<p>Does digital-space invade private space? Does India need a data ombudsman to keep a check on all instances of data infringement?</p>

<p>Many might disagree with it due to India&rsquo;s dependability on export technologies. However, the online state of affairs is troubling in the age of Big Data. We have to seriously consider how a data protection law could protect the fundamentals of individual privacy.</p>

<p>There are many ambiguities as well questions that the committee of experts led by Justice B.N. Srikrishna needs to look into as they set about&nbsp;to craft an Indian&nbsp;data protection law.&nbsp;</p>

<p>India, as the largest producer of online data and as an emerging digital economy, needs to espouse a balanced data protection law to prevent misuse of personal data of its citizens and to protect its appetite for the digital economy. Here are four pointers in this regards.</p>

<p>First &ndash; <strong>definition</strong> &ndash; the law needs to distinguish a line between personal data and non-personal data so that the non-personal data could flow free for&nbsp;innovations. India&rsquo;s data protection law should be Indian in nature and not a replication of a stringent law like the EU data protection regulation.</p>

<p>Second &ndash; <strong>accessibility</strong>- the creation of data centres needs to be treated under the jurisdiction of India Law. These data centres would facilitate Indian law enforcement and investigative agencies to address diverse online and offline crime issues. The classic example is the Blackberry data turf war in 2010 due to the limitation of Mutual Legal Assistant Treaty.</p>

<p>Third &ndash; data flow- These data centres would enable indigenous start-ups to mushroom and give better data-driven services to the end user. Currently, the EU&rsquo;s GDPR is a strict data protection law of the digital world that keeps internet industries at bay, creating a negative effect on disruptive innovations and digital economy. However, recent talks in the EU mentioned that for free flow for digital innovations, there would be policy to leave aside &lsquo;non-personal data&rsquo;. New Delhi can learn from EU&rsquo;s mistakes.</p>

<p>Fourth - <strong>regulations</strong> &ndash; a strong data protection law would curb the misuse of personal data. Government of India should look into the issues of &lsquo;passive data collection&rsquo; which is often hidden in the applications. Second, it would create a trust between the user, service providers and governments. If the individual is not the owner of the data, then it is the responsibility of the government to ensure the protection of such data.</p>

<p>Combination of all these four factors- definition, accessibility, data flow and regulations - would open up unprecedented opportunities for India&rsquo;s $ 1 trillion digital economy.</p>

<p>Recently, Microsoft, Amazon and Google have opened up cloud data centres in India to provide better services to world&rsquo;s second largest internet users. This indicates that India could be a potential data hub for the South Asian countries.</p>

<p>In addition, estimations also suggested that by 2020 India would be a marketplace of $ 4.1 billion in cloud space industry.&nbsp;</p>

<p>Justice Brandeis warned against &ldquo;the progress of science in furnishing the government with means of espionage&rdquo;, which is why most&nbsp;tech-researchers&nbsp;are a bit suspicious about government&#39;s role in both India and abroad.</p>

<p>At the advent of the digital age, privacy and data protection have become two sides of the same coin. Meanwhile, the concept of privacy is socially constructed and naturally influenced by the history, culture, traditions and values of a nation.&nbsp;To address issues of different value clusters of societies, as well as, for protection of personal data, does India need a data gatekeeper? The answer to this is, yes!</p>

<p><em>(Disclaimer: The opinions expressed above are the personal views of the author and do not reflect the views of ZMCL).</em></p>


To address issues of different value cluster of societies India needs a ?data Ombudsman? to address personal data protection issues of all Indians home and abroad

