How does a GPU actually work? The technology behind modern graphics and AI

Macron’s awkward embrace with Iceland PM Kristrún Frostadóttir goes viral – What happened?

Aliens near US military base? Woman captures bizarre jellyfish-like UFO in Alaska | WATCH

'Miracle on the Mississippi': Cruise boat capsizes after colliding with tanker in New Orleans, all 180 passengers aboard safe

Why are modern GPUs so expensive? 7 things that drive graphics card prices

Why do graphics cards have thousands of small processing cores?

'Don’t f–k around!' Travis Barker opens up on quitting smoking after precancer diagnosis

CPU vs GPU vs NPU: Which processor does your computer actually need?

'Forbidden' light proposed 40 years ago detected for first time in the universe

Avril Lavigne welcomes first child, keeps baby's name and partner's identity private

Why did the FAA suddenly ground flights across the US? Officials reveal what went wrong

Reply 1988 star Ko Kyung Pyo under police investigation after drunk-driving collision in Seoul

Shape-shifting UFO sighting in Oregon leaves mother-daughter sick: 'Fell like a dead bird'

Vaaste singer Dhvani Bhanushali announces engagement to esports entrepreneur Yash Bhanushali; see pics

From chipmakers to cloud giants: How is Nvidia's stock crash shaking the AI industry?

Crystal-clear Ganga water in Haridwar? Viral video creates buzz online | WATCH

India backs death penalty at UN, says can't equate it with torture

Move over Ram and Ravan, Kunal Kapoor's Lord Indra in Ramayana is stealing hearts in Thailand

Sheikh Hasina's return to Bangladesh: India seeks two assurances from Dhaka, says report

Chris Hemsworth and Elsa Pataky's Australian home targeted by burglars;  3 cars stolen

Ukraine's NATO membership in exchange for ceding territory to Russia: Zelensky reveals US proposal

'Don't hike rates': US Treasury Secretary Bessent warns Fed against rate increase amid Iran war

Trump, Putin and Xi to hold historic trilateral meeting at APEC Summit in China

Jensen Huang seen with wife Lori in Paris in photos shared by daughter Madison

A$AP Rocky's New York event disrupted by on-camera brawl, NYPD steps in

24 hours and counting: Microsoft says 'sorry' for global outage

CM Suvendhu Adhikari turns Bengal's Chhath ghats into launchpad for UP campaign

Mohamed Salah becomes Egypt’s all-time top scorer with brace against Malawi

Video captures horrifying moment Brooklyn apartment building collapses, killing eight people

Colombia 'false positives' scandal: 5 retired army men sentenced over killing of 35 civilians

'It exploded in his mouth': Man dies after friend gives him bomb disguised as rasgulla on Diwali in Madhya Pradesh's Dindori

Telugu actor Giribabu dies at 83; Chiranjeevi, Chandrababu Naidu pay tribute

Why do powerful graphics cards need so much electricity?

Indian student sentenced to 30 years in UK for online grooming of over 70 children

What’s the reason&nbsp;behind&nbsp;some people like Olympian sprinter Usain Bolt running&nbsp;extremely fast while others not even coming close to them?&nbsp;Yes, genetics&nbsp;do&nbsp;play a crucial role&nbsp;but&nbsp;it’s not like you have no control over your endurance and&nbsp;that you&nbsp;can’t train your mind to improve.

<h2>The muscle game</h2>

First of all, let’s understand how our muscles that are responsible for the movement of our body work, including running and walking.

There are mainly two types of muscles involved in these exercises: Fast twitch and slow twitch.

The human body has over 600 moving muscles that help us do work and walk. Different muscle types have a different mix of fibres.&nbsp;Muscles that are fast twitch—gastrocnemius—are used for sprinting and jumping, whereas slow twitch&nbsp;are used&nbsp;for walking and jogging.

Fast twitch muscles move&nbsp;quickly,&nbsp;and&nbsp;generate greater force but require a lot of energy. So, these muscles tire quickly and help us fast for short distances.

Also read:&nbsp;<a data-ved="2ahUKEwjBvJeL4vWFAxUATmwGHUymB_QQxfQBKAB6BAgPEAE" href="https://www.wionews.com/science/melting-ice-burning-skin-antarctic-wildlife-is-getting-sunburnt-scientists-warn-717361" jsname="YKoRaf" ping="/url?sa=t&amp;source=web&amp;rct=j&amp;opi=89978449&amp;url=https://www.wionews.com/science/melting-ice-burning-skin-antarctic-wildlife-is-getting-sunburnt-scientists-warn-717361&amp;ved=2ahUKEwjBvJeL4vWFAxUATmwGHUymB_QQxfQBKAB6BAgPEAE">Melting ice, burning skin: Antarctic wildlife is getting sunburnt, scientists warn</a>

Those who run fast are able to use these muscles better, and more efficiently. Fast twitch muscles are predominantly not decided by genes, so you always are in control of what you can achieve through better training.

On the other hand, slow twitch muscles help you run at a slower speed but with greater endurance. Marathon&nbsp;runners&nbsp;as well as&nbsp;cyclists&nbsp;tend to have strong slow twitch muscles.

These muscles are&nbsp;mostly&nbsp;determined by your genes, but you can still train yourself to improve these muscles too.

<h2>Role of brain</h2>

You can improve both types of muscles using your brain.&nbsp;At the end of the day,&nbsp;your brain controls the movement—how long your stride is, how your arms move, how your feet hit the ground and even the techniques you use to breathe.

You can align your brain with the best running technique. Proper posture is essential, ensuring your body stands tall. An economical stride, where your feet land below you rather than too far out in front, can prevent deceleration.

Also read:&nbsp;<a data-ved="2ahUKEwjBvJeL4vWFAxUATmwGHUymB_QQxfQBKAB6BAgJEAE" href="https://www.wionews.com/science/chinese-scientists-find-fountain-of-youth-in-young-can-boost-upto-130-years-718066" jsname="YKoRaf" ping="/url?sa=t&amp;source=web&amp;rct=j&amp;opi=89978449&amp;url=https://www.wionews.com/science/chinese-scientists-find-fountain-of-youth-in-young-can-boost-upto-130-years-718066&amp;ved=2ahUKEwjBvJeL4vWFAxUATmwGHUymB_QQxfQBKAB6BAgJEAE">Chinese scientists find fountain of youth in blood of young, can extend life up to 130 years</a>&nbsp;

Engaging your whole body by having your arms pump in opposition to your legs, running on your toes, and maximising the time spent in the flight phase with both feet off the&nbsp;ground,&nbsp;can improve your form. Proper running techniques allow your muscles to create more force and work together,&nbsp;ultimately&nbsp;increasing your speed.

(With inputs from agencies)

What’s the reason behind some people like Olympian sprinter Usain Bolt running extremely fast while others not even coming close to them? Yes, genetics do play a crucial role but it’s not like you have no control over your endurance and that you can’t train your mind to improve.

What’s the reason behind some people like Olympian sprinter Usain Bolt running extremely fast while others not even coming close to them? Yes, genetics do play a crucial role but it’s not like you have no control over your endurance and that you can’t train your mind to improve. The muscle game First of all, let’s understand how our muscles that are responsible for the movement of our body work, including running and walking. There are mainly two types of muscles involved in these exercises: Fast twitch and slow twitch. The human body has over 600 moving muscles that help us do work and walk. Different muscle types have a different mix of fibres. Muscles that are fast twitch—gastrocnemius—are used for sprinting and jumping, whereas slow twitch are used for walking and jogging. Fast twitch muscles move quickly, and generate greater force but require a lot of energy. So, these muscles tire quickly and help us fast for short distances. Also read: Melting ice, burning skin: Antarctic wildlife is getting sunburnt, scientists warn Those who run fast are able to use these muscles better, and more efficiently. Fast twitch muscles are predominantly not decided by genes, so you always are in control of what you can achieve through better training. On the other hand, slow twitch muscles help you run at a slower speed but with greater endurance. Marathon runners as well as cyclists tend to have strong slow twitch muscles. These muscles are mostly determined by your genes, but you can still train yourself to improve these muscles too. Role of brain You can improve both types of muscles using your brain. At the end of the day, your brain controls the movement—how long your stride is, how your arms move, how your feet hit the ground and even the techniques you use to breathe. You can align your brain with the best running technique. Proper posture is essential, ensuring your body stands tall. An economical stride, where your feet land below you rather than too far out in front, can prevent deceleration. Also read: Chinese scientists find fountain of youth in blood of young, can extend life up to 130 years Engaging your whole body by having your arms pump in opposition to your legs, running on your toes, and maximising the time spent in the flight phase with both feet off the ground, can improve your form. Proper running techniques allow your muscles to create more force and work together, ultimately increasing your speed. (With inputs from agencies)

The muscle game: How people like Usain Bolt are able to run so fast

People are typically counselled to keep a healthy weight in order to lower their risk of dementia. However, other research indicates that obesity may potentially offer a defence against dementia.

People are typically counselled to keep a healthy weight in order to lower their risk of dementia. However, other research indicates that obesity may potentially offer a defence against dementia. What is the truth behind it? Understanding the link At first glance, the research that links obesity to dementia seems solid. It is generally accepted that obesity throughout middle age raises the risk of dementia in later life. Obesity harms the brain's small blood arteries and is a key contributor to diabetes, high blood pressure, and chronic inflammation—all conditions that have been repeatedly associated with an increased risk of dementia. Exploring the 'obesity paradox' However, if dementia is indeed caused by obesity, then why have dementia rates declined in the west in recent decades while the number of obese individuals has increased? An "obesity paradox" wherein being fat seems to be related with a lower risk of dementia, has been shown in a number of studies. Due to data constraints, scientists find it difficult to establish a cause-and-effect link. While a randomised experiment would be ideal, but assigning people to be obese is unethical. The majority of research is based on observational studies, which include long-term follow-up on large populations. However, these studies may be biased. "Reverse causation" is an issue, especially when researching elderly persons. People in the early stages of dementia may lose weight as a result of the condition, rather than the reverse. This may explain the obesity paradox. Also read: Changes in eyesight linked to early signs of Alzheimer’s and dementia: Study Another issue is called "confounding bias." A third factor associated with both obesity and dementia might explain the apparent relationship between the two. One example is childhood intelligence, which is rarely assessed in these research. Researchers found that although there was a clear association between higher levels of obesity and lower cognitive skills in midlife, this probably wasn't because one was causing the other. Researchers discovered that, while there was a strong link between greater levels of obesity and decreased cognitive skills in midlife, it was unlikely that one caused the other. Instead, it was probably because a third component (childhood intelligence) was linked to both. To summarise, the research of obesity and dementia is complicated. While maintaining a healthy weight is beneficial to general health, the relationship to dementia risk is uncertain. (With inputs from agencies)

Does obesity really increase risk of dementia or is it the opposite?

Earth's magnetic field is essentially the great protector of the planet, shielding it from the Sun’s intense cosmic radiation. However, a new research has claimed that the Earth’s magnetic field had vanished some 590 million years ago, and it actually created the best conditions for early life to flourish.

Earth's magnetic field is essentially the great protector of the planet, shielding it from the Sun’s intense cosmic radiation. However, a new research has claimed that the Earth’s magnetic field had vanished some 590 million years ago, and it actually created the best conditions for early life to flourish. University of Rochester Earth scientist Wentao Huang and colleagues in their new paper write: “Earth's magnetic field was in a highly unusual state when macroscopic animals of the Ediacara fauna diversified and thrived." In previous studies, it has been established that multi-cellular life evolved on the Earth some 565 million years ago (Ediacaran period). This period surprisingly coincides with the time when our planet’s magnetic field has collapsed to its lowest levels. But we know, the magnetic field is there to protect us from solar winds. Then, how come its absence actually fuelled life on Earth? Scientists excavated igneous rocks from South Africa that formed billions of years ago and observed crystals in them and other 591 million-year-old rocks previously sampled from Brazil. It’s significant because as these rocks form, they preserve the intensity of the Earth’s magnetic field. The researchers found that the level of magnetic field had dropped to the lowest levels 500 million years ago, 30 times weaker than it is today. The period of low magnetic field lasted for nearly 26 million years, during which an explosion of biodiversity took place on our home planet. "The new data confirming and extending the UL-TAFI strengthen a potential linkage with the Ediacaran evolution of macroscopic animals," Huang and colleagues write. The scientists speculate that the lower magnetic field may have allowed more hydrogen ions to escape from Earth's atmosphere into space, which could have resulted in higher oxygen levels in the seas and skies. Higher oxygen levels then led to the explosion of biodiversity, claimed the researchers. Also read: Chinese scientists find fountain of youth in blood of young, can extend life up to 130 years "A complex animal ecosystem involving long food chains and predators requires still greater amounts of oxygen, as indicated by the exclusion of such complex ecosystems from the modern oxygen minimum zone," Huang and colleagues explain. But how did the organisms escape the wrath of solar winds? Also read: Melting ice, burning skin: Antarctic wildlife is getting sunburnt, scientists warn Scientists say the Earth’s atmosphere and oceans may have acted as a shield for early life forms. However, those massive organisms who roamed on land, without the protective shield of oceans, may have run into an evolutionary dead end during this phase. (With inputs from agencies)

Earth’s ‘life-saver’ magnetic field collapsed 590 million years ago, for all good reasons

Moonwalking humans on lunar surface have long captivated the humanity living on Earth. But at the same time, it's the low gravity of Moon that has been an impediment because of the way the low-gravity environment on lunar surface takes a toll on human body. Muscle atrophy, bone demineralisation are just one of the two effects of living in a low-gravity environment.&nbsp;

But scientists have figured out how human body can survive in low-gravity environment.&nbsp;

A paper published in the Royal Society Open Science suggests a unique low gravity-defying solution for these problems. Its title is "Horizontal running inside circular walls of Moon settlements: a comprehensive countermeasure for low-gravity deconditioning?"

Let's break it down for you. Have you ever seen a Wall of Death?

<img alt="Wall of Death | X/@davidstocko" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="9d2ab557-7dc4-4f6f-b9ae-252b866c7681" src="//cdn.wionews.com/sites/default/files/inline-images/WallOfDeath.png" />

Wall of Death | X/@davidstocko

"Here, we propose a novel solution: lunar inhabitants could engage in running on the inside of vertical circular walls, hence running parallel to the Moon's surface," the authors write.

While our Earth's gravity is too strong for humans to run around the sides of a Wall of Death, on Moon, the weaker gravity makes them practical.

The research found that exercising in a Wall of Death would help individuals maintain muscle mass, bone density, cardiovascular fitness and neural control.&nbsp;

They demonstrated that the process only required 5 to 8 attempts on a simulated environment in Earth to start participants run with no assistance.&nbsp;

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/moon-once-literally-turned-itself-inside-out-scientists-wonder-how-709404">Moon once 'literally turned itself inside out'. Scientists wonder 'how'</a>

"We have demonstrated for the first time that humans can safely run horizontally in low gravity conditions inside a cylinder, sized as a terrestrial 'WoD', through a speed-driven, self-generated higher artificial gravity," they explained

The researchers say they are confident that the Wall of Death idea can help lunar astronauts deal with the chronic effects of lunar gravity.

