Using the powerful Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) telescope, astronomers have gained new insights into how planets form around binary star systems, where two stars orbit a common centre of mass.

The study, presented at the 244th meeting of the American Astronomical Society, focused on two binary systems - F.O Tau and D.F. Tau.

By analysing the disks of gas and dust surrounding these young stars, which are the raw material for planet formation, the researchers uncovered key differences between the two systems that could impact their ability to form planets.

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In the case of F.O Tau, the astronomers found that the circumstellar disks, disks surrounding individual stars, are aligned with the orbit of the binary pair.

Both stars in this system exhibit relatively slow rotational speeds, and their disks remain magnetically locked to their parent stars.

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This suggested that systems like F.O Tau, with slower stellar rotation and more circular orbits, may be more conducive to the formation of planets around both stars compared to binary systems with faster rotation and elongated orbits.

Previous ALMA observations of other single and binary star systems have revealed intricate substructures within the disks, such as spiral patterns, gaps and ring formations.

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The findings&nbsp;represented an important step forward in understanding the conditions that can either nurture or inhibit planet formation in binary systems.
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Binary stars are quite common in the universe, with over 50 per cent of stars having a companion.

Planets can form around these systems in either circumstellar orbits (around one star) or circumbinary orbits (around both stars).

Understanding the factors that influence planet formation in these environments is crucial for expanding our knowledge of planetary systems beyond our own solar system.

The Square Kilometer Array (SKA), a next-generation radio telescope currently under construction in South Africa and Australia, is expected to further advance our understanding of planet formation around binary stars when it becomes operational in the coming years.

(With inputs from agencies)

Using the powerful Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) telescope, astronomers have gained new insights into how planets form around binary star systems, where two stars orbit a common centre of mass.

Using the powerful Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) telescope, astronomers have gained new insights into how planets form around binary star systems, where two stars orbit a common centre of mass. The study, presented at the 244th meeting of the American Astronomical Society, focused on two binary systems - F.O Tau and D.F. Tau. By analysing the disks of gas and dust surrounding these young stars, which are the raw material for planet formation, the researchers uncovered key differences between the two systems that could impact their ability to form planets. Also Read | China's Chang’e-6 mission returns to Earth with rare sample from Moon's far side In the case of F.O Tau, the astronomers found that the circumstellar disks, disks surrounding individual stars, are aligned with the orbit of the binary pair. Both stars in this system exhibit relatively slow rotational speeds, and their disks remain magnetically locked to their parent stars. Also Read | Epilepsy device implanted in UK boy’s skull reduces daytime seizures by 80 per cent This suggested that systems like F.O Tau, with slower stellar rotation and more circular orbits, may be more conducive to the formation of planets around both stars compared to binary systems with faster rotation and elongated orbits. Previous ALMA observations of other single and binary star systems have revealed intricate substructures within the disks, such as spiral patterns, gaps and ring formations. Watch | Europe: Airport pollution a health hazard, can living near airport makes you ill? × The findings represented an important step forward in understanding the conditions that can either nurture or inhibit planet formation in binary systems. Binary stars are quite common in the universe, with over 50 per cent of stars having a companion. Planets can form around these systems in either circumstellar orbits (around one star) or circumbinary orbits (around both stars). Understanding the factors that influence planet formation in these environments is crucial for expanding our knowledge of planetary systems beyond our own solar system. The Square Kilometer Array (SKA), a next-generation radio telescope currently under construction in South Africa and Australia, is expected to further advance our understanding of planet formation around binary stars when it becomes operational in the coming years. (With inputs from agencies)

ALMA telescope sheds light on planet formation around binary stars

Scientists have identified the formation of three planetary systems around a binary star system called SVS 13.

Located 980 light-years away, the binary star system and the complex structures of dust around it are shedding light on how planetary systems are born in these fascinating environments.

The research has been accepted by The Astrophysical Journal and is available on preprint server arXiv.

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Bringing together three decades of study, an international group of scientists have observed a pair of stars orbiting each other, to reveal that these stars are surrounded by disks of gas and dust.

Using the Very Large Array (VLA) and the Atacama Large Millimeter/Submillimeter Array (ALMA), the scientific group has studied the binary star SVS 13, still in its embryonic phase. This work has provided the best description available so far on a binary system in formation.

Models of planet formation suggest that planets form by the slow aggregation of ice and dust particles in protoplanetary disks around forming stars. Usually these models consider only single stars, such as the Sun.&nbsp;

However, most stars form binary systems, in which two stars rotate around a common centre. &nbsp;Very little is yet known about how planets are born around these important twin star systems, in which the gravitational interaction between the two stars plays an essential role.&nbsp;

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"Our results have revealed that each star has a disk of gas and dust around it and that, in addition, a larger disk is forming around both stars," says Ana Karla Díaz-Rodríguez, a researcher at the IAA-CSIC and the UK ALMA Regional Centre (UK-ARC) at The University of Manchester, who leads the work.

