Democrats introduced a bill based on the Biden administration’s immigration priorities that would provide a path to citizenship for 11 million undocumented immigrants. Meanwhile, officials will begin processing Central American asylum-seekers who were turned back and forced to remain in Mexico under a controversial Trump-era policy that has been revoked.

Biden administration’s immigration policy and recent attacks on the Asian-American communities

US authorities carried out the 13th and final federal execution of Donald Trump's presidency Saturday, media reports said, less than a week before the White House is taken over by Democrat Joe Biden, who opposes the death penalty.

Dustin Higgs, a 48-year-old Black man, was executed by lethal injection at the federal penitentiary in Terre-Haute in Indiana hours after the US Supreme Court rejected a stay of execution, the New York Times reported.

Higgs was pronounced dead at 1:23 am local time, the Times said, citing a statement from the Federal Bureau of Prisons.

In January 1996, Higgs invited three young women to his apartment near the capital Washington, along with two of his friends. When one of the young women rebuffed his advances, he offered to drive them home but instead stopped in an isolated federal nature reserve outside the city.

According to the Department of Justice, he then ordered one of his friends to shoot the three women. In 2000, he was sentenced to death for kidnapping and murder. The man who pulled the trigger was sentenced to life imprisonment with no chance of parole.

"It is arbitrary and inequitable to punish Mr Higgs more severely than the actual killer," said Higgs' lawyer Shawn Nolan, in a plea for clemency addressed to President Trump at the end of January.

But the Republican president, a staunch defender of the death penalty, did not follow up. On the contrary, his administration fought in court to be able to proceed with the execution before he leaves the White House next week.

A court had ordered a stay of execution on the grounds that Higgs contracted Covid-19 and that, with his damaged lungs, he would likely suffer cruelly at the time of an injection of pentobarbital.

The Department of Justice immediately appealed and won the case.

The final bid to halt the execution then went before the Supreme Court, whose conservative majority -- firmly established by Trump appointees -- has systematically given the green light to federal executions since the summer.

- 'This is not justice' -

The Trump administration resumed federal executions in July following a 17-year hiatus, carrying them out at an unprecedented rate.

Among the 12 people put to death since then was, for the first time in nearly 70 years, a woman -- Lisa Montgomery, executed Tuesday despite doubts about her mental health.

At the same time, states postponed all executions to avoid spreading the virus.

"This is not justice," wrote Justice Sonia Sotomayor in a dissenting note to Friday's decision by the Supreme Court. "After waiting almost two decades to resume federal executions, the Government should have proceeded with some measure of restraint to ensure it did so lawfully."

"When it did not, this Court should have. It has not. Because the Court continues this pattern today, I dissent."

President-elect Biden, who will be sworn in on Wednesday, has vowed to work with Congress to try to abolish the death penalty at the federal level.

Democratic lawmakers on Monday introduced a bill to that effect and since their party has regained control of the Senate, it stands a chance of being adopted.

US authorities carried out the 13th and final federal execution of Donald Trump's presidency Saturday, media reports said, less than a week before the White House is taken over by Democrat Joe Biden, who opposes the death penalty.

US authorities carried out the 13th and final federal execution of Donald Trump's presidency Saturday, media reports said, less than a week before the White House is taken over by Democrat Joe Biden, who opposes the death penalty. Dustin Higgs, a 48-year-old Black man, was executed by lethal injection at the federal penitentiary in Terre-Haute in Indiana hours after the US Supreme Court rejected a stay of execution, the New York Times reported. Higgs was pronounced dead at 1:23 am local time, the Times said, citing a statement from the Federal Bureau of Prisons. In January 1996, Higgs invited three young women to his apartment near the capital Washington, along with two of his friends. When one of the young women rebuffed his advances, he offered to drive them home but instead stopped in an isolated federal nature reserve outside the city. According to the Department of Justice, he then ordered one of his friends to shoot the three women. In 2000, he was sentenced to death for kidnapping and murder. The man who pulled the trigger was sentenced to life imprisonment with no chance of parole. "It is arbitrary and inequitable to punish Mr Higgs more severely than the actual killer," said Higgs' lawyer Shawn Nolan, in a plea for clemency addressed to President Trump at the end of January. But the Republican president, a staunch defender of the death penalty, did not follow up. On the contrary, his administration fought in court to be able to proceed with the execution before he leaves the White House next week. A court had ordered a stay of execution on the grounds that Higgs contracted Covid-19 and that, with his damaged lungs, he would likely suffer cruelly at the time of an injection of pentobarbital. The Department of Justice immediately appealed and won the case. The final bid to halt the execution then went before the Supreme Court, whose conservative majority -- firmly established by Trump appointees -- has systematically given the green light to federal executions since the summer. - 'This is not justice' - The Trump administration resumed federal executions in July following a 17-year hiatus, carrying them out at an unprecedented rate. Among the 12 people put to death since then was, for the first time in nearly 70 years, a woman -- Lisa Montgomery, executed Tuesday despite doubts about her mental health. At the same time, states postponed all executions to avoid spreading the virus. "This is not justice," wrote Justice Sonia Sotomayor in a dissenting note to Friday's decision by the Supreme Court. "After waiting almost two decades to resume federal executions, the Government should have proceeded with some measure of restraint to ensure it did so lawfully." "When it did not, this Court should have. It has not. Because the Court continues this pattern today, I dissent." President-elect Biden, who will be sworn in on Wednesday, has vowed to work with Congress to try to abolish the death penalty at the federal level. Democratic lawmakers on Monday introduced a bill to that effect and since their party has regained control of the Senate, it stands a chance of being adopted.