Also watch |&nbsp;China aims to land astronauts on the moon by 2030

<div class="ui-state-default" contenteditable="false">
<div class="twitter-block" draggable="false">
<div class="videoWrapper trancodeVideo"><iframe allowfullscreen="" autoplay="1" class="includeVideo" frameborder="0" height="350" src="https://www.wionews.com/videos/china-aims-to-land-astronauts-on-the-moon-by-2030-716389/embed" style="width:100%;max-width:560px;" width="560"></iframe></div>
</div>
<a class="close-mark close-div" href="#" id="jqclosemark">×</a></div>

Participants using the WoD created "… a sufficiently high (lateral) self-generated artificial gravity likely capable of maintaining, through a few short, almost 'terrestrial' running laps a day, an acceptable cardio-motor fitness and bone mineral status, useful to locally move and work around, to prepare the long trip to Mars, and to return home in good condition."

(With inputs from agencies)

Moonwalking humans on lunar surface have long captivated the humanity living on Earth. But at the same time, it's the low gravity of Moon that has been an impediment because of the way the low-gravity environment on lunar surface takes a toll on human body.

Moonwalking humans on lunar surface have long captivated the humanity living on Earth. But at the same time, it's the low gravity of Moon that has been an impediment because of the way the low-gravity environment on lunar surface takes a toll on human body. Muscle atrophy, bone demineralisation are just one of the two effects of living in a low-gravity environment. But scientists have figured out how human body can survive in low-gravity environment. A paper published in the Royal Society Open Science suggests a unique low gravity-defying solution for these problems. Its title is "Horizontal running inside circular walls of Moon settlements: a comprehensive countermeasure for low-gravity deconditioning?" Let's break it down for you. Have you ever seen a Wall of Death? Wall of Death | X/@davidstocko "Here, we propose a novel solution: lunar inhabitants could engage in running on the inside of vertical circular walls, hence running parallel to the Moon's surface," the authors write. While our Earth's gravity is too strong for humans to run around the sides of a Wall of Death, on Moon, the weaker gravity makes them practical. The research found that exercising in a Wall of Death would help individuals maintain muscle mass, bone density, cardiovascular fitness and neural control. They demonstrated that the process only required 5 to 8 attempts on a simulated environment in Earth to start participants run with no assistance. Also read | Moon once 'literally turned itself inside out'. Scientists wonder 'how' "We have demonstrated for the first time that humans can safely run horizontally in low gravity conditions inside a cylinder, sized as a terrestrial 'WoD', through a speed-driven, self-generated higher artificial gravity," they explained The researchers say they are confident that the Wall of Death idea can help lunar astronauts deal with the chronic effects of lunar gravity. Also watch | China aims to land astronauts on the moon by 2030 × Participants using the WoD created "… a sufficiently high (lateral) self-generated artificial gravity likely capable of maintaining, through a few short, almost 'terrestrial' running laps a day, an acceptable cardio-motor fitness and bone mineral status, useful to locally move and work around, to prepare the long trip to Mars, and to return home in good condition." (With inputs from agencies)

Scientists discover unique way to defy effects of low gravity on Moon

New research points out that healthy lifestyle choices such as regular exercise, better diet and enough sleep, can offset the genetic risk of early death by up to 62 per cent. While genes do play a role, it's the lifestyle choices that largely determine your lifespan.&nbsp;

The study, published in the BMJ Evidence-Based Medicine journal, involved over 350,000 participants in which researchers investigated the link between lifestyle choices, genetic factors, and human longevity.

<h2>Way to live longer: What did the study reveal?</h2>

The study says that you can increase your lifespan by saying no to bad habits such as binge drinking, smoking, and unhealthy eating patterns.

Even if your genes are not exactly supportive of you living a longer life, healthier lifestyle choices such as getting enough sleep can significantly improve your odds of living a long life.&nbsp;

Also watch |&nbsp;Gravitas: Study more, live longer, says new research

<div class="ui-state-default" contenteditable="false">
<div class="twitter-block" draggable="false">
<div class="videoWrapper trancodeVideo"><iframe allowfullscreen="" autoplay="1" class="includeVideo" frameborder="0" height="350" src="https://www.wionews.com/videos/gravitas-study-more-live-longer-says-new-research-683341/embed" style="width:100%;max-width:560px;" width="560"></iframe></div>
</div>
<a class="close-mark close-div" href="#" id="jqclosemark">×</a></div>

The research involved 353,742 European adults who were enlisted between 2006 and 2010 and then tracked until 2021. The study examined factors such as the longevity PRS in the highest quintile categories and the healthy lifestyle score (HLS).

The study found that healthy lifestyle habits has the potential to decrease the hereditary risk by 62 per cent. Individuals who possess a genetic predisposition towards a shorter lifespan and lead an unhealthy lifestyle face a mortality risk 2.04 times higher than the individuals with healthier habits.

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/got-some-muscle-strength-good-news-you-may-live-longer-with-less-risk-of-age-related-illnesses-712868">Got some muscle strength? Good news, you may live longer with less risk of age-related illnesses</a>

Implementing healthy lifestyle behaviours could substantially rectify premature mortality in individuals with a genetic predisposition towards shorter lifespans.&nbsp;

"This study elucidates the pivotal role of a healthy lifestyle in mitigating the impact of genetic factors on lifespan reduction," the researchers add.&nbsp;

"Given that lifestyle behavioral habits are usually developed before middle age, taking effective public health interventions is quite crucial for those at high genetic risk to extend their lifespan before the formation of a fixed lifestyle," they conclude.

(With inputs from agencies)

New research points out that healthy lifestyle choices such as regular exercise, better diet and enough sleep, can offset the genetic risk of early death by up to 62 per cent.

New research points out that healthy lifestyle choices such as regular exercise, better diet and enough sleep, can offset the genetic risk of early death by up to 62 per cent. While genes do play a role, it's the lifestyle choices that largely determine your lifespan. The study, published in the BMJ Evidence-Based Medicine journal, involved over 350,000 participants in which researchers investigated the link between lifestyle choices, genetic factors, and human longevity. Way to live longer: What did the study reveal? The study says that you can increase your lifespan by saying no to bad habits such as binge drinking, smoking, and unhealthy eating patterns. Even if your genes are not exactly supportive of you living a longer life, healthier lifestyle choices such as getting enough sleep can significantly improve your odds of living a long life. Also watch | Gravitas: Study more, live longer, says new research × The research involved 353,742 European adults who were enlisted between 2006 and 2010 and then tracked until 2021. The study examined factors such as the longevity PRS in the highest quintile categories and the healthy lifestyle score (HLS). The study found that healthy lifestyle habits has the potential to decrease the hereditary risk by 62 per cent. Individuals who possess a genetic predisposition towards a shorter lifespan and lead an unhealthy lifestyle face a mortality risk 2.04 times higher than the individuals with healthier habits. Also read | Got some muscle strength? Good news, you may live longer with less risk of age-related illnesses Implementing healthy lifestyle behaviours could substantially rectify premature mortality in individuals with a genetic predisposition towards shorter lifespans. "This study elucidates the pivotal role of a healthy lifestyle in mitigating the impact of genetic factors on lifespan reduction," the researchers add. "Given that lifestyle behavioral habits are usually developed before middle age, taking effective public health interventions is quite crucial for those at high genetic risk to extend their lifespan before the formation of a fixed lifestyle," they conclude. (With inputs from agencies)

Healthy lifestyle trumps poor genetic composition, lowers risk of early death

New research published in the journal Nature has revealed that our brain weakens new connections between cells, or neurons&nbsp;when awake during the first half of a night's sleep.&nbsp;

The study carried out on zebrafish, discovered that while awake, the connections between neurons get stronger and more complex, but if the activity continued without interruptions, it would be 'energetically unsustainable.'&nbsp;

<h2>What did the study reveal?</h2>

"Too many active connections between brain cells could prevent new connections from being made the following day. While the function of sleep remains mysterious, it may be serving as an ‘off-line’ period when those connections can be weakened across the brain, in preparation for us to learn new things the following day," Jason Rihel the lead author of the study from the University College London, UK, said.

<h2>How did the&nbsp;researchers conduct this study?</h2>

The researchers reached the result by studying optically transparent zebrafish over multiple sleep-wake cycles.

Also read:&nbsp;<meta name="uuid" content="uuidbjdIwWrmjd0W" /><a href="http://13.235.153.162/science/cocaine-and-morphine-trump-food-and-water-in-brains-reward-hierarchy-study-715966" target="_blank">Cocaine and morphine trump food and water in brain’s reward hierarchy: Study</a>

<h2>Why&nbsp;Zebrafish?</h2>

Zebrafish&nbsp;contained genes that allowed the connections between neurons known as synapses, to be easily seen. The researchers observed that connections between brain cells were formed during awake hours and subsequently destroyed during sleep.&nbsp;

Additionally, they discovered that this was contingent upon the animal developing a "need for sleep," or sleep pressure, before being permitted to rest. The researchers discovered that when the fish were deprived of sleep for a few more hours, the connections between neurons increased until the fish fell asleep.&nbsp;

"If the patterns we observed hold true in humans, our findings suggest that this remodelling of synapses might be less effective during a mid-day nap, when sleep pressure is still low, rather than at night, when we really need the sleep," Rihel added.&nbsp;

The rearranging of connections that occurs during the first half of the animal's night sleep mimics the pattern of slow-wave activity, which is highest at the start of the night, according to the researchers.&nbsp;

<h2>Synaptic Homeostasis Hypothesis</h2>

The findings endorse the Synaptic Homeostasis Hypothesis, which states that sleep functions as a 'reset' for the brain. "There are other theories around sleep being a time for waste clearance in the brain, or repair for damaged cells - perhaps other functions kick in for the second half of the night," Anya, the first author of the study said.

New research published in the journal Nature has revealed that our brain weakens new connections between cells, or neurons when awake during the first half of a night's sleep.

New research published in the journal Nature has revealed that our brain weakens new connections between cells, or neurons when awake during the first half of a night's sleep. The study carried out on zebrafish, discovered that while awake, the connections between neurons get stronger and more complex, but if the activity continued without interruptions, it would be 'energetically unsustainable.' What did the study reveal? "Too many active connections between brain cells could prevent new connections from being made the following day. While the function of sleep remains mysterious, it may be serving as an ‘off-line’ period when those connections can be weakened across the brain, in preparation for us to learn new things the following day," Jason Rihel the lead author of the study from the University College London, UK, said. How did the researchers conduct this study? The researchers reached the result by studying optically transparent zebrafish over multiple sleep-wake cycles. Also read: Cocaine and morphine trump food and water in brain’s reward hierarchy: Study Why Zebrafish? Zebrafish contained genes that allowed the connections between neurons known as synapses, to be easily seen. The researchers observed that connections between brain cells were formed during awake hours and subsequently destroyed during sleep. Additionally, they discovered that this was contingent upon the animal developing a "need for sleep," or sleep pressure, before being permitted to rest. The researchers discovered that when the fish were deprived of sleep for a few more hours, the connections between neurons increased until the fish fell asleep. "If the patterns we observed hold true in humans, our findings suggest that this remodelling of synapses might be less effective during a mid-day nap, when sleep pressure is still low, rather than at night, when we really need the sleep," Rihel added. The rearranging of connections that occurs during the first half of the animal's night sleep mimics the pattern of slow-wave activity, which is highest at the start of the night, according to the researchers. Synaptic Homeostasis Hypothesis The findings endorse the Synaptic Homeostasis Hypothesis, which states that sleep functions as a 'reset' for the brain. "There are other theories around sleep being a time for waste clearance in the brain, or repair for damaged cells - perhaps other functions kick in for the second half of the night," Anya, the first author of the study said.

Brain weakens neuronal connections while you sleep, but only during first half

A recent study by the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Indore, has suggested that early diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is possible with advanced artificial intelligence (AI) techniques.

A recent study by the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Indore, has suggested that early diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is possible with advanced artificial intelligence (AI) techniques. The study, published in the Nature Mental Health journal, leverages advanced AI techniques to unlock new potentials in Alzheimer’s research, marking a significant advancement in understanding and diagnosing this challenging condition. The study was led by Professor M Tanveer of IIT Indore. The study not only highlights the transformative role of AI in advancing medical diagnostics but also emphasises the critical role of multidisciplinary expertise and international collaboration in tackling complex healthcare challenges. Alzheimer's is a devastating condition characterised by the progressive deterioration of cognitive abilities in the elderly population, presenting a major global health challenge. A look at ensemble deep learning The study provides an in-depth exploration of recent advancements in ensemble deep learning, delving into sophisticated design features, diversity, and the combination of different types of data, including neuroimaging and genetic information. Also read | Strong link found between Alzheimer's disease and intake of processed food: Study "Lately, ensemble deep learning has become popular for enhancing the performance and reliability of Alzheimer’s disease diagnosis," the study said. "Leveraging neuroimaging data obtained from advanced techniques such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography (PET), the researchers have meticulously reviewed sophisticated ensemble deep learning models in the manuscript," it added. 'Early diagnosis of Alzheimer's crucial' Professor Tanveer said that an accurate and early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease is paramount for effective intervention and treatment planning. "Our research not only enhances diagnostic precision but also enriches our understanding of the intricate dynamics underlying AD,” said Tanveer. "Early and accurate diagnosis of Alzheimer’s is crucial. It allows for timely intervention, better management of the condition, and helps in planning appropriate treatments. Moreover, understanding the brain's dynamics through advanced AI techniques can significantly enhance the quality of life for patients and their families," the professor added. (With inputs from agencies)

IIT Indore study reveals early diagnosis of Alzheimer's possible with advanced AI techniques

An orangutan named Rakus knows self-medication as&nbsp;scientists have observed him applying medicinal herbs to a face wound. The observation was apparently a successful attempt to heal an injury. This happened after the researchers heard a fight between male orangutans in the treetops of a rainforest in Sumatra, Indonesia.&nbsp;

Rakus was tracked by the scientists at the Gunung Leuser National Park in Indonesia's Aceh province. When they checked the region, they found him three days later and noticed an open wound on his face.&nbsp;

In a surprising moment, they spotted Rakus showing high intelligence levels as he was trying to heal a pink wound below his right eyelid.&nbsp;

Also read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/new-study-hints-at-earth-like-condition-on-ancient-mars-717501">New study hints at Earth-like condition on ancient Mars: 'These findings point to...'</a>&nbsp;

He was spotted chewing the leaves of a vine called Fibraurea tinctoria, which is known for its medicinal properties. It has long been used in local traditional medicine.&nbsp;

The findings were published in the journal Nature Scientific Reports on Thursday (May 2). It mentioned that the apparent treatment, which was seen by researchers in Indonesia in 2022, is the first time a wild animal has been seen applying medicinal plants to a wound.&nbsp;

The study by Indonesian and German scientists noted that the orangutan "began chewing the leaves without swallowing them and using his fingers to apply the plant juice from his mouth directly onto his facial wound".&nbsp;

Also read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/massive-near-x-class-solar-flares-led-to-radio-blackouts-across-the-pacific-717462">Massive, near X-class, solar flares led to radio blackouts across the Pacific</a>&nbsp;

Not just that, Rakus "smeared the entire wound with the plant pulp until the red flesh was fully covered with the green leaf material" when flies started to land on it.&nbsp;

The researcher observed Rakus the next day as he was seen eating the vine's leaves again. The study mentioned that his wound had closed up around a week later and&nbsp;healed without any sign of infection.&nbsp;

"This study is the first systematic documentation of the putative active wound treatment with a biologically active plant substance in great apes and other non-human species," a discussion of the story mentioned.&nbsp;

"The flanged male orangutan Rakus was observed to selectively detach, chew, and repeatedly apply the chewed leave juice directly on his three-day-old facial wound for several minutes and covered the entire wound with a chewed-up leaf mash," the study added.&nbsp;

The finding is an addition to a growing body of information concerning how monkeys use plants to stay healthy.&nbsp;

(With inputs from agencies)&nbsp;

An orangutan named Rakus knows self-medication as scientists have observed him applying medicinal herbs to a face wound. The observation was apparently a successful attempt to heal an injury.