“This outer disk shows a spiral structure that is feeding matter into the individual disks, and in all of them planetary systems could form in the future. This is clear evidence for the presence of disks around both stars and the existence of a common disk in a binary system.”

The binary system SVS 13 consists of two stellar embryos with a total mass similar to that of the Sun. The two stars in the system are very close to each other, with a distance of only about ninety times that between the Earth and the Sun.

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The work has made it possible to study the composition of gas, dust and ionised matter in the system. In addition, nearly thirty different molecules have been identified around both protostars, including thirteen complex organic molecules precursors of life (seven of them detected for the first time in this system).&nbsp;

"This means that when planets begin to form around these two suns, the building blocks of life will be there," says Ana Karla Díaz-Rodríguez.

The scientific team has used the observations of SVS 13 obtained by the VLA over thirty years, together with new data from ALMA, and has followed the motion of both stars over this period, which has allowed their orbit to be traced, as well as the geometry and orientation of the system, along with many fundamental parameters, such as the mass of the protostars, the mass of the disks, and their temperature.&nbsp;

Gary Fuller of The University of Manchester, a collaborator on the project, says: “This work shows how careful, systematic studies of young stars can provide a remarkably detailed view of their structure and properties.“

(With inputs from agencies)

Scientists have identified the formation of three planetary systems around a binary star system called SVS 13. Located 980 light-years away, the binary star system and the complex structures of dust around it are shedding light on how planetary systems are born in these fascinating environments.

Scientists have identified the formation of three planetary systems around a binary star system called SVS 13. Located 980 light-years away, the binary star system and the complex structures of dust around it are shedding light on how planetary systems are born in these fascinating environments. The research has been accepted by The Astrophysical Journal and is available on preprint server arXiv. Also read | Scientists confirm several geomagnetic storms are going to hit Earth this week Bringing together three decades of study, an international group of scientists have observed a pair of stars orbiting each other, to reveal that these stars are surrounded by disks of gas and dust. Using the Very Large Array (VLA) and the Atacama Large Millimeter/Submillimeter Array (ALMA), the scientific group has studied the binary star SVS 13, still in its embryonic phase. This work has provided the best description available so far on a binary system in formation. Models of planet formation suggest that planets form by the slow aggregation of ice and dust particles in protoplanetary disks around forming stars. Usually these models consider only single stars, such as the Sun. However, most stars form binary systems, in which two stars rotate around a common centre. Very little is yet known about how planets are born around these important twin star systems, in which the gravitational interaction between the two stars plays an essential role. Also see | Why has space business has become the final profitable frontier? "Our results have revealed that each star has a disk of gas and dust around it and that, in addition, a larger disk is forming around both stars," says Ana Karla Díaz-Rodríguez, a researcher at the IAA-CSIC and the UK ALMA Regional Centre (UK-ARC) at The University of Manchester, who leads the work. “This outer disk shows a spiral structure that is feeding matter into the individual disks, and in all of them planetary systems could form in the future. This is clear evidence for the presence of disks around both stars and the existence of a common disk in a binary system.” The binary system SVS 13 consists of two stellar embryos with a total mass similar to that of the Sun. The two stars in the system are very close to each other, with a distance of only about ninety times that between the Earth and the Sun. Also read | NASA is cracking open a 50-year-old vacuum-sealed tube of lunar gas and soil The work has made it possible to study the composition of gas, dust and ionised matter in the system. In addition, nearly thirty different molecules have been identified around both protostars, including thirteen complex organic molecules precursors of life (seven of them detected for the first time in this system). "This means that when planets begin to form around these two suns, the building blocks of life will be there," says Ana Karla Díaz-Rodríguez. The scientific team has used the observations of SVS 13 obtained by the VLA over thirty years, together with new data from ALMA, and has followed the motion of both stars over this period, which has allowed their orbit to be traced, as well as the geometry and orientation of the system, along with many fundamental parameters, such as the mass of the protostars, the mass of the disks, and their temperature. Gary Fuller of The University of Manchester, a collaborator on the project, says: “This work shows how careful, systematic studies of young stars can provide a remarkably detailed view of their structure and properties.“ (With inputs from agencies)

Scientists identify formation of three planetary systems around this binary star

Astronomers have discovered a new type of nebulae around binary stars called galactic emission nebulae.

