A worm, which was frozen 46,000 years ago when woolly mammoths, sabre-toothed tigers and giant elks were found on the Earth, has been revived by scientists. 
 
The roundworm, which is of a previously unknown species, was in a dormant state, called cryptobiosis, 40 meters (131.2 feet) below the surface in the Siberian permafrost, according to professor emeritus at the Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics in Dresden as well as a scientist involved in the research. 
 
Organisms, when in a cryptobiotic state, are able to endure the complete absence of water or oxygen and survive high or freezing temperatures as well as extremely salty conditions. Kurzchalia explained that the organisms remain in a state “between death and life,” in which there is a decrease in their metabolic rates to an undetectable level.

ALSO READ |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/vietnamese-woman-found-worms-crawling-under-her-skin-after-consuming-blood-pudding-pictures-surface-582145">Vietnamese woman found worms crawling under skin after consuming blood pudding; pictures surface</a>

“One can halt life and then start it from the beginning. This a major finding,” he stated, further adding that other organisms, who were earlier revived from this state, had survived for decades rather than millennia.

<h2>Worms discovered five years ago in&nbsp;Siberian permafrost</h2>

Scientists from the Institute of Physicochemical and Biological Problems in Soil Science in Russia five years ago discovered two roundworm species in the Siberian permafrost. 
 
Researcher Anastasia Shatilovich was able to revive two of the worms at the institute by simply rehydrating them with water and then took around 100 worms for further analysis to labs in Germany by transporting them in her pocket. 
 
Researchers further discovered that P. kolymaenis shared “a molecular toolkit” with C. Elegans, which is another organism often used in scientific studies which could allow it to survive cryptobiosis.

Watch:&nbsp;

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The two organisms produce a sugar called trehalose which is likely to enable them to endure freezing and dehydration. 
 
“To see that the same biochemical pathway is used in a species which is 200, 300 million years away, that’s really striking,” stated Philipp Schiffer, research group leader of the Institute of Zoology at the University of Cologne. “It means that some processes in evolution are deeply conserved,” he added. 
 
Schiffer added that there are actionable insights which the experts can glean by studying these organisms. “By looking at and analysing these animals, we can maybe inform conservation biology, or maybe even develop efforts to protect other species, or at least learn what to do to protect them in these extreme conditions that we have now,” he said to CNN.

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A worm, which was frozen 46,000 years ago when woolly mammoths, sabre-toothed tigers and giant elks were found on the Earth, has been revived by scientists. The roundworm, which is of a previously unknown species, was in a dormant state, called cryptobiosis, 40 meters (131.

A worm, which was frozen 46,000 years ago when woolly mammoths, sabre-toothed tigers and giant elks were found on the Earth, has been revived by scientists. The roundworm, which is of a previously unknown species, was in a dormant state, called cryptobiosis, 40 meters (131.2 feet) below the surface in the Siberian permafrost, according to professor emeritus at the Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics in Dresden as well as a scientist involved in the research. Organisms, when in a cryptobiotic state, are able to endure the complete absence of water or oxygen and survive high or freezing temperatures as well as extremely salty conditions. Kurzchalia explained that the organisms remain in a state “between death and life,” in which there is a decrease in their metabolic rates to an undetectable level. ALSO READ | Vietnamese woman found worms crawling under skin after consuming blood pudding; pictures surface “One can halt life and then start it from the beginning. This a major finding,” he stated, further adding that other organisms, who were earlier revived from this state, had survived for decades rather than millennia. Worms discovered five years ago in Siberian permafrost Scientists from the Institute of Physicochemical and Biological Problems in Soil Science in Russia five years ago discovered two roundworm species in the Siberian permafrost. Researcher Anastasia Shatilovich was able to revive two of the worms at the institute by simply rehydrating them with water and then took around 100 worms for further analysis to labs in Germany by transporting them in her pocket. Researchers further discovered that P. kolymaenis shared “a molecular toolkit” with C. Elegans, which is another organism often used in scientific studies which could allow it to survive cryptobiosis. Watch: The two organisms produce a sugar called trehalose which is likely to enable them to endure freezing and dehydration. “To see that the same biochemical pathway is used in a species which is 200, 300 million years away, that’s really striking,” stated Philipp Schiffer, research group leader of the Institute of Zoology at the University of Cologne. “It means that some processes in evolution are deeply conserved,” he added. Schiffer added that there are actionable insights which the experts can glean by studying these organisms. “By looking at and analysing these animals, we can maybe inform conservation biology, or maybe even develop efforts to protect other species, or at least learn what to do to protect them in these extreme conditions that we have now,” he said to CNN. You can now write for wionews.com and be a part of the community. Share your stories and opinions with us here. WATCH WION LIVE HERE

Scientists revive worm frozen for 46,000 years in Siberian permafrost

Russian scientists have unlocked the mysteries of the formation of&nbsp;massive holes&nbsp;in the north of Western Siberia, in the central part of the Yamal Peninsula.