An orangutan named Rakus knows self-medication as scientists have observed him applying medicinal herbs to a face wound. The observation was apparently a successful attempt to heal an injury. This happened after the researchers heard a fight between male orangutans in the treetops of a rainforest in Sumatra, Indonesia. Rakus was tracked by the scientists at the Gunung Leuser National Park in Indonesia's Aceh province. When they checked the region, they found him three days later and noticed an open wound on his face. In a surprising moment, they spotted Rakus showing high intelligence levels as he was trying to heal a pink wound below his right eyelid. Also read: New study hints at Earth-like condition on ancient Mars: 'These findings point to...' He was spotted chewing the leaves of a vine called Fibraurea tinctoria, which is known for its medicinal properties. It has long been used in local traditional medicine. The findings were published in the journal Nature Scientific Reports on Thursday (May 2). It mentioned that the apparent treatment, which was seen by researchers in Indonesia in 2022, is the first time a wild animal has been seen applying medicinal plants to a wound. The study by Indonesian and German scientists noted that the orangutan "began chewing the leaves without swallowing them and using his fingers to apply the plant juice from his mouth directly onto his facial wound". Also read: Massive, near X-class, solar flares led to radio blackouts across the Pacific Not just that, Rakus "smeared the entire wound with the plant pulp until the red flesh was fully covered with the green leaf material" when flies started to land on it. The researcher observed Rakus the next day as he was seen eating the vine's leaves again. The study mentioned that his wound had closed up around a week later and healed without any sign of infection. "This study is the first systematic documentation of the putative active wound treatment with a biologically active plant substance in great apes and other non-human species," a discussion of the story mentioned. "The flanged male orangutan Rakus was observed to selectively detach, chew, and repeatedly apply the chewed leave juice directly on his three-day-old facial wound for several minutes and covered the entire wound with a chewed-up leaf mash," the study added. The finding is an addition to a growing body of information concerning how monkeys use plants to stay healthy. (With inputs from agencies)

In a first, orangutan seen applying medicinal herbs to face wound. What could it mean?

Signs of life on another planet? People of Earth keep fascinating with scientists making strides to answer this question. In the latest significant development, manganese has been observed on Mars by the NASA Curiosity rover at multiple places. However, the rover found more of it in the Gale crater.&nbsp;

The deposits were detected by the ChemCam instrument which is onboard the rover. The findings, which have been published in the Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets on May 1, suggest that the manganese sediments had formed in a river, delta, or near the shoreline of an ancient lake.&nbsp;

Also read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/massive-near-x-class-solar-flares-led-to-radio-blackouts-across-the-pacific-717462">Massive, near X-class, solar flares led to radio blackouts across the Pacific</a>&nbsp;

Patrick Gasda, of Los Alamos National Laboratory's Space Science and Applications group and lead author on the study, said as quoted by phys.org, "It is difficult for manganese oxide to form on the surface of Mars, so we didn't expect to find it in such high concentrations in a shoreline deposit."&nbsp;

"On Earth, these types of deposits happen all the time because of the high oxygen in our atmosphere produced by photosynthetic life, and from microbes that help catalyze those manganese oxidation reactions," he further said.&nbsp;

"On Mars, we don't have evidence for life, and the mechanism to produce oxygen in Mars's ancient atmosphere is unclear, so how the manganese oxide was formed and concentrated here is really puzzling. These findings point to larger processes occurring in the Martian atmosphere or surface water and show that more work needs to be done to understand oxidation on Mars," Gasda added.&nbsp;

Also read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/surprise-scientists-discover-earliest-known-galaxies-since-about-beginning-of-time-717378">'Surprise'! Scientists discover earliest known galaxies since about beginning of time</a>&nbsp;

While exploring the results, the researchers analysed how manganese could have been enriched in these sands on Mars. They also attempted to find what oxidant could be responsible for the precipitation of manganese in the rocks. The paper compared the findings with the availability of Manganese on Earth.&nbsp;

On Earth, manganese deposits occur as a result of oxygen in the atmosphere, and the presence of bacteria frequently accelerates this process. Notably, the microbes on Earth can use manganese's many oxidation states as energy for metabolism.&nbsp;

The higher levels of manganese in the rocks along the lake shore on the Red Planet would have been an important energy source for life if life existed on ancient Mars.&nbsp;

Signs of life on another planet? People of Earth keep fascinating with scientists making strides to answer this question. In the latest significant development, manganese has been observed on Mars by the NASA Curiosity rover at multiple places.

Signs of life on another planet? People of Earth keep fascinating with scientists making strides to answer this question. In the latest significant development, manganese has been observed on Mars by the NASA Curiosity rover at multiple places. However, the rover found more of it in the Gale crater. The deposits were detected by the ChemCam instrument which is onboard the rover. The findings, which have been published in the Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets on May 1, suggest that the manganese sediments had formed in a river, delta, or near the shoreline of an ancient lake. Also read: Massive, near X-class, solar flares led to radio blackouts across the Pacific Patrick Gasda, of Los Alamos National Laboratory's Space Science and Applications group and lead author on the study, said as quoted by phys.org, "It is difficult for manganese oxide to form on the surface of Mars, so we didn't expect to find it in such high concentrations in a shoreline deposit." "On Earth, these types of deposits happen all the time because of the high oxygen in our atmosphere produced by photosynthetic life, and from microbes that help catalyze those manganese oxidation reactions," he further said. "On Mars, we don't have evidence for life, and the mechanism to produce oxygen in Mars's ancient atmosphere is unclear, so how the manganese oxide was formed and concentrated here is really puzzling. These findings point to larger processes occurring in the Martian atmosphere or surface water and show that more work needs to be done to understand oxidation on Mars," Gasda added. Also read: 'Surprise'! Scientists discover earliest known galaxies since about beginning of time While exploring the results, the researchers analysed how manganese could have been enriched in these sands on Mars. They also attempted to find what oxidant could be responsible for the precipitation of manganese in the rocks. The paper compared the findings with the availability of Manganese on Earth. On Earth, manganese deposits occur as a result of oxygen in the atmosphere, and the presence of bacteria frequently accelerates this process. Notably, the microbes on Earth can use manganese's many oxidation states as energy for metabolism. The higher levels of manganese in the rocks along the lake shore on the Red Planet would have been an important energy source for life if life existed on ancient Mars.

New study hints at Earth-like condition on ancient Mars: 'These findings point to...'

Have you ever wondered what our fiery sun would look like close up? Don't worry, you won't have to make the perilous journey to the star to see that, as the European Space Agency (ESA) has recently shared a captivating and mind-boggling close-up of the Sun's surface.

<h2>Mind-boggling video</h2>

The video was captured by the Solar Orbiter's Extreme Ultraviolet Imager (EUI), and it offers an unprecedented close-up look at the dynamic activities on the Sun's surface.&nbsp;

Recorded on September 27, 2023, this footage provides a detailed glimpse into the complex solar phenomena that play a crucial role in influencing space weather.

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/scientists-unveil-what-75000-year-old-neanderthal-woman-shanidar-zs-looked-like-717254">Scientists unveil what 75,000 year-old Neanderthal woman 'Shanidar Z' looked like</a>

"At the time, the spacecraft was at roughly a third of the Earth’s distance from the Sun, heading for a closest approach of 43 million km on 7 October," revealed ESA.

The spacecraft is scheduled for an even closer approach to the Sun in October, promising more detailed observations of our nearest star.

Take a look here:

<div class="ui-state-default" contenteditable="false">
<div class="twitter-block" draggable="false"><iframe allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="315" referrerpolicy="strict-origin-when-cross-origin" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/-a9cmyY-qZ8?si=jsXALx621kMqiu4X" title="YouTube video player" width="560"></iframe></div>
<a class="close-mark close-div" href="#" id="jqclosemark">×</a></div>

The video, which is nearly a minute long, showcases various solar features in extraordinary detail. It shows delicate, feathery structures resembling hair, which are actually streams of plasma tracing the magnetic field lines from the Sun's lower atmosphere into the hotter outer corona.&nbsp;

These visuals not only highlight the beauty of our star, but also the powerful forces at play.

"The brightest regions are around one million degrees Celsius, while cooler material looks dark as it absorbs radiation," explains the ESA.

Among the phenomena displayed are coronal moss, spicules, and coronal rain—each contributing uniquely to the Sun’s ecosystem.&nbsp;

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/massive-near-x-class-solar-flares-led-to-radio-blackouts-across-the-pacific-717462">Massive, near X-class, solar flares led to radio blackouts across the Pacific</a>

Coronal moss also appears in the left corner of the footage as intricate, lace-like patterns.

"It usually appears around the base of large coronal loops that are too hot or too tenuous to be seen with the chosen instrument settings."

Spicules 'spires of gas', on the other hand, are depicted as towering spires of gas that extend approximately 10,000 km (6,214 miles) above the Sun’s chromosphere, resembling jets shooting from the solar surface. Coronal rain features in the video as high-density plasma clumps that descend back to the Sun, driven by gravity.

A particularly striking moment occurs around the 20-second mark, where a "small" eruption unfolds in the centre of the view. However, ESA warns, "Don’t be fooled by the use of 'small' here: this eruption is bigger than Earth!"&nbsp;

(With inputs from agencies)

Have you ever wondered what our fiery sun would look like close up? Don't worry, you won't have to make the perilous journey to the star to see that, as the European Space Agency (ESA) has recently shared a captivating and mind-boggling close-up of the Sun's surface.

Have you ever wondered what our fiery sun would look like close up? Don't worry, you won't have to make the perilous journey to the star to see that, as the European Space Agency (ESA) has recently shared a captivating and mind-boggling close-up of the Sun's surface. Mind-boggling video The video was captured by the Solar Orbiter's Extreme Ultraviolet Imager (EUI), and it offers an unprecedented close-up look at the dynamic activities on the Sun's surface. Recorded on September 27, 2023, this footage provides a detailed glimpse into the complex solar phenomena that play a crucial role in influencing space weather. Also read | Scientists unveil what 75,000 year-old Neanderthal woman 'Shanidar Z' looked like "At the time, the spacecraft was at roughly a third of the Earth’s distance from the Sun, heading for a closest approach of 43 million km on 7 October," revealed ESA. The spacecraft is scheduled for an even closer approach to the Sun in October, promising more detailed observations of our nearest star. Take a look here: × The video, which is nearly a minute long, showcases various solar features in extraordinary detail. It shows delicate, feathery structures resembling hair, which are actually streams of plasma tracing the magnetic field lines from the Sun's lower atmosphere into the hotter outer corona. These visuals not only highlight the beauty of our star, but also the powerful forces at play. "The brightest regions are around one million degrees Celsius, while cooler material looks dark as it absorbs radiation," explains the ESA. Among the phenomena displayed are coronal moss, spicules, and coronal rain—each contributing uniquely to the Sun’s ecosystem. Also read | Massive, near X-class, solar flares led to radio blackouts across the Pacific Coronal moss also appears in the left corner of the footage as intricate, lace-like patterns. "It usually appears around the base of large coronal loops that are too hot or too tenuous to be seen with the chosen instrument settings." Spicules 'spires of gas', on the other hand, are depicted as towering spires of gas that extend approximately 10,000 km (6,214 miles) above the Sun’s chromosphere, resembling jets shooting from the solar surface. Coronal rain features in the video as high-density plasma clumps that descend back to the Sun, driven by gravity. A particularly striking moment occurs around the 20-second mark, where a "small" eruption unfolds in the centre of the view. However, ESA warns, "Don’t be fooled by the use of 'small' here: this eruption is bigger than Earth!" (With inputs from agencies)

Watch: Scientists manage to capture Sun's closest video yet; ESA cautions 'don't be fooled' because...

To return to past, one might need a Time Machine, and that as of now, is the subject of science fiction. But scientists have now managed to find out something from the depth of time for real. They have discovered something 'really surprising' from billions of years ago that could change the way we understand the grand infinite universe.&nbsp;

The findings came from NASA's James Webb Space Telescope and the Near-InfraRed Camera (NIRCam) deployed on it. The technology allows scientists to study the earliest known galaxies in our universe.&nbsp;

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/its-official-maisies-galaxy-is-one-of-the-earliest-known-galaxies-confirm-scientists-625852">It’s official! Maisie's Galaxy is one of the earliest known galaxies</a>

A team of researchers from Durham University have dissected data from just a few billion years after the universe was formed. For reference, our universe is about 13.7 billion years old.

This is even further back than the previous earliest-known conditions of universe observed for the period about nine billion years ago.&nbsp;

The team’s findings have been published in the journal Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society.

<h2>What does it mean?</h2>

The findings point to the presence of more settled forms of environments. They occurred despite the more chaotic nature of galaxies in their earlier gestation period.

"Galaxies in the early universe are maturing much faster than we thought," said Zoe Le Conte, a PhD researcher in the Centre for Extragalactic Astronomy within the Department of Physics at Durham University, who is also the lead author on the research.

"This is a real surprise because you would expect the universe at that stage to be very turbulent with lots of collisions between galaxies and a lot of gas that hasn’t yet transformed into stars."

Also watch |&nbsp;The Big Space: James Webb Telescope makes shocking discovery, shows extreme promise early on

<div class="ui-state-default" contenteditable="false">
<div class="twitter-block" draggable="false">
<div class="videoWrapper trancodeVideo"><iframe allowfullscreen="" autoplay="1" class="includeVideo" frameborder="0" height="350" src="https://www.wionews.com/videos/the-big-space-james-webb-telescope-makes-shocking-discovery-shows-extreme-promise-early-on-565092/embed" style="width:100%;max-width:560px;" width="560"></iframe></div>
</div>
<a class="close-mark close-div" href="#" id="jqclosemark">×</a></div>

"However, thanks to the James Webb Space Telescope we are seeing a lot of these bars much earlier in the life of the Universe which means that galaxies were at a more settled stage in their evolution than previously thought."

