Global sea surface temperatures have completely shattered records for June. Scientists warn that this unprecedented underwater heatwave, combined with a powerful developing El Nino, is set to trigger extreme weather worldwide and severely disrupt the Indian monsoon.


Massive sea surface heating alarms global climate researchers

Kings and monarchs have been known for committing atrocities, killing people and being ruthless in nature.&nbsp;

However, Russia's first tsar - Ivan the Terrible - has etched another kind of arc in history where he has been found to be the cruellest tyrant to have existed on Earth 440 years ago.&nbsp;

To understand how he actually looked and how cold his gaze was,&nbsp;scientists have now reconstructed his face using his skull.

<h2>All about Ivan the Terrible</h2>

Russia's first tsar Ivan the Terrible, in his rule, expanded his empire and transformed his country.&nbsp;

However, he is remembered for his barbarity and for cruelly treating his subjects by boiling them alive or roasting and impaling them, getting them torn apart by horses and drowning them under the ice.

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He is even believed to have beaten his own son to death, after he confronted him for hitting the prince's pregnant wife which led to her miscarriage.&nbsp;

However, the true face of the tsar was lost in history and now his face has been reconstructed to understand how he actually looked.&nbsp;

In 1963, the grave of the tsar was excavated by Soviet scientist Mikhail Gerasimov.

The work's lead author Cicero Moraes said, "According to Dr Gerasimov's study, it appears that Ivan indulged in a disorderly life of excessive eating and alcohol abuse."

"This must have worsened his condition in his last years. This is in contrast to the appearance he had when younger, when he was described as tall, with beautiful hair, broad shoulders, strong muscles, and a pleasant face," he added.

"An interesting fact is that they found a large amount of mercury in his body, which made some suspect poisoning. But given the habits of the time, it may have been used as a treatment for some health problem," Moraes further added.

<h2>How the face was reconstructed?</h2>

Several approaches were combined to reconstruct the final face. In one method, data from living donors was used to understand the likely thickness of the skin of the tsar on his skull.&nbsp;

Another technique put to work was anatomical deformation, in which a living donor's face and skull were digitally altered till they matched the dimensions of Ivan the Terrible.

Watch:&nbsp;'Assassination attempt' on Trump | A history of US Presidents targeted by gunmen

<div class="videoWrapper trancodeVideo"><iframe allowfullscreen="" autoplay="1" class="includeVideo" frameborder="0" height="350" src="https://www.wionews.com/videos/assassination-attempt-on-trump-a-history-of-us-presidents-targeted-by-gunmen-740773/embed" style="width:100%;max-width:560px;" width="560"></iframe></div>

"The final bust was a combination of all this data," said Moraes, who is a Brazilian graphics expert. He said it has a "strong and determined" likeness.

"It was a very interesting experience, as it involved not only facial approximation, but the study of the tsar's history," Moraes added.&nbsp;

(With inputs from agencies)

Kings and monarchs have been known for committing atrocities, killing people and being ruthless in nature. However, Russia's first tsar - Ivan the Terrible - has etched another kind of arc in history where he has been found to be the cruellest tyrant to have existed on Earth 440 years ago.