US carries out last federal execution of Trump era

<a href="https://cdn.theconversation.com/files/183367/area14mp/file-20170824-18715-id9cba.jpg" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><img alt="" src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/files/183367/width237/file-20170824-18715-id9cba.jpg" /></a>

<figure class="align-right zoomable">
<figcaption>
My Nuclear Nightmare by Naoto Kan. <a class="source" href="http://www.cornellpress.cornell.edu/Resources/titles/80140100930800/Images/80140100930800L.jpg">Handout</a>
</figcaption>
</figure>

<a href="https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/30455027-my-nuclear-nightmare">My Nuclear Nightmare</a>

Leading Japan Through the Fukushima Disaster to a Nuclear-Free Future

By Naoto Kan. Translated from Japanese by Jeffrey S. Irish. (Non-fiction. Hardcover, 2017. Cornell University Press.)

On March 11, 2011, following a massive earthquake and tsunami, nuclear reactors at Fukushima, Japan, lost electrical power and all cooling systems stopped functioning. The malfunction led to meltdowns of three reactor cores, and multiple explosions involving hydrogen gas that was seen live around the world.

The resulting radioactive contamination spread over a large area and forced the evacuation of about 160,000 people from their homes, many of whom still cannot return because their neighborhoods continue to have unacceptably high levels of radiation. Hundreds, perhaps thousands, of people are expected to develop fatal cancers as a result of exposure to radiation from the accident.

Naoto Kan was the prime minister of Japan during this critical period and this book, published in Japanese in 2012 and newly available in English, offers his inside perspective of how events unfolded at the highest levels.

Kan reveals how little even powerful individuals and institutions like him and the government can do in the face of a major nuclear accident. If a society like Japan that is so well-prepared for natural disasters like earthquakes is unable to deal with a severe nuclear accident like Fukushima, there is little doubt that no country would have been able to do much better.

Kan&rsquo;s account is a testimony of the prevalence of the safety myth: the comforting but illusionary idea that technology can prevent nuclear accidents. Sadly, that myth continues to prevail not just in Japan but in most countries that are operating or constructing nuclear power plants.

<figure class="align-right zoomable"><a href="https://cdn.theconversation.com/files/183368/area14mp/file-20170824-24217-1qmrg69.jpeg"><img alt="" src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/files/183368/width237/file-20170824-24217-1qmrg69.jpeg" />&nbsp;</a>

<figcaption>
Command and Control by&nbsp;Eric&nbsp;Schlosser. <a class="source" href="http://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/303337/command-and-control-by-eric-schlosser/9780143125785/">Handout</a>
</figcaption>
</figure>

<a href="https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/6452798-command-and-control">Command and Control</a>

Nuclear Weapons, the Damascus Accident, and the Illusion of Safety

By Eric Schlosser (Non-fiction. Paperback, 2014. Penguin.)

The Damascus accident started when a missile technician dropped a socket from a socket-wrench while servicing a Titan II intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) in a silo in rural Arkansas. The socket hit the missile, puncturing its outer layer, causing a fuel leak that eventually sparked a powerful explosion that engulfed and propelled out of the silo the multi-megaton thermonuclear warhead. Fortunately, the warhead itself did not explode.

September 18, 1980, incident was just one of the many close calls involving nuclear weapons that the world has experienced. Going through these experiences, it&rsquo;s hard to attribute the fact that there have been no accidental nuclear explosions to anything but blind luck.

Eric Schlosser, an award-winning American journalist, and the author has produced a very readable account of accidents and near-misses, as well as the decades-long history of trying to control these risks through technological and institutional fixes.