"This means we will have to adjust our views on early galaxy evolution."

(With inputs from agencies)

To return to past, one might need a Time Machine, and that as of now, is the subject of science fiction. But scientists have now managed to find out something from the depth of time for real.

To return to past, one might need a Time Machine, and that as of now, is the subject of science fiction. But scientists have now managed to find out something from the depth of time for real. They have discovered something 'really surprising' from billions of years ago that could change the way we understand the grand infinite universe. The findings came from NASA's James Webb Space Telescope and the Near-InfraRed Camera (NIRCam) deployed on it. The technology allows scientists to study the earliest known galaxies in our universe. Also read | It’s official! Maisie's Galaxy is one of the earliest known galaxies A team of researchers from Durham University have dissected data from just a few billion years after the universe was formed. For reference, our universe is about 13.7 billion years old. This is even further back than the previous earliest-known conditions of universe observed for the period about nine billion years ago. The team’s findings have been published in the journal Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. What does it mean? The findings point to the presence of more settled forms of environments. They occurred despite the more chaotic nature of galaxies in their earlier gestation period. "Galaxies in the early universe are maturing much faster than we thought," said Zoe Le Conte, a PhD researcher in the Centre for Extragalactic Astronomy within the Department of Physics at Durham University, who is also the lead author on the research. "This is a real surprise because you would expect the universe at that stage to be very turbulent with lots of collisions between galaxies and a lot of gas that hasn’t yet transformed into stars." Also watch | The Big Space: James Webb Telescope makes shocking discovery, shows extreme promise early on × "However, thanks to the James Webb Space Telescope we are seeing a lot of these bars much earlier in the life of the Universe which means that galaxies were at a more settled stage in their evolution than previously thought." "This means we will have to adjust our views on early galaxy evolution." (With inputs from agencies)

'Surprise'! Scientists discover earliest known galaxies since about beginning of time

Last year in November, NASA’s Lucy spacecraft on its mission to study asteroid Dinkinesh, found out that it is actually a binary. That little piece of rock hidden behind asteroid Dinkinesh or Dinky was named Selam by astronomers. Since then, experts have been studying the little moonlet for more information.

In one such study, they tried to estimate the age of Selam and found out that it is actually a toddler. According to their calculations, the tiny Selam which&nbsp;separated from its larger companion Dinky about&nbsp;2 to 3 million years back is way younger than known.

Also Read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/were-neanderthals-spiritual-and-religious-netflix-documentary-secrets-of-the-neanderthals-explores-717631">Were Neanderthals spiritual and religious? Netflix documentary has some answers</a>

"Finding the ages of asteroids is important to understanding them, and this one is remarkably young when compared to the age of the solar system, meaning it formed somewhat recently," Colby Merrill, a doctoral student at Cornell University, said in a statement.&nbsp;

<h2>How astronomers found&nbsp;Selam is a toddler&nbsp;</h2>

Merill and team have been investigating the newly found asteroid’s dynamics and began constructing a model of how Selam orbits Dinkinesh. They found out that Selam orbits Dinkinesh in loosely packed debris ejected by the asteroid. Assuming that this is the origin of Selam, the team used a model to estimate the asteroid’s age.&nbsp;

Generally, astronomers date an asteroid by counting the number of impact craters on its surface- the more the craters, the longer&nbsp;an asteroid has been around to receive those impacts. But Merrill and his colleagues used a different method.

Also Read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/change-6-china-launches-historic-mission-to-collect-samples-from-far-side-of-the-moon-717698">Chang’e-6: China launches historic mission to collect samples from far side of the Moon</a>

They simulated Selam forming from Dinkinesh under a range of different starting conditions and waited until Selam reached the orbit that Lucy glimpsed last November.

The team simulated 1 million scenarios that resulted in a Selam-like body forming. The median scenario dated Selam as 3 million years old, while the most common answer was closer to 2 million. “If either of these figures is correct, Selam may actually be younger than Lucy's namesake, the 3.2-million-year old human ancestor Australopithecus afarensis discovered in Ethiopia in the 1970s”, concludes the team.

"Obtaining the age of this one body can help us to understand the population as a whole,” Merrill further said.

Also Read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/lost-in-space-satellite-missing-since-1990s-located-in-earths-orbit-how-can-someone-lose-a-satellite-717732">'Lost in space': Satellite missing since 1990s located in Earth's orbit. How can someone lose a satellite?</a>

The authors published their work in the journal Astronomy &amp; Astrophysics on April 5.

For Lucy, it has only begun its tour of the solar system. The next asteroid on its itinerary, located between Mars and Jupiter, is 52246 Donaldjohanson, which Lucy will visit in 2025.&nbsp;

(With inputs from agencies)

Last year in November, NASA’s Lucy spacecraft on its mission to study asteroid Dinkinesh, found out that it is actually a binary. That little piece of rock hidden behind asteroid Dinkinesh or Dinky was named Selam by astronomers.

Last year in November, NASA’s Lucy spacecraft on its mission to study asteroid Dinkinesh, found out that it is actually a binary. That little piece of rock hidden behind asteroid Dinkinesh or Dinky was named Selam by astronomers. Since then, experts have been studying the little moonlet for more information. In one such study, they tried to estimate the age of Selam and found out that it is actually a toddler. According to their calculations, the tiny Selam which separated from its larger companion Dinky about 2 to 3 million years back is way younger than known. Also Read | Were Neanderthals spiritual and religious? Netflix documentary has some answers "Finding the ages of asteroids is important to understanding them, and this one is remarkably young when compared to the age of the solar system, meaning it formed somewhat recently," Colby Merrill, a doctoral student at Cornell University, said in a statement. How astronomers found Selam is a toddler Merill and team have been investigating the newly found asteroid’s dynamics and began constructing a model of how Selam orbits Dinkinesh. They found out that Selam orbits Dinkinesh in loosely packed debris ejected by the asteroid. Assuming that this is the origin of Selam, the team used a model to estimate the asteroid’s age. Generally, astronomers date an asteroid by counting the number of impact craters on its surface- the more the craters, the longer an asteroid has been around to receive those impacts. But Merrill and his colleagues used a different method. Also Read | Chang’e-6: China launches historic mission to collect samples from far side of the Moon They simulated Selam forming from Dinkinesh under a range of different starting conditions and waited until Selam reached the orbit that Lucy glimpsed last November. The team simulated 1 million scenarios that resulted in a Selam-like body forming. The median scenario dated Selam as 3 million years old, while the most common answer was closer to 2 million. “If either of these figures is correct, Selam may actually be younger than Lucy's namesake, the 3.2-million-year old human ancestor Australopithecus afarensis discovered in Ethiopia in the 1970s”, concludes the team. "Obtaining the age of this one body can help us to understand the population as a whole,” Merrill further said. Also Read | 'Lost in space': Satellite missing since 1990s located in Earth's orbit. How can someone lose a satellite? The authors published their work in the journal Astronomy & Astrophysics on April 5. For Lucy, it has only begun its tour of the solar system. The next asteroid on its itinerary, located between Mars and Jupiter, is 52246 Donaldjohanson, which Lucy will visit in 2025. (With inputs from agencies)

Asteroid Dinkinesh's duo Selam spotted by NASA's Lucy spacecraft turns out to be cosmic toddler

Do you think losing your keys for days is bad? Scientists lost a whole satellite for an entire 25 years.&nbsp;The satellite has now been spotted, but the story of the S73-7 satellite is like a cosmic mystery novel. Here's all you need to know.

<h2>Lost in Space</h2>

Imagine a satellite launched in 1974, only to vanish in the 1990s, lost in the sea of space debris orbiting Earth.&nbsp;

For decades, the satellite remained invisible to tracking systems, until this week…when it suddenly reappeared on radar screens, all thanks to the efforts of the Space Force's 18th Space Defence Squadron.

On X, formerly Twitter, Jonathan McDowell, an astrophysicist from the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, announced, "The S73-7 satellite has been rediscovered after being untracked for 25 years."&nbsp;

<div class="ui-state-default" contenteditable="false">
<div class="twitter-block" draggable="false">
<blockquote class="twitter-tweet">
The S73-7 satellite has been rediscovered after being untracked for 25 years. New TLEs for object 7244 started appearing on Apr 25. Congrats to whichever <a href="https://twitter.com/18thSDS?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">@18thSDS</a> analyst made the identification. <a href="https://t.co/YJOow5o4ND">pic.twitter.com/YJOow5o4ND</a>
— Jonathan McDowell (@planet4589) <a href="https://twitter.com/planet4589/status/1784809456548663518?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">April 29, 2024</a></blockquote>
<script async src="https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js" charset="utf-8"></script></div>
<a class="close-mark close-div" href="#" id="jqclosemark">×</a></div>

<h2>How can anyone lose a satellite?</h2>

The satellite, officially known as the Infra-Red Calibration Balloon, was part of the United States Air Force's Space Test Program.&nbsp;

Launched on April 10, 1974, the satellite's mission was to inflate in orbit and serve as a&nbsp;calibration target for remote sensing instruments.&nbsp;However, a deployment failure set it adrift in space, its whereabouts unknown.

As per Gizmodo, often, defunct satellites or debris can go missing for years in the increasingly crowded Earth orbit.

Jonathan McDowell, in a conversation with the publication, revealed that S73-7 had been tracked in the 1970s, before vanishing in the 1990s once again.&nbsp;

The satellite possibly has a "very low radar cross-section," said McDowell, adding "And maybe the thing that they’re tracking is a dispenser or a piece of the balloon that didn't deploy right, so it’s not metal and doesn’t show up well on radar."

As per the report, on Earth, there are ground-based radar and optical seasons that any time are tracking more than 20,000 objects in orbit. This is tricky business, as the majority of these objects don't transmit their identities. Instead, tracking relies on matching orbits, a task made harder in geostationary orbits where tracking gaps exist.

"There's actually a hole in the tracking…If you hug the equator, you can hide from the tracking," explained McDowell.

"It's basically like air traffic control. All this stuff is whizzing around and if you're going to try flying through that, you want to know where the hazards are."

This rediscovery highlights the challenges of tracking the 27,000 objects in Earth's orbit, ranging from operational satellites to debris.&nbsp;

(With inputs from agencies)

Do you think losing your keys for days is bad? Scientists lost a whole satellite for an entire 25 years. The satellite has now been spotted, but the story of the S73-7 satellite is like a cosmic mystery novel.

Do you think losing your keys for days is bad? Scientists lost a whole satellite for an entire 25 years. The satellite has now been spotted, but the story of the S73-7 satellite is like a cosmic mystery novel. Here's all you need to know. Lost in Space Imagine a satellite launched in 1974, only to vanish in the 1990s, lost in the sea of space debris orbiting Earth. For decades, the satellite remained invisible to tracking systems, until this week…when it suddenly reappeared on radar screens, all thanks to the efforts of the Space Force's 18th Space Defence Squadron. On X, formerly Twitter, Jonathan McDowell, an astrophysicist from the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, announced, "The S73-7 satellite has been rediscovered after being untracked for 25 years." The S73-7 satellite has been rediscovered after being untracked for 25 years. New TLEs for object 7244 started appearing on Apr 25. Congrats to whichever @18thSDS analyst made the identification. pic.twitter.com/YJOow5o4ND — Jonathan McDowell (@planet4589) April 29, 2024 × How can anyone lose a satellite? The satellite, officially known as the Infra-Red Calibration Balloon, was part of the United States Air Force's Space Test Program. Launched on April 10, 1974, the satellite's mission was to inflate in orbit and serve as a calibration target for remote sensing instruments. However, a deployment failure set it adrift in space, its whereabouts unknown. As per Gizmodo, often, defunct satellites or debris can go missing for years in the increasingly crowded Earth orbit. Jonathan McDowell, in a conversation with the publication, revealed that S73-7 had been tracked in the 1970s, before vanishing in the 1990s once again. The satellite possibly has a "very low radar cross-section," said McDowell, adding "And maybe the thing that they’re tracking is a dispenser or a piece of the balloon that didn't deploy right, so it’s not metal and doesn’t show up well on radar." As per the report, on Earth, there are ground-based radar and optical seasons that any time are tracking more than 20,000 objects in orbit. This is tricky business, as the majority of these objects don't transmit their identities. Instead, tracking relies on matching orbits, a task made harder in geostationary orbits where tracking gaps exist. "There's actually a hole in the tracking…If you hug the equator, you can hide from the tracking," explained McDowell. "It's basically like air traffic control. All this stuff is whizzing around and if you're going to try flying through that, you want to know where the hazards are." This rediscovery highlights the challenges of tracking the 27,000 objects in Earth's orbit, ranging from operational satellites to debris. (With inputs from agencies)

'Lost in space': Satellite missing since 1990s located in Earth's orbit. How can someone lose a satellite?

With NASA’s Artemis programme, humans are set to return to the lunar surface after more than half a century. The last time humans set foot on the Moon was in 1972, under the iconic Apollo programme.&nbsp;

As NASA and other space agencies&nbsp;gear up for the journey, researchers are thinking of ways to help astronauts brave the hostile lunar environment, including the provision of basics like&nbsp;air, food and water. One such important chore also includes- exercise.

Exercise is much more important for astronauts in space than on Earth. Due to the low gravity on the Moon, astronauts tend to become weak and feeble, so much so, that sometimes they need help to stand up or walk after landing back on Earth.

Also Read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/scientists-unveil-what-75000-year-old-neanderthal-woman-shanidar-zs-looked-like-717254">Scientists unveil what 75,000 year-old Neanderthal woman 'Shanidar Z' looked like</a>

One famous instance related to this was of US astronaut Chris Caddy who was carried by multiple men upon his landing in Kazakhstan after 166 days on the International Space Station.
<img alt="Chris Cassidy" data-align="center" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="ebf5d1d9-634d-47e8-aa46-2210c4399807" src="//cdn.wionews.com/sites/default/files/inline-images/skynews-nasa-astronaut_6539525.jpg" />
To tackle this, researchers at the University of Milan found a way that could help astronauts exercise on the Moon - a “Wall of Death” workout.&nbsp;

<h2>What is the ‘Wall of Death’ workout?</h2>

The team of researchers at the University of Milan tied people to bungee cords to replicate lunar gravity and asked them to run fast enough around the “Wall of Death”- a giant wooden cylinder used for motorcycle stunts at fairs.&nbsp;

The test subjects were asked to be fast enough to prevent themselves from skidding down the wall. Due to the presence of Earth’s gravity, this task sounded difficult, but with the help of bungee cords, the team was successful in reducing the gravity, and people were able to stick to the wall for multiple laps.

Also Read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/moons-north-pole-could-have-more-water-ice-than-south-says-study-717103">Moon's north pole could have more water ice than south, says study</a>

This same model can be used on the lunar surface&nbsp;during the stint of astronauts on the Moon.

This exercise is high impact and "just twice a day, for three or four laps" would be enough to keep astronauts' muscles and bones healthy on the moon, said lead researcher Professor Alberto Minetti.