Kings and monarchs have been known for committing atrocities, killing people and being ruthless in nature. However, Russia's first tsar - Ivan the Terrible - has etched another kind of arc in history where he has been found to be the cruellest tyrant to have existed on Earth 440 years ago. To understand how he actually looked and how cold his gaze was, scientists have now reconstructed his face using his skull. All about Ivan the Terrible Russia's first tsar Ivan the Terrible, in his rule, expanded his empire and transformed his country. However, he is remembered for his barbarity and for cruelly treating his subjects by boiling them alive or roasting and impaling them, getting them torn apart by horses and drowning them under the ice. Also Read: 7,000 historical documents of Indian diaspora in Oman digitised He is even believed to have beaten his own son to death, after he confronted him for hitting the prince's pregnant wife which led to her miscarriage. However, the true face of the tsar was lost in history and now his face has been reconstructed to understand how he actually looked. In 1963, the grave of the tsar was excavated by Soviet scientist Mikhail Gerasimov. The work's lead author Cicero Moraes said, "According to Dr Gerasimov's study, it appears that Ivan indulged in a disorderly life of excessive eating and alcohol abuse." "This must have worsened his condition in his last years. This is in contrast to the appearance he had when younger, when he was described as tall, with beautiful hair, broad shoulders, strong muscles, and a pleasant face," he added. "An interesting fact is that they found a large amount of mercury in his body, which made some suspect poisoning. But given the habits of the time, it may have been used as a treatment for some health problem," Moraes further added. How the face was reconstructed? Several approaches were combined to reconstruct the final face. In one method, data from living donors was used to understand the likely thickness of the skin of the tsar on his skull. Another technique put to work was anatomical deformation, in which a living donor's face and skull were digitally altered till they matched the dimensions of Ivan the Terrible. Watch: 'Assassination attempt' on Trump | A history of US Presidents targeted by gunmen "The final bust was a combination of all this data," said Moraes, who is a Brazilian graphics expert. He said it has a "strong and determined" likeness. "It was a very interesting experience, as it involved not only facial approximation, but the study of the tsar's history," Moraes added. (With inputs from agencies)

This is the face of cruellest man who boiled his subjects alive nearly 440 years ago

A massive planet located 160 light years away now looks like a comet, complete with a tail that extends a massive 350,000 miles into space. The reason for this phenomenon is the distance between this planet and its host star.

A massive planet located 160 light years away now looks like a comet, complete with a tail that extends a massive 350,000 miles into space. The reason for this phenomenon is the distance between this planet and its host star. It is orbiting so close to its host star that the planet's atmosphere is boiling. This planet is the size of Jupiter and is shrinking in real time. According to astronomers, the planet is shedding the equivalent of one Earth every billion years, that is about 200,000 tonnes per second. The boiling is so intense that its atmosphere is now shedding, which is what has led to it developing a comet-like tail. Named WASP-69b, the amount of heat that this planet is taking can be understood by the fact that it completes one orbit of its host star in less than four days. Its orbit is so compact that the host star's intense radiation has vapourised the helium gas in the planet's atmosphere. Discussing the planet's condition, lead researcher Dakotah Tyler said jokingly in a press conference on Tuesday at the American Astronomical Society, "This is an extreme environment. I would suggest that you do not consider retiring on this planet." While this might sound like something unimaginable to us Earthlings, scientists say it might not be uncommon for planets to shed so much mass. In fact, the latest discovery might solve the mysterious gap in the size of exoplanets. ALSO READ | Scientists develop advanced DNA test that can detect 18 early stage cancers The comet-like tail of WASP-69b The tail that the planet has now developed, and which extends a whopping 350,000 miles into space, is one of the most fascinating pieces of news we have across from outer space in recent times. The WASP-69b is shedding helium which has taken the shape of a tail, stretching at least seven times the planet's width. It is due to the host star's stream of charged particles and magnetic fields. However, the hot host star might not be alone to blame for the planet shrinking. Scientists say that the planet could also be shrinking because of radiation from the planet's core which is probably pushing the atmosphere away. Super-Earths and Sub-Neptunes National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) has catalogued over 5,000 alien worlds and classified them into two rough categories. The first category is super-Earths, which includes planets about 1.6 times as wide as Earth. The other is sub-Neptunes, two to four times Earth's width. Scientists think there are hardly any planets between these sizes because they shrink swiftly and turn into super-Earths. WASP-69b is more massive than a sub-Neptune, demonstrating the same boiling behaviour scientists suspected. Due to its giant size, scientists have ample time to examine it. Erik Petigura, study co-author and UCLA professor of Physics and Astronomy said, "The WASP-69b system is a gem because we have a rare opportunity to study atmospheric mass-loss in real-time and understand the critical physics that shape thousands of other planets." The study's authors believe that WASP-69b and its comet-like tail will help them explore more about the physics of space, like how planets and their host star evolve together over time. (With inputs from agencies)

Scientists discover planet with a tail that extends 350,000 miles into space

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