Does digital-space invade private space? Does India need a data ombudsman to keep a check on all instances of data infringement? Many might disagree with it due to India’s dependability on export technologies. However, the online state of affairs is troubling in the age of Big Data. We have to seriously consider how a data protection law could protect the fundamentals of individual privacy. There are many ambiguities as well questions that the committee of experts led by Justice B.N. Srikrishna needs to look into as they set about to craft an Indian data protection law. India, as the largest producer of online data and as an emerging digital economy, needs to espouse a balanced data protection law to prevent misuse of personal data of its citizens and to protect its appetite for the digital economy. Here are four pointers in this regards. First – definition – the law needs to distinguish a line between personal data and non-personal data so that the non-personal data could flow free for innovations. India’s data protection law should be Indian in nature and not a replication of a stringent law like the EU data protection regulation. Second – accessibility- the creation of data centres needs to be treated under the jurisdiction of India Law. These data centres would facilitate Indian law enforcement and investigative agencies to address diverse online and offline crime issues. The classic example is the Blackberry data turf war in 2010 due to the limitation of Mutual Legal Assistant Treaty. Third – data flow- These data centres would enable indigenous start-ups to mushroom and give better data-driven services to the end user. Currently, the EU’s GDPR is a strict data protection law of the digital world that keeps internet industries at bay, creating a negative effect on disruptive innovations and digital economy. However, recent talks in the EU mentioned that for free flow for digital innovations, there would be policy to leave aside ‘non-personal data’. New Delhi can learn from EU’s mistakes. Fourth - regulations – a strong data protection law would curb the misuse of personal data. Government of India should look into the issues of ‘passive data collection’ which is often hidden in the applications. Second, it would create a trust between the user, service providers and governments. If the individual is not the owner of the data, then it is the responsibility of the government to ensure the protection of such data. Combination of all these four factors- definition, accessibility, data flow and regulations - would open up unprecedented opportunities for India’s $ 1 trillion digital economy. Recently, Microsoft, Amazon and Google have opened up cloud data centres in India to provide better services to world’s second largest internet users. This indicates that India could be a potential data hub for the South Asian countries. In addition, estimations also suggested that by 2020 India would be a marketplace of $ 4.1 billion in cloud space industry. Justice Brandeis warned against “the progress of science in furnishing the government with means of espionage”, which is why most tech-researchers are a bit suspicious about government's role in both India and abroad. At the advent of the digital age, privacy and data protection have become two sides of the same coin. Meanwhile, the concept of privacy is socially constructed and naturally influenced by the history, culture, traditions and values of a nation. To address issues of different value clusters of societies, as well as, for protection of personal data, does India need a data gatekeeper? The answer to this is, yes! (Disclaimer: The opinions expressed above are the personal views of the author and do not reflect the views of ZMCL).

Opinion: Personal data is vulnerable. How to protect it.

<p>The Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi&#39;s visit to Israel is historic in many ways. The fact that PM Modi is the first Indian &nbsp;prime minister to visit Israel in the last 70 years, foreign policy experts interpret this as a signal that both the national governments are willing to write a new chapter by overriding any &lsquo;historical baggage&rsquo;. Evidently, the dynamics of the bilateral relationship will be premised on&nbsp;further deepening the existing ties in matters related to defence, agriculture, trade, diplomacy and water management. At outset, it was made clear&nbsp;by Prime Minister Netanyahu of Israel that Indian talents and Israel technologies should write the future of growth. India not only needs Israel technologies for its&nbsp;&quot;Make in India&quot; campaign but also to promote&nbsp;Digital India and reinventing Agri(culture-digital) India.</p>

<p>Israel&#39;s&nbsp;technological prowess is&nbsp;so crucial to India because both countries have geopolitical and domestic imperatives, a <a href="https://thewire.in/88698/emergence-reluctant-digital-power/">reluctant digital power</a> (India) needs a strong support from a <a href="http://www.barlaw.co.il/blog/from-a-start-up-nation-to-a-cyber-security-nation-the-evolution-of-israel-as-a-security-leader/">cyber power</a> (Israel) to edge out any cyber geopolitics in South Asia. &nbsp; &nbsp;</p>

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<h5>India not only needs Israel technologies in Make in India but also in Digital India and reinventing Agri(culture-digital) India.</h5>
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<p><strong>Cyber Camaraderie</strong>&nbsp;</p>

<p>While addressing the Cyber Week 2017, the seventh edition of an annual cybersecurity conference held at Tel Aviv University in Israel on&nbsp;June, PM Benjamin Netanyahu said that cyber security is one of the key areas of cooperation to be discussed with PM Narendra Modi.&nbsp;</p>

<p>Indo-Israel cyber camaraderie is need of the hour, particularly because Israel has world&rsquo;s largest cyber security industry after the US.&nbsp;Many Israeli companies having a growing&nbsp;role in cyber defence technology, research and development, encryption and data protection. After China, India has the world&rsquo;s largest number of Internet users, but the digital ecosystem available to Indian users is prone to attack, and that makes Digital India initiative vulnerable.&nbsp;</p>