“This could be a convenient way to train on the moon.”

Calculations by Minetti and his colleagues show that humans would find it extremely difficult to run around a Wall of Death on Earth without falling down. But in lunar gravity, which is one-sixth that on Earth, the feat is much easier.&nbsp;

Exercise on the Moon has concerned researchers for years. The reduced gravity on the lunar surface means the astronauts’ muscles would bear 83 per cent less body weight than on Earth. This risks their fitness levels, as their muscles experience atrophying, and symptoms similar to osteoporosis as their bones become brittle.&nbsp;

Also Read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/women-experience-more-years-in-poor-health-than-men-key-study-finds-717194">Women experience more years in poor health than men, key study finds</a>

Rather than transporting an actual Wall of Death to the moon, astronauts could be housed in circular habitats, allowing them to run around the walls of their off-world homes, the team wrote in Royal Society Open Science.

While the idea of a Wall of Death workout for astronauts on the Moon looks promising, it remains to be seen how practical it would be under the environmental circumstances of the lunar surface.&nbsp;

(With inputs from agencies)

With NASA’s Artemis programme, humans are set to return to the lunar surface after more than half a century. The last time humans set foot on the Moon was in 1972, under the iconic Apollo programme.

With NASA’s Artemis programme, humans are set to return to the lunar surface after more than half a century. The last time humans set foot on the Moon was in 1972, under the iconic Apollo programme. As NASA and other space agencies gear up for the journey, researchers are thinking of ways to help astronauts brave the hostile lunar environment, including the provision of basics like air, food and water. One such important chore also includes- exercise. Exercise is much more important for astronauts in space than on Earth. Due to the low gravity on the Moon, astronauts tend to become weak and feeble, so much so, that sometimes they need help to stand up or walk after landing back on Earth. Also Read | Scientists unveil what 75,000 year-old Neanderthal woman 'Shanidar Z' looked like One famous instance related to this was of US astronaut Chris Caddy who was carried by multiple men upon his landing in Kazakhstan after 166 days on the International Space Station. To tackle this, researchers at the University of Milan found a way that could help astronauts exercise on the Moon - a “Wall of Death” workout. What is the ‘Wall of Death’ workout? The team of researchers at the University of Milan tied people to bungee cords to replicate lunar gravity and asked them to run fast enough around the “Wall of Death”- a giant wooden cylinder used for motorcycle stunts at fairs. The test subjects were asked to be fast enough to prevent themselves from skidding down the wall. Due to the presence of Earth’s gravity, this task sounded difficult, but with the help of bungee cords, the team was successful in reducing the gravity, and people were able to stick to the wall for multiple laps. Also Read | Moon's north pole could have more water ice than south, says study This same model can be used on the lunar surface during the stint of astronauts on the Moon. This exercise is high impact and "just twice a day, for three or four laps" would be enough to keep astronauts' muscles and bones healthy on the moon, said lead researcher Professor Alberto Minetti. “This could be a convenient way to train on the moon.” Calculations by Minetti and his colleagues show that humans would find it extremely difficult to run around a Wall of Death on Earth without falling down. But in lunar gravity, which is one-sixth that on Earth, the feat is much easier. Exercise on the Moon has concerned researchers for years. The reduced gravity on the lunar surface means the astronauts’ muscles would bear 83 per cent less body weight than on Earth. This risks their fitness levels, as their muscles experience atrophying, and symptoms similar to osteoporosis as their bones become brittle. Also Read | Women experience more years in poor health than men, key study finds Rather than transporting an actual Wall of Death to the moon, astronauts could be housed in circular habitats, allowing them to run around the walls of their off-world homes, the team wrote in Royal Society Open Science. While the idea of a Wall of Death workout for astronauts on the Moon looks promising, it remains to be seen how practical it would be under the environmental circumstances of the lunar surface. (With inputs from agencies)

'Wall of Death' workout can keep astronauts fit on the Moon. Here's how it works

UK archaeologists have unveiled the face of a Neanderthal woman who lived 75,000 years ago. The reconstructed face&nbsp;can potentially shift long-standing perceptions of the Neanderthal species, usually considered brutish and primitive beings.&nbsp;

The research, conducted by a team from Cambridge and Liverpool John Moores universities, aimed to more accurately date burials found in Shanidar Cave, located in the Zagros Mountains of Iraqi Kurdistan. It also endeavoured to contribute to the broader discussion about why Neanderthals disappeared about 40,000 years ago.&nbsp;

<h2>How was her face reconstructed?</h2>

The woman whose&nbsp;remains were discovered in 2018 in Shanidar Cave was named Shanidar Z.

Shanidar Z, as per estimates, was 40-something at the time of her death and was found laid to rest in a sleeping position.

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/astrazeneca-covid-vaccine-court-case-rare-side-effects-admission-of-guilt-and-more-all-you-need-to-know-716604">AstraZeneca Covid vaccine: Court case, rare side effects, admission of guilt, and more. All you need to know</a>

The discovery of Shanidar Z was particularly notable for the condition of her skull, which, was found flattened, compressed to a thickness of just two centimetres, possibly flattened by a rockfall relatively soon after her death, reports AFP.

In spite of that, it is considered one of the best-preserved Neanderthal skulls found this century.

The final reconstruction of Shanidar Z’s face was achieved through 3D printing and detailed paleoartistry by Dutch twin artists Adrie and Alfons Kennis. It&nbsp;highlights less pronounced differences between Neanderthals and modern humans than previously thought.&nbsp;

Emma Pomeroy, the Cambridge palaeo-anthropologist who uncovered Shanidar Z, highlighted the interbreeding between Neanderthals and humans "to the extent that almost everyone alive today still has Neanderthal DNA."

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/scientists-identify-over-27500-previously-unnoticed-asteroids-near-earth-were-they-a-threat-716926">Over 27,500 previously unnoticed asteroids near Earth identified. Were they a threat?</a>

This was&nbsp;the fifth body identified in a cluster buried for several hundred years in the cave.

The positioning of the bodies in the cluster in the same spot, in the same position and facing in the same direction implied "tradition" and the "passing of knowledge between&nbsp;generations,"&nbsp;suggests Professor Chris Hunt of John Moores.

"It looks much more like purposeful behaviour that you wouldn’t associate with the textbook stories about Neanderthals, which is that their lives were nasty, brutish, and short," he added.

(With inputs from agencies)

UK archaeologists have unveiled the face of a Neanderthal woman who lived 75,000 years ago. The reconstructed face can potentially shift long-standing perceptions of the Neanderthal species, usually considered brutish and primitive beings.

UK archaeologists have unveiled the face of a Neanderthal woman who lived 75,000 years ago. The reconstructed face can potentially shift long-standing perceptions of the Neanderthal species, usually considered brutish and primitive beings. The research, conducted by a team from Cambridge and Liverpool John Moores universities, aimed to more accurately date burials found in Shanidar Cave, located in the Zagros Mountains of Iraqi Kurdistan. It also endeavoured to contribute to the broader discussion about why Neanderthals disappeared about 40,000 years ago. How was her face reconstructed? The woman whose remains were discovered in 2018 in Shanidar Cave was named Shanidar Z. Shanidar Z, as per estimates, was 40-something at the time of her death and was found laid to rest in a sleeping position. Also read | AstraZeneca Covid vaccine: Court case, rare side effects, admission of guilt, and more. All you need to know The discovery of Shanidar Z was particularly notable for the condition of her skull, which, was found flattened, compressed to a thickness of just two centimetres, possibly flattened by a rockfall relatively soon after her death, reports AFP. In spite of that, it is considered one of the best-preserved Neanderthal skulls found this century. The final reconstruction of Shanidar Z’s face was achieved through 3D printing and detailed paleoartistry by Dutch twin artists Adrie and Alfons Kennis. It highlights less pronounced differences between Neanderthals and modern humans than previously thought. Emma Pomeroy, the Cambridge palaeo-anthropologist who uncovered Shanidar Z, highlighted the interbreeding between Neanderthals and humans "to the extent that almost everyone alive today still has Neanderthal DNA." Also read | Over 27,500 previously unnoticed asteroids near Earth identified. Were they a threat? This was the fifth body identified in a cluster buried for several hundred years in the cave. The positioning of the bodies in the cluster in the same spot, in the same position and facing in the same direction implied "tradition" and the "passing of knowledge between generations," suggests Professor Chris Hunt of John Moores. "It looks much more like purposeful behaviour that you wouldn’t associate with the textbook stories about Neanderthals, which is that their lives were nasty, brutish, and short," he added. (With inputs from agencies)

Scientists unveil what 75,000 year-old Neanderthal woman 'Shanidar Z' looked like

The sun released an extremely powerful solar flare on April 30 night which caused massive radio blackouts across the Pacific region. The flare peaked at 7:46 pm EDT (2346 GMT) and ended shortly after at 7:58 pm EDT (2358 GMT), Space.com reported.&nbsp;

A solar flare is a brief eruption of intense high-energy radiation from the sun's surface. The phenomenon is associated with sunspots and leads to radio and magnetic disturbances on the Earth.&nbsp;

There are different categories of solar flares labelled with different alphabets, with X-class being the most powerful. After that, there is M-class which is 10 times less powerful than X-class.&nbsp;

Also read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/surprise-scientists-discover-earliest-known-galaxies-since-about-beginning-of-time-717378">'Surprise'! Scientists discover earliest known galaxies since about beginning of time</a>&nbsp;

C-class is after M-class and weaker too, but more powerful than &nbsp;B-class. The last one is A-class, which is 10 times the weakest of all and doesn't pose noticeable dangers to planet Earth.&nbsp;

Spaceweatherlive.com reported that the one that struck Earth on Tuesday clocked in at M9.53, which was measured by NASA's GOES-16 satellite. It put the solar flare in M-class, however, it was a range very close to X-class.&nbsp;

The last X-class solar flare, which had the capacity to ionise the part of Earth's atmosphere, was detected on March 28. The Space Weather had then reported that the explosion was so powerful that it led to a "deep shortwave radio blackout over the Pacific Ocean".&nbsp;

Also read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/india-news/isro-captures-high-resolution-images-of-chandrayaan-3s-vikram-lander-pragyan-rover-resting-on-moon-717383">ISRO captures high-resolution images of Chandrayaan-3's Vikram lander, Pragyan rover resting on Moon</a>&nbsp;

Strong solar produces widespread radio blackouts due to the intense pulse of X-rays and high ultraviolet radiation pacing towards Earth.&nbsp;

Space.com reported that the April 30 solar flare emitted radiation that impacted the sunlit portion of Earth when it erupted, which in this case was the Pacific region.&nbsp;

"Mariners and ham radio operators may have noticed a loss of signal below 20 MHz for as much as 30 minutes after the flare's peak,"&nbsp;Spaceweather.com reported.

While commenting on the recent flare, astrophysicist Ryan French posted on X: "Despite high sunspot numbers for the last couple of weeks, tonight's near X-class #SolarFlare is the first decent-sized flare in some time! When and where will the next X-class event come from?"&nbsp;

A solar scientist, Alex Young, also took to X to write: "It is always exciting when a sunspot region lives up to its potential. AR3654 has just done that."&nbsp;

<div class="ui-state-default" contenteditable="false">
<div class="twitter-block" draggable="false">
<blockquote class="twitter-tweet">
😱Update Apr 30, 2024: Almost X flare! 
 
👏💥🤩It is always exciting when a sunspot region lives up to its potential. AR3654 has just done that. At 23:23 UTC on Apr 30, the region released a flare that almost made it to X with an M9.5. 
 
🧐MORE at EarthSky: <a href="https://t.co/xD29wLfm4e">https://t.co/xD29wLfm4e</a> <a href="https://t.co/efGC1G2Rn8">pic.twitter.com/efGC1G2Rn8</a>
— Dr. C. Alex Young (@TheSunToday) <a href="https://twitter.com/TheSunToday/status/1785472799106011573?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">May 1, 2024</a></blockquote>
<script async src="https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js" charset="utf-8"></script></div>
<a class="close-mark close-div" href="#" id="jqclosemark">×</a></div>

&nbsp;

The sun released an extremely powerful solar flare on April 30 night which caused massive radio blackouts across the Pacific region. The flare peaked at 7:46 pm EDT (2346 GMT) and ended shortly after at 7:58 pm EDT (2358 GMT), Space.

The sun released an extremely powerful solar flare on April 30 night which caused massive radio blackouts across the Pacific region. The flare peaked at 7:46 pm EDT (2346 GMT) and ended shortly after at 7:58 pm EDT (2358 GMT), Space.com reported. A solar flare is a brief eruption of intense high-energy radiation from the sun's surface. The phenomenon is associated with sunspots and leads to radio and magnetic disturbances on the Earth. There are different categories of solar flares labelled with different alphabets, with X-class being the most powerful. After that, there is M-class which is 10 times less powerful than X-class. Also read: 'Surprise'! Scientists discover earliest known galaxies since about beginning of time C-class is after M-class and weaker too, but more powerful than B-class. The last one is A-class, which is 10 times the weakest of all and doesn't pose noticeable dangers to planet Earth. Spaceweatherlive.com reported that the one that struck Earth on Tuesday clocked in at M9.53, which was measured by NASA's GOES-16 satellite. It put the solar flare in M-class, however, it was a range very close to X-class. The last X-class solar flare, which had the capacity to ionise the part of Earth's atmosphere, was detected on March 28. The Space Weather had then reported that the explosion was so powerful that it led to a "deep shortwave radio blackout over the Pacific Ocean". Also read: ISRO captures high-resolution images of Chandrayaan-3's Vikram lander, Pragyan rover resting on Moon Strong solar produces widespread radio blackouts due to the intense pulse of X-rays and high ultraviolet radiation pacing towards Earth. Space.com reported that the April 30 solar flare emitted radiation that impacted the sunlit portion of Earth when it erupted, which in this case was the Pacific region. "Mariners and ham radio operators may have noticed a loss of signal below 20 MHz for as much as 30 minutes after the flare's peak," Spaceweather.com reported. While commenting on the recent flare, astrophysicist Ryan French posted on X: "Despite high sunspot numbers for the last couple of weeks, tonight's near X-class #SolarFlare is the first decent-sized flare in some time! When and where will the next X-class event come from?" A solar scientist, Alex Young, also took to X to write: "It is always exciting when a sunspot region lives up to its potential. AR3654 has just done that." 😱Update Apr 30, 2024: Almost X flare! 👏💥🤩It is always exciting when a sunspot region lives up to its potential. AR3654 has just done that. At 23:23 UTC on Apr 30, the region released a flare that almost made it to X with an M9.5. 🧐MORE at EarthSky: https://t.co/xD29wLfm4e pic.twitter.com/efGC1G2Rn8 — Dr. C. Alex Young (@TheSunToday) May 1, 2024 ×

Massive, near X-class, solar flares led to radio blackouts across the Pacific

A global gender health gap analysis has found that women experience more years in poor health than men. Researchers found that illness and disability-causing conditions such as musculoskeletal problems, mental health issues and headache disorders, particularly affect women.&nbsp;

The findings of the study were published in the Lancet Public Health journal.&nbsp;

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/study-lesbian-and-bisexual-women-at-higher-mortality-risk-due-to-toxic-social-stigma-715343">Study: Lesbian and bisexual women at higher mortality risk due to 'toxic' social stigma</a>

The study examined the impact of the world's 20 leading causes of diseases. It found that globally there has been limited progress in bridging health gaps over the past three decades.

