Spanish riot police fired rubber bullets and forced their way into activist-held polling stations in Catalonia on Sunday as thousands flooded the streets to vote in an independence referendum banned by Madrid.

At least 91 people were injured in clashes, emergency services said, as police cracked down down on what the Spanish central government has branded a &quot;farce&quot;.

&quot;Spanish democracy faces its greatest challenge,&quot; headlined top-selling El Pais daily just hours before police moved in en masse to seal off polling stations and seize ballot boxes, sparking scuffles as they sought to block the vote.&nbsp;

More than 5.3 million people have been called upon to have their say on independence from Spain in the wealthy northeastern region which has its own distinct language and culture.&nbsp;

The referendum poses the question: &quot;Do you want Catalonia to become an independent state in the form of a republic?&quot;

But it has been ruled unconstitutional by the central government and the courts, with judicial officials ordering police to seize ballot papers, detain key organisers and shut down websites promoting the vote.

Thousands of Spanish police fanned out across the region on Sunday, forcing their way into polling stations.

&#39;Unjustified violence&#39; 
In central Barcelona, riot police charged at demonstrators who were sitting on the ground blocking their way after they raided a polling station at a school, witnesses said.

They said police also fired rubber bullets, with one man showing AFP a leg injury he suffered.

The crackdown drew a sharp rebuke from Catalan leaders.&nbsp;

&quot;The unjustified use of violence, which is both irrational and irresponsible, by the Spanish state will not stop the will of the Catalan people,&quot; Catalan president Carles Puigdemont said.

The police, he said, had used &quot;batons, rubber bullets and indiscriminate force&quot; against people demonstrating &quot;peacefully&quot;.

&quot;The head of a cowardly government has flooded our city with police,&quot; Barcelona Mayor Ada Colau wrote on Twitter, adding: &quot;Barcelona city of peace, we are not afraid&quot; -- a slogan coined after August&#39;s jihadist rampage that killed 16 people.

&#39;I voted, I voted!&#39; 
Riot police also stormed a polling station near Girona, smashing the glass doors of the sports centre where Puigdemont was due to vote, then cutting a chain to force their way in.&nbsp;

But the regional government said Puigdemont had managed to vote anyway, tweeting pictures of him casting his ballot in Cornella del Terri, 10 kilometres (six miles) away, and in several areas voting was reported to be peaceful.&nbsp;

The drama unfolded after a night of tension in which thousands of people had gathered outside polling stations before dawn, joining those who had spent the night camped inside to ensure they would be open on the day.

Under a sea of umbrellas outside a school in Barcelona, a mixed crowd gathered, among them elderly people in wheelchairs, families with buggies and parents clutching toddlers by the hand. With no police in sight, they were able to cast their ballots, prompting scenes of jubilation.&nbsp;

&quot;I&#39;ve voted! I&#39;ve voted,&quot; one man shouted.&nbsp;

&quot;That&#39;s the great hope, to be able to vote freely like this despite the problems we&#39;ve faced, I&#39;m very happy. I can die peacefully,&quot; added Jose Mas Ribas, 79.

Elsewhere in Barcelona, rows of police vans lined the streets, their blue lights flashing as officers in riot gear, some carrying heavy bolt cutters, walked past crowds outside another polling station.

&quot;Votarem, votarem!&quot; -- Catalan for &quot;We will vote!&quot; -- they chanted, many with their hands in the air.&nbsp;

- &#39;End this farce&#39; - 
Although Catalans are divided over independence, most want to vote on the matter in legal, binding plebiscite.

The Spanish government&#39;s representative in Catalonia placed the blame for the chaos on the regional leadership. &nbsp;

&quot;Puigdemont and his team are solely responsible for all that has happened today and for all that can happen if they do not put an end to this farce,&quot; Enric Millo told a news conference.

&quot;The sole objective of today&rsquo;s operation has been to ensure that this illegal referendum does not take place and the Spanish and Catalan people can continue to live in peace and liberty as they have these past 40 years.&quot;

Over-taxed, under-funded 
Pro-separatist lawmakers in Catalonia have pushed for an independence referendum since September 2015 when they won a narrow majority of 72 seats in the region&#39;s parliament.&nbsp;

Although Catalonia already has significant control over education, healthcare and welfare, the region says it pays more in taxes than it receives from Madrid.

This has sparked resentment which has been further exacerbated by Spain&#39;s economic doldrums and helped push the secessionist cause.

The Catalan government says independence would leave the region richer and more able to protect its language and culture

The referendum law foresees a declaration of independence within 48 hours of a &#39;Yes&#39; vote. But it remains unclear what the regional government will actually do so, although whatever happens, the outcome will not be recognised by Madrid.

The conservative government of Prime Minister Mariano Rajoy has come under fire for limiting its response to the crisis to repeating that the referendum is unconstitutional.