Command and Control reminds us of the extraordinary danger posed by the large nuclear arsenals possessed by many countries around the world &mdash; most importantly, the United States and Russia.

At a time when Donald Trump and North Korea&rsquo;s Kim Jong Un are trading aggressive rhetoric and increasing tensions in East Asia and elsewhere, this book raises a further warning: The mere existence of nuclear arsenals &mdash; even during periods of low political tension &mdash; brings with them the risk of nuclear weapon use, deliberately or inadvertently, along with horrendous consequences.

<figure class="align-right zoomable"><a href="https://cdn.theconversation.com/files/183369/area14mp/file-20170824-23353-8n6uip.jpg"><img alt="" src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/files/183369/width237/file-20170824-23353-8n6uip.jpg" /></a>

<figcaption>
Unmaking the Bomb by&nbsp;Harold&nbsp;A.&nbsp;Fieveson et&nbsp;al. <a class="source" href="https://mitpress.mit.edu/sites/default/files/9780262529723.jpg">Handout</a>
</figcaption>
</figure>

<a href="https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/22104557-unmaking-the-bomb">Unmaking the Bomb</a>

A Fissile Material Approach to Nuclear Disarmament and Nonproliferation

By Harold A. Feiveson, Alexander Glaser, Zia Mian, Frank N. von Hippel (Non-fiction. Hardcover, 2014. MIT Press.)

The threat of nuclear warfare with North Korea, thanks to the posturing by Donald Trump and Kim Jong Un, makes me, like many others, ponder the question of how to rid the world of these hugely destructive weapons.

In contrast to proposals for nuclear disarmament that focus on diplomacy and international relations, this book by four physicists at Princeton University (my former colleagues) offers a more technical road map for nuclear disarmament: Namely, through the control and elimination of highly enriched uranium and plutonium &mdash; the fissile materials that are the essential ingredients of all nuclear weapons.

The connection is laid out in the introduction of the book: &ldquo;If we are to reduce the threat from nuclear weapons, we must deal with the dangers posed by the production, stockpiling, and use of fissile materials. Unmaking the bomb requires eliminating the fissile materials that make nuclear weapons possible.&rdquo;

Unmaking the Bomb provides useful background material for the present crisis in East Asia by presenting some of the most reliable publicly available information on the nuclear facilities in North Korea and the United States (as well as the eight other countries confirmed to possess nuclear weapons) and the best independent estimates of their stockpiles of highly enriched uranium and plutonium.

It also reminds us that most nuclear programs grow by borrowing technology from other states and that the acquisition of nuclear technology for supposedly civilian purposes can be a stepping stone to a nuclear weapons program.

<figure class="align-right zoomable"><a href="https://cdn.theconversation.com/files/183372/area14mp/file-20170824-18740-1xabidb.jpg"><img alt="" src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/files/183372/width237/file-20170824-18740-1xabidb.jpg" /></a>

<figcaption>
The Rise of Hindu Authoritarianism by&nbsp;Achin&nbsp;Vanaik. Handout
</figcaption>
</figure>

<a href="https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/30805651-the-rise-of-hindu-authoritarianism">The Rise of Hindu Authoritarianism</a>

Secular Claims, Communal Realities

By Achin Vanaik (Non-fiction. Hardcover, 2017. Verso Books.)

The last few years have seen victories by the right wing, authoritarian political parties, and leaders in multiple countries. The same phenomenon in India, the &ldquo;world&rsquo;s largest democracy,&rdquo; should be &mdash; and is &mdash; cause for worry.

In 1998, when the Hindu nationalist Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) came to power for the first time (if one discounts a brief stint in 1996), one of its earliest decisions was to test nuclear weapons, which has since led to well over a billion people living under a nuclear shadow.

The year before the BJP&rsquo;s rise, Achin Vanaik&rsquo;s book, The Furies of Indian Communalism: Religion, Modernity, and Secularization, was published. Vanaik &mdash; a writer, social activist, former professor at the University of Delhi, and Delhi-based fellow of the Transnational Institute in Amsterdam &mdash; has now updated and expanded that work significantly.

In this updated edition, he traces the transformation of the BJP from a relatively fringe position on the political spectrum to become the dominant national-level party replacing the Congress, and implanting itself and its ideology &ldquo;in the country&rsquo;s structures and institutions.&rdquo;

The Rise of Hindu Authoritarianism not only explores in great detail the growing communalisation of the political arena and civil society, it also delineates what an oppositional and transformative project might look like.