<h2>Men are affected by conditions that cause premature death</h2>

The study found that men are disproportionately affected by conditions that cause premature death such as cardiovascular diseases, respiratory and liver diseases, Covid and road injuries.

<h2>But don't women live longer than men?</h2>

Yes. That's true. Women live about seven years longer than men&nbsp;on average. But most of them live with higher levels of illness and disability throughout their lives. The health differences, the study found, between women and men continue to grow with age.&nbsp;

The study’s senior author, Dr Luisa Sorio Flor at the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME), University of Washington, said in a statement: "This report clearly shows that over the past 30 years global progress on health has been uneven."

"Females have longer lives but live more years in poor health, with limited progress made in reducing the burden of conditions leading to illness and disability, underscoring the urgent need for greater attention to non-fatal consequences that limit women’s physical and mental function, especially at older ages. Similarly, males are experiencing a much higher and growing burden of disease with fatal consequences."

Also watch |&nbsp;Gravitas: Big tech firms promote toxic health cures for women

<div class="ui-state-default" contenteditable="false">
<div class="twitter-block" draggable="false">
<div class="videoWrapper trancodeVideo"><iframe allowfullscreen="" autoplay="1" class="includeVideo" frameborder="0" height="350" src="https://www.wionews.com/videos/gravitas-big-tech-firms-promote-toxic-health-cures-for-women-622146/embed" style="width:100%;max-width:560px;" width="560"></iframe></div>
</div>
<a class="close-mark close-div" href="#" id="jqclosemark">×</a></div>

The study is also a call for countries to expand their health data classified on the basis of sex and gender data, said Sorio Flor. "The timing is right for this study and call to action – not only because of where the evidence is now, but because COVID-19 has starkly reminded us that sex differences can profoundly impact health outcomes."

“One key point the study highlights is how females and males differ in many biological and social factors that fluctuate and, sometimes, accumulate over time, resulting in them experiencing health and disease differently at each stage of life and across world regions.

"The challenge now is to design, implement and evaluate sex- and gender-informed ways of preventing and treating the major causes of morbidity and premature mortality from an early age and across diverse populations."

Among the conditions studied, the findings suggested that women are put at a disadvantage by conditions such as back pain, depressive disorders, headache disorders, anxiety disorders, bone and muscle disorders, Alzheimer’s disease and other dementias, and HIV and Aids.

The study found that these conditions contribute to illness and disability throughout life as opposed to leading to premature death.

A global gender health gap analysis has found that women experience more years in poor health than men. Researchers found that illness and disability-causing conditions such as musculoskeletal problems, mental health issues and headache disorders, particularly affect women.

A global gender health gap analysis has found that women experience more years in poor health than men. Researchers found that illness and disability-causing conditions such as musculoskeletal problems, mental health issues and headache disorders, particularly affect women. The findings of the study were published in the Lancet Public Health journal. Also read | Study: Lesbian and bisexual women at higher mortality risk due to 'toxic' social stigma The study examined the impact of the world's 20 leading causes of diseases. It found that globally there has been limited progress in bridging health gaps over the past three decades. Men are affected by conditions that cause premature death The study found that men are disproportionately affected by conditions that cause premature death such as cardiovascular diseases, respiratory and liver diseases, Covid and road injuries. But don't women live longer than men? Yes. That's true. Women live about seven years longer than men on average. But most of them live with higher levels of illness and disability throughout their lives. The health differences, the study found, between women and men continue to grow with age. The study’s senior author, Dr Luisa Sorio Flor at the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME), University of Washington, said in a statement: "This report clearly shows that over the past 30 years global progress on health has been uneven." "Females have longer lives but live more years in poor health, with limited progress made in reducing the burden of conditions leading to illness and disability, underscoring the urgent need for greater attention to non-fatal consequences that limit women’s physical and mental function, especially at older ages. Similarly, males are experiencing a much higher and growing burden of disease with fatal consequences." Also watch | Gravitas: Big tech firms promote toxic health cures for women × The study is also a call for countries to expand their health data classified on the basis of sex and gender data, said Sorio Flor. "The timing is right for this study and call to action – not only because of where the evidence is now, but because COVID-19 has starkly reminded us that sex differences can profoundly impact health outcomes." “One key point the study highlights is how females and males differ in many biological and social factors that fluctuate and, sometimes, accumulate over time, resulting in them experiencing health and disease differently at each stage of life and across world regions. "The challenge now is to design, implement and evaluate sex- and gender-informed ways of preventing and treating the major causes of morbidity and premature mortality from an early age and across diverse populations." Among the conditions studied, the findings suggested that women are put at a disadvantage by conditions such as back pain, depressive disorders, headache disorders, anxiety disorders, bone and muscle disorders, Alzheimer’s disease and other dementias, and HIV and Aids. The study found that these conditions contribute to illness and disability throughout life as opposed to leading to premature death.

Women experience more years in poor health than men, key study finds

A prehistoric settlement of massive size has been discovered in the Banat region of northeastern Serbia. Archaeologists date back the previously known settlement to some 7,000 years, much later than the Late Neolithic period.&nbsp;

"This discovery is of outstanding importance, as hardly any larger Late Neolithic settlements are known in the Serbian Banat region," research leader Martin Furholt from the Institute of Prehistoric and Protohistoric Archaeology (IPPA) at Kiel University in Germany, said in a press release.

The settlement is located near the Tamis River in the Banat region of northeastern Serbia, a landlocked country in the Balkans.

Also Read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/india-news/isro-captures-high-resolution-images-of-chandrayaan-3s-vikram-lander-pragyan-rover-resting-on-moon-717383">ISRO captures high-resolution images of Chandrayaan-3's Vikram lander, Pragyan rover resting on Moon</a>

The team managed to fully map the extent of the geographical area of the settlement, determining that it covers an area of roughly 11-13 hectares. It is also surrounded by four and six ditches on each side.

"A settlement of this size is spectacular. The geophysical data also gives us a clear idea of the structure of the site 7,000 years ago," Fynn Wilkes, co-team leader of the German-Serbian research team with the IPPA, said in the release.
<img alt="Prehistoric settlement " data-align="center" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="4f3cf033-6f5a-46bf-a0dc-27f989db98cb" src="//cdn.wionews.com/sites/default/files/inline-images/Untitled%20design%20-%202024-05-02T170327.785.png" />
During the mapping of the site, archaeologists also found some artefacts that show a link to the Vinca culture, which dates back to between 5400 BC and 4400 BC. The Vinca culture is a prehistoric group that occupied a region of southeastern-central Europe during this period.&nbsp;

Also Read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/big-worlds-highest-astronomical-observatory-is-finally-open-and-sits-atop-chiles-andes-mountains-717365">Big! World's highest astronomical observatory is finally open and sits atop Chile's Andes Mountains</a>

Its territory now primarily corresponds to Serbia and Kosovo, as well as parts of Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, Croatia, Bosnia, Montenegro and North Macedonia. Among other distinctive characteristics, the culture is known for producing some of the largest settlements in prehistoric Europe.

The newly uncovered settlement is also associated with the Vinca culture based on the material found at the site. The site also appears to have been strongly influenced by the regional Banat prehistoric culture.&nbsp;

Also Read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/surprise-scientists-discover-earliest-known-galaxies-since-about-beginning-of-time-717378">'Surprise'! Scientists discover earliest known galaxies since about beginning of time</a>

"This is also remarkable, as only a few settlements with material from the Banat culture are known from what is now Serbia," Wilkes said.

Further investigations of the site are still going on, but the discovery of the settlement itself will be of great help to researchers to better understand prehistoric societies in the region.&nbsp;

(With inputs from agencies)

A prehistoric settlement of massive size has been discovered in the Banat region of northeastern Serbia. Archaeologists date back the previously known settlement to some 7,000 years, much later than the Late Neolithic period.

A prehistoric settlement of massive size has been discovered in the Banat region of northeastern Serbia. Archaeologists date back the previously known settlement to some 7,000 years, much later than the Late Neolithic period. "This discovery is of outstanding importance, as hardly any larger Late Neolithic settlements are known in the Serbian Banat region," research leader Martin Furholt from the Institute of Prehistoric and Protohistoric Archaeology (IPPA) at Kiel University in Germany, said in a press release. The settlement is located near the Tamis River in the Banat region of northeastern Serbia, a landlocked country in the Balkans. Also Read | ISRO captures high-resolution images of Chandrayaan-3's Vikram lander, Pragyan rover resting on Moon The team managed to fully map the extent of the geographical area of the settlement, determining that it covers an area of roughly 11-13 hectares. It is also surrounded by four and six ditches on each side. "A settlement of this size is spectacular. The geophysical data also gives us a clear idea of the structure of the site 7,000 years ago," Fynn Wilkes, co-team leader of the German-Serbian research team with the IPPA, said in the release. During the mapping of the site, archaeologists also found some artefacts that show a link to the Vinca culture, which dates back to between 5400 BC and 4400 BC. The Vinca culture is a prehistoric group that occupied a region of southeastern-central Europe during this period. Also Read | Big! World's highest astronomical observatory is finally open and sits atop Chile's Andes Mountains Its territory now primarily corresponds to Serbia and Kosovo, as well as parts of Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, Croatia, Bosnia, Montenegro and North Macedonia. Among other distinctive characteristics, the culture is known for producing some of the largest settlements in prehistoric Europe. The newly uncovered settlement is also associated with the Vinca culture based on the material found at the site. The site also appears to have been strongly influenced by the regional Banat prehistoric culture. Also Read | 'Surprise'! Scientists discover earliest known galaxies since about beginning of time "This is also remarkable, as only a few settlements with material from the Banat culture are known from what is now Serbia," Wilkes said. Further investigations of the site are still going on, but the discovery of the settlement itself will be of great help to researchers to better understand prehistoric societies in the region. (With inputs from agencies)

Archaeologists discover a massive 7000-year-old pre-historic settlement in Serbia

Good news for all astronomy enthusiasts! The world’s highest astronomical observatory at 5,640 metres (18,500 feet) above sea level is now open in the Atacama Desert. Any stargazer who has camped on a mountainside is aware of how much clearer the stars look from there, now imagine observing the starry world from the highest point in the world.&nbsp;

The University of Tokyo Atacama Observatory (TAO) is now built and fully operational, sitting on the summit of a mountain in the Atacama Desert. It is now the world’s highest location with a ground-based telescope that will give astronomers an infrared view of the universe.&nbsp;

Also Read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/scientists-propose-wall-of-death-workout-to-keep-astronauts-fit-on-moon-717266">'Wall of Death' workout can keep astronauts fit on the Moon. Here's how it works</a>

But constructing this observatory at a peak of 5,640 metres was not an easy task, and took 26 years to come out in its present form. The TAO was first conceptualised 26 years ago to study the evolution of galaxies and exoplanets.&nbsp;

<h2>Location of the observatory</h2>

Speaking of the exact location, TAO is located on the summit of Atacama’s Cerro Chajnantor mountain that also has a significant meaning. Cerro Chajnantor means “place of departure” in the now-extinct Kunza language of the indigenous Likan Antai community.&nbsp;

The region’s high altitude, sparse atmosphere and perennially arid climate are hostile to humans but is an excellent spot for infrared telescopes like TAO. The observational accuracies of infrared telescopes depend a lot on low moisture levels, which render Earth’s atmosphere transparent in infrared wavelengths.&nbsp;

<h2>Construction was a political challenge&nbsp;</h2>

Constructing the telescope on the summit of Mt. Chajnantor "was an incredible challenge, not just technically, but politically too," Yuzuru Yoshii, a professor at the University of Tokyo in Japan who spearheaded TAO since 1998, said in a statement.&nbsp;

"I have liaised with Indigenous peoples to ensure their rights and views are considered, the Chilean government to secure permission, local universities for technical collaboration, and even the Chilean Health Ministry to make sure people can work at that altitude in a safe manner."

Also Read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/chaos-on-sun-dazzles-mars-with-invisible-auroras-717353">Chaos on Sun dazzles Mars with invisible Auroras</a>

"Thanks to all involved, research I've only ever dreamed about can soon become a reality, and I couldn't be happier," he added.

<h2>Specifications</h2>

The TAO’s telescope is 6.5 metres in length and consists of two science instruments designed to observe the universe in infrared, which is electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength longer than visible light but shorter than microwaves.&nbsp;

One of the instruments, SWIMS, will image galaxies from the very early universe to understand how they coalesced out of pristine dust and gas, a process whose specifics remain murky despite decades of research.&nbsp;

The second, named MIMIZUKU, will aid the overarching science goal by studying primordial disks of dust within which stars and galaxies are known to form, according to the mission plan.

Also Read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/melting-ice-burning-skin-antarctic-wildlife-is-getting-sunburnt-scientists-warn-717361">Melting ice, burning skin: Antarctic wildlife is getting sunburnt, scientists warn</a>

"The better astronomical observations of the real thing can be, the more accurately we can reproduce what we see with our experiments on Earth," Riko Senoo, a graduate student at the University of Tokyo and a TAO researcher, said in the statement.

The observatory has been discussed for the past 26 years, but the on-site work began only in 2006 when the first access road to Mt. Chajnantor's summit was paved and a weather monitor was installed soon after.

(With inputs from agencies)

Good news for all astronomy enthusiasts! The world’s highest astronomical observatory at 5,640 metres (18,500 feet) above sea level is now open in the Atacama Desert.

