<p>Scientists have used a 2,000-year-old recipe to recreate the perfume used by Roman dictator Julius Caesar, thousands of years after his death.</p>

<p>The monarch, who ruled from 46 through 44 BC, is believed to have worn a specific fragrance known as "Telinum". This fragrance was created using a mixture of flowers, fruits, oils and a special ingredient known as 'gladiator sweat'.&nbsp;</p>

<p>Although Egyptians have been credited with the invention of perfume which is used for ritualistic and medicinal purposes, it was refined by the Romans.&nbsp;</p>

<p><strong>Also Read:&nbsp;</strong><a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/archaeologists-unseal-2000-year-old-mummy-discovered-in-italys-tomb-of-cerberus-745373">Archaeologists unseal 2000-year-old mummy discovered in Italy's 'Tomb of Cerberus'</a></p>

<p>The scientists looked into the historical accounts of the perfume and scent used by Caesar before recreating it.</p>

<p>According to the researchers, they took reference from written works to understand the kind of scents which were used in the perfume of Caesar and checked "both ancient writers and works of his close friends."</p>

<h2><strong>Here's all about the scents added to Caesar's perfume</strong></h2>

<p>The team found that Caesar's perfume was filled with a mix of mint, rose, lemon, bergamot, lavender, jasmine, water lily, violet, oud cedarwood and amber. The last ingredient they added was the weird sweat of gladiators.</p>

<p>The perspiration of men was seen as a thing of high honour as it was filled with&nbsp;blood, dirt, olive oil and exfoliated skin.&nbsp;</p>

<p>The Scent Culture and Tourism Association's (SCTA) research team recreated the gladiators' sweat with the help of patchouli - which is a kind of flowing plant.</p>

<p><strong>Watch:&nbsp;India's First sunken museum opens at Humayun's Tomb site</strong></p>

<div class="videoWrapper trancodeVideo"><iframe allowfullscreen="" autoplay="1" class="includeVideo" frameborder="0" height="350" src="https://www.wionews.com/videos/indias-first-sunken-museum-opens-at-humayuns-tomb-site-746896/embed" style="width:100%;max-width:560px;" width="560"></iframe></div>

<p>Patchouli carries an earthy, woody, musky scent which is famous for its intoxicatingly rich bouquet and the team said that it is similar to the smell of gladiators.&nbsp;</p>

<p>"What Caesar smelled like, what was in his perfume, where he got his perfume or who made it for him had always been a matter of great curiosity," said&nbsp;the team, in a statement.</p>

<p>"According to information provided by both ancient writers and works of his close friends, the contents of his perfumes have been largely determined," they added.&nbsp;</p>

<p><em>(With inputs from agencies)</em></p>


Scientists have used a 2,000-year-old recipe to recreate the perfume used by Roman dictator Julius Caesar, thousands of years after his death. The monarch, who ruled from 46 through 44 BC, is believed to have worn a specific fragrance known as "Telinum".

Scientists have used a 2,000-year-old recipe to recreate the perfume used by Roman dictator Julius Caesar, thousands of years after his death. The monarch, who ruled from 46 through 44 BC, is believed to have worn a specific fragrance known as "Telinum". This fragrance was created using a mixture of flowers, fruits, oils and a special ingredient known as 'gladiator sweat'. Although Egyptians have been credited with the invention of perfume which is used for ritualistic and medicinal purposes, it was refined by the Romans. Also Read: Archaeologists unseal 2000-year-old mummy discovered in Italy's 'Tomb of Cerberus' The scientists looked into the historical accounts of the perfume and scent used by Caesar before recreating it. According to the researchers, they took reference from written works to understand the kind of scents which were used in the perfume of Caesar and checked "both ancient writers and works of his close friends." Here's all about the scents added to Caesar's perfume The team found that Caesar's perfume was filled with a mix of mint, rose, lemon, bergamot, lavender, jasmine, water lily, violet, oud cedarwood and amber. The last ingredient they added was the weird sweat of gladiators. The perspiration of men was seen as a thing of high honour as it was filled with blood, dirt, olive oil and exfoliated skin. The Scent Culture and Tourism Association's (SCTA) research team recreated the gladiators' sweat with the help of patchouli - which is a kind of flowing plant. Watch: India's First sunken museum opens at Humayun's Tomb site Patchouli carries an earthy, woody, musky scent which is famous for its intoxicatingly rich bouquet and the team said that it is similar to the smell of gladiators. "What Caesar smelled like, what was in his perfume, where he got his perfume or who made it for him had always been a matter of great curiosity," said the team, in a statement. "According to information provided by both ancient writers and works of his close friends, the contents of his perfumes have been largely determined," they added. (With inputs from agencies)

