With more recent research drilling down on the precise relationship between temperature and crime rates, criminologists in the United States believe that gun violence in the country spikes during warm weather.

Highlighting the common sense as well as potentially less obvious mechanisms at play, David Hemenway, a professor of health policy at the Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, told AFP, "It's hard to shoot somebody if there's nobody around."

While there are many causes behind the rising tide of gun violence in the United States, a controversial idea is that hot weather might rev up conflict.

Hemenway, who co-wrote a paper in Injury Epidemiology, used reports from the Chicago Tribune to get the number of shootings per day and then matched those against daily high temperature, humidity, wind speed, the difference in temperature from historical average, and precipitation type and amount.

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According to this report that examined the city of Chicago between 2012 and 2016, a 10-degree Celsius higher temperature was significantly associated with 34 percent more shootings on weekdays, and 42 percent more shootings on weekends or holidays.&nbsp;

"In the winter, there were more shootings on those days which wouldn't have been hot in the summer but were warm for winter," Hemenway said.

According to Hemenway, "It's sort of a harm reduction. But even if this wasn't a gun problem, I suspect we would find the same thing if we had evidence about fights and assaults. What the guns do is make hostile interactions more deadly."

Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/texas-mass-shooting-victims-parents-uvalde-school-survivor-sue-gunmaker-485042" hreflang="en">Texas mass shooting: Victim’s parents, Uvalde school survivor sue gunmaker</a>

Leah Schinasi of Drexel University-led research on another paper that looked at violent crime in Philadelphia and was published in the Journal of Urban Health in 2017.

Schinasi told AFP, "I live in Philadelphia, and I remember biking home from work on a very hot day and observing how cranky everyone seemed. I was interested to see if this observation translated to higher rates of crime on hot days."

Violent crimes happened more often in the warmer months, May through September, according to Schinasi and the study's co-author Ghassan Hamra.

In comparison, daily rates of violent crime reduced substantially in the colder months, October through April.

According to the Gun Violence Archive, a non-profit research group, over 18,000 people have died from gun violence in the United States in 2022, including homicide and suicide.

(With inputs from agencies)

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With more recent research drilling down on the precise relationship between temperature and crime rates, criminologists in the United States believe that gun violence in the country spikes during warm weather.

With more recent research drilling down on the precise relationship between temperature and crime rates, criminologists in the United States believe that gun violence in the country spikes during warm weather. Highlighting the common sense as well as potentially less obvious mechanisms at play, David Hemenway, a professor of health policy at the Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, told AFP, "It's hard to shoot somebody if there's nobody around." While there are many causes behind the rising tide of gun violence in the United States, a controversial idea is that hot weather might rev up conflict. Hemenway, who co-wrote a paper in Injury Epidemiology, used reports from the Chicago Tribune to get the number of shootings per day and then matched those against daily high temperature, humidity, wind speed, the difference in temperature from historical average, and precipitation type and amount. According to this report that examined the city of Chicago between 2012 and 2016, a 10-degree Celsius higher temperature was significantly associated with 34 percent more shootings on weekdays, and 42 percent more shootings on weekends or holidays. "In the winter, there were more shootings on those days which wouldn't have been hot in the summer but were warm for winter," Hemenway said. According to Hemenway, "It's sort of a harm reduction. But even if this wasn't a gun problem, I suspect we would find the same thing if we had evidence about fights and assaults. What the guns do is make hostile interactions more deadly." Also read | Texas mass shooting: Victim’s parents, Uvalde school survivor sue gunmaker Leah Schinasi of Drexel University-led research on another paper that looked at violent crime in Philadelphia and was published in the Journal of Urban Health in 2017. Schinasi told AFP, "I live in Philadelphia, and I remember biking home from work on a very hot day and observing how cranky everyone seemed. I was interested to see if this observation translated to higher rates of crime on hot days." Violent crimes happened more often in the warmer months, May through September, according to Schinasi and the study's co-author Ghassan Hamra. In comparison, daily rates of violent crime reduced substantially in the colder months, October through April. According to the Gun Violence Archive, a non-profit research group, over 18,000 people have died from gun violence in the United States in 2022, including homicide and suicide. (With inputs from agencies) Watch WION's live TV here:

From Texas massacre to Tulsa shooting: Why US gun violence spikes in warm weather

A judge in the United States has asked the Air Force to pay $230 million as compensation to the survivors of the deadliest mass shooting in Texas.

“The losses and pain these families have experienced is immeasurable,” said US District Judge Xavier Rodriguez.

He accused the US government of trying to obfuscate its responsibility” for a mass shooting in a church perpetrated by an ex-airman.

<a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/texas-church-shooting-witness-he-wouldnt-stop-23629">Also read |&nbsp;Texas church shooting witness: 'He wouldn't stop'</a>

26 people were killed in a massacre by former Air Force airman Devin Patrick Kelley at the First Baptist Church in Sutherland Springs, Texas.

Kelley, whom the judge found 40 per cent&nbsp;responsible, used firearms he should not have been allowed to buy after admitting in a 2012 court-martial to domestic assault.&nbsp;

He was a convicted felon, had a history of domestic abuse and mental health problems. He later died of a self-inflicted gunshot to the head following a police chase.

The Air Force had failed to enter that plea in a database used for background checks.