The giant crater&nbsp;named C17 in the geoinformation system “The Arctic and the World Ocean”&nbsp;was created by the Oil and Gas Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences (OGRI RAS). It was&nbsp;formed in the period 15 May–9 June 2020.

It is characterised by minimal water flooding and the uniquely good preservation of a significant part of the arch and a cavity of the complex shape formed in the ground ice.

For the first time, as a result of aerial photography from inside the crater with a UAV, a 3D model of the crater and a giant cavity in the ground ice, formed during its thawing from below, was built. The crater's&nbsp;diameter was about 25 m.

Study author Igor Bogoyavlensky, of the Oil and Gas Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, said&nbsp;"Three times we got close to losing it, but succeeded in getting the data for the 3D model."

<section data-containers="36" data-eq-pts="xsmall: 0, medium: 460, large: 780, full16x9: 1100" data-eq-state="xsmall medium large" data-vr-zone="zone-1-0" data-zn-id="body-text" data-zone-label="bodyText" id="body-text">The accumulation of gas, the pressure rise and the development of gas-dynamic processes in the cavity led to the growth of the PHM, and the explosion and formation of the crater.</section>

The formation of the crater C17 was preceded by a long-term growth of the perennial heaving mound (PHM) on the surface of the third marine terrace.

According to&nbsp;Evgeny Chuvilin, the lead research scientist at the Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology's Center for Hydrocarbon Recovery in Moscow, "The new crater is uniquely well preserved, as surface water hadn't yet accumulated in the crater when we surveyed it, which allowed us to study a 'fresh' crater, untouched by degradation."

Rapid climate warming at northern high latitudes is driving geomorphic changes across the permafrost zone. In the Yamal and Gydan peninsulas in western Siberia, subterranean accumulation of methane beneath or within ice-rich permafrost can create mounds at the land surface. Once over-pressurized by methane, these mounds can explode and eject frozen ground, forming a gas emission crater (GEC).

"The craters and other abrupt changes occurring across the Arctic landscape are indicative of a rapidly warming and thawing the Arctic, which can have severe consequences for Arctic residents and globally," said&nbsp;Sue Natali, Arctic program director at the Woodwell Climate Research Center and coauthor of the study.

Russian scientists have unlocked the mysteries of the formation of massive holes in the north of Western Siberia, in the central part of the Yamal Peninsula. The giant crater named C17 in the geoinformation system “The Arctic and the World Ocean” was created by the Oil and Gas Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences (OGRI RAS).

Russian scientists have unlocked the mysteries of the formation of massive holes in the north of Western Siberia, in the central part of the Yamal Peninsula. The giant crater named C17 in the geoinformation system “The Arctic and the World Ocean” was created by the Oil and Gas Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences (OGRI RAS). It was formed in the period 15 May–9 June 2020. It is characterised by minimal water flooding and the uniquely good preservation of a significant part of the arch and a cavity of the complex shape formed in the ground ice. For the first time, as a result of aerial photography from inside the crater with a UAV, a 3D model of the crater and a giant cavity in the ground ice, formed during its thawing from below, was built. The crater's diameter was about 25 m. Study author Igor Bogoyavlensky, of the Oil and Gas Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, said "Three times we got close to losing it, but succeeded in getting the data for the 3D model." The accumulation of gas, the pressure rise and the development of gas-dynamic processes in the cavity led to the growth of the PHM, and the explosion and formation of the crater. The formation of the crater C17 was preceded by a long-term growth of the perennial heaving mound (PHM) on the surface of the third marine terrace. According to Evgeny Chuvilin, the lead research scientist at the Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology's Center for Hydrocarbon Recovery in Moscow, "The new crater is uniquely well preserved, as surface water hadn't yet accumulated in the crater when we surveyed it, which allowed us to study a 'fresh' crater, untouched by degradation." Rapid climate warming at northern high latitudes is driving geomorphic changes across the permafrost zone. In the Yamal and Gydan peninsulas in western Siberia, subterranean accumulation of methane beneath or within ice-rich permafrost can create mounds at the land surface. Once over-pressurized by methane, these mounds can explode and eject frozen ground, forming a gas emission crater (GEC). "The craters and other abrupt changes occurring across the Arctic landscape are indicative of a rapidly warming and thawing the Arctic, which can have severe consequences for Arctic residents and globally," said Sue Natali, Arctic program director at the Woodwell Climate Research Center and coauthor of the study.

Scientists unravel mysteries of massive holes forming in Siberian permafrost

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Scientists revive worm frozen for 46,000 years in Siberian permafrost

Scientists unravel mysteries of massive holes forming in Siberian permafrost