THIS 2,000-year-old recipe, which includes gladiator's sweat can recreate perfume used by Caesar

<p>Archaeologists have discovered a marble floor in one of the corners of ancient Rome buried deep inside the sea. The multicoloured floor is situated in Baiae, a city that lies underwater. This city is popularly known as the "Las Vegas" of ancient Rome since Baiae, located on the shore of the Gulf of Pozzuoli, was the place the elite of ancient Rome came to for fun and frolic. This region now comes under southern Italy. Pictures of the marble floor were posted by the Archaeological Park of the Phlegraean Fields on its Facebook page.&nbsp;</p>

<p>The floor is a kind of mosaic work known as "opus sectile", which comprises the use of marble, pearl and glass. The materials used for this floor were cut and inlaid to form images or patterns. This floor in Baiae supposedly was once part of a reception room of a Roman villa in the city, according to the archaeological park.</p>

<p>This place was frequented by the high and mighty for not just its natural beauty but also because it was like a pleasure den. They built massive and luxurious villas in Baiae and spent time here in pursuit of all kinds of pleasures, including sensual self-indulgence. Julius Caesar, Nero, and Hadrian were among those who built villas here and enjoyed themselves.&nbsp;</p>

<p>Also Read:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/science/cocaine-sharks-are-swimming-in-the-seas-of-brazil-the-source-of-the-drug-will-disgust-you-743291">Cocaine sharks are swimming in the seas of Brazil. The source of the drug will disgust you</a></p>

<h2>Baiae, the city of 'vice' and 'hedonism'</h2>

<p>However, not everyone liked Baiae and slammed it for being a place of "vice". In 56 BC, a socialite named Clodia was condemned for living as a harlot in Rome and for indulging in beach parties and long drinking sessions. Sextus Propertius described it as a "den of licentiousness and vice".&nbsp;Seneca the Younger, a Roman stoic philosopher, called it a "harbour of vice" and a place that should be avoided.</p>

<p>The Gulf of Pozzuoli lies in the caldera of a super-volcano, and the lower parts of Baiae are submerged gradually due to volcanic activity. This underwater area is now part of a vast underwater archaeological park. It is a protected area with beautiful statues, villas and Roman mosaics, among other remains.</p>

<p>The pieces used to create opus sectile works are much larger and were used for large parts of the design. The work is currently undergoing restoration and extends across an area of roughly 2,700 square feet.&nbsp;</p>

<p>&nbsp;</p>


Archaeologists have discovered a marble floor in one of the corners of ancient Rome buried deep inside the sea. The multicoloured floor is situated in Baiae, a city that lies underwater.

Archaeologists have discovered a marble floor in one of the corners of ancient Rome buried deep inside the sea. The multicoloured floor is situated in Baiae, a city that lies underwater. This city is popularly known as the "Las Vegas" of ancient Rome since Baiae, located on the shore of the Gulf of Pozzuoli, was the place the elite of ancient Rome came to for fun and frolic. This region now comes under southern Italy. Pictures of the marble floor were posted by the Archaeological Park of the Phlegraean Fields on its Facebook page. The floor is a kind of mosaic work known as "opus sectile", which comprises the use of marble, pearl and glass. The materials used for this floor were cut and inlaid to form images or patterns. This floor in Baiae supposedly was once part of a reception room of a Roman villa in the city, according to the archaeological park. This place was frequented by the high and mighty for not just its natural beauty but also because it was like a pleasure den. They built massive and luxurious villas in Baiae and spent time here in pursuit of all kinds of pleasures, including sensual self-indulgence. Julius Caesar, Nero, and Hadrian were among those who built villas here and enjoyed themselves. Also Read: Cocaine sharks are swimming in the seas of Brazil. The source of the drug will disgust you Baiae, the city of 'vice' and 'hedonism' However, not everyone liked Baiae and slammed it for being a place of "vice". In 56 BC, a socialite named Clodia was condemned for living as a harlot in Rome and for indulging in beach parties and long drinking sessions. Sextus Propertius described it as a "den of licentiousness and vice". Seneca the Younger, a Roman stoic philosopher, called it a "harbour of vice" and a place that should be avoided. The Gulf of Pozzuoli lies in the caldera of a super-volcano, and the lower parts of Baiae are submerged gradually due to volcanic activity. This underwater area is now part of a vast underwater archaeological park. It is a protected area with beautiful statues, villas and Roman mosaics, among other remains. The pieces used to create opus sectile works are much larger and were used for large parts of the design. The work is currently undergoing restoration and extends across an area of roughly 2,700 square feet.

