Mars’ gravity is only about 38 per cent of Earth’s. Extended exposure to reduced gravity causes muscle atrophy, bone density loss, and cardiovascular weakening, all of which pose risks to astronauts’ long-term health. 

5 threats that make a Mars mission fatal for humans, according to NASA

The human body must overcome many distinct difficulties in order to travel in space, including what amounts to brain rewiring. According to a study published Friday in the journal Frontiers in Neural Circuits, astronauts' brains were modified for months after they returned to Earth after spending nearly six months in space.

Space travel rewires astronauts' brains due to low gravity: Study

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5 threats that make a Mars mission fatal for humans, according to NASA

Space travel rewires astronauts' brains due to low gravity: Study