Good news for all astronomy enthusiasts! The world’s highest astronomical observatory at 5,640 metres (18,500 feet) above sea level is now open in the Atacama Desert. Any stargazer who has camped on a mountainside is aware of how much clearer the stars look from there, now imagine observing the starry world from the highest point in the world. The University of Tokyo Atacama Observatory (TAO) is now built and fully operational, sitting on the summit of a mountain in the Atacama Desert. It is now the world’s highest location with a ground-based telescope that will give astronomers an infrared view of the universe. Also Read | 'Wall of Death' workout can keep astronauts fit on the Moon. Here's how it works But constructing this observatory at a peak of 5,640 metres was not an easy task, and took 26 years to come out in its present form. The TAO was first conceptualised 26 years ago to study the evolution of galaxies and exoplanets. Location of the observatory Speaking of the exact location, TAO is located on the summit of Atacama’s Cerro Chajnantor mountain that also has a significant meaning. Cerro Chajnantor means “place of departure” in the now-extinct Kunza language of the indigenous Likan Antai community. The region’s high altitude, sparse atmosphere and perennially arid climate are hostile to humans but is an excellent spot for infrared telescopes like TAO. The observational accuracies of infrared telescopes depend a lot on low moisture levels, which render Earth’s atmosphere transparent in infrared wavelengths. Construction was a political challenge Constructing the telescope on the summit of Mt. Chajnantor "was an incredible challenge, not just technically, but politically too," Yuzuru Yoshii, a professor at the University of Tokyo in Japan who spearheaded TAO since 1998, said in a statement. "I have liaised with Indigenous peoples to ensure their rights and views are considered, the Chilean government to secure permission, local universities for technical collaboration, and even the Chilean Health Ministry to make sure people can work at that altitude in a safe manner." Also Read | Chaos on Sun dazzles Mars with invisible Auroras "Thanks to all involved, research I've only ever dreamed about can soon become a reality, and I couldn't be happier," he added. Specifications The TAO’s telescope is 6.5 metres in length and consists of two science instruments designed to observe the universe in infrared, which is electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength longer than visible light but shorter than microwaves. One of the instruments, SWIMS, will image galaxies from the very early universe to understand how they coalesced out of pristine dust and gas, a process whose specifics remain murky despite decades of research. The second, named MIMIZUKU, will aid the overarching science goal by studying primordial disks of dust within which stars and galaxies are known to form, according to the mission plan. Also Read | Melting ice, burning skin: Antarctic wildlife is getting sunburnt, scientists warn "The better astronomical observations of the real thing can be, the more accurately we can reproduce what we see with our experiments on Earth," Riko Senoo, a graduate student at the University of Tokyo and a TAO researcher, said in the statement. The observatory has been discussed for the past 26 years, but the on-site work began only in 2006 when the first access road to Mt. Chajnantor's summit was paved and a weather monitor was installed soon after. (With inputs from agencies)

Big! World's highest astronomical observatory is finally open and sits atop Chile's Andes Mountains

A new study has found that seals and penguins in Antarctica might&nbsp;get sunburnt&nbsp;easily because of a hole in the ozone layer. This hole, which usually stays over Antarctica for a few months, is hanging around for more than a year now. The research, published in Global Change Biology, worries Prof Sharon Robinson, who studies climate change at the University of Wollongong. She's concerned about the ongoing absence of this protective layer.

"When I tell people I work on the ozone hole, they go: 'oh, isn't that better now?'" she&nbsp;told the&nbsp;BBC.

The outlet also said that a big reason for the ozone layer getting thinner is the smoke from the massive Australian wildfires, which were started by bushfires.

Scientists first found the hole in the ozone layer over Antarctica in 1985, and they figured out that chemicals called chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) were causing it. In 1987, countries around the world agreed to stop using these chemicals, which led to the Montreal Protocol.

<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/ice-cores-show-quick-loss-of-antarctic-ice-8000-years-ago-688395">Also read |&nbsp;Ice cores show quick loss of Antarctic ice 8,000 years ago</a>

Even though the ozone layer started to get better, environmentalists worry because the hole keeps coming back every year over Antarctica, where the ozone layer is already very thin.

The size of the ozone hole varies throughout the year, expanding and shrinking as seasons and temperatures shift.

Normally, it starts opening up in August, reaches its widest point around October, and then closes by late November.

However, scientists have observed that it's staying open longer, extending into the Antarctic summer when wildlife is most at risk.

The increased ultraviolet radiation from the Sun heightens the chances of skin cancer and cataracts in humans, but it's still uncertain whether the same applies to animals like mammals and birds in Antarctica.

"But probably the biggest risk to the Antarctic animals is eye damage," said Professor Robinson.

<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/meteorites-hiding-in-ice-sheets-of-antarctic-may-disappear-amid-climate-warming-study-710110">Also read |&nbsp;Meteorites, hiding in ice sheets of Antarctic, may disappear amid climate warming: study</a>

<h2>The entire Antarctic ecosystem feels the change</h2>

The changes are also affecting the plants and animals in Antarctica. For example, krill, a type of small marine creature, is moving deeper into the ocean to avoid the harmful UV rays. This is affecting the food supply for seals, penguins, and other birds that rely on krill.

Scientists say that the ozone hole sticking around for longer is a warning sign. They suggest trying out experiments to cool down the climate and reduce the impact of climate change on Antarctica.

(With inputs from agencies)

&nbsp;

A new study has found that seals and penguins in Antarctica might get sunburnt easily because of a hole in the ozone layer. This hole, which usually stays over Antarctica for a few months, is hanging around for more than a year now.

A new study has found that seals and penguins in Antarctica might get sunburnt easily because of a hole in the ozone layer. This hole, which usually stays over Antarctica for a few months, is hanging around for more than a year now. The research, published in Global Change Biology, worries Prof Sharon Robinson, who studies climate change at the University of Wollongong. She's concerned about the ongoing absence of this protective layer. "When I tell people I work on the ozone hole, they go: 'oh, isn't that better now?'" she told the BBC. The outlet also said that a big reason for the ozone layer getting thinner is the smoke from the massive Australian wildfires, which were started by bushfires. Scientists first found the hole in the ozone layer over Antarctica in 1985, and they figured out that chemicals called chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) were causing it. In 1987, countries around the world agreed to stop using these chemicals, which led to the Montreal Protocol. Also read | Ice cores show quick loss of Antarctic ice 8,000 years ago Even though the ozone layer started to get better, environmentalists worry because the hole keeps coming back every year over Antarctica, where the ozone layer is already very thin. The size of the ozone hole varies throughout the year, expanding and shrinking as seasons and temperatures shift. Normally, it starts opening up in August, reaches its widest point around October, and then closes by late November. However, scientists have observed that it's staying open longer, extending into the Antarctic summer when wildlife is most at risk. The increased ultraviolet radiation from the Sun heightens the chances of skin cancer and cataracts in humans, but it's still uncertain whether the same applies to animals like mammals and birds in Antarctica. "But probably the biggest risk to the Antarctic animals is eye damage," said Professor Robinson. Also read | Meteorites, hiding in ice sheets of Antarctic, may disappear amid climate warming: study The entire Antarctic ecosystem feels the change The changes are also affecting the plants and animals in Antarctica. For example, krill, a type of small marine creature, is moving deeper into the ocean to avoid the harmful UV rays. This is affecting the food supply for seals, penguins, and other birds that rely on krill. Scientists say that the ozone hole sticking around for longer is a warning sign. They suggest trying out experiments to cool down the climate and reduce the impact of climate change on Antarctica. (With inputs from agencies)

Melting ice, burning skin: Antarctic wildlife is getting sunburnt, scientists warn

The dazzling green auroras are illuminating Earth's planetary neighbour Mars as well. According to the data collected by a NASA spacecraft, the invisible "global auroras" have been covering Mars frequently in the recent past.

This is linked to a stage called solar maximum, the peak in the sun's roughly 11-year solar cycle.

<h2>Mars and Auroras: What are they?</h2>

Mars is often bombarded with high energy radiation from the Sun. These rays from the Sun are&nbsp;in the form of solar energetic particles (SEPs). They penetrate the thin atmosphere of Mars and react with the molecules of hydrogen. As a result, the light, seen as Auroras is&nbsp;emitted.&nbsp;

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/bright-purple-and-green-lights-spotted-in-the-sky-are-not-auroras-but-steve-heres-what-they-are-664130">What's STEVE? After auroras, purple &amp; green lights in skies dazzle earthlings</a>

But notably, the auroras on Mars emit ultraviolet light instead of visible light. That is, unlike Earth, the auroras on Mars cannot be seen with the naked eye.

The Martian auroras are called the proton auroras.

<h2>How did NASA spot Auroras on Mars?</h2>

NASA's Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution (MAVEN) spacecraft has been orbiting the Red Planet since 2013.

It detected the first proton auroras on Mars in 2016.&nbsp;

But most of the auroras observed by MAVEN have been localised to specific regions. But once in a blue Moon, these invisible light shows cover an entire hemisphere that is facing the sun. Under this phenomenon, researchers call it a global aurora.

"Mars is experiencing its greatest level of auroral activity in the past 10 years," Nick Schneider, a planetary scientist at the University of Colorado Boulder and lead scientist of MAVEN's Imaging Ultraviolet Spectrograph instrument group, told Spaceweather.com.

Also watch |&nbsp;This study suggests ancient Mars was also hit by climate change

<div class="ui-state-default" contenteditable="false">
<div class="twitter-block" draggable="false">
<div class="videoWrapper trancodeVideo"><iframe allowfullscreen="" autoplay="1" class="includeVideo" frameborder="0" height="350" src="https://www.wionews.com/videos/this-study-suggests-ancient-mars-was-also-hit-by-climate-change-525004/embed" style="width:100%;max-width:560px;" width="560"></iframe></div>
</div>
<a class="close-mark close-div" href="#" id="jqclosemark">×</a></div>

"In February alone, there were three episodes of global auroras — an 'aurora hat trick' we have never seen before."

The global aurora events can last several days; the triple February auroras occurred on Feb. 3-4, Feb. 7-10 and Feb. 15-16, Live Science reported.&nbsp;

Mars is not the only planet other than Earth to have auroras. Other light shows have been spotted on Mercury, Jupiter, Saturn and Uranus, according to Space.com. Scientists have also spotted aurora-like phenomena on the Sun for the first time.

(With inputs from agencies)

The dazzling green auroras are illuminating Earth's planetary neighbour Mars as well. According to the data collected by a NASA spacecraft, the invisible "global auroras" have been covering Mars frequently in the recent past.

The dazzling green auroras are illuminating Earth's planetary neighbour Mars as well. According to the data collected by a NASA spacecraft, the invisible "global auroras" have been covering Mars frequently in the recent past. This is linked to a stage called solar maximum, the peak in the sun's roughly 11-year solar cycle. Mars and Auroras: What are they? Mars is often bombarded with high energy radiation from the Sun. These rays from the Sun are in the form of solar energetic particles (SEPs). They penetrate the thin atmosphere of Mars and react with the molecules of hydrogen. As a result, the light, seen as Auroras is emitted. Also read | What's STEVE? After auroras, purple & green lights in skies dazzle earthlings But notably, the auroras on Mars emit ultraviolet light instead of visible light. That is, unlike Earth, the auroras on Mars cannot be seen with the naked eye. The Martian auroras are called the proton auroras. How did NASA spot Auroras on Mars? NASA's Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution (MAVEN) spacecraft has been orbiting the Red Planet since 2013. It detected the first proton auroras on Mars in 2016. But most of the auroras observed by MAVEN have been localised to specific regions. But once in a blue Moon, these invisible light shows cover an entire hemisphere that is facing the sun. Under this phenomenon, researchers call it a global aurora. "Mars is experiencing its greatest level of auroral activity in the past 10 years," Nick Schneider, a planetary scientist at the University of Colorado Boulder and lead scientist of MAVEN's Imaging Ultraviolet Spectrograph instrument group, told Spaceweather.com. Also watch | This study suggests ancient Mars was also hit by climate change × "In February alone, there were three episodes of global auroras — an 'aurora hat trick' we have never seen before." The global aurora events can last several days; the triple February auroras occurred on Feb. 3-4, Feb. 7-10 and Feb. 15-16, Live Science reported. Mars is not the only planet other than Earth to have auroras. Other light shows have been spotted on Mercury, Jupiter, Saturn and Uranus, according to Space.com. Scientists have also spotted aurora-like phenomena on the Sun for the first time. (With inputs from agencies)

Chaos on Sun dazzles Mars with invisible Auroras

Boeing Starliner's debut crew, Sunita Williams and Barry Butch Wilmore are super excited for their liftoff.

While talking to the reporters on Wednesday (May 1), the astronauts said that their test pilot experience with the US Navy will help them assess the spacecraft during its debut crewed launch.&nbsp;

The liftoff is set for Monday (May 6) at 10:34 p.m. EDT (0234 GMT May 7), and the event will be live-streamed via NASA Television.

Also read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/boeing-aim-may-6th-for-first-starliner-astronaut-mission-715135">Sunita Williams set to pilot Starliner spacecraft for her first trip to ISS in 12 years</a>

Wilmore and Williams, both ex-Navy test pilots, aim to dock at the space station on May 8th. If their mission goes well, they'll return to Earth around May 15.

"It almost feels unreal," said Williams, who will be the mission pilot. The discussion was conducted remotely because both Williams and Wilmore are currently quarantining for the impending journey.

Notably, its historic liftoff will mount both the astronauts atop the United Launch Alliance (ULA) Atlas V rocket — another first for humans.&nbsp;

Sunita Williams is going to the International Space Station after 12 years. Williams boasts a seasoned career with two previous space missions under her belt — Expeditions 14/15 and 32/33.

<h2>About the&nbsp;Starliner mission</h2>

A successful mission paves the way for regular Starliner crew rotations starting in 2025, with launches alternating between Boeing's Starliner and SpaceX's Crew Dragon. This would provide NASA with a robust two-company system for ferrying astronauts to the station.

Since the beginning, NASA's plan was to have both SpaceX and Boeing operational. This means their Crew Dragon and Starliner capsules would act as backups for each other. In case of technical problems or delays with one spacecraft, astronauts could still launch on the other. This two-capsule system provides redundancy and ensures a more reliable path to space for NASA's crews.

Also read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/spiders-on-mars-esas-mars-express-captures-unique-phenomenon-on-the-red-planet-714917">Spiders on Mars? European mission captures weird black spots near Inca City</a>

NASA at first did not envision that SpaceX’s Crew Dragon would function on its own for nearly four years before Boeing’s Starliner reached its first crewed test flight.

Earlier in 2014, when NASA awarded contracts to SpaceX and Boeing, the space agency initially leaned towards Boeing as it has been a trusted partner since the mid-20th century. However, SpaceX on the other hand, was a young and ambitious company, seen by some at NASA as a bit of a gamble.

(With inputs from agencies)

Boeing Starliner's debut crew, Sunita Williams and Barry Butch Wilmore are super excited for their liftoff. While talking to the reporters on Wednesday (May 1), the astronauts said that their test pilot experience with the US Navy will help them assess the spacecraft during its debut crewed launch.

