceptance trials. We placed the order for the assault rifle to the Hyderabad-based Dvipa Armour. The rifle will soon go for trials," said the ARDE director. Watch: Maldives Government must issue a formal apology to India: MP Eva Abdulla The rifle has been created in 100 days and will go through trials to test the weapon's operational capability in conditions like extreme heat, underwater and harsh winter, reported the Times of India. "While the process of design and design-related analysis started two years ago, the development in collaboration with the private vendor was completed in 100 days," said Ankathi Raju, while speaking to the Free Press Journal. In December, the procurement of 70,0000 SIG Sauer's SIG716 rifle was approved by the Defence Acquisition Council. (With inputs from agencies)

India develops ferocious state-of-the-art assault rifle ‘Ugram’ in just 100 days

Researchers have discovered scraps of leather from Scythian burial sites spread across southern Ukraine. While analysing those scraps, they found that some of the samples from quivers actually had a human origin. 
 
"Our results demonstrate that Scythians primarily used domesticated species such as sheep, goat, cattle, and horse for the production of leather, while the furs were made of wild animals such as fox, squirrel and feline species," said a team of archaeologists, headed by Luise Orsted Brandt of the University of Copenhagen, Science Alert reported. 
 
"The surprise discovery is the presence of two human skin samples, which for the first time provide direct evidence of the ancient Greek historian Herodotus' claim that Scythians used the skin of their dead enemies to manufacture leather trophy items,” he added.

<h2>Scythian warriors used skin of foe</h2>

As per ancient Greek historian Herodotus, the ferocious Scythian warriors&nbsp;were bloodthirsty and terrifying people who used the skin of slain corpses of foes. He describes their hides were tanned into leather and used in covering quivers which contained Scythian arrows. 
 
The Scythians have remained as mysterious people, who were famous for their warlike, nomadic lifestyle and ruled the Eurasian steppe between the time period of 700 BCE and 300 BCE. 
 
An entire book was devoted by Herodotus in documenting the Scythians, which includes their customs and history. In one of the chapters, he spoke about how the enemies were decapitated by the Scythian warriors and their heads were used to prove their deeds to their kings.

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The historian said that once the heads were shown to the kings, their scalp was stripped by the Scythian warriors and the leather was used as a hand towel which was hung from the bridle of their steed. Depending on the number of hand towels possessed by a warrior, the status was granted to them. 
 
"Many Scythians even make garments to wear out of these scalps, sewing them together like coats of skin," wrote Herodotus. 
 
"Many too take off the skin, nails and all, from their dead enemies' right hands, and make coverings for their quivers; the human skin was, as it turned out, thick and shining, the brightest and whitest skin of all, one might say. Many flay the skin from the whole body, too, and carry it about on horseback stretched on a wooden frame,” he added. 
 
With the recent discovery, claims made by Herodotus regarding Scythians appear pretty accurate.

<h2>Researchers study 45 scraps of leather</h2>

The team, led by Orsted Brandt, conducted the study on 45 scraps of leather which were excavated from 14 burial sites. In the past years, scientists used to depend on&nbsp;analysis of the grain of the leather because the DNA got destroyed during the tanning of leather.

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However, now scientists have developed techniques which help in analysing the proteins in leather and the&nbsp;information is used for identifying the contributing species. 
 
The researchers found that the entire quiver was not made of human skin. As per the study, most of the skin belonged to several animals, the human leather was present only on the top part of the quiver. 
 
"We also identified up to two quivers composed at least partially from human-derived skin, supporting Herodotus' claim that certain parts of some Scythian quivers were actually made with human skin, perhaps from defeated foes,” wrote the researchers.

(With inputs from agencies)

Researchers have discovered scraps of leather from Scythian burial sites spread across southern Ukraine. While analysing those scraps, they found that some of the samples from quivers actually had a human origin.

Researchers have discovered scraps of leather from Scythian burial sites spread across southern Ukraine. While analysing those scraps, they found that some of the samples from quivers actually had a human origin. "Our results demonstrate that Scythians primarily used domesticated species such as sheep, goat, cattle, and horse for the production of leather, while the furs were made of wild animals such as fox, squirrel and feline species," said a team of archaeologists, headed by Luise Orsted Brandt of the University of Copenhagen, Science Alert reported. "The surprise discovery is the presence of two human skin samples, which for the first time provide direct evidence of the ancient Greek historian Herodotus' claim that Scythians used the skin of their dead enemies to manufacture leather trophy items,” he added. Scythian warriors used skin of foe As per ancient Greek historian Herodotus, the ferocious Scythian warriors were bloodthirsty and terrifying people who used the skin of slain corpses of foes. He describes their hides were tanned into leather and used in covering quivers which contained Scythian arrows. The Scythians have remained as mysterious people, who were famous for their warlike, nomadic lifestyle and ruled the Eurasian steppe between the time period of 700 BCE and 300 BCE. An entire book was devoted by Herodotus in documenting the Scythians, which includes their customs and history. In one of the chapters, he spoke about how the enemies were decapitated by the Scythian warriors and their heads were used to prove their deeds to their kings. Also read: Rewind 2023: Seven most significant discoveries which left world 'awe-struck' The historian said that once the heads were shown to the kings, their scalp was stripped by the Scythian warriors and the leather was used as a hand towel which was hung from the bridle of their steed. Depending on the number of hand towels possessed by a warrior, the status was granted to them. "Many Scythians even make garments to wear out of these scalps, sewing them together like coats of skin," wrote Herodotus. "Many too take off the skin, nails and all, from their dead enemies' right hands, and make coverings for their quivers; the human skin was, as it turned out, thick and shining, the brightest and whitest skin of all, one might say. Many flay the skin from the whole body, too, and carry it about on horseback stretched on a wooden frame,” he added. With the recent discovery, claims made by Herodotus regarding Scythians appear pretty accurate. Researchers study 45 scraps of leather The team, led by Orsted Brandt, conducted the study on 45 scraps of leather which were excavated from 14 burial sites. In the past years, scientists used to depend on analysis of the grain of the leather because the DNA got destroyed during the tanning of leather. Watch: Pope Francis decides to simplify Papal funeral rites However, now scientists have developed techniques which help in analysing the proteins in leather and the information is used for identifying the contributing species. The researchers found that the entire quiver was not made of human skin. As per the study, most of the skin belonged to several animals, the human leather was present only on the top part of the quiver. "We also identified up to two quivers composed at least partially from human-derived skin, supporting Herodotus' claim that certain parts of some Scythian quivers were actually made with human skin, perhaps from defeated foes,” wrote the researchers. (With inputs from agencies)

Ferocious Scythians used human skin to make leather: Researchers

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