<figure class="align-right zoomable"><a href="https://cdn.theconversation.com/files/183370/area14mp/file-20170824-18734-1q8521.jpg"><img alt="" src="https://cdn.theconversation.com/files/183370/width237/file-20170824-18734-1q8521.jpg" />&nbsp;</a>

<figcaption>
The Great Derangement by Amitav Ghosh. <a class="source" href="http://www.press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/chicago/G/bo22265507.html">Handout</a>
</figcaption>
</figure>

<a href="https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/29362082-the-great-derangement">The Great Derangement</a>

Climate Change and the Unthinkable

By Amitav Ghosh (Non-fiction. Cloth, 2016. University of Chicago Press.)

Climate change has rightly come to be seen as one of the greatest challenges &mdash; if not the single greatest challenge &mdash; confronting the world today. There is an endless stream of academic papers and books, reports by local, national and international bodies, newspaper stories and documentaries on the subject. And yet climate change has appeared only sparingly in the world of fiction and literature.

It is the curious absence of climate change in these latter genres that novelist and writer Amitav Ghosh explored in a series of lectures delivered at the University of Chicago, which were subsequently published in the form of this book.

Ghosh traces this literary absence to &ldquo;peculiar forms of resistance that climate change presents to what is now regarded as serious fiction,&rdquo; but then goes on to explore the histories of imperialism, colonialism, and capitalism that have brought humanity to what he terms &ldquo;the Great Derangement.&rdquo;

<img alt="The Conversation" height="1" src="https://counter.theconversation.edu.au/content/83024/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic" width="1" />Reading this book makes it clear, at least to me, that climate change is not a problem that can be dealt with through some clever technological inventions or some neat-looking financial instrument, but will require us to fundamentally reshape our economic, political and international structures.

&nbsp;

This article was originally published on <a href="http://theconversation.com">The Conversation</a>. Read the <a href="https://theconversation.com/worth-reading-in-the-trump-era-nuclear-nightmares-authoritarianism-and-climate-change-83024">original article</a>.

M.V. Ramana, the noted nuclear physicist, talks about the horror of a nuclear war and climate change through these 5 books.