Underwater Roman city, a pleasure den of aristocracy, throws up another marvel

<p>US President Joe Biden's presidential re-run continues to be beleaguered as more Democrats are calling upon the ageing top leader to step down and make way for&nbsp;somebody else. Since the presidential debate with Donald Trump on June 28, at least 30 Democrat leaders have publicly expressed that Biden must step down.&nbsp;</p>

<p>After last weekend's assassination attempt on former President Trump -- which in fact turbocharged Republican leader's campaign for November -- more Democrats have made their point heard that Biden must step down.&nbsp;</p>

<h2><strong>Biden's presidential re-run: Will he or will he not step down?</strong></h2>

<p>Earlier this week, the White House announced that President Joe Biden is down with Covid. He is currently lodged at his home in Delaware.&nbsp;</p>

<p>The Biden advisers are reportedly discussing the details, timing and setting of a possible withdrawal announcement.</p>

<p>At the same time, Vice President Kamala Harris is reportedly making discreet preparations to assume the presidential ticket.&nbsp;</p>

<p><strong>Also read |&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wionews.com/world/pass-the-torch-biden-faces-strongest-call-so-far-to-step-aside-from-white-house-race-741841">'Pass the torch': Biden faces strongest call so far to drop out of White House race</a></strong></p>

<p>With more than 30 Democrats in the US Congress, including the leading California representative Adam Schiff, having now called on Biden to step down, the US president is reportedly angry at senior figures in the party for encouraging the discontent.&nbsp;</p>

<p>On top of the list is Nancy Pelosi, the former House speaker who has tried to persuade Biden to step down. Close second and third on the list are the Obama's and Clinton's. Biden reportedly thinks that Barack Obama and Bill and Hillary Clinton have undermined him through their conspicuous silence.</p>

<p><strong>Also watch |&nbsp;Joe Biden 'soul searching' over dropping out of presidential race?</strong></p>

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<p>Late on Friday evening (July 19), Ohio Senator Sherrod Brown released a statement: "At this critical time, our full attention must return to these important issues. I think the president should end his campaign."</p>

<p>But some of Biden supporters are also comparing his fate to Julius Caesar, the Roman leader famously stabbed by his own lieutenants, notably Marcus Brutus.&nbsp;</p>

<p>"People who have known this man for 30, 40 years are stabbing this man in the front and the back," a senior campaign and administration aide told Politico.</p>

<p>"They are JULIUS CAESAR-ing this man."</p>

<p><em>(With inputs from agencies)</em></p>


US President Joe Biden's presidential re-run continues to be beleaguered as more Democrats are calling upon the ageing top leader to step down and make way for somebody else.

US President Joe Biden's presidential re-run continues to be beleaguered as more Democrats are calling upon the ageing top leader to step down and make way for somebody else. Since the presidential debate with Donald Trump on June 28, at least 30 Democrat leaders have publicly expressed that Biden must step down. After last weekend's assassination attempt on former President Trump -- which in fact turbocharged Republican leader's campaign for November -- more Democrats have made their point heard that Biden must step down. Biden's presidential re-run: Will he or will he not step down? Earlier this week, the White House announced that President Joe Biden is down with Covid. He is currently lodged at his home in Delaware. The Biden advisers are reportedly discussing the details, timing and setting of a possible withdrawal announcement. At the same time, Vice President Kamala Harris is reportedly making discreet preparations to assume the presidential ticket. Also read | 'Pass the torch': Biden faces strongest call so far to drop out of White House race With more than 30 Democrats in the US Congress, including the leading California representative Adam Schiff, having now called on Biden to step down, the US president is reportedly angry at senior figures in the party for encouraging the discontent. On top of the list is Nancy Pelosi, the former House speaker who has tried to persuade Biden to step down. Close second and third on the list are the Obama's and Clinton's. Biden reportedly thinks that Barack Obama and Bill and Hillary Clinton have undermined him through their conspicuous silence. Also watch | Joe Biden 'soul searching' over dropping out of presidential race? × Late on Friday evening (July 19), Ohio Senator Sherrod Brown released a statement: "At this critical time, our full attention must return to these important issues. I think the president should end his campaign." But some of Biden supporters are also comparing his fate to Julius Caesar, the Roman leader famously stabbed by his own lieutenants, notably Marcus Brutus. "People who have known this man for 30, 40 years are stabbing this man in the front and the back," a senior campaign and administration aide told Politico. "They are JULIUS CAESAR-ing this man." (With inputs from agencies)

'Julius Caesar-ing' of Joe Biden picks pace as over 30 Democrats urge withdrawal from White House race

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THIS 2,000-year-old recipe, which includes gladiator's sweat can recreate perfume used by Caesar

Underwater Roman city, a pleasure den of aristocracy, throws up another marvel

'Julius Caesar-ing' of Joe Biden picks pace as over 30 Democrats urge withdrawal from White House race