<a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/texas-church-shooter-had-assault-rifle-wore-ballistic-vest-official-23560">Also read |&nbsp;Texas church shooter was dressed all in black, had assault rifle</a>

"The Court concluded that the Government failed to exercise reasonable care in its undertaking to submit Kelley's criminal history to the FBI and that the Government was 60 percent responsible for the Plaintiffs' injuries," the ruling read.

Families of the victims and survivors had sued the US government claiming it could have prevented the gunman from legally acquiring firearms.

In December 2018, a government report said the Air Force had missed six chances to alert law enforcement about Kelley's history of domestic abuse.

(With inputs from agencies)

A judge in the United States has asked the Air Force to pay $230 million as compensation to the survivors of the deadliest mass shooting in Texas. “The losses and pain these families have experienced is immeasurable,” said US District Judge Xavier Rodriguez.

A judge in the United States has asked the Air Force to pay $230 million as compensation to the survivors of the deadliest mass shooting in Texas. “The losses and pain these families have experienced is immeasurable,” said US District Judge Xavier Rodriguez. He accused the US government of trying to obfuscate its responsibility” for a mass shooting in a church perpetrated by an ex-airman. Also read | Texas church shooting witness: 'He wouldn't stop' 26 people were killed in a massacre by former Air Force airman Devin Patrick Kelley at the First Baptist Church in Sutherland Springs, Texas. Kelley, whom the judge found 40 per cent responsible, used firearms he should not have been allowed to buy after admitting in a 2012 court-martial to domestic assault. He was a convicted felon, had a history of domestic abuse and mental health problems. He later died of a self-inflicted gunshot to the head following a police chase. The Air Force had failed to enter that plea in a database used for background checks. Also read | Texas church shooter was dressed all in black, had assault rifle "The Court concluded that the Government failed to exercise reasonable care in its undertaking to submit Kelley's criminal history to the FBI and that the Government was 60 percent responsible for the Plaintiffs' injuries," the ruling read. Families of the victims and survivors had sued the US government claiming it could have prevented the gunman from legally acquiring firearms. In December 2018, a government report said the Air Force had missed six chances to alert law enforcement about Kelley's history of domestic abuse. (With inputs from agencies)

Survivors of deadliest mass shooting in Texas to be paid $230 million by US Air Force

The 21-year-old Texan who killed <a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/police-investigating-texas-shooting-as-possible-hate-crime-chief-240518">22 people in an El Paso Walmart</a> told police following his arrest that he was targeting "Mexicans," according to an arrest warrant published Friday by US media.

The document charging Patrick Crusius, of Allen, Texas, with murder also described the circumstances of his arrest, saying he stepped out of his vehicle when surrounded by police, put his hands up and said "I'm the shooter."

At police headquarters, Crusius waived his right to remain silent or have a lawyer present and told detectives that "his target (was) 'Mexicans,'" according to the document, obtained by The Washington Post and others.

Prior to carrying out the attack Saturday, Crusius published a white supremacist manifesto online which expressed fears of a "Hispanic invasion" of Texas.

Eight of the people killed in the rampage were Mexican nationals and many of the other victims were Americans of Hispanic origin.

In the manifesto, Crusius claimed he was "defending" the United States "from cultural and ethnic replacement brought on by an invasion" and made references to the Christchurch shootings in New Zealand, where a white gunman killed 51 worshippers at two mosques in March.

El Paso is about a nine-hour drive from Allen, where Crusius lived, and he apparently deliberately selected the city because of its heavily Hispanic population.

El Paso lies on the Rio Grande River which marks the US border with Mexico. It has a population of 680,000, of which 83 percent are of Hispanic descent.

The 21-year-old Texan who killed 22 people in an El Paso Walmart told police following his arrest that he was targeting "Mexicans," according to an arrest warrant published Friday by US media.

The 21-year-old Texan who killed 22 people in an El Paso Walmart told police following his arrest that he was targeting "Mexicans," according to an arrest warrant published Friday by US media. The document charging Patrick Crusius, of Allen, Texas, with murder also described the circumstances of his arrest, saying he stepped out of his vehicle when surrounded by police, put his hands up and said "I'm the shooter." At police headquarters, Crusius waived his right to remain silent or have a lawyer present and told detectives that "his target (was) 'Mexicans,'" according to the document, obtained by The Washington Post and others. Prior to carrying out the attack Saturday, Crusius published a white supremacist manifesto online which expressed fears of a "Hispanic invasion" of Texas. Eight of the people killed in the rampage were Mexican nationals and many of the other victims were Americans of Hispanic origin. In the manifesto, Crusius claimed he was "defending" the United States "from cultural and ethnic replacement brought on by an invasion" and made references to the Christchurch shootings in New Zealand, where a white gunman killed 51 worshippers at two mosques in March. El Paso is about a nine-hour drive from Allen, where Crusius lived, and he apparently deliberately selected the city because of its heavily Hispanic population. El Paso lies on the Rio Grande River which marks the US border with Mexico. It has a population of 680,000, of which 83 percent are of Hispanic descent.

Shooter in Texas massacre said he was targeting 'Mexicans'

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From Texas massacre to Tulsa shooting: Why US gun violence spikes in warm weather

Survivors of deadliest mass shooting in Texas to be paid $230 million by US Air Force

Shooter in Texas massacre said he was targeting 'Mexicans'