Boeing Starliner's debut crew, Sunita Williams and Barry Butch Wilmore are super excited for their liftoff. While talking to the reporters on Wednesday (May 1), the astronauts said that their test pilot experience with the US Navy will help them assess the spacecraft during its debut crewed launch. The liftoff is set for Monday (May 6) at 10:34 p.m. EDT (0234 GMT May 7), and the event will be live-streamed via NASA Television. Also read: Sunita Williams set to pilot Starliner spacecraft for her first trip to ISS in 12 years Wilmore and Williams, both ex-Navy test pilots, aim to dock at the space station on May 8th. If their mission goes well, they'll return to Earth around May 15. "It almost feels unreal," said Williams, who will be the mission pilot. The discussion was conducted remotely because both Williams and Wilmore are currently quarantining for the impending journey. Notably, its historic liftoff will mount both the astronauts atop the United Launch Alliance (ULA) Atlas V rocket — another first for humans. Sunita Williams is going to the International Space Station after 12 years. Williams boasts a seasoned career with two previous space missions under her belt — Expeditions 14/15 and 32/33. About the Starliner mission A successful mission paves the way for regular Starliner crew rotations starting in 2025, with launches alternating between Boeing's Starliner and SpaceX's Crew Dragon. This would provide NASA with a robust two-company system for ferrying astronauts to the station. Since the beginning, NASA's plan was to have both SpaceX and Boeing operational. This means their Crew Dragon and Starliner capsules would act as backups for each other. In case of technical problems or delays with one spacecraft, astronauts could still launch on the other. This two-capsule system provides redundancy and ensures a more reliable path to space for NASA's crews. Also read: Spiders on Mars? European mission captures weird black spots near Inca City NASA at first did not envision that SpaceX’s Crew Dragon would function on its own for nearly four years before Boeing’s Starliner reached its first crewed test flight. Earlier in 2014, when NASA awarded contracts to SpaceX and Boeing, the space agency initially leaned towards Boeing as it has been a trusted partner since the mid-20th century. However, SpaceX on the other hand, was a young and ambitious company, seen by some at NASA as a bit of a gamble. (With inputs from agencies)

Sunita Williams excited for first-ever human launch of Boeing Starliner

As humanity looks to establish a long-term presence on the moon, several attempts are being made to explore the Lunar South polar region, which is believed to hold vast reserves of water ice.

As humanity looks to establish a long-term presence on the moon, several attempts are being made to explore the Lunar South polar region, which is believed to hold vast reserves of water ice. Water ice is crucial - for sustaining life and for use as cryogenic rocket fuel (a combination of supercooled liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen). This is why India's Chandrayaan-3 and the American private lander Odysseus landed in the south polar region. Several upcoming missions are also aimed at exploring this mysterious south-polar region, which could offer insights into the origins of the moon. However, the latest international study says that "the extent of water ice in the northern polar region is twice that in the southern polar region". Also read: Scientists have discovered evidence of human activity altering deep subsurface of Earth Conducted by the scientists of Space Applications Centre (SAC), ISRO, in collaboration with researchers at IIT Kanpur, University of Southern California, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, and IIT (ISM) Dhanbad, the study reveals evidence for enhanced possibility of water ice occurrence in the polar craters of the Moon. It suggests that the amount of subsurface ice in the first couple of metres is about five to eight times more than the that on the surface at both poles. Therefore, extracting lunar water ice would require considerable drilling, as the ice is likely to be buried beneath the lunar surface. Regarding the possible origin of this lunar water ice, the study shared by ISRO said, "It confirms the hypothesis that the primary source of subsurface water ice in the lunar poles is outgassing (gases coming from deep within the moon) during volcanism in the Imbrian period (3,800 to 3,850 million years ago)". Also read: Scientists forewarn timing of 'triple whammy extinction' that will eradicate all life from Earth As part of this study, the research team used seven instruments comprising radar, laser, optical, neutron spectrometer, ultra-violet spectrometer, and thermal radiometer onboard the NASA Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter to understand the origin and distribution of water ice on the Moon. Accurate knowledge of the distribution and depth of water ice occurrence in the lunar poles can help plan future lunar exploration missions and their lading sites accordingly. ISRO says that the latest international study also supports a previous study of SAC, ISRO pointing out the possibility of the presence of water ice in some of the polar craters, utilising polarimetric radar data from the Chandrayaan-2 Dual-frequency Synthetic Aperture Radar instrument. Based on the success of the Indian Chandrayaan-3 Lunar soft-landing, in-situ exploration and the Japanese Lunar soft-landing mission 'SLIM', the space agencies of both nations are working on a Lunar polar exploration mission (LUPEX), which is aimed at studying the lunar poles. Even the planned series of American Artemis crewed lunar missions and Chinese crewed lunar missions are hoping to make breakthroughs that enable a long-term human presence on the moon. Situated around 4 lakh kilometres away from the earth, as humanity's nearest celestial neighbour, the moon could potentially serve as an outpost in space from where mankind could undertake exploration missions into the further reaches of space.

Moon's north pole could have more water ice than south, says study

One of Norway’s Arctic islands recorded its first case of a walrus dying from bird flu, a researcher told news agency AFP&nbsp;on Monday (Apr 29). The walrus was found among six others on Hopen Island in the Svalbard archipelago&nbsp;last year.&nbsp;

<h2>What we know about the case</h2>

Christian Lydersen, of the Norwegian Polar Institute, told AFP that around six dead walrus were found last year in the Svalbard islands which are around 1,000 kilometres away from the North Pole. The islands are also halfway between mainland Norway and the North Pole.&nbsp;

Also Read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/hospital-toilets-may-harbour-drug-resistant-superbugs-posing-risk-to-patients-says-study-716666">Hospital toilets may harbour drug-resistant superbugs, posing risk to patients, says study</a>

“It is the first time that bird flu has been recorded in a walrus,” said Lydersen, as quoted by the news agency. The conclusion was reached after tests were carried out at a German laboratory which found traces of the bird flu virus.&nbsp;

However, Lydersen said that the sample was too small to determine whether it was the H5N1 or the H5N8 strain. The researcher also noted that it is “not improbable” that some of the walruses found also had bird flu.&nbsp;

<h2>‘Important to monitor developments’</h2>

The case has raised concerns among researchers. Lydersen said that it is important to monitor developments as walruses tend to group together during summer when the ice flow melts.

Notably, while bird flu primarily spreads through avian hosts like ducks and geese, mammals have also been infected due to the consumption of infected birds and living close to other animals.&nbsp;

A walrus which can grow to a weight of two tonnes mainly eats fish, but sometimes also consumes marine birds.&nbsp;

Frank Wong, a molecular microbiologist at the CSIRO Australian Animal Health Laboratory reportedly raised concerns about the threat posed by the transmission of bird flu to marine mammals.&nbsp;

Also Read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/scientists-study-the-reproductive-strategy-of-alpacas-which-directly-inseminate-uterus-716783">Scientists study the reproductive strategy of alpacas, which directly inseminate uterus</a>

He noted that animals such as sea lions and fur seals have previously fallen victim to the disease.&nbsp;

There is also the risk of a polar bear eating an infected walrus corpse. The report by AFP citing American officials said that bird flu has already killed one polar bear in Alaska.&nbsp;

According to Antarctic researchers, thousands of marine mammals have died from bird flu viruses in South America.

(With inputs from agencies) 
&nbsp;

One of Norway’s Arctic islands recorded its first case of a walrus dying from bird flu, a researcher told news agency AFP on Monday (Apr 29). The walrus was found among six others on Hopen Island in the Svalbard archipelago last year.

One of Norway’s Arctic islands recorded its first case of a walrus dying from bird flu, a researcher told news agency AFP on Monday (Apr 29). The walrus was found among six others on Hopen Island in the Svalbard archipelago last year. What we know about the case Christian Lydersen, of the Norwegian Polar Institute, told AFP that around six dead walrus were found last year in the Svalbard islands which are around 1,000 kilometres away from the North Pole. The islands are also halfway between mainland Norway and the North Pole. Also Read | Hospital toilets may harbour drug-resistant superbugs, posing risk to patients, says study “It is the first time that bird flu has been recorded in a walrus,” said Lydersen, as quoted by the news agency. The conclusion was reached after tests were carried out at a German laboratory which found traces of the bird flu virus. However, Lydersen said that the sample was too small to determine whether it was the H5N1 or the H5N8 strain. The researcher also noted that it is “not improbable” that some of the walruses found also had bird flu. ‘Important to monitor developments’ The case has raised concerns among researchers. Lydersen said that it is important to monitor developments as walruses tend to group together during summer when the ice flow melts. Notably, while bird flu primarily spreads through avian hosts like ducks and geese, mammals have also been infected due to the consumption of infected birds and living close to other animals. A walrus which can grow to a weight of two tonnes mainly eats fish, but sometimes also consumes marine birds. Frank Wong, a molecular microbiologist at the CSIRO Australian Animal Health Laboratory reportedly raised concerns about the threat posed by the transmission of bird flu to marine mammals. Also Read | Scientists study the reproductive strategy of alpacas, which directly inseminate uterus He noted that animals such as sea lions and fur seals have previously fallen victim to the disease. There is also the risk of a polar bear eating an infected walrus corpse. The report by AFP citing American officials said that bird flu has already killed one polar bear in Alaska. According to Antarctic researchers, thousands of marine mammals have died from bird flu viruses in South America. (With inputs from agencies)

First case of Walrus dying from bird flu recorded on Arctic island: Researcher

Human activity might have changed the deep subsurface of Earth, a zone located hundreds of metres to several kilometres under the surface. According to a study published in Earth's Future, the motion of fluids in the subsurface is much higher under human activity than in natural circulation.

Human activity might have changed the deep subsurface of Earth, a zone located hundreds of metres to several kilometres under the surface. According to a study published in Earth's Future, the motion of fluids in the subsurface is much higher under human activity than in natural circulation. However, it is currently unclear what the impacts of these changes might be. The researchers looked at the extraction of fossil fuels, such as oil and gas, and their replacement underground using salt water. They do it to maintain the pressure in the reservoir. Often, water is already present in these reservoirs, which has remained untouched for millions of years. Adding new water alters the composition and its movement in the subsurface. Another aspect of this process is hydraulic fracturing, also known as fracking, which involves the extraction of oil and gas, not from reservoirs but from deep rock formations. However, breaking the rocks leads to quakes in regions that are not seismically active. It also introduces water and bacteria to the environments underneath. Professor Jennifer McIntosh, the senior study author from the University of Arizona, told IFLScience, "We looked at how the rates of fluid production with oil and gas compared to natural background circulation of water and showed how humans have made a big impact on the circulation of fluids in the subsurface." ALSO READ | Scientists forewarn timing of 'triple whammy extinction' that will eradicate all life from Earth Professor Grant Ferguson, the study's lead author, said, "The deep subsurface is out of sight and out of mind for most people, and we thought it was important to provide some context to these proposed activities, especially our environmental impacts." Many uncertainties surrounding the subsurface raise concerns about potential solutions to the climate crisis. One solution involves storing carbon dioxide underground. However, this method requires burying the carbon dioxide beneath the Earth's surface. Lithium extraction for batteries also poses a challenge as it requires injecting a large amount of water into the subsurface. Furthermore, geothermal energy as a clean source of electricity could also impact the subsurface. Thus, it is essential to understand what is happening beneath our feet. "We need to use the deep subsurface as part of the solution for the climate crisis. Yet, we know more about the surface of Mars than we do about water, rocks and life deep beneath our feet," McIntosh said. (With inputs from agencies)

Scientists discover evidence of human activity altering deep subsurface of Earth

Science has finally confirmed that time does slow way down when you’re inside the gym. But it’s not the monotony or the person on the next exercise machine who won’t stop talking on the phone.

Participants in a small study completed stationary bike trials. They then tried to estimate the passage of 30 seconds. Interestingly, on average, participants thought 30 seconds had passed when only 27 seconds had actually passed. This translates to feeling 8-9% faster than real time, making the clock seem to tick slower during their workout.

This effect raises a lot of interesting research questions about what’s going on. This particular study focuses on people’s insights and psychological explanations, but the human body goes through a multitude of physical changes during exercise.&nbsp;

Also read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/scientists-forewarn-timing-of-triple-whammy-extinction-that-will-eradicate-humankind-716974">Scientists forewarn timing of 'triple whammy extinction' that will eradicate all life from Earth</a>

To test time perception during exercise, researchers tested 33 participants who cycled 4,000 metres on a stationary bike. Throughout the ride, they estimated the passage of 30 seconds at various points: before starting, during different milestones, and after finishing.

The study included solo rides, paced rides against a virtual opponent, and competitive races. While participants reported their exertion levels, specific speeds were only required in the competitive scenario.

The details of the results were quite surprising, “There was no difference between exercise conditions or time points (500 m, 1500 m, and 2500 m).” That means the appearance of a competitor, and any extra effort toward beating them, didn’t change the participant’s perception of time; nor did the steady increase of perceived effort during the entire trial.

The study was small with just 33 participants being included in it, but the research team says a number of their method details and findings are novel, meaning without precedent in the existing research.&nbsp;

This new study, published in the peer-reviewed journal Brain and Behavior, explores the psychology of exercise and its impact on time perception.&nbsp;

Also read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/fastest-spinning-asteroid-recently-hit-earths-atmosphere-and-crashed-in-berlin-716624">Fastest-spinning asteroid&nbsp;recently hit Earth’s atmosphere and crashed in Berlin</a>

The researchers, hailing from both the Netherlands and England, found that even competitive scenarios didn't significantly alter the perception of time during exercise. This suggests athletes might need alternative strategies beyond competition to stay engaged and combat boredom during workouts.

“More work has to be done to further unravel the role of external stimuli, exercise intensity, and duration on the perception of time during exercise,” the researchers conclude.

(With inputs from agencies)

Science has finally confirmed that time does slow way down when you’re inside the gym. But it’s not the monotony or the person on the next exercise machine who won’t stop talking on the phone.

Science has finally confirmed that time does slow way down when you’re inside the gym. But it’s not the monotony or the person on the next exercise machine who won’t stop talking on the phone. Participants in a small study completed stationary bike trials. They then tried to estimate the passage of 30 seconds. Interestingly, on average, participants thought 30 seconds had passed when only 27 seconds had actually passed. This translates to feeling 8-9% faster than real time, making the clock seem to tick slower during their workout. This effect raises a lot of interesting research questions about what’s going on. This particular study focuses on people’s insights and psychological explanations, but the human body goes through a multitude of physical changes during exercise. Also read: Scientists forewarn timing of 'triple whammy extinction' that will eradicate all life from Earth To test time perception during exercise, researchers tested 33 participants who cycled 4,000 metres on a stationary bike. Throughout the ride, they estimated the passage of 30 seconds at various points: before starting, during different milestones, and after finishing. The study included solo rides, paced rides against a virtual opponent, and competitive races. While participants reported their exertion levels, specific speeds were only required in the competitive scenario. The details of the results were quite surprising, “There was no difference between exercise conditions or time points (500 m, 1500 m, and 2500 m).” That means the appearance of a competitor, and any extra effort toward beating them, didn’t change the participant’s perception of time; nor did the steady increase of perceived effort during the entire trial. The study was small with just 33 participants being included in it, but the research team says a number of their method details and findings are novel, meaning without precedent in the existing research. This new study, published in the peer-reviewed journal Brain and Behavior, explores the psychology of exercise and its impact on time perception. Also read: Fastest-spinning asteroid recently hit Earth’s atmosphere and crashed in Berlin The researchers, hailing from both the Netherlands and England, found that even competitive scenarios didn't significantly alter the perception of time during exercise. This suggests athletes might need alternative strategies beyond competition to stay engaged and combat boredom during workouts. “More work has to be done to further unravel the role of external stimuli, exercise intensity, and duration on the perception of time during exercise,” the researchers conclude. (With inputs from agencies)

Exercise makes minutes seem shorter by 9%, says study

science

Science, News on Science, stories on Science, articles on Science, Science stories at Wion, Science news, Science latest news