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<h5>Israel has world&rsquo;s largest cyber security industry and many Israeli companies having a protuberant role in cyber defence technology, research and development, encryption and data protection.</h5>
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<p><strong>Bishop to Bishop 1</strong>- India has ranked <a href="http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/india-ranks-4th-in-online-security-breaches/articleshow/58408905.cms">4th</a> in cyber security breaches and <a href="http://www.dnaindia.com/money/interview-india-ranked-fifth-in-ransomware-attacks-in-2016-pankit-desai-2438345">5th</a> in ransomware attacks. Statistically speaking,&nbsp;the costs of cyber threats are spurring up very quickly. For instance, the insane cyber attack on <a href="https://www.wired.com/2016/05/insane-81m-bangladesh-bank-heist-heres-know/">Bangladesh Bank</a> costs $ 81 million and&nbsp;in 2014, the <a href="http://www.reuters.com/article/us-sony-cybersecurity-costs-idUSKBN0JN2L020141209">cyber attack on Sony</a> studio was $100 million.&nbsp;More recently, the outbreak of WannaCry ransomware attack cost the world&nbsp;$4 billion. Cyber frauds carried out&nbsp;in India was worth <a href="http://www.thehindu.com/business/Economy/cyber-frauds-cost-india-4-billion/article5261594.ece">$4 billion in 2013</a>&nbsp;alone, and there is nothing to root it out yet.</p>

<p>An estimation shows that cybercrime <a href="http://www.cnbc.com/2017/02/07/cybercrime-costs-the-global-economy-450-billion-ceo.html">costs</a> the global economy $450 billion in 2016. Another estimation by the Microsoft underlines that economic loss of cyber crime would reach $3 trillion by 2020, which is just a tip of the larger iceberg. In foreseeable future, it might hold a significant risk to businesses, governments and societies. How should India and Israel address this issue?&nbsp;</p>

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<h5>As per a report, the Israel Defense Forces has 8200, elite cyber offensive and defensive army to address potential cyber threats.</h5>
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<p><strong>Bishop to Bishop 2</strong> -So far, Israel has been able to subdue&nbsp;its external threats by expanding it&rsquo;s both territorial and cyber capabilities. As per a report, the Israel Defense Forces has 8200 members strong elite cyber offensive and defensive army to address potential cyber threats. On the contrary, due to thin interests in building cyber offensive and defensive mechanisms, India has become a target of cyber attacks mostly generated from <a href="http://gadgets.ndtv.com/internet/news/cyber-attacks-on-india-mostly-from-china-pakistan-prasad-725195">China and Pakistan</a>. How Israel could help India in making so?</p>

<p><strong>Bishop to Bishop 3</strong> &ndash; India needs to move out from the present reluctant position to become a truly digital power. Both India and Israel need to expand their cyber diplomacy and digital economy with likeminded countries to address cyber issues in global level.&nbsp;</p>

<p>Lack of cyber attack attribution is a key factor to the hasty rise of cyber threats and both nations need&nbsp;to consider this while addressing the cyber security issues in a bigger picture.</p>

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<h5>Indo-Israel cyber agreements would promulgate upon win-win theory and it can always be substantiated by the existing sheer trust and strong commitments.</h5>
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<p>To counter China and Pakistan both online and offline, PM Modi and his Israeli counterpart should underline strong commitment during this trip. Major areas to look into are: border surveillance preferably by UAVs to avoid human fatalities and cooperation in developing India&#39;s cyber army to protect India&rsquo;s internet ecosystem from external penetrations. There is also a need for bilateral commitments to counter cyber terrorism globally.&nbsp;</p>

<p>In the post demonetisation period, India has eased towards building a&nbsp;digital economy but to become a sustainable cyber player, it needs to bring in an infrastructure ecosystem, capacity building, digital funding, and technology transfer to substantiate domestic projects. Indo-Israel cyber agreements will be&nbsp;promulgated upon a win-win theory, and it can always be substantiated by the existing &nbsp;trust and strong commitments.</p>


To counter China and Pakistan both online and offline, Prime Ministers Modi and Netanyahu should underline strong commitment during this trip

The Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi's visit to Israel is historic in many ways. The fact that PM Modi is the first Indian prime minister to visit Israel in the last 70 years, foreign policy experts interpret this as a signal that both the national governments are willing to write a new chapter by overriding any ‘historical baggage’. Evidently, the dynamics of the bilateral relationship will be premised on further deepening the existing ties in matters related to defence, agriculture, trade, diplomacy and water management. At outset, it was made clear by Prime Minister Netanyahu of Israel that Indian talents and Israel technologies should write the future of growth. India not only needs Israel technologies for its "Make in India" campaign but also to promote Digital India and reinventing Agri(culture-digital) India. Israel's technological prowess is so crucial to India because both countries have geopolitical and domestic imperatives, a reluctant digital power (India) needs a strong support from a cyber power (Israel) to edge out any cyber geopolitics in South Asia. India not only needs Israel technologies in Make in India but also in Digital India and reinventing Agri(culture-digital) India. × Cyber Camaraderie While addressing the Cyber Week 2017, the seventh edition of an annual cybersecurity conference held at Tel Aviv University in Israel on June, PM Benjamin Netanyahu said that cyber security is one of the key areas of cooperation to be discussed with PM Narendra Modi. Indo-Israel cyber camaraderie is need of the hour, particularly because Israel has world’s largest cyber security industry after the US. Many Israeli companies having a growing role in cyber defence technology, research and development, encryption and data protection. After China, India has the world’s largest number of Internet users, but the digital ecosystem available to Indian users is prone to attack, and that makes Digital India initiative vulnerable. Israel has world’s largest cyber security industry and many Israeli companies having a protuberant role in cyber defence technology, research and development, encryption and data protection. × Bishop to Bishop 1- India has ranked 4th in cyber security breaches and 5th in ransomware attacks. Statistically speaking, the costs of cyber threats are spurring up very quickly. For instance, the insane cyber attack on Bangladesh Bank costs $ 81 million and in 2014, the cyber attack on Sony studio was $100 million. More recently, the outbreak of WannaCry ransomware attack cost the world $4 billion. Cyber frauds carried out in India was worth $4 billion in 2013 alone, and there is nothing to root it out yet. An estimation shows that cybercrime costs the global economy $450 billion in 2016. Another estimation by the Microsoft underlines that economic loss of cyber crime would reach $3 trillion by 2020, which is just a tip of the larger iceberg. In foreseeable future, it might hold a significant risk to businesses, governments and societies. How should India and Israel address this issue? As per a report, the Israel Defense Forces has 8200, elite cyber offensive and defensive army to address potential cyber threats. × Bishop to Bishop 2 -So far, Israel has been able to subdue its external threats by expanding it’s both territorial and cyber capabilities. As per a report, the Israel Defense Forces has 8200 members strong elite cyber offensive and defensive army to address potential cyber threats. On the contrary, due to thin interests in building cyber offensive and defensive mechanisms, India has become a target of cyber attacks mostly generated from China and Pakistan. How Israel could help India in making so? Bishop to Bishop 3 – India needs to move out from the present reluctant position to become a truly digital power. Both India and Israel need to expand their cyber diplomacy and digital economy with likeminded countries to address cyber issues in global level. Lack of cyber attack attribution is a key factor to the hasty rise of cyber threats and both nations need to consider this while addressing the cyber security issues in a bigger picture. Indo-Israel cyber agreements would promulgate upon win-win theory and it can always be substantiated by the existing sheer trust and strong commitments. × To counter China and Pakistan both online and offline, PM Modi and his Israeli counterpart should underline strong commitment during this trip. Major areas to look into are: border surveillance preferably by UAVs to avoid human fatalities and cooperation in developing India's cyber army to protect India’s internet ecosystem from external penetrations. There is also a need for bilateral commitments to counter cyber terrorism globally. In the post demonetisation period, India has eased towards building a digital economy but to become a sustainable cyber player, it needs to bring in an infrastructure ecosystem, capacity building, digital funding, and technology transfer to substantiate domestic projects. Indo-Israel cyber agreements will be promulgated upon a win-win theory, and it can always be substantiated by the existing trust and strong commitments.

Why Israel needs to help India build a cyber army

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Zee News Rajasthan

Editor

Jayadev Parida

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