The research, published in Astrophysics and Astronomy, shows that binary star YY Hya has a strong UV excess. This suggests the existence of a hot and compact binary companion.

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''Toward the end of their lives, normal stars inflate into red giant stars. Since a very large fraction of stars is in binary pairs, this affects the evolution at the end of their lives,'' said the study's lead author Stefan Kimeswenger from the Department of Astro and Particle Physics at Innsbruck University, Austria.

''In close binary systems, the inflating outer part of a star merges as a common envelope around both stars. However, inside this gas envelope, the cores of the two stars are practically undisturbed and follow their evolution like independent single stars,'' he added.

The space between stars is dotted with twisting towers studded with stars, unblinking eyes, ethereal ribbons, and floating bubbles.&nbsp;

These fantastical shapes, some of the universe’s most visually stunning constructions, are nebulae, clouds of gas and dust that can be the birthplace of stars, the scene of their demise, and sometimes both.

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Nebulae are made up of gas, primarily hydrogen and helium, and fine cosmic dust. These clouds are part of the interstellar medium of extremely low-density gas and dust that exists between stars in the void of space.

''The diameter of the main cloud is 15.6 light-years across, almost 1 million times larger than the distance of the earth to the sun and much larger than the distance of our sun to its nearest neighboring star,'' Kimeswenger said.

''Moreover, fragments as large as 39 light-years apart have also been found. Since the object lies slightly above the Milky Way, the nebula was able to develop largely undisturbed by other clouds in the surrounding gas.''&nbsp;

"They are too large for the field of view of modern telescopes, and at the same time, they are very faint. Moreover, their lifetime is rather short, at least when considered in cosmic time scales. It is only a few hundred thousand years," he added.

Nebulae happen in places where the interstellar medium has become dense enough to form clouds. That could be because gravity has pulled the gas and dust together, or because stars have died and spewed their contents into the cosmos.&nbsp;

Several types of nebulae exist, and each individual nebula is a unique showcase of the phenomena and processes happening within. They often live side by side, with smaller nebulae populating larger clouds of gas and dust to form giant complexes of star birth and death.

(With inputs from agencies)

Astronomers have discovered a new type of nebulae around binary stars called galactic emission nebulae. The research, published in Astrophysics and Astronomy, shows that binary star YY Hya has a strong UV excess.

Astronomers have discovered a new type of nebulae around binary stars called galactic emission nebulae. The research, published in Astrophysics and Astronomy, shows that binary star YY Hya has a strong UV excess. This suggests the existence of a hot and compact binary companion. Also read | Astronomers resolve mystery of 'cube' spotted on Moon's dark side ''Toward the end of their lives, normal stars inflate into red giant stars. Since a very large fraction of stars is in binary pairs, this affects the evolution at the end of their lives,'' said the study's lead author Stefan Kimeswenger from the Department of Astro and Particle Physics at Innsbruck University, Austria. ''In close binary systems, the inflating outer part of a star merges as a common envelope around both stars. However, inside this gas envelope, the cores of the two stars are practically undisturbed and follow their evolution like independent single stars,'' he added. The space between stars is dotted with twisting towers studded with stars, unblinking eyes, ethereal ribbons, and floating bubbles. These fantastical shapes, some of the universe’s most visually stunning constructions, are nebulae, clouds of gas and dust that can be the birthplace of stars, the scene of their demise, and sometimes both. Also read | Chemical leftovers from Earth's creation still lingering deep within our planet: Study Nebulae are made up of gas, primarily hydrogen and helium, and fine cosmic dust. These clouds are part of the interstellar medium of extremely low-density gas and dust that exists between stars in the void of space. ''The diameter of the main cloud is 15.6 light-years across, almost 1 million times larger than the distance of the earth to the sun and much larger than the distance of our sun to its nearest neighboring star,'' Kimeswenger said. ''Moreover, fragments as large as 39 light-years apart have also been found. Since the object lies slightly above the Milky Way, the nebula was able to develop largely undisturbed by other clouds in the surrounding gas.'' "They are too large for the field of view of modern telescopes, and at the same time, they are very faint. Moreover, their lifetime is rather short, at least when considered in cosmic time scales. It is only a few hundred thousand years," he added. Nebulae happen in places where the interstellar medium has become dense enough to form clouds. That could be because gravity has pulled the gas and dust together, or because stars have died and spewed their contents into the cosmos. Several types of nebulae exist, and each individual nebula is a unique showcase of the phenomena and processes happening within. They often live side by side, with smaller nebulae populating larger clouds of gas and dust to form giant complexes of star birth and death. (With inputs from agencies)

Scientists discover new type of nebulae around binary stars

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