My Nuclear Nightmare by Naoto Kan. Handout My Nuclear Nightmare Leading Japan Through the Fukushima Disaster to a Nuclear-Free Future By Naoto Kan. Translated from Japanese by Jeffrey S. Irish. (Non-fiction. Hardcover, 2017. Cornell University Press.) On March 11, 2011, following a massive earthquake and tsunami, nuclear reactors at Fukushima, Japan, lost electrical power and all cooling systems stopped functioning. The malfunction led to meltdowns of three reactor cores, and multiple explosions involving hydrogen gas that was seen live around the world. The resulting radioactive contamination spread over a large area and forced the evacuation of about 160,000 people from their homes, many of whom still cannot return because their neighborhoods continue to have unacceptably high levels of radiation. Hundreds, perhaps thousands, of people are expected to develop fatal cancers as a result of exposure to radiation from the accident. Naoto Kan was the prime minister of Japan during this critical period and this book, published in Japanese in 2012 and newly available in English, offers his inside perspective of how events unfolded at the highest levels. Kan reveals how little even powerful individuals and institutions like him and the government can do in the face of a major nuclear accident. If a society like Japan that is so well-prepared for natural disasters like earthquakes is unable to deal with a severe nuclear accident like Fukushima, there is little doubt that no country would have been able to do much better. Kan’s account is a testimony of the prevalence of the safety myth: the comforting but illusionary idea that technology can prevent nuclear accidents. Sadly, that myth continues to prevail not just in Japan but in most countries that are operating or constructing nuclear power plants. Command and Control by Eric Schlosser. Handout Command and Control Nuclear Weapons, the Damascus Accident, and the Illusion of Safety By Eric Schlosser (Non-fiction. Paperback, 2014. Penguin.) The Damascus accident started when a missile technician dropped a socket from a socket-wrench while servicing a Titan II intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) in a silo in rural Arkansas. The socket hit the missile, puncturing its outer layer, causing a fuel leak that eventually sparked a powerful explosion that engulfed and propelled out of the silo the multi-megaton thermonuclear warhead. Fortunately, the warhead itself did not explode. September 18, 1980, incident was just one of the many close calls involving nuclear weapons that the world has experienced. Going through these experiences, it’s hard to attribute the fact that there have been no accidental nuclear explosions to anything but blind luck. Eric Schlosser, an award-winning American journalist, and the author has produced a very readable account of accidents and near-misses, as well as the decades-long history of trying to control these risks through technological and institutional fixes. Command and Control reminds us of the extraordinary danger posed by the large nuclear arsenals possessed by many countries around the world — most importantly, the United States and Russia. At a time when Donald Trump and North Korea’s Kim Jong Un are trading aggressive rhetoric and increasing tensions in East Asia and elsewhere, this book raises a further warning: The mere existence of nuclear arsenals — even during periods of low political tension — brings with them the risk of nuclear weapon use, deliberately or inadvertently, along with horrendous consequences. Unmaking the Bomb by Harold A. Fieveson et al. Handout Unmaking the Bomb A Fissile Material Approach to Nuclear Disarmament and Nonproliferation By Harold A. Feiveson, Alexander Glaser, Zia Mian, Frank N. von Hippel (Non-fiction. Hardcover, 2014. MIT Press.) The threat of nuclear warfare with North Korea, thanks to the posturing by Donald Trump and Kim Jong Un, makes me, like many others, ponder the question of how to rid the world of these hugely destructive weapons. In contrast to proposals for nuclear disarmament that focus on diplomacy and international relations, this book by four physicists at Princeton University (my former colleagues) offers a more technical road map for nuclear disarmament: Namely, through the control and elimination of highly enriched uranium and plutonium — the fissile materials that are the essential ingredients of all nuclear weapons. The connection is laid out in the introduction of the book: “If we are to reduce the threat from nuclear weapons, we must deal with the dangers posed by the production, stockpiling, and use of fissile materials. Unmaking the bomb requires eliminating the fissile materials that make nuclear weapons possible.” Unmaking the Bomb provides useful background material for the present crisis in East Asia by presenting some of the most reliable publicly available information on the nuclear facilities in North Korea and the United States (as well as the eight other countries confirmed to possess nuclear weapons) and the best independent estimates of their stockpiles of highly enriched uranium and plutonium. It also reminds us that most nuclear programs grow by borrowing technology from other states and that the acquisition of nuclear technology for supposedly civilian purposes can be a stepping stone to a nuclear weapons program. The Rise of Hindu Authoritarianism by Achin Vanaik. Handout The Rise of Hindu Authoritarianism Secular Claims, Communal Realities By Achin Vanaik (Non-fiction. Hardcover, 2017. Verso Books.) The last few years have seen victories by the right wing, authoritarian political parties, and leaders in multiple countries. The same phenomenon in India, the “world’s largest democracy,” should be — and is — cause for worry. In 1998, when the Hindu nationalist Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) came to power for the first time (if one discounts a brief stint in 1996), one of its earliest decisions was to test nuclear weapons, which has since led to well over a billion people living under a nuclear shadow. The year before the BJP’s rise, Achin Vanaik’s book, The Furies of Indian Communalism: Religion, Modernity, and Secularization, was published. Vanaik — a writer, social activist, former professor at the University of Delhi, and Delhi-based fellow of the Transnational Institute in Amsterdam — has now updated and expanded that work significantly. In this updated edition, he traces the transformation of the BJP from a relatively fringe position on the political spectrum to become the dominant national-level party replacing the Congress, and implanting itself and its ideology “in the country’s structures and institutions.” The Rise of Hindu Authoritarianism not only explores in great detail the growing communalisation of the political arena and civil society, it also delineates what an oppositional and transformative project might look like. The Great Derangement by Amitav Ghosh. Handout The Great Derangement Climate Change and the Unthinkable By Amitav Ghosh (Non-fiction. Cloth, 2016. University of Chicago Press.) Climate change has rightly come to be seen as one of the greatest challenges — if not the single greatest challenge — confronting the world today. There is an endless stream of academic papers and books, reports by local, national and international bodies, newspaper stories and documentaries on the subject. And yet climate change has appeared only sparingly in the world of fiction and literature. It is the curious absence of climate change in these latter genres that novelist and writer Amitav Ghosh explored in a series of lectures delivered at the University of Chicago, which were subsequently published in the form of this book. Ghosh traces this literary absence to “peculiar forms of resistance that climate change presents to what is now regarded as serious fiction,” but then goes on to explore the histories of imperialism, colonialism, and capitalism that have brought humanity to what he terms “the Great Derangement.” Reading this book makes it clear, at least to me, that climate change is not a problem that can be dealt with through some clever technological inventions or some neat-looking financial instrument, but will require us to fundamentally reshape our economic, political and international structures. This article was originally published on The Conversation. Read the original article.

What does nuclear nightmare look like?

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Biden administration’s immigration policy and recent attacks on the Asian-American communities

US carries out last federal execution of Trump era

What does nuclear nightmare look like?