&quot;The state needs to explain the benefits of remaining united, instead of repeating all the time that the referendum is illegal,&quot; said Rafael Castillo, a 59-year-old engineer at a Madrid rally, wearing a scarf with the Spanish flag around his neck.

In central Barcelona, riot police charged at demonstrators who were sitting on the ground blocking their way

Spanish riot police fired rubber bullets and forced their way into activist-held polling stations in Catalonia on Sunday as thousands flooded the streets to vote in an independence referendum banned by Madrid. At least 91 people were injured in clashes, emergency services said, as police cracked down down on what the Spanish central government has branded a "farce". "Spanish democracy faces its greatest challenge," headlined top-selling El Pais daily just hours before police moved in en masse to seal off polling stations and seize ballot boxes, sparking scuffles as they sought to block the vote. More than 5.3 million people have been called upon to have their say on independence from Spain in the wealthy northeastern region which has its own distinct language and culture. The referendum poses the question: "Do you want Catalonia to become an independent state in the form of a republic?" But it has been ruled unconstitutional by the central government and the courts, with judicial officials ordering police to seize ballot papers, detain key organisers and shut down websites promoting the vote. Thousands of Spanish police fanned out across the region on Sunday, forcing their way into polling stations. 'Unjustified violence' In central Barcelona, riot police charged at demonstrators who were sitting on the ground blocking their way after they raided a polling station at a school, witnesses said. They said police also fired rubber bullets, with one man showing AFP a leg injury he suffered. The crackdown drew a sharp rebuke from Catalan leaders. "The unjustified use of violence, which is both irrational and irresponsible, by the Spanish state will not stop the will of the Catalan people," Catalan president Carles Puigdemont said. The police, he said, had used "batons, rubber bullets and indiscriminate force" against people demonstrating "peacefully". "The head of a cowardly government has flooded our city with police," Barcelona Mayor Ada Colau wrote on Twitter, adding: "Barcelona city of peace, we are not afraid" -- a slogan coined after August's jihadist rampage that killed 16 people. 'I voted, I voted!' Riot police also stormed a polling station near Girona, smashing the glass doors of the sports centre where Puigdemont was due to vote, then cutting a chain to force their way in. But the regional government said Puigdemont had managed to vote anyway, tweeting pictures of him casting his ballot in Cornella del Terri, 10 kilometres (six miles) away, and in several areas voting was reported to be peaceful. The drama unfolded after a night of tension in which thousands of people had gathered outside polling stations before dawn, joining those who had spent the night camped inside to ensure they would be open on the day. Under a sea of umbrellas outside a school in Barcelona, a mixed crowd gathered, among them elderly people in wheelchairs, families with buggies and parents clutching toddlers by the hand. With no police in sight, they were able to cast their ballots, prompting scenes of jubilation. "I've voted! I've voted," one man shouted. "That's the great hope, to be able to vote freely like this despite the problems we've faced, I'm very happy. I can die peacefully," added Jose Mas Ribas, 79. Elsewhere in Barcelona, rows of police vans lined the streets, their blue lights flashing as officers in riot gear, some carrying heavy bolt cutters, walked past crowds outside another polling station. "Votarem, votarem!" -- Catalan for "We will vote!" -- they chanted, many with their hands in the air. - 'End this farce' - Although Catalans are divided over independence, most want to vote on the matter in legal, binding plebiscite. The Spanish government's representative in Catalonia placed the blame for the chaos on the regional leadership. "Puigdemont and his team are solely responsible for all that has happened today and for all that can happen if they do not put an end to this farce," Enric Millo told a news conference. "The sole objective of today’s operation has been to ensure that this illegal referendum does not take place and the Spanish and Catalan people can continue to live in peace and liberty as they have these past 40 years." Over-taxed, under-funded Pro-separatist lawmakers in Catalonia have pushed for an independence referendum since September 2015 when they won a narrow majority of 72 seats in the region's parliament. Although Catalonia already has significant control over education, healthcare and welfare, the region says it pays more in taxes than it receives from Madrid. This has sparked resentment which has been further exacerbated by Spain's economic doldrums and helped push the secessionist cause. The Catalan government says independence would leave the region richer and more able to protect its language and culture The referendum law foresees a declaration of independence within 48 hours of a 'Yes' vote. But it remains unclear what the regional government will actually do so, although whatever happens, the outcome will not be recognised by Madrid. The conservative government of Prime Minister Mariano Rajoy has come under fire for limiting its response to the crisis to repeating that the referendum is unconstitutional. "The state needs to explain the benefits of remaining united, instead of repeating all the time that the referendum is illegal," said Rafael Castillo, a 59-year-old engineer at a Madrid rally, wearing a scarf with the Spanish flag around his neck.

Catalonia: At least 91 hurt in crackdown on independence vote, police fire rubber bullets

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Catalonia: At least 91 hurt in crackdown on independence vote, police fire rubber bullets